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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokvani Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokvani Solutions Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए

(१) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

Answer:

(२) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

Answer:

(३) गीत में प्रयुक्त क्रियारूप लिखिए:

बाग-बगीचे, ताल-तलैया …………
Answer:
मुसकाएँ

झूम-झूमकर मस्ती में तरु गीत ………..
Answer:
सुनाएँ

मधुमास आस-विश्वास ………..
Answer:
किया

धरती ने ………….
Answer:
बढ़ाता

(४) उपसर्ग-प्रत्यय लगाकर शब्द लिखिए :

Answer:

अभिव्यक्ति

प्रस्तुत गीत की प्रथम चार पंक्तियों का भावार्थ लिखिए।
Answer:
वर्षा ऋतु के आगमन पर धरती पर बारिश की बूंदों का गिरना शुरू हो जाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती पर गिरकर मिट्टी को स्पर्श करती हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती हैं।

बारिश की बूंदों की अनुभूति से धरती प्रफुल्लित हो गई है। इसलिए जैसे ही बारिश थम जाती है; वैसे ही वह अपनी आँखें खोलती हैं। मोर को भी वर्षाऋत अत्यंत प्रिय है। अत: वह भी वर्षाऋत में खश होकर कह रहा है कि चारों ओर हरियाली ही हरियाली छा गई है। भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। बादल बरसने के बाद हरियाली-सा हरा वस्त्र धारण करने का धरती का जो सपना था; वह अब वह पूरा हो गया है।

भाषा बिंदु

वर्तनी के अनुसार शुद्ध शब्द छाँटकर लिखिए:

1. विश्वास/विशवास/विसवास ……..
2. मसतक/मस्थक/मस्तक ……….
3. पथ्थर/पथ्तर/पत्थर …………
4. कुरीति/कूरिति/कुरिती …………
5. चिन्ह/चीहन/चिह्न …………..
6. इकठठा/इकट्टा/इकट्ठा ………….
7. खुबसुरत/खूबसुरत/खूबसूरत …………
8. विदयापीठ/विद्यापीठ/विद्यापिठ ………….
9. बुद्धी/बुध्दी/बुद्धि ………….
10. परिक्षार्थि/परीक्षार्थि/परीक्षार्थी ………….

Answer:

1. विश्वास
2. मस्तक
3. पत्थर
4. कुरीति
5. चिह्न
6. इकट्ठा
7. खूबसूरत
8. विद्यापीठ
9. बुद्धि
10. परीक्षार्थी

उपयोजित लेखन

निम्नलिखित सुवचन पर आधारित कहानी लिखिए:

‘स्वास्थ्य ही संपदा है।’
Answer:
श्रीरामपुर गाँव में धनसुखलाल नाम का एक धनी व्यक्ति रहता था। वह बहुत ही कंजूस प्रवृत्ति का था। रईस होने के बावजूद भी वह स्वयं पर कभी भी पैसे खर्च नहीं करता था। वह दिन में सिर्फ एक वक्त का भोजन करता था। इतना ही नहीं वह अपने परिवार वालों पर भी धन खर्च नहीं करता था। उसकी कंजूसी के कारण उसका परिवार प्रतिदिन भूखे पेट ही सोता था। एक दिन धनसुखलाल बीमार पड़ गया।

भरपेट खाना न खाने के कारण उसका शरीर कमजोर हो गया था। उसकी शक्ति कम हो गई थी। परिवार के लोग उसे डॉक्टर के पास ले जाना चाहते थे। लेकिन डॉक्टर के पास जाकर काफी रूपया खर्च हो जाएगा। इसलिए उसने घरेलू औषधियों लेना प्रारंभ कर दिया। आहिस्ता-आहिस्ता उसका शरीर अत्यधिक अस्वस्थ और कमजोर हो गया।

यहाँ तक कि अब उठकर चलने की शक्ति भी उसमें शेष नहीं थी। फिर भी वह डॉक्टर के पास जाने के लिए राजी नहीं हुआ। उसी शाम गाँव में एक महात्मा आए। उन्होंने धनसुखलाल के बारे में सुना और वे स्वयं उसे मिलने गए। महात्मा को देखकर धनसुखलाल ने सोचा कि यह महात्मा उसका इलाज कर देंगे। उसने आशा से महात्मा को प्रणाम किया। महात्मा ने उसे स्पष्ट कहा – ‘मूर्ख धनसुखलाल, मैं तुम्हारा भविष्य जानता हूँ। यदि तुम अभी डॉक्टर के पास नहीं जाओगे; तो कल सुबह तक तुम्हारी मृत्यु निश्चित है।’

महात्मा की भविष्यवाणी सुनकर धनसुखलाल के हाथ-पाँव काँपने लगे और महात्मा को प्रणाम करके वह तुरंत अपने परिवार वालों के साथ डॉक्टर के पास चला गया। डॉक्टर ने पूरी निष्ठा से उसका इलाज किया। कुछ दिनों के बाद वह ठीक हो गया। अब उसकी समझ में आ गया था कि ‘स्वास्थ्य ही संपदा होती है।’ सीख : स्वास्थ्य से बढ़कर दूसरी कोई संपत्ति नहीं होती। व्यक्ति को अपने स्वास्थ्य का सदैव ध्यान रखना चाहिए।

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Textbook Solutions Chapter 1 सोंधी सुगंध Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति अ (१): आकलन कृति

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

‘सदियों का जो सपना है हो जाए पूरा।’ इससे आप समझते हैं
Answer:
भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। अब बारिश के आने से वह फिर से हरी-भरी हो जाएगी।

कृति अ (२) : शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ पद्यांश में से ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।

1. मेघ
2. मोर
3. मृदा
4. ख्वाब

Answer:

1. बादल
2. मयूरा
3. माटी
4. सपना

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. सुगंध x ……..
2. पूरा x ………

Answer:

1. सुगंध x दुर्गंध
2. पूरा x अधूरा

वचन बदलिए।

1. सदी
2. हरियाली
3. टोली
4. आँखें

Answer:

1. सदियाँ
2. हरियालियाँ
3. टोलियाँ
4. आँख

निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द का तद्भव रूप लिखिए।

1. मयूर
2. हरित

Answer:

1. मोर
2. हरा या हरी

निम्नलिखित शब्द का देशज व तत्सम शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
मिट्टी
Answer:
देशज शब्द : माटी, तत्सम शब्द: मृदा

