Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Amod Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

Sanskrit Amod Std 10 Digest Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यासः

श्लोकः 1

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
का गुरूणां गुरुः ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
विद्या गुरूणां गुरुः।

प्रश्न आ.
किं राजसु न पूज्यते ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
धनं राजसु न पूज्यते।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

प्रश्न इ.
कः पशुः एव ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
विद्याविहीन : पशुः एव।

2. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
‘विद्या नाम नरस्य’ . . . इति श्लोकाधारण विद्यायाः महत्त्वं लिखत ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सूक्ति म्हणजे चांगल्या उक्ती. सूक्तिसुधा अशा नीतिपर उक्तींचा संग्रह आहे. ‘विद्याविहीनः पशुः’ ही सूक्ति ज्ञानाचे महत्त्व विशद करते. विद्या नाना भोग (समाधान) प्राप्त करून देणारी आहे. तसेच ती यश व आनंदही प्राप्त करून देणारी आहे. विद्या हे संरक्षिलेले गुप्त धन आहे. परदेशातही विद्या बंधुसम असते. राजसभेतही विद्यावान व्यक्तीचा सन्मान केला जातो. विद्येमुळे माणसाला ज्ञानाचे तेज प्राप्त होते व त्याचे सौंदर्य वाढते.

ज्ञानामुळे सर्व उद्दिष्टे साध्य होऊ शकतात, ‘किं किं न साधयति कल्पकतेव विद्या’ या उक्तीप्रमाणे विद्या कल्पकतेप्रमाणे सर्व इच्छांची पूर्ती करते. म्हणूनच ज्ञानहीन मनुष्यास पशूच मानले जाते.

सूक्तिs are good sayings. सूक्तिसुधा is a collection of all such value-based quotations. The सूक्ति ‘विद्याविहीनः पशुः’ ellobarates the importance of knowledge.

Knowledge alone gives enjoyment, happiness and fame to a person. It is the preceptor of all preceptors. Hence, knowledge is precious wealth. It is well-guarded and concealed wealth.

It enhances the beauty of a person. Knowledge is considered to be relative while travelling in foreign country. It is said to be supreme deity. Even royal courts admire knowledgeable people.

A man who is devoid of knowledge / learning, is said to be an animal; as knowledge helps achieving all ends. It is rightly said, “किं किं न साधयति कल्पलतेब विद्या’ – what does not knowledge achieve like wish yielding-creeper.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

3. जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 1
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 2

श्लोक: 2.

1. मञ्जूषात: उचितं शब्दं चित्वा तालिकां पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
मञ्जूषात: उचितं शब्दं चित्वा तालिकां पूरयत ।
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 3
(निन्दन्तु, गच्छतु, युगान्तरे, मरणम्, लक्ष्मी:, स्तुवन्तु ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

नीतिनिपुणाः निन्दन्तु स्तुवन्तु वा
लक्ष्मीः समाविशतु गच्छतु वा
मरणम् अद्यैव युगान्तरे वा

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न अ.
मरणमस्तु ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मरणमस्तु – मरणम् + अस्तु।

प्रश्न आ.
अद्यैव ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अद्यैव – अद्य + एव।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

3. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
“न्याय्यात्पथः प्रविचलन्ति पदं न धीराः । इति सूक्तिं स्पष्टीकुरुत।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सूक्ति म्हणजे चांगल्या उक्ती. सूक्तिसुधा अशा नीतिपर उक्तींचा संग्रह आहे. विद्याविटेन: पशुः हो सूक्ति ज्ञानाचे महत्व विशद करते. धैर्यवान लोकांमध्ये दृढनिश्चय ही स्थायी व विशेष गुण आहे. असे लोक स्थिर बुद्धीचे असतात. व ते स्वत:ला ध्येयापासून टू देत नाहीत ते त्याच मार्गाचा अवलंब करतात, व हवे ते परिणाम प्राप्त करून घेतात. ‘न्याय्यात्पथः प्रविचलन्ति पदं न धीराः’ ही सूक्ति हे विशद करते.

नीतिमध्ये कुशल लोक निंदानालस्ती करो वा प्रशंसा करोत, लक्ष्मी तिच्या इच्छेप्रमाणे येवो अथवा जावो, आजच मरण येवो वा युगान्त झाल्यावर (दुसऱ्या युगात / भरपूर काळ लोटल्यावर) येवो, (तरीही) धैर्यवान लोक न्याय्यमार्गावरून आपले पाऊल ढळू देत नाहीत (ते न्याय्यमार्ग सोडत नाहीत).

सूक्तिs are good sayings. सूक्तिसुधा is a collection of all such value-based.quotations. Resolute people have distinct quality of firmness. They are of stable intelellect and do not deviate their minds from their aim. They follow the path of justice, till they achieve fruitful results.

The सूक्ति ‘न्याय्यात्पथः प्रविचलन्ति पदं न धीराः’ says that experts/skilled people may praise or criticise courageous people; may goddess Laxmi assist them by pleasing on them or not; may they have to face death instantly or after long time; passing through all circumstances, resolute ones follow the justice path, achieve fruitful results and enlighten other’s lives too.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

4. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
‘क्रियासिद्धिः सत्त्वे भवति’ इति सूर्यस्य उदाहरणेन स्पष्टीकुरुत ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सुभाषितांचा संदर्भ लक्षात घेऊन सूक्तींचा अर्थ जाणून घेतल्यास नैतिकदृष्ट्या श्रेष्ठ व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकसित केले जाऊ शकते. ‘क्रियासिद्धिः सत्त्वे भवति,’ हे सुभाषित सूर्याच्या उदाहरणाने महान लोकांचे आंतरिक सामर्थ्य दर्शविते. सूर्य दररोज, सापांनी नियंत्रित सात घोडे जोडलेल्या, एकच चाक असलेल्या रथातून, निराधार मार्गावरुन पायाने विकलांग अशा सारधीबरोबर अनंत अशा आकाशाच्या शेवटापर्यंत जातो.

(जसे) महान लोकांच्या कार्याची पूर्तता त्यांच्यातील सत्त्वाने (सामर्थ्याने) होते. इतर साधनांनी) नाही. सूर्य सर्व बाजूंनी प्रतिकूल गोष्टींनी वेढला असला तरी आकाशाच्या अंतापर्यंत पोहोचतो. महान लोकही सर्वतोपरी प्रतिकूल गोष्टींचा सामना करत कार्य पूर्णत्वास नेतात.

One can cultivate a strong and morally superior character by understanding the meaning of a good saying with reference to the given सुभाषित. “क्रियासिद्धिः सत्त्वे भवति,’ is a सुभाषित that explains the power of great people with the example of the sun Even with a single wheel to the chariot of seven horses controlled by the bridle of a snake, a supportless (difficult) path and a lame charioteer, the Sun surely reaches the end of the unending sky everyday.

The success of great people is in their spirit (valour) and does not depend on the means. The sun though surrounded by all unfavourable conditions succeeds in reaching last end of the sky. In the same way, great people though suffer due to unfavourable condition, accomplish the task.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोक: 3.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
शुकसारिका: केन बध्यन्ते ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
आत्मन: मुखदोषेण शुकसारिकाः बध्यन्ते।

प्रश्न आ.
के न बध्यन्ते ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
बका: न बध्यन्ते।

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
बकास्तत्र
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
बकास्तत्र – बकाः + तत्र।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

प्रश्न आ.
आत्मनो मुखदोषेण
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
आत्मनो मुखदोषेण – आत्मनः + मुखदोषेण।

श्लोकः 4.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
रवे: रथस्य कति तुरगा: सन्ति ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
रवे: रथस्य सप्त तुरगाः सन्ति।

प्रश्न आ.
रवे: सारथिः कीदृशः अस्ति ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
रवे: सारथिः चरणविकलः अस्ति।

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न अ.
रथस्यैकम् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
रथस्यैकम् – रथस्य + एकम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

प्रश्न आ.
सारथिरपि ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सारथिरपि – सारथिः + अपि।

3. मञ्जूषात: शब्द चित्वा तालिकां पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 4
(मार्गः, सारथिः, एकम्, सप्त ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

निरालम्ब: मार्ग:
सप्त तुरगा:
चरणविकल: सारथि:
एकम् चक्रम्

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

4. जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 5
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 6

श्लोक: 5.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
का कार्यसाधिका भवति ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अल्पानां वस्तूनां संहतिः कार्यसाधिका भवति।

प्रश्न आ.
कै: मत्तदन्तिन: बध्यन्ते ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
आपन्न : तृणैः मत्तदन्तिन: बध्यन्ते।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न अ.
अल्पानामपि
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अल्पानामपि – अल्पानाम् + अपि।

प्रश्न आ.
तृणैर्गुणत्वमापनर्बध्यन्ते
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
तृणैर्गुणत्वमापनैर्बध्यन्ते – तृणैः + गुणत्वम् + आपनैः + बध्यन्ते।

3. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
‘संहतिः कार्यसाधिका’ इति सूक्तिं स्पष्टीकुरुत ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
संहतिः – एकता, ऐक्यम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोक: 6.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
साधवः किं न विस्मरन्ति ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
साधवः कृतम् उपकारं न विस्मरन्ति।

प्रश्न आ.
नारिकेलाः किं स्मरन्ति ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
नारिकेलाः प्रथमवयसि पीतम् अल्पं तोयं स्मरन्ति।

प्रश्न इ.
नारिकेलाः भारं कुत्र वहन्ति ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
नारिकेला: भारं शिरसि वहन्ति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

2. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
नारिकेला: नराणाम् उपकारं कथं स्मरन्ति ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सुभाषितांचा संदर्भ लक्षात घेऊन सूक्तींचा अर्थ जाणून घेतल्यास नैतिकदृष्ट्या श्रेष्ठ व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकसित केले जाऊ शकते. येथे कवीने सज्जन माणसांचा स्वभाव नारळाच्या झाडाच्या उदाहरणाने स्पष्ट केला आहे.

नारळाच्या झाडाला अधिक पाणी लागत नाही. लहानपणी दिलेले थोडेसे पाणी देखील झाड मोठे होण्यास/वाढण्यास मदत करते. झाडाचा वृक्ष झाल्यावर ते मोठमोठ्या नारळांचे ओझेही सांभाळते. त्या बदल्यात आजन्म माणसांना भरपूर गोड पाणी देते. यावरून सज्जनांच्या कृतज्ञतेच्या गुणावर प्रकाश टाकला आहे. सज्जन लोक कधीही दुसऱ्याने केलेले उपकार विसरत नाहीत व त्यांना शक्य असेल त्या सर्व मार्गांनी उपकाराची परतफेड करतात.

One can cultivate a strong and morally superior character by understanding the meaning of a good saying with reference to the given सुभाषित. Here, poet illustrates the nature of noble people through the example of a coconut tree.

Coconut tree does not need much water to grow. Even the little water given in the starting helps it to grow further. Once the plant turns into a big tree, it carries the burden of coconuts and gives abundant of sweet water for lifetime.

This highlights the nature of good people as they too never forget the help rendered by others and become helpful to others in all possible ways.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोक: 7.

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
नरः किं छिन्द्यात् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
नरः पटं छिन्द्यात्।

प्रश्न आ.
मनुजः किं भिन्द्यात् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मनुजः घटं भिन्द्यात्।

2. श्लोकात् लिङ्लकारस्य रूपाणि चित्वा लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
श्लोकात् लिङ्लकारस्य रूपाणि चित्वा लिखत ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
भिन्द्यात्, छिन्द्यात्, कुर्यात्, भवेत्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

3. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
‘येन केन प्रकारेण’ इति उक्तिं स्पष्टीकुरुत ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सूक्ति म्हणजे चांगल्या उक्ती. सूक्तिसुधा अशा नीतिपर उक्तींचा संग्रह आहे. येन केन प्रकारेण’ ही सूक्ति उपहासाने माणसाच्या प्रवृत्तीचे वर्णन करते.

या जगात मनुष्याने कोणत्याही मार्गाने प्रसिद्ध व्हावे. इतरांचे लक्ष वेधून घेण्यासाठी घडे फोडावेत, कपडे फाडावेत, गाढवावर बसावे, या कृती खरेतर हास्यास्पद आहेत, तरीसुद्धा प्रसिद्ध होण्यासाठी व्यक्तीने हे सर्व करावे.

सूक्तिs are good sayings. सूक्तिसुधा is a collection of all such value-based quotations. The सूक्ति ‘येन केन प्रकारेण describes human nature satirically.

In this world, a man should try to be famous by some way or the other. He should grab the attention of people by breaking pots, tearing clothes, riding a donkey such acts which are unusual and ridiculous. Yet, one should do it for the sake of popularity.

प्रश्न 2.
समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
विद्या, पशुः, धनम्, लक्ष्मी:, शुकः, तुरगः, नभः, रविः, संहतिः, दन्ती, तोयम्, शिरः, साधवः, पटम्, रासभः ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

  • विद्या – ज्ञानम्, बोधः ।
  • पशुः – प्राणी, तिर्यङ्, मृगः ।
  • धनम् – द्रव्यम, वित्तम्, स्थापतेयम्, रिक्थम्, ऋक्यम्, वसुः।
  • लक्ष्मीः . पद्मा, कमला, श्रीः, हरिप्रिया, पद्मालया।
  • शुकः – किङ्किरातः, कौरः।
  • तुरगः – अश्वः, घोटकः।
  • नभः – अन्तरिक्षम्, गगनम्, अनन्तम्, सुरवर्त्म, खम्।
  • रविः – भानुः, हंसः, सहस्रांशुः, तपनः, सविता।
  • दन्ती – हस्ती, करी, गजः, कुञ्जरः, वारणः ।
  • संहतिः – संघ
  • तोयम् – जलम्, नीरम्।
  • शिरः – मस्तकम्, मूर्धा।
  • साधवः – सज्जनाः।
  • पटम् – वस्त्रम्, वसनम् ।
  • रासभः – गर्दभः, खरः, धूमकर्णः ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

प्रश्न 3.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
विदेशः, प्रच्छन्नम्, निन्दन्तु, अल्पम्, उपकारः, साधवः, रोहणम् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

  • विदेशः × स्वदेशः।
  • प्रच्छन्नम् × प्रकाशितम्, प्रकटीकृतम्।
  • निन्दन्तु × स्तुवन्तु।
  • अल्पम् × बहु, भूरि, विपुलम्।
  • उपकार: × अपकारः।
  • साधवः × दुर्जनाः, दुष्टाः, खलाः।
  • रोहणम् × अवतरणम्, अवरोहणम्।

Sanskrit Amod Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा Additional Important Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम्।

(क) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
विद्या कीदृशं धनम् अस्ति?
उत्तरम् :
विद्या प्रच्छन्नगुप्तं धनम् अस्ति।

प्रश्न 2.
विद्या केषां गुरुः?
उत्तरम् :
विद्या गुरूणां गुरुः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

प्रश्न 3.
विदेशगमने कृते विद्या कीदृशं भाति ?
उत्तरम् :
विदेशगमने कृते विद्या बन्धुजन : इव भाति।

प्रश्न 4.
किं परं दैवतम्?
उत्तरम् :
विद्या परं दैवतम्।

प्रश्न 5.
धीराः कस्मात् न प्रविचलन्ति?
उत्तरम् :
धीरा: न्याय्यात् पथ: न प्रविचलन्ति।

प्रश्न 6.
न्याय्यात्पथ: के न विचलन्ति ?
उत्तरम् :
न्याय्यात्पथ: धीराः न विचलन्ति।

प्रश्न 7.
के निन्दन्तु स्तुवन्तु वा?
उत्तरम् :
नीतिनिपुणा: निन्दन्तु स्तुवन्तु वा।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

प्रश्न 8.
लक्ष्मी: कथं समाविशतु गच्छतु वा?
उत्तरम् :
लक्ष्मी: यथेष्टं समाविशतु गच्छतु वा।

प्रश्न 9.
किं सर्वार्थसाधनम्?
उत्तरम् :
मौनं सर्वार्थसाधनम्।

प्रश्न 10.
रविः प्रतिदिनं कुत्र याति?
उत्तरम् :
रविः प्रतिदिनं अपारस्य नभसः अन्तं याति।

प्रश्न 11.
महर्ता क्रियासिद्धिः कस्मिन् भवति?
उत्तरम् :
महतां क्रियासिद्धिः सत्त्वे भवति।

प्रश्न 12.
के तृणैर्गुणत्वमापनैः बध्यन्ते ?
उत्तरम् :
मतदन्तिन: तृणैर्गुणत्वमापन: बध्यन्ते।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

प्रश्न 13.
पुरुषः कथं प्रसिद्धः भवेत्?
उत्तरम् :
येन केन प्रकारेण पुरुष: प्रसिद्धः भवेत्।

शब्दज्ञानम्

(क) विशेषण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः ।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. प्रच्छन्नगुप्तम् धनम्
2. भोगकरी विद्या
3. यशःसुखकरी विद्या
4. परम् दैवतम्
5. सर्वार्थसाधनम् मौनम्
6. भुजगयमिता: तुरगा:
7. अपारस्य नभसः
8. अल्पानाम् वस्तूनाम्
9. संहतिः कार्यसाधिका
10. अल्पम् तोयम्
11. कृतम् उपकारम्
12. प्रसिद्धः पुरुषः

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

(ख) विभक्त्यन्तपदानि।

  • प्रथमा – विद्या, गुरुः, यशः, बन्धुजनः, पशुः ।
  • षष्ठी – नरस्य, गुरूणाम्।
  • सप्तमी – विदेशगमने, राजसु।
  • तृतीया – दोषेण।
  • षष्ठी – आत्मनः
  • प्रथमा – संहतिः, कार्यसाधिका, दन्तिनः।
  • तृतीया – तृणैः, आपनैः।
  • षष्ठी – अल्पानाम्, वस्तूनाम्।

पृथक्करणम्

पद्यांशं पठित्वा जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत।

1.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 7

2.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 8

3.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा 9

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः

  • नरः – मनुष्यः, मानवः, मानुषः, मर्त्यः, मनुजः।
  • यशः – ख्यातिः, कीर्तिः, प्रसिद्धिः।
  • गुरुः – आचार्यः, अध्यापकः, उपाध्यायः।
  • बन्धुजनः – बान्धवः।
  • राजसु – पार्थिवेषु, नृपेषु, भूपेषु।
  • निपुणः – कुशलः, प्रवीणः, पारङ्गतः।
  • स्तुवन्तु – प्रशंसन्तु।
  • यथेष्टम् – यथेच्छम्।
  • मरणम् – मृत्युः ।
  • पन्थाः – वर्त्म, सरणिः, मार्गः।
  • धीरः – धैर्यवान्, धैर्यशीलः।
  • आत्मनः – स्वस्य।
  • मुखम् – तुण्डम, वदनम्, आननम्।
  • दोषः – प्रमादः।
  • बकः – मरुवकः, सर्पभुक्।
  • अल्पम् – स्वल्पम्।
  • तृणम् – घासः, यवसम्, कुशः, शष्पम्, अर्जुनम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

(ख) विरुद्धार्थकशब्दाः

  1. गुप्तम् × अनावृतम्।
  2. विद्याविहीन: × ज्ञानयुक्तम्।
  3. गच्छतु × आगच्छतु।
  4. मरणम् × जनिः, जन्म, जनुः।
  5. दोषः × गुणः।
  6. बध्यन्ते × मुच्यन्ते।
  7. मौनम् × भाषितम्।
  8. संहतिः × भिन्नता, भेदः ।

(क) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

  • प्रश्थमा – निपुणाः, लक्ष्मीः, धीराः।
  • द्वितीया – मरणम्, पदम्।
  • पन्चमी – न्याय्यात्, पथः।
  • सप्तमी – युगान्तरे।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

समासाः

समस्तपदम् अर्थ: समासविग्रहः समासनाम
विद्याविहीनः devoid of knowledge विद्यया विहीनः। तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास
नीतिनिपुणाः experts in ethics नीत्यां/नीतिषु निपुणाः। सप्तमी तत्पुरुष समास
यथेष्टम् as per/according to wish इष्टम् अनुसृत्य /अनतिक्रम्य। अव्ययीभाव समास
शुकसारिकाः parrots and mynas शुकाः च सारिका: च। इतरेतर द्वन्द्व समास
सर्वार्थसाधनम् mean/medium of achieving all ends सर्वार्थानां साधनम्। षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास
रासभरोहणम् ascending the donkey रासभं रोहणम्। द्वितीया तत्पुरुष समास
भुजगयमिताः controlled by a snake भुजगेन यमिताः। तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास
चरणविकल: lame with legs चरणेन / चरणाभ्यां विकलः। तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास
क्रियासिद्धिः accomplishment of the task क्रियायाः सिद्धिः। षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास

सूक्तिसुधा Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना :

“सूक्तयः नाम सुवचनानि।” सूक्ती म्हणजे चांगली उक्ती (बोलणे). संस्कृत भाषा अशा अनेक सुवचनांनी समृद्ध आहे. सुभाषितांचा संदर्भ लक्षात घेऊन सूक्तींचा अर्थ जाणून घेतल्यास नैतिकदृष्ट्या श्रेष्ठ व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकसित केले जाऊ शकते.

पुष्कळदा, अनेक संस्कृत सूक्ती इतर भारतीय भाषांमध्ये सुध्दा वापरलेल्या दिसून येतात. प्रत्यक्षात, अशा सूक्तींचे स्मरण केल्याने व्यक्तीची शब्दसंपदा वाढते व इतर भाषांवर प्रभुत्व निर्माण होते.

“सूक्तिः नाम शोभना उक्तिः ” means a good saying. Sanskrit language is enriched with such good sayings. One can cultivate a strong and morally superior character by understanding the meaning of a good saying with reference to the given सुभाषित.

Several Sanskrit sayings are often used in other Indian languages. In fact, remembering such sayings definitely enhances one’s ocabulary and command over languages.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोकः 1

विद्या नाम नरस्य रूपमधिकं प्रच्छन्नगुप्तं धनम्
विद्या भोगकरी यश:सुखकरी विद्या गुरूणां गुरुः।
विद्या बन्धुजनो विदेशगमने विद्या परं दैवतम्
विद्या राजमु पूज्यते न तु धनं विद्याविहीन: पशुः ।।1।। (वृत्तम् – शार्दूलविक्रीडितम्, स्रोत: – नीतिशतकम्)

सन्थिविग्रहः

  1. रूपमधिकम् – रूपम् + अधिकम्।
  2. बन्धुजनो विदेशगमने – बन्धुजन: + विदेशगमने।

अन्वय:- विद्या नाम नरस्य अधिकं रूपम्, प्रच्छन्नगुप्तं धनम्, विद्या भोगकरी यश:सुखकरी (च)। विद्या गुरूणां गुरुः । विदेशगमने विद्या बन्धुजनः ।
विद्या पर दैवतम्। विद्या राजसु पूज्यते न तु धनम्। विद्याविहीनः पशुः (एव)।

अनुवादः

मराठी विद्येमुळे मानवाचे सौंदर्य वाढते. विद्या हे संरक्षिलेले गुप्त धन आहे. विद्या नाना भोग (समाधान) प्राप्त करून देणारी आहे. (ती) यश व आनंद मिळवून देणारी आहे. विद्या गुरुंची गुरु आहे. परदेशी गेले असता विद्या ही बांधव असते. (बांधवाप्रमाणे उपयोगी पडते/सहाय्यभूत होते) विद्या सर्वश्रेष्ठ दैवत आहे. विद्या राजांमध्ये (राजसभांमध्ये) पूजनीय आहे; धन नाही. ज्याच्याजवळ विद्या नाही तो पशू(च) (समजावा).

English Knowledge enhances the beauty of man. It is secretly hidden treasure. Knowledge brings pleasure. It brings glory and comforts. Knowledge is the teacher of all teachers. Knowledge is kith and kin when going to a foreign land. Knowledge is a superior deity itself. Knowledge is worshipped amongst kings, not money. One without knowledge is a beast.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोकः 2

निन्दन्तु नीतिनिपुणा यदि वा स्तुवन्तु
लक्ष्मीः समाविशतु गच्छतु वा यथेष्टम्।
अद्यैव वा मरणमस्तु युगान्तरे वा
न्याय्यात्पथः प्रविचलन्ति पदं न धीराः।।2।। (वृत्तम् – वसन्ततिलका, स्रोत: – नीतिशतकम्)

सन्धिविग्रहः

  1. नीतिनिपुणा यदि – नीतिनिपुणाः + यदि।
  2. न्याय्यात्पथः – न्याय्यात् + पथ: ।

अन्वय:- यदि (अपि) नीतिनिपुणा: निन्दन्तु स्तुवन्तु वा, लक्ष्मी समाविशतु यथेष्ट गच्छतु वा, मरणम् अद्य एव अस्तु युगान्तरे वा, (तथापि) धीराः न्याय्यात् पथः पदं न प्रविचलन्ति।

अनुवादः

नीतिमध्ये कुशल लोक निंदानालस्ती करोत वा प्रशंसा करोत, लक्ष्मी तिच्या इच्छेप्रमाणे येवो अथवा जावो, आजच मरण येवो वा युगान्त झाल्यावर दुसऱ्या युगात / भरपूर काळ लोटल्यावर) येवो, (तरीही) धैर्यवान लोक न्याय्यमार्गावरून आपले पाऊल ढळू देत नाहीत (ते न्याय्यमार्ग सोडत नाहीत).

English Experts in ethics may insult or praise, wealth may come or go by itself, may there be death today or after many years; courageous ones never divert (take a step back) from the path of justice.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोकः 3

आत्मनो मुखदोषेण बध्यन्ते शुकसारिकाः।
बकास्तत्र न बध्यन्ते मौनं सर्वार्थसाधनम् ।।3।। (वृत्तम् – अनुष्टुप, स्रोत: – पञ्चतन्त्रम्)

अनुवादः

मराठी पोपट, साळुक्या (मैना) त्यांच्या स्वत:च्या तोंडाच्या दोषाने (बडबडीमुळे) अडकले जातात. (पण) बगळे (मात्र) अडकत नाहीत. (अशा प्रकारे) मौन पाळणे हे सर्व हेतू (गोष्टी) प्राप्त करण्याचे (मिळविण्याचे) साधन आहे.

English Parrots and mynas get trapped by fault of their own mouths (voices/sounds). Cranes do not get trapped. Silence is an instrument for obtaining all objects.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोक: 4

रथस्यैकं चक्रं भुजगयमिताः सप्त तुरगाः
निरालम्बो मार्गश्चरणविकल: सारथिरपि।
रविर्यात्येवान्तं प्रतिदिनमपारस्य नभसः
क्रियासिद्धिः सत्त्वे भवति महतां नोपकरणे।।4।। (वृत्तम् – शिखरिणी, स्रोतः – भोजप्रबन्धः)

सन्धिविग्रहः

  1. मार्गश्चरणविकलः – मार्गः + चरणविकलः।
  2. रवियत्येवान्तम् – रविः + याति + एव + अन्तम्।
  3. प्रतिदिनमपारस्य – प्रतिदिनम् + अपारस्य।
  4. नोपकरणे – न + उपकरणे।

अन्वयः- रथस्य एकं चक्रं, सप्त भुजगयमिता: तुरगाः, निरालम्ब: मार्गः, सारथिः अपि चरणविकलः, (तथापि) रविः प्रतिदिनम् अपारस्य नभसः अन्तं याति एव। महतां क्रियासिद्धिः सत्त्वे भवति, उपकरणे न (भवति)।

अनुवादः

सूर्य दररोज, सापांनी नियंत्रित सात घोडे जोडलेल्या, एकच चाक असलेल्या रथातून, निराधार मार्गावरून, पायाने विकलांग अशा सारथीबरोबर अनंत अशा आकाशाच्या शेवटापर्यंत जातो. (जसे) महान लोकांच्या कार्याचे यश त्यांच्यातील सत्त्वाने (सामध्यनि) होते. साधनांनी नाही.

Even with a single wheel to the chariot of seven horses controlled by the bridle of snake, a supportless (difficult) path and a lame charioteer, the sun surely reaches the end of the unending sky everyday. The success of great people is in their spirit (valour) and does not depend on the means.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोकः 5

अल्पानामपि वस्तूनां संहतिः कार्यसाधिका।
तृणैर्गुणत्वमापनष्यन्ते मत्तदन्तिनः।।4।। (वृत्तम् – अनुष्टुप, स्रोत: – हितोपदेशः।)

अनुवादः

लहानसहान वस्तूंचा संघ कार्य यशस्वी करतो (पूर्णत्वास नेतो). गवतापासून बनविलेल्या दोरखंडाने मत्त हत्ती (सुद्धा) नियंत्रित केले जातात.

Union of even small things accomplishes (big) tasks. Just as the intoxicated elephants are tied by a rope made of hay-sticks.

श्लोकः 6

प्रथमवयसि पीतं तोयमल्पं स्मरन्तः
शिरसि निहितभारा नारिकेला नराणाम्।
ददति जलमनल्पास्वादमाजीवितान्त।
न हि कृतमुपकारं साधवो विस्मरन्ति ।।6।। (वृत्तम् – मालिनी, स्रोत: – विक्रमचरितम्।)

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

सन्धिविग्रहः

  1. तोयमल्पम् – तोयम् + अल्पम्।
  2. कृतमुपकारम् – कृतम् + उपकारम्।
  3. साधवो विस्मरन्ति – साधवः + विस्मरन्ति।
  4. जलमनल्पास्वादमाजीवितान्तम् – जलम् + अनल्पास्वादम् + आजीवितान्तम्।
  5. निहितभारा नारिकेला नराणाम् – निहितभारा: + नारिकेला: + नराणाम्।

अन्वय:- प्रथमवयसि पीतम् अल्पं तोयं स्मरन्तः शिरसि निहितभारा: आजीवितान्तं नराणां (नरेभ्यः) अनल्पास्वाद जलं ददति। साधवः कृतम् उपकारं नहि विस्मरन्ति।

अनुवादः

नारळाचे झाड लहानपणी मिळालेले थोडे पाणी लक्षात ठेवून, नारळांचे ओझे डोक्यावर बाळगून माणसांना आजन्म भरपूर गोड पाणी देते. (जसे) दुसऱ्याने केलेले उपकार सज्जन लोक कधीही विसरत नाहीत. (त्याची अनेक पटीने परतफेड करतात.)

