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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokvani Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 10 Hindi Chapter 1 Sondhi Sugandh Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Hindi Lokvani 10th Digest Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Questions And Answers

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए

(१) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

Answer:

(२) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

Answer:

(३) गीत में प्रयुक्त क्रियारूप लिखिए:

बाग-बगीचे, ताल-तलैया …………
Answer:
मुसकाएँ

झूम-झूमकर मस्ती में तरु गीत ………..
Answer:
सुनाएँ

मधुमास आस-विश्वास ………..
Answer:
किया

धरती ने ………….
Answer:
बढ़ाता

(४) उपसर्ग-प्रत्यय लगाकर शब्द लिखिए :

Answer:

अभिव्यक्ति

प्रस्तुत गीत की प्रथम चार पंक्तियों का भावार्थ लिखिए।
Answer:
वर्षा ऋतु के आगमन पर धरती पर बारिश की बूंदों का गिरना शुरू हो जाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती पर गिरकर मिट्टी को स्पर्श करती हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती हैं।

बारिश की बूंदों की अनुभूति से धरती प्रफुल्लित हो गई है। इसलिए जैसे ही बारिश थम जाती है; वैसे ही वह अपनी आँखें खोलती हैं। मोर को भी वर्षाऋत अत्यंत प्रिय है। अत: वह भी वर्षाऋत में खश होकर कह रहा है कि चारों ओर हरियाली ही हरियाली छा गई है। भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। बादल बरसने के बाद हरियाली-सा हरा वस्त्र धारण करने का धरती का जो सपना था; वह अब वह पूरा हो गया है।

भाषा बिंदु

वर्तनी के अनुसार शुद्ध शब्द छाँटकर लिखिए:

1. विश्वास/विशवास/विसवास ……..
2. मसतक/मस्थक/मस्तक ……….
3. पथ्थर/पथ्तर/पत्थर …………
4. कुरीति/कूरिति/कुरिती …………
5. चिन्ह/चीहन/चिह्न …………..
6. इकठठा/इकट्टा/इकट्ठा ………….
7. खुबसुरत/खूबसुरत/खूबसूरत …………
8. विदयापीठ/विद्यापीठ/विद्यापिठ ………….
9. बुद्धी/बुध्दी/बुद्धि ………….
10. परिक्षार्थि/परीक्षार्थि/परीक्षार्थी ………….

Answer:

1. विश्वास
2. मस्तक
3. पत्थर
4. कुरीति
5. चिह्न
6. इकट्ठा
7. खूबसूरत
8. विद्यापीठ
9. बुद्धि
10. परीक्षार्थी

उपयोजित लेखन

निम्नलिखित सुवचन पर आधारित कहानी लिखिए:

‘स्वास्थ्य ही संपदा है।’
Answer:
श्रीरामपुर गाँव में धनसुखलाल नाम का एक धनी व्यक्ति रहता था। वह बहुत ही कंजूस प्रवृत्ति का था। रईस होने के बावजूद भी वह स्वयं पर कभी भी पैसे खर्च नहीं करता था। वह दिन में सिर्फ एक वक्त का भोजन करता था। इतना ही नहीं वह अपने परिवार वालों पर भी धन खर्च नहीं करता था। उसकी कंजूसी के कारण उसका परिवार प्रतिदिन भूखे पेट ही सोता था। एक दिन धनसुखलाल बीमार पड़ गया।

भरपेट खाना न खाने के कारण उसका शरीर कमजोर हो गया था। उसकी शक्ति कम हो गई थी। परिवार के लोग उसे डॉक्टर के पास ले जाना चाहते थे। लेकिन डॉक्टर के पास जाकर काफी रूपया खर्च हो जाएगा। इसलिए उसने घरेलू औषधियों लेना प्रारंभ कर दिया। आहिस्ता-आहिस्ता उसका शरीर अत्यधिक अस्वस्थ और कमजोर हो गया।

यहाँ तक कि अब उठकर चलने की शक्ति भी उसमें शेष नहीं थी। फिर भी वह डॉक्टर के पास जाने के लिए राजी नहीं हुआ। उसी शाम गाँव में एक महात्मा आए। उन्होंने धनसुखलाल के बारे में सुना और वे स्वयं उसे मिलने गए। महात्मा को देखकर धनसुखलाल ने सोचा कि यह महात्मा उसका इलाज कर देंगे। उसने आशा से महात्मा को प्रणाम किया। महात्मा ने उसे स्पष्ट कहा – ‘मूर्ख धनसुखलाल, मैं तुम्हारा भविष्य जानता हूँ। यदि तुम अभी डॉक्टर के पास नहीं जाओगे; तो कल सुबह तक तुम्हारी मृत्यु निश्चित है।’

महात्मा की भविष्यवाणी सुनकर धनसुखलाल के हाथ-पाँव काँपने लगे और महात्मा को प्रणाम करके वह तुरंत अपने परिवार वालों के साथ डॉक्टर के पास चला गया। डॉक्टर ने पूरी निष्ठा से उसका इलाज किया। कुछ दिनों के बाद वह ठीक हो गया। अब उसकी समझ में आ गया था कि ‘स्वास्थ्य ही संपदा होती है।’ सीख : स्वास्थ्य से बढ़कर दूसरी कोई संपत्ति नहीं होती। व्यक्ति को अपने स्वास्थ्य का सदैव ध्यान रखना चाहिए।

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Textbook Solutions Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति अ (१): आकलन कृति

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

‘सदियों का जो सपना है हो जाए पूरा।’ इससे आप समझते हैं
Answer:
भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। अब बारिश के आने से वह फिर से हरी-भरी हो जाएगी।

कृति अ (२) : शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ पद्यांश में से ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।

1. मेघ
2. मोर
3. मृदा
4. ख्वाब

Answer:

1. बादल
2. मयूरा
3. माटी
4. सपना

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. सुगंध x ……..
2. पूरा x ………

Answer:

1. सुगंध x दुर्गंध
2. पूरा x अधूरा

वचन बदलिए।

1. सदी
2. हरियाली
3. टोली
4. आँखें

Answer:

1. सदियाँ
2. हरियालियाँ
3. टोलियाँ
4. आँख

निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द का तद्भव रूप लिखिए।

1. मयूर
2. हरित

Answer:

1. मोर
2. हरा या हरी

निम्नलिखित शब्द का देशज व तत्सम शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
मिट्टी
Answer:
देशज शब्द : माटी, तत्सम शब्द: मृदा

कृति अ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

आपने पहली बारिश के बाद चारों और महकने वाली मिट्टी की सुगंध को जरूर महसूस किया होगा। उस वक्त जो अनुभूति हुई थी, उसे अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
Answer:
बारिश के पहले भीषण गरमी के कारण मिट्टी तपती है। जैसे ही वर्षा की पहली बूंदें धरती पर आती हैं, वैसे ही तपती हुई मिट्टी शीतलता का अनुभव करने लगती है। फिर उसमें से जो गंध उठती है, उसका क्या कहना? मिट्टी की सोंधी सुगंध सभी को आकर्षित करती है। मैं पिछले वर्ष बरसात शुरू होने से पहले अपने गाँव गया था। वहाँ पर मैंने पहली बरसात का अनुभव किया था। बारिश रुकते ही अचानक से सारा वातावरण मिट्टी की भीनी-भीनी सोंधी खुशबू से प्रफुल्लित हो उठा। मानो वह सोंधी महक मुझे बता रही थी कि हम सब उससे जुड़े हैं। हमारा शरीर भी उसी से बना है। आखिर मिट्टी हमें जीवन देती है। सचमुच मिट्टी की उस सोंधी महक ने मेरे चित्त को प्रसन्न कर दिया था। आज भी वह महक मेरे रोम-रोम में समाई हुई है। उस सोंधी महक को महसूस हुए मुझे मनुष्य और मिट्टी के बीच जो गहरा रिश्ता है इसका एहसास भी हुआ था।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

कृति आ (२) : शब्द संपदा

‘रोली’ शब्द का अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
Answer:
सिंदूर, प्रसिद्ध भूमि, हल्दी व चूने का चूर्ण

निम्नलिखित तद्भव शब्द का तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

1. माथा
2. पेड़

Answer:

1. मस्तक
2. तरु

वचन बदलिए।

1. बोली
2. रोली
3. झोली
4. बगीचा

Answer:

1. बोलियाँ
2. रोलियाँ
3. झोलियाँ
4. बगीचे

कृति आ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

‘बारिश के बाद प्रकृति में होने वाला परिवर्तन’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
वर्षा ऋतु समस्त ऋतुओं की रानी है। बारिश होते ही चारों ओर हरियाली छा जाती है। वर्षा होने से तालाबों और नहरों में पानी भर जाता है। सागर अपनी मस्ती में लहरों के साथ नर्तन करता रहता है। वर्षा से सूखे पेड़-पौधों में भी जीवन आ जाता है। संपूर्ण वातावरण खुशनुमा हो जाता है। मिट्टी से सोंधी महक आनी शुरू हो जाती है। यह महक हमारे चित्त को प्रसन्न कर देती है। बारिश के बाद कृषकों में उल्लास बढ़ जाता है और वे अपने खेतों में लगन के साथ जुट जाते हैं। मोर प्रसन्न होकर नाचने लगते हैं और मेंढक टर्र-टर्र की आवाज करते रहते हैं। इस प्रकार बारिश के बाद प्रकृति की शोभा देखने लायक होती है।

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति इ (१): आकलन कृति

Question 1.
सदा-सदा से यह चली आई है –
Answer:
हँसी-ठिठोली

Question 2.
यह नतमस्तक हो गए हैं –
Answer:
कवि ‘अचूक’

निम्नलिखित शब्द पढ़कर ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए कि जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हों

Question 1.
माटी
Answer:
सोंधी-सौंधी-सी सुगंध किससे बात कर रही है?

Question 2.
मधुमास
Answer:
कवि ने पावस को किसकी उपमा दी है। (३) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

कृति इ (२) : शब्द संपदा

पद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
आस-विश्वास,
सदा-सदा,
हँसी-ठिठोली,
सोंधी-सौंधी-सी

निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द का तद्भव रूप लिखिए।

1. पद
2. मास

Answer:

1. पाँव या पैर
2. महीना

निम्नलिखित तद्भव शब्द का तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

1. हँसी

Answer:

1. हास्य

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची लिखिए।

1. मधुमास
2. पुष्प
3. आस
4. नत

Answer:

1. वसंत ऋतु
2. फूल
3. आशा
4. विनीत

कृति इ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

‘मनुष्य जीवन में वर्षा का महत्त्व’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
हमारा भारत देश कृषिप्रधान देश है। यदि बारिश समय पर न होगी, तो सूखा या दुर्भिक्ष (अकाल) की स्थिति निर्माण होने में देर नहीं लगेगी। वर्ष के बारह महीने में से तीन या चार महीनों तक लगातार बारिश होने के कारण प्रकृति का संतुलन बना रहता है। जल के बिना मनुष्य जीवन संभव नहीं। इसलिए हमारे जीवन में वर्षा का अत्यधिक महत्त्व है। वर्षा का मौसम तपती गरमी से राहत दिलाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती के बढ़े हुए तापमान को अपने अंदर समा लेती हैं। वर्षाकाल में लोग वर्षा का आनंद लेने के लिए पिकनिक मनाते हैं। वर्षा में सूखे हए तालाब, कुएँ और नदियाँ फिर से भर जाती हैं। इस कारण पूरे वर्ष तक मनुष्य को पीने के लिए पानी उपलब्ध होता है।

सोंधी सुगंध Summary in Hindi

सोंधी सुगंध कवि-परिचय

जीवन-परिचय : डॉ. कृपाशंकर शर्मा जी का जन्म उत्तर प्रदेश के एटा शहर में हुआ। हिंदी साहित्य में इन्हें ‘अचूक’ इस उपनाम से जाना
जाता है। इन्हें बालगीतकार एवं बालकहानीकार के रूप में अधिक जाना जाता है। इन्होंने कविता के विविध अंगों को सूक्ष्मता से जाना-पहचाना है। गीत, गजल, कविता एवं दोहे इनकी रचना का प्रमुख विषय रहे हैं। समीक्षा के क्षेत्र में भी इनका कार्य उल्लेखनीय हैं। पत्रकारिता के क्षेत्र में भी इनकी सक्रियता रही है।

प्रमुख कृतियाँ : ‘फिर भी कहना शेष रह गया’, ‘नदी उफान भरे’ (गीत संग्रह), ‘गीत खुशी के गाओ तुम’ (बालगीत संग्रह) आदि।

सोंधी सुगंध पद्य-परिचय

गीत : गीत हिंदी साहित्य की एक लोकप्रिय विधा है। स्वर, पद और ताल से युक्त जो गान होता है, वह ‘गीत’ कहलाता है। इसमें एक मुखड़ा तथा कुछ अंतरे होते हैं। प्रत्येक अंतरे के बाद मुखड़े को दोहराया जाता है। इसमें गेयता विद्यमान होती है।

प्रस्तावना : ‘सोंधी सुगंध’ इस गीत में कवि डॉ. कृपाशंकर शर्मा ‘अचूक’ जी ने वर्षा ऋतु का आगमन होने पर प्रकृति में छाई प्रसन्नता एवं खुशहाली का बड़ा ही सजीव एवं मनोहारी वर्णन किया है। वर्षा ऋतु में प्रकृति के विविध रूपों में होनेवाले परिवर्तन का अत्यंत आहलाददायी वर्णन प्रस्तुत कविता में किया गया है।

सोंधी सुगंध सारांश

प्रस्तुत कविता के माध्यम से स्पष्ट किया गया है कि प्रत्येक ऋतु का अपना महत्त्व और अपनी विशेषता है। भीषण गर्मी के कारण तापमान बढ़ता है। सभी भीषण गर्मी से व्याकुल हो जाते हैं। वर्षा तपती गर्मी से राहत दिलाती है। छम-छम करता हुआ पानी देख सबके चेहरे पर रौनक आ जाती है। पहली बारिश की बूंदें धरती को स्पर्श करती हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती हैं। वह वर्षा के कारण प्रकृति के विविध रूपों, वन्य-जीव, पेड़-पौधों, नदी-तालाबों आदि में होने वाले परिवर्तनों से सभी को रूबरू कराती हैं। वर्षा ऋतु एक प्रेरणादायी ऋतु है। वह प्रत्येक मानव के मन में आस एवं विश्वास भर देती है। इसलिए सदियों से वर्षा का स्वागत होता आ रहा है। सदियों से वर्षा के आगमन पर लोग खुश होते हैं और होते रहेंगे।

सोंधी सुगंध शब्दार्थ

• सोंधी – सुगंधित
• रोली – हल्दी-चूने का चूर्ण
• मंसूबा – विचार, इरादा
• मधुमास – वसंत ऋतु
• माटी – मिट्टी
• धरती – पृथ्वी
• मयूरा – मोर
• टोली – दल
• ताल-तलैया – तालाब-झरने
• पवन – हवा
• तरू – पेड़
• ‘अचूक’ – कवि का उपनाम

सोंधी सुगंध भावार्थ

सोंधी-सौंधी-सी …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा ऋतु के आगमन पर धरती पर बारिश की बूंदों का गिरना शुरू हो जाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती पर गिरकर मिट्टी को स्पर्श करती। हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती है। बारिश की बूंदों की अनुभूति से धरती प्रफुल्लित हो गई है। इसलिए जैसे ही बारिश थम जाती है; वैसे ही वह अपनी आँखें खोलती हैं। मोर को भी वर्षाऋतु अत्यंत प्रिय है।

अत: वह भी वर्षाऋतु में खुश होकर कह रहा है कि चारों ओर हरियाली ही हरियाली छा गई है। भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। बादल बरसने के बाद हरियाली-सा हरा वस्त्र धारण करने का धरती का जो सपना था; वह अब पूरा हो गया है। भला वर्षा के आगमन से कौन खुश नहीं होता?

