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Std 10 Hindi Chapter 1 Matrubhumi Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Hindi Lokvani Chapter 1 मातृभूमि Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Hindi Lokvani 10th Digest Chapter 1 मातृभूमि Questions And Answers

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest Chapter 1 मातृभूमि Textbook Questions and Answers

स्वाध्याय :

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए :

1. कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
फूलों की विशेषताएँ

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
जन्मभूमि की विशेषताएँ

उत्तर:

2. इन शब्द – शब्द समूहों के लिए कविता में प्रयुक्त शब्द लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
इन शब्द – शब्द समूहों के लिए कविता में प्रयुक्त शब्द लिखिए।

उत्तर:

शब्द समूह	शब्द
पक्षियों के समूह	खग वंद
शेषनाग के फन	सिंहासन
समुद्र	रत्नाकर
सूरज और चाँद	युग मुकुट

3. कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

उत्तर:

4. संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

प्रश्न 1.
संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

उत्तर:

5. एक शब्द के लिए शब्द समूह लिखिए।

प्रश्न 1.
एक शब्द के लिए शब्द समूह लिखिए।
i. विश्वपालिनी = ……………………
ii. भयनिवारिणी = ………………….
उत्तर:
i. विश्व का पालन करने वाली
ii. भय का निवारण करने वाली

6. चौखट में प्रयुक्त शब्दों को सूचना के अनुसार परिवर्तन करके लिखिए। 

प्रश्न 1.
चौखट में प्रयुक्त शब्दों को सूचना के अनुसार परिवर्तन करके लिखिए।

उत्तर:

6. ‘हे शरणदायिनी देवी तू, करती सबका त्राण है।’ पंक्ति से प्रकट होने वाला भाव लिखिए। 

प्रश्न 2.
‘हे शरणदायिनी देवी तू, करती सबका त्राण है।’ पंक्ति से प्रकट होने वाला भाव लिखिए।
उत्तरः
इस पंक्ति से कृतज्ञता का भाव व्यक्त होता है। मातृभूमि ने हमें सब कुछ दिया है। इसके बदले में उसने हमसे कुछ भी नहीं लिया है। अत: उसके अनंत उपकारों के प्रति कृतज्ञ होकर कवि ने उसकी प्रार्थना करते हुए कहा है कि वह शरणदायिनी देवी है और जो उसकी शरण में आता है; वह उसकी रक्षा करती है।

उपयोजित लेखन :

प्रश्न 1.
‘मैं पंछी बोल रहा हूँ…’ इस विषय पर निबंध लिखिए।
उत्तर:
“मैं हूँ एक पंछी… प्रकृति का एक अंश…। इस धरती पर चारों ओर स्वच्छंद विचरण करने का अधिकार ईश्वर ने मुझे भी प्रदान किया है। अब तो बूढ़ा हो गया हूँ। मुझे आज भी याद है, मेरा जन्म आम के पेड़ पर बने घोंसले में हुआ था। जब मेरा जन्म हुआ था; तब मेरे माता-पिता बहुत खुश थे। मेरे साथ मेरे और दो भाई भी थे, लेकिन अब वे जीवित नहीं है। वे काल के गाल में समा गए हैं। आहिस्ता-आहिस्ता मैं बड़ा हुआ। बड़ा होने के बाद मेरे पंखों में शक्ति आ गई और मैं स्वच्छंद होकर खुले आसमान में उड़ने लगा।

समुद्र के ऊपरी हिस्से पर उड़ते समय मुझे बहुत खुशी होती थी। समुद्र से ऊपर उड़ने वाली लहरों के साथ मैं भी नर्तन करता था। कितना अच्छा लगता था मुझे उस समय! मैंने अन्य पक्षियों के साथ आम के पेड़ पर अपना घोंसला बनाया व बड़े ही प्यार से वहाँ पर रहने लगा। पेड़ की सुखद हरियाली में मुझे बेहद मजा आता था। अन्य पक्षियों के साथ मौज-मस्ती करते समय मैं फूला न समाता था। मेरी यह खुशी अधिक दिन तक नहीं रही। भाग्य को कुछ और ही मंजूर था।

एक दिन सरकारी अधिकारी आम के पेड़ के पास छान-बीन करने आए। न जाने उनकी आपस में क्या बातें हुई? उनके चले जाने के चार-पाँच दिन के बाद आम के पेड़ की कटाई करने के लिए कर्मचारी आए। उन्होंने बड़ी ही निर्दयता से पेड़ को जड़ से अलग कर दिया। इस कारण आम के पेड़ पर रहने वाले मेरे जैसे कई पक्षी बेघर हो गए। हम सब पंछी निराश एवं दुखी हो गए। कई पक्षियों ने घोंसले में शिशुओं को जन्म दिया था। पेड़ के गिरने के साथ उन्होंने भी इस संसार से विदा लिया।

अपने दोस्त एवं परिजनों की बुरी अवस्था देखकर मैं भी व्यथित हो गया हूँ। अब मैं अपने जीवन की अंतिम साँसें गिन रहा हूँ। मेरे जैसे कई खग-बूंद काल के गाल में समा गए हैं। हमारी कई प्रजातियाँ नामशेष रह गई हैं। इंसान को प्रकृति के साथ खिलवाड़ नहीं करना चाहिए। यदि ऐसा ही होता रहा, तो एक दिन पर्यावरण संतुलन बिगड़ जाएगा और समस्त जीवन खतरे में पड़ जाएगा। इसलिए पर्यावरण की रक्षा करना प्रत्येक मानव का कर्तव्य होना चाहिए। यही मेरा सबके लिए संदेश है।”

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Textbook Solutions Chapter 1 मातृभूमि Additional Important Questions and Answers

(अ) निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के का अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति अ (1): आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
समझकर लिखिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
पद्यांश में प्रयुक्त प्राकृतिक घटकों के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर:
अंबर, सूर्य, चंद्र, रत्नाकर, नदियाँ, फूल, तारे, खग, पयोद

कृति अ (2) : शब्द संपदा

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ लिखिए।

1. अंबर
2. हरित
3. मेखला
4. सर्वेश
5. मुकुट

उत्तर:

1. आसमान
2. हरा
3. करधनी
4. ईश्वर
5. ताज

प्रश्न 2.
विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. प्रेम ×………….
2. सगुण × ………..
3. सत्य × ………..

उत्तर:

1. द्वेष
2. निर्गुण
3. असत्य

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

1. धागे आदि की करधनी
2. जिसमें मूल्यवान रत्नों का संचय है –
3. राजा के सिंहासनारोहण का अनुष्ठान –

उत्तर:

1. मेखला
2. रत्नाकर
3. अभिषेक

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द का तद्भव शब्द लिखिए।
i. हरित
ii. काम
उत्तर:
i. हरा
ii. कार्य

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित शब्द के अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
i. फन
ii. शेष
उत्तर:
i. फन: साँप का फन, हुनर
ii. शेष : बचा हुआ, छोड़ा हुआ

कृति अ (3) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

प्रश्न 1.
हम अपने देश को ‘मातृभूमि’ कहते हैं। अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर:
हम भारतवासी संस्कृति से जुड़े लोग हैं। हम अपने देश को माता कहकर पुकारते हैं। हमारी मातृभूमि हमें जीवन देती है। वह हमें प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का भंडार उपलब्ध कराती है। सबकुछ देने वाली मातृभूमि हमारी जननी है। वहीं हमारी माता है। आमतौर पर एक बच्चे को अपने पिता की अपेक्षा माता से अधिक लगाव होता है। उसी प्रकार का लगाव हमें अपनी धरती से होता है। उसमें हम अपनापन एवं ममत्व ढूँढ़ते हैं। हमारा अपनी देश की धरती से अटूट नाता होता है। हमारे वेदों में भी ‘नमो मातृ भूम्यै’ ऐसा कहा गया है। अपनी मातृभूमि के प्रति अपनी भावना व्यक्त करते हुए भगवान कृष्ण ने भी कहा है: ‘ऊधौ मोहिं ब्रज विसरत नाहिं।’

(आ) निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति आ (1): आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
समझकर लिखिए।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
गलत विधान सही करके लिखिए।
i. मातृभूमि पर प्रकृति के एक के बाद एक अदभुत दृश्य देखने को मिलते हैं।
उत्तरः
मातृभूमि पर छ: ऋतुओं के एक-के-बाद एक अद्भुत दृश्य देखने को मिलते हैं।

ii. मातृभूमि का धरातल बंजर है। जो किसी रोएँदार मखमल के कपड़े से कम नहीं है।
उत्तर:
मातृभूमि का धरातल हरियाली से भरा है; जो किसी रोएँदार मखमल के कपड़े से कम नहीं है।

कृति आ (2) : शब्द संपदा

प्रश्न 1.
कविता में इस अर्थ में आए शब्द लिखिए।

1. शुद्ध
2. पानी
3. श्रेष्ठ
4. हवा
5. अंधकार
6. सूर्य

उत्तर:

1. निर्मल
2. नीर
3. उत्तम
4. पवन
5. तम
6. तरणि

प्रश्न 2.
उपसर्ग व प्रत्यय लगाकर नए शब्द तैयार कीजिए।
i. गंध
उत्तर:
उपसर्गयुक्त शब्द : सुगंध
प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द : सुगंधित

प्रश्न 3.
पाश में से ऐसे दो शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए कि जिनके वचन में परिवर्तन नहीं होता हो ।
उत्तर:
i. दिन
ii. पवन

प्रश्न 4.
विलोम शब्द लिखिए।
i. शीतल × ………
ii. सुगंध × ……….
उत्तर:
i. उष्ण
ii. दुर्गध

प्रश्न 5.
पद्यांश में प्रयुक्त विलोम शब्दों की जोड़ियाँ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
i. दिन × रात
i. तम × प्रकाश

प्रश्न 6.
नीचे दिए हुए शब्द का श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द लिखिए।
i. कम
ii. दिन
उत्तर:
i. क्रम
ii. दीन