In memory of the little water consumed in early age (as a seedling), a coconut tree, bearing weight on its head throughout its life, gives sweet water abundantly to humans. The noble people never forget benevolence (help offered by others).

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

श्लोक: 7

घटं भिन्द्यात् पटं छिन्द्यात् कुर्याद्रासभरोहणम्।
येन केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्धः पुरुषो भवेत् ।।7।। (वृत्तम – अनुष्टुप, प्रकार: – हास्योक्तिः )

सन्धिविग्रहः

  1. कुर्याद्रासभरोहणम् – कुर्यात् + रासभरोहणम्।
  2. पुरुषो भवेत् . पुरुष: + भवेत्।

अन्वय:- पुरुषः घटं भिन्द्यात्, पटं छिन्द्यात, रासभरोहणं (अपि) कुर्यात्। येन केन प्रकारेण (स:) प्रसिद्धः भवेत्।

अनुवादः

घडा (भांडी) फोडावा, कपडे फाडावेत, गाढवावर (देखील) बसावे, पण काही तरी करून मनुष्याने प्रसिद्ध व्हावे.
One should break a pot, tear clothes and ride a donkey. By some way or the other (hook or crook), one should become popular.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 3 सूक्तिसुधा

शब्दार्थाः

  1. रूपमधिकम् – more than beauty – रूपाहून अधिक
  2. प्रच्छन्नगुप्तम् – secretly hidden – गुप्त/लपविलेले
  3. भोगकरी – brings pleasure – आनंद / समाधान प्राप्त करून देणारे
  4. सुखकरी – gives happiness – सुख देणारे
  5. गुरूणाम् – of preceptors – गुरूंचे
  6. बन्धुजनः – relative – नातेवाईक
  7. विदेशगमने – when travelled in foreign land परदेशी प्रवास केला असता
  8. परं दैवतम् – supreme deity – सर्वश्रेष्ठ दैवत
  9. राजसु – among kings – राजांमध्ये
  10. विद्याविहीन: – devoid of knowledge – विद्याहीन, ज्ञानहीन
  11. निन्दन्तु – may censure – निंदानालस्ती करो
  12. नीतिनिपुणाः – expert in ethics – नीतिमध्ये कुशल
  13. स्तुवन्तु – may praise – स्तुती करो
  14. समाविशतु – may come – येवो
  15. यथेष्टम् – as per will – स्वेच्छेने
  16. अद्यैव – today itself – आजच
  17. युगान्तरे – in another era – युगानंतर (दुसऱ्या युगात)
  18. न्याय्यात्पथ: – from the path of justice – न्याय्यमार्गावरून
  19. प्रविचलन्ति – deviate – ढळतात
  20. धीराः – courageous – धैर्यवान
  21. भुजगयमिता: – controlled by serpants – सापांनी नियंत्रित
  22. निरालम्बः – unsupported – निराधार
  23. चरणविकल: – lame by a leg – पायाने पंगु
  24. सारथिः – charioteer – सारथी
  25. अन्तं याति – goes to the end – शेवटपर्यंत जातो
  26. अपारस्य नभसः – of the endless sky – अनंत आकाशाच्या
  27. क्रियासिद्धिः – accomplishment of the task – कार्याची पूर्तता
  28. उपकरणे – on the means – साधनांवर
  29. प्रथमवयसि – in early age – लहानपणी
  30. तोयम् – water – पाणी
  31. निहितभाराः – bearing weight – वजन घेऊन
  32. आजीवितान्तम् – throughout life – संपूर्ण आयुष्यभर
  33. अनल्पास्वादम् abundant of sweet water – भरपूर प्रमाणात गोड पाणी
  34. उपकारम् – favour/benevolence – उपकार
  35. अल्पनाम – of small (insignificant) things – लहानसहान गोष्टींचा
  36. संहतिः – unity / union – संघ
  37. कार्यसाधिका – that which accomplishes the task – कार्य साधणारी
  38. गुणत्वम् – collection of a rope – दोरखंड
  39. तृणैः – by grasses – गवतापासून बनविलेले
  40. बध्यन्ते – can control – बांधले जातात/नियंत्रित केले जातात
  41. घटम् – a pot – घडा
  42. भिन्द्यात् – should break – फोडावा
  43. पटम् – a cloth – वस्त्र
  44. छिन्द्यात् – should tear – फाडावे
  45. रासभरोहणम् – should ride – गाढवावर बसावे
  46. कुर्यात् – adonkey
  47. येन केन प्रकारेप – by hook or crook – काहीतरी करून
  48. प्रसिद्धः भवेत् – should become famous – प्रसिद्ध व्हावे
  49. आत्मनः – own – स्वत:च्या
  50. मुखदोषेण’ – due to fault of mouths – तोंडाच्या दोषाने (आवाजामुळे)
  51. बध्यन्ते – caged/trapped – अडकले जातात
  52. शुकसारिकाः – parrots and mynas – पोपट व साळुक्या/मैना
  53. बकाः – cranes – बगळे
  54. मौनम् – silence – मौन
  55. सर्वार्थसाधनम् – instrument of achieving all purposes – सर्व हेतू प्राप्त करण्याचे साधन

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Amod Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

Sanskrit Amod Std 10 Digest Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यास:

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
अर्णवः पाकगृहात् किम् आनयति?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अर्णवः पाकगृहात् मुष्टिमात्रान् तण्डुलान् आनयति।

प्रश्न आ.
कः परमाणुः?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
द्रव्यस्य अन्तिम : घटक : मूलं तत्त्वं च परमाणुः ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न इ.
परमाणुसिद्धान्तः केन महर्षिणा कथितः?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
परमाणुसिद्धान्त: कणादमहर्षिणा कथितः ।

प्रश्न ई.
महर्षिणा कणादेन परमाणुविषये किं प्रतिपादितम् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
महर्षिणा कणादेन परमाणुविषये प्रतिपादितं यत् परमाणुः अतीन्द्रियः, सूक्ष्मः, निरवयवः, नित्यः, स्वयं व्यावर्तकः च ।

प्रश्न उ.
महर्षेः कणादस्य मतानुसारं परमाणोः व्याख्या का?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
जालसूर्यमरीचिस्थं यत् सूक्ष्म रजः दृश्यते तस्य षष्ठतमः भाग: स: परमाणु: उच्यते इति परमाणो: व्याख्या महर्षे: कपादस्य।

2. सूचनानुसार कृती: कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
अर्णवः जपाकुसुमं गृहीत्वा प्रविशति । (पूर्वकालवाचकम् अव्ययं निष्कासयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अर्णव: जपाकुसुमं गृह्णाति प्रविशति च ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न आ.
किं दृष्टं त्वया? (वाच्यपरिवर्तनं कुरुत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
त्वं किं दृष्टवान्।

प्रश्न इ.
वयं तु केवलं तस्य महाभागस्य नामधेयं जानीमः । (वाक्यम् एकवचने परिवर्तयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अहं तु केवलं तस्य महाभागस्य नामधेयं जानामि।

प्रश्न ई.
अहं विस्तरेण पठितुम् इच्छामि । (वाक्यं लङ्लकारे परिवर्तयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अहं विस्तरेण पठितुम् ऐच्छम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न उ.
महाविद्यालये कणादविषयकाणि पुस्तकानि सन्ति। (वाक्यम् एकवचने परिवर्तयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
महाविद्यालये कणादविषयक पुस्तकम् अस्ति।

प्रश्न ऊ.
भवान् स्वीकरोतु । (‘भवान्’ स्थाने ‘त्वं’ योजयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
त्वं स्वीकुरु।

प्रश्न ए.
त्वं द्रष्टुं शक्नोषि । (‘त्वं’ स्थाने ‘भवान्’ योजयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
भवान् तण्डुलान् आनयतु ।

प्रश्न ऐै.
महर्षिणा परमाणो: व्याख्या कृता । (वाच्यपरिवर्तनं कुरुत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
महर्षि : परमाणोः व्याख्यां कृतवान्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न ओ.
वयं महाभागस्य नामधेयं जानीमः । (वाच्यपरिवर्तनं कुरुत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अस्माभिः महाभागस्य नामधेयं ज्ञायते।

प्रश्न औ.
सम्यग् उक्तं त्वया । (वाच्यपरिवर्तनं कुरुत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
त्वं सम्यग् उक्तवान्।

3. जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत

प्रश्न 1.
जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः 1
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः 2

4. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
महर्षिः कणादः परमाणुविषये किं प्रतिपादितवान् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

भारतीय ऋषि व तत्वज्ञ कणाद यांनी परमाणूचा सिद्धांत मांडला. त्यानुसार, परमाणू हा द्रव्याचा अंतिम घटक आहे. व त्यामागील मूलतत्त्व आहे. परमाणू हे द्रव्याचे मूळ कारण आहे. परमाणूच्या स्वरूपाविषयी सांगताना कणाद पुढील स्पष्टीकरण देतात – परमाणू हा इंद्रियांना अगोचर, अतिशय सूक्ष्म, अवयवहीन, नित्य व स्वत:भोवती भ्रमणशील असा आहे.

थोडक्यात, कणाद ऋषी परमाणूचा सिद्धांत स्पष्ट करतात व विश्वाचे अस्तित्व टिकवून ठेवणाऱ्या प्रत्येक द्रव्यामागे ‘परमाणू हेच कारण असल्याचे मानतात.

The theory of atoms was formulated by an Indian sage and philosopher कणाद, Sage कणाद considered the last element of a substance and the basic principle as परमाणु, an atom. परमाणु is the chief cause of the substance. Sage कणाद further explained that परमाणु is inaccessible to the senses, very small (microscopic), formless, eternal and self-revolving.

In brief, sage कणाद believed in the theory of परमाणु and accepted it to be the cause of each substance, because of which the world exists.

प्रश्न आ.
‘तण्डुलान् आनय’ इति पिता अर्णवं किमर्थम् आदिष्टवान् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

स एव परमाणु:’ या पाठातील अर्णव व त्याच्या वडिलांच्या संभाषणाद्वारे परमाणूची संकल्पना स्पष्ट होते. एकदा अर्णव त्याच्या बागेतून जास्वंदाचे फूल आणतो. फुलातील परागकण बघत असताना अर्णवचे वडील त्याला सूक्ष्मदर्शिकेमधून ते कण पाहण्याचा सल्ला देतात. परागकणांतील इतर घटकही सूक्ष्मदर्शिकेतून सहज दिसल्यावर अर्णवला आश्चर्य वाटते.

तेव्हा त्याचे वडील ‘स एव त्याला विचारतात की ज्याप्रमाणे आपण सूक्ष्मदर्शिकतून परागकण पाहू शकतो, तसेच परमाणू सुद्धा पाहता येतो का? यानंतर अर्णव त्याच्या वडिलांना परमाणूबद्दल विचारतो. त्याच्या शंकेचे निरसन करण्यासाठी अर्णवचे वडील त्याला मूठभर तांदूळ आणावयास सांगतात.

त्यातील एक तांदळाचा दाणा जितका विभागला जाऊ शकतो, तितके त्याचे विभाजन करण्यास सांगतात. पुढे ‘परमाणू’ बद्दल स्पष्टीकरण देताना ते सांगतात की तांदूळ एका मर्यादपर्यंतच तोडला जाऊ शकतो, त्या विभाजनानंतर जो सूक्ष्म कण राहतो, तो म्हणजे परमाणू. अशा प्रकारे, तांदळाच्या उदाहरणाद्वारे अर्णवचे वडील त्याला परमाणूबद्दल योग्य ते ज्ञान देतात.

‘स एव परमाणुः’ reveals the philosophy behind the concept of परमाणु through the conversation between अर्णव and his father.

Once अर्णव brought a hibiscus-flower from his garden. He was observing its pollengrains, then his father advised him to observe it through microscope. was amazed to see the pollen-grain with its elements. After a while, father asked him, can we see परमाणू like pollen-grains through microscope? अर्णव questioned his father about 40. To answer his question, aura’s father instructed him to bring handful of rice-grains.

Later, father told अर्णव to break it till its last part. Father explained that just as rice. grains will be powdered if divided further likewise an atom is that part of the substance which can’t be obtained by division In this way, with the help of rice-grains example ama’s father aptly explains the concept of परमाणू.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

5. समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
कुसुमम्, विश्वम्, पिता, नामधेयम्, सूर्यः ।

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
कुसुमम्, विश्वम्, पिता, नामधेयम्, सूर्यः ।

6. विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् मञ्जूषात: अन्विष्य लिखत |
सत्यम्, अन्तिमः, अनित्यः, लघुः, सूक्ष्मः, (आद्यः, गुरुः, नित्यः, असत्यम्, स्थूल:)

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् मञ्जूषात: अन्विष्य लिखत |
सत्यम्, अन्तिमः, अनित्यः, लघुः, सूक्ष्मः, (आद्यः, गुरुः, नित्यः, असत्यम्, स्थूल:)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

  • सत्यम् × असत्यम्, अनृतम्।
  • अन्तिमः × आद्यः।
  • अनित्यः × नित्यः।
  • लघुः × बृहत्, स्थूलः।
  • सूक्ष्मः × स्थूलः।

7. उचितं पर्यायं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. एतद् विश्वं ………… निर्मितम् । (तण्डुलै:/अणुभिः)
आ. …………… द्रव्यस्य मूलकारणम् । (परमाणुः/विज्ञानं) ।
इ. रजसः ……….. भागः परमाणुः । (षष्ठतमः/शततमः)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अ. अणुभिः
आ. परमाणुः
इ. षष्ठतम

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

8. नामतालिकां पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
नामतालिकां पूरयत
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः 3
9. क्रियापदतालिकां पुरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
क्रियापदतालिकां पुरयत ।
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः 4

Sanskrit Amod Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः Additional Important Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम्

(क) उचितं पर्यायं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. अर्णवः उद्यानात् ……………. गृहीत्वा प्रविशति। (कमलम् / जपाकुसुमम्)
  2. जपाकुसुमस्य परागकणाः …………. आसन्। (सूक्ष्माः / स्थूला:)
  3. सूक्ष्मकणेषु तस्य …………. दृश्यन्ते। (अङ्गानि/गात्राणि)
  4. अर्णव: मुष्टिमात्रान् तण्डुलान् ……….. आनयति। (उद्यानत: / महानसत:)
  5. अणुभ्यः …………….. परमाणवः । (सूक्ष्मतराः / स्थूलतराः)

उत्तरम् :

  1. जपाकुसुमम्
  2. सूक्ष्मा:
  3. अगानि
  4. महानसतः
  5. सूक्ष्मतरा:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न 2.
पिता अर्णवाय स्वमहाविद्यालयम् आगन्तुं कथयति यतः …..।
(अ) पितु: महाविद्यालये कणादविषयकानि पुस्तकानि सन्ति।
(ब) पितुः महाविद्यालये स्नेह – सम्मेलनम् अस्ति।
उत्तरम् :
पितुः महाविद्यालये कणादविषयकानि पुस्तकानि सन्ति।

(ख) कः कं वदति?

प्रश्न 1.
1. अस्माकम् उद्यानात् जपाकुसुमम् आनीतम् मया।
2. किं दृष्टं त्वया?
उत्तरम् :
1. अर्णवः पितरं वदति।
2. पिता अर्णवं वदति।

प्रश्न 2.
मुष्टिमात्रान् तण्डुलान् महानसतः आनय।
उत्तरम् :
पिता अर्णवं वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न 3.
कियान् लघुः अस्ति एषः।
उत्तरम् :
अर्णव : पितरं वदति।

प्रश्न 4.
अयं खलु कणादमहर्षेः सिद्धान्तः।
उत्तरम् :
पिता अर्णवं वदति।

प्रश्न 5.
वयं तु केवलं महाभागस्य नामधेयम् एव जानीमः।
उत्तरम् :
अर्णवः पितरं वदति।

(ग) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
सूक्ष्मेक्षिका कुत्र वर्तते?
उत्तरम् :
अर्णवस्य पितु: पार्श्वे उत्पीठिकायां सूक्ष्मेक्षिका वर्तते।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न 2.
अर्णवेन कुत: जपाकुसुमम् आनीतम्?
उत्तरम् :
अर्णवेन तस्य उद्यानात् जपाकुसुमम् आनीतम्।

प्रश्न 3.
विश्व केभ्य: निर्मितम्?
उत्तरम् :
विश्वं परमाणुभ्यः निर्मितम्।

प्रश्न 4.
अणवस्य जिज्ञासा कश्वं शाम्येत्?
उत्तरम् :
कणादविषयकस्य नैकानि पुस्तकानि पठित्वा अर्णवस्य जिज्ञासा शाम्येत्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

(घ) वाक्यं पुनर्लिखित्वा सत्यम् । असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. एतद् विश्वम् अणुभ्यः निर्मितम्।
  2. परमाणवः सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया दृश्यन्ते।
  3. अर्णवस्य पिता चित्रकलायाः प्राध्यापकः।

उत्तरम् :

  1. सत्यम्।
  2. असत्यम्।
  3. असत्यम्।

प्रश्न 2.
1. अर्णवः क्षेत्रात् तण्डुलान् आनयति।
2. अर्णवेन तण्डुलस्य भागत्रयं कृतम्।
उत्तरम् :
1. असत्यम्।
2. असत्यम्।

(च)

प्रश्न 1.
एष: गद्यांश: कस्मात् पाठात् उद्धृतः?
उत्तरम् :
एष: गद्यांशः ‘स एव परमाणुः’ इति पाठात् उद्धतः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

शब्दज्ञानम् :

(क) सन्धिवग्रहः

1. उद्यानाद् जपाकुसुमम् – उद्यानात् + जपाकुसुमम्।
2. एतद् विश्वम् – एतत् + विश्वम्।

(ख) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्वा / ट्वा / ड्वा / इत्वा /अयित्वा तुमन्त अव्यय  धातु + तुम् / धुम् / टुम् / डुम् / इतुम्/अयितुम्
गृहीत्वा द्रष्टुम

(ग) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।.

  • तृतीया – मया, त्वया, सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया।
  • पज्ञमी – परमाणुभ्यः, उद्यानात्।
  • षष्ठी – तस्य, अस्माकम, तेषाम्, विज्ञानस्य, कणानाम्।
  • सप्तमी – पुस्तकपठने, उत्पीठिकायाम, सूक्ष्मकणेषु ।
  • सम्बोधन – पितः।

(घ) विशेषण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. कियन्तः, सूक्ष्माः परागकणाः
2. मग्नः पिता

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
1. सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया पश्य।
2. तेषां कणानां रचनाम् अपि द्रष्टुं शक्नोषि।
उत्तरम् :
1. लोट्लकारः
2. लट्लकार:

पृथक्करणम् ।

(क) घटकाधारेण शब्दपेटिकां पूरयत।
(सूक्ष्मकणस्य अङ्गानि, परागकणाः, जपाकुसुमम्)
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः 5

(ख)

  1. तथेति – तथा + इति।
  2. यथाकथमपि – यश्चाकश्चम् + अपि ।
  3. इतोऽपि – इत: + अपि।
  4. सम्यग् उक्तम् – सम्यक् + उक्तम्।
  5. एतद् विभाजनम् – एतत् + विभाजनम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

(ख) क्रमेण योजयत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. अणवस्य सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया निरीक्षणम्।
  2. पितुः पुस्तकपठनम्।
  3. सूक्ष्मकणेषु तेषाम् अङ्गानां दर्शनम्।
  4. अर्णवेन जपाकुसुमस्य चयनम्।

उत्तरम् :

  1. अर्णवेन जपाकुसुमस्य चयनम्।
  2. पितुः पुस्तकपठनम्।
  3. अर्णवस्य सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया निरीक्षणम्।
  4. सूक्ष्मकणेषु तेषाम् अङ्गानां दर्शनम्।

प्रश्न 2.

  1. पितुः परमाणुविषयकं स्पष्टीकरणम्।
  2. अर्णवस्य परमाणुविषये पृच्छा।
  3. अर्णवेन तण्डुलस्य भागद्वये विभाजनम्।
  4. मुष्टिमात्रान् तण्डुलान् आनेतुं पितुः आदेशः।

उत्तरम् :

  1. अर्णवस्य परमाणुविषये पृच्छा।
  2. मुष्टिमात्रान् तण्डुलान् आनेतुं पितुः आदेशः ।
  3. अर्णवेन तण्डुलस्य भागद्वये विभाजनम्।
  4. पितुः परमाणुविषयकं स्पष्टीकरणम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न 3.

  1. पितुः स्वस्य महाविद्यालये निमन्त्रणम्।
  2. ‘वैशेषिकसूत्राणि’ इति ग्रन्थविषये चर्चा।
  3. पित्रा कणादमहर्षेः सिद्धान्तविषये कथनम्।
  4. अर्णवस्य विस्तरेण पठनस्य इच्छा।

उत्तरम् :

  1. पित्रा कणादमहर्षेः सिद्धान्तविषये कथनम्।
  2. ‘वैशेषिकसूत्राणि’ इति ग्रन्थविषये चर्चा ।
  3. अर्णवस्य विस्तरेण पठनस्य इच्छा।
  4. पितुः स्वस्य महाविद्यालये निमन्त्रणम्।

(ख) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि ।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्या / वा / हवा / इत्वा / अयित्वा तुमन्त अव्यय धातु + तुम् / धुम् / दुम ढुम् / इतुम्/अयितुम्
उक्त्वा कर्तुम्

(ग) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

  • तृतीया – मया, त्वया।
  • पक्षमी – पाकगृहात, यस्मात्।
  • षष्ठी – एतस्य, तस्य।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

(घ) विशेषण – विशेष्य सम्बन्धः।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. मुष्टिमात्रान् तण्डुलान्
2. लघुतरम् भागम्
3. सूक्ष्मतराम भागम्
4. परमः अणुः

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
1. इमं तण्डुलं विभज।
2. यदि क्रियते तर्हि चूर्णं भवेत्।
उत्तरम् :
1. लोट्लकारः
2. विधिलिङ्लकार:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

(च) वाक्यं पुनर्लिखित्वा सत्यम् । असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. द्रव्यस्य आदिम: घटक; परमाणुः अस्ति।
  2. परमाणो: सिद्धान्तः प्राय: एकोनविंशतितमे शतके महर्षिकणादेन प्रतिपादितः।
  3. अर्णवस्य पितुः महाविद्यालये कणादविषयकाणि नैकानि पुस्तकानि सन्ति।

उत्तरम् :

  1. असत्यम्।
  2. असत्यम्।
  3. सत्यम्।

शब्दज्ञानम्।

(क) सन्धिविग्रहः।

  1. तदपि  – तत् + अपि।
  2. षष्ठतमो भागः – षष्ठतम : + भागः।
  3. स उच्यते – सः + उच्यते।
  4. एतद्विषये – एतत् + विषये।

(ख) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि।

तुमन्त अव्यय धातु + तुम् / धुम् / टुम् / डुम् / इतुम् / अयितुम्
पठितुम्

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

(ग) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

  • तृतीया – तेन, महर्षिणा, मुनिना, निश्चयेन।
  • षष्ठी – महर्षेः, द्रव्यस्य, तस्य, महाभागस्य, परमाणोः ।
  • सप्तमी – पञ्चमे, षष्ठे, शतके, ग्रन्थे।

(घ) विशेषण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः ।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. अन्तिमः घटकः
2. मूलम् तत्वम्
3. पञ्चमे, षष्ठे शतके
4. महर्षिणा कणादेन
5. अतीन्द्रियः परमाणुः
6. सूक्ष्मः परमाणुः
7. निरवयवः परमाणुः
8. नित्यः परमाणुः
9. स्वयं व्यावर्तकः परमाणुः
10. सूक्ष्मम् रज:
11. षष्ठतमः भागः
12. नैकानि पुस्तकानि

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. कणादविषयकाणि नैकानि पुस्तकानि सन्ति।
  2. वयं महाभागस्य नामधेयम् एव जानीमः।
  3. मम महाविद्यालयम् आगच्छ।

उत्तरम् :

  1. लट्लकारः
  2. लट्लकारः
  3. लोट्लकार:

(ग) त्वं स्थाने ‘भवान् / भवती’ अथवा ‘भवान् / भवती’ स्थाने ‘त्वं’ योजयत।

प्रश्न 1.
त्वं द्रष्टुं शक्नोषि।
उत्तरम् :
भवान् द्रष्टुं शक्नोति।

प्रश्न 2.
त्वं श्व: मम महाविद्यालयम् आगच्छ।
उत्तरम् :
भवान् श्व: मम महाविद्यालयम् आगच्छतु ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न 3.
त्वं सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया पश्य।
उत्तरम् :
भवान् सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया पश्यतु ।

प्रश्न 4.
त्वम् इमं तण्डुलं विभज।
उत्तरम् :
भवान् इमं तण्डुल विभजतु ।

प्रश्न 5.
त्वं जानासि किम्?
उत्तरम् :
भवान् जानाति किम्?

(घ) वचनं परिवर्तयत।

प्रश्न 1.
ते परमाणवः सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया अपि न दृश्यन्ते। (वाक्यं एकवचने परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
सः परमाणुः सूक्ष्मेक्षिकया अपि न दृश्यते ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न 2.
इमं तण्डुल विभज। (वाक्यं बहुवचने परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
इमान्/एनान् तण्डुलान् विभज।

प्रश्न 3.
कियन्तः सूक्ष्माः तस्य परागकणाः । (वाक्यं एकवचने परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
कियान् सूक्ष्म: तस्य परागकणः।

प्रश्न 4.
अहम् एतद्विषये विस्तरेण पठितुम् इच्छामि। (वाक्यं बहुवचने परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
वयम् एतद्विषये विस्तरेण पठितुम् इच्छामः।

(च) लकारं परिवर्तयत।

प्रश्न 1.
अर्णवः तथा करोति। (वाक्यं लङ्लकारे परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
अर्णवः तथा अकरोत्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

प्रश्न 2.
तव जिज्ञासा निश्चयेन शाम्येत्। (वाक्यं लोट्लकारे परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
तव जिज्ञासा निश्चयेन शाम्यतु।

समासाः

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः 6

स एव परमाणुः Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना :

जगाच्या उत्पत्तीबाबत आतापर्यंत अनेक सिद्धांत मांडले गेले आहेत. विश्व हे छोट्या कणांनी बनलेले आहे हा विचार अतिशय प्राचीन आहे. आण्विक सिद्धांताच्या विकासाचे श्रेय जॉन डाल्टन या इंग्रज रसायन व भौतिकशास्त्रज्ञास दिले जाते.

प्राचीन काळात, भारतीय ऋषी व तत्त्वज्ञ, आचार्य कणादांनी अणूचा सिद्धांत मांडला. त्यांच्या अणुविषयक संकल्पना व विश्वाचे स्वरूप याबाबत सखोल माहिती ‘वैशेषिक दर्शन’ या त्यांच्या ग्रंथात दिली आहे ‘स एव परमाणु:’ या पाठामध्ये अर्णवचे वडील सुबोध, सोप्या उदाहरणाने परमाणूची संकल्पना स्पष्ट करतात.

Many propositions regarding world’s evolution have been put forth to date. The world is made of tiny particles is a very ancient insight. John Dalton, an English chemist and physicist is the man credited today with the development of atomic theory.

In the ancient times, theory of atoms was formulated by an Indian sage and philosopher, कणाद. His ideas about the atom and the nature of the universe are written in his trentise ‘वैशेषिक दर्शन’. In the lesson, ‘स एव परमाणु: अर्णव’s father explains the concept of sty (atom) with lucid examples.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

परिच्छेदः 1

अर्णव: जपाकुसुम …………………. न दृश्यन्ते।

अनुवादः

(अर्णव जास्वंदाचे फूल घेऊन प्रवेश करतो. त्याचे वडील विज्ञानाचे प्राध्यापक आहेत. ते पुस्तक वाचण्यात तल्लीन झाले आहेत. त्यांच्या जवळच टेबलावर सूक्ष्मदर्शिका आहे.)

  • अर्णव – अहो बाबा, मी आपल्या बागेतून जास्वंदाचे फूल आणले आहे. त्याचे परागकण किती सूक्ष्म आहेत ना!
  • वडील – सूक्ष्मदर्शिकने पहा. तू त्याच्या कणांची रचनासुद्धा पाहू शकतोस. (अर्णव तसे करतो)
  • वडील – तू काय पाहिलेस?
  • अर्णव – बाबा, ते (अद्भुत) विलक्षण आहे. सूक्ष्मकणांमध्ये त्यांचे भाग दिसत आहेत.
  • बाबा – अर्णव, फुलाचे हे अंश तू सूक्ष्मदर्शिकेने पाहू शकतोस. पण हे जग अणूंनी निर्माण झाले आहे. ते अणू सूक्ष्मदर्शिकने सुद्धा दिसत नाहीत.

(अर्णव enters taking the hibiscus-flower. His father is a professor of science. He is engrossed in reading a book. Near him, there is a microscope on the table.)