कृति अ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

आपने पहली बारिश के बाद चारों और महकने वाली मिट्टी की सुगंध को जरूर महसूस किया होगा। उस वक्त जो अनुभूति हुई थी, उसे अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
Answer:
बारिश के पहले भीषण गरमी के कारण मिट्टी तपती है। जैसे ही वर्षा की पहली बूंदें धरती पर आती हैं, वैसे ही तपती हुई मिट्टी शीतलता का अनुभव करने लगती है। फिर उसमें से जो गंध उठती है, उसका क्या कहना? मिट्टी की सोंधी सुगंध सभी को आकर्षित करती है। मैं पिछले वर्ष बरसात शुरू होने से पहले अपने गाँव गया था। वहाँ पर मैंने पहली बरसात का अनुभव किया था। बारिश रुकते ही अचानक से सारा वातावरण मिट्टी की भीनी-भीनी सोंधी खुशबू से प्रफुल्लित हो उठा। मानो वह सोंधी महक मुझे बता रही थी कि हम सब उससे जुड़े हैं। हमारा शरीर भी उसी से बना है। आखिर मिट्टी हमें जीवन देती है। सचमुच मिट्टी की उस सोंधी महक ने मेरे चित्त को प्रसन्न कर दिया था। आज भी वह महक मेरे रोम-रोम में समाई हुई है। उस सोंधी महक को महसूस हुए मुझे मनुष्य और मिट्टी के बीच जो गहरा रिश्ता है इसका एहसास भी हुआ था।

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

कृति आ (२) : शब्द संपदा

‘रोली’ शब्द का अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
Answer:
सिंदूर, प्रसिद्ध भूमि, हल्दी व चूने का चूर्ण

निम्नलिखित तद्भव शब्द का तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

1. माथा
2. पेड़

Answer:

1. मस्तक
2. तरु

वचन बदलिए।

1. बोली
2. रोली
3. झोली
4. बगीचा

Answer:

1. बोलियाँ
2. रोलियाँ
3. झोलियाँ
4. बगीचे

कृति आ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

‘बारिश के बाद प्रकृति में होने वाला परिवर्तन’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
वर्षा ऋतु समस्त ऋतुओं की रानी है। बारिश होते ही चारों ओर हरियाली छा जाती है। वर्षा होने से तालाबों और नहरों में पानी भर जाता है। सागर अपनी मस्ती में लहरों के साथ नर्तन करता रहता है। वर्षा से सूखे पेड़-पौधों में भी जीवन आ जाता है। संपूर्ण वातावरण खुशनुमा हो जाता है। मिट्टी से सोंधी महक आनी शुरू हो जाती है। यह महक हमारे चित्त को प्रसन्न कर देती है। बारिश के बाद कृषकों में उल्लास बढ़ जाता है और वे अपने खेतों में लगन के साथ जुट जाते हैं। मोर प्रसन्न होकर नाचने लगते हैं और मेंढक टर्र-टर्र की आवाज करते रहते हैं। इस प्रकार बारिश के बाद प्रकृति की शोभा देखने लायक होती है।

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति इ (१): आकलन कृति

Question 1.
सदा-सदा से यह चली आई है –
Answer:
हँसी-ठिठोली

Question 2.
यह नतमस्तक हो गए हैं –
Answer:
कवि ‘अचूक’

निम्नलिखित शब्द पढ़कर ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए कि जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हों

Question 1.
माटी
Answer:
सोंधी-सौंधी-सी सुगंध किससे बात कर रही है?

Question 2.
मधुमास
Answer:
कवि ने पावस को किसकी उपमा दी है। (३) कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

कृति इ (२) : शब्द संपदा

पद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
आस-विश्वास,
सदा-सदा,
हँसी-ठिठोली,
सोंधी-सौंधी-सी

निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द का तद्भव रूप लिखिए।

1. पद
2. मास

Answer:

1. पाँव या पैर
2. महीना

निम्नलिखित तद्भव शब्द का तत्सम रूप लिखिए।

1. हँसी

Answer:

1. हास्य

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची लिखिए।

1. मधुमास
2. पुष्प
3. आस
4. नत

Answer:

1. वसंत ऋतु
2. फूल
3. आशा
4. विनीत

कृति इ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

‘मनुष्य जीवन में वर्षा का महत्त्व’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
हमारा भारत देश कृषिप्रधान देश है। यदि बारिश समय पर न होगी, तो सूखा या दुर्भिक्ष (अकाल) की स्थिति निर्माण होने में देर नहीं लगेगी। वर्ष के बारह महीने में से तीन या चार महीनों तक लगातार बारिश होने के कारण प्रकृति का संतुलन बना रहता है। जल के बिना मनुष्य जीवन संभव नहीं। इसलिए हमारे जीवन में वर्षा का अत्यधिक महत्त्व है। वर्षा का मौसम तपती गरमी से राहत दिलाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती के बढ़े हुए तापमान को अपने अंदर समा लेती हैं। वर्षाकाल में लोग वर्षा का आनंद लेने के लिए पिकनिक मनाते हैं। वर्षा में सूखे हए तालाब, कुएँ और नदियाँ फिर से भर जाती हैं। इस कारण पूरे वर्ष तक मनुष्य को पीने के लिए पानी उपलब्ध होता है।

सोंधी सुगंध Summary in Hindi

सोंधी सुगंध कवि-परिचय

जीवन-परिचय : डॉ. कृपाशंकर शर्मा जी का जन्म उत्तर प्रदेश के एटा शहर में हुआ। हिंदी साहित्य में इन्हें ‘अचूक’ इस उपनाम से जाना
जाता है। इन्हें बालगीतकार एवं बालकहानीकार के रूप में अधिक जाना जाता है। इन्होंने कविता के विविध अंगों को सूक्ष्मता से जाना-पहचाना है। गीत, गजल, कविता एवं दोहे इनकी रचना का प्रमुख विषय रहे हैं। समीक्षा के क्षेत्र में भी इनका कार्य उल्लेखनीय हैं। पत्रकारिता के क्षेत्र में भी इनकी सक्रियता रही है।

प्रमुख कृतियाँ : ‘फिर भी कहना शेष रह गया’, ‘नदी उफान भरे’ (गीत संग्रह), ‘गीत खुशी के गाओ तुम’ (बालगीत संग्रह) आदि।

सोंधी सुगंध पद्य-परिचय

गीत : गीत हिंदी साहित्य की एक लोकप्रिय विधा है। स्वर, पद और ताल से युक्त जो गान होता है, वह ‘गीत’ कहलाता है। इसमें एक मुखड़ा तथा कुछ अंतरे होते हैं। प्रत्येक अंतरे के बाद मुखड़े को दोहराया जाता है। इसमें गेयता विद्यमान होती है।