कति आ (3) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

प्रश्न 1.
‘छ: ऋतुओं ने भारत भूमि अर्थात हमारी मातृभूमि के सौंदर्य में चार चाँद लगा दिए हैं।’ अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तरः
भारत भूमि पर प्रकृति की विशेष कृपा है। विश्व में हमारी ही मातृभूमि ऐसी है जहाँ पर छः ऋतुओं का नियमित रूप से आगमन होता है। सभी ऋतुओं में अनोखी छटा देखने को मिलती है। वसंत, ग्रीष्म, वर्षा, शरद, हेमंत व शिशिर इन छ: ऋतुओं के एक-के-बाद एक अद्भुत दृश्य देखने को मिलते हैं। वसंत में फूलों का खिलना व पौधों का हरा-भरा होना आदि दृश्यों से मातृभूमि की शोभा देखने लायक होती है। ग्रीष्म ऋतु में फल व मेवे पकते हैं। बागों में आमों के फल लगते हैं।

वर्षा ऋतु में बारिश होती है। फसलों के लिए पानी मिलता है। पेड़ पौधे खुश और हरे-भरे हो जाते हैं। शरद ऋतु में कास के फूलों से धरती सज उठती है। मौसम सुहावना हो जाता है। हेमंत में बीज अंकुरित होते हैं। ओस की बूंदें गिरने लगती हैं। शिशिर में कड़ाके की ठंड पड़ती है। घना कोहरा छा जाता है। इस प्रकार मातृभूमि पर छ: ऋतुएँ सदैव अपना-अपना सौंदर्य बिखेरती रहती हैं।

(इ) पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति इ (1): आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्द पढ़कर ऐसे दो प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हों –
i. औषधियाँ
ii. वसुधा-धरा
उत्तर:
i. एक-से-एक निराली क्या प्राप्त हैं?
ii. पद्यांश में मातृभूमि के लिए प्रयुक्त नाम लिखिए।

प्रश्न 2.
सत्य-असत्य लिखिए।
i. मनुष्य को आवश्यक सभी पदार्थ मातृभूमि से मिलते हैं।
ii. भारत भूमि में धातुओं की खानें नहीं हैं।
उत्तर:
i. सत्य
i. असत्य

कृति इ. (2) : शब्द संपदा

प्रश्न 1.
पद्यांश में से उपसर्गयुक्त शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए।
उत्तर:

1. सुखद
2. सुमन
3. सरस

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित तत्सम शब्द ढूंढकर लिखिए।
उत्तर:

1. सुमन
2. सरस
3. वसुधा
4. धातु

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची लिखिए।

1. खान
2. निराली
3. सुरभित

उत्तर:

1. खदान
2. अनोखी
3. सुगंधित

प्रश्न 4.
नीचे दिए हुए शब्दों के अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
i. खान
ii. फल
उत्तर:
i. खान : खदान, खजाना
ii. फल : परिणाम, आम या अन्य फल

प्रश्न 5.
विलोम शब्द लिखिए।
i. आवश्यक × ………
i. सरस × ……
उत्तर:
i. अनावश्यक
ii. नीरस

प्रश्न 6.
अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।
i. सुख देने वाला –
ii. सब कुछ धारण करने वाली –
उत्तर:
i. सुखद
ii. धरा

कृति इ (3) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

प्रश्न 1.
‘धरती पर उपलब्ध संसाधनों का हमें उचित ध्यान रखना चाहिए।’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तरः
प्रकृति से प्राप्त संसाधनों को प्राकृतिक संसाधन कहा जाता है। हवा, पानी, खनिज, लकड़ी, मिट्टी, तेल, वनस्पति, जीवाश्म ईंधन व ऊर्जा आदि प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के उदाहरण है। हमें प्राकृतिक का इस्तेमाल सोच-समझकर ही करना चाहिए। उन्हें व्यर्थ में बरबाद करने से आगे चलकर मनुष्य जीवन ही खतरे में पड़ सकता है। सभ्यता के इस युग में लोगों ने अपनी आँखे बंद करके प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का अमर्यादित दोहन करना शुरू कर दिया है। पेड़ों की अंधाधुंध कटाई हो रही है। पेड़ों की कटाई के विपरीत प्रभाव के कारण प्रदूषण एवं वर्षा की कमी हो रही है। इसलिए जीवन को संभव बनाना है, तो हमें धरती पर उपलब्ध संसाधनों का उचित उपयोग करना होगा।

(ई) पद्यांश पड़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति ई (1): आकलन कृति

प्रश्न 1.
समझकर लिखिए।
उत्तर:

कृति ई (2) : शब्द संपदा

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ लिखिए।

1. विभव
2. जननी
3. विश्व
4. प्रेम

उत्तर:

1. संपन्न
2. माता
3. संसार
4. प्यार

प्रश्न 2.
विलोम शब्द लिखिए।
i. भय × …………
ii. दया ×……
उत्तर:
i. साहस
ii. निर्दयता

प्रश्न 3.
एक शब्द के लिए शब्द समूह लिखिए।
i. क्षमामयी
ii. शांतिकारिणी
उत्तर:
i. क्षमा करने वाली
ii. शांति निर्माण करने वाली

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित शब्द के अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।
i. क्षेम
उत्तर:
i. क्षेम : कुशल मंगल, सुख

कृति ई (3): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

प्रश्न 1.
‘हमारी मातृभूमि के प्रति जिम्मेदारी है।’ अपने विचार लिखिए।
उत्तर:
मातृभूमि हमारी सर्वस्व है। उस पर सब कुछ अर्पण करने की भावना हमारे पास होनी चाहिए। मातृभूमि के प्रति प्रेम व सम्मान की भावना होनी चाहिए। हमें मन, वचन व कर्म से राष्ट्रहित के लिए कार्य करते रहना चाहिए। मातृभूमि की रक्षा के लिए हमें सदैव तैयार रहना चाहिए। यदि कोई हमारी मातृभूमि की ओर आँख उठाकर देखने की कोशिश करें, तो हमें सजग होकर उसका प्रतिकार करना चाहिए।

जब हम मातृभूमि के प्रति दायित्व एवं जिम्मेदारियों को ध्यान में रखेंगे, तो शीघ्र ही हमारा देश प्रगति के पथ पर बढ़ेगा और विश्व में हमारी मातृभूमि की कीर्ती फैलेगी। हमें अपने कर्तव्य पालन के साथ-साथ दूसरे लोगों को भी मातृभूमि के प्रति कर्तव्यनिष्ठ एवं जिम्मेदार बनाने हेतु प्रयास करना चाहिए। इस प्रकार मातृभूमि की शान बढ़ाने हेतु हमें उसके प्रति जिम्मेदार होना चाहिए।

मातृभूमि Summary in Hindi

कवि-परिचय :

जीवन-परिचय : मैथिलीशरण गुप्त जी का जन्म झाँसी जिले के चिरगाँव में हुआ था। गुप्त जी खड़ी बोली हिंदी में काव्य रचना करने वाले, प्रथम कवि थे। अपने साहित्य में उपेक्षित नारी जीवन की व्यथा एवं वेदना को अभिव्यक्त करने का महान कार्य इन्होंने किया। यह राज्यसभा के मनोनीत सदस्य थे। इनकी रचनाओं में राष्ट्रीय चेतना, भारत का गौरवशाली इतिहास व संस्कृति प्रतिबिंबित होती हैं। महात्मा गांधी द्वारा इन्हें राष्ट्रकवि’ की पदवी से सम्मानित किया गया है।

प्रमुख कृतियाँ : ‘साकेत’ (महाकाव्य), ‘यशोधरा’, ‘जयद्रथ वध’, ‘पंचवटी’, ‘भारत-भारती’, (खंडकाव्य), ‘रंग में भंग’, ‘राजा प्रजा’ (नाटक) आदि।

पद्य-परिचय :

खड़ी बोली। ब्रज भाषा के स्थान पर खड़ी बोली को अपनी कविताओं की काव्य भाषा बनाकर कवियों ने उसकी क्षमता से सभी को परिचित कराने का कार्य किया। देशभक्ति, राष्ट्रीयता, बंधुत्व भावना, गांधीवाद, मानवता आदि मूल्यों को अभिव्यक्त करने का कार्य खड़ी बोली काव्य ने किया। प्रस्तावना । ‘मातृभूमि’ इस कविता में राष्ट्रकवि गुप्त जी ने भारतभूमि का गौरवगान किया है। हम भारतीय भारतभूमि को ‘मातृभूमि’ कहकर संबोधित करते हैं। हमें मातृभूमि के प्रति कृतज्ञ भाव रखकर उस पर अपना सर्वस्व न्योछावर करने का संदेश कविता के माध्यम से दिया गया है।

सारांश :

‘मातृभूमि’ कविता के द्वारा भारत की धरती का सुंदर और मनोहारी चित्रण करते हुए गुणगान किया गया है। भारत की भूमि हरियाली, नदियों, सागरों, फूलों और फलों, सुगंधित व शीतल पवन, चाँदनी के प्रकाश आदि से सुशोभित है। मातृभूमि सत्य का स्वरूप है और वह सर्वशक्तिमान ईश्वर की सगुण मूर्ति है। मातृभूमि पर उपलब्ध प्राकृतिक स्रोतों से जो जल मिल रहा है; वह अमृत के समान उत्तम है। यहाँ पर छ: अतुओं के एक के बाद एक अद्भुत दृश्य देखने को मिलते हैं।

भारत की भूमि विविध खाद्ययान्नों, धन-धान्य व प्राकृतिक संसाधनों से परिपूर्ण है। इसलिए मातृभूमि का ‘वसुधा’ एवं ‘धरा’ कहा जाता है। मातृभूमि क्षमामयी, दयामयी व सुखदायिनी है। वह अमृत, वात्सल्य व प्रेम की मूर्ति स्वरूप है। वह सबका दुख हरने वाली है। वह सबके जीवन को सुख-समृद्धि से भर देती है। इस प्रकार मातृभूमि के हम पर अनंत उपकार हैं। वह हमारी जननी है और हम उसकी संतान हैं।

भावार्थ :