  • Arnav: Oh father, I have brought a hibiscus flower from our garden. Its pollen-grains are indeed microscopic!
  • Father: Observe it through a microscope. You can see even the structure of its particles. (Arnav does accordingly.)
  • Father: What did you see (observe)?
  • Arnav: O father, it is amazing. The parts of these minute particles are seen.
  • Father: Arnav, you can see the parts of this flower through microscope. But this world is created from atoms. Those atoms are not seen even through the microscope.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

परिच्छेदः 2

अर्णवः परमाणुः ………….. परमः अणुः ।

अनुवादः

  • अर्णव – परमाणू म्हणजे काय?
  • बाबा – अच्छा, मी सांगतो. स्वयंपाकघरातून मूठभर तांदूळ आण.
  • अर्णव – (हो असे म्हणून, तो स्वयंपाकघरातून तांदूळ आणतो) बाबा, है घ्या.
  • बाबा – आता या तांदळाचे भाग कर.
  • अर्णव – बाबा, किती लहान (तांदूळ) आहे हा. बघा, मी कसेबसे याचे दोन तुकडे केले.
  • बाबा – इथून पुढे (याचे) लहान भाग करणे शक्य आहे का?
  • अर्णव – जर केले तर त्याची भुकटी होईल.
  • बाबा – तू बरोबर सांगितले. जिथे हे विभाजन संपते व जिथून सर्वात सूक्ष्म भाग मिळविणे (सुद्धा) शक्य नसते, तोच परमाणू होय.
  • Arnav: What is an atom?
  • Father: Well, I tell you. Bring a handful of rice
  • grains from the kitchen.
  • Arnav: (Saying yes, brings rice-grains from the kitchen.) O father, please take it.
  • Father: Now divide this rice grain.
  • Arnav: O father, how small is this! See, somehow I made it into two parts.
  • Father: Is it possible to make (even) smaller than this?
  • Arnav: If we do it (if it is done), it would be powdered.
  • Father: You said it right. Where this division ends from which no smaller part can be obtained, that itself is an atom.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

परिच्छेदः 3

अर्णवः परमाणुः ……….. परमः अणुः ।

अनुवादः

  • Arnav: An atom is the last element of a substance and the basic principle, isn’t it?
  • Father: Right. This is great sage कणाद’s theory. Do you know? The sage explained that an atom is the basic reason of the substance. That too, probably in the fifth-sixth century BC.
  • Arnav: O father, what all is told by sage regarding an atom? We merely know the name of the great one.
  • Father: The Sage कणाद explained-An atom is beyond senses, tiny, indivisible, eternal and self-revolving. He has given the definition of परमाणु in his book ‘वैशेषिकसूत्राणि.’
  • Arnav: What is that definition?
  • Father: An atom is the sixth part of the fine (micro) dust particle that is located in a beam of sun-rays entering through a grilled window
  • Arnav: I wish to know about it in detail.
  • Father: Good! (Then) You come to my college tomorrow. There are many books regarding US Definitely your curiosity would be pacified.
  • अर्णव – परमाणू हा द्रव्याचा अंतिम घटक व मूळतत्त्व आहे; हे खरे आहे ना?
  • बाबा – बरोबर, खरे तर, हा महर्षी कणादांचा सिद्धांत आहे; तुला माहीत आहे का? परमाणू हे द्रव्याचे मूळ कारण आहे असे प्रतिपादन महर्षीनी केले. ते सुद्धा, सुमारे ख्रिस्तपूर्व पाचव्या किंवा सहाव्या शतकात.
  • अर्णव – बाबा, परमाणूसंबंधी महर्षी कणादांनी काय काय सांगितले आहे? आम्हांला तर फक्त त्या महान व्यक्तीचे नावच माहीत आहे.
  • बाबा – कणाद ऋषींनी स्पष्ट केले (की) – अणू (हा) इंद्रियांच्या पलीकडे, सूक्ष्म, अवयवहीन, नित्य आणि स्वयंपरिभ्रमणशील आहे. ‘वैशेषिकसूत्राणि’ या त्यांच्या ग्रंथात त्यांनी परमाणूची व्याख्या केली आहे.
  • अर्णव – ती व्याख्या काय आहे?
  • बाबा – जाळीदार खिडकीतून येणाऱ्या सूर्यकिरणांतील सूक्ष्म धूलिकणाच्या साव्या भागाला परमाणू असे म्हटले जाते.
  • अर्णव – मला त्याबद्दल सविस्तर जाणून घ्यायची इच्छा आहे.
  • बाबा – छान! तू उद्या माझ्या महाविद्यालयात ये. तिथे कणादांविषयी अनेक पुस्तके आहेत. तुझी जिज्ञासा नक्कीच शमेल.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 5 स एव परमाणुः

शब्दार्थाः

  1. प्राध्यापक: – professor – महाविद्यालयातील शिक्षक
  2. मानः – engrossed – तल्लीन
  3. परमाणुः – atom – अणू
  4. जपाकुसुमम् – hibiscus-flower – जास्वंदाचे फूल
  5. सूक्ष्मेक्षिका – microscope – सूक्ष्मदर्शिका
  6. परागकणाः – pollen – grains – परागकण
  7. अङ्गानि – parts – भाग
  8. उत्पीठिकायाम् – on the table – टेबलावर
  9. गृहीत्वा – taking – घेऊन
  10. पश्चे – near – जवळ
  11. द्रष्टुं शक्नोषि – able to see – तू पाहू शकतोस
  12. कियान् – how much – किती
  13. चूर्णम् – powder – भुकटी
  14. सूक्ष्मतरम् – minuscule – सर्वात सूक्ष्म / लहान
  15. तण्डुलान् – rice-grains – तांदूळ
  16. मुष्टिमात्रान् – handful of – मूठभर
  17. महानसतः/ पाकगृहात् – from kitchen – स्वयंपाकघरातून
  18. समाप्यते – ends/stops – संपते / थांबते
  19. आनय – bring – आण
  20. विभज – split – भाग कर / विभाजन कर
  21. यथाकथमपि – somehow – कसेतरी
  22. इतोऽपि – than this – यापेक्षा
  23. सम्यक् – right – बरोबर
  24. सिद्धान्तः – proposition, theory – सिद्धांत
  25. निरवयवः – formless – अवयव नसलेला / अवयवहीन
  26. स्वयं व्यावर्तक: – self-revolving – स्वयं परिभ्रमणशील
  27. अतीन्द्रियः – beyond senses – इंद्रियांच्या पलीकडे
  28. षष्ठतमः – sixth – सहावा
  29. तत्वम् – basic principle – मूळतत्त्व
  30. जालसूर्य – located in a beam – झरोक्यातील
  31. मरीचिस्थम् – of the sun-ray from a grill – सूर्यकिरणात
  32. प्रतिपादितम् – explained, stated – स्पष्टीकरण दिले, मांडले
  33. रजः – dust particle – धूलिकण
  34. जिज्ञासा – curiosity – उत्सुकता
  35. द्रव्यस्य – of substance – द्रव्याचे
  36. शाम्येत् – would pacify – शमविली जाईल
  37. प्रायः – approximately – सुमारे
  38. श्चः – tomorrow – उद्या

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Amod Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम् Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

Sanskrit Amod Std 10 Digest Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम् Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यास:

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
सुदासः कः आसीत् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सुदास: उद्यानपाल: आसीत्।

प्रश्न आ.
पद्यं कदा व्यकसत्?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
पद्यं शिशिर-ऋतौ व्यकसत्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न इ.
पद्यं कीदृशम्?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
पद्मं व्योम्नि बालसूर्यबिम्बम् इव आसीत्।

प्रश्न ई.
पद्यं विक्रेतुं सुदासः कुत्र स्थितः?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
पा विक्रेतुं सुदास: राजसद्मनः पुरतः स्थितः।

प्रश्न उ.
श्रेष्ठी कमलार्थ कियत् मूल्यं दातुम् इच्छति?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
श्रेष्ठी कमलार्थ दश सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुम् इच्छति।

प्रश्न ऊ.
महात्मा कुत्र उपविष्टः आसीत् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
उद्याने वटवृक्षस्य अधस्तात् एकस्मिन् अश्मखण्डे महात्मा उपविष्टः आसीत्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

2. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
सुदासः किमर्थं कमल विक्रेतुं न इच्छति?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
‘अमूल्यं कमलम्’ ही कथा बौद्ध कथासाहित्यातून घेतलेली आहे. भगवान बुद्धांच्या अलौकिक शिकवणीचे या कथांमधून दर्शन घडते. कथेचे शीर्षक सदाचार आणि सत्संगतीचे महात्म्य योग्यप्रकारे सूचित करते. त्यातून मिळणारे समाधान व मनःशांती ही संपत्ती आणि भौतिक सुखांपेक्षा श्रेष्ठ तसेच मौल्यवान असते. ‘अमूल्यं कमलम्’ सुदास नावाचा एक माळी होता. एकदा त्याच्या तलावात हिवाळा असून सुद्धा एक सुंदर कमळ उमलले.

त्याने विचार केला की, ‘हा तर परमेश्वराचा महिमा आहे की, कडाक्याच्या थंडीत मला इतक्या सुंदर फुलाचा लाभ झाला.’ त्या ऋतूत कमळाचे फूल अभावाने फुलत असल्यामुळे त्याला वाटले, ते विकून आपल्याला चांगली किंमत मिळेल, तेव्हा ते फूल विकण्यासाठी तो राजवाड्यासमोर उभा राहिला.

एक श्रीमंत व्यापारी तिथे आला आणि भगवान सुगताच्या पूजेसाठी ते कमळ विकत घेण्याची इच्छा त्याने प्रकट केली. सुदास एक सुवर्णमुद्रा घेऊन ते फूल विकण्यास तयार झाला. तेवढ्यात दुसरा एक श्रीमंत व्यापारी, जो भगवान सुगतांच्या दर्शनासाठी चालला होता, तिथे उपस्थित झाला. तो त्या कमळासाठी दहा सुवर्णमुद्रा द्यायला तयार झाला. त्यावर पहिला व्यापारी शंभर सुवर्णमुद्रा देऊ लागला.

दोन्ही व्यापाऱ्यांमधील चढाओढ पाहून सुदासाने विचार केला, ‘हे दोघे ज्या व्यक्तीसाठी एवढ्या चढत्या दराने कमळ विकत घेऊ इच्छितात, तर ती व्यक्ती निश्चितच थोर असेल. तेच मला कमळाचे सर्वात जास्त मूल्य देतील.’ अशा विचाराने सुदासाने जाहीर केले की, तो कमळ विकू इच्छित नव्हता.

is a storyextracted from Buddhist legends that highlights the divine teachings of lord Buddha. The title rightly suggests that righteousness and a good company leading to contentment and peace of mind, is superior and priceless compared to money and worldly pleasures.

सुदास was a gardener. Once a beautiful lotus bloomed in his lake, in spite of being winter season. He thought, “It is greatness of the god that I am blessed to have the beautiful flower even during severe cold.” As lotuses were rare in that season, he thought he would earn good amount by selling it.

So he stood in front of the royal palace to sell the flower. A rich merchant came there and wished to buy that flower for worshipping lord सुगत. सुदास agreed to sell it for one gold coin. At the same time, another rich merchant, who was going to see lord arrived there and asked for the lotus. He was ready to pay ten gold coins for the same flower. Over that the first merchant raised the value to 100 gold coins.

Hearing the arguments between the two merchants, are thought, If these two are willing to buy the lotus for a person at such high value, then that person must be really very great. He would rather give me the highest price. Thus, he declared that he did not wish to sell the lotus.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न आ.
सुदासः सुगतचरणाभ्यां कमलं किमर्थं समर्पितवान् ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
‘अमूल्यं कमलम्’ ही कथा बौद्ध कथासाहित्यातून घेतलेली आहे. भगवान बुद्धांच्या अलौकिक शिकवणीचे या कथांमधून दर्शन घडते. कथेचे शीर्षक सदाचार आणि सत्संगतीचे महात्म्य योग्यप्रकारे सूचित करते. त्यातून मिळणारे समाधान व मनःशांती ही संपत्ती आणि भौतिक सुखांपेक्षा श्रेष्ठ तसेच मौल्यवान असते.

सुदासाने ठरवले की ते कमळ व्यापाऱ्यांना विकायचे नाही. त्याने विचार केला की, ज्याच्यासाठी सर्वाधिक मूल्य देऊन दोघे व्यापारी कमळ विकत घेऊ इच्छित होते, ती व्यक्ती सर्वात जास्त किंमत देईल. त्यामुळे जिथे भगवान बुद्ध राहत होते त्या उद्यानात सुदास गेला, भगवान वटवृक्षाखाली एका दगडावर बसलेले होते.

त्यांच्या चेहऱ्यावर विलक्षण तेज होते. केवळ सुगतांकडे बघता क्षणी सुदासाचे मन भक्तिरसाने भरुन गेले. त्याने स्वत:ला भगवानांच्या चरणी वाहून घेतले. कमळासाठी जे सर्वोच्च मूल्य घेण्याच्या उद्देशाने तो आला होता, ते कमळ त्याने निरिच्छवृत्तीने भगवानांच्या चरणी अर्पण केले.

भगवानांच्या केवळ दर्शनाने सुदास प्रचंड प्रभावित झाला होता. त्याच्या सगळ्या इच्छा-आकांक्षा संपुष्टात आल्या होत्या. त्यामुळे त्याने ते कमळ भक्तिपूर्ण मनाने भगवानांना अर्पण केले.

‘अमूल्यं कमलम्’ is a story extracted from Buddhist legends that highlights the divine teachings of lord Buddha. The title rightly suggests that righteousness and a good company leading to contentment and peace of mind, is superior and priceless compared to money and worldly pleasures.

सुदास decided not to sell the lotus to the merchants. Because he thought, for whom these two were willing to buy the lotus at highest rates, he would pay more than them. So सुदास reached the garden where lord बुद्ध was staying.

He was seated on a piece of rock below a banyan tree. His face was adorned with great lustre. He had great aura. Just by looking at him, सुदास’s mind was filled with devotion. He surrendered himself at the feet of lords and forgetting about the highest value for the lotus, he offered it at the feet of the lord.

Just by the sight of the lord, सुदास was highly influenced. He had no more desires now. So he offered the lotus to the lord with heartfelt devotion.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

3. क: कं वदति?

प्रश्न अ.
‘भद्र, भगवान् सुगतः सम्प्रत्येतस्मिन्नगरे वसति ।’
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सार्थवाहः सुदासं वदति।

प्रश्न आ.
‘अहं दश सुवर्णनाणकानि यच्छामि ।’
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
श्रेष्ठी सुदासं वदति।

प्रश्न इ.
‘एष महाभागः एकं सुवर्णनाणकम् एतस्यार्थे दातुमिच्छति ।’
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सुदासः श्रेष्ठिनं वदति।

प्रश्न ई.
‘वत्स, किमिच्छसि ?’
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
भगवान् गौतमबुद्धः सुदासं वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न उ.
‘नमो भगवते ।’
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सुदास: भगवन्तं गौतमबुद्ध वदति।

4. प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत।

प्रश्न अ.
सुगत एवाधिकतम मूल्यं मह्यं दद्यात् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सुगत एवाधिकतम मूल्यं कस्मै दद्यात्?

प्रश्न आ.
भगवत: वदनं धाम्ना राजते स्म ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
भगवत: वदनं केन राजते स्म?

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

5. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
कश्चिदुद्यानपालः
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
कश्चिदुद्यानपालः – कश्चित् + उद्यानपालः।

प्रश्न आ.
चरणयोरय॑म्
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
चरणयोरय॑म् – चरणयोः + अर्घ्यम्।

प्रश्न इ.
सोऽवदत्
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सोऽवदत् – स: + अवदत्।

प्रश्न ई.
इत्यब्रवीत् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
इत्यब्रवीत् भगवान् – इति + अब्रवीत् + भगवान् ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

6. समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
तडागः, नीरजम्, सार्थवाहः, अर्णवः, धनवान् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

  • तडागः – पद्माकरः, कासारः, सरः, सरसी, सरोवरः।
  • नौरजम् – पद्मम, सरसिजम, कमलम्, सहस्रपत्रम्, शतपत्रम्, कुशेशयम्।
  • सार्थवाहः – वणिक्, श्रेष्ठी।
  • अर्णवः – सागरः, रत्नाकरः, समुद्रः।
  • धनवान् – धनाढ्य, श्रीमान्, धनिकः, सधनः।

7. विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
विपुलम्, बहुमूल्यम्, क्रेतुम् ।।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

  • विपुलम् × अल्पम्।
  • बहुमूल्यम् × अल्पमूल्यम्।
  • क्रेतुम् × विक्रेतुम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

8. मेलनं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
मेलनं कुरुत।
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम् 1
उत्तरम्‌ :‌

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
विपुलम् धनम्
श्रीमान् सार्थवाहः
अनल्पेन धाम्ना
निरिच्छ: सुदासः
धनवान् श्रेष्ठी
अधिकतमम् मूल्यम्
प्रसादवर्षिभ्याम् लोचनाभ्याम्
हस्तस्थम् नीरजम्

9. अमरकोषात् शब्दं प्रयुज्य वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
नूनं स: सुगतः एव अधिकतम मूल्यं दद्यात् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
नूनं स: बुद्धः / सर्वज्ञः / धर्मराजः / तथागत: एव अधिकतम मूल्यं दद्यात्।

प्रश्न आ.
तडागे शिशिर-ऋतौ एकं पद्यं व्यकसत् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
तडागे शिशिर-ऋतौ एकं सहस्रपत्रं / कमलं / शतपत्रं / कुशेशयं व्यकसत्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न इ.
विपुलं धनं प्राप्नुयाम् ।
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
विपुलं द्रव्यं । वित्तं / स्थापतेयं / रिक्थं / ऋक्थं / वसुः प्राप्नुयाम्।

10. सूचनानुसारं कृती: कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
तयोः विवादं श्रुत्वा सुदासो व्यमृशत् । (पूर्वकालवाचक-त्वान्त-अव्ययं निष्कासयत।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
तयोः विवादम् अशृणोत् सुदासो व्यमृशत् च।

प्रश्न आ.
त्वं किम् इच्छसि ? (त्वम्’ इत्यस्य स्थाने ‘भवान्’ इति योजयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
भवान् किम् इच्छति?

प्रश्न इ.
मे आत्मा कृतार्थतां लभताम् । (लङ्लकारे वाक्यं परिवर्तयत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
लोट्लकारः

प्रश्न ई.
शिशिर-ऋतौ पद्यं व्यकसत् । (बहुवचने लिखत।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
शिशिर-ऋतौ पद्यानि व्यकसन्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न उ.
सुदासः सुगतचरणाभ्यां कमलं समर्पितवान् । (वाच्यपरिवर्तनं कुरुत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
सुदासेन सुगतचरणाभ्यां कमलं समर्पितम्।

प्रश्न ऊ.
अहं विपुलं धनं प्राप्नुयाम् । (लकारं लिखत ।)
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
विधिलिङ्लकार:

Sanskrit Amod Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम् Additional Important Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम् ।

(क) उचितं कारणं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
सुदास: राजसद्यनः पुरतः स्थितः यतः ”
(अ) सः सरसिजं विक्रेतुम् इच्छति स्म।
(ब) सः राजानं द्रष्टुम् इच्छति स्म।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) सः सरसिजं विक्रेतुम् इच्छति स्म।

प्रश्न 2.
सार्थवाहः सुदासाय शतसुवर्णनाणकानि दातुम् उद्युक्तः यतः
(अ) स सुदासस्य साहाय्य कर्तुम् इच्छति स्म।
(ब) सः सुदासात् कमलं क्रेतुम् इच्छति स्म।
उत्तरम् :
(ब) सः सुदासात् कमल क्रेतुम् इच्छति स्म।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 3.
सुदासः नीरजं सुगतचरणाभ्यां समर्पितवान् यत:
(अ) सुगतः सुदासाय अधिकं धनं यच्छति।
(ब) सुदासस्य मनसि भक्तिरस: अजायत।
उत्तरम् :
(ब) सुदासस्य मनसि भक्तिरसः अजायत।

प्रश्न 4.
सुदासेन कमलार्थ किमपि मूल्यं न स्वीकृतम् यतः
(अ) भगवतः चरणकमलस्पर्शेण एव तस्य आत्मा कृतार्थतां लभताम्।
(ब) श्रेष्ठी कमलार्थ बहुमूल्यम् अयच्छत्।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) भगवत: चरणकमलस्पर्शेण एव तस्य आत्मा कृतार्थतां लभताम्।

(ख) उचित पर्यायं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनलिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. आसीत् ……….. नाम कश्चिदुद्यानपाल:। (सुदासः / सुगत:)
  2. शिशिर-प्रती एक …………. व्यकसत्। (पद्यम्/जपाकुसुमम्)
  3. अहो महिमा …………..  (परमात्मनः / मानवस्य)
  4. स: तद् विक्रेतुं ………. पुरतः स्थितः। (देवालयस्य/राजसद्मनः)
  5. पूजार्थमिदं कमलम् ………… (विक्रीणे / अभ्यर्थये)
  6. अहं दश …………. यच्छामि। (रूप्यकाणि / सुवर्णनाणकानि)

उत्तरम् :

  1. सुदासः
  2. पढा
  3. परमात्मनः
  4. राजसदानः
  5. अभ्यर्थये
  6. सुवर्णनाणकानि

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 2.
1. महात्मा वटवृक्षस्य अवस्तात् समुपविष्टः आसीत्। (अश्मखण्डे/मृगाजिने)
2. सः हस्तस्थं भगवतः चरणयो: अयम् अकरोत्। (जपाकुसुमं/नीरज)
उत्तरम् :
1. अश्मखण्डे
2. नीरज

(ग) ककं वदति?

प्रश्न 1.
एकेन सुवर्णनाणकेन।
उत्तरम् :
सुदासः सार्थवाह वदति।

प्रश्न 2.
अहं शतं सुवर्णनाणकानि प्रयच्छामि।
उत्तरम् :
सार्थवाह: सुदासं वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 3.
नैतद् भो विक्रेतुमिच्छामि।
उत्तरम् :
सुदास : सार्थवाहश्रेष्ठिनौ वदति।

प्रश्न 4.
केवलं भगवत: चरणकमलस्पर्शेण आत्मा मे कृतार्थता लभताम्।
उत्तरम् :
सुदास: भगवन्तं गौतमबुद्ध वदति।

प्रश्न 5.
तथास्तु।
उत्तरम् :
भगवान् गौतमबुद्धः सुदासं वदति।

(घ) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
सुदास: किमर्थ राजसद्मनः पुरतः स्थितः?
उत्तरम् :
सुदासः पद्यं विक्रेतुं राजसद्मनः पुरतः स्थितः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 2.
एषः गद्यांश: कस्मात् पाठात् उद्धृतः?
उत्तरम् :
एषः गद्यांश: ‘अमूल्यं कमलम्’ इति पाठात् उद्धृतः।

प्रश्न 3.
सुदासः कुत्र प्राप्तः?
उत्तरम् :
यत्र भगवत: सुगतस्य निवास: तदुद्यानं सुदासः प्राप्तः।

प्रश्न 4.
भगवतः वदनं केन राजते स्म?
उत्तरम् :
भगवतः वदनम् अनल्पेन धाम्ना राजते स्म।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 5.
सुदासः केन कृतार्थतां लभताम्?
उत्तरम् :
सुदासः केवलं भगवतः चरणकमलस्पर्शेण कृतार्थतां लभताम्।

प्रश्न 6.
भगवतः सुगतस्य अन्यत् नाम किम्?
उत्तरम् :
भगवतः सुगतस्य अन्यत् नाम भगवान् गौतमबुद्धः आसीत्।

(च) वाक्यं पुनर्लिखित्वा सत्यम् / असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. सुदास: मालाकार: आसीत्।
  2. कमलस्य विकासेन तडाग: विभूषितः ।
  3. पद्मं हेमन्त-ऋतौ व्यकसत्।
  4. पद्यं विक्रेतुं स: देवालयस्य पुरतः स्थितः ।
  5. श्रेष्ठी कमलार्थं शतं सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुम् इच्छति।

उत्तरम् :

  1. सत्यम्।
  2. सत्यम्।
  3. असत्यम्।
  4. असत्यम्।
  5. असत्यम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 2.

  1. भगवतः सुगतस्य निवास: देवालये आसीत्।
  2. उद्याने आम्रवृक्षस्य अधस्तात् महात्मा उपविष्टः आसीत्।
  3. सुदासः हस्तस्थं सरसिज सुगतस्य चरणयोरय॑म् अकरोत्।
  4. सुगतः सुदासाय कमलार्थम् अधिकमूल्यं यच्छति।

उत्तरम् :

  1. असत्यम्।
  2. असत्यम्।
  3. सत्यम्।
  4. असत्यम्।

शब्दज्ञानम् :

(क) सन्धिविग्रहः।

  1. सुदासो नाम – सुदास: + नाम।
  2. सत्यपि – सति + अपि।
  3. शिशिरऋतावेकम् – शिशिरऋतौ + एकम्।
  4. व्योम्नीव – व्योनि+इव।
  5. सोऽचिन्तयत् – स: + अचिन्तयत्।
  6. यदेतादृशे – यत् + एतादृशे।
  7. काले तिशीते – काले + अतिशीते।
  8. विभूषितो में – विभूषितः + मे।
  9. तडाग एतस्य – तडाग: + एतस्य।
  10. विक्रीयाहम् – विक्रीय + अहम्।
  11. स तद् – स: + तद्।
  12. तेनैव – तेन + एव।
  13. सम्प्रत्येतस्मिन्नगरे – सम्प्रति + एतस्मिन् + नगरे।
  14. पूजार्थमिदम् – पूजार्थम् + इदम्।
  15. कमलमभ्यर्थये – कमलम् + अभ्यर्थये।
  16. तत्कियता – तत् + कियता।
  17. उद्यानपालोऽब्रवीत् – उद्यानपाल: + अब्रवीत्।
  18. स सार्थवाह: – सः + सार्थवाहः।
  19. यावत्तत् – यावत् + तत्।
  20. क्रेतुमिच्छति – क्रेतुम् + इच्छति।
  21. तावदेवापरो धनवान् – तावत् + एव + अपरः + धनवान्।
  22. उद्यानपालोऽबूत . उद्यानपाल: + अबूत।
  23. एव महाभाग एकम् – एष: + महाभागः + एकम्।
  24. एतस्यार्थे – एतस्य + अर्थे ।
  25. दातुमिच्छति – दातुम् + इच्छति।
  26. सार्थवाहोऽभणत् . सार्थवाहः + अभणत्।
  27. तयोर्विवादम् – तयोः + विवादम्।
  28. सुदासो व्यमृशत् – सुदास: + व्यमृशत्।
  29. कमलमेतत् – कमलम् + एतत्।
  30. क्रेतुमिच्छतः – केतुम् + इच्छतः।
  31. स सुगत एवाधिकतमम् – सः + सुगतः + एव + अधिकतमम्।
  32. स उद्यानपालस्तावभाषत – सः + उद्यानपाल: + वौ + अभाषत ।
  33. नैतद् – 1 + एतद्।
  34. भो विक्रेतुमिच्छामि – भो: + विक्रेतुम् + इच्छामि।
  35. सुदासस्तदुद्यानम् – सुदास: + तत् + उद्यानम्।
  36. वटवृक्षस्याधस्तादेकस्मिन्न – वटवृक्षस्य + अधस्तात् + श्मखण्डे एकस्मिन् + अश्मखण्डे।
  37. समुपविष्ट आसीत्स महात्मा – समुपविष्टः + आसीत् + सः+ महात्मा।
  38. भगवतो वदनम् – भगवतः + वदनम्।
  39. तदालोकयतः – तत् + आलोकयतः।
  40. भक्तिरसार्णव उदतिष्ठत् – भक्तिरसार्णवः+ उदतिष्ठत् ।
  41. स हस्तस्थम् – सः + हस्तस्थम्।
  42. नमो भगवते नमः + भगवते।
  43. स्मयमानमुखपद्मो भगवान् – स्मयमानमुखपा : + भगवान्।
  44. किमिच्छसि – किम् + इच्छसि।
  45. किमन्यत् – किम् + अन्यत्।
  46. तथास्तु – तथा + अस्तु।
  47. यत्तस्य – यत् + तस्य।
  48. दर्शनमात्रेणैव – दर्शनमात्रेण + एव।
  49. बहुमूल्यमपेक्षमाणः – बहुमूल्यम् + अपेक्षमाणः।
  50. सुदासस्तद्विस्मृत्य – सुदासः + तत् + विस्मृत्य।
  51. तत्कमलम् – तत् + कमलम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

(ख) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि।

1.

त्वान्न अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्या / ट्वा / वा / इत्वा अयित्वा ल्यबन्त अव्यय उपसर्ग + धातु + य / त्य तुमन्त अव्यय धातु + तुम् / धुम् / दुम् / दुम् इतुम् / अयितुम्
श्रुत्वा सशिन्त्य विक्रेतुम, क्रेतुम् दातुम्

2.

त्वान्न अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्या / ट्वा / वा / इत्वा अयित्वा तुमन्त अव्यय धातु + तुम् / धुम् / दुम् / दुम् इतुम् / अयितुम्
कृत्वा विस्मृत्य

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

(ग) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

1.

  • द्वितीया – एतत्, सरसिजम्, विपुलम्, धनम्, इदम, कमलम्, नीरजमूल्यम्, पृच्छन्तम्, तम्, श्रेष्ठिनम्, एकम, सुवर्णनाणकम्, सुवर्णनाणकानि, विवादम्, अधिकतमम्, मूल्यम्, तौ।
  • तृतीया – विकासेन, तेन, अध्वना, कियता, मूल्येन, एकेन, सुवर्णनाणकेन।
  • चतुर्थी – महाम्, मे।
  • षष्ठी – एतस्य, सरसिजस्य, परमात्मनः, राजसद्मनः, महात्मनः, तस्य, तयोः, यस्य।
  • सप्तमी – तडागे, सति, शिशिरऋतौ, व्योम्नि, एतादृशे, काले, अतिशीते, एतस्मिन्, नगरे।
  • सम्बोधनम् – भद्र।

2.

  • द्वितीया – तत्, उद्यानम्, हस्तस्थम्, नीरजम, तम्, कृतार्थताम्, वादिनम्, सुदासम्, कमलम्।
  • तृतीया – अनल्पेन, धाम्ना, प्रसादवर्षिभ्याम, लोचनाभ्याम, चरणकमलस्पर्शेण, दर्शनमात्रेण।
  • चतुर्थी – सुगतचरणाभ्याम्, भगवते।
  • षष्ठी – भगवतः, सुगतस्य, वटवृक्षस्य, तस्य, आलोकयतः, सुदासस्य, में।
  • सप्तमी – एकस्मिन, अश्मखण्डे, चित्ते, चरणयोः, उक्तवति, सुगते।
  • सम्बोधनम् – वत्स, भगवन्।

(घ) विशेषण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः ।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. अतिशीते काले
2. स्मयमानमुखपद्यः भगवान्
3. वादिनम् सुदासम्

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. आसीत् सुदास: नाम कश्चिदुद्यानपालः।
  2. तस्य पूजार्थमिदं कमलम् अभ्यर्थये।
  3. तत्कियता मूल्येन ददासि।
  4. उद्यानपाल: अब्रवीत्।
  5. तं श्रेष्ठिनम् उद्यानपाल: अबूत।
  6. एतौ कमलमेतत् क्रेतुम् इच्छतः।
  7. स सुगत एवाधिकतम मूल्यं दद्यात्।

उत्तरम् :

  1. लङ्लकार;
  2. लट्लकार:
  3. लट्लकारः
  4. लङ्लकारः
  5. लङ्लकार:
  6. लट्लकार:
  7. विधिलिङ्लकार:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 2.
1. ‘सुदासस्य चित्ते भक्तिरसार्णवः उदतिष्ठत्।
2. ‘तथास्तु’ इति अब्रवीत् भगवान् सुगतः।
उत्तरम् :
1. लङ्लकारः
2. ललकार:

(छ) प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
तस्य तडागे शिशिर-ऋतौ पद्मं व्यकसत्।
उत्तरम् :
तस्य तडागे कदा पर्दा व्यकसत्?