प्रकृति के सभी अपादान अपनी-अपनी टोली में एकत्रित होकर आनंद व्यक्त कर रहे हैं। वर्षाऋतु के इस सुहावने व मनभावन मौसम में कोई भी अकेला रहना नहीं चाहता। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

बाग बगीचे …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा के आगमन से प्रकृति का प्रत्येक अंग हर्षित एवं प्रफुल्लित हो उठा है। बाग-बगीचे, ताल-तलैया आदि सब मुस्करा रहे हैं। पेड़ भी बरसात के मौसम में अपनी मस्ती में झूम रहे हैं। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि वे खुशी के गीत गा रहे हैं। वर्षा का साथ पाकर पवन भी आनंदविभोर हो गया है। उसने अपनी ठंड हवा की झोली प्रसन्न होकर खोल दी है। जिससे वातावरण और अधिक खुशनुमा हो गया है। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

सागर का जो …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा के आगमन से सागर की अपनी खुशी का इरादा भी सफल हो गया है। वह खुशी के उफान से भर गया है। सागर वर्षाऋतु में अपनी ही खुशियों की दुनिया में खो गया है। अत: वह अपनी लहरों के साथ नृत्य कर रहा है। वर्षा के आगमन के कारण धरती ने अपने तन पर हरियालीयुक्त हरित वस्त्र का परिधान धारण किया। धरती ने अपने मस्तक पर रोली लगाई है। वर्षा-उत्सव के लिए उसने श्रृंगार किया है।

सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

पावस का मधुमास …………………………. माटी से बोली।

पावस का मधुमास यानी वर्षाऋतु में वसंत जिस प्रकार वसंत ऋतु में वृक्षों पर नए पत्ते एवं फूल आते हैं। वैसे ही वर्षा ऋतु में प्रकृति सजती-संवरती है। सर्वत्र आनंद व्याप्त होता है। वर्षा ऋतु प्रत्येक मानव के मन में आस एवं विश्वास भर देती है। कवि भी वर्षा के इस आनंद से अछूते नहीं है। वह भी वर्षा ऋतु के सामने नतमस्तक होकर उसके स्वागत में पुष्प अर्पण करते हैं।

यह तो प्रतिवर्ष आने वाला उत्सव है। सदियों से वर्षा का स्वागत होता आ रहा है। सदियों से वर्षा के आगमन पर लोग खुश होते हैं और होते रहेंगे। यह हँसी-ठिठोली सदा से चलती आ रही है। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest पहली इकाई

• सोंधी सुगंध Question Answer
• खोया हुआ आदमी Question Answer
• सफर का साथी और सिरदर्द Question Answer
• जिन ढूँढ़ा Question Answer
• अनोखे राष्ट्रपति Question Answer
• ऐसा भी होता है (पठनार्थ) Question Answer
• दो लघुकथाएँ Question Answer
• कर्मवीर Question Answer

Std 9 Hindi Chapter 1 Chandni Raat Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Hindi Solutions Lokbharti Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Hindi Lokbharti 9th Digest Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Questions And Answers

Hindi Lokbharti 9th Std Digest Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Textbook Questions and Answers

1. सूचनानुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

(क) संजाल:

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल:

उत्तर:

(ख) चाँदनी रात की विशेषताएँ:

प्रश्न 1.
चाँदनी रात की विशेषताएँ:
उत्तर:

1. सुंदर चंद्रमा की झिलमिलाती किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं।
2. पृथ्वी और आकाश में स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है।
3. हरी-हरी घास की नोकों के माध्यम से पृथ्वी अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है।
4. सभी वृक्ष मंद-मंद वायु के झोंकों से झूमते प्रतीत होते हैं।
5. दूर-दूर तक फैली चाँदनी बहुत ही साफ दिखाई दे रही है।
6. रात सन्नाटे से भरी है, कोई शोर नहीं हो रहा है।
7. वायु स्वच्छंद होकर मंद-मंद गति से बह रही है।
8. इस समय पूर्व, पश्चिम आदि सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है।

2. निम्नलिखित पंक्तियों का सरल अर्थ लिखिए :

प्रश्न च.
चारु चंद्र ……….. झोंकों से ।
उत्तर:
भावार्थ: गुप्त जी चाँदनी रात का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि सुंदर चंद्रमा की किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं। संपूर्ण पृथ्वी तथा आकाश में स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है। पृथ्वी हरी-हरी घास की नोकों के माध्यम से अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है, मानो वृक्ष भी मंद-मंद वायु के झोंकों से झूम रहे हैं।

प्रश्न छ.
क्या ही स्वच्छ ………. शांत और चुपचाप ।
उत्तर:
भावार्थ: पंचवटी में दूर-दूर तक चाँदनी फैली हुई है, वह बहुत ही साफ दिखाई दे रही है। रात सन्नाटे से भरी है। कोई शब्द नहीं हो रहा है। वायु स्वच्छंद होकर अपनी स्वतंत्र चाल से मंद-मंद बह रही है। इस समय कौन-सी दिशा है जो आनंद नहीं ले रही है? अर्थात सभी दिशाएँ इस सौंदर्य से आनंदित हो रही हैं। उत्तरपश्चिम आदि सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है। कोई भी दिशा आनंद-शून्य नहीं है। ऐसे समय में भी नियति नामक शक्ति-विशेष के समस्त कार्य संपन्न हो रहे हैं। कोई रुकावट नहीं। वह एक भाव से अर्थात् अकेले-अकेले और चुपचाप अपने कर्तव्यों का निर्वाह किए जा रही है।

पाठ से आगे

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तर:
आकाश केवल बिजली नहीं चमकाता
पर्वत केवल चोटियाँ नहीं दिखलाता
पृथ्वी केवल भूकंप नहीं लाती
तारे केवल टिमटिमाते नहीं
वैसे ही, हाँ वैसे ही
मन में सिर्फ विचार नहीं आते
बल्कि विश्वास,
आस्था, प्रकाश, उदासी की
एक पावन श्रृंखला भी आती है।
जो मनुष्य को मनुष्य से जोड़कर
मानवता के एकसूत्र में बाँधती है।

संभाषणीय :

शरद पूर्णिमा त्योहार के बारे में चर्चा कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
शरद पूर्णिमा त्योहार के बारे में चर्चा कीजिए।
उत्तरः

• गौरी – अरे राधिका, आज बहुत फूल-माला खरीद रही हो, क्या बात है?
• राधिका – गौरी तुम्हें मालूम नहीं कि आज शरद पूर्णिमा की रात होगी।
• गौरी – अरे! मैं तो भूल ही गई थी।
• राधिका – क्या तुम्हें मालूम है, यह त्योहार कब मनाया जाता है?
• गौरी – हाँ, मालूम है, शरदीय नवरात्र के बाद पड़ने वाली पूर्णिमा को यह त्योहार मनाते हैं। परंतु इस त्योहार की क्या मान्यता है?
• राधिका – ‘शरद पूर्णिमा’ हिंदुओं का प्रसिद्ध त्योहार है। ज्योतिष के अनुसार, पूरे साल में केवल इसी दिन चंद्रमा सोलह कलाओं से परिपूर्ण होता है। ऐसी मान्यता भी है कि आश्विन शुक्ल पक्ष में पड़ने वाली पूर्णिमा के दिन चंद्रमा से अमृत वर्षा होती है।
• गौरी – राधिका, इस त्योहार के दिन किसकी व्रत-पूजा होती है?
• राधिका – गौरी, इस दिन माँ लक्ष्मी का व्रत रखते हैं । पूरे वर्ष हम स्वस्थ और सुख-शांति से रहें, इसके लिए हम उनकी पूजा-अर्चना करते हैं।
• गौरी – इसकी पूजा की विधि क्या है , राधिका?
• राधिका – इस दिन मूर्ति बनाने वाले कारीगर के पास से एक लक्ष्मी की मूर्ति लाते हैं। पाँच तरह के फल व सब्जियों के साथ नारियल अर्पित कर उनकी पूजा करते हैं तथा उस मूर्ति को पूरे साल सँभाल कर रखते हैं। अगले वर्ष फिर शरद पूर्णिमा के दिन उस मूर्ति को विसर्जित कर नई प्रतिमा रखते हैं। इस दिन मंदिरों में भी विशेष पूजा-अर्चना होती है।
• गौरी – तुमसे मिलकर बहुत प्रसन्नता हुई। इतनी अच्छी जानकारी देने के लिए धन्यवाद!

भाषा बिंदु :

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश का भावार्थ लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश का भावार्थ लिखिए।

उत्तरः

Hindi Lokbharti 9th Answers Chapter 1 चाँदनी रात Additional Important Questions and Answers

पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति (1) आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए।
i. ये अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है
ii. ये वायु के झोंकों से झूम रहे हैं
उत्तर:
i. पृथ्वी
ii. वृक्ष

प्रश्न 2.
चौखट पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
चौखट पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
समझकर लिखिए।
i. पंचवटी की छाया में बना है
ii. धनुर्धर इस पर बैठा हुआ है
उत्तर:
i. पर्णकुटीर
ii. स्वच्छ शिला पर

कृति (2) आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
सही शब्द चुनकर वाक्य फिर से लिखिए।
i. क्या ही स्वच्छ/सुगंध चाँदनी है यह।
ii. नियति नदी/नटी के कार्य-कलाप।
उत्तरः
i. क्या ही स्वच्छ चाँदनी है यह।
ii. नियति नटी के कार्य-कलाप ।

प्रश्न 3.
आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 4.
सत्य या असत्य पहचानकर लिखिए।
i. पंचवटी में अंधेरी रात है।
ii. सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है।
उत्तर:
i. असत्य
ii. सत्य कृति

प्रश्न 5.
चौखट पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 6.
सत्य या असत्य पहचानकर लिखिए।
i. पृथ्वी मोतियों को समेट लेती है।
ii. सूर्य सबेरा होने पर मोतियों को बिखेर देता है।
उत्तर:
i. असत्य
ii. असत्य

प्रश्न 7.
एक-एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए।
i. सबके सो जाने पर मोती ये बिखेरती है
ii. सुबह होने पर मोतियों को ये बटोर लेता है
उत्तर:
i. वसुंधरा
ii. रवि

प्रश्न 8.
सत्य या असत्य पहचानकर लिखिए।
i. कुटीर पत्थरों का बना है।
ii. कुटीर में धौर-वीर निर्भीक मनवाला युवक बैठा है।
उत्तर:
i. असत्य
ii. असत्य

कृति (3) भावार्थ

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश का भावार्थ लिखिए ।

प्रश्न 1.
है बिखेर देती ……………………… छलकता है।।
भावार्थ:
चाँदनी रात में पृथ्वी सबके सो जाने पर ओस रूपी मोतियों को बिखेर देती है। सूर्य हमेशा सुबह होने पर उन मोतियों को अपनी किरणों से बटोर लेता है और अस्त होने से पहले ही वह आराम प्रदान करने वाली संध्या देकर चला जाता है। मानो आकाश को साँवला शरीर देकर वह अपना नया-सा रूप छलका जाता है।

प्रश्न 2.
पंचवटी की ………………………… होता है।।
भावार्थः
कवि कहता है कि पंचवटी की घनी छाया में पत्तों की एक सुंदर कुटिया बनी हुई है। इस कुटिया के सामने एक स्वच्छ तथा विशाल पत्थर पड़ा हुआ है और उस पत्थर के ऊपर धैर्यशाली, निर्भय मनवाला पुरुष बैठा हुआ है। सारा संसार सो रहा है परंतु यह धनुषधारी इस समय भी जाग रहा है। यह वीर ऐसा दिखाई पड़ता है जैसे भोग करनेवाला कामदेव यहाँ योगी बनकर आ बैठा हो।

लेखनीय :

प्रश्न 1.
प्रकृति मनुष्य की मित्र है’, स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तरः
संदर्भ के लिए परिच्छेद (4) का स्वमत देखिए।

कल्पना पल्टन :

प्रश्न 1.
पुलक प्रगट करती है धरती हरित तणों की ‘नोकों से’ इस पंक्ति का कल्पना विस्तार कीजिए।
उत्तरः
चाँदनी रात में धरती से लेकर आकाश तक पूरी प्रकृति सुंदर और स्वच्छ किरणों में सराबोर है। धरती का कण-कण इन किरणों से दिप्त हो रहा है। धरती पर फैली हुई हरी-हरी घास की नोकों पर ओस की बूंदें पड़ी हैं, जिस पर चाँद की उज्ज्वल किरणें पड़ने से वे मोतियों की तरह चमक रही हैं। इनको देखकर ऐसा लगता है मानों धरती इन घास की नोकों पर चमकने वाली मोतियों के माध्यम से अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही हैं।

पद्य-विश्लेषण :

कविता का नाम – चाँदनी रात
कविता की विधा – खंडकाव्य
पसंदीदा पंक्ति – चारू चंद्र की चंचल किरणें खेल रही हैं जल-थल में। स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है अवनि और अंबर तल में।

पसंदीदा होने का कारण –
उपर्युक्त पंक्ति मेरी पसंदीदा पंक्ति है क्योंकि उसमें ‘च’ वर्ष की बार-बार पुनरावृत्ति होने से अनुमास अलंकार की छटा दिखलाई दे रही है। इस कारण कविता के सौंदर्य में वृद्धि हो गई है।

कविता से प्राप्त संदेश या प्रेरणा –
प्रस्तुत कविता से प्रेरणा यह मिलती है कि व्यक्ति को चाँदनी रात की तरह अपना जीवन सुंदर बनाना चाहिए। मनुष्य को प्रकृति के प्रति कृतज्ञ रहना चाहिए। प्रकृति मनुष्य के जीवन को शक्ति एवं आनंद प्रदान करती है। अत: उसे प्रकृति के साथ खिलवाड़ नहीं करना चाहिए। प्रकृति के संतुलन को बनाए रखने के लिए व्यक्ति को पेड़ लगाने चाहिए।

चाँदनी रात Summary in Hindi

कवि-परिचय:

जीवन-परिचय: मैथिलीशरण गुप्त जी खड़ी बोली के महत्त्वपूर्ण कवि हैं। इनका जन्म उत्तर प्रदेश में झाँसी जिले के चिरगाँव में हुआ। 12 वर्ष की अवस्था में उन्होंने ब्रजभाषा में कविता की रचना आरंभ की। उनकी रचनाएँ पवित्रता, नैतिकता, मानवीय संवेदनाओं और विशेषकर नारी के प्रति करुणा की भावना से ओतप्रोत हैं। उनकी रचनाओं से प्रसन्न होकर गाँधी जी ने उन्हें ‘राष्ट्रकवि’ की उपाधि दी। 12 दिसंबर 1964 ई. को दिल का दौरा पड़ने के कारण इनका निधन हो गया।
प्रमुख कृतियाँ: महाकाव्य – ‘साकेत’, खंडकाव्य – ‘यशोधरा’, ‘जयद्रथ वध’, ‘पंचवटी’, ‘भारत-भारती’, नाटक – ‘रंग में भंग’, ‘राजा-प्रजा’ आदि।

पद्य-परिचय:

खंडकाव्य: खंडकाव्य में मानव जीवन की किसी एक ही घटना की प्रधानता होती है। प्रासंगिक कथाओं को इसमें स्थान नहीं मिलता।
प्रस्तावना: प्रस्तुत कविता ‘चाँदनी रात’ पंचवटी खंडकाव्य से ली गई है। कवि मैथिलीशरण गुप्त जी ने इस कविता में प्रकृति की छटा का सुंदर रूप बड़े ही माधुर्य के साथ अभिव्यंजित किया है तथा चाँदनी रात का मनोहारी वर्णन सुंदर शब्दों में चित्रित किया है।