नीलांबर परिधान …………………………………… मूर्ति सर्वेश की।
मातृभूमि भारतमाता के सुंदर रूप का वर्णन करते हुए राष्ट्रकवि गुप्त जी कहते हैं, “मात्रभूमि ने हरे रंग का परिधान धारण किया है और उनके सिर पर नीला अंबर शोभायमान है। आसमान में उदित होने वाले सूर्य व चंद्र उसके युग मुकुट है व सागर करधनी के रूप में उसकी शोभा बढ़ा रहे हैं। प्रेम रूपी प्रवाह के साथ नदियाँ बह रही हैं और चारों और सुंदर फूल खिले हैं; आसमान में रात्रि के समय प्रकाशित होने वाले तारों से मातृभूमि का सुंदर रूप और भी खिल रहा है।

मातृभूमि की महिमा का गुणगान कलरव के रूप में तरह-तरह के पक्षी कर रहे हैं। मातृभूमि का सिंहासन शेषनाग का फन है। बारिश के रूप में बादल इस मातृभूमि का अभिषेक कर रहे हैं। ऐसी भारतभूमि पर हमारा सब कुछ न्योछावर है। सचमुच, ऐसी गौरवमयी मातृभूमि सत्य का स्वरूप है और वह सर्वशक्तिमान ईश्वर की सगुण मूर्ति है।

ति निर्मल तेरा ……………………………… तम का नाश है।
मातृभूमि पर उपलब्ध प्राकृतिक स्रोतों से तो जल मिल रहा है। वह अमृत के समान उत्तम है। इस मातृभूमि पर बहने वाली शीतल-मंद व सुंगधित पवन मनुष्य के सारे कष्टों को दूर भगाती है। वसंत, ग्रीष्म, वर्षा, शरद, हेमंत व शिशिर इन छ: अतुओं के एक के बाद एक अदभुत दृश्य देखने को मिलते हैं। मातृभूमि का धरातल हरियाली से भरा हुआ है; जो किसी रोएँदार मखमल के कपड़े से कम नहीं है। रात में चंद्र का प्रकाश मातृभूमि को पवित्र ओस रूपी जलकणों से सींचता रहता है और दिन में सूर्य उदय होकर अंधकार को मिटा देता है।

सुरभित, सुंदर ………………………………………. नाम यथार्थ हैं।
मातृभूमि पर सुगंधित, सुंदर व सुखद सुमन खिलते हैं और अलग-अलग प्रकार के रसीले व अमृत के समान मीठे फल उगते हैं। यहाँ पर एक से एक निराली व अदभुत औषधियाँ उपलब्ध हैं। मातृभूमि पर धातु एवं श्रेष्ठ रत्नों की खानें हैं। सभी भारतवासियों को जिन-जिन पदार्थों एवं वस्तुओं की आवश्यकता होती है वे सारे पदार्थ एवं वस्तुएँ यहाँ पर विपुल मात्रा में उपलब्ध हैं। इसलिए मातृभूमि को वंसुधा-धरा’ कहा गया है। ये नाम उसके लिए पूरी तरह से उपयुक्त और सत्य भी है।

क्षमामयी …………………………………. तू प्राण है।
मातृभूमि क्षमामयी, दयामयी व सुखदायिनी है। वह अमृत, वात्सल्य व प्रेम से भरी हुई है। वह ऐश्वर्य देने वाली शक्ति हैं; वह विश्व का पालन करने वाली देवी है और सबका दुख हरने वाली दुखहर्ती है। वह भय का निवारण करती है शांति निर्माण करती है और सबके जीवन को सुख-समृद्धि से भर देती है। मातृभूमि शरणदायिनी देवी है अर्थात वह सभी को शरण देती है। वह सबको संकटों से मुक्ति दिलाती है सबकी रक्षा करने वाली हैं। हम सब इस मातृभूमि की संतान है। यह हम सबकी जननी है; यह हमारी नवचेतना है; यह हमारा प्राण है।

शब्दार्थ :

1. अंबर – आसमान
2. हरित – हरा
3. पट – वस्व
4. निशा मेखला – करधनी
5. सगुण – गुणयुक्त
6. सर्वेश – ईश्वरी
7. मुकुट – ताज
8. निर्मल – पवित्र, शुद्ध
9. खग – पक्षी
10. परिधान – वस्त्र, कपड़ा
11. रत्नाकर – सागर
12. पयोद – बादल, मेघ
13. सुचि – पवित्र, शुद्ध
14. सुधा शक – अमृत, जल
15. नीर – पानी
16. उत्तम – श्रेष्ठ
17. पवन – हवा
18. फर्श – धरातल
19. तम – अंधकार, अंधेरा
20. तरणि – सूर्य
21. खान – खदान
22. निराली – अनोखी
23. सुरभित – सुगंधित, सौरभित
24. वैभव – संपन्नता, बहुतायत
25. जननी – माता
26. विश्व – संसार

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Textbook Solutions दूसरी इकाई

• मातृभूमि Question Answer
• कलाकार Question Answer
• मुकदमा Question Answer
• दो गजलें Question Answer
• चार हाथ चाँदना (पठनार्थ) Question Answer
• अति सोहत स्याम जू Question Answer
• प्रकृति संवाद Question Answer
• ऐसा वसंत कब आएगा? Question Answer

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 1 तू बुद्धी दे Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 10th Marathi Aksharbharati Chapter 1 तू बुद्धी दे Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Std 10 Marathi Chapter 1 Question Answer

काव्यपरिचय

‘तू बुद्धी दे’ ही प्रार्थना कवी ‘गुरू ठाकूर’ यांनी लिहिली आहे. या प्रार्थनेत सन्मार्ग, सन्मती आणि सत्संगती यांचे महत्त्व कवीने दाखवून दिले आहे. कायम सत्याची कास धरून संवेदनशीलता जपण्यासाठी ताकद मिळावी, अनाथांचे नाथ होण्यास बळ मिळावे व या शाश्वत सौंदर्याचा ध्यास लागावा, ही भावना कवीने या प्रार्थनेतून व्यक्त केली आहे.

Tu Buddhi de’ is a prayer composed by Guru Thakur. It highlights the importance of the right path, good thoughts, and good company. The poet has prayed for truth and sensitivity. He suggests that one should have courage to be the saviour of orphans.

भावार्थ

तू बुद्धि दे तू तेज दे नवचेतना विश्वास दे
जे सत्य सुंदर सर्वथा आजन्म त्याचा ध्यास दे

नित्य पठणीय अशी ही प्रार्थना आहे. कवी सांगतात की, हे ईश्वरा, तू आम्हाला बुद्धी दे. तू नवविचारांचे तेज दे. आपल्यामध्ये नवचेतना जागवण्यास विश्वास दे. या धरतीवर जे सत्य, सुंदर आहे. जे अजरामर आहे, जे सर्व ठिकाणी भरून राहिलेले आहे त्या सर्वांचा ध्यास माझ्या मनात जीवनभर राहू दे. म्हणजेच जे सदैव सत्य, सुंदर आहे त्याचे माझ्याकडून व्यवस्थित पालन व्हावे. तसेच त्याचप्रकारच्या नवनिर्मितीचा ध्यास म्हणजे उत्कट इच्छा आजन्म माझ्या मनात राहू दे.

हरवले आभाळ ज्यांचे हो तयांचा सोबती,
सापडेना वाट ज्यांना हो तयांचा सारथी
साधना करिती तुझी जे नित्य तव सहवास दे

ज्यांचा कोणी पालनकर्ता नाही, ज्यांचा सांभाळ करणारे असे कोणी नाही, ज्यांना माया देणारे आभाळ नाही त्यांचा तू सोबती-सखा बन. त्यांना आश्रय देण्याचे काम तू कर. त्यांना मायेची सावली देण्याचे काम कर. जे जीवनाच्या वाटेवर प्रवास करताना भरकटलेले आहेत, ज्यांना जीवनाच्या सार्थकतेची वाट सापडत नाही त्यांचा तू सारथी बनून मार्ग दाखवण्याचे काम कर. तुझी जे साधना करतात, नित्य तुझी जे प्रार्थना करतात. त्यांना तू सतत तुझा सहवास दे. म्हणजेच तू नेहमीच त्यांच्या सोबत राहा.

जाणावया दुर्बलांचे दु:ख आणि वेदना
तेवत्या राहो सदा रंध्रातुनी संवेदना
धमन्यातल्या रुधिरास या खल भेदण्याची आस दे
सामर्थ्य या शब्दांस आणि अर्थ या जगण्यास दे

या जगात जे दुर्बल आहेत, त्यांचे दुःख आणि वेदना जाणून घेण्यासाठी माझ्या शरीरातील रंधा-रंध्रात सतत संवेदना तेवत ठेवण्याचे काम तू कर. माझ्या मधील संवेदना सतत जागृत ठेवण्याचे काम तू कर. दुःखितांचे दुःख दूर करण्याची आस माझ्या शरीरातील प्रत्येक धमन्यातून वाहणाऱ्या रक्तात असू दे. ही शब्दरूपी काव्य सुमने मी तुझ्यापुढे ठेवतो. त्या सर्व शब्दास आणि माझ्या संपूर्ण जगण्यास एक प्रकारचा अर्थ तू दे. जेणेकरून माझा जन्म दुर्बलांचे दु:ख दूर करण्यासाठी उपयोगी पडेल.

सन्मार्ग आणि सन्मती लाभो सदा सत्संगती
नीती ना ही भ्रष्ट हो जरी संकटे आली किती
पंखास या बळ दे नवे झेपावण्या आकाश दे

मला सतत चांगला मार्ग आणि चांगली बुद्धी लाभू दे. सतत चांगल्या, सज्जन माणसांची संगत मिळू दे. माझ्या जीवनात कितीही संकटे आली तरी मी माझ्या कर्तव्यापासून कधी दूर होणार नाही, अशी माझी नितीमत्ता राहू दे. माझे आचरण कधीही भ्रष्ट होऊ नये. जीवनरूपी वाटेवरून प्रवास पार करण्यासाठी या पंखांना तू बळ दे. कायम सत्याची कास धरून संवेदनशीलता जपण्यासाठी तसेच आकाशात झेपावण्यासाठी बळ दे. म्हणजेच सतत सौंदर्याचा ध्यास माझ्या मनात राहू दे आणि तो ध्यास पूर्ण करण्यासाठी नवे आकाश म्हणजेच आकाशाएवढ्या नव्या संध्या तू निर्माण कर, की ज्यामध्ये मी माझे कर्तृत्व दाखवू शकेन.