प्रश्न 2.
स: कमल विक्रेतुं राजसानः पुरत: स्थितः।
उत्तरम् :
स: कमलं विक्रेतुं कुत्र स्थित:?

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 3.
श्रेष्ठी दश सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुमिच्छति।
उत्तरम् :
कः दश सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुमिच्छति?

प्रश्न 4.
सुदासः उद्यानं प्राप्तः।
उत्तरम् :
कः उद्यानं प्राप्तः?

प्रश्न 5.
वटवृक्षस्य अधस्तात् अश्मखण्डे महात्मा उपविष्टः आसीत्।
उत्तरम् :
वटवृक्षस्य अधस्तात् अश्मखण्डे कः उपविष्टः आसीत्?

प्रश्न 6.
सुदासः भगवत: चरणयोः नीरजम् अयं कृतवान्।
उत्तरम् :
सुदासः भगवतः चरणयोः किम् अध्यं कृतवान् ?

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 7.
‘तथास्तु’ इति अब्रवीत् भगवान् सुगतः।
उत्तरम् :
‘तथास्तु’ इति क: अब्रवीत्?

पृथक्करणम्

(क) क्रमेण योजयत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. श्रेष्ठिनः सार्थवाहस्य च विवादः ।
  2. शिशिर-ऋतौ पद्मस्य विकासः।
  3. सुदास: विक्रयणार्थ राजसद्मनः पुरतः स्थितः।
  4. सुदासस्य धनप्राप्ते: इच्छा।

उत्तरम् :

  1. शिशिर-ऋतौ पद्यस्य विकासः ।
  2. सुदासस्य धनप्राप्ते: इच्छा।
  3. सुदासः विक्रयणार्थ राजसद्मनः पुरतः स्थितः।
  4. श्रेष्ठिन: सार्थवाहस्य च विवादः।

प्रश्न 2.

  1. सुदासस्य धनप्राप्ते: इच्छा।
  2. सार्थवाहस्य कमलक्रयणस्य इच्छा।
  3. सार्थवाहः शतं सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुं सिद्धः।
  4. श्रेष्ठी दश सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुमिच्छति।

उत्तरम् :

  1. सुदासस्य धनप्राप्ते: इच्छा।
  2. सार्थवाहस्य कमलक्रयणस्य इच्छा।
  3. श्रेष्ठी दश सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुमिच्छति।
  4. सार्थवाहः शतं सुवर्णनाणकानि दातुं सिद्धः ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 3.

  1. सुगतचरणाभ्यां कमलस्य समर्पणम्।
  2. सुदासस्य सुगतदर्शनम्।
  3. सुगतस्य आशीर्वादप्रदानम्।
  4. सुगतदर्शनात् बहुमूल्यस्य अपेक्षायाः विस्मरणम्।

उत्तरम् :

  1. सुदासस्य सुगतदर्शनम्।
  2. सुगतदर्शनात् बहुमूल्यस्य अपेक्षायाः विस्मरणम्।
  3. सुगतचरणाभ्यां कमलस्य समर्पणम्।
  4. सुगतस्य आशीर्वादप्रदानम्। स्थानाधारेण शब्दपेटिका पूरयत। (वटवृक्षः नगरम्, अश्मखण्डः, उद्यानम्)

(ख) स्थानाधारेण शब्दपेटिका पूरयत।
(वटवृक्ष: नगरम्, अश्मखण्डः, उद्यानम्)

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम् 2

(ख) तालिका पूरयत।

प्रश्न 1.
(मञ्जूषा – एकेन सुवर्णनाणकेन, अहं शतं सुवर्णनाणकानि प्रयच्छामि, नैतद् विक्रेतुमिच्छामि, तत् कियता मूल्येन ददासि?)
उत्तरम् :
वक्त्रा संवाद मेलयत।

सार्थवाहः उद्यानपाल:
1. अहं शतं सुवर्णनाणकानि प्रयच्छामि। 1. एकेन सुवर्णनाणकेन।
2. तत् कियता मूल्येन ददासि? 2. नैतद् विक्रेतुमिच्छामि।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

(ग) वक्त्रा संवादं मेलयत।

प्रश्न 1.
(मञ्जूषा – भगवन् किमन्यत्?, तथास्तु, नमो भगवते, वत्स, किमिच्छसि)

सुदासः सुगत:
नमो भगवते। तथास्तु।
भगवन् किमन्यत्? वत्स, किमिच्छसि।

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः।

  1. उद्यानपाल: – मालाकारः।
  2. व्योम्नि – आकाशे, गगने, नभसि, अन्तरिक्षे, अनन्ते, खे।
  3. धनम् – द्रव्यम्, वित्तम्, स्थापतेयम्, रिक्थम्, ऋक्थम्, वसुः, अर्थम्।
  4. अध्वना – मार्गेण, पथिना।
  5. सुगतः – सर्वज्ञः, बुद्धः, धर्मराजः, तथागतः, गौतमः ।

(ख) विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत।

1. पुरतः × पृष्ठतः।

(ग) सूचमनुसारं कृती: कुरुत।

(आ) धातुसाधित – अव्ययं निष्कासयत।

प्रश्न 1.
सः सुगतस्य चरणयोरय॑म् कृत्वा प्राणमत्।
उत्तरम् :
स: सुगतस्यं चरणयोरय॑म् अकरोत् प्राणमत् च।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 2.
सुदासः तत् विस्मृत्य तत्कमलं समर्पितवान्।
उत्तरम् :
सुदासः तत् व्यस्मरत् तत्कमलं समर्पितवान् च।

(इ) स्म निष्कासयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
तस्य वदनम् अनल्पेन धाम्ना राजते स्म।
उत्तरम् :
तस्य वदनम् अनल्पेन धाम्ना अराजत।

(उ) वचनं परिवर्तयत।

प्रश्न 1.
एतौ कमलमेतत् क्रेतुम् इच्छतः । (एकवचने लिखत।)
उत्तरम् :
एष: कमलमेतत् केतुम् इच्छति ।

(क) लकार परिवर्तयत।

प्रश्न 1.
शिशिर-ऋतौ पचं व्यकसत्। (लट्लकारे परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
शिशिर-ऋतौ पा विकसति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

प्रश्न 2.
सुदासस्य चित्ते भक्तिरसार्णवः उदतिष्ठत्। (विधिलिङ्लकारे परिवर्तयत।)
उत्तरम् :
सुदासस्य चित्ते भक्तिरसाणव: उत्तिष्ठेत्।

(घ) वाक्यं शुद्धं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
स: राजसाना पुरत: स्थितः।
उत्तरम् :
स: राजसद्मनः पुरतः स्थितः।

प्रश्न 2.
अनल्या धाम्ना तस्य वदनं राजते।
उत्तरम् :
अनल्पेन धाम्ना तस्य वदनं राजते।

प्रश्न 3.
अहं दश सुवर्णनाणकानि यच्छामः ।
उत्तरम् :
वयं दश सुवर्णनाणकानि यच्छामः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

समासाः

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम् 4

अमूल्यं कमलम् Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना  :

भारत हा अनेक तत्त्वचिंतकांचा देश आहे. भगवान गौतम बुद्ध हे त्याच महान व्यक्तिमत्त्वांपैकी एक होते. भगवान बुद्ध हे सत्य, प्रेम, ज्ञान व शांततेचा संदेश जगभरात पसरवणाऱ्या बौद्ध धर्माचे प्रवर्तक होते. भगवान बुद्धांविषयीच्या अनेक कथा प्रसिद्ध आहेत, ज्यात ते आपल्या शिष्यांना समाधानी आणि शांतीपूर्ण जीवनाचे धडे देतात.

‘अमूल्यं कमलम्’ ही कथा बौद्ध कथासाहित्यातून घेतलेली आहे. भगवान बुद्धांच्या अलौकिक शिकवणीचे या कथांमधून दर्शन घडते. कथेचे शीर्षक सदाचार आणि सत्संगतीचे महात्म्य योग्यप्रकारे सूचित करते. त्यातून मिळणारे समाधान व मन:शांती ही संपत्ती आणि भौतिक सुखांपेक्षा श्रेष्ठ तसेच मौल्यवान असते.

India is the country of philosophical thinkers. Lord Gautam Buddha uns one of those great personalities. Lord Buddha uns the founder of Buddhism which Spreads the message of truth, love, enlightenment and peace on the earth.

Many legends of Lord Buddha are popular in which he preaches and enlightens his disciples about content and peaceful life. ‘अमूल्यं कमलम्’ is a story extracted from Buddhist legends that highlights the divine teachings of lord Buddha. The title rightly suggests that, righteousness and a good company leading to contentment and peace of mind, is superior and priceless compared to money and worldly pleasures.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

परिच्छेदः 1

आसीत् सुदासो ……………….. विक्रेतुमिच्छामि इति।

अनुवादः

सुदास नावाचा कोणी एक माळी होता. एकदा शिशिरऋतू (हिवाळा) असूनसुद्धा आकाशात (शोभून दिसणाऱ्या) नुकत्याच उगवलेल्या सूर्यबिंबासारखे (तेजस्वी) कमळ मराठी त्याच्या सरोवरात उमलले. त्याने विचार केला, “परमात्म्याचा महिमा थोर (आहे), की एवढ्या कडाक्याच्या थंडीतसुद्धा या कमळाच्या उमलण्यामुळे माझे सरोवर सुशोभित झाले आहे. हे कमळ विकून मी पुष्कळ पैसे कमवेन”. असा विचार करून तो ते (कमळ) विकण्यासाठी राजवाड्यासमोर उभा राहिला. काही वेळानंतर, कोणी एक श्रीमंत व्यापारी त्याच मार्गान (दिशेने) आला.

तो म्हणाला, “सध्या भगवान सुगत याच शहरात राहत आहेत.” त्या महात्म्याच्या पूजेसाठी या कमळाची(मी) याचना (इच्छा) करतो. ते किती रूपयांत (मला) देशील? माळी म्हणाला, “एक सुवर्णमुद्रा (घेईन).” तेव्हा तो व्यापारी कमळ विकत घेण्याची इच्छा (व्यक्त) करत असताना दुसरा एक धनाढ्य व्यापारी सुगतांच्या दर्शनासाठी जात असताना तेथे हजर झाला. कमळाची किंमत विचारणाऱ्या त्या व्यापाऱ्याला माळी म्हणाला “हे महाशय या (कमळा) साठी एक सुवर्णमुद्रा देऊ इच्छितात.”

व्यापारी म्हणाला, “मी दहा सुवर्णमुद्रा देईन.”(पहिला) व्यापारी म्हणाला, “मी शंभर सुवर्णमुद्रा देईन.” त्या दोघांमधील विवाद ऐकून सुदासाने विचार केला. “ज्याच्यासाठी हे दोघे हे कमळ विकत घेऊ इच्छितात, तो सुगतच मला याहून अधिक मूल्य देईल.”
तेव्हा तो माळी त्या दोघांना म्हणाला, “महाशय, मी हे (कमळ) विकू इच्छित नाही.”

There was a certain gardener named सुदास, In his pond, in the winter season, there bloomed a lotus, which looked like the rising sun, in the sky. He thought, “O, the greatness of the Supreme Soul! In this severe cold, my pond is adorned by the blooming of such a lotus. By selling this lotus, I shall obtain a lot of wealth.” Thinking so, in order to sell it, he stood in front of the royal palace.

After a while, a certain rich merchant came by that very road. He spoke, “O noble man, the Lord y resides in this city now. I request this lotus for the worship of that great soul. At what price will you give it (to me)?” The gardener stated, “One gold coin.” Then, no sooner did that merchant wish to buy the lotus, than another wealthy tradesman / merchant, going to see yer, also came there.

The gardener said to the tradesman, who was asking for the price of the lotus, “This eminent person wishes to give one gold coin for this.” The tradesman replied, “l shall give ten gold coins.” The merchant spoke, “I will give a hundred gold coins.” Listening to their argument, yere deliberated, “The one, for whom these two wish to buy this lotus, that सुगत alone will give me a higher price.”

Thus, he told both of them, “Sirs, I do not wish to sell (this lotus).”

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

परिच्छेदः 2

अथ प्राप्तः …………………. भगवान् गौतमबुद्धः।

अनुवादः

आता सुदास, भगवान सुगत ज्या उद्यानात राहत होते, तेथे पोहोचला. तेथे वटवृक्षाखाली एका खडकावर ते महात्मा बसलेले होते. त्या दैवी पुरुषाचा चेहरा अमाप तेजाने झळकत होता. त्यांना पाहताच सुदासाच्या मनात भक्तिरसाचा सागर उफाळून आला.

हातातील कमळ भगवान सुगतांच्या पायावर अर्घ्य म्हणून समर्पित करुन, “भगवंतांना वंदन असो” असे म्हणत (त्याने) नम्रपणे अभिवादन केले. करुणाई डोळ्यांनी त्याच्याकडे पाहत कमळासारखे मुख असलेले भगवान सस्मित म्हणाले, “बाळा, तुझी काय इच्छा आहे?”

सुगतांचे हे शब्द ऐकताच आता निरिच्छ झालेला सुदास म्हणाला, “भगवन, अजून काय (असणार)? आपल्या चरणकमलांच्या केवळ स्पर्शाने माझ्या आत्म्याला कृतार्थता लाभो.” असे म्हणणाऱ्या सुदासाला ‘तसेच होवो’ असे भगवान सुगत म्हणाले.

काय तो सुगतांचा प्रभाव! त्यांच्या केवळ दर्शनाने कमळासाठी मोठ्या किमतीची अपेक्षा करणाऱ्या सुदासाने ते विसरून ते कमळ सुगतांच्या चरणावर वाहिले. हे सुगत म्हणजेच भगवान गौतम बुद्ध.

Now, सुदास reached that garden where Lord सुगत lived. There, under the banyan tree, that great soul was seated, on a rock. That divine one’s face shone with great lustre. As soon as he saw him, an ocean of devotion arose in सुदास’s heart.

Offering the lotus in his hand at the feet of Lord सुगत as homage, saying “Salutations to the Lord”, he bowed down with humility. Looking at him with eyes showering kindness (serenity), the lotus-faced Lord smilingly said, “Child, what do you wish?”.

At these words of सुगत, सुदास who was now desireless replied, “O Lord what else? By the mere touch of your feet, may my soul attain fulfilment.” To सुदास who spoke thus, the Lord सुगत uttered, “May it be so.” Othe effect of सुगत, by only the sight of whom, सुदास, having forgotten that he expected a huge price for the lotus, dedicated that lotus at the feet of सुगत. This सुगत is none other than Lord गौतम बुद्ध.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 4 अमूल्यं कमलम्

शब्दार्थाः :

  1. उद्यानपाल: – gardener – माळी
  2. विवादः – argument – वाद/भांडण
  3. सार्थवाह:/श्रेष्ठी – merchant/trader – व्यापारी
  4. महिमा – greatness – महात्म्य, मोठेपणा
  5. अध्वना – by the road – रस्त्याने
  6. परमात्मनः – of the supreme soul – परमात्म्याचे
  7. राजसद्मनः – of the royal palace – राजवाड्याच्या
  8. अतिशीते – in extreme cold – कडाक्याच्या थंडीत
  9. तडागे – in the lake – सरोवरामध्ये
  10. शिशिर ऋती – in winter season – हिवाळ्यात
  11. व्योम्नि – in the sky – आकाशात
  12. अभ्यर्थये – I request – मी विनंती करतो
  13. पद्यं व्यकसत् – a lotus bloomed – कमळ उमलले
  14. व्यमृशत् – thought – विचार केला
  15. दद्यात् – would give – देतील
  16. क्रेतुम् – to buy – विकत घेण्यासाठी
  17. विक्रेतुम् – to sell – विकण्यासाठी
  18. सत्यपि- in spite of being – असताना सुद्धा
  19. प्राप्तः सुदासः – सुदास reached – सुदास पोहोचला
  20. मुखपद – lotus-like face – मुखकमल
  21. भक्तिरसार्णवः – an ocean of devotion – भक्तिचा सागर
  22. निरिच्छ: – desireless – नि:स्पृह/निःस्वार्थ
  23. अपेक्षमाणः – expected अपेक्षा करणारा
  24. स्मयमानः – smiling – हसरा
  25. निरूपयन् – looking बघत असता
  26. समर्पितवान् – dedicated – अर्पण केले
  27. एवं वादिनम् – who spoke thus – असे बोलणाऱ्या
  28. धाम्ना – with lustre – तेजाने
  29. प्रसादवर्षिभ्याम् – showering kindness – करूणेचा वर्षाव करणाऱ्या
  30. आलोकयत: – while seeing – बघत असताना
  31. अश्मखण्डे – on a rock – खडकावर
  32. उदतिष्ठत् – arose – उत्पन्न झाला
  33. सविनयम् – bowed down with – विनम्र अभिवादन केले
  34. प्राणमत् – humility
  35. कृतार्थतां लभताम् – attain fulfilment – कृतार्थता लाभो
  36. अयं कृत्वा – offering as homage – अर्घ्य वाहून
  37. अवस्तात् – under/ below – खाली

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Amod Chapter 6 युग्ममाला Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

Sanskrit Amod Std 10 Digest Chapter 6 युग्ममाला Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यास:

श्लोकः 1

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
कनकपरीक्षा कथं भवति?
उत्तरम् :
निघर्षणच्छेदनतापताडनैः एतै: चतुर्भिः प्रकारैः कनकपरीक्षा भवति।

प्रश्न आ.
पुरुषपरीक्षा कथं भवति?
उत्तरम् :
पुरुषपरीक्षा श्रुतेन शीलेन गुणेन कर्मणा (इति) चतुर्भिः प्रकारैः भवति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

2. जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत

प्रश्न अ.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 1
उत्तरम् :
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 3

प्रश्न आ.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 2
उत्तरम् :
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 4

3. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
‘यथा चतुर्भिः’ इति श्लोकस्य स्पष्टीकरणं लिखत ।
उत्तरम् :

युग्ममाला हा अशा श्लोकांचा संग्रह आहे की जेथे श्लोकाचा अर्थ पूर्ण करण्याकरिता तसेच त्याचे भाषिक सौंदर्य वाढविण्यासाठी शब्दयुग्मांचा वापर केलेला दिसून येतो. ‘यथा चतुर्भिः’ या श्लोकामध्ये यथा-तथा अव्यय वापरुन आदर्श व्यक्तीचे स्पष्टीकरण दिले आहे. गुणी व आदर्श व्यक्ती ज्ञानी तसेच सद्गुणांनी युक्त असते. ती स्वत:ला चांगल्या कार्यामध्ये मग्न ठेवते.

ज्याप्रमाणे चकाकी तपासण्यासाठी सोन्याला घासले जाते, लवचिकता तपासण्यासाठी त्याला कापले जाते, शुद्धता तपासण्यासाठी त्याला तापविले जाते व मऊपणा तपासण्यासाठी त्याला ठोकले जाते, म्हणजे चार प्रकारांनी सोन्याची पारख केली जाते. याचप्रमाणे, माणसाने शुद्ध मनाने संकटातही ज्ञानी गुणी राहून त्याचा चांगुलपणा दाखविल्यास तो परीक्षेत सफल होतो.

युग्ममाला is a collation of those verses wherein शब्दयुग्म is used to complete the meaning of the verse as well as to enhance its linguistic beauty An ideal person should be knowledgeable and virtuous. He should indulge himself in “right deeds.

Just as gold is scratched to check its shine, it is cut to see its elasticity, it is heated to understand its purity and its softness can be examined by hammering on it. Similarly, a man with pure mind, knowledge and virtues overcomes troubles.

4. अमरकोषात् शब्द प्रयुज्य वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
जनैः कनकं परीक्ष्यते ।
उत्तरम् :
जनैः स्वर्ण/सुवर्ण/हिरण्यं/हेम/हाटकं परीक्ष्यते।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोक: 2.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
अल्पधी: कुत्र श्लाघ्यः भवति?
उत्तरम् :
यत्र विद्वज्जन: न अस्ति, तत्र अल्पधी: अपि श्लाघ्यः भवति।

प्रश्न आ.
एरण्डः कुत्र द्रुमायते?
उत्तरम् :
निरस्तपादपे देशे एरण्ड: द्रुमायते।

2. सन्धि-विग्रहं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
श्लाघ्यस्तत्र
उत्तरम् :
श्लाघ्यस्तत्राल्पधीरपि – श्लाघ्य: + तत्र + अल्पवी: + अपि।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

प्रश्न आ.
अल्पधीरपि ।
उत्तरम् :
अल्पधी: – मन्दबुद्धिः, मूढमतिः

3. अमरकोषात् शब्द प्रयुज्य वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
यत्र एकः अपि पादपः नास्ति तत्र एरण्डः द्रुमायते ।
उत्तरम् :
यत्र एकः अपि वृक्ष:/महीरुहः/शाखी/विटपी/तरुः नास्ति तत्र एरण्ड: द्रुमायते।

श्लोक: 3.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
मनुष्यः द्विप इव मदान्धः कदा भवति?
उत्तरम् :
बदा मनुष्य किमिज्ञः आसीत् तदा सः द्विप इव मदान्धः भवति।

प्रश्न आ.
‘मूर्खः अस्मि’ इति मनुष्येण कुतः अवगतम्?
उत्तरम् :
‘मूर्खः अस्मि’ इति मनुष्येण बुधजनसकाशात् अवगतम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न अ.
किश्चिज्ज्ञोऽहम्
उत्तरम् :
किचिज्जोऽहम् – किञ्चिज्ज्ञः + अहम्।

प्रश्न आ.
अभवदवलिप्तम् ।
उत्तरम् :
सर्वज्ञोऽस्मीत्यभवदलिप्तम् – सर्वज्ञः + अस्मि + इति + अभवत् + अलिप्तम्।

3. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
कदा मदः व्यपगच्छति?
उत्तरम् :
युग्ममाला हा अशा श्लोकांचा संग्रह आहे की जेथे श्लोकाचा अर्थ पूर्ण करण्याकरिता तसेच त्याचे भाषिक सौंदर्य वाढविण्यासाठी शब्दयुग्मांचा वापर केलेला दिसून येतो. ‘यदा ….. व्यपगतः।’ या श्लोकामध्ये एक मनुष्य त्याचे अज्ञान मान्य करतो व ज्ञानी लोकांची संगत फायदेशीर असते हे सांगतो.

या श्लोकातील माणसाला त्याच्या थोड्याशा ज्ञानाचा खोटा अभिमान असतो व या अभिमानामुळे तो स्वतःला सर्वज्ञ समजत असतो पण जेव्हा त्याला ज्ञानी लोकांची संगत प्राप्त होते तेव्हा त्यांच्या सद्विचारांनी या मनुष्याचा अज्ञपणा दूर होतो व तापासारखा त्याचा मद नाहीसा होतो. त्याला त्याच्या चुकीची जाणीव होते.

युग्ममाला is a collation of those verses wherein शब्दयुग्म is used to complete the meaning of the verse as well as to enhance its linguistic beauty.

In the verse, ‘यदा ….. व्यपगतः। A man admits his ignorance and focuses the benefit of learned people’s company. A man says he had false pride of his little knowledge and he was blinded by it like an elephant with rut who is directionless, thoughtless. But a man terms himself fool as he gets associated with learned people. His pride gets disappeared when he meets learned people.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोक: 4.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
आगतं भयं वीक्ष्य नरः किं कुर्यात् ?
उत्तरम् :
आगतं भयं वीक्ष्य नरः यथोचितं कुर्यात्।

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
भयाद्धि ।
उत्तरम् :
भयाद्धि – भयात् +हि।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोक: 5.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत

प्रश्न अ.
क: बहु भाषते?
उत्तरम् :
अधम: बहु भाषते।

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न अ.
स्यादधमः ।
उत्तरम् :
स्यादधमो बहु – स्यात् + अथमः + बहु।

श्लोक: 6.

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
कर्षक: कीदृशं फलं लभते?
उत्तरम् :
कर्षक: क्षेत्रम् आसाद्य यादृशं बीजं वपते तादृशं फलं लभते।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

2. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
क्षेत्रमासाद्य
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्रमासाद्य – क्षेत्रम् + आसाद्य।

प्रश्न आ.
वाऽपि ।
उत्तरम् :
वाऽपि . वा + अपि।

3. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न 1.
मनुष्यः स्वकर्मणः कीदृशं फलं लभते?
उत्तरम् :
युग्ममाला हा अशा श्लोकांचा संग्रह आहे की जेथे श्लोकाचा अर्थ पूर्ण करण्याकरिता तसेच त्याचे भाषिक सौंदर्य वाढविण्यासाठी शब्दयुग्मांचा वापर केलेला दिसून येतो. शेतकऱ्याने चांगले धान्य पेरले असता त्याला त्याचे उत्तम फळ मिळते. तसेच त्याने कमी प्रतीचे / हलक्या दर्जाचे बी पेरले असता त्याला तसेच साधारण फळ प्राप्त होते. याप्रमाणे, मनुष्याने चांगले कर्म केल्यास त्याला त्याची आनंददायी फळे मिळतात अन्यथा त्याला दुष्कर्मामुळे होणाऱ्या दुष्परिणामांना सामोरे जावे लागते.

युग्ममाला is a collation of those verses wherein शब्दयुग्म is used to complete the meaning of the verse as well as to enhance its linguistic beauty. The farmer gets the results if he sows well. He gets poor results if he sows low-quality seeds. Similarly, a man gets pleasurable results of his good deeds and he has to suffer if he is involved in bad deeds.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

4. अमरकोषात् शब्दं प्रयुज्य वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
कर्षक: बीजं वपते ।
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्राजीव:/कृषिक:/कृषीवल:/कर्षक: बीजं वपते।

1. समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
कनकम्, विद्वान्, पादपः, अधमः

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
कनकम्, विद्वान्, पादपः, अधमः
उत्तरम् :

  1. कनकम् – स्वर्णम्, सुवर्णम्, कनकम्, हिरण्यम, हेम, हाटकम्।
  2. विद्वज्जनः – विद्वान, प्राज्ञः।
  3. पादपः – वृक्षः, महीरुहः, शाखी, विटपी, तरुः।
  4. अधमः – मन्दबुद्धिः, मूढमतिः

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

2. विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
गुणः, विद्वान्, उत्तमः, सुकृतम् ।

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
गुणः, विद्वान्, उत्तमः, सुकृतम् ।
उत्तरम् :

  1. गुणः × दुर्गुणः, अवगुणः, दोषः ।
  2. विद्वज्जनः / विद्वान् × मूर्खजनः, अज्ञः।
  3. उत्तमः × अनुत्तमः / अधमः।
  4. सुकृतम् × दुष्कृतम्।

3. चतुर्थपदं लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. मनः – चेतः :: अवगतम् – …………………
आ. बुधजन: – ज्ञानी :: मूर्ख: – ………………….
इ) नरः – मनुष्यः :: उचितम् – …………………
ई) वीक्ष्य – दृष्टा :: भयम् – ………………….
उत्तरम् :
अ. मनः – अन्त: करणम्, चेतः, चित्तम्।
आ. मूर्खः – मूढः
इ. उचितम् – योग्यम, युक्तम्।
ई. भयम् – भीतिः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

4. समानार्थकशब्दानां मेलनं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्दानां मेलनं कुरुत।
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 5
उत्तरम् :

सुवर्णम् हेम
उत्तमः श्रेष्ठः
अवलिप्तम् व्याप्तम्
ध्वनिः शब्दः

5. उचितं शब्दयुग्मं योजयत । (यत्र-तत्र, यदि-तर्हि, यदा-तदा, यथा-तथा)

प्रश्न 1.
अ. ………… अध्यापक: न आगच्छति …………….. छात्रा: स्वाध्यायं कुर्वन्ति ।
आ. …………. धूमः …………. बहिः ।
इ. ……………… आकाशे मेघाः गर्जन्ति मयूरः नृत्यति ।
ई. ……………… विचारः …………… वर्तनम् ।
उ. …………….. सूर्यः उदेति …………….. विश्वं प्रकाशमयं भवति ।
ऊ) ………… शर्करा ……………… पिपीलिकाः ।
ए) सज्जनाः …………. वदन्ति ……………. कुर्वन्ति ।
ऐ. ………………. बालक: व्यायामं करिष्यति …………… स: सुदृढः भविष्यति ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

Sanskrit Amod Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला Additional Important Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम्

(क) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
मनुष्यस्य मदः कदा व्यपगतः?
उत्तरम् :
बदा मनुष्येण बुधजनसकाशात् किन्नित् किञ्जित् अवगतम् तदा सः आत्मानं मूर्खम् अमन्यत तदनन्तरं तस्य मदः व्यपगतः ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

प्रश्न 2.
मनुष्यस्य मदः कथं व्यपगतः?
उत्तरम् :
मनुष्यस्य मद: ज्वर: इव व्यपगतः।

प्रश्न 3.
कदा पर्यन्तं भयात् भेतव्यम्?
उत्तरम् :
यावत् भयम् अनागतं तावत् भयात् भेतव्यम्।

प्रश्न 4.
उत्तमः कीदृशः न स्यात्?
उत्तरम् :
उत्तम: अतिवक्ता न स्यात्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

प्रश्न 5.
सुवर्णे ध्वनिः प्रजायते वा न?
उत्तरम् :
सुवर्णे ध्वनि: न प्रजायते।

प्रश्न 6.
मनुष्यः स्वकर्मणः कीदृशं फलं लभते ?
उत्तरम् :
मनुष्यः सुकृतस्य इष्ट दुष्कृतस्य अनिष्टं फलं लभते।

पृथक्करणम् :

(ख) विशेषण – विशेष्य सम्बन्धः ।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
श्लाध्य अल्पधी:
आगतम् भयम्
अनागतम् भयम्

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

पृथक्करणम्।

(ग) जालरेखाचित्रं पुरयत।

1.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 6

2.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 7

3.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला 8

सन्धिविग्रहः

  • किशिविजि बुधजनसकाशादवगतम् – किञ्जित् + किञ्जित् + बुधजनसकाशात् + अवगतम्।
  • मूखोऽस्मीति – मूर्खः + अस्मि + इति ।
  • विद्वज्जनो नास्ति – विद्वज्जनः + न + अस्ति।
  • एरण्डोऽपि – एरण्ड:+ अपि।
  • भयमनागतम् – भयम् + अनागतम्।
  • उत्तमो नातिवक्ता – उत्तम: + न + अतिवक्ता।
  • ध्वनिस्तादृग्यादृक्कांस्ये – ध्वनिः + तादृक् + यादृक् + कांस्ये।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

समासा:

समस्तपदम् अर्थ: समसाविग्रहः समासनाम
निघर्षणच्छेदनतापताडनैः by rubbing, cutting, heating and hammering निघर्षणं च छेदनं च तापं च ताडनं च,तेः। इतरेतर द्वन्द्व समास
मदान्धः blind due to pride मदेन अन्धः। तृतीया तत्पुरुष समास
किञ्चिज्ज्ञः knows little किञ्चित् जानाति इति। उपपद तत्पुरुष समास
सर्वज्ञः knows everything सर्वं जानाति इति। उपपद तत्पुरुष समास
अनागतम् not arrived न आगतम्। नञ् तत्पुरुष समास
अल्पधी: one who has dull intellect अल्पा धी: यस्य सः। बहुव्रीहि समास
यथोचितम् according to proper (deed) उचितम् अनुसत्य। अव्ययीभाव समास

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत।

  1. पुरुषः – नरः, मानवः, मनुजः, मनुष्यः, मानुष: मर्त्यः ।
  2. कर्षक: – कृषकः, क्षेत्राजीवः, कृषिकः, कृषीवलः।
  3. श्रुतेन – ज्ञानेन, विद्यया।
  4. श्लाघ्यः – प्रशंसनीयः, स्तुत्यः।
  5. अल्पधी: – मन्दबुद्धिः, मूढमतिः ।
  6. द्विपः – गजः, दन्ती, हस्ती।
  7. मदान्धः – मदोन्मत्तः।
  8. सकाशात् – समीपम्।
  9. मदः – वृथाभिमानः, आटोपः।
  10. वीक्ष्य – अवलोक्य, दृष्ट्वा, विलोक्य।
  11. बहु – भूरि, विपुलम्।
  12. ध्वनिः – रवः, नादः, शब्दः।
  13. अवलिप्तम् – व्याप्तम्।
  14. उत्तमः – श्रेष्ठः ।
  15. अवगतम् – अधीतम् ।

(ख) विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत।

  1. श्लाघ्यः × निन्दनीयः।
  2. अल्पधीः × विचक्षणः।
  3. आगतम् × अनागतम्।
  4. उचितम् × अनुचितम्।
  5. बहु × अल्पम्, स्वल्पम्।

युग्ममाला Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना :

संस्कृत साहित्यात अनेक शब्दयुग्मे (शब्दांच्या जोड्या). उदाहरणार्थ – यदा – तदा, यावत् – तावत्, यत्र – तत्र, इ. आढळतात. वाक्य व श्लोकांमध्ये अशी शब्दयुग्मे वापरल्यास वाक्यांचे व श्लोकांचे सौंदर्य वाढते. जसे- यथा राजा तथा प्रजा। युग्ममाला हा अशा श्लोकांचा संग्रह आहे की जेथे श्लोकाचा अर्थ पूर्ण करण्याकरिता तसेच त्याचे भाषिक सौंदर्य वाढविण्यासाठी शब्दयुग्मांचा वापर केलेला दिसून येतो.

