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Class 10 English Chapter 1.1 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

A Teenager’s Prayer Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!
Chit-chat

1. Form Groups of 5 to 6 and discuss. Give a rating of 1 to 5 to each of the following.
When you have to make important decisions what do you generally do?
(a) Consult parents/elders [ ]
(b) Contact friends for advice [ ]
(c) Pray to God for guidance [ ]
(d) Think deeply in silence [ ]
(e) Ask your teacher for help [ ]
(f) Toss a coin to decide [ ]

Question 1.
Form Groups of 5 to 6 and discuss. Give a rating of 1 to 5 to each of the following.
When you have to make important decisions what do you generally do?
(Answer is directly given in the box.)
(a) Consult parents/elders [b]
(b) Contact friends for advice [d]
(c) Pray to God for guidance [e]
(d) Think deeply in silence [a]
(e) Ask your teacher for help [c]
(f) Toss a coin to decide [f]
Note: Students may note their own rating after discussion.

2. In poetry, very often, there are lines in which the poet seems to talk directly to an absent person, an abstract idea or thing/object.
Such a tactic/device used by the poet is the Figure of Speech ‘Apostrophe’.
For example,
Twinkle, twinkle little star …………
Death! Where is thy sting?
O Cave man! I wish I could live with you.
Now, complete the following, creating examples of Apostrophe of your own.
(a) O, Life! How ………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Dear God, Please ………………………………………………………………….
(c) Books! You are ……………………………………………………………………..
(d) Exams! I wish ………………………………………………………………………
(e) O, You beautiful sky ……………………………………………………………….

Question 1.
complete the following, creating examples of Apostrophe of your own.
(a) O, Life! How ………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Dear God, Please ………………………………………………………………….
(c) Books! You are ……………………………………………………………………..
(d) Exams! I wish ………………………………………………………………………
(e) O, You beautiful sky ……………………………………………………………….
Answer:
(a) O, Life! How Strange are your ways?
(b) Dear God, Please keep me calm in my difficult days.
(c) Books! You are my dear companions.
(d) Exams! I wish you were never there, never!
(e) O, you beautiful sky send all your beauty to the earth.

English Workshop:

1. Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences :

Question 1.
Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences :
(a) According to the poet, …………. are brought by each new day. (new beginnings/new endings)
(b) We must decide to take the road which leads to ……………. . (great distress/great success)
(c) The poet prays to the Lord to help him stand for what is ………………. . (might! right)
(d) The poet wants to see that his teenage years have been the ………… years of his life. (worst/best)
Answer:
(a) According to the poet, new beginnings are brought by each new day. (new beginnings / new endings)
(b) We must decide to take the road which leads to great success. (great distress/great success)
(c) The poet prays to the Lord to help him stand for what is right. (might/right)
(d) The poet wants to see that his teenage years have been the best years of his life, (worst/ best)

2. Find and write the pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
1. …………, 2. …………., 3. …………., 4. …………, 5. ……………

Question 1.
Find and write the pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:
1. make – take
2. success – distress
3. see – me
4. way – day

3. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? Choose the correct one from the following options.
(i) aabb (ii) abcd (iii) abcb (iv) abba

Question 1.
What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? Choose the correct one from the following options.
(i) aabb (ii) abed (iii) abeb (iv) abba
Answer:
(iii) abeb.

4. Match the lines in Column A with the Figures of Speech in Column B.

Question 1.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Decisions, I must make	(a) Apostrophe
(ii) Please open up my eyes, dear Lord.	(b) Alliteration
(iii) Travel down the darkened road	(c) Metaphor
(iv) I can choose to take the road of life.	(d) Inversion

5. Elements of Planning An Interview : (Group Activity)
Form groups and discuss each element of planning an interview and prepare notes on each element.

6. Prepare a set of 10 questions to interview any successful teenager. You may use the following guidelines.

Question 1.
Prepare a set of 10 questions to interview any successful teenager. You may use the following guidelines.

Answer:
Interview questions for blind musician :

1. Could you please tell me about your family?
2. How did your blindness affect your career as a musician and composer?
3. Who supported you in your venture?
4. Who were your Gurus and what sort of training did you receive?
5. What is your speciality in singing?
6. Which was the best performance in your life according to you?
7. What are the awards you have received?
8. What are your plans for future?
9. What is your advice to young aspirants?
10. What can you do to encourage them?

7. Read the poem. Write an appreciation of the poem in about 12 to 15 sentences with the help of the following points.

Question 1.
Read the poem. Write an appreciation of the poem in about 12 to 15 sentences with the help of the following points.

Answer:

1. Title: ‘A Teenager’s Prayer’.
2. The name of the Poet: J. Morse.
3. Rhyme scheme: The rhyme scheme of the poem is ‘abeb.’
4. Figure of speech (Any 1): Apostrophe, Inversion, Metaphor.
5. Theme/Central Idea: The theme of the poem is a teenager’s dilemma about making the right decisions.

The responsibility of choice falls fully on him/her. A wrong decision may ruin the whole life. Hence the teenager in the poem prays to God for His help and guidance.

8. Compose a short prayer in English asking God to guide you in your teenage years. Later, you can even try to make the lines rhyme to give it a poetic form.

Question 1.
Compose a short prayer in English asking God to guide you in your teenage years. Later, you can even try to make the lines rhyme to give it a poetic form.
Answer:

• O God, bless me with friends
• with purest heart,
• Who’ll always stand by me in dark and dust.
• Let our friendship grow clean and right.
• My future bright will be in my sight.

9. Look around in your vicinity – your family, friends, neighbours, classmates, etc. and write about any four teenagers who have made a name for themselves by doing something extraordinary.

Question 1.
Look around in your vicinity – your family, friends, neighbours, classmates, etc. and write about any four teenagers who have made a name for themselves by doing something extraordinary.

Answer:

Teenager Group	Name	Special/extraordinary tasks/things performed
1. Family	Vishal	Healthy young boy-body-building was his passion-trained-hard work-took part in various competitions-became ‘Mumbai Shree’at the age of 20-opened his own Gym-trained many body-builders-they won many titles-became rich and famous.
2. Friends	Meera	Disabled-lost a leg in an accident-prosthetic leg at the age of 15-she excelled in studies-after graduation she appeared for Maharashtra Public Service Commission exams-passed at first attempt-ranked 5th among all-became Tehsildar-worked for common man-all people loved and admired her administration.
3. Neighbours	Yashraj	Special child-born blind-inclined to music since childhood-distressful life-did not give up-used to listen to songs on transistor and TV.-practised-learnt harmonium, guitar, tabla, etc.-sang classical songs-mastered every type of music-arranged many concerts-today he is a famous music director at the age of 30.
4. Classmates	Jacob	Wealthy family-were in big business-father wanted him to get into business-but he wanted to change the face of villages-adopted some backward villages-worked selflessly with the poor and needy people-with great patience, perseverance and sacrifice did his noble work-brought transformation in their life-improved their overall quality of life-he is respected as God by the villagers.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complex Factual Activity :
Complete the webs : (Answer is directly given.)

1.

2.

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
Complete the sentences with the help of the extract:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)

1. The person should strictly say ‘no’ to any temptation that comes in his way,
2. It’ll keep a person’s body clean and fit.

Question 2.
Whose company does the poet wish for, in the walk of life? Why?
OR
What effect does the speaker wish to see in himself at the end of his teens?
Answer:
The poet wishes the company of God because, by the time his teenage years are over, he will know that the life he lived under the guidance and help of the Almighty, was the best.

Question 3.
In what condition does the poet wish to maintain his body?
Answer:
The poet wishes to maintain his body and keep it clean and fit each day, when temptation attracts him to do anything bad or wrong.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Identify the following figures of speech :
Answer:

1. Please open up my eyes, – Apostrophe dear Lord.
2. And fit for life each day. – Alliteration

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Unit 1

• A Teenager’s Prayer Class 10 English Solutions
• An Encounter of a Special Kind Class 10 English Solutions
• Basketful of Moonlight Class 10 English Solutions
• Be SMART…! Class 10 English Solutions
• His First Flight Class 10 English Solutions

Class 9 English Chapter 1.1 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.1 Walk a Little Slower Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Walk a Little Slower Poem 9th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 1.1 Walk a Little Slower Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

Form pairs or groups of four. Use these questions to start a conversation with your friends.

• Are you a talkative person?
• Do you like to share your thoughts?
• What would you like to do after 10th?

My Thoughts:

1. Form groups of 4-6. Discuss the following with your friends in the group and then complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Form groups of 4-6. Discuss the following with your friends in the group and then complete the sentences.

English Workshop:

1. Read the poem aloud.

Question 1.
Read the poem aloud.

2. Put the words given in brackets in the proper blanks.

Question 1.
Put the words given in brackets in the proper blanks.
(a) The ………….. is talking to its . (father/child)
(b) The …………. is leading and the …………. is following. (father/child)
(c) Someday the ……………. will become a ………… (father/child)
(d) The ………….. does not wish to fall while following its …………… (father/child)
Answer:
(a) The child is talking to its father. (father/child)
(b) The father is leading and the child is following, (father/child)
(c) Someday the child will become a father. (father/child)
(d) The child does not wish to fall while following its father. (father/child)

2. Find and write pairs of rhyming words from the poem. (Words that appear at the end of the line.)

Question 1.
Find and write pairs of rhyming words from the poem. (Words that appear at the end of the line.)
Answer:

1. small-fall
2. see-me.
3. be-me
4. true-you.

3. The meanings of the words in the following pairs show that they are related

Find five more pairs of related words:
Examples :

• teacher: …………….
• doctor: ………………
• give: ………………….
• ………………………….
• ………………………….

Question 1.
Find five more pairs of related words:
Answer:

1. teacher ⇄ student
2. doctor ⇄ patient
3. give ⇄ take
4. owner ⇄ servant
5. come ⇄ go.

4. The child in the poem requests his father to walk slower. Here, the poet implies that the child wants to understand his father’s actions better. The child would like to act the same way, but wants the father to be more understanding towards the child’s needs. What is implied in the following lines?

Question a.
Sometimes your steps are very fast…
Answer:
Sometimes the father’s actions are too quick for the child to follow them properly.

Question b.
Sometimes your steps are hard to see …
Answer:
Sometimes the actions of the father are so difficult that the child cannot understand, observe and act accordingly.

Question c.
I would want to lead just right…
Answer:
The child who is grown up now wants to guide his child correctly in the journey of his life.

Question d.
And know that I was true …
Answer:
The grown up child is confident about his opinions, judgements and actions in his life. He was correct and sincere throughout his life like his father.

5. Using your own ideas, frame three sentences that show continuous action.
Example: You are leading me.

Question 1.
Using your own ideas, frame three sentences that show continuous action.
Answer:

1. My elder sister was helping me with my studies.
2. He is making us laugh.
3. Our team players are gaining confidence.

6. Using your own ideas, frame at least three sentences that show future action or state.
Examples:
Who’ll (who will) want to follow me.
When I’m all grown up …

Question 1.
Using your own ideas, frame at least three sentences that show future action or state.
Answer:

1. Who will want to participate in the elocution competition?
2. When I’m in Std. X.
3. They are going to arrive tomorrow.
4. I’ll be 16 years old in 2018.

7. Discuss the following and write the summary of your discussion in the form of bullet points.

Question a.
How are certain ideas/customs/knowledge passed on from one generation to the next?
Answer:

1. preserved by forefathers and passed on to new generations
2. continued to exist till this date
3. mythological literature, vedas, folklores, fables and arts instilled cultural values into them
4. known to them through celebrations of festival and religious ceremonies
5. Every community wants to preserve their cultural heritage because of their conservative mindset

Question b.
Is it necessary for children to follow the footsteps of their forefathers? If yes, why? Why is it sometimes necessary to change the old ways?
Answer:

1. Yes, it is necessary to follow the footsteps of our forefathers
2. because of its importance in life and the moral values it involves
3. Sometimes it is necessary to change the old ways because many of the traditions and customs are based on superstitions which cannot be explained by reason or science
4. have to accept good modern ideas
5. To safeguard the moral standard of people which is declining everywhere

8. Do you have a role model? What qualities do you appreciate in your role model?

Question 1.
Do you have a role model? What qualities do you appreciate in your role model?
Answer:
My role model is Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India. He was known as the Missile-man – the man behind India’s missile programme. I appreciate his intelligence, dedication to his duty, hard work, serenity and simplicity, his commitment to inspire and guide the youth of India, there was no change in his simplicity, politeness, humility and thoughtfulness even in his capacity as the President.

9. Think of an occasion when you did not like the decision/actions of your family members but realised later on that they were tight. Write about it in 5-8 lines.

Question 1.
Think of an occasion when you did not like the decision/actions of your family members but realised later on that they were tight. Write about it in 5-8 lines.
Answer:
Our class went for a trip to Lonavala. Before going there, all elderly persons warned me not to venture on any risky place especially if it is a river. At Lonavala, we saw a big river. All students were enjoying on the bank of the river. Some started swimming in it. I also tried to enter the river but suddenly slipped and fell into the river. I did not know swimming. I began to drown. I was terrified and cried for help. One of our teachers knew swimming. He boldly jumped into the river.

He swam towards me and holding my hand firmly brought me to the bank of river. I lay unconscious. Water in my stomach was removed. I felt a little better but could not enjoy the picnic anymore. The dangerous situation taught me the lesson of a life time. I realised that my family was right and decided never to disregard my parent’s advice.