शब्दार्थ

तेज – उत्साह – (energy, vigour)
नव – नवीन – (new)
चेतना – उत्तेजन, प्रोत्साहन – (inspiration)
सर्वथा – सदैव, सर्व अर्थांनी –
आजन्म – आयुष्यभर, जन्मभर – (lifetime)
ध्यास – उत्कट इच्छा – (agreat longing)
तयांचा – त्यांचा – (to him)
सोबती – सखा, मित्र – (friend)
सापडेना – मिळेना – (not Found)
वाट – रस्ता, मार्ग – (way)
साधना – तपश्चर्या – (learring the hard way)
करिती – करतात – (todo)
नित्य – रोज – (daily)
तव – त्यांना – (to him)
जाणवाया – जाणून घेण्यासाठी – (to understand)
दुर्बल – ज्यांच्यात बल (शक्ती) नाही – (weak, feeble)
तेवत्या – तेवत (जळणे) – (to be lit)
सदा – सतत – (always)
संवेदना – सह वेदना – (sensation)
खल – दुष्ट – (wicked)
भेदणे – दूर करणे
आस – इच्छा, आवड – (a great longing)
सामर्थ्य – शक्ती – (power, strength)
सन्मार्ग – चांगला मार्ग – (true way)
सन्मती – चांगली बुद्धी – (good thoughts)
लाभो – मिळणे – (to get)
सत्संगती – चांगली संगत (सोबत) – (good company)
भ्रष्ट – वाईट – (polluted)
बळ – शक्ती – (power)
झेपावण्या – उडण्यासाठी – (to spring or leap)
सारथी – मार्गस रस्ता, दिशा दाखवणारा
रंध – त्वचेवरील अतिसूक्ष्म छिद्र – (pores)
धमन्या – संपूर्ण शरीरभर रक्त वाहून नेणाऱ्या नसा/नाडी – (veins)
रुधिर – रक्त – (blood)
नीती – सदाचाराचे नियम

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Pdf भाग-१

• तू बुद्धी दे Question Answer (प्रार्थना)
• संतवाणी अंकिला मी दास तुझा-संत नामदेव Question Answer
• संतवाणी योगी सर्वकाळ सुखदाता-संत एकनाथ Question Answer
• शाल Question Answer
• उपास Question Answer
• मोठे होत असलेल्या मुलांनो Question Answer … (स्थूलवाचन)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Civics Solutions Chapter 2 Preamble to the Constitution Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 7 Civics Chapter 2 Question Answer Preamble to the Constitution Maharashtra Board

Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Preamble to the Constitution Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Preamble to the Constitution Class 7 Questions And Answers

1. Find the following words in the grid:

Question 1.
A sense of ‘we-feeling’ and empathy towards fellow citizens
Answer:
Fraternity.

Question 2.
A system in which sovereign power is in the hands of the people
Answer:
Democracy.

Question 3.
Introduction to the Constitution
Answer:
Preamble.

Question 4.
A system in which all religions are considered equal
Answer:
Secular

2. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the provisions in a secular Constitution?
Answer:

• In a Secular State, all religions are considered as equal.
• No religion is considered to be the state religion. The citizens are free to follow their own religion.
• The state cannot discriminate among citizens on the basis of religion.

Question 2.
What is meant by adult franchise?
Answer:

• Adult franchise means all citizens completing 18 years of age have the right to vote in the elections.
• This enables equal participation of citizens in the running of our country.

Question 3.
What right does economic justice ensure?
Answer:
Economic justice ensures our right to a source of livelihood so as to look after oneself and one’s family.

Question 4.
How will human dignity be established in a society?
Answer:
When every individual respects another and honours their freedom and rights, dignity of the individual will be established.

3. How should we make use of our freedom ? Write your views about it.
Answer:

• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru has rightly said. ‘We have to assume the responsibility ourselves of what we do’.
• Freedom must be exercised with care, with a sense of responsibility.
• Our freedom and independence which we gained after innumerable sacrificies must be safeguarded.
• We should use the different freedoms endowed on us by our Constitution to bring out the best in us and build a better nation, a better world
• The future lies in our hands.

4. Explain the following concepts.

Question 1.
Socialist State
Answer:

• A Socialist State is such a State where the gap between the rich and the poor is minimum.
• All have a right over the wealth of the country.
• It is ensured that wealth is not concentrated in the hands of a few people.

Question 2.
Equality
Answer:
(i) The Preamble guarantees the Indian citizens equality of status and there will be no discrimination based on caste, creed, race, sex, place of birth, etc.

(ii) The guarantee of equality means that there should be no discrimination between people in terms of high-low, superior-inferior.

Question 3.
Sovereign State
Answer:
The word sovereign means that a state is not under the control of a foreign power. The most important goal of our freedom struggle was to acquire sovereignty. ‘Sovereignty’ means the ultimate authority to govern oneself. In a democracy, sovereignty rests with the people

Question 4.
Equality of opportunity.
Answer:
Equality means the state of being equal in status, rights or opportunities. Equality of status, and of opportunity means that all have equal human status and there will be no discrimination based on caste, creed, race, sex, place of birth, etc. All will get the opportunities for development without any discrimination.

5. Make a list of the key words in the Preamble. Look for their meanings in a dictionary. Prepare a chart in the following way:

Answer:

Activities:

1. Visit your Tehsil office with your teacher to understand how a vote is cast and how the electronic voting machine works.
2. Make a list of newspapers available in your locality.

Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Preamble to the Constitution InText Questions and Answers

Answer the following concepts:

Question 1.
Liberty
Answer:
(i) Liberty implies that there should be no coercive, unfair restrictions upon us and that ’ there should be an atmosphere conducive to the development of our inherent capacities.

(ii) In a democracy, citizens enjoy liberty. In fact, democracy becomes mature only if the citizens enjoy freedom.

Discuss:

Question 1.
Some statements regarding freedom have been given below for discussion. Express your views.
(a) While publicly celebrating our festivals, we need to follow some rules. That does not restrict our freedom,
(b) Freedom means behaving in a responsible way, not as per our whims and fancies.
Answer:
Yes, With freedom comes responsibilities. Rules should be followed while exercising freedom for a smooth life and to ensure that we work towards responsible citizenship.

Question 2.
Read what Deepa has written on the topic: “My Family’.
Answer:
Democracy does not only imply elections. My parents do all the household work together. We also participate in it. We ensure that we talk cordially with each other. Even if we happen to fight, we try to listen to each others views by stopping the fight as soon as possible. If any change has to be made, even the grandparents are consulted. Anuja wants to take up agricultural research as her career. Her decision was appreciated by everybody.

Question 3.
Do you think that Deepa’s house functions in a democratic way? Which features of democracy can be found in this passage.
Answer:
Yes. They function in a democratic way and the features of democracy displayed here are:

• Carrying out responsibilities collectively as a unit.
• Mutual respect.
• Honouring opinions which are not in line with our views.
• Consensus in decision making.
• Freedom of thought and expression.
• Freedom of occupation.

Activities:

Question 1.
Visit your Tehsil office with your teacher to understand how a vote is cast and how the electronic voting ntachine (EVM) works.
Answer:
The voting machines used in India are a combination of two components. First component is called the Balloting unit on which the voters press the button. The other part is called the Control unit. This unit gives supervising power to the polling officer stationed at the poll booth.

The two units are connected by a five-meter cable. The voter places his /her vote on the Balloting unit which is placed inside the Voting compartment.

An EVM runs on 6-volt batteries to eliminate the need of any external power source. It is designed to record 64 candidate names and 3,840 votes at the max. The 64 candidate names can be split across (a maximum of) 4 balloting units connected in parallel, with 16 candidate names on each of the unit.

Question 2.
Make a list of newspapers available in your locality.
Answer:

English News Papers:

• The Times of India
• Economic Times
• Financial Express
• Indian Express
• Mumbai Mirror
• Mid-day
• DNA (Daily News and Analysis)
• Business- Standard
• Hindustan Times
• Free Press Journal

Hindi News Papers (Including Urdu Daily):

• Hindi Mid-Day
• Tehalka News
• Navbharat Times
• Humara Mahanagar
• Aaj Ka Anand
• YashoBhoomi
• Dopahar
• Saamna
• Hindmata
• Mumbai Sandhya

Marathi News Papers:

• Loksatta
• Maharashtra Times
• Navshakti
• Navakal
• Vartahar
• Saamna (saamana)
• Sakai
• Sandesh
• Lokmat
• Divyabhaskar
• Mumbai Mitra
• Sandhyanand
• Punya Nagri
• Samrat

Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Preamble to the Constitution Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
The _______ to the Indian Constitution is called the ‘Preamble’. (Preface, Preview, Annexure)
Answer:
Preface

Question 2.
The Preamble sets out the ______ of our Constitution. (declaration, objectives, theme of the Articles)
Answer:
objectives

Question 3.
It talks about the resolve of the Indians to constitute India into a ‘Sovereign, Socialist, _______ Democratic Republic’. (Theocratic, Autocratic, Secular)
Answer:
Secular

Question 4.
Our country became independent on _______. (15th August 1947, 26th January 1950, 26th November 1949)
Answer:
15th August 1947

Question 5.
The word _______ means that a state is not under the control of a foreign power. (Sovereign, Secular, Socialist)
Answer:
Sovereign

Question 6.
A Socialist State is such a State where the gap between the rich and the poor ______. (is maximum, is minimum, does not exist)
Answer:
is minimum

Question 7.
In _________ State, all religions are considered equal and no religion is considered as a State religion. (secular, socialist, sovereign)
Answer:
secular

Question 8.
In a _______ the sovereign power is in thehands of the people. (democracy, autocracy, monarchy)
Answer:
democracy

Question 9.
Elections are conducted in India after a fixed period when voters elect their ______. (President, Vice-president, Representatives)
Answer:
Representatives

Question 10.
The Parliament or Legislature and the Executive take decisions for the entire population as per the procedure laid down by the ______.(High Court, Supreme Court, Constitution)
Answer:
Constitution

Question 11.
________ implies removal of injustice and ensuring that everybody has the opportunity for progress. (Liberty, Justice, Equality)
Answer:
Justice

Question 12.
________ ensures that as human beings all have the right to the same dignity and respect, the same status. (Political justice, Social justice, Economic justice)
Answer:
Social justice

Question 13.
Since we have adopted universal adult franchise, all citizens completing ________ years of age have the right to vote in the elections. (18, 20, 21)
Answer:
18

Question 14.
The liberty of belief, faith and worship implies ______ freedom. (economic, social, religious)
Answer:
religious

Question 15.
_____ implies a ‘we-feeling’ towards one another. (Fraternity, Empathy, Sympathy)
Answer:
Fraternity

Question 16.
________ implies equal respect to each (Human Rights, Equality, Dignity)
Answer:
Equality

Match the following:

Question 1.