प्रस्तावना : ‘सोंधी सुगंध’ इस गीत में कवि डॉ. कृपाशंकर शर्मा ‘अचूक’ जी ने वर्षा ऋतु का आगमन होने पर प्रकृति में छाई प्रसन्नता एवं खुशहाली का बड़ा ही सजीव एवं मनोहारी वर्णन किया है। वर्षा ऋतु में प्रकृति के विविध रूपों में होनेवाले परिवर्तन का अत्यंत आहलाददायी वर्णन प्रस्तुत कविता में किया गया है।

सोंधी सुगंध सारांश

प्रस्तुत कविता के माध्यम से स्पष्ट किया गया है कि प्रत्येक ऋतु का अपना महत्त्व और अपनी विशेषता है। भीषण गर्मी के कारण तापमान बढ़ता है। सभी भीषण गर्मी से व्याकुल हो जाते हैं। वर्षा तपती गर्मी से राहत दिलाती है। छम-छम करता हुआ पानी देख सबके चेहरे पर रौनक आ जाती है। पहली बारिश की बूंदें धरती को स्पर्श करती हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती हैं। वह वर्षा के कारण प्रकृति के विविध रूपों, वन्य-जीव, पेड़-पौधों, नदी-तालाबों आदि में होने वाले परिवर्तनों से सभी को रूबरू कराती हैं। वर्षा ऋतु एक प्रेरणादायी ऋतु है। वह प्रत्येक मानव के मन में आस एवं विश्वास भर देती है। इसलिए सदियों से वर्षा का स्वागत होता आ रहा है। सदियों से वर्षा के आगमन पर लोग खुश होते हैं और होते रहेंगे।

सोंधी सुगंध शब्दार्थ

• सोंधी – सुगंधित
• रोली – हल्दी-चूने का चूर्ण
• मंसूबा – विचार, इरादा
• मधुमास – वसंत ऋतु
• माटी – मिट्टी
• धरती – पृथ्वी
• मयूरा – मोर
• टोली – दल
• ताल-तलैया – तालाब-झरने
• पवन – हवा
• तरू – पेड़
• ‘अचूक’ – कवि का उपनाम

सोंधी सुगंध भावार्थ

सोंधी-सौंधी-सी …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा ऋतु के आगमन पर धरती पर बारिश की बूंदों का गिरना शुरू हो जाता है। बारिश की बूंदें धरती पर गिरकर मिट्टी को स्पर्श करती। हैं, जिस कारण मिट्टी से सोंधी सुगंध आने लगती है। यह सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से बातें करने लगती है। बारिश की बूंदों की अनुभूति से धरती प्रफुल्लित हो गई है। इसलिए जैसे ही बारिश थम जाती है; वैसे ही वह अपनी आँखें खोलती हैं। मोर को भी वर्षाऋतु अत्यंत प्रिय है।

अत: वह भी वर्षाऋतु में खुश होकर कह रहा है कि चारों ओर हरियाली ही हरियाली छा गई है। भीषण गरमी के कारण धरती बंजर हो गई थी। बादल बरसने के बाद हरियाली-सा हरा वस्त्र धारण करने का धरती का जो सपना था; वह अब पूरा हो गया है। भला वर्षा के आगमन से कौन खुश नहीं होता?

प्रकृति के सभी अपादान अपनी-अपनी टोली में एकत्रित होकर आनंद व्यक्त कर रहे हैं। वर्षाऋतु के इस सुहावने व मनभावन मौसम में कोई भी अकेला रहना नहीं चाहता। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

बाग बगीचे …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा के आगमन से प्रकृति का प्रत्येक अंग हर्षित एवं प्रफुल्लित हो उठा है। बाग-बगीचे, ताल-तलैया आदि सब मुस्करा रहे हैं। पेड़ भी बरसात के मौसम में अपनी मस्ती में झूम रहे हैं। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि वे खुशी के गीत गा रहे हैं। वर्षा का साथ पाकर पवन भी आनंदविभोर हो गया है। उसने अपनी ठंड हवा की झोली प्रसन्न होकर खोल दी है। जिससे वातावरण और अधिक खुशनुमा हो गया है। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

सागर का जो …………………………. माटी से बोली।

वर्षा के आगमन से सागर की अपनी खुशी का इरादा भी सफल हो गया है। वह खुशी के उफान से भर गया है। सागर वर्षाऋतु में अपनी ही खुशियों की दुनिया में खो गया है। अत: वह अपनी लहरों के साथ नृत्य कर रहा है। वर्षा के आगमन के कारण धरती ने अपने तन पर हरियालीयुक्त हरित वस्त्र का परिधान धारण किया। धरती ने अपने मस्तक पर रोली लगाई है। वर्षा-उत्सव के लिए उसने श्रृंगार किया है।

सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

पावस का मधुमास …………………………. माटी से बोली।

पावस का मधुमास यानी वर्षाऋतु में वसंत जिस प्रकार वसंत ऋतु में वृक्षों पर नए पत्ते एवं फूल आते हैं। वैसे ही वर्षा ऋतु में प्रकृति सजती-संवरती है। सर्वत्र आनंद व्याप्त होता है। वर्षा ऋतु प्रत्येक मानव के मन में आस एवं विश्वास भर देती है। कवि भी वर्षा के इस आनंद से अछूते नहीं है। वह भी वर्षा ऋतु के सामने नतमस्तक होकर उसके स्वागत में पुष्प अर्पण करते हैं।

यह तो प्रतिवर्ष आने वाला उत्सव है। सदियों से वर्षा का स्वागत होता आ रहा है। सदियों से वर्षा के आगमन पर लोग खुश होते हैं और होते रहेंगे। यह हँसी-ठिठोली सदा से चलती आ रही है। सोंधी सुगंध मिट्टी से कह रही है कि इसमें जो इत्र है, उसमें बारिश का जिक्र है अर्थात वर्षा में सर्वत्र मोहक खुशबू छा गई है।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!
Chit-chat

1. Form Groups of 5 to 6 and discuss. Give a rating of 1 to 5 to each of the following.
When you have to make important decisions what do you generally do?
(a) Consult parents/elders [ ]
(b) Contact friends for advice [ ]
(c) Pray to God for guidance [ ]
(d) Think deeply in silence [ ]
(e) Ask your teacher for help [ ]
(f) Toss a coin to decide [ ]

Question 1.
Form Groups of 5 to 6 and discuss. Give a rating of 1 to 5 to each of the following.
When you have to make important decisions what do you generally do?
(Answer is directly given in the box.)
(a) Consult parents/elders [b]
(b) Contact friends for advice [d]
(c) Pray to God for guidance [e]
(d) Think deeply in silence [a]
(e) Ask your teacher for help [c]
(f) Toss a coin to decide [f]
Note: Students may note their own rating after discussion.