10. Within two minutes, write as many phrases or sentences as you can using ‘a little’.

Question 1.
Within two minutes, write as many phrases or sentences as you can using ‘a little’.
Answer:

• a little while.
• I need a little more time.
• Move a little forward.
• a little earlier.
• a little smaller.
• You just need a little bit of luck.
• a little old lady.
• quite a little milk.
• a little confusion.
• I found him a little smarter.
• a little improved.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 1.1 Walk a Little Slower Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following extract and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What would happen if the child tried to walk fast? Why?
Answer:
If the child tried to walk fast he/she will not be able to properly understand the actions, thoughts, etc. of his/her father and will fail to achieve success in life.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Does the word ‘walk’ refer only to the act of walking? What does the poet actually mean to say?
Answer:
No, the word ‘walk’ does not refer here only to the act of walking. The poet actually wants to say that the father should communicate his thoughts and feelings to the child and help him/her to learn or become familiar with the ways of life by showing him/her or explaining the child how to behave and act for living a good life.

Question 2.
What do the ‘footsteps’ of the father refer to?
Answer:
The ‘footsteps’ of the father refers here to the father’s mannerisms, distinctive and individual gestures, traits of speaking and behaving, his actions and his all other characteristics that makes a person successful in life.

Question 3.
What qualities of your parents/eiders would you like to adopt?
Answer:
Their ability, noble thoughts and actions, kindness and love for others, discipline, hard work, I honesty, perseverance and to remain happy in good or bad condition.

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: ‘Walk a little slower…’
2. Poet/Poetess: The poet is unknown.
3. Theme/Central Idea: The importance of l the father as a role model is the central idea of the poem. The child in the poem wants to observe and imitate the life led by his/her father. Hence the I child requests the father to be more considerate towards his/her needs.
4. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme of the stanzas is ‘abeb’.
5. Figure of Speech: Alliteration and metaphor
6. Special Features: This poem is a dramatic monologue. Dramatic monologue is a kind of poem in which the speech does not reveal the poet’s own thoughts. Instead, the thoughts of the character speaking are expressed.
7. Favourite Lines: My favourite lines from the poem are:
“I’m following in your footsteps And I don’t want to fall.”
Then I will have a little child Who’ll want to follow me.
8. Why I like the poem: I like this poem for its sheer simplicity. There is not a single difficult word in the poem. This helps me understand the poem fully. Even the implied meanings are easy to guess.

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Pdf Unit 1

• Walk a Little Slower Class 9 English Solutions
• The Fun they Had Class 9 English Solutions
• ‘Hope’ is the Thing with Feathers Class 9 English Solutions
• The Story of Tea Class 9 English Solutions
• The Necklace Class 9 English Solutions

Roman Numerals Class 5 Problem Set 1 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra Board Class 5 Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Roman Numerals Problem Set 1 Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 5 Maths Chapter 1 Roman Numerals

Question 1.
Write all the numbers from 1 to 20 using Roman numerals.
Answer:

Question 2.
Write the following numbers using international numerals.
(1) V
(2) VII
(3) X
(4) XIII
(5) XIV
(6) XVI
(7) XVIII
(8) IX
Answer:
(1) 5
(2) 7
(3) 10
(4) 13
(5) 14
(6) 16
(7) 18
(8) 9

Question 3.
Fill in the empty boxes.

Answer:

Question 4.
Write the numbers using Roman numerals.
(1) 9
(2) 2
(3) 17
(4) 4
(5) 11
(6) 18
Answer:
(1) IX
(2) II
(3) XVII
(4) IV
(5) XI
(6) XVIII

Question 5.
In the table below, each given number is written in international numerals and then again in Roman numerals. If it is written correctly in Roman numerals, put ‘/’ in the box under it. If not, put ‘X’ and correct it.

Answer:

Something more : L, C, D and M are also used as Roman numerals.

Activity : Apart from clocks and watches, where else do we see Roman numerals?

The decimal system of writing numbers
It is not easy to read or write numbers using Roman numerals. It also makes calculations difficult. You have learnt to write numbers using the ten digits, 0 to 9. In that system, the value of a digit depends upon its place in the number. This system of writing numbers is called the ‘decimal system’.

Mathematicians of ancient India invented the decimal system of writing numbers and began to use it. Later, this system was accepted in all parts of the world because it was simple and convenient.

Roman Numerals Problem Set 1 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write all the numbers from 21 to 30 using roman numerals.
Answer:

Question 2.
Write the following numbers using international numerals.
(1) XXV
(2) XXIX.
Answer:
(1) 25
(2) 29

Question 3.
Fill in the empty boxes:
Answer:

Question 4.
Write the numbers using Roman Numerals:
(1) 1
(2) 21
(3) 10
Answer:
(1) I
(2) XXI
(3) X

Question 5.
In the table below, each given number is written in international numerals and then again in Roman numerals. If it is written correctly in Roman numerals put ‘S’ in the box under it. if not, put ‘x’ and correct it.
Answer:

Question 6.
Write all the numbers from 31 to 40 using Roman numerals.
Answer:

Question 7.
Write the following numbers using international numerals.
(1) VI
(2) XI
(3) XIV
(4) XVII
Answer:
(1) 6
(2) 11
(3) 14
(4) 17

Question 8.
Fill in the empty boxes:

Answer:
Four = IV, 16 = XVI, Twenty = XX, XV =15

Question 9.
Write the numbers using Roman numerals in the given boxes.
(1) 3 [ ]
(2) 8 [ ]
(3) 13 [ ]
(4) 16 [ ]
Answer:
(1) III
(2) VIII
(3) XIII
(4) XVI

Question 10.
State true or false of the following. If the statement is false then correct it in Roman numerals.
(1) 3 is written as IIV
(2) 14 is written as XIV
(3) 16 is written as XVI
(4) 19 is written as IXX
Answer:
(1) False (III)
(2) True
(3) True
(4) False (XIX)

Question 11.
Write the answers Roman numerals.
(1) III + IV = [ ]
(2) IV + V = [ ]
(3) IX – X = [ ]
(4) VI + X = [ ]
(5) III + II = [ ]
(6) V + V = [ ]
(7) XXX + XX = [ ]
(8) L + L = [ ]
Answer:
(1) VII
(2) IX
(3) XIX
(4) XVI
(5) V
(6) X
(7) L
(8) C

Question 12.
Match the columns:

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – a),
(3 – d),
(4 – c)

Question 13.
Circle the correct international numeral of the following:
(1) XXIV
(a) 14
(b) 20
(c) 24
Answer:
(c) 24

(2) VIII
(a) 8
(b) 207
(c) 19
Answer:
(a) 8

(3) XXIX
(a) 31
(b) 29
(c) 20
Answer:
(b) 29

(4) XXVII
(a) 27
(b) 28
(c) 26
Answer:
(a) 27

Question 14.
Circle the correct Roman numeral of the following:
(1) 36
(a) XXVI
(b) XXXVI
(c) XXXXVI
Answers:
(b) XXXVI

(2) 27
(a) XXXVI
(b) XXVII
(c) XXVI
Answers:
(c) XXVII

(3) 18
(a) XVIII
(b) XVI
(c) XVII
Answers:
(a) XVIII

(4) 605
(a)DCV
(b)CDV
(c) XXXXXV
Answers:
(a) DCV

Question 15.
Put >, < or = in the box.
(1) CVI [          ] CLX
(2) CLXIX [          ] CLXXI
(3) XLIX [          ] XXXIX
(4) MMXVI [          ] MMXXVI
(5) LXX VII [          ] LVIII
(6) MCMXL [          ] MCMXLV
Answers:
(1) <
(2) <
(3) >
(4) <
(5) >
(6) <

Class 5 Maths Solution Maharashtra Board

• Roman Numerals Problem Set 1 Class 5 Maths Solutions
• Number Work Problem Set 2 Class 5 Maths Solutions
• Number Work Problem Set 3 Class 5 Maths Solutions
• Number Work Problem Set 4 Class 5 Maths Solutions
• Number Work Problem Set 5 Class 5 Maths Solutions 
• Number Work Problem Set 6 Class 5 Maths Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokvani Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 10 Hindi Chapter 1 Sondhi Sugandh Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Hindi Lokvani 10th Digest Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Questions And Answers

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए

(१) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

Answer:

(२) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

Answer:

(३) गीत में प्रयुक्त क्रियारूप लिखिए:

बाग-बगीचे, ताल-तलैया …………
Answer:
मुसकाएँ

झूम-झूमकर मस्ती में तरु गीत ………..
Answer:
सुनाएँ

मधुमास आस-विश्वास ………..
Answer:
किया

धरती ने ………….
Answer:
बढ़ाता

(४) उपसर्ग-प्रत्यय लगाकर शब्द लिखिए :

Answer:

अभिव्यक्ति

प्रस्तुत गीत की प्रथम चार पंक्तियों का भावार्थ लिखिए।
Answer:
वर्षा ऋतु के आगमन पर धरती पर बारिश की बूंदों का गिरना शुरू हो जाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती पर गिरकर मिट्टी को स्पर्श करती हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती हैं।

बारिश की बूंदों की अनुभूति से धरती प्रफुल्लित हो गई है। इसलिए जैसे ही बारिश थम जाती है; वैसे ही वह अपनी आँखें खोलती हैं। मोर को भी वर्षाऋत अत्यंत प्रिय है। अत: वह भी वर्षाऋत में खश होकर कह रहा है कि चारों ओर हरियाली ही हरियाली छा गई है। भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। बादल बरसने के बाद हरियाली-सा हरा वस्त्र धारण करने का धरती का जो सपना था; वह अब वह पूरा हो गया है।

भाषा बिंदु

वर्तनी के अनुसार शुद्ध शब्द छाँटकर लिखिए:

1. विश्वास/विशवास/विसवास ……..
2. मसतक/मस्थक/मस्तक ……….
3. पथ्थर/पथ्तर/पत्थर …………
4. कुरीति/कूरिति/कुरिती …………
5. चिन्ह/चीहन/चिह्न …………..
6. इकठठा/इकट्टा/इकट्ठा ………….
7. खुबसुरत/खूबसुरत/खूबसूरत …………
8. विदयापीठ/विद्यापीठ/विद्यापिठ ………….
9. बुद्धी/बुध्दी/बुद्धि ………….
10. परिक्षार्थि/परीक्षार्थि/परीक्षार्थी ………….

Answer:

1. विश्वास
2. मस्तक
3. पत्थर
4. कुरीति
5. चिह्न
6. इकट्ठा
7. खूबसूरत
8. विद्यापीठ
9. बुद्धि
10. परीक्षार्थी

उपयोजित लेखन

निम्नलिखित सुवचन पर आधारित कहानी लिखिए:

‘स्वास्थ्य ही संपदा है।’
Answer:
श्रीरामपुर गाँव में धनसुखलाल नाम का एक धनी व्यक्ति रहता था। वह बहुत ही कंजूस प्रवृत्ति का था। रईस होने के बावजूद भी वह स्वयं पर कभी भी पैसे खर्च नहीं करता था। वह दिन में सिर्फ एक वक्त का भोजन करता था। इतना ही नहीं वह अपने परिवार वालों पर भी धन खर्च नहीं करता था। उसकी कंजूसी के कारण उसका परिवार प्रतिदिन भूखे पेट ही सोता था। एक दिन धनसुखलाल बीमार पड़ गया।

भरपेट खाना न खाने के कारण उसका शरीर कमजोर हो गया था। उसकी शक्ति कम हो गई थी। परिवार के लोग उसे डॉक्टर के पास ले जाना चाहते थे। लेकिन डॉक्टर के पास जाकर काफी रूपया खर्च हो जाएगा। इसलिए उसने घरेलू औषधियों लेना प्रारंभ कर दिया। आहिस्ता-आहिस्ता उसका शरीर अत्यधिक अस्वस्थ और कमजोर हो गया।

यहाँ तक कि अब उठकर चलने की शक्ति भी उसमें शेष नहीं थी। फिर भी वह डॉक्टर के पास जाने के लिए राजी नहीं हुआ। उसी शाम गाँव में एक महात्मा आए। उन्होंने धनसुखलाल के बारे में सुना और वे स्वयं उसे मिलने गए। महात्मा को देखकर धनसुखलाल ने सोचा कि यह महात्मा उसका इलाज कर देंगे। उसने आशा से महात्मा को प्रणाम किया। महात्मा ने उसे स्पष्ट कहा – ‘मूर्ख धनसुखलाल, मैं तुम्हारा भविष्य जानता हूँ। यदि तुम अभी डॉक्टर के पास नहीं जाओगे; तो कल सुबह तक तुम्हारी मृत्यु निश्चित है।’

महात्मा की भविष्यवाणी सुनकर धनसुखलाल के हाथ-पाँव काँपने लगे और महात्मा को प्रणाम करके वह तुरंत अपने परिवार वालों के साथ डॉक्टर के पास चला गया। डॉक्टर ने पूरी निष्ठा से उसका इलाज किया। कुछ दिनों के बाद वह ठीक हो गया। अब उसकी समझ में आ गया था कि ‘स्वास्थ्य ही संपदा होती है।’ सीख : स्वास्थ्य से बढ़कर दूसरी कोई संपत्ति नहीं होती। व्यक्ति को अपने स्वास्थ्य का सदैव ध्यान रखना चाहिए।

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Textbook Solutions Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति अ (१): आकलन कृति

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

‘सदियों का जो सपना है हो जाए पूरा।’ इससे आप समझते हैं
Answer:
भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। अब बारिश के आने से वह फिर से हरी-भरी हो जाएगी।