(1) Sovereignty (2) Socialist State (3) Secular (4) Democratic

(a) Equal right over the wealth of the country. (b) No discrimination on the basis of religion. (c) Sovereign power is in the hands of the people. (d) Public positions elected by the people. (e) Ultimate authority to govern ownself.

Answer:
1 – e
2 – a
3 – b
4 – c

Name the following:

Question 1.
The fundamental and the highest law of the land which is an important document clarifying the rules of the administration.
Answer:
Constitution.

Question 2.
A systematic arrangement of all the aims and objectives of a law which is the preface to the Constitution.
Answer:
Preamble

Question 3.
The words with which the Preamble begins,
Answer:
’We, the people of India’.

Question 4.
The word that means that a State is not under the control of a foreign power.
Answer:
Sovereign

Question 5.
A state where the gap between the rich and poor is minimum.
Answer:
Socialist.

Question 6.
A state wherein all religions are considered equal.
Answer:
Secular state.

Question 7.
In this form of governance, the sovereign power is in the hands of the people.
Answer:
Democracy.

Question 8.
Institutions in India created by our Constitution.
Answer:

• Parliament
• Legislature
• Executive.

Question 9.
In this form of government, all positions are elected by the people and no public position is occupied on the basis of hereditary succession.
Answer:
Republic.

Question 10.
Three types of Justice talked of in the Constitution.
Answer:
Social Justice, Economic Justice, Political Justice.

Question 11.
This implies that there should be no coercive, unfair restrictions upon us and that there should be an atmosphere conducive to the development of our inherent capacities.
Answer:
Liberty

Question 12.
The most fundamental freedom of an individual.
Answer:
Freedom of Thought and Expression.

Question 13.
The liberty of belief, faith and worship implies this value.
Answer:
Religious freedom.

Question 14.
The goal which is included in the Constitution which implies a ‘we-feeling ‘ and feeling of empathy.
Answer:
Fraternity.

State whether the following statements are true or false with reason:

Question 1.
The Preamble begins with the mention that the people of India have given the Constitution to themselves.
Answer:
False : The Preamble begins with the words ‘We, the People of India’.

Question 2.
In a democracy, the sovereign power is in the hands of the people.
Answer:
True: Democracy is the Government of the people, by the people and for the people.

Question 3.
In a democracy, citizens enjoy liberty.
Answer:
True : In fact democracy becomes mature only if citizens enjoy liberty.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
The Preamble guarantees the Indian citizens equality of status and of opportunity. Explain.
Answer:

• It means that all have equal human status and there will be no discrimination based on caste, creed, race, sex, place of birth, high or low status or superior-inferior.
• The Preamble has given great importance to equality of opportunity as well.
• Each one gets the opportunities for development without discrimination.

Answer the following concepts:

Question 1.
Constitution and Preamble
Answer:

• Our Constitution is the fundamental and the highest law of the land.
• There are definite aims or purposes in making any law.
• Basic provisions in the law are made, after clarifying these objectives.
• A systematic arrangement of all the aims and objectives of a law is the Preface to the law.
• The Preface to the Indian Constitution is called the ‘Preamble’. The Preamble sets out the objectives of our Constitution.

Question 2.
Republic and how is it different from Monarchy.
Answer:

• Along with being a democracy, we are a Republic. All public positions in a Republic are elected by the people.
• No public position is occupied on the basis of hereditary succession.
• The position like the President, the Prime Minister, the Governor, the Chief Minister, the , Mayor, the Sarpanch, etc. are public positions.
• Any Indian citizen fulfilling the prescribed age criterion can get himself/herself elected to any of these positions.

Question 3.
Fraternity
Answer:

• Fraternity implies a ‘we-feeling’ towards one another.
• It creates a feeling of empathy.
• People become more understanding towards each other’s problems and needs.

Explain the terms:

Question 1.
Justice
Answer:

• Justice implies removal of injustice and ensuring that everybody has the opportunity for progress.
• Establishing justice is adopting such policies that will promote public good.

Question 2.
Social Justice
Answer:

• There should be no discrimination among individuals on the basis of caste, creed, race, language, region, place of birth or sex.
• As human beings, all have the right to the same dignity and respect, the same status.

Question 3.
Economic Justice
Answer:

• Poverty leads to the evils of hunger, hunger -deaths or malnourishment.
• If poverty is to be eradicated, everyone should have the right to a source of livelihood so as to look after oneself and one’s family.
• Our Constitution has given this right to every citizen without any discrimination.

Question 4.
Political Justice
Answer:

• We have adopted universal adult franchise to enable equal participation in the running of the country.
• Accordingly, all citizens completing 18 years of age have the right to vote in elections.

Give reason:

Question 1.
India is a sovereign state.
Answer:

• India was ruled by Britain for a long period.
• The British rule ended on 15th August, 1947. Our country became independent and India became sovereign i.e a state not under the control of a foreign power.

Question 2.
India is a secular state.
Answer:

• In India, all religions are considered as equal.
• No one religion is considered to be a state religion. The citizens are free to follow their own religion. So, India is a secular state.

Question 3.
Freedom of thought and expression is the most fundamental freedom for an individual.
Answer:

• Freedom of thought and expression is the most fundamental freedom for an individual.
• Everyone is free to express their own views and opinions. A give-and-take of ideas enhances the spirit of cooperation and unity amongst us.
• Similarly, it also enables us to understand the various dimensions of any problem.

Question 4.
Promotions of fraternity has been included in the Preamble as a goal.
Answer:

• The makers of the Constitution believed that merely guaranteeing justice, freedom and equality would not lead to establishing equality in Indian society.
• No amount of laws would help us achieve these goals if fraternity is lacking among Indians.
• Hence the promotion of fraternity has been included in the Preamble as a goal.

Question 5.
Fraternity is closely related with human dignity.
Answer:

• Human dignity implies equal respect to each individual as a human being. .
• It does not depend upon the criteria of caste, creed, race, sex, language, etc.
• Just as we would like to be treated with dignity and respect by others, we should treat others with the same dignity and respect.
• When every individual respects another and honours their freedom and rights, dignity of the individual will get established.
• This will also develop fraternity, a ‘we-feeling’ towards one another.

7th Std Civics Questions And Answers:

• Introduction to Our Constitution Class 7 Civics Questions And Answers
• Preamble to the Constitution Class 7 Civics Questions And Answers
• Features of the Constitution Class 7 Civics Questions And Answers
• Fundamental Rights Part 1 Class 7 Civics Questions And Answers
• Fundamental Rights Part 2 Class 7 Civics Questions And Answers
• Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties Class 7 Civics Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 1.3 Algebra 10th Class Maths Part 1 Answers Solutions Chapter 1 Linear Equations in Two Variables.

10th Standard Maths 1 Practice Set 1.3 Chapter 1 Linear Equations in Two Variables Textbook Answers Maharashtra Board

Class 10 Maths Part 1 Practice Set 1.3 Chapter 1 Linear Equations in Two Variables Questions With Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with correct number.
Solution:

Question 2.
Find the values of following determinants.

Solution:

Question 3.
Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer’s rule.
i. 3x – 4y = 10 ; 4x + 3y = 5
ii. 4x + 3y – 4 = 0 ; 6x = 8 – 5y
iii. x + 2y = -1 ; 2x – 3y = 12
iv. 6x – 4y = -12 ; 8x – 3y = -2
v. 4m + 6n = 54 ; 3m + 2n = 28
vi. 2x + 3y = 2 ; x – \(\frac { y }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
Solution:
i. The given simultaneous equations are 3x – 4y = 10 …(i)
4x + 3y = 5 …(ii)
Equations (i) and (ii) are in ax + by = c form.
Comparing the given equations with
a₁x + b₁y = c₁ and a₂x + b₂y = c₂, we get
a₁ = 3, b₁ = -4, c₁ = 10 and
a₂ = 4, b₂ = 3, c₂ = 5

∴ (x, y) = (2, -1) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations.

ii. The given simultaneous equations are
4x + 3y – 4 = 0
∴ 4x + 3y = 4 …(i)
6x = 8 – 5y
∴ 6x + 5y = 8 …(ii)
Equations (i) and (ii) are in ax + by = c form.
Comparing the given equations with
a₁x + b₁y = c₁ and a₂x + b₂y = c₂, we get
a₁ = 4, b₁ = 3, c₁ = 4 and
a₂ = 6, b₂ = 5, c₂ = 8

∴ (x, y) = (-2, 4) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations.

iii. The given simultaneous equations are
x + 2y = -1 …(i)
2x – 3y = 12 …(ii)
Equations (i) and (ii) are in ax + by = c form.
Comparing the given equations with
a₁x + b₁y = C₁ and a₂x + b₂y = c₂, we get
a₁ = 1, b₁ = 2, c₁ = -1 and
a₂ = 2, b₂ = -3, c₂ = 12

∴ (x, y) = (3, -2) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations.

iv. The given simultaneous equations are
6x – 4y = -12
∴ 3x – 2y = -6 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 2]
8x – 3y = -2 …(ii)
Equations (i) and (ii) are in ax + by = c form.
Comparing the given equations with
a₁x + b₁y = c₁ and a₂x + b₂y = c₂, we get
a₁ = 3, b₁ = -2, c₁ = -6 and
a₂ = 8, b₂ = -3, c₂ = -2

∴ (x, y) = (2, 6) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations.