सारांश:

कवि चाँदनी रात का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि चंद्रमा की किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं। पृथ्वी से लेकर आकाश तक सर्वत्र चाँदनी बिछी हुई है। पूरी प्रकृति चाँदनी में सराबोर है। रात सन्नाटे में डूबी हुई है। वायु स्वच्छंद होकर मंद-मंद बह रही है। सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है। नियति चुपचाप अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन कर रही है। ऐसे में पंचवटी की छटा बहुत ही निराली प्रतीत होती है। उसकी घनी छाया में पत्तों की एक सुंदर कुटिया बनी हुई है। इसके सामने स्वच्छ शिला के ऊपर धैर्यशाली, निडर मनवाला एक पुरुष बैठा हुआ है। यह वीर ऐसा दिखाई पड़ता है जैसे कामदेव योगी बनकर बैठा है।

भावार्थ:

चारु चंद्र की …………………………. झोंकों से।।
गुप्त जी चाँदनी रात का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि सुंदर चंद्रमा की किरणें जल और थल में फैली हुई हैं। संपूर्ण पृथ्वी तथा आकाश में स्वच्छ चाँदनी बिछी हुई है। पृथ्वी हरी-हरी घास की नोकों के माध्यम से अपनी खुशी प्रकट कर रही है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है, मानो वृक्ष भी
मंद-मंद वायु के झोंकों से झूम रहे हैं।

क्या ही स्वच्छ ………………………….. और चुपचाप।।
पंचवटी में दूर-दूर तक चाँदनी फैली हुई है, वह बहुत ही साफ दिखाई दे रही है। रात सन्नाटे से भरी है। कोई शब्द नहीं हो रहा है। वायु स्वच्छंद होकर अपनी स्वतंत्र चाल से मंद-मंद बह रही है । इस समय कौन-सी दिशा है जो आनंद नहीं ले रही है ? अर्थात सभी दिशाएँ इस सौंदर्य से आनंदित हो रही हैं। उत्तर-पश्चिम आदि सभी दिशाओं में आनंद ही आनंद व्याप्त है। कोई भी दिशा आनंद-शून्य नहीं है। ऐसे समय में भी नियति नामक शक्ति-विशेष के समस्त कार्य संपन्न हो रहे हैं। कोई रुकावट नहीं। वह एक भाव से अर्थात् अकेले-अकेले और चुपचाप अपने कर्तव्यों का निर्वाह किए जा रही है।

है बिखेर देती …………………………… छलकाता है।।
चाँदनी रात में पृथ्वी सबके सो जाने पर ओस रूपी मोतियों को बिखेर देती है। सूर्य हमेशा सुबह होने पर उन मोतियों को अपनी किरणों . से बटोर लेता है और अस्त होने से पहले ही वह आराम प्रदान करने वाली संध्या देकर चला जाता है। मानो आकाश को साँवला शरीर देकर वह अपना नया-सा रूप छलका जाता है।

पंचवटी की ……….. …………….. होता है।।
कवि कहते है कि पंचवटी की घनी छाया में पत्तों की एक सुंदर कुटिया बनी हुई है। इस कुटिया के सामने एक स्वच्छ तथा विशाल पत्थर पड़ा हुआ है और उस पत्थर के ऊपर धैर्यशाली, निर्भय मनवाला पुरुष बैठा हुआ है। सारा संसार सो रहा है परंतु यह धनुषधारी कौन है जो इस समय भी जाग रहा है? यह वीर ऐसा दिखाई पड़ता है जैसे भोग करनेवाला कामदेव यहाँ योगी बनकर आ बैठा हो।

शब्दार्थ:

1. चारु – सुंदर
2. थल – धरती
3. स्वच्छ – साफ, निर्मल
4. चाँदनी – चंद्रमा की किरणें
5. अवनि – धरती
6. अंबर – आकाश
7. पुलक – खुशी,रोमांच
8. तृण – घास
9. झूम – झूमना
10. तरु – पेड़
11. निस्तब्ध – सन्नाटे से भरी
12. निशा – रात
13. स्वच्छंद – स्वतंत्र
14. सुमंद – मंद-मंद
15. गंधवाह – वायु
16. निरानंद – आनंदरहित
17. नियति – नियतिरूपी
18. नटी – नर्तकी
19. कार्य-कलाप – क्रिया-कलाप, गतिविधि
20. एकांत – सुनसान, विरान
21. वसुंधरा – धरती
22. विरामदायिनी – आराम देने वाली
23. शून्य – आकाश
24. श्याम तनु – साँवला शरीर
25. पर्ण कुटीर – पत्तों की कुटिया
26. सम्मुख – सामने
27. शिला – चट्टान, पत्थर
28. निर्भीक मना – निडर मन वाला
29. भुवन – संपूर्ण संसार
30. भोगी – भोग करनेवाला
31. कुसुमायुध – कामदेव
32. योगी – तपस्वी
33. दृष्टिगत – जो दिखाई पड़ता है

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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 1 सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 9 Marathi Aksharbharati Chapter 1 सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा Question Answer Maharashtra Board

सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा Std 9 Marathi Chapter 9 Questions and Answers

कवीचा परिचय :

नाव : विष्णु वामन शिरवाडकर
कालावधी : 1912 – 1999

ज्ञानपीठ पारितोषिक विजेते, प्रसिद्ध लेखक, कवी, नाटककार. ‘जीवनलहरी’, विशाखा’, ‘समिधा’, ‘स्वगत’, ‘हिमरेषा’, ‘वादळवेल’, ‘मारवा’, ‘किनारा’ इत्यादी काव्यसंग्रह; ‘वैजयंती’, ‘राजमुकुट’, ‘कौतेय’, ‘नटसम्राट’, ‘वीज महणाली धरतीला’, ‘विदूषक’ इत्यादी नाटके प्रसिद्ध.

प्रस्तावना :

‘सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा’ ही प्रार्थना कवी कुसुमाग्रज यांनी लिहिली आहे. या प्रार्थनेत परमेश्वरास वंदन करून अंधारातून उजेडाकडे नेण्याची, संकटातही सामना करण्याची शक्ती देण्याची विनंती कवीने केली आहे.

A famous poet Kusumagraj has written the prayer Sarvatmaka Shivsundara’. In this prayer, the poet is seeking guidance from the almighty God. He is asking the Lord to bestow upon him the strength to survive in all tough, difficult situations. He is asking the God to transport him from the darkness of everyday life to enlightenment

भावार्थ :

सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा …………………….. आमुच्या ने जीवना।।
हे सर्व प्राणीमात्रांच्या ठिकाणी असलेल्या शिवसुंदरा परमेश्वरा, तू आमचे वंदन स्वीकार कर. हे परमेश्वरा, तू आमच्या जीवनाला अंधाराकडून प्रकाशाकडे घेऊन जा. आमच्या जीवनाला योग्य मार्ग दाखव.

सुमनांत तू गगनात …………………….. चोहीकडे रूपे तुझी जाणीव ही माझ्या मना ।।
हे परमेश्वरा, सुमनात म्हणजेच प्रत्येक फुलात, गगनात तूच सामावलेला आहे. तान्यांमध्ये देखील तू फुललेला म्हणजेच भरलेला, व्यापलेला आहेस. या जगामध्ये जे जे सद्धमनि वागतात त्या सर्वांमध्ये तू राहतोस. या सृष्टीमध्ये चोहीकडे तुझीच रूपे आहेत, याची मला जाणीव आहे.

श्रमतोस तू शेतामधे ……………………. तिथे तुझे पद पावना ।।
हे परमेश्वरा, शेतामध्ये त्या कष्ट करणाऱ्या लोकांबरोबर तू स्वत: मेहनत करतोस. या जगामध्ये जे जे दुःखी, कष्टी जीवनाने त्रासलेले आहेत, त्या लोकांची आसवे तू पुसतोस. म्हणजेच या सर्वांचे दुःख, त्रास तू दूर करतोस. जिथे कोणत्याही स्वार्थाशिवाय तुझी सेवा केली जाते, तिथे तुझे पावन चरण पाहायला मिळतात. तिथे तुझे अस्तित्व जाणवते.

न्यायार्थ जे लढती रणी………………….मुनी होतोस त्यांची साधना।।
पुढे कवी सांगतात की, जे लोक अन्यायाविरुद्ध लढतात, न्यायासाठी तलवार हातात घेऊन रणांगणावर लवण्यासाठी जातात, त्यांच्या हातातल्या तलवारीमध्ये परमेश्वरा तू राहतोस. तसेच जे लोक ध्येयवेडे असतात. जे आपले ध्येय प्राप्त करण्यासाठी अंधारातून (संकटातून) ही मार्ग काढतात तू त्यांच्यामध्ये दीप बनून राहतोस. त्यांच्यात आत्मविश्वास, हिंमत निर्माण करतोस. म्हणजेच ध्येय प्राप्तीचा योग्य मार्ग तू त्यांना दाखवतोस. तसेच जे ज्ञानाची लालसा मनामध्ये धरून त्याची कास धरतात, त्यासाठी तप करतात, त्यांची ज्ञानसाधना तू होतोस.

करुणाकरा करुणा तुझी ………………. नित जगवि भीतीवाना।।
कवी परमेश्वराला सांगतो, हे करुणाकरा तुझा आशीर्वाद पाठीशी असताना मला कुठलीही भीती नाही. त्यामुळे आयुष्याच्या वाटेवर चालताना माझ्या प्रत्येक पावलाबरोबर तुझे पाऊल असेल, याची मला पक्की खात्री आहे. त्यामुळे माझ्याकडून नेहमीच सूजनत्व मणजेच नवनिर्मिती होईल. माझ्या मनात त्याविषयी कोणतीच भीती असणार नाही.

शब्दार्थ :

1. ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार – साहित्य क्षेत्रातील सर्वोत्कृष्ट पुरस्कार
2. सर्वात्मका – सर्व प्राणिमात्रांच्या ठिकाणी असलेला जीवात्मा, परमेश्वर (the soul of all, the entire self)
3. शिव – शंकर (God Shiva)
4. सुंदरा – सुंदर (beautiful)
5. स्वीकार – अंगीकार (acceptance)
6. अभिवादन – वंदन, नमन (salutation)
7. तिमिर – अंधार, काळोख (darkness)
8. तेज – प्रकाश, लकाकी (brightness)
9. प्रभु – ईश्वर, देव (God, Lord)
10. जीवन – आयुष्य (life)
11. सुमन – फूल (a flower)
12. गगन – आकाश, नभ (the sky)
13. तारा – चांदणी (star)
14. सद्धर्म – चांगला धर्म, सदाचार (good quality, good conduct)
15. जग – दुनिया, विश्व (the world, the universe)
16. वसणे – राहणे, वस्ती करणे (to establish, to stay)
17. चोहिकडे – सभोवार, सर्वत्र (everywhere, all round)
18. रूप – आकार (form, shape)
19. जाणीव – बोध, आकलन (consciousness, realization)
20. मन – चित्त, अंत:करण (the mind)
21. राबसी – राबतोस, भरपूर कष्ट करतोस (to work hard)
22. श्रमिक – कामकरी, कष्ट करणारा (a labour, a worker)
23. रंजले – त्रासले (to be harassed)
24. गांजणे – त्रासून जाणे, सतावले जाणे (to be harassed)
25. आसवे – अश्रू (tears)
26. स्वार्थ – स्वत:चा लाभ, मतलब (selfishness)
27. पद – पाय, पाऊल (a foot, a foot step)
28. न्याय – नीती (justice)
29. रण – रणभूमी, युद्धाची जागा, रणांगण (battlefield)
30. कर – हस्त, ह्यत (hand)
31. ध्येय – उद्दिष्ट, साध्य (a goal, an aim)
32. तमी – तम, अंधकार काळोख (darkness)
33. अंतरी – आतमध्ये (in interior)
34. ज्ञान – माहिती, प्रतिती (knowledge)
35. तपती – तपतात (experience burning, blazing, heat)
36. मुनि – ऋषी, साधू, तपस्वी (a holy sage)
37. साधना – तपश्चर्या (penance)
38. करुणा – दया (compassion, mercy)
39. भय – भीती, धास्ती (fear, fright)
40. मार्ग – रस्ता (way)
41. सदा – नेहमी (always)
42. तव – तुझे (yours)
43. पावले – पाऊले, पाय (feet)
44. सूजनत्व – नवनिर्मिती (creation)
45. नित – नेहमी, सदा (always, daily, everyday)
46. जगवि – जागव (to wake up)

9th Std Marathi Questions And Answers:

• सर्वात्मका शिवसुंदरा (प्रार्थना) Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (अ) भेटीलागी जीवा – संत तुकाराम Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (आ) संतकृपा झाली – संत बहिणाबाई Class 9 Question Answer
• ‘बेटा, मी ऐकतो आहे!’ Class 9 Question Answer
• जी. आय. पी. रेल्वे Class 9 Question Answer
• काझीरंगा (स्थूलवाचन) Class 9 Question Answer

Introduction to Partnership and Partnership Final Accounts 12th BK Commerce Chapter 1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Partnership and Partnership Final Accounts Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12 Commerce BK Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions

I. Objective Questions:

A. Select the most appropriate alternatives from the following and rewrite the sentences:

Question 1.
When there is no partnership agreement between partners, the division of profits takes place in ____________ ratio.
(a) equal
(b) capital ratio
(c) initial contribution
(d) experience and tenure of partners
Answer:
(a) equal

Question 2.
To find out Net Profit or Net Loss of the business ____________ Account is prepared.
(a) Trading
(b) Capital
(c) Current
(d) Profit & Loss
Answer:
(d) Profit & Loss

Question 3.
A ____________ is an Intangible Asset.
(a) Goodwill
(b) Stock
(c) Cash
(d) Furniture
Answer:
(a) Goodwill

Question 4.
In the absence of an agreement, interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm is allowed at the rate of ____________
(a) 5%
(b) 6%
(c) 10%
(d) 9%
Answer:
(b) 6%

Question 5.
Liability of partners in a partnership business is ____________
(a) limited
(b) unlimited
(c) limited and unlimited
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) unlimited

Question 6.
The Indian Partnership Act is in force since ____________
(a) 1932
(b) 1881
(c) 1956
(d) 1984
Answer:
(a) 1932

Question 7.
Maximum number of Partners in a firm are ____________ according to Companies Act, 2013.
(a) 10
(b) 25
(c) 20
(d) 50
Answer:
(d) 50

B. Write the word/phrase/term, which can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
Persons who form the partnership firm.
Answer:
Partners

Question 2.
Amount of cash or goods withdrawn by partners from the business from time to time.
Answer:
Drawings

Question 3.
An association of two or more persons according to Indian Partnership Act 1932.
Answer:
Partnership firm

Question 4.
Act under which partnership firms are regulated.
Answer:
Indian Partnership Act

Question 5.
Process of entering the name of the partnership firm in the register of the Registrar.
Answer:
Registration

Question 6.
Partnership agreement in written form.
Answer:
Partnership Deed

Question 7.
Under this method capital, balances of partners remain constant.
Answer:
Fixed Capital Method

Question 8.
Proportion in which partners share profit.
Answer:
Profit-Sharing Ratio

Question 9.
Such a capital method in which only Capital Account is maintained for each partner.
Answer:
Fluctuating Capital Method

Question 10.
The account to which all adjustments are made when capital is fixed.
Answer:
Current Account

Question 11.
Expenses that are paid before they are due.
Answer:
Prepaid expenses

Question 12.
The accounts are prepared at the end of each accounting year.
Answer:
Final Accounts

Question 13.
An asset that can be converted into cash easily.
Answer:
Current Assets or Liquid Assets

Question 14.
Order in which fixed assets are recorded first in the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
Order of liquidation

Question 15.
The account in which selling expenses of the business are recorded.
Answer:
Profit and Loss Account

Question 16.
Debit balance of Trading Account.
Answer:
Gross loss

Question 17.
The credit balance of Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Net profit

C. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons:

Question 1.
A partnership firm is a Non-Trading concern.
Answer:
This statement is False.
The main aim of a partnership firm Is to earn maximum profit. The partnership is a trading concern. It undertakes either manufacturing or distributive activities with the sole aim of earning profit and distribute that profit among the partners in a specific ratio. It is never formed for charitable purposes.