2. In poetry, very often, there are lines in which the poet seems to talk directly to an absent person, an abstract idea or thing/object.
Such a tactic/device used by the poet is the Figure of Speech ‘Apostrophe’.
For example,
Twinkle, twinkle little star …………
Death! Where is thy sting?
O Cave man! I wish I could live with you.
Now, complete the following, creating examples of Apostrophe of your own.
(a) O, Life! How ………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Dear God, Please ………………………………………………………………….
(c) Books! You are ……………………………………………………………………..
(d) Exams! I wish ………………………………………………………………………
(e) O, You beautiful sky ……………………………………………………………….

Question 1.
complete the following, creating examples of Apostrophe of your own.
(a) O, Life! How ………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Dear God, Please ………………………………………………………………….
(c) Books! You are ……………………………………………………………………..
(d) Exams! I wish ………………………………………………………………………
(e) O, You beautiful sky ……………………………………………………………….
Answer:
(a) O, Life! How Strange are your ways?
(b) Dear God, Please keep me calm in my difficult days.
(c) Books! You are my dear companions.
(d) Exams! I wish you were never there, never!
(e) O, you beautiful sky send all your beauty to the earth.

English Workshop:

1. Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences :

Question 1.
Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences :
(a) According to the poet, …………. are brought by each new day. (new beginnings/new endings)
(b) We must decide to take the road which leads to ……………. . (great distress/great success)
(c) The poet prays to the Lord to help him stand for what is ………………. . (might! right)
(d) The poet wants to see that his teenage years have been the ………… years of his life. (worst/best)
Answer:
(a) According to the poet, new beginnings are brought by each new day. (new beginnings / new endings)
(b) We must decide to take the road which leads to great success. (great distress/great success)
(c) The poet prays to the Lord to help him stand for what is right. (might/right)
(d) The poet wants to see that his teenage years have been the best years of his life, (worst/ best)

2. Find and write the pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
1. …………, 2. …………., 3. …………., 4. …………, 5. ……………

Question 1.
Find and write the pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:
1. make – take
2. success – distress
3. see – me
4. way – day

3. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? Choose the correct one from the following options.
(i) aabb (ii) abcd (iii) abcb (iv) abba

Question 1.
What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? Choose the correct one from the following options.
(i) aabb (ii) abed (iii) abeb (iv) abba
Answer:
(iii) abeb.

4. Match the lines in Column A with the Figures of Speech in Column B.

Question 1.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Decisions, I must make	(a) Apostrophe
(ii) Please open up my eyes, dear Lord.	(b) Alliteration
(iii) Travel down the darkened road	(c) Metaphor
(iv) I can choose to take the road of life.	(d) Inversion

5. Elements of Planning An Interview : (Group Activity)
Form groups and discuss each element of planning an interview and prepare notes on each element.

6. Prepare a set of 10 questions to interview any successful teenager. You may use the following guidelines.

Question 1.
Prepare a set of 10 questions to interview any successful teenager. You may use the following guidelines.

Answer:
Interview questions for blind musician :

1. Could you please tell me about your family?
2. How did your blindness affect your career as a musician and composer?
3. Who supported you in your venture?
4. Who were your Gurus and what sort of training did you receive?
5. What is your speciality in singing?
6. Which was the best performance in your life according to you?
7. What are the awards you have received?
8. What are your plans for future?
9. What is your advice to young aspirants?
10. What can you do to encourage them?

7. Read the poem. Write an appreciation of the poem in about 12 to 15 sentences with the help of the following points.

Question 1.
Read the poem. Write an appreciation of the poem in about 12 to 15 sentences with the help of the following points.

Answer:

1. Title: ‘A Teenager’s Prayer’.
2. The name of the Poet: J. Morse.
3. Rhyme scheme: The rhyme scheme of the poem is ‘abeb.’
4. Figure of speech (Any 1): Apostrophe, Inversion, Metaphor.
5. Theme/Central Idea: The theme of the poem is a teenager’s dilemma about making the right decisions.

The responsibility of choice falls fully on him/her. A wrong decision may ruin the whole life. Hence the teenager in the poem prays to God for His help and guidance.

8. Compose a short prayer in English asking God to guide you in your teenage years. Later, you can even try to make the lines rhyme to give it a poetic form.

Question 1.
Compose a short prayer in English asking God to guide you in your teenage years. Later, you can even try to make the lines rhyme to give it a poetic form.
Answer:

• O God, bless me with friends
• with purest heart,
• Who’ll always stand by me in dark and dust.
• Let our friendship grow clean and right.
• My future bright will be in my sight.

9. Look around in your vicinity – your family, friends, neighbours, classmates, etc. and write about any four teenagers who have made a name for themselves by doing something extraordinary.

Question 1.
Look around in your vicinity – your family, friends, neighbours, classmates, etc. and write about any four teenagers who have made a name for themselves by doing something extraordinary.

Answer:

Teenager Group	Name	Special/extraordinary tasks/things performed
1. Family	Vishal	Healthy young boy-body-building was his passion-trained-hard work-took part in various competitions-became ‘Mumbai Shree’at the age of 20-opened his own Gym-trained many body-builders-they won many titles-became rich and famous.
2. Friends	Meera	Disabled-lost a leg in an accident-prosthetic leg at the age of 15-she excelled in studies-after graduation she appeared for Maharashtra Public Service Commission exams-passed at first attempt-ranked 5th among all-became Tehsildar-worked for common man-all people loved and admired her administration.
3. Neighbours	Yashraj	Special child-born blind-inclined to music since childhood-distressful life-did not give up-used to listen to songs on transistor and TV.-practised-learnt harmonium, guitar, tabla, etc.-sang classical songs-mastered every type of music-arranged many concerts-today he is a famous music director at the age of 30.
4. Classmates	Jacob	Wealthy family-were in big business-father wanted him to get into business-but he wanted to change the face of villages-adopted some backward villages-worked selflessly with the poor and needy people-with great patience, perseverance and sacrifice did his noble work-brought transformation in their life-improved their overall quality of life-he is respected as God by the villagers.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complex Factual Activity :
Complete the webs : (Answer is directly given.)

1.

2.

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
Complete the sentences with the help of the extract:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)

1. The person should strictly say ‘no’ to any temptation that comes in his way,
2. It’ll keep a person’s body clean and fit.