शब्दयुग्म, pair of words are noticeable in Sanskrit literature. For example : यदा- तदा, यावत् – तावत, यत्र-तत्र,etc. The usage of such pair of words (शब्दयुग्म) in sentences or in verses increases its beauty eg: यथा राजा तथा प्रजा। युग्ममाला is a collation of those verses wherein शब्दयुग्म is used to complete the meaning of the verse as well as to enhance its linguistic beauty.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोकः 1

यथा चतुर्भि: कनक परीक्ष्यते निघर्षणच्छेदनतापताडनैः। (वृत्तम् – वंशस्थम्)
तथा चतुर्भिः पुरुषः परीक्ष्यते श्रुतेन शीलेन गुणेन कर्मणा।।1।। (वद्धचाणक्यशतकात्)

अन्वय:- यथा कनक निघर्षण – छेदन – ताप – ताडनैः (इति) चतुर्भिः परीक्ष्यते, तथा पुरुषः श्रुतेन, शीलेन, गुणेन, कर्मणा (इति) चतुर्भिः परीक्ष्यते।

अनुवाद:

ज्याप्रमाणे सोन्याची परीक्षा (पारख) घासणे, छेदन करणे (तोडणे), तापविणे व (हातोडीने) ठोकणे, (या) चार प्रकारांनी होते. त्याप्रमाणे, ज्ञान, चारित्र्य, सद्गुण व कर्म या चार प्रकारांनी मनुष्याची परीक्षा होते. स्पष्टीकरण – सोन्याची चकाकी तपासण्याकरिता त्याला घासावे लागते, ते काळे पडते का हे पाहण्याकरिता त्याला तापवावे लागते, त्याचा चिवटपणा पाहण्याकरिता त्याला तोडावे लागते व हातोड्याने ठोकून त्याचा मऊपणा हा गुण कसाला लागतो. थोडक्यात, सोन्याची शुद्धता सिद्ध करण्यासाठी त्याला चार कसोट्या लावतात. त्याप्रमाणे मनुष्य ज्ञानी, सदाचरणी व गुणी राहून त्याचा चांगुलपणा सिद्ध करतो.

Just as the gold is tested by four tests – rubbing, cutting, heating, (and) hammering, similarly, a man is tested by four (dimensions) knowledge, character, virtues (and) deeds. Explanation – The gold is scratched to check its shine. It is cut to see elasticity. It is heated to check whether it turns black and its softness can be examined by striking with the hammer. In brief, the gold has to undergo four tests to prove its purity. Likewise, a man proves his goodness by being knowledgeable, (righteous, and virtuous.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोकः 2

यत्र विद्वज्जनो नास्ति श्लाघ्यस्तत्राल्पधीरपि। (वृत्तम् – अनुष्टप)
निरस्तपादपे देशे एरण्डोऽपि द्रुमायते।।2।। (सङ्ग्रहात्।)

अन्वयः- यत्र विद्वज्जनः न अस्ति, तत्र अल्पधी: अपि श्लाघ्यः (भवति)। (यथा) निरस्तपादपे देशे एरण्डः अपि दुमायते।

अनुवादः

जेथे विद्वान नसतो तेथे अल्पबुद्धीचा माणूसही प्रशंसनीय ठरतो. (स्तुतीस पात्र ठरतो.) वृक्षहीन (वैराण) प्रदेशात एरंडही वृक्ष होतो (ठरतो.)

स्पष्टीकरण-दबळया समहावर अंकुश ठवणान्या लाकाना उप्पसून वरील श्लोकाची रचना केली आहे. अल्प क्षमता असलेल्या लोकांच्या समूहामध्ये किचित अधिकतर क्षमता असलेलाही स्तुतीस पात्र ठरतो.।

(In a place) where there is no learned one, even a dull-witted person becomes praiseworthy. In a place where there is no vegetation, even a castor – plant becomes a tree.

Explanation – The poet takes a dig at people that are in power in a weak setup. When everyone around is of mediocre capacity, one with every few accolades becomes the hero.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोकः 3

यदा किजिज्ञोऽहं द्विप इव मदान्धः समभवं
तदा सर्वज्ञोऽस्मीत्यभवदलिप्तं मम ममः।
यदा किजिकिशिद् बुधजनसकाशादवगतं (वृत्तम् – शिखरिणी)
तदा मूर्योऽस्मीति ज्वर इव मदो मे व्यपगतः।।3।। (नीतिशतकात)

अन्वय:- यदा अहं किजिजः (रादा) (अहं) द्विपः इव मदान्धः समभवम् । तदा मम मनः ‘सर्वज्ञ: अस्मि’ इति अवलिप्तम् अभवत्। यदा बुधजनसकाशात् किंचित् किक्षित् अवगतम् तदा (अह) मूर्खः अस्मि (इति ज्ञात्वा) में मद; ज्वर: इव व्यपगतः।

अनुवादः

जेव्हा मला थोडेसे ज्ञान प्राप्त झाले, तेव्हा मदाने आंधळा झालेल्या हत्तीसारखा मी (आंधळा) झालो आणि माझे मन ‘मी सर्वज्ञ आहे’ या कल्पनेने वेढले गेले. (पण) जेव्हा ज्ञानी माणसांकडून मला थोडे थोडे कळू लागले, तेव्हा मी मूर्ख आहे’ असे मला जाणवले व तापाप्रमाणे माझा गर्व नाहीसा झाला (उतरला.)
स्पष्टीकरण – स्वत:च्या ज्ञानाचा कधीही गर्व बाळगू नये कारण ज्ञानी माणसांच्या सहवासाने अल्पज्ञानात भर पडते.

When I had scanty knowledge, I was blinded with pride, like and elephant (in a rut) (and) my mind got conceited thinking that I know everything. (But) When I began to acquire knowledge, little by little, from the learned, I learned that ‘I am a fool and my (false) pride disappeared like fever.

Explanation – Never be proud of little knowledge as it continues to upgrade when one comes into contact with a more knowledgeable person.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोकः 4

तावद् भवाद्धि भेतव्यं यावद्भयमनागतम्। (वृत्तम् – अनुष्टप)
आगतं तु भयं वीक्ष्य नरः कुर्याद् यथोचितम् ।।4।। (पञ्चतन्त्रात्)

अन्वय:- यावत् भयम् अनागतं तावत् हि भयात् भेतव्यम्। (तथापि) आगतं तु भयं वीक्ष्य नरः यथोचितं कुर्यात्।

अनुवादः

जोपर्यंत भयाने (माणसाला) ग्रासले नाही (संकटात पकडले नाही) तोपर्यंत (माणसाने) भयाला घाबरावे. (परंतु) भयाला आलेले पाहून मनुष्याने जे योग्य आहे तेच आचरावे

(योग्य ते करावे.) As long as fear has not arrived (a person is not caught in the calamity) till then one should be scared of fear. (But) Having seen fear approaching, a man should do what is proper/right.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोकः 5

उत्तमो नातिवक्ता स्यादधमो बहु भाषते।
सुवर्णे न ध्वनिस्तादृग्यादृक्कांस्ये प्रजायते।।5।। (वृत्तम् – अनुष्टुप)

अन्वयः- उत्तमः अतिवक्ता न स्यात्, अधम: बहु भाषते। यादृक् कांस्ये (ध्वनिः) प्रजायते तादृक् सुवर्णे ध्वनिः न (प्रजायते)।

अनुवादः

उत्तम व्यक्ती फार बोलत नाही (वायफळ गोष्टींमध्ये सहभाग घेत नाही) (बुद्धीने व ज्ञानाने) सामान्य लोक खूप बडबड करतात. ज्याप्रमाणे, काश्याच्या भांड्याचा आवाज होतो तसा सोन्याचा होत नाही.
स्पष्टीकरण: ज्ञानी माणसे वायफळ बोलत नाहीत; ज्यांचे ज्ञान अल्प आहे, अशी माणसे नेहमी बडबड करत राहतात.

An excellent person does not talk much (does not indulge in loose talks), inferior person talks much (unnecessarily). Just as gold (best and expensive metal) does not produce (loud) sound like bronze (base metal) makes.
Explanation: Knowledgeable people do not indulge in unnecessary and loose talk, whereas those who have less knowledge always chatter.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

श्लोकः 6

यादृशं वपते बीज क्षेत्रमासाद्य कर्षकः।
सुकृते दुष्कृते वाऽपि तादृशं लभते फलम्।।6।। (वृत्तम् – अनुष्टुप्)

अन्वय:- कर्षक: क्षेत्रम् आसाद्य यादृशं बीजं वपते (तादृशं फलं लभते)। (तथैव मनुष्यः) सुकृते वा दुष्कृते वा अपि तादृश (इष्टम् अनिष्ट वा) फलं लभते।

अनुवादः

शेतकरी शेतात जाऊन ज्या त-हेचे बीज पेरतो, त्या तमेचे फळ त्याला मिळते. कृती चांगली वा वाईट (जशी असेल) त्यानुसार मनुष्यास त्याचे फळ मिळते. (चांगल्या कृतीचे आनंददायी तर वाईट कृतीचे क्लेशकारक फळ मिळते.) स्पष्टीकरण – पेरावे तसे उगवते.

Just as the farmer obtains the fruit based on what he sows, (similarly, a man) acquires a fruit in good or bad deeds. (through pleasurable and painful experiences.)
Explanation – As you sow, so shall you reap.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 6 युग्ममाला

शब्दार्थाः

  1. निघर्षण – rubbing – घर्षण
  2. छेदन – cutting – तोडणे
  3. ताप – heating – तापवणे
  4. कनकम् – gold – सोने
  5. शीलेन – by character – चारित्र्याने
  6. गुणेन – by virtues – गुणांनी
  7. कर्मणा – by deeds – कर्माने
  8. श्रुतेन – by learning/ knowledge – ज्ञानाने
  9. ताडनैः – by hammering – ठोकून
  10. चतुर्भिः – by four (ways) – चार (प्रकारे)
  11. परीक्ष्यते – is tested – तपासले जाते
  12. यथा – तथा – just as – similarly – ज्याप्रमाणे – त्याप्रमाणे
  13. विद्वज्जनः – learned – विद्वान
  14. श्लाघ्यः – praiseworthy – स्तुतीस पात्र/प्रशंसनीय
  15. एरण्ड : – castor plant – एरंड
  16. अल्पधी: – dull-witted person – अल्पबुद्धी असलेला
  17. निरस्तपादपे – no tree – वृक्षहीन
  18. दुमायते – becomes a tree – वृक्ष मानला जातो
  19. यत्र – तत्र – where-there – जेथे – तेथे
  20. किञ्चिज्ञ – having scanty knowledge – अल्पज्ञान असलेला
  21. मदान्धः – blinded with pride – मदाने आंधळा
  22. व्यपगतः – disappeared – नाहीसा झाला
  23. द्विपः इव – like an elephant – हतीसारखा
  24. ज्वर: इव – like fever – तापासारखा
  25. अवलिप्तम् – conceited – बेडले गेले
  26. अवगतम् – learnt – समजले
  27. बुधजनसकाशात् from learned – ज्ञानी मानसांकडून
  28. समभवम् – I became – मी झालो
  29. सर्वज्ञः अस्मि – know everything – मी सर्वज्ञ आहे
  30. यदा-तदा – when-then – जेव्हा तेव्हा
  31. भेतव्यम् – should frighten – घाबरून रहावे
  32. अनागतम् – not arrived – आले नाही
  33. वीक्ष्य – seeing carefully – काळजीपूर्वक पाहून
  34. यथोचितं – should do what is – योग्य ते करावे
  35. कुर्यात् – proper
  36. यावद्-तावद् – as long as-till then जोपर्यंत – तोपर्यंत
  37. उत्तमः – excellent
  38. अधमः – inferior
  39. कांस्य – bronze
  40. उत्तम – अधम काशे
  41. प्रजायते – is produced – निर्माण होतो
  42. यादृक् – तादृक् – just as-likewise – जसा – तसा
  43. न अतिवक्ता स्यात् – does not talk much – जास्त बोलत नाही
  44. कर्षक: – farmer – शेतकरी
  45. सुकृते – in good or bad – चांगल्या वा
  46. दुष्कृते वा – deed – वाईट कृतीमध्ये
  47. बीजं वपते – Sows seeds – धान्य पेरतो
  48. फलं लभते – obtains a fruit – फळ मिळते
  49. क्षेत्रमासाद्य – going to the fields – शेतात जाऊन
  50. यादृशम् – just as – जसे
  51. तादृशम् – likewise – तसे

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Amod Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

Sanskrit Amod Std 10 Digest Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Textbook Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम्‌ :

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
अरण्ये कौ निवसतः स्म ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अरण्ये मृग: काक:च निवसतः स्म।

प्रश्न आ.
काकः किम् उपादिशत् ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
काक: उपादिशत्, “अकस्मादागन्तुना सह मित्रता न युक्ता।”

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न इ.
मृगः प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गत्वा किम् अकरोत् ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मृगः प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गत्वा सस्यम् अखादत् ।

प्रश्न ई.
क्षुद्रबुद्धिः कुत्र निभृतं स्थितः ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
क्षुद्रबुद्धिः समीपमेव वक्षस्य पृष्ठतः निभृतं स्थितः।

प्रश्न उ.
शृगालः केन हतः ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
क्षेत्रपतिना क्षिप्तेन लगुडेन शृगालः हतः।

2. कः कं वदति ?

प्रश्न अ.
‘वनेऽस्मिन् एकं सस्यपूर्ण क्षेत्रमस्ति ।’
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
जम्बूक; मृगं वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न आ.
‘मित्र, छिन्धि तावन्मम बन्धनम् ।’
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मृग: जम्बूकं वदति।

प्रश्न इ.
‘स वञ्चक: क्वास्ते ?’
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
काकः मृगं वदति।

3. प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
शृगालः मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत् ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
शृगाल: केन सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत् ?

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न आ.
प्रदोषकाले मृगमन्विष्यन् काकः क्षेत्रे उपस्थितः।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
कदा मृगमन्विष्यन् काकः क्षेत्रे उपस्थितः?

प्रश्न इ.
स: वृक्षस्य पृष्ठतः निभृतं स्थितः।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
स: वृक्षस्य पृष्ठतः कथं स्थितः?

4. उत्तरपदं लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. काकोऽवदत् = काकः + …………… ।
आ. मृगेणोक्तम् = मृगेण + …………… ।
इ. जम्बूकोऽयम् = जम्बूकः + ………….. ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अ. काकोऽवदत् – काकः + अवदत्।
आ. मृगेणोक्तम् – मृगेण + उक्तम्।
इ. जम्बूकोऽयम् – जम्बूकः + अयम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

5. पूर्वपदं लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. मृगोऽब्रवीत् = …………….. + अब्रवीत्
आ. वातेनोदरम् = …………… + उदरम्
इ. मृतोऽसि = ………………. + असि
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अ. मृगोऽब्रवीत् – मृगः + अब्रवीत्।
आ. वातेनोदरम् – वातेन + उदरम्।
इ. मृतोऽसि – मृत: + असि।

6. सूचनानुसारं कृती: कुरुत ।

ऊ. त्वं सत्वरं पलायिष्यसे । (‘त्वं’ स्थाने ‘भवान्’ योजयत ।)

प्रश्न अ.
मृगः प्रत्यहं तत्र गत्वा सस्यम् अखादत्। (त्वान्त-अव्ययं निष्कासयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
मृगः प्रत्यहं तत्र अगच्छत् सस्यम् अखादत् च।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न आ.
मित्र छिन्धि तावन्मम बन्धनम् । (लकारं लिखत ।)
उत्तरम् :
लोट्लकार:

प्रश्न इ.
वयम् आनन्देन एकत्र निवसामः । (लट्लकारस्थाने लङ्लकारं योजयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
वयम् आनन्देन एकत्र न्यवसाम।

प्रश्न ई.
त्वं पादान्स्तब्धीकृत्य तिष्ठ । (‘त्वं’ स्थाने ‘भवान्’ योजयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
भवान् पादान्स्तब्धीकृत्य तिष्ठतु ।

प्रश्न उ.
भवानपि अपरिचितः एव आसीत् । (‘भवान्’ स्थाने ‘त्वं’ योजयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
भवान् पादास्तब्धीकृत्य पलायिष्यते।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

7. स्तम्भमेलनं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
स्तम्भमेलनं कुरुत।
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा 1
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. दृढः बन्धः
2. क्षिप्तेन लगुडेन
3. एकस्मिन् दिने
4. लगुडहस्तः क्षेत्रपतिः

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

8. जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा 2
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा 5

9. तालिकां पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा 3
(मञ्जूषा – त्रायस्व माम्, दर्शयामि त्वाम्, दृढोऽयं बन्धः, छिन्धि मम बन्धनम्)
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

जम्बूकः मृगः
दर्शयामि त्वाम्। त्रायस्व माम्।
दृढोऽयं बन्धः छिन्धि मम बन्धनम्

प्रश्न 2.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा 4
(मञ्जूषा – अलं विवादेन, कोऽयं द्वितीयः?, एवमस्तु, अस्मत्सख्यम् इच्छति ।)
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

मृगः काकः
अलं विवादेन। कोऽयं द्वितीयः?
अस्मत्सख्यम् इच्छति। एवमस्तु।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

10. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
‘स नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ इति वचनं कथायाः आधारेण स्पष्टीकुरुत ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा या कथेच्या संदर्भात ‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ ही उक्ती आलेली दिसून येते. हितोपदेश या पुस्तकात मित्रलाभ 1.3. या प्रकरणात ही कथा आवळते. धूर्त कोल्हा हरिणाला त्याच्या शब्दांमध्ये फसवितो व त्याच्याशी मैत्री करतो. कोल्हा हरिणाला धान्यांनी भरलेले एक शेत दाखवितो.

साहजिकच हरिणाच्या मनात धान्याबद्दल हाव निर्माण होते. पण नंतर, शेताच्या मालकाने टाकलेल्या जाळ्यात हरिण अडकते. हरिणाने कोल्ह्याकडे मदत मागताच धूर्त कोल्हा जाळे घट्ट असल्याचे सांगतो. त्यामुळे तो तोडण्यास समर्थ नाही असे दर्शवितो.

हरिणाला कोल्ह्याचा धूर्तपणा हळूहळू लक्षात येतो. कावळ्याचे न ऐकल्याचा त्याला पश्चात्ताप होतो. जेव्हा कावळा हरिणाला शोधत शोधत हरिणाजवळ पोहोचतो, तेव्हा तो ‘स: नर: शत्रुनन्दनः’ हा श्लोक उद्धृत करतो. या श्लोकाचा अर्थ असा, की, “जो आपल्या मित्रांचा, हितचिंतकांचा सल्ला ऐकत नाही, तो संकटात सापडतो व त्याच्या शāना आनंदित करतो, त्यांचे शत्रुत्व ओढून घेतो.

हरिणाने अनोळखी प्राण्यांशी (कोल्ह्याशी) मैत्री न करण्याचा कावळ्याचा सल्ला ऐकला नाही व कोल्ह्याशी मैत्री केल्याने अखेर त्याला जाळ्यात अडकावे लागले. म्हणजे तो संकटात सापडला व हरिणाला शत्रुनन्दन हे विशेषण लागू पडले. ‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ इति वचनं कथायाः आधारेण स्पष्टीकुरुत।

‘सः नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ occurs in the context of the story व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा. It is found in the chapter 1.3 of मित्रलाभ, in हितोपदेश. The crooked jackal trapped the deer in its words. It intentionally showed the deer a field full of grains. Due to greed for the grains, the deer got caught in the net set by the owner of the field. When the deer asked the jackal for his help, it cleverly answered, the net is tendon, so it can’t break it.

The deer understood the jackal’s plan. It repented for not listening to the crow’s advice. When crow came searching for him, It uttered the verse सुडदा …..स: नर:शत्रुनन्दन: which means, “The one who does not listen to the words of well-wishing friends, calamity becomes his neighbour and he pleases enemies.” The deer disregarded crow’s advice of not making friendship with strangers. It had friendship with a deceitful jackal and was finally trapped in the net. Seeing him caught in the net, the jackal became happy.

In this way, the deer proved himself as शत्रुनन्दन, the one whopleases enemies as the deer also pleased the mind of the crooked jackal.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न आ.
काकेन क: उपायः उक्त : ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा या कथेच्या संदर्भात ‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ ही उक्ती आलेली दिसून येते. हितोपदेश या पुस्तकात मित्रलाभ 1.3. या प्रकरणात ही कथा आढळते. शेताच्या मालकाने हरिणाला जाळ्यात अडकविले. कावळा हरिणाला शोधत तेथे आला. कावळ्याने विचारले असता हरिणाने सर्व हकीकत त्याला सांगितली. कोल्ह्याच्या धूर्तपणामुळे हरिण जाळ्यात अडकले होते.

कावळ्याने हरिणाला मेल्यासारखे दर्शविण्यास सांगितले, तसेच कावळ्याने हरिणाला पोट फुगवायला व पायही स्तब्ध ठेवण्यास सांगितले. कावळ्याच्या म्हणण्यानुसार वागल्यामुळे शेताच्या मालकाला हरिण मृत असल्याचा भास झाला. शेताचा मालक हरिणाजवळ आला व जाळे काढले. ठरल्याप्रमाणे कावळ्याने काव-काव असा आवाज केला. आवाज ऐकताच हरिण उठले व पटकन पळून गेले. कावळ्याने शोधलेल्या या उपायामुळे व त्याच्या चातुर्यामुळे हरिणाचे प्राण वाचले.

‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ occurs in the context of the story व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा. It is found in the chapter 1.3 of मित्रलाभ, in हितोपदेश. The deer was trapped in the net set by the owner of the field. The crow came in search of the deer. The crow saw the trapped deer. The deer narrated the account of a deceitful jackal.

The crow told the deer to pretend to be dead by blowing up its belly with air and told to keep legs stiff. The crow gave the deer an idea of running away. The deer followed likewise. The owner of the field thought the deer is certainly dead. So, he released the deer. At the same time, the crow made alarming sound and the deer ran away quickly. The crow’s wisdom and true friendship with the deer saved the deer’s life.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

11. अमरकोषात् समानार्थकं शब्द योजयित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
अरण्ये मृगः काकः च स्नेहेन निवसतः ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अरण्ये कुरङ्गः / वातायुः / हरिणः / अजिनयोनिः काकः च सेहेन निवसतः।

प्रश्न आ.
जम्बूकः तेन सह मृगस्य निवासस्थानं गतः ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
शृगालः / वञ्चकः / क्रोष्टा / फेरुः / फेरव: तेन सह मृगस्य निवासस्थानं गतः ।

प्रश्न इ.
मृगमन्विष्यन् काक: तत्र उपस्थितः ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मृगमन्विष्यन् करटः / अरिष्टः / बलिपुष्टः / सकृत्प्रज: तत्र उपस्थितः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

12. विरुद्धार्थकशब्द लिखत ।
दृढः, मैत्री, बद्धः, प्रभूतम् ।

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्द लिखत ।
दृढः, मैत्री, बद्धः, प्रभूतम् ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

  1. दृढः × शिथिलः।
  2. मैत्री × शत्रुत्वम्, वैरम्।
  3. बद्धः × मुक्तः ।
  4. प्रभूतम् × अल्पम, स्तोकम, स्वल्पम्, न्यूनम्।

उपक्रम :
1. पाठात् उपपदविभक्तियुक्तानि वाक्यानि चित्वा लिखत ।
2. पाठात् शतृरूपाणि चित्वा लिखत ।

Sanskrit Amod Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Additional Important Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम्।

(क) उचितं कारणं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
शृगालः मृगेण सह सख्यम् इच्छति यतः
(अ) शृगाल: मृगमांसं खादितुम् इच्छति।
(ब) शृगालः मृगे स्निह्यति।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) शृगाल: मृगमांसं खादितुम् इच्छति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

(ख) उचितं पर्यायं चित्वा वाक्यं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
शृगालः स्वार्थहतुना ………… सह मैत्रम् ऐच्छत्। (मृगेण / काकेन)
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः स्वार्थहतुना मगेण सह मैत्रम् ऐच्छत्।

(ग) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
क: चित्राङ्गम् अपश्यत्?
उत्तरम् :
गाल: चित्राङ्गम् अपश्यत्।

प्रश्न 2.
शृगालस्य नाम किम् आसीत्?
उत्तरम् :
शृगालस्य नाम क्षुद्रबुद्धिः आसीत्।

प्रश्न 3.
शृगालः किमर्थं मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत्?
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः स्वार्थहेतुं पूरयितुं मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न 4.
कदा क्षुद्रबुद्धिः निवासस्थानं गतः?
उत्तरम् :
अस्तङ्गते सवितरि क्षुद्रबुद्धिः निवासस्थानं गतः।

प्रश्न 5.
जम्बूकः किम् इच्छति?
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मृगशृगालयोः सख्यम् इच्छति।

(घ) वाक्यं पुनर्लिखित्वा सत्यम्/असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. अरण्ये एकाक्ष: नाम मृगः चित्राङ्ग नाम काक: निवसतः स्म।
  2. शुदबुद्धिः उदिते सवितरि (सूर्योदये) निवासस्थानं गतः।
  3. अकस्मात् आगन्तुना सह मैत्री युक्ता।

उत्तरम् :

  1. असत्यम्।
  2. असत्यम्।
  3. असत्यम्।

(च) कः कं वदति।

प्रश्न 1.
“सखे चित्राङ्ग, कोऽयं द्वितीयः?”
उत्तरम् :
काक: मृगं वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न 2.
“जम्बूकोऽयम्। अस्मत्सख्यम् इच्छति।”
उत्तरम् :
मृगः काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 3.
“अकस्मादागन्तुना सह मित्रता न युक्ता।”
उत्तरम् :
काक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 4.
मृगस्य प्रथमदर्शने भवानपि अपरिचितः एव आसीत्।
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 5.
यथायं मृगः मम बन्धुः तथा भवानपि।
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 6.
अलं विवादेन।
उत्तरम् :
मृग: काकशृगालौ वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न 7.
वयं सर्वे आनन्देन एकत्र निवसामः ।
उत्तरम् :
मृगः काकशृगाली वदति।

प्रश्न 8.
एवमस्तु।
उत्तरम् :
काकः मृगशृगाली वदति।

शब्दज्ञानम्।

(क) सन्धिविग्रहं कुरूत।

  1. चित्राङ्गो नाम – चित्राङ्गः + नाम ।
  2. एकाक्षो नाम – एकाक्ष: + नाम।
  3. काकश्च – काकः + च।
  4. केनापि – केन+अपि।
  5. कोऽयम् – क + अयम्।
  6. अकस्मादागन्तुना – अकस्मात् + आगन्तुना।
  7. तदाकर्ण्य – तत् + आकर्य।
  8. भवानपि – भवान् + अपि।
  9. यथायम् – यथा + अयम्।
  10. काकेनोक्तम् – काकेन + उक्तम्।
  11. एवमस्तु – एवम् + अस्तु।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

(ख) विशेषण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. भ्रमन् चित्राङ्गः
2. अस्त गते सवितर