कृति अ (२) : शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ पद्यांश में से ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।

1. मेघ
2. मोर
3. मृदा
4. ख्वाब

Answer:

1. बादल
2. मयूरा
3. माटी
4. सपना

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. सुगंध x ……..
2. पूरा x ………

Answer:

1. सुगंध x दुर्गंध
2. पूरा x अधूरा

वचन बदलिए।

1. सदी
2. हरियाली
3. टोली
4. आँखें

Answer:

1. सदियाँ
2. हरियालियाँ
3. टोलियाँ
4. आँख

निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द का तद्भव रूप लिखिए।

1. मयूर
2. हरित

Answer:

1. मोर
2. हरा या हरी

निम्नलिखित शब्द का देशज व तत्सम शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
मिट्टी
Answer:
देशज शब्द : माटी, तत्सम शब्द: मृदा

कृति अ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

आपने पहली बारिश के बाद चारों और महकने वाली मिट्टी की सुगंध को जरूर महसूस किया होगा। उस वक्त जो अनुभूति हुई थी, उसे अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
Answer:
बारिश के पहले भीषण गरमी के कारण मिट्टी तपती है। जैसे ही वर्षा की पहली बूंदें धरती पर आती हैं, वैसे ही तपती हुई मिट्टी शीतलता का अनुभव करने लगती है। फिर उसमें से जो गंध उठती है, उसका क्या कहना? मिट्टी की सोंधी सुगंध सभी को आकर्षित करती है। मैं पिछले वर्ष बरसात शुरू होने से पहले अपने गाँव गया था। वहाँ पर मैंने पहली बरसात का अनुभव किया था। बारिश रुकते ही अचानक से सारा वातावरण मिट्टी की भीनी-भीनी सोंधी खुशबू से प्रफुल्लित हो उठा। मानो वह सोंधी महक मुझे बता रही थी कि हम सब उससे जुड़े हैं। हमारा शरीर भी उसी से बना है। आखिर मिट्टी हमें जीवन देती है। सचमुच मिट्टी की उस सोंधी महक ने मेरे चित्त को प्रसन्न कर दिया था। आज भी वह महक मेरे रोम-रोम में समाई हुई है। उस सोंधी महक को महसूस हुए मुझे मनुष्य और मिट्टी के बीच जो गहरा रिश्ता है इसका एहसास भी हुआ था।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

कृति आ (२) : शब्द संपदा

‘रोली’ शब्द का अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
Answer:
सिंदूर, प्रसिद्ध भूमि, हल्दी व चूने का चूर्ण

निम्नलिखित तद्भव शब्द का तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

1. माथा
2. पेड़

Answer:

1. मस्तक
2. तरु

वचन बदलिए।

1. बोली
2. रोली
3. झोली
4. बगीचा

Answer:

1. बोलियाँ
2. रोलियाँ
3. झोलियाँ
4. बगीचे

कृति आ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

‘बारिश के बाद प्रकृति में होने वाला परिवर्तन’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
वर्षा ऋतु समस्त ऋतुओं की रानी है। बारिश होते ही चारों ओर हरियाली छा जाती है। वर्षा होने से तालाबों और नहरों में पानी भर जाता है। सागर अपनी मस्ती में लहरों के साथ नर्तन करता रहता है। वर्षा से सूखे पेड़-पौधों में भी जीवन आ जाता है। संपूर्ण वातावरण खुशनुमा हो जाता है। मिट्टी से सोंधी महक आनी शुरू हो जाती है। यह महक हमारे चित्त को प्रसन्न कर देती है। बारिश के बाद कृषकों में उल्लास बढ़ जाता है और वे अपने खेतों में लगन के साथ जुट जाते हैं। मोर प्रसन्न होकर नाचने लगते हैं और मेंढक टर्र-टर्र की आवाज करते रहते हैं। इस प्रकार बारिश के बाद प्रकृति की शोभा देखने लायक होती है।

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति इ (१): आकलन कृति

Question 1.
सदा-सदा से यह चली आई है –
Answer:
हँसी-ठिठोली

Question 2.
यह नतमस्तक हो गए हैं –
Answer:
कवि ‘अचूक’

निम्नलिखित शब्द पढ़कर ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए कि जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हों

Question 1.
माटी
Answer:
सोंधी-सौंधी-सी सुगंध किससे बात कर रही है?

Question 2.
मधुमास
Answer:
कवि ने पावस को किसकी उपमा दी है। (३) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

कृति इ (२) : शब्द संपदा

पद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
आस-विश्वास,
सदा-सदा,
हँसी-ठिठोली,
सोंधी-सौंधी-सी

निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द का तद्भव रूप लिखिए।

1. पद
2. मास

Answer:

1. पाँव या पैर
2. महीना

निम्नलिखित तद्भव शब्द का तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

1. हँसी

Answer:

1. हास्य

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची लिखिए।

1. मधुमास
2. पुष्प
3. आस
4. नत

Answer:

1. वसंत ऋतु
2. फूल
3. आशा
4. विनीत

कृति इ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

‘मनुष्य जीवन में वर्षा का महत्त्व’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
हमारा भारत देश कृषिप्रधान देश है। यदि बारिश समय पर न होगी, तो सूखा या दुर्भिक्ष (अकाल) की स्थिति निर्माण होने में देर नहीं लगेगी। वर्ष के बारह महीने में से तीन या चार महीनों तक लगातार बारिश होने के कारण प्रकृति का संतुलन बना रहता है। जल के बिना मनुष्य जीवन संभव नहीं। इसलिए हमारे जीवन में वर्षा का अत्यधिक महत्त्व है। वर्षा का मौसम तपती गरमी से राहत दिलाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती के बढ़े हुए तापमान को अपने अंदर समा लेती हैं। वर्षाकाल में लोग वर्षा का आनंद लेने के लिए पिकनिक मनाते हैं। वर्षा में सूखे हए तालाब, कुएँ और नदियाँ फिर से भर जाती हैं। इस कारण पूरे वर्ष तक मनुष्य को पीने के लिए पानी उपलब्ध होता है।

सोंधी सुगंध Summary in Hindi

सोंधी सुगंध कवि-परिचय

जीवन-परिचय : डॉ. कृपाशंकर शर्मा जी का जन्म उत्तर प्रदेश के एटा शहर में हुआ। हिंदी साहित्य में इन्हें ‘अचूक’ इस उपनाम से जाना
जाता है। इन्हें बालगीतकार एवं बालकहानीकार के रूप में अधिक जाना जाता है। इन्होंने कविता के विविध अंगों को सूक्ष्मता से जाना-पहचाना है। गीत, गजल, कविता एवं दोहे इनकी रचना का प्रमुख विषय रहे हैं। समीक्षा के क्षेत्र में भी इनका कार्य उल्लेखनीय हैं। पत्रकारिता के क्षेत्र में भी इनकी सक्रियता रही है।

प्रमुख कृतियाँ : ‘फिर भी कहना शेष रह गया’, ‘नदी उफान भरे’ (गीत संग्रह), ‘गीत खुशी के गाओ तुम’ (बालगीत संग्रह) आदि।

सोंधी सुगंध पद्य-परिचय

गीत : गीत हिंदी साहित्य की एक लोकप्रिय विधा है। स्वर, पद और ताल से युक्त जो गान होता है, वह ‘गीत’ कहलाता है। इसमें एक मुखड़ा तथा कुछ अंतरे होते हैं। प्रत्येक अंतरे के बाद मुखड़े को दोहराया जाता है। इसमें गेयता विद्यमान होती है।

प्रस्तावना : ‘सोंधी सुगंध’ इस गीत में कवि डॉ. कृपाशंकर शर्मा ‘अचूक’ जी ने वर्षा ऋतु का आगमन होने पर प्रकृति में छाई प्रसन्नता एवं खुशहाली का बड़ा ही सजीव एवं मनोहारी वर्णन किया है। वर्षा ऋतु में प्रकृति के विविध रूपों में होनेवाले परिवर्तन का अत्यंत आहलाददायी वर्णन प्रस्तुत कविता में किया गया है।

सोंधी सुगंध सारांश

प्रस्तुत कविता के माध्यम से स्पष्ट किया गया है कि प्रत्येक ऋतु का अपना महत्त्व और अपनी विशेषता है। भीषण गर्मी के कारण तापमान बढ़ता है। सभी भीषण गर्मी से व्याकुल हो जाते हैं। वर्षा तपती गर्मी से राहत दिलाती है। छम-छम करता हुआ पानी देख सबके चेहरे पर रौनक आ जाती है। पहली बारिश की बूंदें धरती को स्पर्श करती हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती हैं। वह वर्षा के कारण प्रकृति के विविध रूपों, वन्य-जीव, पेड़-पौधों, नदी-तालाबों आदि में होने वाले परिवर्तनों से सभी को रूबरू कराती हैं। वर्षा ऋतु एक प्रेरणादायी ऋतु है। वह प्रत्येक मानव के मन में आस एवं विश्वास भर देती है। इसलिए सदियों से वर्षा का स्वागत होता आ रहा है। सदियों से वर्षा के आगमन पर लोग खुश होते हैं और होते रहेंगे।

सोंधी सुगंध शब्दार्थ

• सोंधी – सुगंधित
• रोली – हल्दी-चूने का चूर्ण
• मंसूबा – विचार, इरादा
• मधुमास – वसंत ऋतु
• माटी – मिट्टी
• धरती – पृथ्वी
• मयूरा – मोर
• टोली – दल
• ताल-तलैया – तालाब-झरने
• पवन – हवा
• तरू – पेड़
• ‘अचूक’ – कवि का उपनाम

सोंधी सुगंध भावार्थ

सोंधी-सौंधी-सी …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा ऋतु के आगमन पर धरती पर बारिश की बूंदों का गिरना शुरू हो जाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती पर गिरकर मिट्टी को स्पर्श करती। हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती है। बारिश की बूंदों की अनुभूति से धरती प्रफुल्लित हो गई है। इसलिए जैसे ही बारिश थम जाती है; वैसे ही वह अपनी आँखें खोलती हैं। मोर को भी वर्षाऋतु अत्यंत प्रिय है।

अत: वह भी वर्षाऋतु में खुश होकर कह रहा है कि चारों ओर हरियाली ही हरियाली छा गई है। भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। बादल बरसने के बाद हरियाली-सा हरा वस्त्र धारण करने का धरती का जो सपना था; वह अब पूरा हो गया है। भला वर्षा के आगमन से कौन खुश नहीं होता?

प्रकृति के सभी अपादान अपनी-अपनी टोली में एकत्रित होकर आनंद व्यक्त कर रहे हैं। वर्षाऋतु के इस सुहावने व मनभावन मौसम में कोई भी अकेला रहना नहीं चाहता। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

बाग बगीचे …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा के आगमन से प्रकृति का प्रत्येक अंग हर्षित एवं प्रफुल्लित हो उठा है। बाग-बगीचे, ताल-तलैया आदि सब मुस्करा रहे हैं। पेड़ भी बरसात के मौसम में अपनी मस्ती में झूम रहे हैं। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि वे खुशी के गीत गा रहे हैं। वर्षा का साथ पाकर पवन भी आनंदविभोर हो गया है। उसने अपनी ठंड हवा की झोली प्रसन्न होकर खोल दी है। जिससे वातावरण और अधिक खुशनुमा हो गया है। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

सागर का जो …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा के आगमन से सागर की अपनी खुशी का इरादा भी सफल हो गया है। वह खुशी के उफान से भर गया है। सागर वर्षाऋतु में अपनी ही खुशियों की दुनिया में खो गया है। अत: वह अपनी लहरों के साथ नृत्य कर रहा है। वर्षा के आगमन के कारण धरती ने अपने तन पर हरियालीयुक्त हरित वस्त्र का परिधान धारण किया। धरती ने अपने मस्तक पर रोली लगाई है। वर्षा-उत्सव के लिए उसने श्रृंगार किया है।

सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

पावस का मधुमास …………………………. माटी से बोली।

पावस का मधुमास यानी वर्षाऋतु में वसंत जिस प्रकार वसंत ऋतु में वृक्षों पर नए पत्ते एवं फूल आते हैं। वैसे ही वर्षा ऋतु में प्रकृति सजती-संवरती है। सर्वत्र आनंद व्याप्त होता है। वर्षा ऋतु प्रत्येक मानव के मन में आस एवं विश्वास भर देती है। कवि भी वर्षा के इस आनंद से अछूते नहीं है। वह भी वर्षा ऋतु के सामने नतमस्तक होकर उसके स्वागत में पुष्प अर्पण करते हैं।

यह तो प्रतिवर्ष आने वाला उत्सव है। सदियों से वर्षा का स्वागत होता आ रहा है। सदियों से वर्षा के आगमन पर लोग खुश होते हैं और होते रहेंगे। यह हँसी-ठिठोली सदा से चलती आ रही है। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest पहली इकाई

• सोंधी सुगंध Question Answer
• खोया हुआ आदमी Question Answer
• सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द Question Answer
• जिन ढूँढ़ा Question Answer
• अनोखे राष्ट्रपति Question Answer
• ऐसा भी होता है (पठनार्थ) Question Answer
• दो लघुकथाएँ Question Answer
• कर्मवीर Question Answer

Std 9 Hindi Chapter 1 Chandni Raat Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Hindi Solutions Lokbharti Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Hindi Lokbharti 9th Digest Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Questions And Answers

Hindi Lokbharti 9th Std Digest Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Textbook Questions and Answers

1. सूचनानुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

(क) संजाल:

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल:

उत्तर:

(ख) चाँदनी रात की विशेषताएँ:

प्रश्न 1.
चाँदनी रात की विशेषताएँ:
उत्तर:

1. सुंदर चंद्रमा की झिलमिलाती किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं।
2. पृथ्वी और आकाश में स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है।
3. हरी-हरी घास की नोकों के माध्यम से पृथ्वी अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है।
4. सभी वृक्ष मंद-मंद वायु के झोंकों से झूमते प्रतीत होते हैं।
5. दूर-दूर तक फैली चाँदनी बहुत ही साफ दिखाई दे रही है।
6. रात सन्नाटे से भरी है, कोई शोर नहीं हो रहा है।
7. वायु स्वच्छंद होकर मंद-मंद गति से बह रही है।
8. इस समय पूर्व, पश्चिम आदि सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है।

2. निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का सरल अर्थ लिखिए :

प्रश्न च.
चारु चंद्र ……….. झोंकों से ।
उत्तर:
भावार्थ: गुप्त जी चाँदनी रात का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि सुंदर चंद्रमा की किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं। संपूर्ण पृथ्वी तथा आकाश में स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है। पृथ्वी हरी-हरी घास की नोकों के माध्यम से अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है, मानो वृक्ष भी मंद-मंद वायु के झोंकों से झूम रहे हैं।

प्रश्न छ.
क्या ही स्वच्छ ………. शांत और चुपचाप ।
उत्तर:
भावार्थ: पंचवटी में दूर-दूर तक चाँदनी फैली हुई है, वह बहुत ही साफ दिखाई दे रही है। रात सन्नाटे से भरी है। कोई शब्द नहीं हो रहा है। वायु स्वच्छंद होकर अपनी स्वतंत्र चाल से मंद-मंद बह रही है। इस समय कौन-सी दिशा है जो आनंद नहीं ले रही है? अर्थात सभी दिशाएँ इस सौंदर्य से आनंदित हो रही हैं। उत्तरपश्चिम आदि सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है। कोई भी दिशा आनंद-शून्य नहीं है। ऐसे समय में भी नियति नामक शक्ति-विशेष के समस्त कार्य संपन्न हो रहे हैं। कोई रुकावट नहीं। वह एक भाव से अर्थात् अकेले-अकेले और चुपचाप अपने कर्तव्यों का निर्वाह किए जा रही है।

पाठ से आगे

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तर:
आकाश केवल बिजली नहीं चमकाता
पर्वत केवल चोटियाँ नहीं दिखलाता
पृथ्वी केवल भूकंप नहीं लाती
तारे केवल टिमटिमाते नहीं
वैसे ही, हाँ वैसे ही
मन में सिर्फ विचार नहीं आते
बल्कि विश्वास,
आस्था, प्रकाश, उदासी की
एक पावन श्रृंखला भी आती है।
जो मनुष्य को मनुष्य से जोड़कर
मानवता के एकसूत्र में बाँधती है।

संभाषणीय :

शरद पूर्णिमा त्योहार के बारे में चर्चा कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
शरद पूर्णिमा त्योहार के बारे में चर्चा कीजिए।
उत्तरः

• गौरी – अरे राधिका, आज बहुत फूल-माला खरीद रही हो, क्या बात है?
• राधिका – गौरी तुम्हें मालूम नहीं कि आज शरद पूर्णिमा की रात होगी।
• गौरी – अरे! मैं तो भूल ही गई थी।
• राधिका – क्या तुम्हें मालूम है, यह त्योहार कब मनाया जाता है?
• गौरी – हाँ, मालूम है, शरदीय नवरात्र के बाद पड़ने वाली पूर्णिमा को यह त्योहार मनाते हैं। परंतु इस त्योहार की क्या मान्यता है?
• राधिका – ‘शरद पूर्णिमा’ हिंदुओं का प्रसिद्ध त्योहार है। ज्योतिष के अनुसार, पूरे साल में केवल इसी दिन चंद्रमा सोलह कलाओं से परिपूर्ण होता है। ऐसी मान्यता भी है कि आश्विन शुक्ल पक्ष में पड़ने वाली पूर्णिमा के दिन चंद्रमा से अमृत वर्षा होती है।
• गौरी – राधिका, इस त्योहार के दिन किसकी व्रत-पूजा होती है?
• राधिका – गौरी, इस दिन माँ लक्ष्मी का व्रत रखते हैं । पूरे वर्ष हम स्वस्थ और सुख-शांति से रहें, इसके लिए हम उनकी पूजा-अर्चना करते हैं।
• गौरी – इसकी पूजा की विधि क्या है , राधिका?
• राधिका – इस दिन मूर्ति बनाने वाले कारीगर के पास से एक लक्ष्मी की मूर्ति लाते हैं। पाँच तरह के फल व सब्जियों के साथ नारियल अर्पित कर उनकी पूजा करते हैं तथा उस मूर्ति को पूरे साल सँभाल कर रखते हैं। अगले वर्ष फिर शरद पूर्णिमा के दिन उस मूर्ति को विसर्जित कर नई प्रतिमा रखते हैं। इस दिन मंदिरों में भी विशेष पूजा-अर्चना होती है।
• गौरी – तुमसे मिलकर बहुत प्रसन्नता हुई। इतनी अच्छी जानकारी देने के लिए धन्यवाद!

भाषा बिंदु :

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश का भावार्थ लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश का भावार्थ लिखिए।

उत्तरः

Hindi Lokbharti 9th Answers Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Additional Important Questions and Answers

पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति (1) आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए।
i. ये अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है
ii. ये वायु के झोंकों से झूम रहे हैं
उत्तर:
i. पृथ्वी
ii. वृक्ष

प्रश्न 2.
चौखट पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
चौखट पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
समझकर लिखिए।
i. पंचवटी की छाया में बना है
ii. धनुर्धर इस पर बैठा हुआ है
उत्तर:
i. पर्णकुटीर
ii. स्वच्छ शिला पर

कृति (2) आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
सही शब्द चुनकर वाक्य फिर से लिखिए।
i. क्या ही स्वच्छ/सुगंध चाँदनी है यह।
ii. नियति नदी/नटी के कार्य-कलाप।
उत्तरः
i. क्या ही स्वच्छ चाँदनी है यह।
ii. नियति नटी के कार्य-कलाप ।

प्रश्न 3.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 4.
सत्य या असत्य पहचानकर लिखिए।
i. पंचवटी में अंधेरी रात है।
ii. सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है।
उत्तर:
i. असत्य
ii. सत्य कृति

प्रश्न 5.
चौखट पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 6.
सत्य या असत्य पहचानकर लिखिए।
i. पृथ्वी मोतियों को समेट लेती है।
ii. सूर्य सबेरा होने पर मोतियों को बिखेर देता है।
उत्तर:
i. असत्य
ii. असत्य

प्रश्न 7.
एक-एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए।
i. सबके सो जाने पर मोती ये बिखेरती है
ii. सुबह होने पर मोतियों को ये बटोर लेता है
उत्तर:
i. वसुंधरा
ii. रवि

प्रश्न 8.
सत्य या असत्य पहचानकर लिखिए।
i. कुटीर पत्थरों का बना है।
ii. कुटीर में धौर-वीर निर्भीक मनवाला युवक बैठा है।
उत्तर:
i. असत्य
ii. असत्य

कृति (3) भावार्थ

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश का भावार्थ लिखिए ।

प्रश्न 1.
है बिखेर देती ……………………… छलकता है।।
भावार्थ:
चाँदनी रात में पृथ्वी सबके सो जाने पर ओस रूपी मोतियों को बिखेर देती है। सूर्य हमेशा सुबह होने पर उन मोतियों को अपनी किरणों से बटोर लेता है और अस्त होने से पहले ही वह आराम प्रदान करने वाली संध्या देकर चला जाता है। मानो आकाश को साँवला शरीर देकर वह अपना नया-सा रूप छलका जाता है।

प्रश्न 2.
पंचवटी की ………………………… होता है।।
भावार्थः
कवि कहता है कि पंचवटी की घनी छाया में पत्तों की एक सुंदर कुटिया बनी हुई है। इस कुटिया के सामने एक स्वच्छ तथा विशाल पत्थर पड़ा हुआ है और उस पत्थर के ऊपर धैर्यशाली, निर्भय मनवाला पुरुष बैठा हुआ है। सारा संसार सो रहा है परंतु यह धनुषधारी इस समय भी जाग रहा है। यह वीर ऐसा दिखाई पड़ता है जैसे भोग करनेवाला कामदेव यहाँ योगी बनकर आ बैठा हो।

लेखनीय :

प्रश्न 1.
प्रकृति मनुष्य की मित्र है’, स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तरः
संदर्भ के लिए परिच्छेद (4) का स्वमत देखिए।

कल्पना पल्टन :

प्रश्न 1.
पुलक प्रगट करती है धरती हरित तणों की ‘नोकों से’ इस पंक्ति का कल्पना विस्तार कीजिए।
उत्तरः
चाँदनी रात में धरती से लेकर आकाश तक पूरी प्रकृति सुंदर और स्वच्छ किरणों में सराबोर है। धरती का कण-कण इन किरणों से दिप्त हो रहा है। धरती पर फैली हुई हरी-हरी घास की नोकों पर ओस की बूंदें पड़ी हैं, जिस पर चाँद की उज्ज्वल किरणें पड़ने से वे मोतियों की तरह चमक रही हैं। इनको देखकर ऐसा लगता है मानों धरती इन घास की नोकों पर चमकने वाली मोतियों के माध्यम से अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही हैं।

पद्य-विश्लेषण :

कविता का नाम – चाँदनी रात
कविता की विधा – खंडकाव्य
पसंदीदा पंक्ति – चारू चंद्र की चंचल किरणें खेल रही हैं जल-थल में। स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है अवनि और अंबर तल में।

पसंदीदा होने का कारण –
उपर्युक्त पंक्ति मेरी पसंदीदा पंक्ति है क्योंकि उसमें ‘च’ वर्ष की बार-बार पुनरावृत्ति होने से अनुमास अलंकार की छटा दिखलाई दे रही है। इस कारण कविता के सौंदर्य में वृद्धि हो गई है।

कविता से प्राप्त संदेश या प्रेरणा –
प्रस्तुत कविता से प्रेरणा यह मिलती है कि व्यक्ति को चाँदनी रात की तरह अपना जीवन सुंदर बनाना चाहिए। मनुष्य को प्रकृति के प्रति कृतज्ञ रहना चाहिए। प्रकृति मनुष्य के जीवन को शक्ति एवं आनंद प्रदान करती है। अत: उसे प्रकृति के साथ खिलवाड़ नहीं करना चाहिए। प्रकृति के संतुलन को बनाए रखने के लिए व्यक्ति को पेड़ लगाने चाहिए।

चाँदनी रात Summary in Hindi

कवि-परिचय:

जीवन-परिचय: मैथिलीशरण गुप्त जी खड़ी बोली के महत्त्वपूर्ण कवि हैं। इनका जन्म उत्तर प्रदेश में झाँसी जिले के चिरगाँव में हुआ। 12 वर्ष की अवस्था में उन्होंने ब्रजभाषा में कविता की रचना आरंभ की। उनकी रचनाएँ पवित्रता, नैतिकता, मानवीय संवेदनाओं और विशेषकर नारी के प्रति करुणा की भावना से ओतप्रोत हैं। उनकी रचनाओं से प्रसन्न होकर गाँधी जी ने उन्हें ‘राष्ट्रकवि’ की उपाधि दी। 12 दिसंबर 1964 ई. को दिल का दौरा पड़ने के कारण इनका निधन हो गया।
प्रमुख कृतियाँ: महाकाव्य – ‘साकेत’, खंडकाव्य – ‘यशोधरा’, ‘जयद्रथ वध’, ‘पंचवटी’, ‘भारत-भारती’, नाटक – ‘रंग में भंग’, ‘राजा-प्रजा’ आदि।

पद्य-परिचय:

खंडकाव्य: खंडकाव्य में मानव जीवन की किसी एक ही घटना की प्रधानता होती है। प्रासंगिक कथाओं को इसमें स्थान नहीं मिलता।
प्रस्तावना: प्रस्तुत कविता ‘चाँदनी रात’ पंचवटी खंडकाव्य से ली गई है। कवि मैथिलीशरण गुप्त जी ने इस कविता में प्रकृति की छटा का सुंदर रूप बड़े ही माधुर्य के साथ अभिव्यंजित किया है तथा चाँदनी रात का मनोहारी वर्णन सुंदर शब्दों में चित्रित किया है।

सारांश:

कवि चाँदनी रात का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि चंद्रमा की किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं। पृथ्वी से लेकर आकाश तक सर्वत्र चाँदनी बिछी हुई है। पूरी प्रकृति चाँदनी में सराबोर है। रात सन्नाटे में डूबी हुई है। वायु स्वच्छंद होकर मंद-मंद बह रही है। सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है। नियति चुपचाप अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन कर रही है। ऐसे में पंचवटी की छटा बहुत ही निराली प्रतीत होती है। उसकी घनी छाया में पत्तों की एक सुंदर कुटिया बनी हुई है। इसके सामने स्वच्छ शिला के ऊपर धैर्यशाली, निडर मनवाला एक पुरुष बैठा हुआ है। यह वीर ऐसा दिखाई पड़ता है जैसे कामदेव योगी बनकर बैठा है।

भावार्थ:

चारु चंद्र की …………………………. झोंकों से।।
गुप्त जी चाँदनी रात का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि सुंदर चंद्रमा की किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं। संपूर्ण पृथ्वी तथा आकाश में स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है। पृथ्वी हरी-हरी घास की नोकों के माध्यम से अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है, मानो वृक्ष भी
मंद-मंद वायु के झोंकों से झूम रहे हैं।

क्या ही स्वच्छ ………………………….. और चुपचाप।।
पंचवटी में दूर-दूर तक चाँदनी फैली हुई है, वह बहुत ही साफ दिखाई दे रही है। रात सन्नाटे से भरी है। कोई शब्द नहीं हो रहा है। वायु स्वच्छंद होकर अपनी स्वतंत्र चाल से मंद-मंद बह रही है । इस समय कौन-सी दिशा है जो आनंद नहीं ले रही है ? अर्थात सभी दिशाएँ इस सौंदर्य से आनंदित हो रही हैं। उत्तर-पश्चिम आदि सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है। कोई भी दिशा आनंद-शून्य नहीं है। ऐसे समय में भी नियति नामक शक्ति-विशेष के समस्त कार्य संपन्न हो रहे हैं। कोई रुकावट नहीं। वह एक भाव से अर्थात् अकेले-अकेले और चुपचाप अपने कर्तव्यों का निर्वाह किए जा रही है।

है बिखेर देती …………………………… छलकाता है।।
चाँदनी रात में पृथ्वी सबके सो जाने पर ओस रूपी मोतियों को बिखेर देती है। सूर्य हमेशा सुबह होने पर उन मोतियों को अपनी किरणों . से बटोर लेता है और अस्त होने से पहले ही वह आराम प्रदान करने वाली संध्या देकर चला जाता है। मानो आकाश को साँवला शरीर देकर वह अपना नया-सा रूप छलका जाता है।

पंचवटी की ……….. …………….. होता है।।
कवि कहते है कि पंचवटी की घनी छाया में पत्तों की एक सुंदर कुटिया बनी हुई है। इस कुटिया के सामने एक स्वच्छ तथा विशाल पत्थर पड़ा हुआ है और उस पत्थर के ऊपर धैर्यशाली, निर्भय मनवाला पुरुष बैठा हुआ है। सारा संसार सो रहा है परंतु यह धनुषधारी कौन है जो इस समय भी जाग रहा है? यह वीर ऐसा दिखाई पड़ता है जैसे भोग करनेवाला कामदेव यहाँ योगी बनकर आ बैठा हो।

शब्दार्थ:

1. चारु – सुंदर
2. थल – धरती
3. स्वच्छ – साफ, निर्मल
4. चाँदनी – चंद्रमा की किरणें
5. अवनि – धरती
6. अंबर – आकाश
7. पुलक – खुशी,रोमांच
8. तृण – घास
9. झूम – झूमना
10. तरु – पेड़
11. निस्तब्ध – सन्नाटे से भरी
12. निशा – रात
13. स्वच्छंद – स्वतंत्र
14. सुमंद – मंद-मंद
15. गंधवाह – वायु
16. निरानंद – आनंदरहित
17. नियति – नियतिरूपी
18. नटी – नर्तकी
19. कार्य-कलाप – क्रिया-कलाप, गतिविधि
20. एकांत – सुनसान, विरान
21. वसुंधरा – धरती
22. विरामदायिनी – आराम देने वाली
23. शून्य – आकाश
24. श्याम तनु – साँवला शरीर
25. पर्ण कुटीर – पत्तों की कुटिया
26. सम्मुख – सामने
27. शिला – चट्टान, पत्थर
28. निर्भीक मना – निडर मन वाला
29. भुवन – संपूर्ण संसार
30. भोगी – भोग करनेवाला
31. कुसुमायुध – कामदेव
32. योगी – तपस्वी
33. दृष्टिगत – जो दिखाई पड़ता है

Hindi Lokbharti 9th Digest Answers Pdf पहली इकाई

• चाँदनी रात Question Answer
• बिल्ली का बिलुंगड़ा Question Answer
• कबीर (पूरक पठन) Question Answer
• किताबें Question Answer
• जूलिया Question Answer
• ऐ सखि ! (पूरक पठन) Question Answer
• डाॅक्‍टर का अपहरण Question Answer
• वीरभूमि पर कुछ दिन Question Answer
• वरदान माँगूँगा नही Question Answer
• रात का चौकीदार (पूरक पठन) Question Answer
• निर्माणों के पावन युग में Question Answer

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 1 सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 9 Marathi Aksharbharati Chapter 1 सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा Question Answer Maharashtra Board

सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा Std 9 Marathi Chapter 9 Questions and Answers

कवीचा परिचय :

नाव : विष्णु वामन शिरवाडकर
कालावधी : 1912 – 1999

ज्ञानपीठ पारितोषिक विजेते, प्रसिद्ध लेखक, कवी, नाटककार. ‘जीवनलहरी’, विशाखा’, ‘समिधा’, ‘स्वगत’, ‘हिमरेषा’, ‘वादळवेल’, ‘मारवा’, ‘किनारा’ इत्यादी काव्यसंग्रह; ‘वैजयंती’, ‘राजमुकुट’, ‘कौतेय’, ‘नटसम्राट’, ‘वीज महणाली धरतीला’, ‘विदूषक’ इत्यादी नाटके प्रसिद्ध.

प्रस्तावना :

‘सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा’ ही प्रार्थना कवी कुसुमाग्रज यांनी लिहिली आहे. या प्रार्थनेत परमेश्वरास वंदन करून अंधारातून उजेडाकडे नेण्याची, संकटातही सामना करण्याची शक्ती देण्याची विनंती कवीने केली आहे.

A famous poet Kusumagraj has written the prayer Sarvatmaka Shivsundara’. In this prayer, the poet is seeking guidance from the almighty God. He is asking the Lord to bestow upon him the strength to survive in all tough, difficult situations. He is asking the God to transport him from the darkness of everyday life to enlightenment

भावार्थ :

सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा …………………….. आमुच्या ने जीवना।।
हे सर्व प्राणीमात्रांच्या ठिकाणी असलेल्या शिवसुंदरा परमेश्वरा, तू आमचे वंदन स्वीकार कर. हे परमेश्वरा, तू आमच्या जीवनाला अंधाराकडून प्रकाशाकडे घेऊन जा. आमच्या जीवनाला योग्य मार्ग दाखव.

सुमनांत तू गगनात …………………….. चोहीकडे रूपे तुझी जाणीव ही माझ्या मना ।।
हे परमेश्वरा, सुमनात म्हणजेच प्रत्येक फुलात, गगनात तूच सामावलेला आहे. तान्यांमध्ये देखील तू फुललेला म्हणजेच भरलेला, व्यापलेला आहेस. या जगामध्ये जे जे सद्धमनि वागतात त्या सर्वांमध्ये तू राहतोस. या सृष्टीमध्ये चोहीकडे तुझीच रूपे आहेत, याची मला जाणीव आहे.

श्रमतोस तू शेतामधे ……………………. तिथे तुझे पद पावना ।।
हे परमेश्वरा, शेतामध्ये त्या कष्ट करणाऱ्या लोकांबरोबर तू स्वत: मेहनत करतोस. या जगामध्ये जे जे दुःखी, कष्टी जीवनाने त्रासलेले आहेत, त्या लोकांची आसवे तू पुसतोस. म्हणजेच या सर्वांचे दुःख, त्रास तू दूर करतोस. जिथे कोणत्याही स्वार्थाशिवाय तुझी सेवा केली जाते, तिथे तुझे पावन चरण पाहायला मिळतात. तिथे तुझे अस्तित्व जाणवते.

न्यायार्थ जे लढती रणी………………….मुनी होतोस त्यांची साधना।।
पुढे कवी सांगतात की, जे लोक अन्यायाविरुद्ध लढतात, न्यायासाठी तलवार हातात घेऊन रणांगणावर लवण्यासाठी जातात, त्यांच्या हातातल्या तलवारीमध्ये परमेश्वरा तू राहतोस. तसेच जे लोक ध्येयवेडे असतात. जे आपले ध्येय प्राप्त करण्यासाठी अंधारातून (संकटातून) ही मार्ग काढतात तू त्यांच्यामध्ये दीप बनून राहतोस. त्यांच्यात आत्मविश्वास, हिंमत निर्माण करतोस. म्हणजेच ध्येय प्राप्तीचा योग्य मार्ग तू त्यांना दाखवतोस. तसेच जे ज्ञानाची लालसा मनामध्ये धरून त्याची कास धरतात, त्यासाठी तप करतात, त्यांची ज्ञानसाधना तू होतोस.

करुणाकरा करुणा तुझी ………………. नित जगवि भीतीवाना।।
कवी परमेश्वराला सांगतो, हे करुणाकरा तुझा आशीर्वाद पाठीशी असताना मला कुठलीही भीती नाही. त्यामुळे आयुष्याच्या वाटेवर चालताना माझ्या प्रत्येक पावलाबरोबर तुझे पाऊल असेल, याची मला पक्की खात्री आहे. त्यामुळे माझ्याकडून नेहमीच सूजनत्व मणजेच नवनिर्मिती होईल. माझ्या मनात त्याविषयी कोणतीच भीती असणार नाही.

शब्दार्थ :

1. ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार – साहित्य क्षेत्रातील सर्वोत्कृष्ट पुरस्कार
2. सर्वात्मका – सर्व प्राणिमात्रांच्या ठिकाणी असलेला जीवात्मा, परमेश्वर (the soul of all, the entire self)
3. शिव – शंकर (God Shiva)
4. सुंदरा – सुंदर (beautiful)
5. स्वीकार – अंगीकार (acceptance)
6. अभिवादन – वंदन, नमन (salutation)
7. तिमिर – अंधार, काळोख (darkness)
8. तेज – प्रकाश, लकाकी (brightness)
9. प्रभु – ईश्वर, देव (God, Lord)
10. जीवन – आयुष्य (life)
11. सुमन – फूल (a flower)
12. गगन – आकाश, नभ (the sky)
13. तारा – चांदणी (star)
14. सद्धर्म – चांगला धर्म, सदाचार (good quality, good conduct)
15. जग – दुनिया, विश्व (the world, the universe)
16. वसणे – राहणे, वस्ती करणे (to establish, to stay)
17. चोहिकडे – सभोवार, सर्वत्र (everywhere, all round)
18. रूप – आकार (form, shape)
19. जाणीव – बोध, आकलन (consciousness, realization)
20. मन – चित्त, अंत:करण (the mind)
21. राबसी – राबतोस, भरपूर कष्ट करतोस (to work hard)
22. श्रमिक – कामकरी, कष्ट करणारा (a labour, a worker)
23. रंजले – त्रासले (to be harassed)
24. गांजणे – त्रासून जाणे, सतावले जाणे (to be harassed)
25. आसवे – अश्रू (tears)
26. स्वार्थ – स्वत:चा लाभ, मतलब (selfishness)
27. पद – पाय, पाऊल (a foot, a foot step)
28. न्याय – नीती (justice)
29. रण – रणभूमी, युद्धाची जागा, रणांगण (battlefield)
30. कर – हस्त, ह्यत (hand)
31. ध्येय – उद्दिष्ट, साध्य (a goal, an aim)
32. तमी – तम, अंधकार काळोख (darkness)
33. अंतरी – आतमध्ये (in interior)
34. ज्ञान – माहिती, प्रतिती (knowledge)
35. तपती – तपतात (experience burning, blazing, heat)
36. मुनि – ऋषी, साधू, तपस्वी (a holy sage)
37. साधना – तपश्चर्या (penance)
38. करुणा – दया (compassion, mercy)
39. भय – भीती, धास्ती (fear, fright)
40. मार्ग – रस्ता (way)
41. सदा – नेहमी (always)
42. तव – तुझे (yours)
43. पावले – पाऊले, पाय (feet)
44. सूजनत्व – नवनिर्मिती (creation)
45. नित – नेहमी, सदा (always, daily, everyday)
46. जगवि – जागव (to wake up)

9th Std Marathi Questions And Answers:

• सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा (प्रार्थना) Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (अ) भेटीलागी जीवा – संत तुकाराम Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (आ) संतकृपा झाली – संत बहिणाबाई Class 9 Question Answer
• ‘बेटा, मी ऐकतो आहे!’ Class 9 Question Answer
• जी. आय. पी. रेल्वे Class 9 Question Answer
• काझीरंगा (स्थूलवाचन) Class 9 Question Answer

Introduction to Partnership and Partnership Final Accounts 12th BK Commerce Chapter 1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Partnership and Partnership Final Accounts Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12 Commerce BK Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions

I. Objective Questions:

A. Select the most appropriate alternatives from the following and rewrite the sentences:

Question 1.
When there is no partnership agreement between partners, the division of profits takes place in ____________ ratio.
(a) equal
(b) capital ratio
(c) initial contribution
(d) experience and tenure of partners
Answer:
(a) equal

Question 2.
To find out Net Profit or Net Loss of the business ____________ Account is prepared.
(a) Trading
(b) Capital
(c) Current
(d) Profit & Loss
Answer:
(d) Profit & Loss

Question 3.
A ____________ is an Intangible Asset.
(a) Goodwill
(b) Stock
(c) Cash
(d) Furniture
Answer:
(a) Goodwill

Question 4.
In the absence of an agreement, interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm is allowed at the rate of ____________
(a) 5%
(b) 6%
(c) 10%
(d) 9%
Answer:
(b) 6%