Question 2.
Whose company does the poet wish for, in the walk of life? Why?
OR
What effect does the speaker wish to see in himself at the end of his teens?
Answer:
The poet wishes the company of God because, by the time his teenage years are over, he will know that the life he lived under the guidance and help of the Almighty, was the best.

Question 3.
In what condition does the poet wish to maintain his body?
Answer:
The poet wishes to maintain his body and keep it clean and fit each day, when temptation attracts him to do anything bad or wrong.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Identify the following figures of speech :
Answer:

1. Please open up my eyes, – Apostrophe dear Lord.
2. And fit for life each day. – Alliteration

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 1.1 Life Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 1.1 Life

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 1.1 Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. There are many popular lines like:
‘life Is a game – play ft well’.
‘life Is a Journey – keep going ahead’.
Discuss and write down a few such metaphorical lines about ‘life’. You can make them up yourselves.
1. …………………………….. .
2. …………………………….. .
3. …………………………….. .
4. …………………………….. .
5. …………………………….. .

Question 1.
Discuss and write down a few metaphorical lines about life, like the two lines given on page 2 of the textbook.
Answer:
(Some examples)

1. Life is a movie – enjoy it to the full.
2. Life is a short picnic – relish it.
3. Life is a see-saw – sometimes up, sometimes down.

2. Prepare as many ‘acrostics’ using the word LIFE, as you can. Two examples are given below.

You can turn it into a game, using a time – limit. Make sure your acrostics are related to ‘life’.

Question 1.
Prepare as many acrostics as you can, using the word ‘LIFE’.
Answer:
(Some examples)
1. Love
Inspiration
Friendship
Enjoyment

2. Lively
Interesting
Fascinating
Enchanting

3. Listen carefully and write the word in the appropriate column.

Teacher: hopeful, lonely, happy, jealous, surprised, shy, loving, proud, cheerful, anxious, nervous, excited, embarrassed, scared, silly, comfortable, peaceful, depressed, enthusiastic, motivated, inspired, threatened, crushed, angry Note that it is possible to feel both kinds of emotions at the same time. Have you experienced it? Try to describe the situation in short.

Question 1.
Listen carefully to the words spoken by the teacher and write them in the appropriate columns :
(The answer is given directly.)
Answer:

Positive Feelings	Negative Feelings
hopeful, excited, happy, surprised, loving, cheerful, comfortable, peaceful, enthusiastic, motivated, inspired.	lonely, jealous, shy,  proud, anxious, nervous, embarrassed, scared, silly, depressed, angry, threatened, crushed.

English Workshop :

1. Pick out from the extract two lines each that reflect an optimistic (positive) attitude and pessimistic (negative) attitude.

Optimism :
1. …………… .
2. ……………. .

Pessimism :
1. …………….. .
2. …………….. .

Question 1.
Pick out from the extract two lines each that reflect an optimistic (positive) attitude and pessimistic (negative) attitude.
Answer:
Optimism :

1. Foretells a pleasant day.
2. But these are transient all.

Pessimism :

1. Oft a little morning rain.
2. Sometimes there are clouds of gloom.

(Note: These lines cannot actually be called pessimistic. The poetess looks on problems as temporary and feels that any difficulties we face always foretell a happy future. There are no lines that are absolutely pessimistic.)

2. Give other ‘-ly’ adverbs of similar meaning for the following. Use a thesaurus if needed.

(a) rapidly → ……………… .
(b) merrily → ……………… .
(c) gratefully → ………………
(d) cheerily → ……………… .
(e) manfully → ……………… .
(f) fearlessly → ……………… .
(g) gloriously → ……………… .
(h) victoriously → ……………… .

Question 1.
Give other ‘-ly’ adverbs of similar meaning for the following. Use a thesaurus if needed :
(The answers are given directly.)
Answer:
(a) rapidly → swiftly
(b) merrily → cheerfully
(c) gratefully → thankfully
(d) cheerily → happily
(e) manfully → bravely
(f) fearlessly → courageously
(g) gloriously → wonderfully
(h) victoriously → triumphantly

3. Pick out three examples of interrogation (rhetorical questions) from the poem.
a. Explain in your own words the point that each one makes.

b. Explain the metaphor in the following lines :
1. Oft a little morning rain ………………………………….
Foretells a pleasant day ……………………………………
2. Sometimes there are clouds ………………………………….
3. … the shower will make the roses bloom ………………………………….
4. Life’s sunny hours flit by ………………………………….

c. Pick out four examples of personification. Write what is personified in each :
1. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
4. ………………………………….

d. ‘And calls our Best away’ is a gentle way of expressing the unpleasant idea of a loved one dying. It is an example of euphemism. Think and write down 3 or 4 ways in which we can express the idea of ‘death’ in a tactful and gentle manner.
1. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
4. ………………………………….

Question a.
Pick out two examples of interrogation (rhetorical questions) from the extract. Explain in your own words the point that each one makes.
Answer:

Interrogation	Explanation
1. What though death at times steps in, And calls our Best away?	If death, at times takes away the people we love most, we must accept it and hope for better times.
2. What though sorrow seems to win, O’er hope a heavy sway?	It does not matter if we are overcome by sorrow and hope seems to be far away.

Question b.
Explain the metaphor in the following lines :

1. Oft a little morning rain ………………….
Foretells a pleasant day …………….
2. SometImes there are clouds……………..
3. … the shower wifi make the roses bloom …………..
4. life’s sunny hours flit by ……………

Question 1.
Oft a little morning rain
Foretells a pleasant day.
Answer:
If we have difficulties at some stage, there will be joyous times following it. Difficulties are implicitly compared to rain and joyous times to a pleasant day.

Question 2.
Sometimes there are clouds.
Answer:
Sometimes there are problems. Problems are implicitly compared to clouds.

Question 3.
……. the shower will make the roses bloom.
Answer:
The problems we face will make for better times ahead. Problems are implicitly compared to the showers of rain and better times Eire implicitly compared to roses blooming.

Question 4.
Life’s sunny hours flit by.
Answer:
The happy times of our life go by very quickly. Here, the happy times are implicitly compared to sunny hours.

Question c.
Pick out four examples of personification from the extract. Write what is personified in each.
Answer:

1. ‘Death steps in.’ Death is personified.
2. ‘Sorrow seems to win.’ Sorrow is personified.
3. ‘Yet Hope again elastic springs, Unconquered though she fell.’ Hope is personified.
4. ‘Can courage quell despair!’ Courage is personified.