Question 2.
A profit and Loss Account is a Real Account.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Account of expenses, losses, gains, and incomes is called a Nominal account. The profit and Loss Account contains all indirect expenses and indirect incomes of the firm. Therefore, a Profit and Loss Account is a Nominal Account and not a real account.

Question 3.
Carriage inward is carriage on purchase.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Total transport expenses incurred on bringing the goods from market to the place of business is called the carriage. When goods are purchased, the carriage is supposed to be borne by the firm. It is known as carriage inward. It means carriage paid on purchase.

Question 4.
Adjustments are recorded in Partners Current Account in Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
This statement is True.
In Fixed Capital Method, as the name suggests capital balances (opening and closing) are generally remain fixed. Under this method, adjustments are not to be recorded in Capital Account. All adjustments are recorded in a separate account called Partners’ Current Accounts.

Question 5.
Prepaid expenses are treated as liabilities.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Prepaid expenses are expenses that are paid before they are due. Therefore, they are considered an asset of the business organization.

Question 6.
If the partnership deed is silent, partners share profits and losses in proportion to their capital.
Answer:
This statement is False.
As per the provisions made under the Indian Partnership Act 1932, when a partnership deed is silent about profit and loss sharing ratio, partners are supposed to share profits and losses in equal proportion, and not in their capital ratio.

Question 7.
Balance Sheet is an Account.
Answer:
This statement is False.
A financial statement showing all assets and liabilities is called a Balance sheet. It is not an account. It is a position statement that shows various assets owned by the firm and various liabilities owned by it. On the left-hand side, all liabilities are listed and on the right-hand side, all assets are recorded.

Question 8.
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a Revenue expenditure.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a capital expenditure and therefore it is added to the cost of machinery. It is generally, paid once in a life of an asset. It is a long-term and capital expenditure.

Question 9.
Income received in advance is a liability.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When Income in respect to next year, it received in the current year, it is known as income received in advance. So, in next year firm will not be able to receive that amount and therefore it is considered as a liability for the current year.

Question 10.
R.D.D. is created on Creditors.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
R.D.D. stands for Reserve for Doubtful Debts. It is created on the value of debtors. Such provision is made against profit and loss accounts. In the future, if the loss is incurred on account of bad debts, such an amount is used to run the business.

Question 11.
Depreciation is not calculated on Current Assets.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Current Assets mean liquid assets having no fixed tenure therefore depreciation cannot be calculated on it. Depreciation is calculated and charged on fixed assets for their use, wear and tear, etc.

Question 12.
Goodwill is an intangible asset.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Goodwill is a reputation of business computed in terms of money. Reputation can be experienced but can’t be seen or felt. Therefore, Goodwill is an intangible asset.

Question 13.
Indirect expenses are debited to Trading Account.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
Indirect expenses mean expenses that are not directly related to the production of goods and services. Therefore, indirect expenses cannot be debited to Trading Account. All indirect expenses are debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

Question 14.
A bank loan is a current liability.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
A loan usually taken for the period of more than 1 year say 5 years from the bank is called Bank Loan. It is a long term loan. It is not repaid within 1 year but paid in installments over a number of years. It might be paid in lumpsum at the expiry of the term.

Question 15.
Net profit is the debit balance of Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
In a Profit and Loss Account, when the credit side total i.e. a total of incomes is more than the debit side total, i.e. expenses it is known as a credit balance. When incomes exceed expenses there is profit. Therefore credit balance of the Profit and Loss Account indicates net profit.

D. Find an odd one.

Question 1.
Wages, Salary, Royalty, Import Duty
Answer:
Salary

Question 2.
Postage, Stationery, Advertising, Purchases
Answer:
Purchases

Question 3.
Capital, Bills Receivable, Reserve fund, Bank overdraft
Answer:
Bills Receivable

Question 4.
Building, Machinery, Furniture, Bills Payable
Answer:
Bill Payable

Question 5.
Discount received, Dividend received, Interest received, Depreciation
Answer:
Depreciation

E. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Partners share profits & losses in ____________ ratio in the absence of partnership deed.
Answer:
equal

Question 2.
Registration of partnership is ____________ in India.
Answer:
optional

Question 3.
Partnership business must be ____________
Answer:
lawful

Question 4.
Liabilities of partners in partnership firm is ____________
Answer:
unlimited

Question 5.
The balance of the Drawings Account of a partner is transferred to his ____________ account under the Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
Current

Question 6.
The interest on capital of a partner is debited to ____________ account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss

Question 7.
Partners are ____________ liable for the debts of the firm.
Answer:
joint & several

Question 8.
Partnership Deed is an ____________ of Partnership.
Answer:
Article

Question 9.
The withdrawal by the partner for personal use from the firm is ____________ to his account.
Answer:
debited

Question 10.
Commission payable to partner is ____________ to the firm.
Answer:
liability/outstanding expense

Question 11.
When partners adopt Fixed Capital Method then they have to operate ____________ Account.
Answer:
Partner’s Current

Question 12.
If the partners Current Account shows ____________ balance it is shown to the Liability side of the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
credit

Question 13.
The expenses paid for trading purpose are known as ____________ expenses.
Answer:
trade

Question 14.
Cash receipts which are recurring in nature are called as ____________ Receipts.
Answer:
Revenue

Question 15.
Return outward are deducted from ____________
Answer:
purchase

Question 16.
Expenses which are paid before due date are called as ____________
Answer:
Prepaid Expenses

Question 17.
Assets which are held in the business for a long period are called ____________
Answer:
Fixed Assets

Question 18.
Trading Account is prepared on the basis of ____________ expenses.
Answer:
direct

Question 19.
When commission is allowed to any partner, it is ____________ of the business.
Answer:
expenditure

Question 20.
When goods are distributed as free samples, it is treated as ____________ of the business.
Answer:
advertisement expense

F. Answer in one sentence only:

Question 1.
What is Fluctuating Capital?
Answer:
When capital balances of the partners go on changing every year due to transactions of partners with the firm, it is known as Fluctuating Capital.

Question 2.
Why is Partnership Deed necessary?
Answer:
Partnership Deed is necessary to prevent disputes or misunderstandings among the partners in the future.

Question 3.
If the Partnership Deed is silent, in which ratio, the partners will share the profit or loss?
Answer:
If the Partnership Deed is silent, partners will share profits and losses in equal ratio.

Question 4.
What is the Fixed Capital Method?
Answer:
Fixed Capital Method is one in which capital balances of the partners remain the same at the end of every financial year unless any amount of additional capital is introduced or part of the capital is withdrawn by the partner from the business.

Question 5.
How many partners are required to form a partnership firm?
Answer:
Minimum two persons are required to form a partnership firm.

Question 6.
What is Partnership Deed?
Answer:
A partnership deed is a written agreement duly stamped and signed document containing the terms and conditions of the partnership.

Question 7.
What are the objectives of the Partnership Firm?
Answer:
To earn a maximum profit is the main objective of the partnership firm.

Question 8.
What rate of interest is allowed on a partner’s loan in the absence of an agreement?
Answer:
6 % is the rate of interest to be allowed on a partner’s loan in the absence of an agreement.

Question 9.
What is the minimum number of partners in a partnership firm according to the Indian Partnership Act 1932?
Answer:
Minimum two persons are required a number of partners in a partnership firm according to Indian Partnership Act 1932.

Question 10.
What is the liability of a partner?
Answer:
The liability of a partner (except minor partner) is unlimited.

Question 11.
In the absence of Partnership Deed, what is the rate of interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm is allowed?
Answer:
In the absence of Partnership Deed, 6% is the rate of interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm.

Question 12.
What do you mean by pre-received income?
Answer:
Income that is received by the partnership firm before it is due is called pre-received income.

Question 13.
What is the effect of the adjustment of provision for discount on debtors in the final accounts of partnership?
Answer:
The effects of the adjustment of provision for discount on debtors in the final accounts of partnership are as follows:
Debit Profit and Loss A/c and deduct the amount of provision for discount on debtors from the number of debtors.

Question 14.
When are the Partners Current Account is opened?
Answer:
When Fixed Capital Method is adopted by the firm, Partners’s Current Account is opened.

Question 15.
As per which principle of accounting, closing stock is valued at cost price or at market price whichever is less?
Answer:
As per the Conservatism principle of accounting, the closing stock is valued at cost price or at market price whichever is less.

Question 16.
What is the provision of the Indian Partnership Act with regard to Interest on Capital?
Answer:
As per the provision of the Indian Partnership Act, Interest in Capital is not to be allowed.

Question 17.
Why is the Balance Sheet prepared?
Answer:
The Balance Sheet is prepared to know the financial position of the business in the form of its assets and liabilities on a particular date.

Question 18.
Why wages paid for the installation of machinery are not shown in Trading Account?
Answer:
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a capital expenditure and it is not to be recorded in Trading Account.

Question 19.
What do you mean by indirect incomes?
Answer:
All incomes other than direct incomes are called indirect incomes.
[e.g. Interest received on investments, Incomes like discount, commission, dividend, rent, etc. received].

Question 20.
Why partners capital is treated as a long-term liability of business?
Answer:
Partner’s Capital is not refunded during the existence of the partnership firm unless the partner is retired or expired.

G. Do you agree/disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
When Partnership Deed is silent, partners share profits of the firm according to capital ratio.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 2.
The current Account always shows a debit balance.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 3.
It is compulsory to have a partnership agreement in writing.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 4.
Partnership Firm is a trading concern.
Answer:
Agree

Question 5.
Interest in the capital is an expenditure for the partnership firm.
Answer:
Agree

Question 6.
A partnership is an association of two or more persons.
Answer:
Agree

Question 7.
Partners are entitled to get a Salary or Commission.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 8.
The balance of the Capital Account remains constant under Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
Agree

Question 9.
The Indian Partnership Act came into existence in the year 1945.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 10.
Profit and Loss Account reflects the true financial position.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 11.
The amount borrowed by a partner from his business will be debited to the Current Account.
Answer:
Agree

Question 12.
Sold but undispatched goods must be part of the valuation of closing stock.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 13.
Carriage inward is a selling and distribution overhead.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 14.
Gross profit is an operating profit.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 15.
All financial expenditures are debited to the Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Agree

Question 16.
Free distribution of goods is debited to Trading Account.
Answer:
Disagree

H. Calculate the following:

Question 1.
Undervaluation of closing stock by 10%, closing stock was ₹ 30,000. Find out the value of the closing stock.
Solution:
Undervaluation of closing stock by 10 %
Revised value = \(\frac{\text { Book value }}{100-\% \text { of undervaluation }} \times 100\)
= \(\frac{30,000}{100-10} \times 100\)
= ₹ 33,333.
∴ Value of closing stock = ₹ 33,333.

Question 2.
Calculate 12.5% P.A. depreciation on Furniture:
(a) on ₹ 220,000 for 1 year
(b) on ₹ 10,000 for 6 months
Solution:
Depreciation = Amount of asset × Period × %
(a) Depreciation on furniture = 220,000 × 1 × \(\frac{12.5}{100}\) = ₹ 27,500
∴ Deprecation on furniture for 1 year = ₹ 27,500

(b) Depreciation on furniture = 10,000 × \(\frac{6}{12} \times \frac{12.5}{100}\) = ₹ 625
∴ Depreciation on furniture for 6 months = ₹ 625

Question 3.
The insurance premium is paid for the year ending on 1st September 2019 amounted to ₹ 1500. Calculate prepaid insurance assuming that the year-end is 31st March 2019.
Solution:
From 31st March to 1st September, 5 months period prepaid insurance amount we have to find.
An insurance premium paid for the 12 months = ₹ 1500
∴ for 5 months period it is 1500 × \(\frac{5}{12}\) = ₹ 625
Thus, prepaid insurance premium amount = ₹ 625.

Question 4.
Find out Gross Profit/Gross Loss: Purchases ₹ 30,000, Sales ₹ 15,000, Carriage inward ₹ 2400, Opening stock ₹ 10,000, Purchase return ₹ 1000, Closing stock ₹ 36,000.
Solution:

Question 5.
A borrowed loan from Bank of Maharashtra ₹ 2,00,000 on 1st October 2019 @15 % p.a. Calculate interest on a bank loan for the year 2019 – 20 assuming that the financial year ends on 31st March, every year.
Solution:
From 1st October to 31st March, 6 months period interest on loan is to be calculated.
Interest (I) = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
∴ Interest on loan = 2,00,000 × \(\frac{15}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\) = ₹ 15,000
∴ Interest on loan on ₹ 2,00,000 for 6 months = ₹ 15,000

Practical Problems

Question 1.
Amitbhai and Narendrabhai are in Partnership Sharing Profits and Losses equally. From the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below, you are required to prepare the Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.

Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on hand on 31st March 2019 was valued at ₹ 43,000.
2. Uninsured goods worth ₹ 8,000 were stolen.
3. Create R.D.D. at 2 % on sundry debtors.
4. Mr. Patil, our customer becomes insolvent and could not pay his debts of ₹ 500.
5. Outstanding Expenses – Rent ₹ 800 and salaries ₹ 300.
6. Depreciate Factory Building by ₹ 2,500 and Furniture by ₹ 1,800.
Solution:
In the books of Amitbhai and Narendrabhai

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Notes:
1. Import duty, Motive power, and Depreciation on Factory building are recorded in the Trading A/c.

2. 10% govt, the bond is an investment. It was purchased on 1 – 10 – 2018.
∴ Interest is calculated for six months.
Interest on Govt. Bond = \(\frac{40,000}{1} \times \frac{6}{12} \times \frac{10}{100}\) = ₹ 2,000

3. Adv. exp. paid for 2 years from 01 – 01 – 2019. Upto 31 – 3 – 2019, 3 months adv. exp. is written off to Profit and Loss A/c. It is calculated as below:
= 10,000 × \(\frac{3}{24}\) = ₹ 1,250
∴ Prepaid adv. exp. = 10,000 – 1,250 = ₹ 8,750

Question 2.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Mitesh and Mangesh, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.

Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Mitesh and Mangesh are sharing profit and losses in the ratio 3 : 1.
2. Partners are entitled to get commission @ 1% each on gross profit.
3. The closing stock is valued at ₹ 23,700.
4. Outstanding Expenses – Audit fees ₹ 400; Carriage ₹ 600.
5. Building is valued at ₹ 46,500.
6. Furniture is depreciated by 5%.
7. Provide interest on partner’s capital at 2.5% p.a.
8. Goods of ₹ 900 were taken by Mangesh for his personal use.
9. Write off ₹ 1,000 as Bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 3 % on Sundry Debtors.
Solution:
In the books of M/s Mitesh and Mangesh



Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Working Notes:
1. In this problem, Current Account balances are given. So, the total amount of fixed capital is directly shown in the Liabilities side of the Balance Sheet. Effects of adjustments related to commission to partners, interest on capital, goods are withdrawn by Mangesh are given in the Current Account. Closing balances of the Current Account are shown separately on the Liability side of the Balance Sheet.

2. Building is valued at ₹ 46,500 whereas the opening balance of Building given is ₹ 48,500. Therefore, a difference of the amount of ₹ 2,000 (48,500 – 46,500) is nothing but Depreciation charged on Building.