v. The given simultaneous equations are
4m + 6n = 54
2m + 3n = 27 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 2]
3m + 2n = 28 …(ii)
Equations (i) and (ii) are in am + bn = c form.
Comparing the given equations with
a₁m + b₁n = c₁ and a₂m + b₂n = c₂, we get
a₁ = 2, b₁ = 3, c₁ = 27 and
a₂ = 3, b₂ = 2, c₂ = 28


∴ (m, n) = (6, 5) is the solution of the given simultaneous equations.

vi. The given simultaneous equations are
2x + 3y = 2 …(i)
x = \(\frac { y }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
∴ 2x – y = 1 …(ii) [Multiplying both sides by 2]
Equations (i) and (ii) are in ax + by = c form.
Comparing the given equations with
a₁x + b₁y = c₁ and a₂x + b₂y = c₂, we get
a₁ = 2, b₁ = 3, c₁ = 2 and
a₂ = 2, b₂ = -1, c₂ = 1

Question 1.
To solve the simultaneous equations by determinant method, fill in the blanks,
y + 2x – 19 = 0; 2x – 3y + 3 = 0 (Textbookpg.no. 14)
Solution:
Write the given equations in the form
ax + by = c.
2x + y = 19
2x – 3y = -3

Question 2.
Complete the following activity. (Textbook pg. no. 15)
Solution:

Question 3.
What is the nature of solution if D = 0? (Textbook pg. no. 16)
Solution:
If D = 0, i.e. a₁b₂ – b₁a₂ = 0, then the two simultaneous equations do not have a unique solution.
Examples:
i. 2x – 4y = 8 and x – 2y = 4
Here, a₁b₂ – b₁a₂ = (2)(-2) – (-4) (1)
= -4 + 4 = 0
Graphically, we can check that these two lines coincide and hence will have infinite solutions.

ii. 2x – y = -1 and 2x – y = -4
Here, a₁ b₂ – b₁ a₂ = (2)(-1) – (-1) (2)
= -2 + 2 = 0
Graphically, we can check that these two lines are parallel and hence they do not have a solution.

Question 4.
What can you say about lines if common solution is not possible? (Textbook pg. no. 16)
Answer:
If the common solution is not possible, then the lines will either coincide or will be parallel to each other.

Class 10 Maths Digest

• Practice Set 1.1 Class 10 Answers
• Practice Set 1.2 Class 10 Answers
• Practice Set 1.3 Class 10 Answers
• Practice Set 1.4 Class 10 Answers
• Practice Set 1.5 Class 10 Answers
• Problem Set 1. Class 10 Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 9.2 8th Std Maths Answers Solutions Chapter 9 Discount and Commission.

Discount and Commission Class 8 Maths Chapter 9 Practice Set 9.2 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Std 8 Maths Practice Set 9.2 Chapter 9 Solutions Answers

Question 1.
John sold books worth Rs 4500 for a publisher. For this he received 15% commission. Complete the following activity to find the total commission John obtained.
Solution:
Selling price of the books = Rs 4500
Rate of commission = 15%
Commission obtained = 15% of selling price
\(=\frac{[15]}{[100]} \times[4500]\)
= 15 × 45
∴ Commission obtained = 675 Rupees.
∴ The total commission obtained by John is Rs 675.

Question 2.
Rafique sold flowers worth Rs 15,000 by giving 4% commission to the agent. Find the commission he paid. Find the amount received by Rafique.
Solution:
Here, selling price of flowers = Rs 15,000,
Rate of commission = 4%
i. Commission = 4% of selling price
= \(\frac { 4 }{ 100 }\) × 15,000
= 4 x 150
∴ Commission = Rs 600

ii. Amount received by Rafique = selling price – commission
= 15,000 – 600
= Rs 14,400
∴ Rafique paid Rs 600 as commission and the amount received by him was Rs 14,400.

Question 3.
A farmer sold food grains for Rs 9200 through an agent. The rate of commission was 2%. How much amount did the agent get ?
Solution:
Here, selling price of food grains = Rs 9200,
Rate of commission = 2%
Commission = 2% of selling price
= \(\frac { 2 }{ 100 }\) × 9200
= 2 × 92
= Rs 184
∴ The agent got a commission of Rs 184.

Question 4.
Umatai purchased following items from a Khadi – Bhandar.
i. 3 sarees for Rs 560 each.
ii. 6 bottles of honey for Rs 90 each.
On the purchase, she received a rebate of 12%. How much total amount did Umatai pay?
Solution:
Here, number of sarees = 3,
Price of each saree = Rs 560
∴ Cost of 3 sarees = 560 × 3
= Rs 1680 …(i)
Also, number of honey bottles = 6,
Price of each bottle = Rs 90
∴ Cost of 6 honey bottles = 90 × 6
= Rs 540
Total amount of purchase
= cost of 3 sarees + cost of 6 honey bottles
= 1680 + 540 … [From (i) and (ii)]
= Rs 2220 …(iii)
Rate of rebate = 12%
Rebate = 12% of total amount of purchase
= \(\frac { 12 }{ 100 }\) × 2220
= 12 × 22.20
= Rs 266.40 ..(iv)
Amount paid by Umatai
= Total amount of purchase – Rebate
= 2,220 – 266.40 … [From (iii) and (iv)]
= Rs 1953.60
∴ The total amount paid by Umatai is Rs 1953.60.

Question 5.
Use the given information and fill in the boxes with suitable numbers.
Smt. Deepanjali purchased a house for Rs 7,50,000 from Smt. Leelaben through an agent. Agent has charged 2 % brokerage from both of them.
Solution:
i. Smt. Deepanjali paid 7,50,000 × \(\frac { 2 }{ 100 }\)
= 7,500 × 2 = Rs 15,000 brokerage for purchasing the house.

ii. Smt. Leelaben paid brokerage of Rs 15,000

iii. Total brokerage received by the agent is = 15,000 + 15,000 = Rs 30,000

iv. The cost of house Smt. Deepanjali paid is = 7,50,000 + 15,000 = Rs 7,65,000

v. The selling price of house for Smt.Leelaben is = 7,50,000 – 15,000
= Rs 7,35,000

Std 8 Maths Digest

• Practice Set 8.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 8.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 8.3 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 9.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 9.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 10.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 10.2 Class 8 Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 8.3 8th Std Maths Answers Solutions Chapter 8 Quadrilateral: Constructions and Types.

Quadrilateral: Constructions and Types Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Practice Set 8.3 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Std 8 Maths Practice Set 8.3 Chapter 8 Solutions Answers

Question 1.
Measures of opposite angles of a parallelogram are (3x – 2)° and (50 – x)°. Find the measure of its each angle.
Solution:
Let ₹PQRS be the parallelogram.
m∠Q = (3x – 2)° and m∠S = (50 – x)°

m∠Q = m∠S
…..(i)
[Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent]
∴ 3x – 2 = 50 – x
∴ 3x + x = 50 + 2
∴ 4x = 52
∴ x = \(\frac { 52 }{ 4 }\)
∴ x = 13
Now, m∠Q = (3x – 2)°
= (3 x 13 – 2)° = (39 – 2)° = 37°
∴ m∠S = m∠Q = 37° …[From(i)]
m∠P + m∠Q = 180°
….[Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary]
∴ m∠P + 37° = 180°
∴ m∠P = 180° – 37° = 143°
∴ m∠R = m∠P = 143°
…..[Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent]
∴ The measures of the angles of the parallelogram are 37°, 143°, 37° and 143°.

Question 2.
Referring the given figure of a parallelogram, write the answers of questions given below.
i. If l(WZ) = 4.5 cm, then l(XY) = ?
ii. If l(YZ) = 8.2 cm, then l(XW) = ?
iii. If l(OX) = 2.5 cm, then l(OZ) = ?
iv. If l(WO) = 3.3 cm, then l(WY) = ?
v. If m∠WZY = 120°, then m∠WXY = ? and m∠XWZ = ?

Solution:
i. l(WZ) = 4.5 cm … [Given]
l(X Y) = l(WZ) ….[Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congrument ]
∴ l(X Y) = 4.5cm

ii. l(YZ) = 8.2 cm …[Given]
l(XW) = l(YZ)
…[Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent]
∴ l(XW) = 8.2cm … [Given]

iii. l(OX) = 2.5 cm …[Given]
l(OZ) = l(OX)
….[Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other]
∴ l(OZ) = 2.5cm

iv. l(WO) = 3.3 cm … [Given]
l(WO) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) l(WY)
….[Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other]
∴ 3.3 = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) l(WY)
∴ 3.3 x 2 = l(WY)
∴ l(WY) = 6.6cm

v. m∠WZY =120° … [Given]
m∠WXY = m∠WZY
…..[Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congrument]
∴ m∠WXY = 120° …(i)
m∠XWZ + m∠WXY = 180°
….[Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary]
∴ m∠XWZ + 120° = 180° … [From (i)]
∴ m∠XWZ = 180°- 120°
∴ m∠XWZ = 60°

Question 3.
Construct a parallelogram ABCD such that l(BC) = 7 cm, m∠ABC = 40°, l(AB) = 3 cm
Solution:

Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
∴ l(AB) = l(CD) = 3cm
l(BC) = l(AD) = 7 cm

Question 4.
Ratio of consecutive angles of a quadrilateral is 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. Find the measure of its each angle. Write with reason, what type of a quadrilateral it is.
Solution:
Let ₹PQRS be the quadrilateral.
Ratio of consecutive angles of a quadrilateral is 1 : 2 : 3 : 4.
Let the common multiple be x.
∴m∠P = x°, m∠Q = 2x°, m∠R = 3x° and m∠S = 4x°
In ₹PQRS,
m∠P + m∠Q + m∠R + m∠S = 360°
…[Sum of the measures of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°]
∴x° + 2x° + 3x° + 4x° = 360°
∴10 x° = 360°
∴x° = \(\frac { 360 }{ 10 }\)
∴x° = 36°
∴m∠P = x° = 36°

m∠Q = 2x° = 2 × 36° = 72°
m∠R = 3x° = 3 × 36° = 108° and
m∠S = 4x° = 4 × 36° = 144°
∴The measures of the angles of the quadrilateral are 36°, 72°, 108°, 144°.
Here, m∠P + m∠S = 36° + 144° = 180°
Since, interior angles are supplementary,
∴side PQ || side SR
m∠P + m∠Q = 36° + 72° = 108° ≠ 180°
∴side PS is not parallel to side QR.
Since, one pair of opposite sides of the given quadrilateral is parallel.
∴The given quadrilateral is a trapezium.