Question d.
‘And calls our Best away’ is a gentle way of expressing the unpleasant idea of a loved one dying. It is an example of euphemism. Think and write down 3 or 4 ways in which we can express the idea of ‘death’ in a tactful and gentle manner.
Answer:

1. The person has left for his heavenly abode.
2. He/She has gone to meet his/her Maker.
3. He/She has become the beloved of God.
4. He/She has completed his work on this earth.

4. ‘…………. and that’s how I realised that courage and hope can help me overcome any major mishap/problem in life.’ Write an episode/experience from your own life that leads to the above conclusion.

Question 1.
‘…… and that’s how I realized that courage and hope can help me overcome any major mishap/ problem in life.’ Write an episode/experience from your own life that leads to the above conclusion.
Answer:
I am a lover of sports. My favourite game is football. I wanted to play in my school team, and right from the age of eleven, I had been practising very sincerely.

Then one unfortunate day, when I was twelve, I fell down the stairs of my building and fractured my leg , badly. I was devastated. How could I play my favourite game? How could I make it to the team? Would my leg ever become completely alright again? Would I be I able to run around and kick the ball as before? I felt that my world had ended.

This was the time when my family gave me their full support. My grandparents helped me to while away the long hours; my parents made nutritious food for me and saw to the medical treatment. My sister, who is four years older than me, gave me sound advice and courage. She understood what I was going through.

She told me of various people who had suffered terrible disasters and had risen I above them. She brought me videos of umpteen cases where the mind had won over the body. She made me read biographies of achievers like Wilma Rudolph and Sudha Chandran. She made me do my exercises regularly and keep in touch with my sport. Slowly but surely, I regained courage and confidence.

Believe it or not, two years later I made it to my football team! My doctor and my family said that it was optimism and a positive attitude that had helped me recover completely. And that’s how I realized that courage and hope can help me (or anybody) overcome any major mishap/problem in life.

5. Read: ‘The Psalm of Life’ – a poem by H. W. Longfellow.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 1.1 Life Additional Important Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Question 1.
It is possible to feel both kinds of emotions at the same time. Have you experienced it? Try to describe such a situation in short.
(An example is given below.)
Answer:
Yes, I have experienced it. Once, when I stood first in class and got excellent marks in Science and Maths, my parents gave a party. All my friends were also present. My father gave a speech praising me. At that time, I was happy as well as embarrassed.

Read the following extracts carefully and complete the activities :

Simple Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False :
Answer:

1. The sages say that life is a dark dream. True
2. The clouds of gloom are permanent. False
3. We must enjoy the happy hours of our life. True
4. Life’s sunny hours flit by quickly. True

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
What do the sages say?
Answer:
The sages say that life is a dark dream.

Question 2.
What does the rain often foretell?
Answer:
The rain often foretells a pleasant day.

Question 3.
What should we do during joyful times in life?
Answer:
We should enjoy the joyful times of our life gratefully and cheerfully.

Question 4.
Complete the following :
We should not be unhappy when we have difficulties because
Answer:
We should not be unhappy when we have difficulties because these difficulties are temporary. If we have difficulties at some stage in our lives, there will be joyous times following it later.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Pick out an example of interrogation (rhetorical question) from the extract. Explain j in your own words the point that it makes.
Answer:

Interrogation	Explanation
If the shower will make the roses bloom, Oh, why lament its fall?	If a little rain helps the roses to flower, we should not feel unhappy about it. This means that we must not express regret for the difficulties we face in life.

Simple Factual Activity :

Complete the following :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

1. One should bear the day of trial courageously and fearlessly.
2. The wings of hope are golden and buoyant, (strong, elastic)

Complex Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Does sorrow actually win over hope, according to the poet?
Answer:
No. Though hope is temporarily defeated, it springs up again and helps us to bear the days of trials.

Question 2.
Who does ‘Our Best’ refer to?
Answer:
‘Our Best’ refers to those whom we love and cherish the most.

Question 3.
Why are the wings of hope ‘golden’?
Answer:
Gold is the colour of optimism. The wings of hope are golden because hope helps us bear up with
our problems and suppress despair.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of this poem. With the help of given points in paragraph format :
Note: The point format given for Appreciation of Poem is for easy understanding. However, it is to be written in I the form of a paragraph in the examination.
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)

• Title: Life
• Poet: Charlotte Bronte
• Rhyme Scheme: abeb in the first stanza, and abab in all the remaining stanzas.
• Figures of Speech: ‘What though death at times steps in’. The figure of speech is Personification, Death is given the human quality of ‘stepping in’.
• The other important figures of speech are Metaphor and Interrogation (Rhetorical Questions).
• Theme/Central idea: This is a motivating and optimistic poem. The poet says that the bad things of life are transient, and good things invariably follow them.
• Hope will rescue us and help us to bear our trials, even during times of great adversity. We must be optimistic, and have the courage to overcome any mishaps or problems.

Paragraph Format:

The poem ‘Life’ is by Charlotte Bronte. It is a motivating and optimistic poem. The Rhyme Scheme is abeb for the first stanza and abab in all remaining stanzas. There are many figures of speech e.g. Personification ‘What though death at times steps in’. Here, death is given the human quality of ‘stepping in’. The other important figures of speech are Metaphor and Interrogation (Rhetorical Questions).

The poetess says that the bad things of life are temporary. Good things invariably follow it. Even during times of great adversity, hope will rescue us and help us to bear our trials. We must look at the positive side of life, and have the courage to overcome any mishaps or problems. The poem makes one feel good and is easy to understand.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options: 

Question 1.
Among the historical sources …………….. sources are based on modem technology.
(a) Written
(b) Oral
(c) Material
(d) Audio-Visual
Answer:
(d) Among the historical sources Audio Visual Sources are based on modem technology

Question 2.
The ……… is a museum in Pune which gives information about the history of Mahatma Gandhi.
(a) Aga Khan Palace
(b) Sabamiati Ashram
(c) Cellular Jail
(d) Lakshmi Vilas Palace
Answer:
(a) The Aga Khan Palace is a museum in Pune which gives information about the history of Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 3.
A unique discovery of modem technology in 20^th century is …………. .
(a) Powada
(c) Interviews
(b) Photograph
(d) Films
Answer:
(d) A unique discovery of modem technology in 20^th century is Films.

2. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
During the British period. newspapers also acted as sources of social reformation.
Answer:
(1) Newspapers like Amrit Bazaar Patrika. Deenbandhu, Dnyanoday Kesari, etc. acted as an important source to awaken the minds of the people.
(2) Newspapers in the British period not only opposed imperialism but also educated the masses and created awareness among the people.
(3) The Nibandhmala by Vishnushastri Chiplunkar and Shatapatre written by Lokahitawadi alias Gopal Hari Deshmukh published in the weekly Prabhakar commented on various social and cultural issues.
(4) Newspapers threw light on ill customs like sati, child marriage, ban on widow remarriage, etc., and awakened minds of the people.
(5) We came to know about various policies of the British towards India and their effects on India.
(6) Thus newspapers were not only source of political events but also acted as a source of social reformation.
(Note: Information given in the textbook is insufficient.)

Question 2.
Audio-visual recordings are considered as the most trustworthy source for the study of Modern Indian History.
Answer:
Audio-visual recordings are considered a trustworthy source for study of modem history. Because –
(1) Important events during the freedom struggle could be seen in reality.
(2) Audio-visual recordings of Dandi March, Quit India movement, Salt Satyagraha and other historical events are available.
(3) Films also dealt with subjects like social problems, superstitions, practices. They reflect contemporary social, religious. political issues. Therefore, audio-visual recordings are considered as a unique discovery of 20^th century.
(Note: Information given in the textbook is insufficient,)

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Photographs:
Answer:
(1) Before the invention of photography, paintings were an important source of history. But the authenticity of such paintings is doubtful.
(2) Photographs are considered more reliable, as the lens capture the persons. events and objects exactly as they appear.
(3) The photograph of a person gives information about the physical features, dressing style, etc.
(4) Photographs enable us to recreate visual image of an event. The photograph of an object or structure helps in understanding its nature.
Hence, photographs are important visual source of modem Indian history.

Question 2.
Museums and History:
Answer:
(1) A place where ancient artefacts, paintings, photographs, tools, coins, documents, clothes, etc. are exhibited is known as Museum.
(2) Ancient artefacts give us information about the economic, social, political and religious conditions of the respective periods.
(3) The metal and the inscriptions on the coin tell us about the economic conditions of that period and the metals used.
(4) We come to know progress in art of making tools, paintings, sculpture and metallurgy.
(5) History and museums are related. They are important source of writing history

Question 3.
Audio Sources:
Answer:
(1) Recording is a form of audio source in history.
(2) The discovery of technique of recording was very important.
(3) Akashvani, audio tapes are considered important audio sources.
(4) Jana Gana Mano sung by Rabindranath Tagore, speeches of Subash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi, speeches of leaders and personalities are broadcast from Akashvani.
(5) We get to know about prevalent social, cultural, intellectual and educational history of a particular period from audio source. It is helpful for students conducting research in history.

4. Complete the following diagram.

Question 1.

Answer:

Do You Know?

Museums and History:
1. Museums preserve objects, paintings, photographs, tools, etc.
2. These material sources are very helpful for researchers of history.
3. The ancient monuments are related to the kings, leaders residing in it.
4. Museums of modern period:

• Andaman Cellular Jail: V. D. Savarkar
• Mani Bhavan in Mumbai: Mahatma Gandhi
• Sevagram in Wardha: Mahatma Gandhi
• Aga Khan palace in Pune: Mahatma Gandhi

Do it:
Trace out the statues and memorials in your neighboring areas. Note down the information, of an event or personality, that you obtain through it.

Written sources:
The following aspects are included in the written sources of Modem Indian History.

Let us know:

Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar and Newspapers:

1. Dr. Bcibasaheb Ambedkar started the fortnightly ‘Mooknayak’ in 1920.
2. On 4 April 1927, he started the newspaper ‘Bahishkrut Bharat.
3. He also started newspapers namely ‘Janata’ and ‘Prabuddha Bharat’.
4. The aim of his writing was to reform common people and bring unity among them.

Project:

Question 1.
Collect the photographs related to the Indian Freedom movement with the help of the Internet.

Question 2.
Gather information about the important leaders of Indian freedom movement and their biographies and read aloud.

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options:

Question 1.
When we visit Cellular Jail in Andaman we get information about the revolutionary work of ………. .
(a) Vasudev Baiwant Phadke
(b) Umaji Naik
(c) V D. Savarkar
(d) Bhagatsingh
Answer:
(c) When we visit Cellular Jail in Andaman we get information about the revolutionary work of V. D. Savarkar.

Question 2.
………….. were composed on freedom struggle of 1857.
(a) Music
(b) Songs
(c) Powadas
(d) Bhajans
Answer:
(c) Powadas were composed on freedom struggle of 1857.

Question 3.
We find comments on various social and cultural issues in Nibandhmala by ………. .
(a) Krishnashastri Chiplunkar
(b) Vishnushastri Chiplunkar
(c) Lokmanya Tilak
(d) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Answer:
(b) Vishnushastri Chiplunkar

Question 4.
Shatapatre by Lokahitawadi were published in the weekly ………. .
(a) Dnyanoday
(b) Dnyanprakash
(c) Prabhakar
(d) Deenbandhu
Answer:
(c) Prabhakar

Question 5.
In India, …………. laid the foundation of film making in 1913.
(a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
(b) Aga Khan
(c) Dada Saheb Phalke
(d) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer:
(c) Dada Saheb Phalke

Question 6.
………. sung by Rabidranath Tagore is used as audio source of history.
(a) Jhanda Uncha rahe hamara
(b) Vande Mataram
(c) Saare Jahan se accha
(d) Jana Gana Mana
Answer:
(d) Jana Gana Mana

Question 7.
In April 1927, Dr. Ambedkar started the newspaper
(a) Kesari
(b) Bahishkrut Bharat
(c) Mahratta
(d) Mooknayak
Answer:
(b) Bahishkrut Bharat

Name the following:

Question 1
Famous prison in Andaman:
Answer:
Cellular Jail

Question 2.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Memorial at Pune:
Answer:
Aga Khan Palace

Question 3.
Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi at Vardha:
Answer:
Sevagram Ashram

Question 4.
Mahatma Gandhi’s memorial in Mumbai:
Answer:
Manibhavan.

Classify the following sources of history into Material sources, Written sources, Oral sources and Audio -Visual sources:

Newspapers, memorials, inspirational songs, forts, coins, correspondence, powadas, jail, palaces, films, statues, dailies, inscriptions, maps, folk tales, documentaries, autobiography, fountain, books, travelogue, owees, roads, Doordarshan, factory records, folk songs, bridge.
Answer:

Complete the graphical description:

Question 1.

Answer:

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Which period is considered to be the period of modern Indian History?
Answer:
The period of Europeans, especially British rulers and period of governance of princely states in India is considered as period of modern Indian history.