3. Return Inward ⇒ Sales Return
Return Outward ⇒ Purchase Return

4. Commission payable to partners:
Mitesh = 1% on Gross Profit = \(\frac{1}{100} \times \frac{99,000}{1}\) = ₹ 990/-
Mangesh = 1% on Gross Profit = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 99,000 = ₹ 990/-

Question 3.
From the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below of Reena and Aarti, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Closing stock valued at ₹ 22,000.
2. Write off ₹ 900 for bad & doubtful debts and create a provision for reserve for doubtful debts ₹ 1,000.
3. Create a provision for discount on debtors @ 3 % and on creditors @ 5%.
4. Outstanding Expenses – Wages ₹ 700 and Salaries ₹ 800.
5. Insurance is paid for 15 months, w.e.f. 1st April 2018.
6. Depreciate land and building @ 5%.
7. Reena & Aarti are sharing Profits & Losses in their Capital Ratio.
Solution:
In the books of Reena and Aarti

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Insurance premium ₹ 1,500 is paid for 15 months, i.e. prepaid insurance premium for 3 months = ₹ 300.

2. Reserve for Discount on Debtors = 3% on (Debtors – New Bad debts – New Reserve)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (40,000 – 900 – 1,000)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (40,000 – 1,900)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × 38,100
= ₹ 1,143

3. Reserve for Discount on Creditors = 5% on (Value of Creditors)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 25,700
= ₹ 1,285

4. Profit and Loss ratio = Capital ratio = 50,000 : 30,000 = 5 : 3

Question 4.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Meera and Madhav. Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March, 2019

Adjustments:
1. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 32,000.
2. Provide provision for doubtful debts ₹ 2,000.
3. Create a reserve for a discount on debtors @ 3%.
4. Value of leasehold premises on 31st March 2019 ₹ 1,00,000.
5. Outstanding Expenses: Printing & stationery ₹ 500.
Solution:
In the books of M/s Meera and Madhav

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Advertisement expenses written off to Profit and Loss account during the year 2018-19 for six months i.e. from 1/10/18 to 31/03/19.
Advertisement expenses W/off = (Advertisement bill paid) × \(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= 4,800 × \(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 800.
Prepaid advertisement = 4,800 – 800 = ₹ 4,000.

2. Reserve for Discount on Debtors = 3% (Balance in debtors)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (80,500 – 2,000)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × 78,500
= ₹ 2,355.

3. Difference between the opening balance (₹ 1,10,000) and the closing balance (₹ 1,00,000) for leasehold premises is to be considered as written off on leasehold premises.

Question 5.
Sucheta & Gayatri are partners sharing Profit and Losses in the ratio 3 : 2. From the following Trial Balance and additional information, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 was valued at ₹ 19,700.
2. Goods costing ₹ 3,000 distributed as a free sample.
3. Motive power includes ₹ 500 paid for deposit of Power Meter.
4. Depreciate building @ 5 %.
5. Write off ₹ 2000 for bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 3% on debtors.
6. Bills receivable included dishonored of Bill of ₹ 4,000.
Solution:
In the books of Sucheta and Gayatri


Balance Sheet as of 31st March, 2019

Working Notes:
1. Rate of interest on the partner’s loan is not mentioned, therefore interest on the loan is calculated at 6% p.a.
∴ Interest on Sucheta’s Loan = 6,150 × 1 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) = ₹ 369
2. Add dishonored bill amount to debtors amount and then calculate B.D. and R.D.D.
3. Subtract dishonored bill amount from bills receivable amount.

Question 6.
Archana and Prerana are partners, sharing Profits and Losses in the ratio 2 : 1 with the help of the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below. You are required to prepare a Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and a Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March, 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 is valued at Cost Price ₹ 12,000 and Market Price ₹ 17,000.
2. Our customer Mr. Shekhar failed to pay his dues of ₹ 800.
3. 1/8th of Patents are to be written off.
4. A part of Furniture ₹ 5,000 is purchased on 1st Oct. 2018.
5. Depreciation on Land & Building 10% and on Furniture 5%.
6. Outstanding Expenses Wages ₹ 300 and Electricity Charges ₹ 200.
7. Allow Interest on Capital 3%.
Solution:
In the books of Archana and Prema


Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Stationery stock is an asset.
2. Depreciation of furniture:

∴ Total Depreciation = 400 + 125 = ₹ 525
3. \(\frac{1}{8}\) patents to be written off = 2,000 × \(\frac{1}{8}\) = ₹ 250.
4. As no other expenses are given, Trade Expense is recorded in Profit and Loss Account.

Question 7.
Satish and Pramod are partners. Prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year 31st March 2019. You have to find out Gross Profit and Net Profit only.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. The Closing stock is valued at ₹ 15,400.
2. Outstanding wages ₹ 500.
3. Create provision for Bad debts ₹ 800 and maintain R.D.D. 3 % on Sundry Debtors.
4. Goods of ₹ 1,800 distributed as a free sample.
5. Goods of ₹ 2,000 were sold and delivered on 31st March 2019 but no entry is passed in the Books of Account.
Solution:
In the books of Satish and Pramod

Working Notes :
1. Here only gross profit and net profit is to find out. Therefore, the Balance Sheet is not prepared.

2. Interest on a 10% bank loan is calculated for 9 months (From 1/7/2018 to 31/3/2019)
I = \(\frac{\mathrm{PRN}}{100}\) = 8,000 × \(\frac{10}{100} \times \frac{9}{12}\) = ₹ 600

3. Goods distributed as free samples is an advertisement expense for business.

4. Sundry Debtors = 40,000
Add: Unrecorded Sales = 2,000
Less: Provision for Bad Debts = 800
Total = 41,200
Less: R.D.D. (New) (3% of 41,200 = 1,236) = 39,964

Question 8.
Nana and Nani are partners in a Partnership Firm sharing Profits and Losses equally. You are required to give effects of Adjustments in Profit & Loss A/c and Balance Sheet with the help of the following information.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Gross profit amounted to ₹ 34,500.
2. Insurance paid for 15 months w.e.f. 1-4-2018.
3. Depreciate Land and Building at 10 % p.a. and Furniture at 5% p.a.
4. Write off ₹ 1,000 for Bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 5 % on Sundry debtors.
5. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 34,500.
Solution:
In the books of Nana and Nani

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Here, the Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet are to be prepared. Therefore, Trading Account is not prepared. Gross profit (given) is recorded on the Credit side of the Profit and Loss Account.

2. Land and Building

Total Depreciation = ₹ 4,500

3. Interest on 10% bank loan is calculated for 6 months. (From 1/10/2018 to 31/3/2019)
I = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
= 30,000 × \(\frac{10}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 1,500

4. Prepaid insurance = \(\frac{3}{15}\) × (Insurance Amount)
= \(\frac{3}{15}\) × 15,000
= ₹ 3,000

5. RDD = 5% on (Debtors – New Bad debts)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × (26,000 – 1,000)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 25,000
= ₹ 1,250

Question 9.
Sun and Moon are partners in a Partnership Firm sharing Profits and Losses equally. You are required to give effects of Adjustments with the help of the following information:
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Partners are entitled to get a salary of ₹ 6,000 p.a. in addition to their profit & loss sharing.
2. Depreciation on Land & Building, Furniture and Machinery @ 10%, 5% and 3% respectively.
3. Interest in Capital 5% p.a.
4. Closing stock ₹ 60,743.
5. Wages included ₹ 1,000 as advance is given to workers.
6. Interest due but not paid ₹ 800.
7. Total net profit amounted to ₹ 38,113.
You are required to prepare the Balance Sheet and Partners Current A/c only.
Solution:
In the books of Sun and Moon

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Working Notes:
1. Depreciation on machinery is calculated for 9 months. (i.e. from 1/7/18 to 31/3/19)
Depreciation = 40,000 × \(\frac{3}{100} \times \frac{9}{12}\) = ₹ 900

2. Interest on 8% debentures, calculated for 6 months. (i.e. from 1/10/18 to 31/3/19)
I = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
= 8,000 × \(\frac{8}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 320

3. Advance given to workers (by firm) ₹ 1,000 is an asset for the firm, so, it is shown on the Assets side.

4. Interest due but not paid is a liability for the firm, so, it is shown on the Liabilities side.

Question 10.
Kshipra and Manisha are partners sharing Profit and Losses in their Capital ratio. You are required to prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and a Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 was at ₹ 37,000.
2. Sales include the sale of machinery of ₹ 2,000, which is sold on 1st April 2018.
3. Depreciation on fixed assets @ 5%
4. Each partner is entitled to get a commission at 1% of Gross profit and interest on Capital 5% p.a.
5. Outstanding Expenses wages ₹ 200 & Salaries ₹ 500.
6. Create provision for Doubtful debts @ 3% on Sundry debtors.
Solution:
In the books of Kshipra and Manisha


Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Depreciation on fixed assets means depreciation on Furniture, Plant & Machinery, and Building.

2. Sales includes the sale of Machinery of ₹ 2,000 is subtracted from sales and from Plant & Machinery.
On balance amount of Plant & Machinery ₹ 58,000, calculate 5 % depreciation i.e. 60,000 – 2,000 = ₹ 58,000 × 5% = ₹ 2,900

3. Here on gross profit calculate 1% commission for partners and record it to Profit and Loss A/c and in Current A/cs. Commission payable to each partner = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × Gross profit
= \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 81,700
= ₹ 817.

Class 12 Commerce BK Textbook Solutions Digest

• 12th Bk Chapter 1 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 2 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 3 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 4 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 5 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 6 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 7 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 8 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 9 Practical Problems
• 12th Bk Chapter 10 Practical Problems

Introduction to Book Keeping and Accountancy 11th BK Commerce Chapter 1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Book Keeping and Accountancy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Commerce BK Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions

1. Answer in One Sentence:

Question 1.
What is Book-keeping?
Answer:
Recording the business transactions in the books of accounts systematically by considering some definite principles is called book-keeping.

Question 2.
What is meant by Goods?
Answer:
Any commodity, article, or merchandise in which trader regularly deals or carries on trade is called goods e.g. cloth is the goods for cloth merchant.

Question 3.
What is Capital?
Answer:
Amount invested by the proprietor into the business from time to time is called Capital.

Question 4.
What are Drawings?
Answer:
The total amount of goods and services are withdrawn by the proprietor from time to time for self-use is called drawings.

Question 5.
What is Goodwill?
Answer:
The money value of business reputation earned by the business over the number of years is called Goodwill.

2. Give the word term or phrase which can substitute each of the following statements:

Question 1.
Recording of business transactions.
Answer:
Book-keeping

Question 2.
Amount invested in the business by the proprietor.
Answer:
Capital

Question 3.
A person to whom the amount is payable.
Answer:
Creditor

Question 4.
The exchange between two persons.
Answer:
Transaction

Question 5.
Excess of expenses over income.
Answer:
Loss

Question 6.
A person whose assets are sufficient enough to meet business obligations.
Answer:
Solvent

Question 7.
Book-keeping is providing all required financial information to the businessman.
Answer:
Decision Making

Question 8.
Property of any description owned by Proprietor.
Answer:
Assets

Question 9.
Assets that remain in the business for only for short time and can be converted into cash very easily.
Answer:
Current Assets

Question 10.
Allowance is given on catalogue price of goods.
Answer:
Trade Discount

3. Select the most appropriate alternatives from those given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
Surplus of income over expenses is _____________
(a) Profit
(b) Deficit
(c) Loss
(d) Financial Statements
Answer:
(a) Profit

Question 2.
In _____________ basis of accounting, actual cash receipts and actual cash payments are recorded.
(a) Accrual
(b) Hybrid
(c) Cash
(d) Mercantile
Answer:
(c) Cash

Question 3.
Amount which is not recoverable from customer is known as _____________
(a) Bad Debts
(b) Debts
(c) Debtors
(d) Doubtful debts
Answer:
(a) Bad Debts

Question 4.
Accounts must be honestly prepared and they must disclose all material information is known as _____________
(a) Entity Concepts
(b) Dual Aspect Concept
(c) Disclosure Concept
(d) Cost Concept
Answer:
(c) Disclosure Concept

Question 5.
A commodity in which a trader deals is known as _____________
(a) Goods
(b) Income
(c) Property
(d) Expenditure
Answer:
(a) Goods

Question 6.
_____________ means a reputation of a business valued in terms of money.
(a) Trademark
(b) Assets
(c) Patents
(d) Goodwill
Answer:
(d) Goodwill

Question 7.
According to _____________ Cash flow statement is prepared and presented for the period for which the profit and loss account is prepared.
(a) AS-3
(b) AS-10
(c) AS-6
(d) AS-2
Answer:
(a) AS-3

Question 8.
The immediate recognition of loss is supported by principle of _____________
(a) Conservatism
(b) Objective
(c) Matching
(d) Consistency
Answer:
(a) Conservatism

Question 9.
Brief explanation of an entry is called as _____________
(a) Folio
(b) Narration
(c) Posting
(d) Journalising
Answer:
(b) Narration

Question 10.
An act of exchange of things or services between the two parties is termed as _____________
(a) Ledger
(b) Transfer
(c) Transaction
(d) Business
Answer:
(c) Transaction

4. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons:

Question 1.
Book-keeping and accounting are one and the same thing.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Book-Keeping means recording business transactions in a separate set of books and accountancy is the process of summarising and analyzing the business transactions which are recorded in the books of accounts, so book-keeping and accounting are not one and the same thing.

Question 2.
Conservatism means to follow the safe side.
Answer:
This statement is True.
This accounting concept suggests that while preparing accounting statements, planning, policies, strategies, and budgets, all possible or anticipated losses must be taken into consideration. While unrealized prospective or anticipated profits should be ignored. This is known as “The policy of playing a safe game” or “Principal of Prudence”.

Question 3.
The double entry system is based on the “Dual Aspect” concept.
Answer:
This statement is True.
This accounting concept explains that every business transaction has two aspects viz. (i) acquisition or increase in the asset of the business and (ii) creation or increase in claims against the business. Assets refer to the valuable things owned by the business. Capital refers to the proprietor’s contribution to the business to provide funds to undertake activities. Capital refers to the proprietor’s contribution to the business to provide funds to undertake activities. Capital is the owner’s claim against the business, e.g. a capital of ₹ 5,00,000 received in cash by the business from the proprietor has dual aspects viz. business has cash i.e. asset of ₹ 5,00,000 and the proprietor has a claim of ₹ 5,00,000 against the business entity called capital.

Question 4.
Bank overdraft is an asset of the business.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Bank overdraft is a liability of the business. Businesses owe to the bank for the excess amount withdrawn from the bank account. It is a temporary loan from a bank.

Question 5.
A solvent person is a person whose assets are more than his liabilities.
Answer:
This statement is True.
A person who is unable to pay his debts is called insolvent. An insolvent person does not have sufficient assets to pay his debts. His business debts are much larger than his business and personal assets. He cannot settle the dues of his creditors fully. Insolvency leads to the compulsory dissolution of the business.

Question 6.
Cash discount does not appear in the books of accounts.
Answer:
This statement is False.
It is the amount deducted from the final amount due at the time of receipt. It is the concession given for encouraging prompt payment. It is given either for the spot payment or for payment within a specific period. A cash discount is calculated after deducting a trade discount, since it is a loss to the seller and gain to the buyer, a cash discount appears in the books of accounts.

Question 7.
A transaction is concerned with money or money’s worth.
Answer:
This statement is True.
In common parlance, a transaction is a dealing between two or more persons, in which one person gives something to the other and in exchange for that receives something from the other. It is an exchange of goods and services either for cash or for any other goods or services. In other words, it is a business activity that interprets in money terms what business gives and what business receives in that exchange. To complete the transaction at least two persons are required. Purchase of goods, sale of goods, receipt, and payment of cash, borrowing, and lending, depositing cash into the bank, withdrawal of cash from the bank, etc. are examples of business transactions.