Question 5.
Liability of partners in a partnership business is ____________
(a) limited
(b) unlimited
(c) limited and unlimited
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) unlimited

Question 6.
The Indian Partnership Act is in force since ____________
(a) 1932
(b) 1881
(c) 1956
(d) 1984
Answer:
(a) 1932

Question 7.
Maximum number of Partners in a firm are ____________ according to Companies Act, 2013.
(a) 10
(b) 25
(c) 20
(d) 50
Answer:
(d) 50

B. Write the word/phrase/term, which can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
Persons who form the partnership firm.
Answer:
Partners

Question 2.
Amount of cash or goods withdrawn by partners from the business from time to time.
Answer:
Drawings

Question 3.
An association of two or more persons according to Indian Partnership Act 1932.
Answer:
Partnership firm

Question 4.
Act under which partnership firms are regulated.
Answer:
Indian Partnership Act

Question 5.
Process of entering the name of the partnership firm in the register of the Registrar.
Answer:
Registration

Question 6.
Partnership agreement in written form.
Answer:
Partnership Deed

Question 7.
Under this method capital, balances of partners remain constant.
Answer:
Fixed Capital Method

Question 8.
Proportion in which partners share profit.
Answer:
Profit-Sharing Ratio

Question 9.
Such a capital method in which only Capital Account is maintained for each partner.
Answer:
Fluctuating Capital Method

Question 10.
The account to which all adjustments are made when capital is fixed.
Answer:
Current Account

Question 11.
Expenses that are paid before they are due.
Answer:
Prepaid expenses

Question 12.
The accounts are prepared at the end of each accounting year.
Answer:
Final Accounts

Question 13.
An asset that can be converted into cash easily.
Answer:
Current Assets or Liquid Assets

Question 14.
Order in which fixed assets are recorded first in the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
Order of liquidation

Question 15.
The account in which selling expenses of the business are recorded.
Answer:
Profit and Loss Account

Question 16.
Debit balance of Trading Account.
Answer:
Gross loss

Question 17.
The credit balance of Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Net profit

C. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons:

Question 1.
A partnership firm is a Non-Trading concern.
Answer:
This statement is False.
The main aim of a partnership firm Is to earn maximum profit. The partnership is a trading concern. It undertakes either manufacturing or distributive activities with the sole aim of earning profit and distribute that profit among the partners in a specific ratio. It is never formed for charitable purposes.

Question 2.
A profit and Loss Account is a Real Account.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Account of expenses, losses, gains, and incomes is called a Nominal account. The profit and Loss Account contains all indirect expenses and indirect incomes of the firm. Therefore, a Profit and Loss Account is a Nominal Account and not a real account.

Question 3.
Carriage inward is carriage on purchase.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Total transport expenses incurred on bringing the goods from market to the place of business is called the carriage. When goods are purchased, the carriage is supposed to be borne by the firm. It is known as carriage inward. It means carriage paid on purchase.

Question 4.
Adjustments are recorded in Partners Current Account in Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
This statement is True.
In Fixed Capital Method, as the name suggests capital balances (opening and closing) are generally remain fixed. Under this method, adjustments are not to be recorded in Capital Account. All adjustments are recorded in a separate account called Partners’ Current Accounts.

Question 5.
Prepaid expenses are treated as liabilities.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Prepaid expenses are expenses that are paid before they are due. Therefore, they are considered an asset of the business organization.

Question 6.
If the partnership deed is silent, partners share profits and losses in proportion to their capital.
Answer:
This statement is False.
As per the provisions made under the Indian Partnership Act 1932, when a partnership deed is silent about profit and loss sharing ratio, partners are supposed to share profits and losses in equal proportion, and not in their capital ratio.

Question 7.
Balance Sheet is an Account.
Answer:
This statement is False.
A financial statement showing all assets and liabilities is called a Balance sheet. It is not an account. It is a position statement that shows various assets owned by the firm and various liabilities owned by it. On the left-hand side, all liabilities are listed and on the right-hand side, all assets are recorded.

Question 8.
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a Revenue expenditure.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a capital expenditure and therefore it is added to the cost of machinery. It is generally, paid once in a life of an asset. It is a long-term and capital expenditure.

Question 9.
Income received in advance is a liability.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When Income in respect to next year, it received in the current year, it is known as income received in advance. So, in next year firm will not be able to receive that amount and therefore it is considered as a liability for the current year.

Question 10.
R.D.D. is created on Creditors.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
R.D.D. stands for Reserve for Doubtful Debts. It is created on the value of debtors. Such provision is made against profit and loss accounts. In the future, if the loss is incurred on account of bad debts, such an amount is used to run the business.

Question 11.
Depreciation is not calculated on Current Assets.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Current Assets mean liquid assets having no fixed tenure therefore depreciation cannot be calculated on it. Depreciation is calculated and charged on fixed assets for their use, wear and tear, etc.

Question 12.
Goodwill is an intangible asset.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Goodwill is a reputation of business computed in terms of money. Reputation can be experienced but can’t be seen or felt. Therefore, Goodwill is an intangible asset.

Question 13.
Indirect expenses are debited to Trading Account.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
Indirect expenses mean expenses that are not directly related to the production of goods and services. Therefore, indirect expenses cannot be debited to Trading Account. All indirect expenses are debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

Question 14.
A bank loan is a current liability.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
A loan usually taken for the period of more than 1 year say 5 years from the bank is called Bank Loan. It is a long term loan. It is not repaid within 1 year but paid in installments over a number of years. It might be paid in lumpsum at the expiry of the term.

Question 15.
Net profit is the debit balance of Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
In a Profit and Loss Account, when the credit side total i.e. a total of incomes is more than the debit side total, i.e. expenses it is known as a credit balance. When incomes exceed expenses there is profit. Therefore credit balance of the Profit and Loss Account indicates net profit.

D. Find an odd one.

Question 1.
Wages, Salary, Royalty, Import Duty
Answer:
Salary

Question 2.
Postage, Stationery, Advertising, Purchases
Answer:
Purchases

Question 3.
Capital, Bills Receivable, Reserve fund, Bank overdraft
Answer:
Bills Receivable

Question 4.
Building, Machinery, Furniture, Bills Payable
Answer:
Bill Payable

Question 5.
Discount received, Dividend received, Interest received, Depreciation
Answer:
Depreciation

E. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Partners share profits & losses in ____________ ratio in the absence of partnership deed.
Answer:
equal

Question 2.
Registration of partnership is ____________ in India.
Answer:
optional

Question 3.
Partnership business must be ____________
Answer:
lawful

Question 4.
Liabilities of partners in partnership firm is ____________
Answer:
unlimited

Question 5.
The balance of the Drawings Account of a partner is transferred to his ____________ account under the Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
Current

Question 6.
The interest on capital of a partner is debited to ____________ account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss

Question 7.
Partners are ____________ liable for the debts of the firm.
Answer:
joint & several

Question 8.
Partnership Deed is an ____________ of Partnership.
Answer:
Article

Question 9.
The withdrawal by the partner for personal use from the firm is ____________ to his account.
Answer:
debited

Question 10.
Commission payable to partner is ____________ to the firm.
Answer:
liability/outstanding expense

Question 11.
When partners adopt Fixed Capital Method then they have to operate ____________ Account.
Answer:
Partner’s Current

Question 12.
If the partners Current Account shows ____________ balance it is shown to the Liability side of the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
credit

Question 13.
The expenses paid for trading purpose are known as ____________ expenses.
Answer:
trade

Question 14.
Cash receipts which are recurring in nature are called as ____________ Receipts.
Answer:
Revenue

Question 15.
Return outward are deducted from ____________
Answer:
purchase

Question 16.
Expenses which are paid before due date are called as ____________
Answer:
Prepaid Expenses

Question 17.
Assets which are held in the business for a long period are called ____________
Answer:
Fixed Assets

Question 18.
Trading Account is prepared on the basis of ____________ expenses.
Answer:
direct

Question 19.
When commission is allowed to any partner, it is ____________ of the business.
Answer:
expenditure

Question 20.
When goods are distributed as free samples, it is treated as ____________ of the business.
Answer:
advertisement expense

F. Answer in one sentence only:

Question 1.
What is Fluctuating Capital?
Answer:
When capital balances of the partners go on changing every year due to transactions of partners with the firm, it is known as Fluctuating Capital.

Question 2.
Why is Partnership Deed necessary?
Answer:
Partnership Deed is necessary to prevent disputes or misunderstandings among the partners in the future.

Question 3.
If the Partnership Deed is silent, in which ratio, the partners will share the profit or loss?
Answer:
If the Partnership Deed is silent, partners will share profits and losses in equal ratio.

Question 4.
What is the Fixed Capital Method?
Answer:
Fixed Capital Method is one in which capital balances of the partners remain the same at the end of every financial year unless any amount of additional capital is introduced or part of the capital is withdrawn by the partner from the business.

Question 5.
How many partners are required to form a partnership firm?
Answer:
Minimum two persons are required to form a partnership firm.

Question 6.
What is Partnership Deed?
Answer:
A partnership deed is a written agreement duly stamped and signed document containing the terms and conditions of the partnership.

Question 7.
What are the objectives of the Partnership Firm?
Answer:
To earn a maximum profit is the main objective of the partnership firm.

Question 8.
What rate of interest is allowed on a partner’s loan in the absence of an agreement?
Answer:
6 % is the rate of interest to be allowed on a partner’s loan in the absence of an agreement.

Question 9.
What is the minimum number of partners in a partnership firm according to the Indian Partnership Act 1932?
Answer:
Minimum two persons are required a number of partners in a partnership firm according to Indian Partnership Act 1932.

Question 10.
What is the liability of a partner?
Answer:
The liability of a partner (except minor partner) is unlimited.

Question 11.
In the absence of Partnership Deed, what is the rate of interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm is allowed?
Answer:
In the absence of Partnership Deed, 6% is the rate of interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm.

Question 12.
What do you mean by pre-received income?
Answer:
Income that is received by the partnership firm before it is due is called pre-received income.

Question 13.
What is the effect of the adjustment of provision for discount on debtors in the final accounts of partnership?
Answer:
The effects of the adjustment of provision for discount on debtors in the final accounts of partnership are as follows:
Debit Profit and Loss A/c and deduct the amount of provision for discount on debtors from the number of debtors.

Question 14.
When are the Partners Current Account is opened?
Answer:
When Fixed Capital Method is adopted by the firm, Partners’s Current Account is opened.

Question 15.
As per which principle of accounting, closing stock is valued at cost price or at market price whichever is less?
Answer:
As per the Conservatism principle of accounting, the closing stock is valued at cost price or at market price whichever is less.

Question 16.
What is the provision of the Indian Partnership Act with regard to Interest on Capital?
Answer:
As per the provision of the Indian Partnership Act, Interest in Capital is not to be allowed.

Question 17.
Why is the Balance Sheet prepared?
Answer:
The Balance Sheet is prepared to know the financial position of the business in the form of its assets and liabilities on a particular date.

Question 18.
Why wages paid for the installation of machinery are not shown in Trading Account?
Answer:
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a capital expenditure and it is not to be recorded in Trading Account.

Question 19.
What do you mean by indirect incomes?
Answer:
All incomes other than direct incomes are called indirect incomes.
[e.g. Interest received on investments, Incomes like discount, commission, dividend, rent, etc. received].

Question 20.
Why partners capital is treated as a long-term liability of business?
Answer:
Partner’s Capital is not refunded during the existence of the partnership firm unless the partner is retired or expired.

G. Do you agree/disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
When Partnership Deed is silent, partners share profits of the firm according to capital ratio.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 2.
The current Account always shows a debit balance.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 3.
It is compulsory to have a partnership agreement in writing.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 4.
Partnership Firm is a trading concern.
Answer:
Agree

Question 5.
Interest in the capital is an expenditure for the partnership firm.
Answer:
Agree

Question 6.
A partnership is an association of two or more persons.
Answer:
Agree

Question 7.
Partners are entitled to get a Salary or Commission.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 8.
The balance of the Capital Account remains constant under Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
Agree

Question 9.
The Indian Partnership Act came into existence in the year 1945.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 10.
Profit and Loss Account reflects the true financial position.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 11.
The amount borrowed by a partner from his business will be debited to the Current Account.
Answer:
Agree

Question 12.
Sold but undispatched goods must be part of the valuation of closing stock.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 13.
Carriage inward is a selling and distribution overhead.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 14.
Gross profit is an operating profit.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 15.
All financial expenditures are debited to the Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Agree

Question 16.
Free distribution of goods is debited to Trading Account.
Answer:
Disagree

H. Calculate the following:

Question 1.
Undervaluation of closing stock by 10%, closing stock was ₹ 30,000. Find out the value of the closing stock.
Solution:
Undervaluation of closing stock by 10 %
Revised value = \(\frac{\text { Book value }}{100-\% \text { of undervaluation }} \times 100\)
= \(\frac{30,000}{100-10} \times 100\)
= ₹ 33,333.
∴ Value of closing stock = ₹ 33,333.

Question 2.
Calculate 12.5% P.A. depreciation on Furniture:
(a) on ₹ 220,000 for 1 year
(b) on ₹ 10,000 for 6 months
Solution:
Depreciation = Amount of asset × Period × %
(a) Depreciation on furniture = 220,000 × 1 × \(\frac{12.5}{100}\) = ₹ 27,500
∴ Deprecation on furniture for 1 year = ₹ 27,500

(b) Depreciation on furniture = 10,000 × \(\frac{6}{12} \times \frac{12.5}{100}\) = ₹ 625
∴ Depreciation on furniture for 6 months = ₹ 625

Question 3.
The insurance premium is paid for the year ending on 1st September 2019 amounted to ₹ 1500. Calculate prepaid insurance assuming that the year-end is 31st March 2019.
Solution:
From 31st March to 1st September, 5 months period prepaid insurance amount we have to find.
An insurance premium paid for the 12 months = ₹ 1500
∴ for 5 months period it is 1500 × \(\frac{5}{12}\) = ₹ 625
Thus, prepaid insurance premium amount = ₹ 625.