Question 2.
Why did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar start the newspaper ‘Bahishkrut Bharat’?
Answer:
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started the newspaper ‘Bahishkrut Bharat’ for the reformation of common people and to bring unity among them.

Question 3.
What was the reason behind establishment of ‘The Survey of India’ during the British rule’?
Answer:
The Survey of India was established during the British rule to survey various provinces and cities of India using scientific method to prepare maps.

Question 4.
Which department prepared the original maps of Mumbai port?
Answer:
The original maps of Mumbai port were prepared by the Department of Mumbai Port Trust.

Question 5.
What is included in the material sources of history?
Answer:
The material sources of history includes various objects, monuments, places, coins, sculptures, etc.

Explain the concept:

Oral Sources:
Answer:

1. The compositions which are passed on from one generation to the other by way of information or rote learning and which are not in written form are called the ‘oral sources of history’.
2. Folk songs, powadas, ovees, inspirational songs, folk tales, etc. are included in oral sources.
3. The creators of the oral sources mostly remain unknown.
4. We come to know about prevalent social life, traditions, customs, language, etc. through oral sources.
5. The aim of oral sources was to entertain, inspire and create vitality in the society.

Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
We should preserve historical monument s.
Answer:
1. Monuments cire witness to our glorious past. Many monuments are connected to freedom fighters and their work.
2. Sevagram Ashram at Wardha and Mani Bhavan at Mumbai give us information about the Gandhian era.
3. The cellular jail at Andaman is a witness to the sufferings of V. D. Savarkar and his revolutionary work.
4. We get information about contemporary history architecture, nature of the monument, and the economic condition of that particular period.
5. We get to know our history because of monuments and they invoke nationalistic feeling among us.

Question 2.
Statues are considered important for the study of modern history.
Answer:

1. Memorials in the form of statues were erected of many personalities who influenced a particular period.
2. We come to know about those great people because of statues.
3. The display plaque on the statues give information about the name of the concerned person, his work, date of birth and his death.
4. We get information about important events in his life, brief information about his contribution and a biographical sketch.
5. We come to know about contemporary rulers and eminent personalities.
6. The memorials are erected in the memory of various events also.

Question 3.
Maps and drawings are important sources of history.
Answer:
(1) We come to know about changing nature of a city or a location from the map.
(2) They are important from the view of study of architecture of a building as well as phases of development of a particular area.
(3) The development of Bombay city can be understood through the plans drafted by architects and engineers who made the original plan of Bombay Port Trust. Therefore, we can say that maps and drawings are important source of history.

Question 4.
It is comparatively easy to study sources of modern history.
Answer:

1. History writing is based on evidences and proofs. It is difficult to obtain ancient and medieval sources of history but sources to study modern history are available in abundance and in variety.
2. There are many material sources available in museums and documents in archives.
3. Through the audio-visual source we can see the historical event in reality. Thus, to study sources of modern history is comparatively easy.

Question 5.
It is required to verify the written sources before they are used.
Answer:

1. We have to be careful while making use of written sources. The authenticity of the documents needs to be verified.
2. We need to see the ideas suggested through them.
3. Before making use of the document it is necessary to know the perspective of the writer, his ideologies and opinions about a particular event.
4. If all the angles are not considered the writings become one-sided. Hence it is necessary to verify written sources.

Answer the following questions in 25-30 words:

Question 1.
Which monuments are considered as historical monuments?
Answer:
The following monuments are considered as historical monuments:

1. Palaces of rulers of princely state, residences of officers, leaders and revolutionaries, forts, bridges and government offices.
2. Buildings, water supply system, fountains, roads.
3. Prisons, national monuments, etc.

Question 2.
Why is it important to preserve sources?
Answer:

1. Museums, Archives preserve the sources of history.
2. This sources give evidence of our rich cultural heritage.
3. There is a great need to preserve this sources, as it is through them, that the rich tradition of history can be passed on to the next generation.

Question 3.
Why are films considered effective audio-visual source of modern Indian History?
Answer:
(1) Due to technological development there was development in photography, recording and film making.
(2) Dada Saheb Phalke laid the foundation of Indian Film Industry. Many movies were made on historical events and personalities.
(3) Audio-visual recordings of Dandi Yatra and on Salt Satyagraha movement are available.
(4) We get information of social, political condition, dress, traditions, language of particular period from the films and audio tapes.
(5) The events happened in the past could be seen in reality. Therefore films are considered as an effective audio-visual source of modem Indian History.

Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Write about the work of newspapers in pre-independence period.
Answer:

1. Newspapers like Amrit Bazaar Patrika, Deenbandhu, Dnyanoday, Kesari, etc. acted as important source to awaken the minds of the people.
2. They criticized the anti-India policies of Britishers.
3. Western education and knowledge reached people through them.
4. Newspapers and weeklies were the source of various political, social and cultural events.
5. They commented on ill customs and practices in our society and thus were the source of social reformation.
6. They discussed various policies of British rulers and their effects on India.
7. The work and ideas of leaders and reformers reached people through them.

Question 2.
Write about the importance of the following as sources of history:
(a) Inspirational songs
(b) Powadas
Answer:
(a) Inspirational songs:

1. Many inspirational songs were written during the period of freedom movement.
2. Many unpublished inspirational songs were memorised by freedom fighters.
3. We get information about the prevalent conditions during pre-independence period.
4. We come to know about our heritage, work of great men, injustice done by the Britishers.
5. They gave inspiration to the society and infused spirit in the freedom movement.
6. As they convey information about the place, person and his deed they are useful in writing history.

(b) Powadas:
(1) Powadas were a dramatic narration by alternatingly reciting poetry and prose extract. It is a source to get information about a historical work of a person or an event.
(2) Powadas were composed on the freedom struggle of 1857 and valour of revolutionaries during the British rule.
(3) Powadas were composed on work of Satyashodhak Samaj to awaken the oppressed classes.
(4) During the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Powadas were composed to inspire people. They used to create motivation, spirit among the people and infused enthusiasm and vitality.

Question 3.
Is there any need of statues and memorials?
Answer:
Recently there had been quite a few incidents and politics on statues and memorials. But still, I feel they should be there for the following reasons:

1. Statues are raised in memory of those people who had contributed for the welfare of the society.
2. Memorials are raised of events which are inspirational.
3. A Memorial is a testimony of the work done, in adverse conditions. Statues give us inspiration to have ideal morals.
4. They are testimonials of our rich heritage and as heirs what have we inherited.
5. They need not be raised in large numbers nor should there be statues of common people and of criminals.