Question 8.
Accounting is the language of business.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Book-keeping is a part of Accounting. It is the primary stage in accounting. It is the process of recording transactions in accounts. Accounting is part of Accountancy. Accountancy is the practice of recording, classifying and reporting business transactions for a business. Accounting principles are the basic norms and assumptions developed and established as the basis for an accounting system. These principles are adopted by accountants universally. So accounting is the language of business.

Question 9.
In the early times of civilization, accounting was done by owners.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Booking is a part of Accounting that follows certain rules for recording transactions. It has classification, concepts, conventions, and principles which requires certain knowledge and qualifications. So it is done by an accountant.

Question 10.
Book-keeping is useful to find out all tax liabilities.
Answer:
This statement is True.
As all business transactions are recorded in the books of accounts so there is no question of hiding any income or expenses, with the help of book-keeping businessmen know their liabilities towards the government for tax payments like GST., Income tax, etc.

5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
Accounting is useful only to the owner.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 2.
Book-keeping is an art, science, and profession.
Answer:
Agree

Question 3.
Bills Payable is an asset of the business.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 4.
In Book-keeping and Accountancy, only non-monetary transactions are recorded.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 5.
Totalling of Journal or Ledger is called casting.
Answer:
Agree

6. Complete the following sentences:

Question 1.
Revenue arising as a result of business transactions is known as _____________
Answer:
Income

Question 2.
Excess of gross profit over operating expenses is _____________
Answer:
Operating profit

Question 3.
An expenditure which is basically revenue in nature but the benefit of which is not exhausted within one year is called as _____________
Answer:
Deferred revenue expenditure

Question 4.
The amount deducted by the seller from the list price of goods at the time of sale is _____________
Answer:
Trade Discount

Question 5.
A person to whom the business owes money for the goods or services is known as _____________
Answer:
Creditor

Student Activity: (Textbook Page No. 9)

Collect some Advertisements relating to discounts and stick them in the notebook.
Answer:
Go through daily new paper read advertisements regarding sales like flip cart, Amazon, Big Bazar, etc.

Class 11 Commerce BK Textbook Solutions Digest

• 11th Bk Chapter 1 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 2 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 3 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 4 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 5 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 6 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 7 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 8 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 9 Practical Problems
• 11th Bk Chapter 10 Practical Problems

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 1 वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 9 Marathi Kumarbharati Chapter 1 वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Question Answer Maharashtra Board

वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Std 9 Marathi Chapter 1 Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
हे गीत विद्यार्थ्यांनी समूहाने तालासुरात मोठ्याने म्हणावे व त्याचा काव्यानंद अनुभवावा.

वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ Summary in Marathi

कवितेचा आशय:

राष्ट्रभक्तीने प्रेरित होऊन ज्या शूर राष्ट्रभक्तांनी मातृभूमीच्या स्वातंत्र्यासाठी प्राणांचे बलिदान दिले, त्या देशभक्तांच्या गौरवाचे हे गीत कवींनी लिहिले आहे. या गीतात कवींनी वीर भारतपुत्रांविषयी कृतज्ञता व्यक्त केली आहे.

शब्दार्थ:

1. वंद्य – वंदनीय, आदरणीय.
2. वन्दे – वंदन करतो.
3. मातरम् – मातृभूमी,
4. माउली – आई, (येथे अर्थ) भारतमाता.
5. मुक्तता – सुटका,
6. यज्ञ – अग्निकुंड (इथे अर्थ) स्वातंत्र्यसंग्राम.
7. भारती – भारतात.
8. जीवित – जीवन, आयुष्य.
9. आहुती – प्राणार्पण.
10. सिद्ध – तयार.
11. मंत्र – श्लोक, सुवचन, घोषवाक्य.
12. मृतांचे – मेलेल्या शरीराचे, कलेवरांचे,
13. जागले – (विचारांनी) जागृत झाले.
14. शस्त्रधारी – हत्यार बाळगणारे,
15. निष्ठुर – कठोर, क्रूर.
16. शांतिवादी – शांतता रुजवणारे लोक (भारतीय),
17. झुंजले – लढले.
18. शस्त्रहीनां – ज्यांच्या हाती हत्यार नाही असे लोक.
19. लाभो – मिळो.
20. निर्मिला – निर्माण केला, तयार केला,
21. आचरीला – वर्तनात आणला, वागणुकीत आणला.
22. हुतात्मे – वीरमरण लाभलेले राष्ट्रभक्त.
23. स्वर्गलोक – देवांचा रहिवास असलेले.
24. तयांच्या – त्यांच्या.
25. आरती – प्रार्थना, आळवणी करणारे भजन.

टीप : वेद : प्राचीन काळी ऋषिमुनींनी लिहिलेले जीवनस्तोत्र.

कवितेचा भावार्थ:

राष्ट्रप्रेमाने भारलेल्या व भारताच्या स्वातंत्र्यासाठी प्राणार्पण करणाऱ्या राष्ट्रभक्तांबद्दल कृतज्ञता व्यक्त करताना कवी म्हणतात – वेदांच्या मंत्रांपेक्षाही ‘वंदे मातरम!’ हा जयघोष आम्हां भारतीयांना वंदनीय आहे, आदरणीय आहे.

(स्वातंत्र्यपूर्व काळामध्ये) या भारतवर्षात भारतमातेला पारतंत्र्यातून मुक्त करण्याचा धगधगता स्वातंत्र्यसंग्राम (यज्ञ) झाला. त्या स्वातंत्र्याच्या अग्निकुंडात लाखो वीरांच्या प्राणांची आहती पडली. लाखो देशभक्तांनी बलिदान दिले. त्यांच्या या पवित्र बलिदानाने ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ हा मंत्र निर्माण केला. सिद्ध केला. ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ या मंत्राने त्या वेळी मुर्दाड झालेली व स्वाभिमान हरवून बसलेली राष्ट्रीयता जागृत झाली. सारे भारतीय खडबडून जागे झाले, कायम शांतीचा पुरस्कार करणारे भारतीय, संगिनधारी सशस्त्र, क्रूर इंग्रजी जुलमी सत्ताधाऱ्यांशी लढले. त्या झुंजीमध्ये निःशस्त्र असणाऱ्या भारतीयांना ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ हा एकच महामंत्र शस्त्रासारखा लाभला होता.

स्वातंत्र्यलढ्यामध्ये ज्या देशभक्तांनी ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ हा मंत्र निर्माण केला व तोच वर्तनात आणून परकीय सत्तेशी झुंज दिली. जे राष्ट्रभक्त या रणकुंडात प्राणार्पण करून हुतात्मे झाले ते देव होऊन स्वर्गलोकी गेले. त्यांना देवत्व प्राप्त झाले. त्यांच्या बलिदानाची आरती म्हणजेच हे ‘वन्दे मातरम्!’ गीत आहे. आपण ते गाऊ या.

9th Std Marathi Questions And Answers:

• वंद्य ‘वन्दे मातरम्’ (गीत) Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (अ) जैसा वृक्ष नेणे- संत नामदेव Class 9 Question Answer
• संतवाणी (आ) धरिला पंढरीचा चोर-संत जनाबाई Class 9 Question Answer
• कीर्ती कठीयाचा दृष्टान्त Class 9 Question Answer
• नात्यांची घट्ट वीण Class 9 Question Answer
• एक होती समई Class 9 Question Answer
• हास्यचित्रांतली मुलं (स्थूलवाचन) Class 9 Question Answer

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 1.1 Life Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 9 English Chapter 1.1 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Life Poem 9th Std Question Answer

Warming Up:

1. There are many popular lines like:
‘life Is a game – play ft well’.
‘life Is a Journey – keep going ahead’.
Discuss and write down a few such metaphorical lines about ‘life’. You can make them up yourselves.
1. …………………………….. .
2. …………………………….. .
3. …………………………….. .
4. …………………………….. .
5. …………………………….. .

Question 1.
Discuss and write down a few metaphorical lines about life, like the two lines given on page 2 of the textbook.
Answer:
(Some examples)

1. Life is a movie – enjoy it to the full.
2. Life is a short picnic – relish it.
3. Life is a see-saw – sometimes up, sometimes down.

2. Prepare as many ‘acrostics’ using the word LIFE, as you can. Two examples are given below.

You can turn it into a game, using a time – limit. Make sure your acrostics are related to ‘life’.

Question 1.
Prepare as many acrostics as you can, using the word ‘LIFE’.
Answer:
(Some examples)
1. Love
Inspiration
Friendship
Enjoyment

2. Lively
Interesting
Fascinating
Enchanting

3. Listen carefully and write the word in the appropriate column.

Teacher: hopeful, lonely, happy, jealous, surprised, shy, loving, proud, cheerful, anxious, nervous, excited, embarrassed, scared, silly, comfortable, peaceful, depressed, enthusiastic, motivated, inspired, threatened, crushed, angry Note that it is possible to feel both kinds of emotions at the same time. Have you experienced it? Try to describe the situation in short.

Question 1.
Listen carefully to the words spoken by the teacher and write them in the appropriate columns :
(The answer is given directly.)
Answer:

Positive Feelings	Negative Feelings
hopeful, excited, happy, surprised, loving, cheerful, comfortable, peaceful, enthusiastic, motivated, inspired.	lonely, jealous, shy,  proud, anxious, nervous, embarrassed, scared, silly, depressed, angry, threatened, crushed.

English Workshop :

1. Pick out from the extract two lines each that reflect an optimistic (positive) attitude and pessimistic (negative) attitude.

Optimism :
1. …………… .
2. ……………. .

Pessimism :
1. …………….. .
2. …………….. .

Question 1.
Pick out from the extract two lines each that reflect an optimistic (positive) attitude and pessimistic (negative) attitude.
Answer:
Optimism :

1. Foretells a pleasant day.
2. But these are transient all.

Pessimism :

1. Oft a little morning rain.
2. Sometimes there are clouds of gloom.

(Note: These lines cannot actually be called pessimistic. The poetess looks on problems as temporary and feels that any difficulties we face always foretell a happy future. There are no lines that are absolutely pessimistic.)

2. Give other ‘-ly’ adverbs of similar meaning for the following. Use a thesaurus if needed.

(a) rapidly → ……………… .
(b) merrily → ……………… .
(c) gratefully → ………………
(d) cheerily → ……………… .
(e) manfully → ……………… .
(f) fearlessly → ……………… .
(g) gloriously → ……………… .
(h) victoriously → ……………… .

Question 1.
Give other ‘-ly’ adverbs of similar meaning for the following. Use a thesaurus if needed :
(The answers are given directly.)
Answer:
(a) rapidly → swiftly
(b) merrily → cheerfully
(c) gratefully → thankfully
(d) cheerily → happily
(e) manfully → bravely
(f) fearlessly → courageously
(g) gloriously → wonderfully
(h) victoriously → triumphantly

3. Pick out three examples of interrogation (rhetorical questions) from the poem.
a. Explain in your own words the point that each one makes.

b. Explain the metaphor in the following lines :
1. Oft a little morning rain ………………………………….
Foretells a pleasant day ……………………………………
2. Sometimes there are clouds ………………………………….
3. … the shower will make the roses bloom ………………………………….
4. Life’s sunny hours flit by ………………………………….

c. Pick out four examples of personification. Write what is personified in each :
1. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
4. ………………………………….

d. ‘And calls our Best away’ is a gentle way of expressing the unpleasant idea of a loved one dying. It is an example of euphemism. Think and write down 3 or 4 ways in which we can express the idea of ‘death’ in a tactful and gentle manner.
1. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
4. ………………………………….

Question a.
Pick out two examples of interrogation (rhetorical questions) from the extract. Explain in your own words the point that each one makes.
Answer:

Interrogation	Explanation
1. What though death at times steps in, And calls our Best away?	If death, at times takes away the people we love most, we must accept it and hope for better times.
2. What though sorrow seems to win, O’er hope a heavy sway?	It does not matter if we are overcome by sorrow and hope seems to be far away.

Question b.
Explain the metaphor in the following lines :

1. Oft a little morning rain ………………….
Foretells a pleasant day …………….
2. SometImes there are clouds……………..
3. … the shower wifi make the roses bloom …………..
4. life’s sunny hours flit by ……………

Question 1.
Oft a little morning rain
Foretells a pleasant day.
Answer:
If we have difficulties at some stage, there will be joyous times following it. Difficulties are implicitly compared to rain and joyous times to a pleasant day.

Question 2.
Sometimes there are clouds.
Answer:
Sometimes there are problems. Problems are implicitly compared to clouds.

Question 3.
……. the shower will make the roses bloom.
Answer:
The problems we face will make for better times ahead. Problems are implicitly compared to the showers of rain and better times Eire implicitly compared to roses blooming.

Question 4.
Life’s sunny hours flit by.
Answer:
The happy times of our life go by very quickly. Here, the happy times are implicitly compared to sunny hours.

Question c.
Pick out four examples of personification from the extract. Write what is personified in each.
Answer:

1. ‘Death steps in.’ Death is personified.
2. ‘Sorrow seems to win.’ Sorrow is personified.
3. ‘Yet Hope again elastic springs, Unconquered though she fell.’ Hope is personified.
4. ‘Can courage quell despair!’ Courage is personified.

Question d.
‘And calls our Best away’ is a gentle way of expressing the unpleasant idea of a loved one dying. It is an example of euphemism. Think and write down 3 or 4 ways in which we can express the idea of ‘death’ in a tactful and gentle manner.
Answer:

1. The person has left for his heavenly abode.
2. He/She has gone to meet his/her Maker.
3. He/She has become the beloved of God.
4. He/She has completed his work on this earth.

4. ‘…………. and that’s how I realised that courage and hope can help me overcome any major mishap/problem in life.’ Write an episode/experience from your own life that leads to the above conclusion.

Question 1.
‘…… and that’s how I realized that courage and hope can help me overcome any major mishap/ problem in life.’ Write an episode/experience from your own life that leads to the above conclusion.
Answer:
I am a lover of sports. My favourite game is football. I wanted to play in my school team, and right from the age of eleven, I had been practising very sincerely.

Then one unfortunate day, when I was twelve, I fell down the stairs of my building and fractured my leg , badly. I was devastated. How could I play my favourite game? How could I make it to the team? Would my leg ever become completely alright again? Would I be I able to run around and kick the ball as before? I felt that my world had ended.

This was the time when my family gave me their full support. My grandparents helped me to while away the long hours; my parents made nutritious food for me and saw to the medical treatment. My sister, who is four years older than me, gave me sound advice and courage. She understood what I was going through.

She told me of various people who had suffered terrible disasters and had risen I above them. She brought me videos of umpteen cases where the mind had won over the body. She made me read biographies of achievers like Wilma Rudolph and Sudha Chandran. She made me do my exercises regularly and keep in touch with my sport. Slowly but surely, I regained courage and confidence.

Believe it or not, two years later I made it to my football team! My doctor and my family said that it was optimism and a positive attitude that had helped me recover completely. And that’s how I realized that courage and hope can help me (or anybody) overcome any major mishap/problem in life.

5. Read: ‘The Psalm of Life’ – a poem by H. W. Longfellow.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 1.1 Life Additional Important Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Question 1.
It is possible to feel both kinds of emotions at the same time. Have you experienced it? Try to describe such a situation in short.
(An example is given below.)
Answer:
Yes, I have experienced it. Once, when I stood first in class and got excellent marks in Science and Maths, my parents gave a party. All my friends were also present. My father gave a speech praising me. At that time, I was happy as well as embarrassed.

Read the following extracts carefully and complete the activities :

Simple Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False :
Answer:

1. The sages say that life is a dark dream. True
2. The clouds of gloom are permanent. False
3. We must enjoy the happy hours of our life. True
4. Life’s sunny hours flit by quickly. True

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
What do the sages say?
Answer:
The sages say that life is a dark dream.

Question 2.
What does the rain often foretell?
Answer:
The rain often foretells a pleasant day.