Question 5.
Construct ₹BARC such that
l(BA) = l(BC) = 4.2 cm, l(AC) = 6.0 cm, l(AR) = l(CR) = 5.6 cm
Solution:

Question 6.
Construct ₹PQRS, such that l(PQ) = 3.5 cm, l(QR) = 5.6 cm, l(RS) = 3.5 cm, m∠Q = 110°, m∠R = 70°. If it is given that ₹PQRS is a parallelogram, which of the given information is unnecessary?
Solution:

1. Since, the opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
   ∴ Either l(PQ) or l(SR) is required.
2. To construct a parallelogram lengths of adjacent sides and measure of one angle is required.
   ∴ Either l(PQ) and m∠Q or l(SR) and m∠R is the unnecessary information given in the question.

Maharashtra Board Class 8 Maths Chapter 8 Quadrilateral: Constructions and Types Practice Set 8.3 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Draw a parallelogram PQRS. Take two rulers of different widths, place one ruler horizontally and draw lines along its edges. Now place the other ruler in slant position over the lines drawn and draw lines along its edges. We get a parallelogram. Draw the diagonals of it and name the point of intersection as T.

1. Measure the opposite angles of the parallelogram.
2. Measure the lengths of opposite sides.
3. Measure the lengths of diagonals.
4. Measure the lengths of parts of the diagonals made by point T. (Textbook pg. no. 47)

Solution:
[Students should attempt the above activities on their own.]

Question 2.
In the given figure of ₹ABCD, verify with a divider that seg AB ≅ seg CB and seg AD ≅ seg CD. Similarly measure ∠BAD and ∠BCD and verify that they are congruent. (Textbook pg. no. 48)

Solution:
[Students should attempt the above activities on their own.]

Std 8 Maths Digest

• Practice Set 8.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 8.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 8.3 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 9.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 9.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 10.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 10.2 Class 8 Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 7.3 8th Std Maths Answers Solutions Chapter 7 Variation.

Variation Class 8 Maths Chapter 7 Practice Set 7.3 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Std 8 Maths Practice Set 7.3 Chapter 7 Solutions Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following statements are of inverse variation?
i. Number of workers on a job and time taken by them to complete the job.
ii. Number of pipes of same size to fill a tank and the time taken by them to fill the tank.
iii. Petrol filled in the tank of a vehicle and its cost.
iv. Area of circle and its radius.
Solution:
i. Let, x represent number of workers on a job, and y represent time taken by workers to complete the job.
As the number of workers increases, the time required to complete the job decreases.
∴ \(x \propto \frac{1}{y}\)

ii. Let, n represent number of pipes of same size to fill a tank and t represent time taken by the pipes to fill the tank.
As the number of pipes increases, the time required to fill the tank decreases.
∴ \(\mathrm{n} \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{t}}\)

iii. Let, p represent the quantity of petrol filled in a tank and c represent the cost of the petrol.
As the quantity of petrol in the tank increases, its cost increases.
∴ p ∝ c

iv. Let, A represent the area of the circle and r represent its radius.
As the area of circle increases, its radius increases.
∴ A ∝ r
∴ Statements (i) and (ii) are examples of inverse variation.

Question 2.
If 15 workers can build a wall in 48 hours, how many workers will be required to do the same work in 30 hours?
Solution:
Let, n represent the number of workers building the wall and t represent the time required.
Since, the number of workers varies inversely with the time required to build the wall.
∴ \(\mathrm{n} \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{t}}\)
∴ \(\mathrm{n}=\mathrm{k} \times \frac{1}{\mathrm{t}}\)
where k is the constant of variation
∴ n × t = k …(i)
15 workers can build a wall in 48 hours,
i.e., when n = 15, t = 48
∴ Substituting n = 15 and t = 48 in (i), we get
n × t = k
∴ 15 × 48 = k
∴ k = 720
Substituting k = 720 in (i), we get
n × t = k
∴ n × t = 720 …(ii)
This is the equation of variation.
Now, we have to find number of workers required to do the same work in 30 hours.
i.e., when t = 30, n = ?
∴ Substituting t = 30 in (ii), we get
n × t = 720
∴ n × 30 = 720
∴ n = \(\frac { 720 }{ 30 }\)
∴ n = 24
∴ 24 workers will be required to build the wall in 30 hours.

Question 3.
120 bags of half litre milk can be filled by a machine within 3 minutes find the time to fill such 1800 bags?
Solution:
Let b represent the number of bags of half litre milk and t represent the time required to fill the bags.
Since, the number of bags and time required to fill the bags varies directly.
∴ b ∝ t
∴ b = kt …(i)
where k is the constant of variation.
Since, 120 bags can be filled in 3 minutes
i.e., when b = 120, t = 3
∴ Substituting b = 120 and t = 3 in (i), we get
b = kt
∴ 120 = k × 3
∴ k = \(\frac { 120 }{ 3 }\)
∴ k = 40
Substituting k = 40 in (i), we get
b = kt
∴ b = 40 t …(ii)
This is the equation of variation.
Now, we have to find time required to fill 1800 bags
∴ Substituting b = 1800 in (ii), we get
b = 40 t
∴ 1800 = 40 t
∴ t = \(\frac { 1800 }{ 40 }\)
∴ t = 45
∴ 1800 bags of half litre milk can be filled by the machine in 45 minutes.

Question 4.
A car with speed 60 km/hr takes 8 hours to travel some distance. What should be the increase in the speed if the same distance is
to be covered in \(7\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) hours?
Solution:
Let v represent the speed of car in km/hr and t represent the time required.
Since, speed of a car varies inversely as the time required to cover a distance.
∴ \(v \propto \frac{1}{t}\)
∴ \(\mathbf{v}=\mathbf{k} \times \frac{1}{\mathbf{t}}\)
where, k is the constant of variation.
∴ v × t = k …(i)
Since, a car with speed 60 km/hr takes 8 hours to travel some distance.
i.e., when v = 60, t = 8
∴ Substituting v = 60 and t = 8 in (i), we get
v × t = k
∴ 60 × 8 = t
∴ k = 480
Substituting k = 480 in (i), we get
v × t = k
∴ v × t = 480 …(ii)
This is the equation of variation.
Now, we have to find speed of car if the same distance is to be covered in \(7\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) hours.
i.e., when t = \(7\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) = 7.5 , v = ?
∴ Substituting, t = 7.5 in (ii), we get
v × t = 480
∴ v × 7.5 = 480
\(v=\frac{480}{7.5}=\frac{4800}{75}\)
∴ v = 64
The speed of vehicle should be 64 km/hr to cover the same distance in 7.5 hours.
∴ The increase in speed = 64 – 60
= 4km/hr
∴ The increase in speed of the car is 4 km/hr.

Std 8 Maths Digest

• Practice Set 6.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 6.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 6.3 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 6.4 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 7.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 7.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 7.3 Class 8 Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 7.2 8th Std Maths Answers Solutions Chapter 7 Variation.

Variation Class 8 Maths Chapter 7 Practice Set 7.2 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Std 8 Maths Practice Set 7.2 Chapter 7 Solutions Answers

Question 1.
The information about number of workers and number of days to complete a work is given in the following table. Complete the table.

Number of workers	30	20	__	10	__
Days	6	9	12		36

Solution:
Let, n represent the number of workers and d represent the number of days required to complete a work.
Since, number of workers and number of days to complete a work are in inverse poportion.
∴ \(\mathbf{n} \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{d}}\)
∴ \(\mathrm{n}=\mathrm{k} \times \frac{1}{\mathrm{d}}\)
where k is the constant of variation.
∴ n × d = k …(i)

i. When n = 30, d = 6
∴ Substituting n = 30 and d = 6 in (i), we get
n × d = k
∴ 30 × 6 = k
∴ k = 180
Substituting k = 180 in (i), we get
∴ n × d = k
∴ n × d = 180 …(ii)
This is the equation of variation

ii. When d = 12, n = 7
∴ Substituting d = 12 in (ii), we get
n × d = 180
∴ n × 12 = 180
∴ n = \(\frac { 180 }{ 12 }\)
∴ n = 15

iii. When n = 10, d = ?
∴ Substituting n = 10 in (ii), we get
n × d = 180
10 × d = 180
∴ d = \(\frac { 180 }{ 10 }\)
∴ d = 18

iv. When d = 36, n = ?
∴ Substituting d = 36 in (ii), we get
n × d = 180
∴ n × 36 = 180
∴ n = \(\frac { 180 }{ 36 }\)
∴ n = 5

Number of workers	30	20	15	10	5
Days	6	9	12	18	36

Question 2.
Find constant of variation and write equation of variation for every example given below:
i. \(p \propto \frac{1}{q}\) ; if p = 15 then q = 4.
ii. \(z \propto \frac{1}{w}\) ; when z = 2.5 then w = 24.
iii. \(s \propto \frac{1}{t^{2}}\) ; if s = 4 then t = 5.
iv. \(x \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\) ; if x = 15 then y = 9.
Solution:
i. \(p \propto \frac{1}{q}\) …[Given]
∴ p = k × \(\frac { 1 }{ q }\)
where, k is the constant of variation.
∴ p × q = k …(i)
When p = 15, q = 4
∴ Substituting p = 15 and q = 4 in (i), we get
p × q = k
∴ 15 × 4 = k
∴ k = 60
Substituting k = 60 in (i), we get
p × q = k
∴ p × q = 60
This is the equation of variation.
∴ The constant of variation is 60 and the equation of variation is pq = 60.

ii. \(z \propto \frac{1}{w}\) …[Given]
∴ z = k × \(\frac { 1 }{ w }\)
where, k is the constant of variation,
∴ z × w = k …(i)
When z = 2.5, w = 24
∴ Substituting z = 2.5 and w = 24 in (i), we get
z × w = k
∴ 2.5 × 24 = k
∴ k = 60
Substituting k = 60 in (i), we get
z × w = k
∴ z × w = 60
This is the equation of variation.
∴ The constant of variation is 60 and the equation of variation is zw = 60.

iii. \(s \propto \frac{1}{t^{2}}\) …[Given]
∴ \(s=k \times \frac{1}{t^{2}}\)
where, k is the constant of variation,
∴ s × t² = k …(i)
When s = 4, t = 5
∴ Substituting, s = 4 and t = 5 in (i), we get
s × t² = k
∴ 4 × (5)² = k
∴ k = 4 × 25
∴ k = 100
Substituting k = 100 in (i), we get
s × t² = k
∴ s × t² = 100
This is the equation of variation.
∴ The constant of variation is 100 and the equation of variation is st² = 100.

iv. \(x \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\) …[Given]
∴ \(x=\mathrm{k} \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\)
where, k is the constant of variation,
∴ x × √y = k …(i)
When x = 15, y = 9
∴ Substituting x = 15 and y = 9 in (i), we get
x × √y = k
∴ 15 × √9 = k
∴ k = 15 × 3
∴ k = 45
Substituting k = 45 in (i), we get
x × √y = k
∴ x × √y = 45 .
This is the equation of variation.
∴ The constant of variation is k = 45 and the equation of variation is x√y = 45.