(ग) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्वा / ट्वा / ढ्वा / इत्वा / अयित्वा ल्यबन्त अव्यय – उपसर्ग + धातु + य / त्य
आकर्य दृष्ट्वा

(घ) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

  • प्रथमा – मृगः, काकः, भ्रमन्, सः, अयम्, जम्बूकः, भवान्, बन्धुः, वयम्, सर्वे।
  • द्वितीया – सख्यम्, मित्रताम्।
  • तृतीया – स्नेहेन, केन, शृगालेन, हेतुना, मृगेण, आगन्तुना, विवादेन, आनन्देन, काकेन।
  • पञ्चमी – अस्मत्।
  • सप्तमी – वने, सवितरि, दर्शन।

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
1. शृगालः मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत्।
2. जम्बूक: सकोपम् आह।
उत्तरम् :
1. लङ्लकारः
2. लङ्लकार:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

क्रमेण योजयत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. मृगकाकयोः नेहेन निवासः।
  2. काकस्य उपदेशः।
  3. मृगकाकशृगालानाम् एकत्र निवासः।
  4. शुगालस्य मृगेण सह मित्रता।

उत्तरम् :

  1. मृगकाकयोः स्नेहेन निवासः।
  2. शृगालस्य मृगेण सह मित्रता।
  3. काकस्य उपदेशः।
  4. मृगकाकशृगालानाम् एका निवासः।

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः

  1. अरण्यम् – काननम्, वनम्, विपिनम्, अटवी।
  2. मृगः – हरिणः, कुरङ्गः, वातायुः, अजिनयोनिः ।
  3. काकः – वायसः, करटः, ध्वाक्षः, अरिष्टः, बलिपुष्टः, सकृत्प्रजः।
  4. शृगालः – जम्बूकः, वाकः, क्रोष्टा, फेरुः, फेरवः।

(क) उचितं कारणं चित्त्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
जम्बूक: मनसि आनन्दितः यतः
(अ) मृगः पाशे बद्धः।
(ब) जम्बूकस्य अन्येन सह मित्रता अभवत्।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) मृग: पाशे बद्धः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

(ख) उचितं पर्यायं चित्त्वा वाक्यं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. फलितं मे ……………..। (प्रयोजनम् / मनोरथम्)
  2. ………………. मम शरणम्। (शत्रवः / सुहद:)
  3. बने …………. क्षेत्रम् अस्ति। (सस्यविहीनं / सस्ययुक्त)

उत्तरम् :

  1. मनोरथम्
  2. सुहृदः
  3. सस्ययुक्तं

(ग) पूर्णवाक्येन लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
केन मृगस्य कृते पाशः योजितः?
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्रपतिना मृगस्य कृते पाश: योजितः।

प्रश्न 2.
मृगं पाशैर्बद्धं दृष्ट्वा क: मनसि आनन्दितः?
उत्तरम् :
मृगं पाशैर्वद्धं दृष्ट्वा जम्बूक: मनसि आनन्दितः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न 3.
जम्बूक: मनसि किम् अचिन्तयत्?
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मनसि अचिन्तयत्, ‘यत् फलितं मे मनोरथम्। इदानीं प्रभूतं भोजनं प्राप्स्यामि ।’

प्रश्न 4.
मृग: जम्बूकं दृष्ट्वा किम् अब्रवीत्?
उत्तरम् :
मृगः जम्बूकं दृष्ट्वा अब्रवीत्, “मित्र, छिन्धि तावन्मम बन्धनम्। त्रायस्व माम्।” इति ।

(घ) कः कं वदति।

प्रश्न 1.
दर्शयामि त्वाम्।
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 2.
दृढोऽयं बन्धः।
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मृगं वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न 3.
स्नायुनिर्मितान् पाशानेतान् कथं वा व्रतदिवसे स्मृशामि।
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूकः मृगं वदति।

(च) वाक्यं पुनलिखित्वा सत्यम् / असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. मृगः शृगालं सस्यपूर्ण क्षेत्रम् अदर्शयत्।
  2. मृगः प्रतिदिन क्षेत्रे सस्यम् अखादत्।
  3. जम्बूकः पाशैर्बद्धः।
  4. जम्बूक: मनसि खिन्नः जातः।
  5. जम्बूक: मृगं साहाय्यम् अकरोत्।
  6. जम्बूक: निभृतं स्थितः।

उत्तरम् :

  1. असत्यम्।
  2. सत्यम्।
  3. असत्यम्।
  4. असत्यम्।
  5. असत्यम्।
  6. सत्यम्।

शब्दज्ञानम् ।

(क) सन्धिविग्रहः।

  1. किञ्चित्कालानन्तरम् – किञ्चित् + कालानन्तरम् ।
  2. वनेऽस्मिन् – बने + अस्मिन्।
  3. क्षेत्रमस्ति – क्षेत्रम् + अस्ति ।
  4. तत्रागतः – तत्र + आगतः।
  5. पाशैर्बद्धः – पाशैः + बद्धः।
  6. मित्राण्येव – मित्राणि + एव।
  7. सोऽचिन्तयत् – स: + अचिन्तयत्।
  8. मृगस्तम् – मृगः + तम्।
  9. तावन्मम – तावत् + मम।
  10. जम्बूको दूरादेवावदत् – जम्बूक: + दुरात् + एव + अवदत्।
  11. दृढोऽयम् – दृढ : + अयम्।
  12. पाशानेतान् – पाशान् + एतान्।
  13. इत्युक्त्वा . इति + उक्त्वा ।
  14. समीपमेव – समीपम् + एव।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

(ख) विशेषाण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः।

विशेषणम् विशेष्यम्
1. सस्यपूर्णम् क्षेत्रम्
2. मगः बद्धः
3. प्रभूतम भोजनम्
4. स्नायुनिर्मितान् पाशान्

(ग) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा/ध्वा/ट्वा/वा/इत्वा/अयित्वा
दृष्ट्वा, उक्त्वा

(घ) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

  • प्रथमा – शृगालः, पाशः, सः, जम्बूकः, अयम्, बन्धः, मिवाणि।
  • द्वितीया – मृगम्, क्षेत्रम्, एकम, त्वाम्, भोजनम्, तम्, माम, पाशान, एतान्।
  • तृतीया – क्षेत्रपतिना, पाशैः।
  • पशमी – दूरात्। षष्ठी – वृक्षस्य, मम।
  • सप्तमी – एकस्मिन्, दिने, मनसि, व्रतदिवसे।
  • सम्बोधन – मित्र।

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
1. प्रभूतं भोजनं प्राप्स्यामि।
2. त्रायस्व माम्।
उत्तरम् :
1. लृट्लकार:
2. लोट्लकार:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

क्रमेण योजयत।

(क)

प्रश्न 1.

  1. क्षेत्रपतिना पाशयोजनम्।
  2. शृगालेन मृगाय सस्यपूर्णक्षेत्रस्य दर्शनम्।
  3. मृगस्य पाशबन्धनम्।
  4. मृगस्य प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गमनम्।

उत्तरम् :

  1. शृगालेन मृगाय सस्यपूर्णक्षेत्रस्य दर्शनम्।
  2. मृगस्य प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गमनम्।
  3. क्षेत्रपतिना पाशयोजनम्।
  4. मृगस्य पाशबन्धनम्।

(ख)

प्रश्न 1.

  1. मृगः पाशैर्बद्धः।
  2. मृगः सस्यम् अखादत्।
  3. जम्बूक; मनसि आनन्दितः।
  4. क्षेत्रपतिना पाश: योजितः।

उत्तरम् :

  1. मृगः सस्यम् अखादत्।
  2. क्षेत्रपतिना पाश: योजितः।
  3. मृगः पाशैर्बद्धः।
  4. जम्बूक: मनसि आनन्दितः ।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः

  1. कालः – समयम, वेला।
  2. प्रत्यहम् – प्रतिदिनम्।
  3. सस्यम् – धान्यम्।
  4. गत्वा उपगम्य।
  5. क्षेत्रपतिः – सस्यपालः।
  6. इदानीम् – सम्पति, साम्प्रतम्।
  7. मनसि – चित्ते, चेतसि, अन्त:करणे।
  8. आनन्दितः – प्रमुदितः, हर्षितः, प्रहृष्टः।
  9. मनोरथम् – मनोकामना, मनीषा, ईहा।
  10. प्रभूतम् – भूरि, विपुलम्, पुष्कलम्, प्रचुरम्।

(ख) विरुद्धार्थकशब्दाः

1. अनन्तरम् × पूर्वम्, प्राक्।

अवबोधनम् ।

(क) उचितं कारणं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
मृगः क्षेत्रपतिना बद्धः यतः ……….
(अ) मृगः क्षेत्रपतेः शत्रुः आसीत्।
(ब) मृगः सुहद्वाक्यस्य अनादरम् अकरोत्।
उत्तरम् :
(ब) मृगः सुहृद्वाक्यस्य अनादरम् अकरोत्।

प्रश्न 2.
शृगालः हत: यत:
(अ) क्षेत्रपतिना लगुडं क्षिप्तम्।
(ब) काकः शृगालम् अमारयत्।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) क्षेत्रपतिना लगुडं क्षिप्तम्।

प्रश्न 3.
क्षेत्रपतिः मृगं बन्धनात् व्यमुशत् यतः
(अ) सः ‘मृगः मृतः’ इति चिन्तितवान् ।
(ब) पाशबद्धं मृगं दृष्ट्वा तस्य हृदयं करुणया अद्रवत्।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) सः ‘मृगः मृतः’ इति चिन्तितवान्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

(ख) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
क्षेत्रपतिः कदा हस्ते लगुडं धृत्वा आगच्छत् ?
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्रपतिः प्रभाते हस्ते लगुडं धृत्वा आगच्छत्।

प्रश्न 2.
केन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकित:?
उत्तरम् :
काकेन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकितः।

प्रश्न 3.
क्षेत्रपतिना मृगं विलोक्य किम् उक्तम्?
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्रपतिना मृगं विलोक्य उक्तं, “आ ! स्वयं मृतोऽसि।”

प्रश्न 4.
मृगः कदा पलायित:?
उत्तरम् :
काकशब्द श्रुत्वा मृग: पलायितः।

(ग) वाक्यं पुनलिखित्वा सत्यम् / असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. काकः सायङ्काले मृगमन्विष्यन् आगतः।
  2. मृगः मृतः आसीत्।
  3. मृगः मृतवत् संदर्शयत्।
  4. मृगः शनैः शनै: पलायितः।
  5. क्षेत्रपतिना क्षिप्तेन लगुडेन जम्बूक: हतः।
  6. क्षेत्रपति: मृगं बन्धनात् व्यमुञ्चत्।

उत्तरम् :

  1. सत्यम्।
  2. असत्यम्।
  3. सत्यम्।
  4. असत्यम्।
  5. सत्यम्।
  6. सत्यम्।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

(घ) कः कं वदति?

प्रश्न 1.
“सखे ! किमेतत् ?”
उत्तरम् :
काक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 2.
सुहद्वाक्यस्य अनादरात् बद्धोऽहम्।
उत्तरम् :
मृग: काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 3.
मन्मांसार्थी तिष्ठति अत्रैव ।
उत्तरम् :
मृग: काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 4.
उपायस्तावत् चिन्तनीयः।
उत्तरम् :
काकः मृगं वदति।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

प्रश्न 5.
त्वमात्मानं मृतवत्संदर्शय।
उत्तरम् :
काकः मृगं वदति।

शब्दज्ञानम्

(क) सन्धिविग्रहः।

  1. मृगमन्विष्यन् – मृगम् + अन्विष्यन् ।
  2. काकस्तत्रोपस्थितः – काक: + तत्र + उपस्थितः।
  3. किमेतत् – किम् + एतत्।
  4. बद्धोऽहम् – बद्धः + अहम्।
  5. स्वास्ते – क्व + आस्ते।
  6. तिष्ठत्यत्रैव – तिष्ठति + अत्र + एव।
  7. उपायस्तावत् उपाय: + तावत्।
  8. क्षेत्रपतिलगुडहस्तः – क्षेत्रपतिः + लगुडहस्तः।
  9. काकेनावलोकितः – काकेन + अवलोकितः।
  10. तमालोक्य – तम् + आलोक्य।
  11. काकेनोक्तम् – काकेन + उक्तम्।
  12. त्वमात्मानम् – त्वम् + आत्मानम्।
  13. मृतवत्संदर्शय – मृतवत् + संदर्शय।
  14. पादास्तब्धीकृत्य – पादान् + स्तब्धीकृत्य ।
  15. यदाहम् – यदा + अहम्।
  16. त्वमुत्थाय – त्वम् + उत्थाय।
  17. मृगस्तथैव – मृग: + तथा + एव।
  18. उक्तञ्च – उक्त म् + च।
  19. तमुद्दिश्य – तम् + उहिश्य।
  20. शृगालस्तावद् हतः – शृगालः + तावत् + हतः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

(ग) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि ।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्वा / ट्वा / ढ्वा / इत्वा / अयित्वा ल्यबन्त अव्यय उपसर्ग + धातु + या / त्य
दृष्ट्वा, पूरयित्वा, श्रुत्वा आलोक्य, स्तब्धीकृत्य, उद्दिश्य, उत्थाय

(घ) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि ।

  • प्रथमा – काकः, सः,अहम, यः, नरः, वञ्चकः, क्षेत्रपतिः, आगच्छन्, त्वम्, मृगः, शृगालः।
  • द्वितीया – मृगम्, किम्, एतत्, तम्, आत्मानम्, उदरम्, पादान्, शब्दम्।
  • तृतीया – मृगेण, काकेन, वातेन, क्षेत्रपतिना, लगुडेन।
  • पञ्चमी – अनादरात्, बन्धनात्।
  • षष्ठी – वाक्यस्य, सुहृदाम, हितकामानाम, तस्य।
  • सप्तमी – प्रदोषकाले, प्रभाते।
  • सम्बोधन – सखे, मृग।

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

  1. मृगं तथाविधं दृष्ट्वा स उवाच।
  2. स वशक: क्व आस्ते?
  3. त्वमात्मानं मृतवत्संदर्शय।
  4. सत्वरं पलायिष्यसे।
  5. सः मृगं बन्धनात् व्यमुञ्चत्।

उत्तरम् :

  1. लिट्लकारः
  2. लट्लकारः
  3. लोट्लकार:
  4. लट्लकारः
  5. लङ्लकार:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

क्रमेण योजयत।

(क)

प्रश्न 1.

  1. मृगः मृतवत् स्थितः ।
  2. शृगाल: लगुडेन हतः।
  3. काकेन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकितः।
  4. काकेन शब्दः कृतः।

उत्तरम् :

  1. काकेन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकितः।
  2. मृगः मृतवत् स्थितः।
  3. काकेन शब्दः कृतः।
  4. शृगाल: लगुडेन हतः।

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः

  1. प्रदोषकालः – सन्ध्याकालः।
  2. सुहृद् – सखा, मित्रम्।
  3. विपत् – आपत्तिः, सङ्कटम्।
  4. आलोक्य – अवलोक्य, विलोक्य, वीक्ष्य।
  5. वातेन – पवनेन, वायुना।
  6. सत्वरम् – शीघ्रम्, तूर्णम्, झटिति, आशु।

(ख) विरुद्धार्थकशब्दाः

  1. सुहद् × शत्रुः, अरिः, वैरी।
  2. अनादरात् × आदरात्।
  3. मृतः × जीवितः।
  4. सत्वरम् × शनैः शनैः।

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

लेखनकौशलम्

समासाः

समस्तपदम् अर्थ समासविग्रहः समासनाम
मृगशृगालो deer and jackal मृगः च शृगाल: च। इतरेतर द्वन्द्व समास
प्रत्यहम् every day अहनि अहनि। अव्ययीभाव समास
सकोपम् with anger कोपेन सह। अव्ययीभाव समास
अपरिचितः not known न परिचितः। नञ्तत्पुरुष समास
क्षेत्रपतिः owner of the field(s) क्षेत्रस्य / क्षेत्राणां पतिः। षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास
क्षुदबुद्धिः he who has mean intellect क्षुद्रा बुद्धिः यस्य सः। बहुव्रीहि समास
लगुडहस्तः he who hasastick in the hand लगुडं हस्ते यस्य सः। बहुव्रीहि समास

व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Summary in Marathi and English

Introduction:

हितोपदेश is an ancient Indian text in Sanskrit language consisting of fables of animals and human Characters. It incorporates maxims, wordly wisdoms and morals on political affairs in a simple and entertaining manner.

नारायण पंडित is considered to be the author of this book. His purpose behind composing हीतोपदेश is to give knowledge to be wise. This is done through moral stories in which birds, beasts and humans interact. हितोपदेश has four sections – मित्रलाभ, सुहृद्भेद, विग्रह, सन्धि.

The story of the lesson व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा is found in the chapter 1.3 of “मित्रलाभ’. The repercussion of trusting strangers is well brought out through the story of deer, jackal and crow.

प्रस्तावना :

हितोपदेश हे प्राणी व मानवी पात्रांनी युक्त कथांचे भारतीय पुस्तक आहे. यात नीतिसूत्रे, उपदेशात्मक वचने, तसेच राजकीय संबंधावर आधारित मूल्ये यांचे सहज व रोचक पद्धतीने स्पष्टीकरण केलेले आहे. नारायण पंडित हा या ग्रंथाचा कर्ता मानला जातो. योग्य आचरण शिकवणे हा त्याचा यामागील हेतू आहे. पक्षी, प्राणी व मानव यांच्या परस्पर संभाषणातून हे त्याने व्यक्त केले आहे.

हितोपदेशाचे चार भाग आहेत.

  1. मित्रलाभ
  2. सुहृद्भेद
  3. विग्रह
  4. सन्धि

‘व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा’ या पाठाचा कथाभाग ‘मित्रलाभ’ या भागातील 1.3 या प्रकरणात सापडतो. अनोळखी व्यक्तीवर विश्वास ठेवल्याचे दुष्परिणाम हरिण, कोल्हा व कावळ्याच्या गोष्टीद्वारे उत्तमरीत्या कथन केले आहेत.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

परिच्छेदः, शब्दार्थाः, अनुवादः

परिच्छेदः 1

अस्ति कश्चित् ……………. एवमस्तु।.

अनुवादः

चंपक नावाचे एक जंगल होते. जंगलात चित्रांग नावाचे हरिण व एकाक्ष नावाचा कावळा प्रेमाने (एकत्र) राहत होते. एकदा चित्रांग वनात भटकत असताना कोण्या एका कोल्ह्याने त्याला पाहिले. क्षुद्रबुद्धी नावाच्या त्या कोल्ह्याची स्वार्थापोटी हरिणाबरोबर मैत्री करण्याची इच्छा होती. सूर्यास्त झाल्यावर, क्षुद्रबुद्धी हरिणाबरोबर हरिणाच्या घरी गेला.

हरिण व कोल्ह्याला पाहून कावळा म्हणाला, “अरे मित्रा चित्रांग! ह्य दुसरा कोण आहे ?” हरिण म्हणाले, “हा कोल्हा आहे. त्याला आपल्याबरोबर मैत्री करण्याची इच्छा आहे.” (त्यावर) कावळा म्हणाला “अचानक आलेल्या अपरिचितासोबत मैत्री योग्य नव्हे.” ते ऐकून कोल्हा रागाने म्हणाला, “हरिणाच्या प्रथमदर्शनी तू सुद्धा अनोळखी होतास. ज्याप्रमाणे हे हरिण माझ्या मित्रासमान आहे, त्याप्रमाणे तू आहेस.” हरिण म्हणाले, “(हा) वाद पुरे! आपण सर्व आनंदाने एकत्र राहूया.” कावळा म्हणाला, “असेच होवो.”

There was a certain forest named चंपक. A deer named चित्रांग and acrow named एकाक्ष used to live in the forest affectionately. Once, a certain jackal saw fait who was wandering in the forest. That jackal named yoga wished to befriend the deer with a selfish purpose.

At the time of sunset ya went to deer’s place with the deer. The crow said having seen the dear and the jackal, “Ofriend चित्रांग ! Who is this second (another) one?” The deer said, “This is a jackal. He wishes our friendship.”

(He wishes to befriend us.) The crow advised, “Friendship with a stranger, suddenly, is not appropriate.” Having heard it, the jackal angrily said, “At first sight you were stranger as well. Just as this deer is my friend so too are you.” The deer said, “Enough of this arguement. All of us will live together happily.” The crow said, “May it be so.”

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

परिच्छेदः 2.

किश्चित्कालानन्तरं ……………… स्थितः।

अनुवादः

मराठी थोड्या वेळानंतर, कोल्हा हरिणाला म्हणाला, ‘या अरण्यात धान्याने भरलेले एक शेत आहे. मी तुला दाखवतो.’ तसे केल्यावर, दररोज हरिण तेथे जाऊन धान्य खात असे. ते पाहून, एके दिवशी शेतमालकाने जाळे टाकले. तेथे आलेले हरिण जाळ्यामध्ये अडकले. त्याने विचार केला, “आता फक्त मित्रच माझा आसरा आहेत.” दूरवरून ते पाहणारा कोल्हा मनातून खूष झाला.

त्याने विचार केला, “माझे ईप्सित फळास आले. आता मला पुष्कळ खाद्य मिळेल.” ते पाहून हरिण म्हणाले, “अरे मित्रा, माझे हे बंध तोडून टाक. मला वाचव.” कोल्हा लांबूनच म्हणाला, “अरे मित्रा, हे बंध (फार) घट्ट आहेत, मी स्नायूंनी बनविलेल्या जाळ्याला उपवासाच्या दिवशी कसे तोंड लावू?” असे म्हणून तो जवळ असलेल्या झाडाच्या मागे स्थिर उभा राहिला.

After some time, the jackal said to the deer, “There is a field, full of grains in this forest. I(will) show (it) to you.’ Having done so, the deer ate the grain, going there everyday. Having seen this, one day a trap was set by the owner of the field. The dear, who had come (arrived) there, was trapped in the net.

He thought, “Now, my friends only are my resort.” The jackal, who was seeing it from a far was delighted in the mind. He thought, “My desire is fulfilled. Now I shall get plenty of food.” Having seen it, the deer said, “O friend, cut through my bonds. Please save me.” The jackal replied from a far “Ofriend, this bond is strong. How can I touch the net made of sinews on my fasting day?” Having said this, he stood steady behind the tree that was nearby.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

परिच्छेदः 3.

प्रदोषकाले …………………हतः।

अनुवादः

तिन्हीसांजेच्या वेळी (सायंकाळी), हरिणाला शोधत कावळा तेथे हजर झाला. हरिणाला तशा प्रकारे पाहून तो म्हणाला, “अरे मित्रा ! हे काय?” हरिण म्हणाले, “मित्राच्या शब्दांची अवहेलना केल्यामुळे (शब्दांकडे दुर्लक्ष केल्यामुळे) मी अडकलो.

मराठी आणि म्हटलेले आहे – जो हितचिंतक मित्रांचे शब्द (सल्ला) ऐकत नाही, त्याच्याजवळ विपत्ती (निवास करते), अशी व्यक्ती शजूंना आनंदित करते.” (शत्रुत्व ओढवून घेते) कावळा म्हणाला, “तो (कपटी) फसविणारा कोठे आहे?” हरिण म्हणाले, “माझ्या मांसाच्या हावेने इथेच थांबला आहे.”

कावळा म्हणाला, ‘तर मग (यावर) उपाय शोधला पाहिजे.’ नंतर सकाळी, हातामध्ये काठी घेऊन येणाऱ्या शेतमालकाला कावळ्याने पाहिले. त्याला पाहून कावळा म्हणाला, “मित्रा हरिणा, तू स्वत:ला मेल्यासारखा दाखव.” (तुझे) पोट हवेने फुगवून पाय स्थिर ठेव.

जेव्हा मी आवाज करेन / ओरडेन, तेव्हा तू उठून पटकन पळ.” हरिण तसेच थांबले. शेतमालकाने हरिणाला पाहिले व म्हणाला, “बापरे ! तू तर मेलेला आहेस.” त्याने हरिणाला जाळ्यातून मुक्त केले. नंतर, कावळ्याचे ओरडणे ऐकल्यावर हरिण पटकन पळून गेले. शेताच्या मालकाने त्याला (हरिणाला) रोखून फेकलेल्या काठीने कोल्हा मारला गेला.

English At nightfall, the crow arrived there looking for the deer. Seeing the deer so (trapped) he said, “O friend! What is this?” The deer said, “I was caught (trapped) due to disregarding a friend’s words (advice).

and it is said The one who does not listen to words/advice of friends well-wishing, the calamity is placed close to him. That person is the delight of enemies. The crow said, “where is the deceiver ?” The deer said, “(He) is waiting here itself longing for my flesh.” The crow said, ‘We must think of a solution.’ Then in the morning, the crow saw the owner of the field coming with a stick in the hand.

Seeing him, the crow said, “O friend deer, pretend as if you are dead. Blow your belly with air, stiffen your legs and lie still. When I shall make a sound then, having stood up, you run away quickly The deer stayed accordingly. The owner of the field saw the deer and said, “Oh ! You are dead on your own.” He released the deer from the bonds.

Then, listening to the sound of the crow, the deer ran away quickly. Meanwhile, the stick which was thrown towards the deer by the owner of the field, killed the jackal.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 Sanskrit Amod Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा

शब्दार्थाः

  1. मृग – deer – हरिण
  2. काकः – crow – कावळा
  3. जम्बूकः – jackal – कोल्हा
  4. अवलोकितः – was seen – पाहिले
  5. अपरिचितः – stranger – अनोळखी
  6. कक्षित् – certain – कोणी एक
  7. भ्रमन् – roaming, wandering – भटकत असताना
  8. सख्यम् – friendship – मैत्री
  9. युक्ता – proper – योग्य
  10. शृगालेन – by jackal – कोल्ह्याने
  11. स्नेहेन – affectionately प्रेमाने
  12. स्वाहतुना – with selfish purpose – स्वार्थापोटी
  13. प्रथमदर्शने – at the first sight – प्रथमदर्शनी
  14. अस्तङ्गते – at the time of sunset – सूर्यास्त
  15. सवितरि – झाल्यावर
  16. निवसतः स्म – both used to live – दोघे राहत होते
  17. अबूत – said – म्हणाला
  18. अब्रवीत् – said – म्हणाला
  19. उक्तम् – said – म्हणाला
  20. आह – said – म्हणाला
  21. आकर्ण्य – having heard – ऐकून
  22. अकस्मात् – at once – अचानक
  23. सकोपम् – angrily – रागाने
  24. आगन्तुना सह – with a stranger – अनोळखी माणसासह
  25. दृढः – strong – घट्ट
  26. बन्धः – bond – बंध
  27. पाश: – noose – जाळे
  28. योजितः – arranged – व्यवस्था केली
  29. बद्धः – got stuck/caught – अडकले
  30. सस्यपूर्णम् – full of grains – धान्ययुक्त
  31. क्षेत्रम् – field – शेत
  32. शरणम् – resort – आश्रयस्थान, आसरा
  33. फलितम् – fulfilled – फळास आले
  34. मनोरथम् – desire – ईप्सित/इच्छा
  35. स्नायुनिर्मितान् – made of sinews – स्नायूंनी बनलेले
  36. क्षेत्रपतिना – by the field-owner – शेतमालकाने
  37. व्रतदिवसे – on the day of fast – उपवासादिवशी
  38. दर्शयामि – I show – मी दाखवतो
  39. प्रापयामि – I shall get – मला मिळेल
  40. छिन्धि – you break – तू तोड
  41. जायस्व – you save – तू वाचव
  42. प्रत्यहम् – every day – दररोज
  43. इदानीम् – now – आता
  44. प्रभूतम् – plenty of – भरपूर
  45. निभृतम् – still – निश्चल
  46. तथा कृते – having done so – तसे केल्यावर
  47. उपस्थितः – arrived – हजर झाला
  48. वञ्चक: – crooked / deceitful – फसविणारा
  49. लगुडहस्त: – stick in the hand – काठी हातात घेतलेला
  50. हतः – killed – मेलेला
  51. अन्विष्यन् – searching – शोधत
  52. विपत् – calamity – संकट
  53. सन्निहिता – placed close by – जवळ
  54. मृतवत् – like dead – मेल्यासारखा
  55. सुङद्वाक्यम् – friend’s speech – मित्राचे बोलणे
  56. वातेन – with air – हवेने
  57. क्षिप्तेन – thrown – फेकलेल्या
  58. अनादरात् – due to disrespecting – अवहेलना केल्यामुळे
  59. हितकामानाम् – of well-wishers – हितचिंतकांचे
  60. प्रदोषकाले – at the nightfall – तिन्हीसांजेला
  61. शृणोति – listens – ऐकतो
  62. पलायिष्यसे – you will run – पळशील
  63. व्यमुञ्चत् – released – मुक्त केले
  64. अब्रूत – said – म्हणाला
  65. संदर्शय – appear – दाखव
  66. उद्दिश्य – pointing – रोखून
  67. उत्थाय – having got up – उठून
  68. आलोक्य – seeing – पाहून
  69. स्तब्धीकृत्य – keeping still – स्थिर / स्तब्ध राहून
  70. क्व – where – कोठे
  71. उदरं पूरयित्वा – blowing the belly – पोट भरून
  72. मन्मांसार्थी – longing for my flesh – माझ्या मांसाच्या हावेने

Mass Media and History Question Answer Class 10 History Chapter 5 Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 5 Mass Media and History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 10 History Chapter 5 Question Answer Mass Media and History Maharashtra Board

Class 10 History Chapter 5 Mass Media and History Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 10 Chapter 5 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Mass Media And History Class 10 Question 1.
(A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.

(1) The first English newspaper in India was started by ………………………….. .
(a) James Augustus Hickey
(b) John Marshall
(c) Allen Hume
Answer:
(a) James Augustus Hickey

Maharashtra Board Solutions

(2) Television is an ………………………….. medium.
(a) visual
(b) audio
(c) audio-visual
Answer:
(c) audio-visual

(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) ‘Prabhakar’ – Acharya P.K. Atre
(2) ‘Darpan’ – Balshastri Jambhekar
(3) ‘Deenbandhu’ – Krishnarao Bhalekar
(4) ‘Kesari’ – Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer:
(1) Wrong Pair: ‘Prabhakar’ – Acharya P.K. Atre

Mass Media And History Class 10 Question 2.
Write short notes :
(1) The role of newspaper in the Indian struggle for independence
Answer:
Newspapers played an important role in the Indian independence struggle. It is as follows

  • Newspapers served as an important medium to create awareness during those times.
  • They described greatness of Indian culture and history to gather support of masses for the freedom movement.
  • They supported social, political and religious movements and opposed imperialism.
  • They discussed various social and political issues.
  • The ideas of social reformers and various organisations active in independence struggle reached people through newspapers.