Question 3.
What should we do during joyful times in life?
Answer:
We should enjoy the joyful times of our life gratefully and cheerfully.

Question 4.
Complete the following :
We should not be unhappy when we have difficulties because
Answer:
We should not be unhappy when we have difficulties because these difficulties are temporary. If we have difficulties at some stage in our lives, there will be joyous times following it later.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Pick out an example of interrogation (rhetorical question) from the extract. Explain j in your own words the point that it makes.
Answer:

Interrogation	Explanation
If the shower will make the roses bloom, Oh, why lament its fall?	If a little rain helps the roses to flower, we should not feel unhappy about it. This means that we must not express regret for the difficulties we face in life.

Simple Factual Activity :

Complete the following :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

1. One should bear the day of trial courageously and fearlessly.
2. The wings of hope are golden and buoyant, (strong, elastic)

Complex Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Does sorrow actually win over hope, according to the poet?
Answer:
No. Though hope is temporarily defeated, it springs up again and helps us to bear the days of trials.

Question 2.
Who does ‘Our Best’ refer to?
Answer:
‘Our Best’ refers to those whom we love and cherish the most.

Question 3.
Why are the wings of hope ‘golden’?
Answer:
Gold is the colour of optimism. The wings of hope are golden because hope helps us bear up with
our problems and suppress despair.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of this poem. With the help of given points in paragraph format :
Note: The point format given for Appreciation of Poem is for easy understanding. However, it is to be written in I the form of a paragraph in the examination.
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)

• Title: Life
• Poet: Charlotte Bronte
• Rhyme Scheme: abeb in the first stanza, and abab in all the remaining stanzas.
• Figures of Speech: ‘What though death at times steps in’. The figure of speech is Personification, Death is given the human quality of ‘stepping in’.
• The other important figures of speech are Metaphor and Interrogation (Rhetorical Questions).
• Theme/Central idea: This is a motivating and optimistic poem. The poet says that the bad things of life are transient, and good things invariably follow them.
• Hope will rescue us and help us to bear our trials, even during times of great adversity. We must be optimistic, and have the courage to overcome any mishaps or problems.

Paragraph Format:

The poem ‘Life’ is by Charlotte Bronte. It is a motivating and optimistic poem. The Rhyme Scheme is abeb for the first stanza and abab in all remaining stanzas. There are many figures of speech e.g. Personification ‘What though death at times steps in’. Here, death is given the human quality of ‘stepping in’. The other important figures of speech are Metaphor and Interrogation (Rhetorical Questions).

The poetess says that the bad things of life are temporary. Good things invariably follow it. Even during times of great adversity, hope will rescue us and help us to bear our trials. We must look at the positive side of life, and have the courage to overcome any mishaps or problems. The poem makes one feel good and is easy to understand.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

9th Std English Questions And Answers:

• Life Class 9 English Questions And Answers
• A Synopsis- The Swiss Family Robinson Class 9 English Questions And Answers
• Have you ever seen…? Class 9 English Questions And Answers
• Have you thought of the verb ‘have’ … Class 9 English Questions And Answers
• The Necklace Class 9 English Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth and Our Solar System Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

5th Standard EVS 1 Lesson Number 1 Question Answer Our Earth And Our Solar System Maharashtra Board

Std 5 EVS 1 Chapter 1 Question Answer

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
What’s the solution?
One of the asteroids have fallen out of its place in the asteroid belt and is hurling towards the sun. Our earth is in its way and there is all likelihood of a collision. What can be done to prevent this collision?
Answer:
Use the shock wave to deflect it away from earth. Which means attach three large remote controlled rockets to the asteroid turning it into a large space vehicle and move it away from a dangerous collision.

2. Use your Brain Power:

Question 1.
What will happen to our solar system if the sun were to suddenly disappear?
Answer:
1. If the sun were to suddenly disappear all life forms on earth will cease, because the sun is a source of light and heat.
2. There will be complete darkness on all planets.
3. The planets will move from their orbits and may clash against each other.

Question 2.
Suppose you want to give your address to a friend you have on the planet mars. How will you write your address if you want them to understand exactly where you live?

3. Look at the picture of the solar system and answer the following questions:

Question (a)
Which planet is nearest to the Sun?
Answer:
Mercury

Question (b)
At what position is the earth from the Sun?
Answer:
Third

Question (c)
Which planet is placed between the earth and mercury?
Answer:
Venus

Question (d)
Name the planets beyond the orbit of Mars in serial order.
Answer:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Question (e)
Which planet in the Solar System is furthest from the sun?
Answer:
Neptune

4. Who am I?

Question (a)
You can see me from the earth but the lighted part of me that you see changes every day.
Answer:
The moon.

Question (b)
I have my own light. It is only from me that the planets get light and heat.
Answer:
The sun.

Question (c)
I turn around myself, around a planet and also around a star.
Answer:
Satellite.

Question (d)
I turn around myself and revolve around the Sun.
Answer:
Planet.

Question (e)
No other planet has a living world like mine.
Answer:
Earth.

Question (f)
I am the nearest star to the earth.
Answer:
The sun.

5.

Question (a)
For what purpose are rockets used in space travel?
Answer:
1. Very powerful rockets are used to send a spacecraft into space.
2. A tremendous quantity of fuel is burnt in rockets so that spacecraft weighing thousands of tons may be launched into space.

Question (b)
What information do man-made satellites provide?
Answer:
1. Man made satellites provide useful information on agriculture, environment, weather, forecasting, making maps and searching for water and mineral wealth on the earth.
2. It is also used for telecommunication.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 1 Our Earth and Our Solar System Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
The heavenly bodies that twinkle are called ……………………. .
(a) earth
(b) moon
(c) stars
Answer:
(c) Stars

Question 2.
Satellites and planets get their light from the ……………….. .
(a) asteroids
(b) pluto
(c) sun
Answer:
(c) sun

Question 3.
The heavenly body closest to the earth is ………………. .
(a) sun
(b) moon
(c) mercury
Answer:
(b) moon

Question 4.
…………………….. is an important Indian space mission on Mars.
(a) Chandrayaan -1
(b) Mangalyaan
(c) Marsyaan
Answer:
(b) Mangalyaan

Question 5.
Scientists who travel in the spacecraft are called ……………….. .
(a) astronauts
(b) researchers
(c) engineers
Answer:
(a) astronauts

Question 6.
…………………. became the first Indian astonaut to go in space.
(a) Kalpana Chaivla
(b) Rakesh Sharma
(c) Sunita Williams
Answer:
(b) Rakesh Sharma

Question 7.
………………….. have their own light.
(a) Stars
(b) Planets
(c) Asteroids
Answer:
(a) Stars

Question 8.
The Sun is a …………………. .
(a) planet
(b) star
(c) satellite
Answer:
(b) star

Question 9.
The heavenly bodies that do not twinkle are called ………………. .
(a) planets
(b) stars
(c) rockets
Answer:
(a) planets

Question 10.
………………… do not have their own light.
(a) stars
(b) planets
(c) bulbs
Answer:
(b) planets

Question 11.
Plants get their light from the …………………… .
(a) rockets
(b) asteroids
(c) stars
(d) sun
Answer:
(c) stars

Question 12.
Our earth is a ………………….. .
(a) satellite
(b) moon
(c) planet
Answer:
(c) planet

Question 13.
The earth’s movement around the sun is called the ………………. of the earth.
(a) revolution
(b) rotation
(c) motion
Answer:
(a) revolution

Question 14.
Besides earth, there are ……………. other planets which revolves around the sun.
(a) two
(b) one
(c) seven
Answer:
(c) seven

Question 15.
The pathway along which the planets move around the sun is known as the planet’s
(a) track
(b) orbit
(c) asteroid
Answer:
(b) orbit

Question 16.
The sun and the planets that revolve around it are together called the ………………. system.
(a) satellite
(b) solar
(c) universal
Answer:
(b) solar

Question 17.
Some heavenly bodies that revolve around the planets are called ……………….. .
(a) sun
(b) moon
(c) satellites
Answer:
(c) satellites

Question 18.
The ………………….. revolves around the earth.
(a) sun
(b) moon
(c) planets
Answer:
(b) moon

Question 19.
The moon is the satellite of the ………………….. .
(a) Mars
(b) Saturn
(c) Earth
Answer:
(c) Earth

Question 20.
The planets revolve around the …………….. along with its satellites.
(a) earth
(b) sun
(c) solar system
Answer:
(b) sun

Question 21.
……………….. is a well-known dwarf planet.
(a) Pluto
(b) Jupiter
(c) Saturn
Answer:
(a) Pluto

Question 22.
Asteroids also ………………. around the sun.
(a) rotate
(b) move
(c) revolve
Answer:
(c) revolve

Question 23.
Due to the earth’s ………………….. all things on the earth remain on it.
(a) gravity
(b) rotation
(c) revolution
Answer:
(a) gravity

Question 24.
Very powerful rockets are used to send a spacecraft into ………………. .
(a) planets
(b) asteroids
(c) space
Answer:
(c) space

Question 25.
Our country is well-known for the development of its ……………… launch technology.
(a) Space
(b) Astronaut
(c) Asteroids
Answer:
(a) Space

Question 26.
Scientists who travel in spacecraft are called
(a) astronauts
(b) asteroids
(c) rockets
Answer:
(a) astronauts

What is the full form of:

Question 1.
M. O. M.
Answer:
Mars Orbit Mission

Question 2.
ISRO
Answer:
Indian Space Research Organisation

Question 3.
Match the following:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) Rakesh Sharma went to space	(a) 2008
(2) Chandrayaan I launched	(b) 2014
(3) MOM launched in space	(c) 1984
(4) MOM established in an orbit	(d) 2013

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) Rakesh Sharma went to space	(c) 1984
(2) Chandrayaan I launched	(a) 2008
(3) MOM launched in space	(b) 2014
(4) MOM established in an orbit	(d) 2013

Name the following:

Question 1.
Two heavenly bodies.
Answer:
The sun and the moon.

Question 2.
Planets in the solar system.
Answer:
Mercury Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter/Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Question 3.
Heavenly bodies between Mars and Jupiter.
Answer:
Asteroids.

Question 4.
A dwarf planet.
Answer:
Pluto.

Question 5.
Technology that helps us to travel in space.
Answer:
Rocket technology or space launch technology.

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the solar system?
Answer:
The sun and their planets, their satellites, dwarf planets and asteroids that revolve around the sun are together called the solar system.

Question 2.
What is known as planet’s orbit?
Answer:
Every planet in the solar system revolves around the sun along a specific path which is known as planet’s orbit.

Question 3.
What are satellites?
Answer:
Some heavenly bodies which revolves around the planets are called satellites.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the force of gravity?
Answer:
All heavenly bodies exert a force of attraction or a pull on one another, this is called the force of gravity.

Question 5.
What are heavenly bodies?
Answer:
The sun, the moon, the stars, the planets, etc. are all heavenly bodies.

Question 6.
What are stars?
Answer:
Heavenly bodies that twinkle are called stars.

Question 7.
Which star is closer than any other star?
Answer:
The sun is the star that is closest to us.

Question 8.
What are planets?
Answer:
Heavenly bodies that do not twinkle are called planets.

Question 9.
What are the two movements of a planet?
Answer:
Planets revolve around a star, even as they rotate around themselves.

Question 10.
What is the revolution of the earth?
Answer:
The movement of the earth around the sun is called the revolution of the earth.

Question 11.
How many planets are there in our solar system?
Answer:
Our solar system has eight planets.

Question 12.
Name the planets of our solar system.
Answer:
The planets of our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Question 13.
Which is the satellite of the Earth?
Answer:
The moon is the satellite of the earth.

Question 14.
What are dwarf planets?
Answer:
Some smaller heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun are called dwarf planets.

Question 15.
Which dwarf planet is well-known?
Answer:
Pluto is a well known dwarf planet.

Question 16.
What are Asteroids?
Answer:
A band of numerous small heavenly bodies are called Asteroids.

Question 17.
Where are the Asteroids situated?
Answer:
The Asteroids are situated between the planets Mars and Jupiter.

Question 18.
Why do all the things on the earth remain on it?
Answer:
All things on earth remain on it, due to the earth’s gravity.

Question 19.
How do we send some object to space?
Answer:
To send some object from earth to space, it must be given power against the force of gravity.

Question 20.
Which technology is used to send objects into space?
Answer:
Rocket technology or space launch technology is used to send objects into space.

Question 21.
What are used to send a spacecraft into space?
Answer:
Very powerful rockets are used to send a spacecraft into space.

Question 22.
What is our country well-known for?
Answer:
Our country is well-known for the development of its space launch technology.

Question 23.
Who are astronauts?
Answer:
Some scientists who travel in spacecraft are known as astronauts.

Question 24.
Who was the first Indian astronaut to go into space?
Answer:
Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian astronaut to go into space in 1984.

Question 25.
Name two astronauts of Indian origin.
Answer:
Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams are two astronauts with Indian origin.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
During the day we cannot see other stars, besides the Sun.
Answer:
1. The sun is a star.
2. It is closer to us than any other star.
3. It appears big and brilliant.
4. Therefore, due to its bright light during the day, we cannot see other stars.

Question 2.
The moon is called a satellite of the earth.
Answer:
1. We see the moon at night.
2. It revolves around the earth.
3. Therefore, it is called a satellite of the earth.

Question 3.
Our Earth is an invaluable planet.
Answer:
1. Space scientists have not yet been able to find a single other planet which has life on it.
2. Therefore, our planet is an invaluable planet.

Question 4.
Though the sun is a star it does not twinkle.
Answer:
1. The sun is a star and it is closer to us than any of the stars.
2. Hence, it appears big and brilliant and does not twinkle like the distant stars.

Question 5.
The moon appears to be very big.
Answer:
1. Compared to the sun, the other heavenly bodies in the solar system are much smaller.
2. As the moon is closest to the earth, it appears to be very big although it is actually very much smaller than the sun.

Question 6.
Satellites revolve around their planets.
Answer:
1. The sun exerts a gravitational pull on all planets whereas the tendency of the planets is to move away from the sun.
2. As a result of these two forces, a planet keeps revolving around the sun at fixed distance, in a fixed orbit.
3. In this way the satellites revolve around their planets.

Question 7.
Even if we throw something upward with a great force, it finally falls to the ground.
Answer:
1. All things on the earth remain on it due to the earth’s gravity.
2. So, even if we throw something upward with a great force, it finally falls back to the ground.

Answer briefly:

Question 1.
What happens to the spacecrafts after the mission is over?
Answer:
1. Some spacecraft remain in space.
2. Others are brought back to earth.
3. Some land on other planets or satellites after the mission is complete.

Question 2.
Describe Rakesh Sharma’s mission to space.
Answer:
1. Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian astronaut to go into space in 1984.
2. He spent eight days.
3. It was a joint mission of the ISRO and the Soviet Intercosmos.
4. Seeing India from space, he said it looked: ‘Saare jahan se achha’.

Question 3.
How are spacecraft launched into space?
Answer:
1. Very powerful rockets are used to send a spacecraft into space.
2. A tremendous quantity of fuel is burnt in these rockets so that the spacecraft weighing thousands of tons may be launched into space.

Question 4.
What are the uses of man-made satellites?
Answer:
1. Man-made satellites provide useful information for agriculture, environment, weather forecasting, map making and searching for water and mineral wealth on the earth.
2. They are also used for telecommunication.

Write short note on:

Question 1.
Dwarf planets
Answer:
1. Dwarf planets are smaller heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun.
2. The most well known is Pluto.
3. They revolve around the sun independently.
4. They have their own orbit.

Question 2.
Asteriods
Answer:
1. Small heavenly bodies between the planets Mars and Jupiter are called asteroids.
2. They move in a form of a band and are numerous.
3. They revolve around the sun.