Question 4.
Find out Gross Profit/Gross Loss: Purchases ₹ 30,000, Sales ₹ 15,000, Carriage inward ₹ 2400, Opening stock ₹ 10,000, Purchase return ₹ 1000, Closing stock ₹ 36,000.
Solution:

Question 5.
A borrowed loan from Bank of Maharashtra ₹ 2,00,000 on 1st October 2019 @15 % p.a. Calculate interest on a bank loan for the year 2019 – 20 assuming that the financial year ends on 31st March, every year.
Solution:
From 1st October to 31st March, 6 months period interest on loan is to be calculated.
Interest (I) = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
∴ Interest on loan = 2,00,000 × \(\frac{15}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\) = ₹ 15,000
∴ Interest on loan on ₹ 2,00,000 for 6 months = ₹ 15,000

Practical Problems

Question 1.
Amitbhai and Narendrabhai are in Partnership Sharing Profits and Losses equally. From the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below, you are required to prepare the Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.

Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on hand on 31st March 2019 was valued at ₹ 43,000.
2. Uninsured goods worth ₹ 8,000 were stolen.
3. Create R.D.D. at 2 % on sundry debtors.
4. Mr. Patil, our customer becomes insolvent and could not pay his debts of ₹ 500.
5. Outstanding Expenses – Rent ₹ 800 and salaries ₹ 300.
6. Depreciate Factory Building by ₹ 2,500 and Furniture by ₹ 1,800.
Solution:
In the books of Amitbhai and Narendrabhai

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Notes:
1. Import duty, Motive power, and Depreciation on Factory building are recorded in the Trading A/c.

2. 10% govt, the bond is an investment. It was purchased on 1 – 10 – 2018.
∴ Interest is calculated for six months.
Interest on Govt. Bond = \(\frac{40,000}{1} \times \frac{6}{12} \times \frac{10}{100}\) = ₹ 2,000

3. Adv. exp. paid for 2 years from 01 – 01 – 2019. Upto 31 – 3 – 2019, 3 months adv. exp. is written off to Profit and Loss A/c. It is calculated as below:
= 10,000 × \(\frac{3}{24}\) = ₹ 1,250
∴ Prepaid adv. exp. = 10,000 – 1,250 = ₹ 8,750

Question 2.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Mitesh and Mangesh, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.

Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Mitesh and Mangesh are sharing profit and losses in the ratio 3 : 1.
2. Partners are entitled to get commission @ 1% each on gross profit.
3. The closing stock is valued at ₹ 23,700.
4. Outstanding Expenses – Audit fees ₹ 400; Carriage ₹ 600.
5. Building is valued at ₹ 46,500.
6. Furniture is depreciated by 5%.
7. Provide interest on partner’s capital at 2.5% p.a.
8. Goods of ₹ 900 were taken by Mangesh for his personal use.
9. Write off ₹ 1,000 as Bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 3 % on Sundry Debtors.
Solution:
In the books of M/s Mitesh and Mangesh



Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Working Notes:
1. In this problem, Current Account balances are given. So, the total amount of fixed capital is directly shown in the Liabilities side of the Balance Sheet. Effects of adjustments related to commission to partners, interest on capital, goods are withdrawn by Mangesh are given in the Current Account. Closing balances of the Current Account are shown separately on the Liability side of the Balance Sheet.

2. Building is valued at ₹ 46,500 whereas the opening balance of Building given is ₹ 48,500. Therefore, a difference of the amount of ₹ 2,000 (48,500 – 46,500) is nothing but Depreciation charged on Building.

3. Return Inward ⇒ Sales Return
Return Outward ⇒ Purchase Return

4. Commission payable to partners:
Mitesh = 1% on Gross Profit = \(\frac{1}{100} \times \frac{99,000}{1}\) = ₹ 990/-
Mangesh = 1% on Gross Profit = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 99,000 = ₹ 990/-

Question 3.
From the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below of Reena and Aarti, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Closing stock valued at ₹ 22,000.
2. Write off ₹ 900 for bad & doubtful debts and create a provision for reserve for doubtful debts ₹ 1,000.
3. Create a provision for discount on debtors @ 3 % and on creditors @ 5%.
4. Outstanding Expenses – Wages ₹ 700 and Salaries ₹ 800.
5. Insurance is paid for 15 months, w.e.f. 1st April 2018.
6. Depreciate land and building @ 5%.
7. Reena & Aarti are sharing Profits & Losses in their Capital Ratio.
Solution:
In the books of Reena and Aarti

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Insurance premium ₹ 1,500 is paid for 15 months, i.e. prepaid insurance premium for 3 months = ₹ 300.

2. Reserve for Discount on Debtors = 3% on (Debtors – New Bad debts – New Reserve)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (40,000 – 900 – 1,000)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (40,000 – 1,900)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × 38,100
= ₹ 1,143

3. Reserve for Discount on Creditors = 5% on (Value of Creditors)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 25,700
= ₹ 1,285

4. Profit and Loss ratio = Capital ratio = 50,000 : 30,000 = 5 : 3

Question 4.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Meera and Madhav. Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March, 2019

Adjustments:
1. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 32,000.
2. Provide provision for doubtful debts ₹ 2,000.
3. Create a reserve for a discount on debtors @ 3%.
4. Value of leasehold premises on 31st March 2019 ₹ 1,00,000.
5. Outstanding Expenses: Printing & stationery ₹ 500.
Solution:
In the books of M/s Meera and Madhav

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Advertisement expenses written off to Profit and Loss account during the year 2018-19 for six months i.e. from 1/10/18 to 31/03/19.
Advertisement expenses W/off = (Advertisement bill paid) × \(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= 4,800 × \(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 800.
Prepaid advertisement = 4,800 – 800 = ₹ 4,000.

2. Reserve for Discount on Debtors = 3% (Balance in debtors)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (80,500 – 2,000)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × 78,500
= ₹ 2,355.

3. Difference between the opening balance (₹ 1,10,000) and the closing balance (₹ 1,00,000) for leasehold premises is to be considered as written off on leasehold premises.

Question 5.
Sucheta & Gayatri are partners sharing Profit and Losses in the ratio 3 : 2. From the following Trial Balance and additional information, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 was valued at ₹ 19,700.
2. Goods costing ₹ 3,000 distributed as a free sample.
3. Motive power includes ₹ 500 paid for deposit of Power Meter.
4. Depreciate building @ 5 %.
5. Write off ₹ 2000 for bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 3% on debtors.
6. Bills receivable included dishonored of Bill of ₹ 4,000.
Solution:
In the books of Sucheta and Gayatri


Balance Sheet as of 31st March, 2019

Working Notes:
1. Rate of interest on the partner’s loan is not mentioned, therefore interest on the loan is calculated at 6% p.a.
∴ Interest on Sucheta’s Loan = 6,150 × 1 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) = ₹ 369
2. Add dishonored bill amount to debtors amount and then calculate B.D. and R.D.D.
3. Subtract dishonored bill amount from bills receivable amount.

Question 6.
Archana and Prerana are partners, sharing Profits and Losses in the ratio 2 : 1 with the help of the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below. You are required to prepare a Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and a Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March, 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 is valued at Cost Price ₹ 12,000 and Market Price ₹ 17,000.
2. Our customer Mr. Shekhar failed to pay his dues of ₹ 800.
3. 1/8th of Patents are to be written off.
4. A part of Furniture ₹ 5,000 is purchased on 1st Oct. 2018.
5. Depreciation on Land & Building 10% and on Furniture 5%.
6. Outstanding Expenses Wages ₹ 300 and Electricity Charges ₹ 200.
7. Allow Interest on Capital 3%.
Solution:
In the books of Archana and Prema


Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Stationery stock is an asset.
2. Depreciation of furniture:

∴ Total Depreciation = 400 + 125 = ₹ 525
3. \(\frac{1}{8}\) patents to be written off = 2,000 × \(\frac{1}{8}\) = ₹ 250.
4. As no other expenses are given, Trade Expense is recorded in Profit and Loss Account.

Question 7.
Satish and Pramod are partners. Prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year 31st March 2019. You have to find out Gross Profit and Net Profit only.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. The Closing stock is valued at ₹ 15,400.
2. Outstanding wages ₹ 500.
3. Create provision for Bad debts ₹ 800 and maintain R.D.D. 3 % on Sundry Debtors.
4. Goods of ₹ 1,800 distributed as a free sample.
5. Goods of ₹ 2,000 were sold and delivered on 31st March 2019 but no entry is passed in the Books of Account.
Solution:
In the books of Satish and Pramod

Working Notes :
1. Here only gross profit and net profit is to find out. Therefore, the Balance Sheet is not prepared.

2. Interest on a 10% bank loan is calculated for 9 months (From 1/7/2018 to 31/3/2019)
I = \(\frac{\mathrm{PRN}}{100}\) = 8,000 × \(\frac{10}{100} \times \frac{9}{12}\) = ₹ 600

3. Goods distributed as free samples is an advertisement expense for business.

4. Sundry Debtors = 40,000
Add: Unrecorded Sales = 2,000
Less: Provision for Bad Debts = 800
Total = 41,200
Less: R.D.D. (New) (3% of 41,200 = 1,236) = 39,964

Question 8.
Nana and Nani are partners in a Partnership Firm sharing Profits and Losses equally. You are required to give effects of Adjustments in Profit & Loss A/c and Balance Sheet with the help of the following information.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Gross profit amounted to ₹ 34,500.
2. Insurance paid for 15 months w.e.f. 1-4-2018.
3. Depreciate Land and Building at 10 % p.a. and Furniture at 5% p.a.
4. Write off ₹ 1,000 for Bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 5 % on Sundry debtors.
5. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 34,500.
Solution:
In the books of Nana and Nani

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Here, the Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet are to be prepared. Therefore, Trading Account is not prepared. Gross profit (given) is recorded on the Credit side of the Profit and Loss Account.

2. Land and Building

Total Depreciation = ₹ 4,500

3. Interest on 10% bank loan is calculated for 6 months. (From 1/10/2018 to 31/3/2019)
I = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
= 30,000 × \(\frac{10}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 1,500

4. Prepaid insurance = \(\frac{3}{15}\) × (Insurance Amount)
= \(\frac{3}{15}\) × 15,000
= ₹ 3,000

5. RDD = 5% on (Debtors – New Bad debts)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × (26,000 – 1,000)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 25,000
= ₹ 1,250

Question 9.
Sun and Moon are partners in a Partnership Firm sharing Profits and Losses equally. You are required to give effects of Adjustments with the help of the following information:
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Partners are entitled to get a salary of ₹ 6,000 p.a. in addition to their profit & loss sharing.
2. Depreciation on Land & Building, Furniture and Machinery @ 10%, 5% and 3% respectively.
3. Interest in Capital 5% p.a.
4. Closing stock ₹ 60,743.
5. Wages included ₹ 1,000 as advance is given to workers.
6. Interest due but not paid ₹ 800.
7. Total net profit amounted to ₹ 38,113.
You are required to prepare the Balance Sheet and Partners Current A/c only.
Solution:
In the books of Sun and Moon

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Working Notes:
1. Depreciation on machinery is calculated for 9 months. (i.e. from 1/7/18 to 31/3/19)
Depreciation = 40,000 × \(\frac{3}{100} \times \frac{9}{12}\) = ₹ 900

2. Interest on 8% debentures, calculated for 6 months. (i.e. from 1/10/18 to 31/3/19)
I = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
= 8,000 × \(\frac{8}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 320

3. Advance given to workers (by firm) ₹ 1,000 is an asset for the firm, so, it is shown on the Assets side.

4. Interest due but not paid is a liability for the firm, so, it is shown on the Liabilities side.

Question 10.
Kshipra and Manisha are partners sharing Profit and Losses in their Capital ratio. You are required to prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and a Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 was at ₹ 37,000.
2. Sales include the sale of machinery of ₹ 2,000, which is sold on 1st April 2018.
3. Depreciation on fixed assets @ 5%
4. Each partner is entitled to get a commission at 1% of Gross profit and interest on Capital 5% p.a.
5. Outstanding Expenses wages ₹ 200 & Salaries ₹ 500.
6. Create provision for Doubtful debts @ 3% on Sundry debtors.
Solution:
In the books of Kshipra and Manisha


Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Depreciation on fixed assets means depreciation on Furniture, Plant & Machinery, and Building.

2. Sales includes the sale of Machinery of ₹ 2,000 is subtracted from sales and from Plant & Machinery.
On balance amount of Plant & Machinery ₹ 58,000, calculate 5 % depreciation i.e. 60,000 – 2,000 = ₹ 58,000 × 5% = ₹ 2,900

3. Here on gross profit calculate 1% commission for partners and record it to Profit and Loss A/c and in Current A/cs. Commission payable to each partner = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × Gross profit
= \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 81,700
= ₹ 817.