Question 3.
The boxes are to be filled with apples in a heap. If 24 apples are put in a box then 27 boxes are needed. If 36 apples are filled in a box how many boxes will be needed?
Solution:
Let x represent the number of apples in each box and y represent the total number of boxes required.
The number of apples in each box are varying inversely with the total number of boxes.
∴ \(x \infty \frac{1}{y}\)
∴ \(x=k \times \frac{1}{y}\)
where, k is the constant of variation,
∴ x × y = k …(i)
If 24 apples are put in a box then 27 boxes are needed.
i.e., when x = 24, y = 27
∴ Substituting x = 24 and y = 27 in (i), we get
x × y = k
∴ 24 × 27 = k
∴ k = 648
Substituting k = 648 in (i), we get
x × y = k
∴ x × y = 648 …(ii)
This is the equation of variation.
Now, we have to find number of boxes needed
when, 36 apples are filled in each box.
i.e., when x = 36,y = ?
∴ Substituting x = 36 in (ii), we get
x × y = 648
∴ 36 × y = 648
∴ y = \(\frac { 648 }{ 36 }\)
∴ y = 18
∴ If 36 apples are filled in a box then 18 boxes are required.

Question 4.
Write the following statements using symbol of variation.

1. The wavelength of sound (l) and its frequency (f) are in inverse variation.
2. The intensity (I) of light varies inversely with the square of the distance (d) of a screen from the lamp.

Solution:

1. \(l \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{f}}\)
2. \(\mathrm{I} \propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{d}^{2}}\)

Question 5.
\(x \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\) and when x = 40 then y = 16. If x = 10, find y.
Solution:
\(x \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\)
∴ \(x=\mathrm{k} \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\)
where, k is the constant of variation.
∴ x × √y = k …(i)
When x = 40, y = 16
∴ Substituting x = 40 andy = 16 in (i), we get
x × √y = k
∴ 40 × √16 = k
∴ k = 40 × 4
∴ k = 160
Substituting k = 160 in (i), we get
x × √y = k
∴ x × √y = 160 …(ii)
This is the equation of variation.
When x = 10,y = ?
∴ Substituting, x = 10 in (ii), we get
x × √y = 160
∴ 10 × √y = 160
∴ √y = \(\frac { 160 }{ 10 }\)
∴ √y = 16
∴ y = 256 … [Squaring both sides]

Question 6.
x varies inversely as y, when x = 15 then y = 10, if x = 20, then y = ?
Solution:
Given that,
\(x \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\)
∴ \(x=\mathrm{k} \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\)
where, k is the constant of variation.
∴ x × y = k …(i)
When x = 15, y = 10
∴ Substituting, x = 15 and y = 10 in (i), we get
x × y = k
∴ 15 × 10 = k
∴ k = 150
Substituting, k = 150 in (i), we get
x × y = k
∴ x × y = 150 …(ii)
This is the equation of variation.
When x = 20, y = ?
∴ substituting x = 20 in (ii), we get
x × y = 150
∴ 20 × y = 150
∴ y = \(\frac { 150 }{ 20 }\)
∴ y = 7.5

Std 8 Maths Digest

• Practice Set 6.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 6.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 6.3 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 6.4 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 7.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 7.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 7.3 Class 8 Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 9.1 8th Std Maths Answers Solutions Chapter 9 Discount and Commission.

Discount and Commission Class 8 Maths Chapter 9 Practice Set 9.1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Std 8 Maths Practice Set 9.1 Chapter 9 Solutions Answers

8th Standard Maths Practice Set 9.1 Question 1. If marked price = Rs 1700, selling price = Rs 1540, then find the discount.
Solution:
Here, Marked price = Rs 1700,
selling price = Rs 1540
Selling price = Marked price – Discount
∴ 1540 = 1700 – Discount
∴ Discount = 1700 – 1540
= Rs 160
∴ The amount of discount is Rs 160.

Discount and Commission Practice Set 9.1 Question 2. If marked price Rs 990 and percentage of discount is 10, then find the selling price.
Solution:
Here, marked price = Rs 990,
discount = 10%
Let the percentage of discount be x
∴ x = 10%
i. Discount

= Rs 99

ii. Selling price = Marked price – Discount
= 990 – 99
= Rs 891
∴ The selling price is Rs 891.

Practice Set 9.1 Question 3. If selling price Rs 900, discount is 20%, then find the marked price.
Solution:
Here, selling price = Rs 900, discount = 20%
Let the marked price be Rs 100
Since, the discount given = 20%
∴ Amount of discount = Rs 20
∴ Selling price = 100 – 20 – Rs 80
Let actual marked price be Rs x
∴ For marked price of Rs x, selling price is Rs 900
\(\frac{80}{100}=\frac{900}{x}\)
∴ 80 × x = 100 × 900
∴ \(x=\frac{100 \times 900}{80}\)
∴ x = Rs 1125
∴ The marked price is Rs 1125.

Discount and Commission Std 8 Question 4. The marked price of the fan is Rs 3000. Shopkeeper gave 12% discount on it. Find the total discount and selling price of the fan.
Solution:
Here, Marked price = Rs 3000, discount = 12%
Let the percentage of discount be x.
∴ x = 12%
i. Discount

= 30 × 12
= Rs 360

ii. Selling price = Marked price – Discount
= 3000 – 360
= Rs 2640
∴ The total discount is Rs 360 and the selling price of the fan is Rs 2640.

Discount and Commission 8th Standard Question 5. The marked price of a mixer is Rs 2300. A customer purchased it for Rs 1955. Find percentage of discount offered to the customer.
Solution:
Here, marked price = Rs 2300,
selling price = Rs 1955
i. Selling price = Marked price – Discount
∴ 1955 = 2300 – Discount
∴ Discount = 2300 – 1955
= Rs 345

ii. Let the percentage of discount be x


∴ x = 15%
∴ The percentage of discount offered to the customer is 15%.

Question 6.
A shopkeeper gives 11% discount on a television set, hence the cost price of it is Rs 22,250. Then find the marked price of the television set.
Solution:
Here, selling price = Rs 22,250, discount = 11%
Let marked price be Rs 100
Since, the discount given = 11%
∴ Amount of discount = Rs 11
∴ Selling price = 100 – 11 = Rs 89
∴ Let actual marked price be Rs x
∴ For marked price of Rs x, selling price is Rs 22,250

∴ x = Rs 25,000
∴ The marked price of the television set is Rs 25,000.

8th Std Maths Discount and Commission Question 7. After offering discount of 10% on marked price, a customer gets total discount of Rs 17. To find the cost price for the customer, fill in the following boxes with appropriate numbers and complete the activity.
Solution:
Suppose, marked price of the item = 100 rupees Therefore, for customer that item costs 100 – 10 = 90 rupees.
Hence, when the discount is [10] then the selling price is [90] rupees.
Suppose when the discount is [17] rupees, the selling price is x rupees.

∴ The customer will get the item for Rs 153.

Question 8.
A shopkeeper decides to sell a certain item at a certain price. He tags the price on the item by increasing the decided price by 25%. While selling the item, he offers 20% discount. Find how many more or less percent he gets on the decided price.
Solution:
Here, price increase = 25%,
discount offered = 20%
Let the decided price be Rs 100
∴ Increase in price = Rs 25
∴ Shopkeeper marks the price = 100 + 25
= Rs 125
∴ marked price = Rs 125
Let the percentage of discount be x
∴ x = 20%

∴ Selling price = Marked price – Discount
= 125 – 25
= Rs 100
∴ If the decided price is Rs 100, then shopkeeper gets Rs 100.
∴ The shopkeeper gets neither more nor less than the decided price i.e. he gets 0% more / less.

Maharashtra Board Class 8 Maths Chapter 9 Discount and Commission Practice Set 9.1 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Write the appropriate numbers in the following boxes. (Textbook pg. no. 51)

1. \(\frac { 12 }{ 100 }=\) __ percent = __%
2. 47% = __
3. 86% = __
4. 4% of 300 = 300 × __ = __
5. 15% of 1700 = 1700 × __= __

Solution:

1. \(\frac { 12 }{ 100 }=\) 12 percent = 12%
2. 47% = \(\frac { 47 }{ 100 }\)
3. 86% = \(\frac { 86 }{ 100 }\)
4. 4% of 300 = 300 × \(\frac { 4 }{ 100 }\) = 12
5. 15% of 1700 = 1700 × \(\frac { 15 }{ 100 }\) = 255

Question 2.
You may have seen advertisements like ‘Monsoon Sale’, ‘Stock Clearance Sale’ etc offering different discount. In such a sale, a discount is offered on various goods. Generally in the month of July, sales of clothes are declared. Find and discuss the purpose of such sales. (Textbook pg. no. 51)
Solution:
(Students should attempt the above activity on their own)

Maharashtra Board Class 8 Maths Solutions

Std 8 Maths Digest

• Practice Set 8.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 8.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 8.3 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 9.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 9.2 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 10.1 Class 8 Answers
• Practice Set 10.2 Class 8 Answers