Question 3.
Distinguish between stars and planets:
Answer:

Stars	Planets
(a) Stars twinkle.	(a) Planets do not twinkle.
(b) Stars have their own light.	(b) Planets do not have their own light.
(c) For e.g. The sun.	(c) For e.g. The earth.

Question 4.
Give details of Mangalyaan on the basis of the following points:
(a) Another name of Mangalyaan,
(b) Date of launch,
(c) Date of orbiting,
(d) Attempts made to achieve success,
(e) Type of mission,
(f) Objective of the mission.
Answer:
(a) Mass Orbit Mission
(b) 5 November 2013
(c) 24 September 2014
(d) one
(e) unmanned
(f) Deeper study of the moon and mass.

Question 5.
Through your observation:
In which direction do leaves from a tree, rocks from a hillside or rain from the sky fall?
Answer:
Due to earth’s gravity all things fall down to the ground.

Glossary:

1. heavenly – cosmic/celestial.
2. dwarf – small and insignificant in comparison
3. gravity – force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth.
4. tremendous – very great in amount, scale or intensity.
5. disappear – create to be visible/cease to exist.

Class 5 Environmental Studies Questions and Answers:

• Our Earth and Our Solar System Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Motions of the Earth Class 5 Questions And Answers
• The Earth and its Living World Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Environmental Balance Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Family Values Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Rules Are for Everyone Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Let us Solve Our own Problems Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Public Facilities and My School Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Maps – Our Companions Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Getting to Know India Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Our Home and Environment Class 5 Questions And Answers
• Food for All Class 5 Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Sources Of History Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 1 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options: 

Question 1.
Among the historical sources …………….. sources are based on modem technology.
(a) Written
(b) Oral
(c) Material
(d) Audio-Visual
Answer:
(d) Among the historical sources Audio Visual Sources are based on modem technology

Question 2.
The ……… is a museum in Pune which gives information about the history of Mahatma Gandhi.
(a) Aga Khan Palace
(b) Sabamiati Ashram
(c) Cellular Jail
(d) Lakshmi Vilas Palace
Answer:
(a) The Aga Khan Palace is a museum in Pune which gives information about the history of Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 3.
A unique discovery of modem technology in 20^th century is …………. .
(a) Powada
(c) Interviews
(b) Photograph
(d) Films
Answer:
(d) A unique discovery of modem technology in 20^th century is Films.

2. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
During the British period. newspapers also acted as sources of social reformation.
Answer:
(1) Newspapers like Amrit Bazaar Patrika. Deenbandhu, Dnyanoday Kesari, etc. acted as an important source to awaken the minds of the people.
(2) Newspapers in the British period not only opposed imperialism but also educated the masses and created awareness among the people.
(3) The Nibandhmala by Vishnushastri Chiplunkar and Shatapatre written by Lokahitawadi alias Gopal Hari Deshmukh published in the weekly Prabhakar commented on various social and cultural issues.
(4) Newspapers threw light on ill customs like sati, child marriage, ban on widow remarriage, etc., and awakened minds of the people.
(5) We came to know about various policies of the British towards India and their effects on India.
(6) Thus newspapers were not only source of political events but also acted as a source of social reformation.
(Note: Information given in the textbook is insufficient.)

Question 2.
Audio-visual recordings are considered as the most trustworthy source for the study of Modern Indian History.
Answer:
Audio-visual recordings are considered a trustworthy source for study of modem history. Because –
(1) Important events during the freedom struggle could be seen in reality.
(2) Audio-visual recordings of Dandi March, Quit India movement, Salt Satyagraha and other historical events are available.
(3) Films also dealt with subjects like social problems, superstitions, practices. They reflect contemporary social, religious. political issues. Therefore, audio-visual recordings are considered as a unique discovery of 20^th century.
(Note: Information given in the textbook is insufficient,)

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Photographs:
Answer:
(1) Before the invention of photography, paintings were an important source of history. But the authenticity of such paintings is doubtful.
(2) Photographs are considered more reliable, as the lens capture the persons. events and objects exactly as they appear.
(3) The photograph of a person gives information about the physical features, dressing style, etc.
(4) Photographs enable us to recreate visual image of an event. The photograph of an object or structure helps in understanding its nature.
Hence, photographs are important visual source of modem Indian history.

Question 2.
Museums and History:
Answer:
(1) A place where ancient artefacts, paintings, photographs, tools, coins, documents, clothes, etc. are exhibited is known as Museum.
(2) Ancient artefacts give us information about the economic, social, political and religious conditions of the respective periods.
(3) The metal and the inscriptions on the coin tell us about the economic conditions of that period and the metals used.
(4) We come to know progress in art of making tools, paintings, sculpture and metallurgy.
(5) History and museums are related. They are important source of writing history

Question 3.
Audio Sources:
Answer:
(1) Recording is a form of audio source in history.
(2) The discovery of technique of recording was very important.
(3) Akashvani, audio tapes are considered important audio sources.
(4) Jana Gana Mano sung by Rabindranath Tagore, speeches of Subash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi, speeches of leaders and personalities are broadcast from Akashvani.
(5) We get to know about prevalent social, cultural, intellectual and educational history of a particular period from audio source. It is helpful for students conducting research in history.

4. Complete the following diagram.

Question 1.

Answer:

Do You Know?

Museums and History:
1. Museums preserve objects, paintings, photographs, tools, etc.
2. These material sources are very helpful for researchers of history.
3. The ancient monuments are related to the kings, leaders residing in it.
4. Museums of modern period:

• Andaman Cellular Jail: V. D. Savarkar
• Mani Bhavan in Mumbai: Mahatma Gandhi
• Sevagram in Wardha: Mahatma Gandhi
• Aga Khan palace in Pune: Mahatma Gandhi

Do it:
Trace out the statues and memorials in your neighboring areas. Note down the information, of an event or personality, that you obtain through it.

Written sources:
The following aspects are included in the written sources of Modem Indian History.

Let us know:

Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar and Newspapers:

1. Dr. Bcibasaheb Ambedkar started the fortnightly ‘Mooknayak’ in 1920.
2. On 4 April 1927, he started the newspaper ‘Bahishkrut Bharat.
3. He also started newspapers namely ‘Janata’ and ‘Prabuddha Bharat’.
4. The aim of his writing was to reform common people and bring unity among them.

Project:

Question 1.
Collect the photographs related to the Indian Freedom movement with the help of the Internet.

Question 2.
Gather information about the important leaders of Indian freedom movement and their biographies and read aloud.

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options:

Question 1.
When we visit Cellular Jail in Andaman we get information about the revolutionary work of ………. .
(a) Vasudev Baiwant Phadke
(b) Umaji Naik
(c) V D. Savarkar
(d) Bhagatsingh
Answer:
(c) When we visit Cellular Jail in Andaman we get information about the revolutionary work of V. D. Savarkar.

Question 2.
………….. were composed on freedom struggle of 1857.
(a) Music
(b) Songs
(c) Powadas
(d) Bhajans
Answer:
(c) Powadas were composed on freedom struggle of 1857.

Question 3.
We find comments on various social and cultural issues in Nibandhmala by ………. .
(a) Krishnashastri Chiplunkar
(b) Vishnushastri Chiplunkar
(c) Lokmanya Tilak
(d) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Answer:
(b) Vishnushastri Chiplunkar

Question 4.
Shatapatre by Lokahitawadi were published in the weekly ………. .
(a) Dnyanoday
(b) Dnyanprakash
(c) Prabhakar
(d) Deenbandhu
Answer:
(c) Prabhakar

Question 5.
In India, …………. laid the foundation of film making in 1913.
(a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
(b) Aga Khan
(c) Dada Saheb Phalke
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer:
(c) Dada Saheb Phalke

Question 6.
………. sung by Rabidranath Tagore is used as audio source of history.
(a) Jhanda Uncha rahe hamara
(b) Vande Mataram
(c) Saare Jahan se accha
(d) Jana Gana Mana
Answer:
(d) Jana Gana Mana

Question 7.
In April 1927, Dr. Ambedkar started the newspaper
(a) Kesari
(b) Bahishkrut Bharat
(c) Mahratta
(d) Mooknayak
Answer:
(b) Bahishkrut Bharat

Name the following:

Question 1
Famous prison in Andaman:
Answer:
Cellular Jail

Question 2.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Memorial at Pune:
Answer:
Aga Khan Palace

Question 3.
Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi at Vardha:
Answer:
Sevagram Ashram

Question 4.
Mahatma Gandhi’s memorial in Mumbai:
Answer:
Manibhavan.

Classify the following sources of history into Material sources, Written sources, Oral sources and Audio -Visual sources:

Newspapers, memorials, inspirational songs, forts, coins, correspondence, powadas, jail, palaces, films, statues, dailies, inscriptions, maps, folk tales, documentaries, autobiography, fountain, books, travelogue, owees, roads, Doordarshan, factory records, folk songs, bridge.
Answer:

Complete the graphical description:

Question 1.

Answer:

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Which period is considered to be the period of modern Indian History?
Answer:
The period of Europeans, especially British rulers and period of governance of princely states in India is considered as period of modern Indian history.

Question 2.
Why did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar start the newspaper ‘Bahishkrut Bharat’?
Answer:
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started the newspaper ‘Bahishkrut Bharat’ for the reformation of common people and to bring unity among them.

Question 3.
What was the reason behind establishment of ‘The Survey of India’ during the British rule’?
Answer:
The Survey of India was established during the British rule to survey various provinces and cities of India using scientific method to prepare maps.

Question 4.
Which department prepared the original maps of Mumbai port?
Answer:
The original maps of Mumbai port were prepared by the Department of Mumbai Port Trust.

Question 5.
What is included in the material sources of history?
Answer:
The material sources of history includes various objects, monuments, places, coins, sculptures, etc.

Explain the concept:

Oral Sources:
Answer:

1. The compositions which are passed on from one generation to the other by way of information or rote learning and which are not in written form are called the ‘oral sources of history’.
2. Folk songs, powadas, ovees, inspirational songs, folk tales, etc. are included in oral sources.
3. The creators of the oral sources mostly remain unknown.
4. We come to know about prevalent social life, traditions, customs, language, etc. through oral sources.
5. The aim of oral sources was to entertain, inspire and create vitality in the society.

Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
We should preserve historical monument s.
Answer:
1. Monuments cire witness to our glorious past. Many monuments are connected to freedom fighters and their work.
2. Sevagram Ashram at Wardha and Mani Bhavan at Mumbai give us information about the Gandhian era.
3. The cellular jail at Andaman is a witness to the sufferings of V. D. Savarkar and his revolutionary work.
4. We get information about contemporary history architecture, nature of the monument, and the economic condition of that particular period.
5. We get to know our history because of monuments and they invoke nationalistic feeling among us.

Question 2.
Statues are considered important for the study of modern history.
Answer:

1. Memorials in the form of statues were erected of many personalities who influenced a particular period.
2. We come to know about those great people because of statues.
3. The display plaque on the statues give information about the name of the concerned person, his work, date of birth and his death.
4. We get information about important events in his life, brief information about his contribution and a biographical sketch.
5. We come to know about contemporary rulers and eminent personalities.
6. The memorials are erected in the memory of various events also.

Question 3.
Maps and drawings are important sources of history.
Answer:
(1) We come to know about changing nature of a city or a location from the map.
(2) They are important from the view of study of architecture of a building as well as phases of development of a particular area.
(3) The development of Bombay city can be understood through the plans drafted by architects and engineers who made the original plan of Bombay Port Trust. Therefore, we can say that maps and drawings are important source of history.

Question 4.
It is comparatively easy to study sources of modern history.
Answer:

1. History writing is based on evidences and proofs. It is difficult to obtain ancient and medieval sources of history but sources to study modern history are available in abundance and in variety.
2. There are many material sources available in museums and documents in archives.
3. Through the audio-visual source we can see the historical event in reality. Thus, to study sources of modern history is comparatively easy.

Question 5.
It is required to verify the written sources before they are used.
Answer:

1. We have to be careful while making use of written sources. The authenticity of the documents needs to be verified.
2. We need to see the ideas suggested through them.
3. Before making use of the document it is necessary to know the perspective of the writer, his ideologies and opinions about a particular event.
4. If all the angles are not considered the writings become one-sided. Hence it is necessary to verify written sources.

Answer the following questions in 25-30 words:

Question 1.
Which monuments are considered as historical monuments?
Answer:
The following monuments are considered as historical monuments:

1. Palaces of rulers of princely state, residences of officers, leaders and revolutionaries, forts, bridges and government offices.
2. Buildings, water supply system, fountains, roads.
3. Prisons, national monuments, etc.

Question 2.
Why is it important to preserve sources?
Answer:

1. Museums, Archives preserve the sources of history.
2. This sources give evidence of our rich cultural heritage.
3. There is a great need to preserve this sources, as it is through them, that the rich tradition of history can be passed on to the next generation.

Question 3.
Why are films considered effective audio-visual source of modern Indian History?
Answer:
(1) Due to technological development there was development in photography, recording and film making.
(2) Dada Saheb Phalke laid the foundation of Indian Film Industry. Many movies were made on historical events and personalities.
(3) Audio-visual recordings of Dandi Yatra and on Salt Satyagraha movement are available.
(4) We get information of social, political condition, dress, traditions, language of particular period from the films and audio tapes.
(5) The events happened in the past could be seen in reality. Therefore films are considered as an effective audio-visual source of modem Indian History.

Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Write about the work of newspapers in pre-independence period.
Answer:

1. Newspapers like Amrit Bazaar Patrika, Deenbandhu, Dnyanoday, Kesari, etc. acted as important source to awaken the minds of the people.
2. They criticized the anti-India policies of Britishers.
3. Western education and knowledge reached people through them.
4. Newspapers and weeklies were the source of various political, social and cultural events.
5. They commented on ill customs and practices in our society and thus were the source of social reformation.
6. They discussed various policies of British rulers and their effects on India.
7. The work and ideas of leaders and reformers reached people through them.

Question 2.
Write about the importance of the following as sources of history:
(a) Inspirational songs
(b) Powadas
Answer:
(a) Inspirational songs:

1. Many inspirational songs were written during the period of freedom movement.
2. Many unpublished inspirational songs were memorised by freedom fighters.
3. We get information about the prevalent conditions during pre-independence period.
4. We come to know about our heritage, work of great men, injustice done by the Britishers.
5. They gave inspiration to the society and infused spirit in the freedom movement.
6. As they convey information about the place, person and his deed they are useful in writing history.

(b) Powadas:
(1) Powadas were a dramatic narration by alternatingly reciting poetry and prose extract. It is a source to get information about a historical work of a person or an event.
(2) Powadas were composed on the freedom struggle of 1857 and valour of revolutionaries during the British rule.
(3) Powadas were composed on work of Satyashodhak Samaj to awaken the oppressed classes.
(4) During the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Powadas were composed to inspire people. They used to create motivation, spirit among the people and infused enthusiasm and vitality.

Question 3.
Is there any need of statues and memorials?
Answer:
Recently there had been quite a few incidents and politics on statues and memorials. But still, I feel they should be there for the following reasons:

1. Statues are raised in memory of those people who had contributed for the welfare of the society.
2. Memorials are raised of events which are inspirational.
3. A Memorial is a testimony of the work done, in adverse conditions. Statues give us inspiration to have ideal morals.
4. They are testimonials of our rich heritage and as heirs what have we inherited.
5. They need not be raised in large numbers nor should there be statues of common people and of criminals.

8th Std History Questions And Answers:

• Sources of History Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Europe and India Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Effects of British Rule Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• The Freedom Struggle of 1857 Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Social and Religious Reforms Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Beginning of Freedom Movement Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Non-co-operation Movement Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Civil Disobedience Movement Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Last Phase of Struggle for Independence Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Armed Revolutionary Movement Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Struggle for Equality Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• India Gains Independence Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Fulfillment of Struggle for Independence Class 8 History Questions And Answers
• Formation of State of Maharashtra Class 8 History Questions And Answers