Class 12 Commerce BK Textbook Solutions Digest

• 12th Bk Chapter 1 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 2 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 3 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 4 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 5 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 6 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 7 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 8 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 9 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 10 Practical Problems

Introduction to Book Keeping and Accountancy 11th BK Commerce Chapter 1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Book Keeping and Accountancy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Commerce BK Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions

1. Answer in One Sentence:

Question 1.
What is Book-keeping?
Answer:
Recording the business transactions in the books of accounts systematically by considering some definite principles is called book-keeping.

Question 2.
What is meant by Goods?
Answer:
Any commodity, article, or merchandise in which trader regularly deals or carries on trade is called goods e.g. cloth is the goods for cloth merchant.

Question 3.
What is Capital?
Answer:
Amount invested by the proprietor into the business from time to time is called Capital.

Question 4.
What are Drawings?
Answer:
The total amount of goods and services are withdrawn by the proprietor from time to time for self-use is called drawings.

Question 5.
What is Goodwill?
Answer:
The money value of business reputation earned by the business over the number of years is called Goodwill.

2. Give the word term or phrase which can substitute each of the following statements:

Question 1.
Recording of business transactions.
Answer:
Book-keeping

Question 2.
Amount invested in the business by the proprietor.
Answer:
Capital

Question 3.
A person to whom the amount is payable.
Answer:
Creditor

Question 4.
The exchange between two persons.
Answer:
Transaction

Question 5.
Excess of expenses over income.
Answer:
Loss

Question 6.
A person whose assets are sufficient enough to meet business obligations.
Answer:
Solvent

Question 7.
Book-keeping is providing all required financial information to the businessman.
Answer:
Decision Making

Question 8.
Property of any description owned by Proprietor.
Answer:
Assets

Question 9.
Assets that remain in the business for only for short time and can be converted into cash very easily.
Answer:
Current Assets

Question 10.
Allowance is given on catalogue price of goods.
Answer:
Trade Discount

3. Select the most appropriate alternatives from those given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
Surplus of income over expenses is _____________
(a) Profit
(b) Deficit
(c) Loss
(d) Financial Statements
Answer:
(a) Profit

Question 2.
In _____________ basis of accounting, actual cash receipts and actual cash payments are recorded.
(a) Accrual
(b) Hybrid
(c) Cash
(d) Mercantile
Answer:
(c) Cash

Question 3.
Amount which is not recoverable from customer is known as _____________
(a) Bad Debts
(b) Debts
(c) Debtors
(d) Doubtful debts
Answer:
(a) Bad Debts

Question 4.
Accounts must be honestly prepared and they must disclose all material information is known as _____________
(a) Entity Concepts
(b) Dual Aspect Concept
(c) Disclosure Concept
(d) Cost Concept
Answer:
(c) Disclosure Concept

Question 5.
A commodity in which a trader deals is known as _____________
(a) Goods
(b) Income
(c) Property
(d) Expenditure
Answer:
(a) Goods

Question 6.
_____________ means a reputation of a business valued in terms of money.
(a) Trademark
(b) Assets
(c) Patents
(d) Goodwill
Answer:
(d) Goodwill

Question 7.
According to _____________ Cash flow statement is prepared and presented for the period for which the profit and loss account is prepared.
(a) AS-3
(b) AS-10
(c) AS-6
(d) AS-2
Answer:
(a) AS-3

Question 8.
The immediate recognition of loss is supported by principle of _____________
(a) Conservatism
(b) Objective
(c) Matching
(d) Consistency
Answer:
(a) Conservatism

Question 9.
Brief explanation of an entry is called as _____________
(a) Folio
(b) Narration
(c) Posting
(d) Journalising
Answer:
(b) Narration

Question 10.
An act of exchange of things or services between the two parties is termed as _____________
(a) Ledger
(b) Transfer
(c) Transaction
(d) Business
Answer:
(c) Transaction

4. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons:

Question 1.
Book-keeping and accounting are one and the same thing.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Book-Keeping means recording business transactions in a separate set of books and accountancy is the process of summarising and analyzing the business transactions which are recorded in the books of accounts, so book-keeping and accounting are not one and the same thing.

Question 2.
Conservatism means to follow the safe side.
Answer:
This statement is True.
This accounting concept suggests that while preparing accounting statements, planning, policies, strategies, and budgets, all possible or anticipated losses must be taken into consideration. While unrealized prospective or anticipated profits should be ignored. This is known as “The policy of playing a safe game” or “Principal of Prudence”.

Question 3.
The double entry system is based on the “Dual Aspect” concept.
Answer:
This statement is True.
This accounting concept explains that every business transaction has two aspects viz. (i) acquisition or increase in the asset of the business and (ii) creation or increase in claims against the business. Assets refer to the valuable things owned by the business. Capital refers to the proprietor’s contribution to the business to provide funds to undertake activities. Capital refers to the proprietor’s contribution to the business to provide funds to undertake activities. Capital is the owner’s claim against the business, e.g. a capital of ₹ 5,00,000 received in cash by the business from the proprietor has dual aspects viz. business has cash i.e. asset of ₹ 5,00,000 and the proprietor has a claim of ₹ 5,00,000 against the business entity called capital.

Question 4.
Bank overdraft is an asset of the business.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Bank overdraft is a liability of the business. Businesses owe to the bank for the excess amount withdrawn from the bank account. It is a temporary loan from a bank.

Question 5.
A solvent person is a person whose assets are more than his liabilities.
Answer:
This statement is True.
A person who is unable to pay his debts is called insolvent. An insolvent person does not have sufficient assets to pay his debts. His business debts are much larger than his business and personal assets. He cannot settle the dues of his creditors fully. Insolvency leads to the compulsory dissolution of the business.

Question 6.
Cash discount does not appear in the books of accounts.
Answer:
This statement is False.
It is the amount deducted from the final amount due at the time of receipt. It is the concession given for encouraging prompt payment. It is given either for the spot payment or for payment within a specific period. A cash discount is calculated after deducting a trade discount, since it is a loss to the seller and gain to the buyer, a cash discount appears in the books of accounts.

Question 7.
A transaction is concerned with money or money’s worth.
Answer:
This statement is True.
In common parlance, a transaction is a dealing between two or more persons, in which one person gives something to the other and in exchange for that receives something from the other. It is an exchange of goods and services either for cash or for any other goods or services. In other words, it is a business activity that interprets in money terms what business gives and what business receives in that exchange. To complete the transaction at least two persons are required. Purchase of goods, sale of goods, receipt, and payment of cash, borrowing, and lending, depositing cash into the bank, withdrawal of cash from the bank, etc. are examples of business transactions.

Question 8.
Accounting is the language of business.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Book-keeping is a part of Accounting. It is the primary stage in accounting. It is the process of recording transactions in accounts. Accounting is part of Accountancy. Accountancy is the practice of recording, classifying and reporting business transactions for a business. Accounting principles are the basic norms and assumptions developed and established as the basis for an accounting system. These principles are adopted by accountants universally. So accounting is the language of business.

Question 9.
In the early times of civilization, accounting was done by owners.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Booking is a part of Accounting that follows certain rules for recording transactions. It has classification, concepts, conventions, and principles which requires certain knowledge and qualifications. So it is done by an accountant.

Question 10.
Book-keeping is useful to find out all tax liabilities.
Answer:
This statement is True.
As all business transactions are recorded in the books of accounts so there is no question of hiding any income or expenses, with the help of book-keeping businessmen know their liabilities towards the government for tax payments like GST., Income tax, etc.

5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
Accounting is useful only to the owner.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 2.
Book-keeping is an art, science, and profession.
Answer:
Agree

Question 3.
Bills Payable is an asset of the business.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 4.
In Book-keeping and Accountancy, only non-monetary transactions are recorded.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 5.
Totalling of Journal or Ledger is called casting.
Answer:
Agree

6. Complete the following sentences:

Question 1.
Revenue arising as a result of business transactions is known as _____________
Answer:
Income

Question 2.
Excess of gross profit over operating expenses is _____________
Answer:
Operating profit

Question 3.
An expenditure which is basically revenue in nature but the benefit of which is not exhausted within one year is called as _____________
Answer:
Deferred revenue expenditure

Question 4.
The amount deducted by the seller from the list price of goods at the time of sale is _____________
Answer:
Trade Discount

Question 5.
A person to whom the business owes money for the goods or services is known as _____________
Answer:
Creditor

Student Activity: (Textbook Page No. 9)

Collect some Advertisements relating to discounts and stick them in the notebook.
Answer:
Go through daily new paper read advertisements regarding sales like flip cart, Amazon, Big Bazar, etc.

Class 11 Commerce BK Textbook Solutions Digest

• 11th Bk Chapter 1 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 2 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 3 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 4 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 5 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 6 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 7 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 8 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 9 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 10 Practical Problems

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 1 वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 9 Marathi Kumarbharati Chapter 1 वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Question Answer Maharashtra Board

वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Std 9 Marathi Chapter 1 Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
हे गीत विद्यार्थ्यांनी समूहाने तालासुरात मोठ्याने म्हणावे व त्याचा काव्यानंद अनुभवावा.

वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Summary in Marathi

कवितेचा आशय:

राष्ट्रभक्तीने प्रेरित होऊन ज्या शूर राष्ट्रभक्तांनी मातृभूमीच्या स्वातंत्र्यासाठी प्राणांचे बलिदान दिले, त्या देशभक्तांच्या गौरवाचे हे गीत कवींनी लिहिले आहे. या गीतात कवींनी वीर भारतपुत्रांविषयी कृतज्ञता व्यक्त केली आहे.

शब्दार्थ:

1. वंद्य – वंदनीय, आदरणीय.
2. वन्दे – वंदन करतो.
3. मातरम् – मातृभूमी,
4. माउली – आई, (येथे अर्थ) भारतमाता.
5. मुक्तता – सुटका,
6. यज्ञ – अग्निकुंड (इथे अर्थ) स्वातंत्र्यसंग्राम.
7. भारती – भारतात.
8. जीवित – जीवन, आयुष्य.
9. आहुती – प्राणार्पण.
10. सिद्ध – तयार.
11. मंत्र – श्लोक, सुवचन, घोषवाक्य.
12. मृतांचे – मेलेल्या शरीराचे, कलेवरांचे,
13. जागले – (विचारांनी) जागृत झाले.
14. शस्त्रधारी – हत्यार बाळगणारे,
15. निष्ठुर – कठोर, क्रूर.
16. शांतिवादी – शांतता रुजवणारे लोक (भारतीय),
17. झुंजले – लढले.
18. शस्त्रहीनां – ज्यांच्या हाती हत्यार नाही असे लोक.
19. लाभो – मिळो.
20. निर्मिला – निर्माण केला, तयार केला,
21. आचरीला – वर्तनात आणला, वागणुकीत आणला.
22. हुतात्मे – वीरमरण लाभलेले राष्ट्रभक्त.
23. स्वर्गलोक – देवांचा रहिवास असलेले.
24. तयांच्या – त्यांच्या.
25. आरती – प्रार्थना, आळवणी करणारे भजन.

टीप : वेद : प्राचीन काळी ऋषिमुनींनी लिहिलेले जीवनस्तोत्र.

कवितेचा भावार्थ:

राष्ट्रप्रेमाने भारलेल्या व भारताच्या स्वातंत्र्यासाठी प्राणार्पण करणाऱ्या राष्ट्रभक्तांबद्दल कृतज्ञता व्यक्त करताना कवी म्हणतात – वेदांच्या मंत्रांपेक्षाही ‘वंदे मातरम!’ हा जयघोष आम्हां भारतीयांना वंदनीय आहे, आदरणीय आहे.

(स्वातंत्र्यपूर्व काळामध्ये) या भारतवर्षात भारतमातेला पारतंत्र्यातून मुक्त करण्याचा धगधगता स्वातंत्र्यसंग्राम (यज्ञ) झाला. त्या स्वातंत्र्याच्या अग्निकुंडात लाखो वीरांच्या प्राणांची आहती पडली. लाखो देशभक्तांनी बलिदान दिले. त्यांच्या या पवित्र बलिदानाने ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ हा मंत्र निर्माण केला. सिद्ध केला. ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ या मंत्राने त्या वेळी मुर्दाड झालेली व स्वाभिमान हरवून बसलेली राष्ट्रीयता जागृत झाली. सारे भारतीय खडबडून जागे झाले, कायम शांतीचा पुरस्कार करणारे भारतीय, संगिनधारी सशस्त्र, क्रूर इंग्रजी जुलमी सत्ताधाऱ्यांशी लढले. त्या झुंजीमध्ये निःशस्त्र असणाऱ्या भारतीयांना ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ हा एकच महामंत्र शस्त्रासारखा लाभला होता.

स्वातंत्र्यलढ्यामध्ये ज्या देशभक्तांनी ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ हा मंत्र निर्माण केला व तोच वर्तनात आणून परकीय सत्तेशी झुंज दिली. जे राष्ट्रभक्त या रणकुंडात प्राणार्पण करून हुतात्मे झाले ते देव होऊन स्वर्गलोकी गेले. त्यांना देवत्व प्राप्त झाले. त्यांच्या बलिदानाची आरती म्हणजेच हे ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ गीत आहे. आपण ते गाऊ या.

9th Std Marathi Questions And Answers:

• वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ (गीत) Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (अ) जैसा वृक्ष नेणे- संत नामदेव Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (आ) धरिला पंढरीचा चोर-संत जनाबाई Class 9 Question Answer
• कीर्ती कठीयाचा दृष्टान्त Class 9 Question Answer
• नात्यांची घट्ट वीण Class 9 Question Answer
• एक होती समई Class 9 Question Answer
• हास्यचित्रांतली मुलं (स्थूलवाचन) Class 9 Question Answer