(2) Why do we need mass media?
Answer:
Mass media includes print and electronic and various new media.

  • It facilitated free flow of information to all strata of the society and brought the world closer.
  • Editorials, various columns and supplements are essential parts of newspapers.
  • Readers also get a platform to voice their opinions. In fact, newspapers can help to make democracy stronger.
  • Akashrani broadcasted various programmes of the government as well entertainment.
  • Awareness creating programmes. It fulfill the need of the government to connect with people.
  • Television is an Audio-Visual medium which has made it possible to cross the inherent limitations of newspapers.
  • Radio to show the actual visuals of an event to people.
  • Mass Media is very important as it plays an important role to strengthen democracy.

(3) Mass Media and professional opportunities.
Answer:
There are many professional opportunities available in printed, electronic and digital media.

  • Writers, columnists, editors are required to write articles, columns and editorials in news-papers.
  • Newspapers also require reporters to gather news and technicians to work in the press.
  • There is requirement of actors and technicians in electronic media.
  • Artists are required to present programmes on television, in the same way news presenters, anchors are required.
  • If the articles, columns and programmes are based on history, an expert in history is required.

Mass Media And History Class 10 Question Answer Question 3.
Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Any information received through mass media needs to be reviewed critically.
Answer:

  • Information provided in the media may not represent the exact truth. We need to scan it carefully.
  • We have to understand idealistic and investigative motives of newspapers, government policies and prevailing social conditions behiid the newspiece.
  • The information received through Mass Media might be prejudiced or give a one-sided idea.
  • ‘Stern’, a German weekly magazine, purchased and published a number of so called handwritten diaries of Hitler.
  • It then sold them to a number of publication companies.
  • However, later it was proved that those diaries were forged. Hence it is essential to verily the information received through Mass Media.

(2) Knowledge of history is essential for newspaper articles.
Answer:

  1. In order to unfold the background of an event in the news, we have to resort to history.
  2. Some columns are based on historical events. These columns provide historical information about economical, social and political events in the past.
  3. Newspapers publish supplements in addition to the regular edition or special issues to mark the completion of 50 or 100 years of an event. On such occasions, one has to review history of that particular event.
  4. Even while writing columns like what happened in history on this day it is necessary to know past event. Hence, the knowledge of history is essential for writings of such type.

(3) Television is the most popular medium.
Answer:

  • Television being an audio-visual medium brings us into contact with events in an exciting and clarifying way.
  • It crossed the inherent limitations of newspapers and radio to show actual visuals.
  • It becomes possible for people to watch all the national and international events sitting at home.
  • Social problems, discussion on education and economics and political events are viewed by people.
  • In 1991, Indian government granted permission to private, national and international channels to telecast in India.
  • Television became a treasure house of entertainment.

Therefore, the television is the most popular medium.

Class 10 History Chapter 5 Questions And Answers Ssc Board Question 4.
Read the following extract and answer the questions.
Radio: ‘Indian Broadcasting Company’ (IBC), a private radio company was the first one to broadcast daily programmes. Later the same company was taken over by the British Government and named as, ‘Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS). On 8th June 1936 it was renamed, as ‘All India Radio (AIR)’.

After Independence, AIR became an integral part of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India). Initially, it broadcasted Governmental programmes and schemes. It was named as ‘Akashvani’ on the suggestion of the famous poet Pandit Narendra Sharma. Akashvani broadcasts various entertainment, awareness creating and literary programmes. It also broadcasts special programmes for farmers, workers, the youth and women. The ‘Vividh Bharati’ programmes are broadcasted in 24 regional languages as well as 146 dialects of Indian languages. Lately, various new channels like ‘Radio Mirchi’ are providing radio services.

(1) Akashavani (AIR) is an integral part of which ministry?
Answer:

  1. Indian Broadcasting Company, a private radio company was taken over by the British Government in 1927 and named ‘Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS)’. On 8th June 1936, it was renamed as ‘All India Radio (AIR)’.
  2. AIR became integral part of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting after independence. It was renamed Akashvani on the suggestion of Pandit Narendra Sharma.
  3. Initially it used to broadcast Government’s programmes and schemes. Later it started broadcasting various entertainment, awareness creating and literary programmes.
  4. Akashvani started ‘Vividh Bharati1 programmes. It broadcasts special programmes for farmers, workers, the youth and women.
  5. Vividh Bharati Programmes are broadcast in 24 regional languages and 146 dialects.

(2) What was the new name of IBC?
Answer:
Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) was taken over by the British Government. It was named as the Indian State Broadcasting Services. (ISBS). On 8th June 1936, it was renamed as ‘All India Radio’ (AIR).

(3) In how many regional languages and local dialects are ‘Vividh Bharati’ programmes broadcasted?
Answer:
People get access to news through social media like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and from web news portals, web channels. This information is available in English and many other languages.

(4) How AIR was named ‘Akashavani’?
Answer:
AIR was named as Akashvani on the suggestion of the famous poet Pandit Narendra Sharma.

Question 5.
Complete the following concept chart.

Newspapers Radio Television
Beginning/Background
Nature of information/programmes
Functions

Answer:

Newspapers Radio Television
Background/Beginning James Augustus Hickey started Calcutta General Advertiser or Bengal Gazette on 29th January, 1780. It was the first newspaper in English. A private radio station was started known as Indian Broadcasting Company. First Doordarshan centre was started in Delhi.
Information Programmes News, articles, columns, opinions of the people, editorials, advertisements etc. are published. Along with entertainment programmes, have literary, informative programmes on farmers, women and educative values. Events around the world, movies, music, information about environmental and historical places, sports are shown either live or recorded.
Functions (1) Report daily news
(2) Public awareness and mass education.
(3) Provide information and strengthen democracy.
(4) Oppose injustice and give publicity to developmental work.
(1) Provide news from different sectors.
(2) Entertain through music, dramas, songs, etc.
(3) Present social problems and educate the masses about it.
(4) Conduct discussions on various issues ranging from the environment to culture.
(1) Telecast daily events and entertain.
(2) Educate the masses.
(3) Publicise programmes which are for social benefit.
(4) Bring about social awakening opposing evil traditions and practices.

Project
Write a review of a historical serial that you have watched.

Memory Map
Maharashtra Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 5 Mass Media and History 1

Question 6.
Complete the sentences by choosing a correct option:
(a) ………………….. is the first newspaper in Marathi.
(a) Deenbandhu
(b) Prabhakar
(c) Darpan
(d) Kesari
Answer:
(c) Darpan

(b) 6th January is celebrated as ………………….. day in Maharashtra.
(a) Periodical Day
(b) Newspaper Day
(c) Printing Day
(d) Journalist Day
Answer:
(d) Journalist Day

(c) The letters ‘Shatpatre1 published in Prabhakar were written by ………………….. .
(a) Lokmanya Tilak
(b) Lokhitvadi
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Justice Ranade
Answer:
(b) Lokhitvadi.

(d) The honour of printing illustrations for the first time in an Indian newspaper goes to ………………….. .
(a) Dnyanoday
(b) Darpan
(c) Prabhakar
(d) Kesari
Answer:
(a) Dnyanoday

(e) Deenbandhu was started by ………………….. who was a close associate of Mahatma Phule.
(a) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
(b) Lokmanya Tilak %
(c) Narayan Meghaji Lokhande
(d) Krishnarao Bhalekar
Answer:
(d) Krishnarao Bhalekar

(f) ………………….. newspaper was started by Agarkar and Lokmanya Tilak.
(a) Deenbandhu and Induprakash
(b) Darpan and Prabhakar
(c) Dnyanoday and .Digdarshan
(d) Kesari and Maratha
Answer:
(d) Kesari and Maratha

(g) Balshastri Jambhekar started ………………….. the first monthly magazine in Marathi.
(a) Digdarshan
(b) Prabhakar
(c) Darpan
(d) Dnyanoday
Answer:
(a) Digdarshan

(h) ………………….. was acknowledged as the fourth pillar of democracy.
(a) Representatives
(b) Periodicals
(c) Newspaper
(d) Books
Answer:
(c) Newspaper.

(i) The first English news bulletin was broadcast on 23rd July, 1927 from the …………………… radio station.
(a) Kolkata
(b) Madras
(c) Mumbai
(d) Dblhi
Answer:
(c) Mumbai

(j) Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India inaugurated the …………………… Doordarshan centre.
(a) Mumbai
(b) Bangalore
(c) Lucknow
(d) Delhi
Answer:
(d) Delhi

(k) Newspapers published special supplements or a special issue to commemorate occasions like completion of seventy-five years of …………………… in 2017.
(a) Khilafat Movement
(b) Non Co-operation Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Quit India Movement
Answer:
(d) Quit India Movement

(l) ……………………, a German weekly magazine, had purchased a number of so called handwritten diaries that were later proved forged.
(a) Time Magazine
(b) Statesman
(c) Stern
(d) Reuters
Answer:
(c) Stern

(m) Akashvani has preserved recordings of all speeches delivered by the …………………… on 15th August.
(a) President
(b) Wee President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Army General
Answer:
(c) Prime Minister

(n) Akashwani comes under the Ministry of …………………… of the Indian Government.
(a) Social welfare
(b) Human Resource and Development
(c) Information and Broadcasting
(d) Education Technology
Answer:
(c) Information and Broadcasting.

Question 7.
Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:

Newspaper Editor
(1)  Prabhakar

(2)  Darpan

(3)  Deenbandhu

(4)  Kesari

(a)   Acharya R K. Atre

(b)   Balshastri Jambhekar

(c)  Krishnarao Bhalekar

(d)   Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer:
Wrong pair: Prabhakar – Acharya R K. Atre

(2)

Newspaper Issues
(1)  Prabhakar

(2)  Induprakash

(3)  Deenbandhu

(4)  Kesari

(a)   History of French revolution

(b)  Advocated widow re­marriage

(c)  Information on Telegraph

(d)   Voiced social and political problems.

Answer:
Wrong pair Deenbandhu – Information on Telegraph

(3)

Newspaper/Magazine/Book Editor
(1) Pragati (a) Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar
(2) Digdarshan (b) Narendra Sharma
(3) Deenbandhu (c) Krishnarao Bhalekar
(4) Discovery of India (d) Pandit Nehru

Answer:
Wrong pair: Digdarshan – Narendra Sharma

Question 8.
Do as directed:
(a) Complete the graphical description

Answer:

(2)

Answer:

(b) Show the progress of Indian television Time-line:

Answer:

Question 9.
Explain the following concepts:

(a) Electronic or Digital Journalism or Web Journalism.
Answer:

  1. In the modem times, the computer and internet have become indispensable parts of printing and publishing process. Computer technology has led to the widespread practice of digital journalism.
  2. Websites run by newspapers are basically extensions of newspapers themselves. Modern periodicals are part of electronic or digital journalism.
  3. People get access to news through social media like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and from web news portals, web channels. This information is available in English and many other languages.
  4. Journalists working in this area today have to have many more skills than in the past when writing was the only requirement. Information available on these mediums should be reviewed critically and used with utmost care.

(b) E-newspapers
Answer:

  1. In recent times, e-newspapers have got prominent place in mass media.
  2. E-newspaper is not exactly like the printed one. In e-newspapers, news comes in sequence and not based on the nature and the importance of the news, like in printed newspaper e.g.. Front page news. Headline or Last page news.
  3. The news which we want to read has to be clicked and then it appears on the screen in detail.
  4. There is space provided for opinion of readers. In 1992, the first edition of the e-newspaper was published by ‘Chicago Tribune1.
  5. At present, almost all newspapers are available as e-newspapers and people can read them anytime, anywhere using the Internet or computer, tab, laptop or mobile.
  6. In recent times many newspapers have introduced e-newspapers. The e-newspapers are being received well by the readers.
  7. Learn to read e-newspapers with the help of your teachers.

Question 10.
Write short notes:
(a) Bengal Gazette:
Answer:

  • Bengal Gazette is the first newspaper which was started in India.
  • It was started by James Augustus Hickey, an Irish national.
  • It was first published on 29th January, .1780. It was also called “Calcutta General Advertiser’.
  • Bengal Gazette laid the foundation of newspaper in India.

(b) News printed in ‘Darpan’:
Answer:
The ‘Darpan newspaper started by Balshastri Jambhekar printed all types of news like political, economic, social and cultural. Some of them are mentioned below:

  • The Accounts of Expenditure from the Three Administrative Divisions of the East India Company.
  • The Danger of Russian Attack on the Nation.
  • Appointment of a Committee for Cleanliness of the City.
  • Remarriage of Hindu Widows.
  • The Inception of Theatre at Calcutta.
  • Achievements of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in England. All these reports published in the paper throw light on various situations/events of those days.

(c) Television:
Answer:

  • The first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad inaugurated Delhi Doordarshan Centre.
  • Mumbai Doordarshan started to telecast its programmes on 2nd October, 1972.
  • Colour television started on 15th August, 1982. The Indian government granted permission to private, national and international channels in 1991 to telecast in India.

Question 11.
Explain the following sentences with reason:
(a) Newspaper is an important medium of education and information.
Answer:

  • Newspapers report events which are interesting to the public. But the importance of newspaper stretches far beyond a passing humari interest in events.
  • It covers a miscellany of topical issues. News would involve matters of higher importance like war, global warming, education, national elections or trivial issues such as scandals, gossips and debates on minor controversies.
  • Newspapers have contributed significantly to the spread of literacy and the concept of human rights and democratic freedoms.
  • They are integral to the development of democracy. In fact, they can help in making the democracy stronger.
  • Newspapers not only report the events but continue to shape opinions in the global village.

(b) 6th January is observed as ‘Patrakar Din’ or ‘Journalist Day’ in Maharashtra.
Answer:

  • Balshastri Jambhekar started the first newspaper in Marathi on 6th January, 1832 in Mumbai.
  • He is referred to as the ‘First Editor’ as he was the first editor.
  • He laid the foundation of Marathi newspaper by starting Darpan. As 6th January is his birth date, it is observed as ‘Patrkar Din’ or ‘Journalists’ Day’ in Maharashtra.

(c) Television and history are closely related.
Answer:

  1. Television plays a major role in developing interest in history. While producing shows and serials based on history and mythology, it is essential to have an accurate knowledge of history and know the minute details.
  2. ‘Bharat Ek Khoj’, Raja Shivchhatrapati, Ramayana, Mahabharata are among the few popular serials based on history and mythology. While producing these serials.
  3. It was essential to know the prevalent social conditions, outfits, lifestyle, weaponry, lingual expressions of the people. Historians who had knowledge on these subjects are required.
  4. While making programmes, based on sportsmen, literature, war, historical events, forts and animal life, it is important to give history of their development in that particular period.
  5. While conducting discussions on television on topics like social problems, education, economics, health, it is important to give references from the past.

This shows that the knowledge of history is required in the making many of programmes on Television. Hence Television and history are closely related.

Question 12.
Answer the following question in 25-30 words:
(a) Explain the objectives of newspapers.
Answer:
The main objectives of newspapers are as follows:

  • Newspapers provide various local, national and international news to the people and inform them about daily events.
  • They narrate political, economic, cultural and social history of the country.
  • Newspapers fulfill their role as the fourth column of democracy by creating public awareness and becoming a medium of mass education.
  • They even condemn the anti-social elements in the society and support the weaker section.

(b) How is history helpful in the planning of the Akashvani programmes ?
Answer:
Akashvani broadcasts all types of programmes from celebration of independence day to entertainment programmes. In planning these programmes, the knowledge of history is essential.

  1. Akashvani invites historians as experts for discussions while presenting programmes on various occasions such as the anniversaries of births and deaths of national leaders, anniversaries of historical events; speeches of all Prime Ministers/Presidents.
  2. Programmes like ‘On This Day in History’ is a daily programme which highlights importance of that day and date in history.
  3. Information has to be verified by historians before it reaches the people. Lectures on the contributions of various national leaders need to be supported by historical information. In the following ways history is helpful in the planning of Akashvani programmes.

(c) How were the message conveyed to the people in olden days?
Answer:
The following were a few means used to convey messages to the people in olden days:

  • A town crier would run on the streets beating drums and crying out important news according to the orders of the king.
  • So, the news would spread among people by word of mouth.
  • Inscriptions with royal decrees were placed at public places.

Question 13.
Read the following passages and answer the questions:”
(a) Which programmes are broadcasted by Akashvani?
Answer:

  • Initially, Akashvani broadcasted government programmes and schemes.
  • Later it broadcasted various entertainment and literary programmes.
  • Akashvani presents various programmes for creating awareness.
  • Special programmes are also broadcasted for farmers, workers, youth and women.

(a) On which book is the serial ‘Bharat Ek Khoj’ based on?
Answer:
The Serial Bharat Ek Khoj is based on ‘Discovery of India’, a book written by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

(b) Who directed the serial ‘Bharat Ek Khoj’?
Answer:
The serial was directed by Shyam Benegal.

(c) Which factors/aspects of Indian history are depicted in ‘Bharat Ek Khoj’? OR Why was ‘Bharat Ek Khoj’ a serial telecasted by Doordarshan admired in all parts of India?
Answer:
The television serial ‘Bharat Ek Khoj’ presented social, political and economic life from ancient to the modem period in India.

  1. It portrayed various aspects of Indian history like Harappan civilisation, Vedic history and the interpretation of epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana.
  2. It used the technique of dramatisation effectively to recreate the Mauryan period and show the impact of Turk-Afghan invasions.
  3. The Mughal period and their contributions which have long-lasting effect on social and cultural fabric of India is shown. The rise of Bhakti movement, role of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in getting swarajya is portrayed.
  4. The last episodes (finale) of the serial narrate social movements and India’s freedom struggle in modem period.

Thus, the serial effectively portrayed the journey of India from Harappan civilisation to the modern period and therefore was admired in all parts of India.

Question 14.
Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) What were the different means of communication known around the world before the advent of newspaper?
Answer:
The following means of communication were used to convey news before the advent of newspaper:

  1. Inscriptions with royal decrees placed at public places was a custom in Egypt. Emperor Ashoka followed the sam method to reach out to his subjects.
  2. In the Roman Empire, roytil decrees were written on papers and those were distribute’d in all regions. It also contained information of various events taking place in the nation and its capital.
  3. During, the reign of’ Julius Caesar ‘Acta Diurna’, meaning acts of everyday used to be placed at public places in Rome.
  4. In the 7th century C.E., in China, royal dictates were distributed among people at public places.
  5. In England handouts were distributed occasionally among people at public places giving information about war or any important events.
  6. Travellers arriving from different faraway places would add spice to stories from those places and narrate the same to local people. The ambassadors of a king posted at various places would send back important news to the royal court.

(b) Write information on Periodicals based on its types.
Answer:
Magazines and journals which are published at regular intervals are known as Periodicals.
Types:

  • They are categorised as weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, six monthly and annual.
  • There are some chronicles which are published at no fixed time.

Classification: Periodicals can be classified as popular and scholarly.

  • If a periodical aims at specialists and researchers, it is a ‘journal1. Articles are generally written by experts in the subject.
  • Popular periodicals are magazines published with variety of content. They can be on fashion, sports, entertainment and films.
  • Bharatiya Itihas ani Sanskruti and Marathwada Itihas Parishad Patrika are periodicals of present times. Periodicals are an important source to study history.

(c) Write about the important role of newspaper in the freedom struggle.
Answer:

  1. The press was the chief instrument for carrying out the political tasks and propagation of nationalist ideology.
  2. Both English and Vernacular press started by prominent “leaders like Gopal Ganesh Agarkar and Lokmanya Tilak acted as catalyst to the freedom struggle. They started ‘Kesari’ and ‘Maratha’ in 1881.
  3. Newspapers played a great role in building up an increasingly strong national sentiment and consciousness among people. It was an instrument to arouse, train, mobilise and consolidate nationalist public opinion.
  4. The newspapers were an effective tool in the hands of social reformers. They exposed social evils such as child marriage, ban on remarriage of the widows, inhuman institution as untouchability, caste fetters, etc. It became a weapon in their hands to educate masses.
  5. A comparative study was presented in newspaper on western education, knowledge and national education.
  6. Newspapers also discussed political institutions in India and the west. The main aim of these newspapers was not to gain profit but to serve the people.

(d) Give a short account of the development of Indian television.
Answer:

  1. Television service started in India in 1959. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first Indian President, inaugurated the Delhi Doordarshan centre.
  2. Mumbai centre began to telecast its programmes on 2nd October 1972. Colour television was introduced in India on 15th August 1982.
  3. The national telecast began in 1983. Doordarshan started Channels like DD Sports, DD Metro, news, etc. along with 10 regional channels.
  4. In the year 1991, the Indian government gave permission to private, national and international channels to telecast in India.
  5. Presently there are more than 800 national and regional channels. Some of them are exclusive news, sports, music, movies and religious channels which telecast programmes 24 hours a day.

(e) Distinguish between Newspapers and Magazines.
Answer:
Newspapers and magazines differ in their format, objectives and duration of getting published. The differences are noted below:

Newspapers Magazines
1. Newspapers document the current events. 1. Magazines give no importance to current news.
2. News, articles, columns, editorials have importance in a newspaper. 2. Magazines give preferences to particular subject and publish articles on it.
3. Newspapers are also called ‘Dailies’ as they are published every day. 3. Duration of publication of magazine varies. Some are published weekly, fortnightly, monthly and annually.
4.. The main purpose of newspaper is to report local, national and international news. 4. Instead of providing news, their content is entertaining and knowledge-based.
5. Newspapers make the people aware of the events happening in the society. They do not stick to any one subject. 5. Magazines are about a specific topic. On the basis of their appearance, size, readability, content and audience, magazines differ from newspapers.
6. Newspapers mostly write about current news. Whatever happens in the world appears in the newspaper within a span of 24 hours. It shapes public opinion and keep people updated about the activities of the government. 6, As magazines have lot of detailed information on specific topics they are considered as historical source.

Brain Teaser

Across:

  • Referred to as the ‘First Editor’.
  • A newspaper representing masses of the Indian society (Bahujan Samaj).
  • Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar edited this journal.
  • Letters by Lokhitvadi.

Down:

  • The history of French Revolution was published in this newspaper.
  • Newspaper started by James Augustus Hickey.
  • First monthly magzine in Marathi.
  • Pandit Narendra Sharma suggested this name for AIR.Maharashtra Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 5 Mass Media and History 10

10th Std History Questions And Answers:

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

1. I can talk about the world:
Form groups of 6 to 8 students. Each group should select any one Continent and share the following information about each.
1. Important cities
2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest
3. Food speciality-cuisine
4. Wild life
5. Different types of region and vegetation.
6. Human life.
Now each group representative from the previously formed groups, should narrate the information to the class, using proper attractive sentences.

Question 1.
I can talk about the world:
Form groups of 6 to 8 students. Each group should select any one Continent and share the following information about each.

  1. Important cities
  2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest
  3. Food specialty-cuisine
  4. Wild life
  5. Different types of region and vegetation.
  6. Human life.

Now each group representative from the previously formed groups, should narrate the information to the class, using proper attractive sentences.
Answer:
1. Important cities:
Mumbai, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Dubai

2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest:
Taj Mahal, Great Wall of China, Mount Fuji, Burj Khalifa etc.

3. Food speciality-cuisine:
Indian, Chinese, Middle-eastern

4. Wild life:
Tigers are naturally found in India. Panda’s are native to China.

5. Different types of region and vegetation:
Asia is blessed with a variety of regions including mountains, desserts, meadows, oceans etc. Some of the main crops grown in Asia are rice, grains, pulses, spices etc.

6. Human life:
Being the biggest continent in the world, Asia has diverse culture and each region within the continent have their own languages, festivals, religions etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

2. Prepare a Travel Brochure or leaflet of your native place or any town/historical place/hill station to attract tourist using the points below.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 1
Answer:
Tourist Place: Koihapur
How to reach there?

  • Nearest Railway Station: Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj Terminus (Koihapur)
  • Nearest Air Port: Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj Airport, Kothapur Domestic Airport.
  • Nearest Bus Stand: S.T. stand, Koihapur. Local transport is available.

Top five spots to visit: Mahalaxmi Temple, Panhala Fort, Rankala Lake, Maharaja Palace, Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj Museum, Gandharva Resort and Amusement Park.

Special features of these spots:

  • Mahalaxmi Temple: Holy seat of Amba Mata.
  • Rankala Lake: Famous for its beauty.
  • Maharaj Palace: Magnificent structure of Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj’s palace, Indo-British architecture.
  • Maharaj Museum: Great collections of historical period.
  • Gandharva Resort and Amusement Park: Pleasant and attractive, beautiful site with amusing games.

Mouth-watering /special cuisines: Delightful tasty non-veg food, Pandhara Rassa, Tambda Rassa, Kothapur Misal/Bhel, Mohak lassi,
Davangiri Dosa, etc.

Other nearby sight-seeing spots: Panhala Fort, Kanheri Math, Radhanagari, Wildlife sanctuary.
For Further details contact
Vikas Tours & Travels
Mob.: 98xxxxxx34
email: vikastt@rmail.com

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

English Workshop:

1. Write the importance of the years given below, with reference to World Heritage Sites.

Question 1.
Write the importance of the years given below, with reference to World Heritage Sites.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 2
Answer:

Year Importance
1959 UNESCO launched an International campaign to protect temples and artifacts.
1965 White House Conference in United States called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’.
1968 The International Union for Conservation of Nature similar goals and presented them at the United Nations Conference on Human Environment.
1972 The Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by UNESCO’s General Conference.
2009 890 World Heritage Sites were located in 148 countries.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

2. Name the following.

Question 1.
(a) The country where Mount Huangshan is situated ……………………
(b) The famous dam in Egypt on River Nile …………………..
(c) The place where the conference based on Human Environment was held …………………..
(d) The country in which the highest number of World Heritage Sites are ……………………
(e) The body which can exclude a site from World Heritage list ……………………
Answer:
(a) The country where Mount Huangshan is situated in – China
(b) The famous dam in Egypt on River Nile – Anwan High Dam
(c) The place where the conference based on Human Environment was held – Stockholm, Sweden.
(d) The country in which the highest number of World Heritage Sites are – Italy
(e) The body which can exclude a site from World Heritage list – World Heritage Committee.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

3. Complete the following sentences.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
(a) The World Heritage Sites include ……………….. .
(b) There are around ……………. World Heritage Sites in the world.
(c) The Role of World Heritage Committee is ………………. .
(d) The tenure of World Heritage Committee is ……………… .
(e) We can get more information about World Heritage Sites from its …………………. .
Answer:
(a) The World Heritage Sites include cultural and natural areas.
(b) There are around 890 World Heritage Sites in the world.
(c) The Role of World Heritage Committee is to be responsible for establishing which sites will be listed as a UNESCO World heritage site.
(d) The tenure of World Heritage Committee is six years.
(e) We can get more information about World Heritage Sites from its website at whc.unesco.org.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

4. Complete the following Web by giving reasons why World Heritage Sites are in danger.

Question 1.
Complete the following Web by giving reasons why World Heritage Sites are in danger.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 3
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 4

5. Answer in your own words:

Question a.
What are our duties towards preservation of any historical site?
Answer:
Historical sites like forts, monuments, palaces, etc. are our national heritage. They have stood all the vagaries of time and weather and are on the verge of losing their splendour. It is our duty to preserve them carefully. When you visit these places don’t spoil their beauty and grandeur by scratching, writing and carving names and making them look ugly and dirty. We must renovate them with the help of the residence in the area or NGOs. We should persuade and insist the government to take complete responsibility of preserving them as their foremost duty.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question b.
Why should we preserve the World Heritage Sites?
Answer:
Our ancestors all over the world have bestowed upon us the spectacular, wonderful monuments, structures and sculptures, etc. They are the wonders of arts and architectures. The whole world feels proud of these ancestral treasures. They remind us of the past glory, art, culture and great, glorious memorials. They will continue to inspire us and give knowledge of patient and prolonged human endeavours such as the Taj Mahal, Ajanta Caves, Pyramids, China’s Great Wall and many other majestic structures. So, we must preserve them with utmost care.

Question c.
What is the role of World Heritage Sites in promoting tourism in any country?
Answer:
The ‘World Heritage Sites’ plays a very important role in promoting tourism in countries like India. The organisation is responsible, with the country’s contribution, for preserving the site and if required restore it, providing funds. If the site retains its original grandeur, splendour and beauty, flocks of passionate tourists from all over the world are sure to visit the site. Naturally, tourism of the site will flourish and it also will provide employment.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

6. Read the following duties towards preservation of any historical site and make sentences about each of our duties.

  • Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
  • Maintain discipline and order
  • Maintain cleanliness
  • Use dustbins and garbage bags
  • Observe silence
  • Maintain environmental safety
  • Protect our country’s history/heritage.

Question 1.
Read the following duties towards preservation of any historical site and make sentences about each of our duties.

  • Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
  • Maintain discipline and order
  • Maintain cleanliness
  • Use dustbins and garbage bags
  • Observe silence
  • Maintain environmental safety
  • Protect our country’s history/heritage.

Answer:

  • Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
  • Maintain discipline and order – All visitors must maintain discipline and order in the place.
  • Maintain cleanliness – They should maintain cleanliness in the area.
  • Use dustbins and garbage bags – They must use dustbins and garbage bags for throwing leftovers.
  • Observe silence – Visitors must observe complete silence at the site.
  • Maintain environmental safety – They should maintain environment safety for their own safety.
  • Protect our country’s history/heritage – It is our duty to protect our countries historical heritage.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

7. Complete the following flow – chart by choosing from the options given below to show how any site of any country can become a World Heritage Site.

Question 1.
Complete the following flow – chart by choosing from the options given below to show how any site of any country can become a World Heritage Site.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 5

  1. Inclusion of the name of a site from the tentative list to the nomination file.
  2. Name of the site is inscribed on the World Heritage list after meeting the criteria.
  3. Inclusion of the name of site for the nomination in a tentative list after an inventory in the country or the state.
  4. Decision of the World Heritage Committee after review of the nominated file.
  5. A review of the file included by the advisory bodies.

Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 6

8. Match the pairs to defme different roles of the World Heritage Sites.

Question 1.
Match the pairs to defme different roles of the World Heritage Sites.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 7
Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Identify cultural and natural sites (b) of outstanding universal value across countries.
2. Identify sites of (h) special importance for everyone.
3. Identify sites that represent (g) best examples of world’s cultural and/or natural heritage.
4. UNESCO seeks to (c) preserve outstanding sites and natural resources.
5. World Heritage Sites should have (i) relevant development plan policies.
6. World Heritage Site should (f) protect these sites.
7. World Heritage Site serve as (e) an asset for economic development and investment.
8. World Heritage Site should ensure (a) green, local based, stable and decent jobs.
9. It should at large develop (d) tourism.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

9. Do you know the difference between Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 8
Refer to a dictionary/encyclopedia/reference books/website/google search to get the detailed meaning.

Question 1.
Do you know the difference between:

  • World heritage.
  • Cultural heritage.

Refer to a dictionary/encyclopedia/reference books/website/google search to get the detailed meaning.
Answer:
World Heritage: As per UNESCO, World Heritage is the designation for places on Earth that are of outstanding universal value to humanity and as such, have been inscribed on the World Heritage List to be protected for future generations to appreciate and enjoy.

Cultural Heritage: Cultural Heritage means elements of great human value and creation. These could be tangible or intangible cultural heritage. Tangible Cultural Heritage include paintings, coins, sculptures, monuments, shipwrecks ruins, archaeological sites etc. Intangible Cultural Heritage can include traditions, performance arts, rituals etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

10. Following are the ways to preserve ‘World Heritage Sites.’ Transfer these points into a small paragraph. Suggest a suitable title.

  • Practical conservation of posterity
  • Humanlanimal trespassing
  • Unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access
  • Threat of local administrative negligence

Question 1.
Following are the ways to preserve ‘World Heritage Sites.’ Transfer these points into a small paragraph. Suggest a suitable title.

  • Practical conservation of posterity
  • Humanlanimal trespassing
  • Unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access
  • Threat of local administrative negligence

Answer:
Preserving ‘World Heritage Sites’ for Future Generations Let us be sensible and practical to preserve our World Heritage Sites for future generations. It depends on well-organized and well-managed plan, The plan should be skillfully monitored and implemented to the details. It is the responsibility of the country where it is situated. So it is our national duty to protect or restore the Heritage Sites.

To maintain the original, natural characteristics of the site we must take utmost care and prevent them from being lost, damaged or destroyed. We must use funds and resources allocated by our state and the World Heritage Fund for mending and repairing work. Many a times, human and animal trespassing damage, deface and make them ugly and insecure.

Their activities and disturbances should be controlled and restricted to retain their natural beauty and grandeur. Buildings, structures, historical monuments and natural beauty should be taken care of.

In many cases, the local administrators are lethargic and they are responsible for the damages. The administrative apathy and negligence are the threats to our Heritage sites. Strict actions should be taken against them for their neglect to protect the sites.
Everyone of us, who visit the sites, should have a sense of national pride in preserving our World Heritage sites for the sake of our future generations.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

11. Find from the text minimum 8 words related to cultural heritage and make a word register. Arrange them in an alphabetical order: 

Question 1.
Find from the text minimum 8 words related to cultural heritage and make a word register. Arrange them in an alphabetical order:
Answer:
Words related to cultural heritage:

  1. temples
  2. culture
  3. literature
  4. artefacts
  5. sites
  6. territory
  7. monuments
  8. art

Alphabetical order: art, artefacts, culture, literature, monuments, sites, temples, territory.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

13. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘not only but also’ and ‘as well as’ in 2 seperate sentences.

Question i.
UNESCO and the International Council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.
Answer
1. Not only UNESCO but also the international council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.
2. UNESCO as well as the International council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

Question ii.
The state parties are responsible for identifying and nominating new sites.
Answer
1. The State Parties are responsible not only for identifying but also for nominating new sites.
2. The State Parties are responsible for identifying as well as nominating new sites.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question iii.
Opera House in Australia and the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of World Heritage.
Answer
1. Not only Opera House in Australia but also the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of the World Heritage.
2. Opera House in Australia as well as the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of the World Heritage.

Question iv.
World Heritage Sites can be a combination of both cultural and natural areas.
Answer
1. World Heritage Sites can be a combination of not only cultural but also natural areas.
2. World Heritage Sites can be a combination of cultural as well as natural areas.

Question v.
To protect the temples and artifacts. UNESCO launched an international campaign.
Answer
1. To protect not only the temples but also artifacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.
2. To protect the temples as well as artifacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

14. Rewrite the following sentences replacing ‘as soon as’ by ‘No sooner than.’
(Note: The phrase, ‘No sooner’ must always be followed by an auxiliary
(helping verb).
For example : As soon as he came, they all gave an applause.
No sooner did he come, than all gave an applause.
(a) As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
(b) As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
(c) As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer – papers.
(d) As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
(e) As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences replacing ‘as soon as’ by ‘No sooner… than…’
(a) As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
(b) As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
(c) As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer-papers.
(d) As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
(e) As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.
Answer:
(a) No sooner is the Bill passed than it will become an Act.
(b) No sooner did the thief escape than the family informed the police.
(c) No sooner have you finished than you can submit your answer papers.
(d) No sooner can they manage than they should change their house.
(e) No sooner will the bell ring than the School Assembly will start.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

15. Prepare a ‘tourism leaflet’ on any one of the following. (You may refer to the points given in Warming Up.)
(A) Your Home Town
(B) A Historical Place
(C) A Place of Natural Beauty
(D) A Place of Pilgrimage

Question 1.
Prepare a ‘tourism leaflet’ on any one of the following. (You may refer to the points given in Warming Up.)
(A) Your Home Town
(B) A Historical Place
(C) A Place of Natural Beauty
(D) A Place of Pilgrimage
Answer:
(उत्तराकरिता Warming Up! मधील Kolhapur विषयी दिलेले पर्यटन माहितीपत्रक पाहा.)

16.Project :

Question a.
Make a list of sites from our State that are included in the World Heritage Sites. Try to visit one of them. Write the importance of that World Heritage Site. Also write your impression of it in your notebook.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Live English:

Question a.
Making PowerPoint Presentation:
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 12 Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 13 Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 14

Question b.
Rearrange the following steps of creating a PowerPoint slide in proper sequence:
(Answers is directly given.)
Answer:

  1. Open Microsoft PowerPoint.
  2. Click ‘New’ to create Blank Presentation.
  3. Add New Slide from Home menu.
  4. Click to add Text and Title in the slide.
  5. Add Pictures by clicking ‘Insert’ button.
  6. Resize your pictures or graphics.
  7. Add effects from “Transition” menu.
  8. Add New slide from Home menu.
  9. Save your slide and start slide show from the beginning.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question c.
Follow the slide Handout on ‘Types of Sentences’ given on coursebook page No. 85. Create similar slide Handout on any one of given topics:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 15

  1. pollution
  2. Modes of Transport
  3. Our Solar System
  4. The United Nations

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question d.
Tips for writing an effective Slide Handout
Answer:

  1. Begin with writing a Title and name of presenter on the Slide 1.
  2. Write points you want to explain in main bullet points in the Slide 2.
  3. Give meanings, definitions and exanples in bullet points.
  4. Use aphoristic style of language, give only main points.
  5. Give your contact number and email ID for feedback towards the en)

Question e.
Tips for making an effective Power point Presentation
Answer:

  1. While speaking, show your passion and use positive body gestures.
  2. Start strongly try to connect with your audience using propertone.
  3. Keep it simple: concentrate on your core message.
  4. Smile and make eye contact with your audience.
  5. Conclude on positive note.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question f.
The 10/20/30 rule of Power Point
Answer:
( If you are notfamiliarwith the 10/20/30 Ruleof PowerPoint created way back in 2005 by Guy Kawasaki, here’s how it goes:
“The most effective Power Poin t presentations should
containno more than lOslides,
Iastno longer than 20 minutes,
and feature fontno smaller than 30 points.”

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
i. The International World Heritage Programme is administered by – The UNESCO WORLD Heritage Committee
ii. The Nile valley contains many ancient – Egyptian artifacts.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
A draft convention was started for creating an international organization responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 3.
Name the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
State parties are elected by the World Heritage Centre’s General Assembly.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

  1. The role of World Heritage Committee is to list the sites as – a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  2. The tenure of World Heritage Committee is – six years.
  3. The World Heritage Committee consists of representatives from – 21 State Parties.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 5.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

  1. The inventory of the State Party is called the Tentative List.
  2. Tentative List is included on the Nomination File.
  3. Two advisory bodies make recommendations to the World Heritage Committee.
  4. When the site is chosen it also becomes considered within the international community.
  5. 25 of the World Heritage Sites are considered mixed.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 9

Question 2.
Why did UNESCO launch an international campaign in 1959?
Answer:
Egypt started plans to build the Aswan High Dam to collect and control water from the Nile River. The dam’s construction would have flooded the Nile valley containing the Abu Simbel Temples and many of ancient Egyptian artefacts. To protect the temples and the artefacts UNESCO launched an international campaign in 1959.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 3.
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given.)
answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 11

Question 4.
Why did a White House Conference in the United States call for a ‘World Heritage Trust’?
Answer:
A White House Conference in the United States called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historic cultural sites and also for protecting the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.

Question 5.
What measures are taken about the World Heritage Sites that are in danger?
Answer:
The World Heritage Committee first prepares a separate list of sites that are in danger. The World Heritage Committee allocates resources from the World Heritage Fund to that site to restore it. In addition, different plans are put into place to protect and/or restore the site. However, if a site loses its characteristics which allowed it to be originally included on the World Heritage List, the World Heritage Committee can delete the site from the list.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Look at the words and their meanings. Underline the correct alternatives:
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:
(i) determine:
(a) think over
(b) decide
(c) ask for
(d) look over

(ii) monument:
(a) statue
(b) pillar
(c) memorial building
(d) fort

(iii) significant:
(a) clever
(b) effective
(c) systematic
(d) important

(iv) disaster:
(a) problem
(b) incident
(c) calamity
(d) accident

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 2.
Find from the passage adjective forms for the following:

  1. culture
  2. history
  3. nature
  4. significance

Answer:

  1. cultural
  2. historical
  3. natural
  4. significant

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 3.
Write the long form of ‘UNESCO’.
Answer:
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Question 4.
Write from the passage nouns for the following:

  1. present
  2. protect
  3. conserve
  4. include

Answer:

  1. presentation
  2. protection
  3. conservation
  4. inclusion

Question 5.
Write the list of adjectives from the passage.
Answer:
historic, cultural, significant, natural, scenic, international, similar, general, main, responsible, six.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 6.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. inventory (a) fixed basis to judge
2. territory (b) suggestions
3. criteria (c) region
4. recommendations (d) a written list of material

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. inventory (d) a written list of material
2. territory (c) region
3. criteria (a) fixed basis to judge
4. recommendations (b) suggestions

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 7.
Find from the passage the antonyms for the following:

  1. exclude
  2. artificial
  3. insignificant
  4. final

Answer:

  1. exclude × include
  2. artificial × natural
  3. insignificant × significant
  4. final × tentative

Question 8.
Find out opposites from the passage for the following:
Answer:

  1. artificial × natural
  2. lowest × highest
  3. exclude × include
  4. safe × danger

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 9.
Find from the passage the nouns of the following :

  1. locate
  2. urbanize
  3. pollute
  4. add

Answer:

  1. locate – location
  2. urbanize – urbanization
  3. pollute – pollution
  4. add – addition

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Why do you like to visit tourist spots?
Answer:
I like to visit some tourist spots not only for comfort and relaxation but for expanding my knowledge and for knowing our culture, history and glory of the past. They enhance our knowledge, vision of life and enlighten your intelligence. These visits give us true education of life and soothe our minds.

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar:

Rewrite the sentences using ‘not only….but also’ and ‘as well as’ in two separate sentences:

Question 1.
A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historic cultural sites and the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.
Answer:
i. A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect not only historic cultural sites but also the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.
ii. A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historical cultural sites as well as the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 2.
Write the following sentence using ‘as soon as’ and ‘no sooner …… in two separate sentences.
Immediately after the World Heritage Sites are in danger, they are inscribed on a separate list.
Answer:
(i) As soon as the World Heritage Sites are in danger, they are inscribed on a separate list.
(ii) No sooner are the World Heritage Sites in danger than they are inscribed on a separate list.

English Workshop:
(based on whole lesson).

Question 1.
What is the difference between the words ‘World Heritage’ and ‘Cultural Heritage’?
Answer:
The word ‘World Heritage’ is related with the natural or man-made places that are recognized as having international importance, cultural values of the world and humanity in general. Whereas ‘Cultural Heritage’ is related with a particular society or groups, its ideas, customs, beliefs, art and literature, etc. that have existed and inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and preserved for the benefits of future generation.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Activities based on Language Study

(A) Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

  1. w o _ l d
  2. l a k _ s
  3. s i _ e s
  4. s _ a t e

Answer:

  1. w o r l d
  2. l a k e s
  3. s i t e s
  4. s t a t e

Question 2.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. world, becoming, property, territory
2. step, site, selection, significant
Answer:
1. becoming, property, territory, world
2. selection, significant, site, step

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. Then what’s the secret of your energy I asked
2. No there isn’t anyone like Raghu veer
Answer:
1. “Then what’s the secret of your energy?” I asked.
2. “No, there isn’t anyone like Raghuveer.”

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

Question 4.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using letters in the word ‘ mountain ’
Answer:
mount, out, main, tin

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage 10

Question 6.
Complete the following word-chain of the adjectives. Add four words each beginning with the last letter of the previous word: ;
dear → …………… → …………… → …………… → …………… .
Answer:
dear → real → large → eager → red.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

(B) Do as directed:

1. Attempt anyone:

Question a.
Make your own meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘to fall prey’:
Answer:
Young people fall prey to attractive, tasty food.

OR

Question b.
Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully:
This is how I …………….
Answer: This is how the poor man got shelter in the Old age Home.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

2. Attempt anyone:

Question a.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words:
1. agree
2. satisfy
Answer:
1. disagree/agreement
2. satisfaction/dissatisfy

OR

Question b.
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. agree
2. satisfy
Answer:
1. Do you agree with my opinion?
2. The food he got did not satisfy his hunger.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:
Chit-Chat

1. Discuss in your class.

Question 1.
Indian women who have made it to International Levels in sports and games. Discuss the following points about each of them.
Answer:
(a) Name of the sportsperson. – Lauta Shivaji Babar
(b) Sport or Game-Long distance running.
(c) Level reached-World championship, Olympic Games.
(d) Outstanding achievem ents-Sportsperson of the Year Award 2015.
(e) Awards/Prizes/Titles-Arjuna Award by Government of India.
Indian Sports Award by FICCI and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

1. Fill in the Table:

Question 1.
Fill in the Table: (Answers are directly given.)
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 1
Answer:

Name of Sport/Game Place where played Individual or Team Event Sports Equipment
1. Boxing Ring Individual Boxing gloves
2. Shooting Shooting range Individual Rifle, shooting stand
3. Hockey Ground Team Hockey stick and ball
4. Football Ground Team Football, Net
5. Badminton Court Individual/Pair Racket and Shuttlecock
6. Kabaddi Ground Team

Question 2.
Complete the interview with an imaginary captain of Ladies Cricket Team of your Town/City/State. Conclude with a farewell message.
Answer:

Interview

Interviewer – J. Prasad (J. P.)
Captain – Vijetha Bhide (V. B.)

  • J.P.: Good Morning. We are simply privileged and delighted to have the presence of the Captain j of our State Women’s Cricket Team, which won the final of the Inter State series in Mumbai, last week. Hello Vijetha, welcome to our show.
  • V.B.: Thank you for inviting me. I am really grateful to the Government of Maharastra for recognizing my services to state women’s cricket team.
  • J.P.: That’s great. You have shown your talent and performance in this Inter State series in Mumbai.
  • V.B.: That’s right. The girls gave commendable performances, so the credit goes to the whole team.
  • J.P.: Your individual performance was also great. It was a great feat for you.
  • V.B.: Thank you. 48 runs in 40 balls is quite good and helping score for the team. Anjali co-ordinated well with me and so it was easy to reach the score.
  • J.P.: Do you think regular practice is needed at the domestic level?
  • V.B.: Yes, of course! More importantly there is huge need for more tournaments at the domestic level so that the girls can intermingle with the different talents in cricket.
  • J.P.: Absolutely right. It gives confidence to girls. Do you think, the coach plays important role in your success? What is your opinion?
  • V.B.: You are right. Without a coach how can we develop our game? He guides us at every stage and so we have reached up to this level.
  • J.P.: What will be your next move and dream?
  • V.B.: Now we will practise for the National level tournaments. And I think the girls have that calibre to pull off some trophies at the National level.
  • J.P.: That’s really great. Wish you all the best for your future cricketing career.
  • V.B.: Thanks a lot!

English Workshop:

1. Choose the correct alternatives:

Question (a)
What kind of text is it?
(i) story
(ii) speech
(iii) interview
(iv) essay
Answer:
(iii) interview

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question (b)
Which State does Mary Kom belong to?
(i) Maharashtra
(ii) Tamil Nadu
(iii) Kerala
(iv) Manipur
Answer:
(iv) Manipur

Question (c)
Who inspired Mary Kom and other youngsters in Manipur to choose boxing as a career?
(i) Dingko Singh
(ii) Charles Atkinson
(iii) Mangte Tanpa Kom
(iv) Adams
Answer:
(i) Dingko Singh

Question (d)
When did Mary Kom start her career?
(i) 2012
(ii) 2000
(iii) 2001
Answer:
(ii) 2000

2. Go through the text again and find out the name of cities and their importance in Mary Kom’s life. One is given for you. 

Question 1.
Go through the text again and find out the name of cities and their importance in Mary Kom’s life. One is given for you. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) Kangthei – Mary Korn’s birth place.
(b) West-Bengal – Regional championship
(c) Pune – Preparation for the Olympics with male boxers.
(d) Manipur – State women’s boxing championship.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

3. Write down the full forms of-

Question 1.
Write down the full forms of-
Answer:
(a) OGQ – Olympic Gold Quest
(b) IBN – Indian Broadcasting Network
(c) MTV – Music Television
(d) YPA – Yearly Plan of Action
(e) AIBA – The Amateur International Boxing Association.
(f) CNN – Cable News Network

4. Write the Factfile of Mary Kom, in your notebook.

Question 1.
Write the Factfile of Mary Kom, in your notebook.
Answer:
(a) Full Name – Mary Mangte Kom
(b) Native of – Kangthei village, Moirang Lamkhai in Churachandpur district of rural Manipur in eastern India.

(c) Early life and interests – Grown in humble surroundings of tenant farmers and helping her parents in farm related chores. She was interested in athletics initially and later turned to boxing.

(d) Special sports taken up – Boxing was her main sport.

(e) Inspired by – Dingko Singh who returned from Bangkok Asian games with a gold medal.

(f) Coach – Charles Atkinson.

(g) Early achievements:
1. Victory in the Manipur State Women’s Boxing Championship and the Regional Championship in West Bengal.
2. International debut at the first AIBA Women’s World Boxing Championship in United States.

(h) International achievement:
1. Five times World Boxing Champion and the only boxer to win a medal in every one of the six World Championships.
2. In 2012 Olympics she won a Bronze medal.

(i) Her passion – To make boxing popular among all Indians, especially women and girls.

(j) Future plan – To coach Indian women in boxing in future.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

5. Glance through the text and find the special qualities of Mary Kom. Complete the web by putting different qualities of Mary Kom in the boxes: (Answers are directly given.)

Question 1.
Glance through the text and find the special qualities of Mary Kom. Complete the web by putting different qualities of Mary Kom in the boxes: (Answers are directly given.)
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 2
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 3

6. ‘Super mom’ refers to an excellent mother. Give three reasons why ‘super’ has been added to the word ‘mom’ as in the title?

Question 1.
‘Super mom’ refers to an excellent mother. Give three reasons why ‘super’ has been added to the word ‘mom’ as in the title?
1. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
Answer:
1. It is quite difficult to balance home and profession and she has managed it like an outstanding woman.
2. Even though she is a successful sportswoman she gives more importance to her family so she has that super understanding.
3. Though a mother, she is an exceptional woman in Indian society to go out and make boxing a career. So she is a super mother.

7. Answer in your own words.

Question (a)
What makes the writer call Mary Kom ‘a legend’?
Answer:
A legend is a famous person, icon or superstar in a particular field. Mary Kom is a famous woman as an Indian boxer. The field is male dominated, but with her efforts and determination she earned name and fame, so in real sense she is a legend not only to the writer but also to all Indians and a real ‘torch-bearer’ for Indian women.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question (b)
What prime quality did Mary Kom display during her first attempt in Olympic Games? What was her bad luck?
Answer:
Mary practised for Olympics with the male boxers. Her coach was not allowed to accompany her but she went on with confidence, because she had done her homework and was well prepared with her coach. She could play with good tactical knowledge. In semi-finals she was fighting against Adams, a clever counter puncher but Mary was scoring well, but the judges were not pressing the buttons and favouring her rival. So it was her bad luck that she lost in the semi-finals.

Question (c)
What does Mary Kom suggest, for India to win more Olympic Gold Medals?

8. Fill in the flow chart after rearranging the facts below in their proper order, as per the text:

Question 1.
Fill in the flow chart after rearranging the facts below in their proper order, as per the text:
(a) Mary Kom made her first appearance at international level.
(b) She sparred with male boxers in Pune.
(c) Mary Kom won the Manipur State Women’s Boxing Championship.
(d) She won a bronze medal in the 2012 Olympics.
(e) Mary Kom decided to take up boxing.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 4
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 5

9. Make sentences of your own using the following words:

Question (a)
debut:
Answer:
Sonu Nigam made his singing debut at a very early age.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question (b)
elation:
Answer:
My father is a man who seldom gives away to elation of mind.

Question (c)
sponsor:
Answer:
The sports events of the club were sponsored by Seth Narayandas Zaveri.

Question (d)
reinforced:
Answer:
The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching.

Question (e)
humble surroundings:
Answer:
Many people in India live in humble surroundings.

10. Find antonyms of the following words from the text:

Question 1.
Find antonyms of the following words from the text:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

  1. arrogant × humble
  2. disqualify × qualify
  3. finally × initially

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

11. Imagine that you are the Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below:

Question 1.
Imagine that you are the Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below:
(a) Early Life
(b) Interest in this field
(c) Inspiration
(d) Coaching and guidance
(e) Achievement/Records
(f) Future plans
(g) Advice to youngsters
Answer:
Interview Questions to be asked to the cricketer:

  1. Was it your passion to become a cricketer from your childhood?
  2. Who inspired you to become a cricketer?
  3. Did your parents help you in your decision? What was their role?
  4. What are some of your superstitions before going in to bat?
  5. Who is your idol in other games other than cricket?
  6. In whose bowling did you score the most runs?
  7. If you were not a cricketer what would you be then?
  8. What are your future plans?
  9. What message would you like to give to the young generation?
  10. What is your best achievement till today?

12. Imagine that you are Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below.

Question 1.
Imagine that you are Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below.
(a) Early Life
(b) Training
(c) Achievement
(d) Future plans
Answer:
Mary Kom is a sportswoman who has made India proud with her glorious achievements as a boxer. Basically from Manipur, India, she was the eldest of four siblings and had to work hard from young age to support her family. She took care of her younger siblings and worked in the field with her parents to help them. She is the only Indian woman boxer to have qualified for the 2012 summer Olympics where she won a Bronze Medal.

She is also the first Indian woman boxer to get a Gold medal in Asian games and Commonwealth Games. She was trained by Charles Atkinson. Mary set a new standard in amateur boxing without ever competing in professional boxing. The AIBA awarded Mary Kom with the first AIBA Legends Award for promising boxing career. She is also the recipient of Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri and Arjuna Award for her tremendous achievement in Boxing. She is a legend for Indian women.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

13. ‘What Men can do, Women can do better’. Divide your class in 2 groups. Let one group offer points ‘For the topic’ and the other, ‘against the topic’ given above. Note down the points in your notebooks, expand the points in two separate paragraphs of about 15 to 20 lines each. Suggest suitable titles for each:

Question 1.
‘What Men can do, Women can do better’. Divide your class in 2 groups. Let one group offer points ‘For the topic’ and the other, ‘against the topic’ given above. Note down the points in your notebooks, expand the points in two separate paragraphs of about 15 to 20 lines each. Suggest suitable titles for each:
Answer:
Two beautiful Creations of God-Men and Women

For the topic

Men cannot look after their family well compared : to women. It is still believed that men are supposed to be the bread winners and be able to support their wives and children. But now a days many women do this work very easily. Women have proved that they can do anything if given a chance. Now they have started working in Army with men.

In politics, they have proved that they can work better than men. Games like cricket, football, wrestling were the monopoly of men but now by entering in these fields they are proving they can do anything better than men. In astronomy, medicines, teaching they are in the forefront. It is important to remember that differences between men and women do not mean that one gender is less important than the other.

Against the topic

Being raised in a socially conscious environment, we believe men and women are generally equal and should be treated as such. But there are certain fields in which women can’t work as they do not possess the physical strength to work in adverse conditions like protecting our borders. They are rarely found as coal miners. Women cannot climb electricity poles and work on power transformers. They cannot fight in wars or battles. They are not found in off-shore oil drilling platforms.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:

  1. The warrior mentioned in the passage –
  2. Native place of Mary Kom –
  3. Mary Korn’s parents –
  4. The sportsperson who won gold medal in Asian games –

Answer:

  1. Mary Mangte Kom
  2. Kangthei village, Moirang Lamkhai in Churachandpur district of rural Manipur in eastern India.
  3. Mangte Tonpa Kom and Mangte Akham Kom.
  4. Dingko Singh.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Complete the sentences:

Question 1.
Complete the sentences:

  1. Kom grew up in
  2. She came from a
  3. She had an eager interest in
  4. Mary Korn’s career started in

Answer:

  1. Kom grew up in humble surroundings.
  2. She came from a poor family.
  3. She had an eager interest in athletics.
  4. Mary Korn’s career started in 2000.

Question 2.
Answer in one-two words:
Answer:

  1. Coach -Charles Atkinson
  2. Interviewer – Sportskeeda correspondent Taru- kal Srivastava
  3. Place of Training – Pune
  4. Total medals won in 2012 Olympics by India – 6

Question 3.
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements:
Answer:

  1. Mary Korn’s coach was allowed to accompany her during her preparation for Olympics – Disagree
  2. Mary practised with male boxers in Pune – Agree
  3. Mary is the first Indian female boxer to win an Olympics medal for India – Agree
  4. Dodgy judging was not at all the part of the reason for her loss in the semi-finals. – Disagree

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 4.
Complete the following web chart. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 6

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
What did Mary Kom prefer being called?
(i) Super mom
(ii) Super woman
(iii) Super being
(iv) Super Boxer
Answer:
(i) Super mom

Question 2.
What would be a key factor in your conditioning for the Olympics?
(i) saturated fats
(ii) diet and nutrition
(iii) trophies and medals
Answer:
(ii) Diet and nutrition

Question 3.
Which traditional feminine activity is mentioned in the extract?
(i) washing
(ii) dusting
(iii) cooking
Answer:
(iii) cooking

Question 4.
Which award did Mary receive in 2009?
(i) Sahara Sports Award
(ii) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
(iii) Arjuna Award
Answer:
(ii) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Mary Korn’s exceptional achievement is she is famed as a five times world Boxing Champion and the only boxer to win a medal in every one of the six world championships.
2. Mary Korn’s parents made their living by working as tenant farmers in jhum fields.

Question 2.
What has added to Mary Kom’s greatness as a boxing champion?
Answer:
Mary Kom made her debut at the first AIBA Women’s World Boxing Championship in United States and won silver medal in the 48 kg weight category. Her greatness is strengthened by the way she apologized to the whole nation for not being able to win the Gold Medal. It has added to Mary Kom’s greatness as a boxing champion.

Question 3.
How did Mary spend her childhood?
Answer:
Mary grew up in humble surroundings. She used to help her parents with farm related chores. She used to learn athletics initially and later boxing simultaneously. She had an eager interest in athletics since childhood.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 4.
Complete the following web:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 7

Question 5.
What failed to pressurize Mary Kom during the Olympics?
Answer:
She was the only female representative from India and her coach Charles Atkinson was not allowed to accompany her to the Olympics failed to pressurize Mary Kom during the Olympics.

Question 6.
What can help Indian sportsmen to win more Olympic medals?
Answer:
More corporates should come in and sponsor players, so that the players don’t have to face financial pressure and can just focus on their game. More and more people should take up sports as a full-time career if we want to win more gold medals. This can help Indian sportsmen to win more Olympic medals.

Question 7.
What did OGQ do for Mary Kom?
Answer:
OGQ played a big role in shaping the boxing scene in India. OGQ really played an important part in Mary’s success. They helped her out whenever she needed something. They took care of everything Which helped her focus on her boxing and kept her stress-free.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 8.
What is Mary’s opinion about future of Indian boxing?
Answer:
According to Mary Kom the future of Indian boxing is bright. She is also sure that many boxers would win medals for India.

Question 9.
How did Mary Kom increase her weight?
Answer:
According to Mary diet and nutrition must be the key factor in conditioning body, but that is a neglected area in Indian sports. She had to focus on what to eat. When she started diet and nutritions, she put on her weight by 3 kg. And she could compete in 51 kg event instead of usual 48 kg.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give one word for the following explanation:
Answer:

  1. The first public appearance – debut
  2. One who makes history – legend
  3. Farming, shifting cultivation – Jhum
  4. Successful ending of a struggle or contest – victory

Question 2.
Find the full form of:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
U.S. – United States

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Use the following words in your own sentences:

Question 1.
legend:
Answer:
Lata is a legend in her own lifetime.

Find out antonyms of the following words from the text:

Question 1.
Find out antonyms of the following words from the text:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

  1. failure × success
  2. rich × poor
  3. died × born
  4. urban × rural
  5. defeat × victory

Question 2.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of:
Answer:
1. birth – born
2. qualification – qualify

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 3.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of:
1. succeed
2. prepare
Answer:
1. succeed – success
2. prepare – preparation

Question 4.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of:
1. dodge
2. tactic
Answer:
1. dodge – dodgy
2. tactic – tactical

Find out opposite words for the following from the passage.

Question 1.
Find out opposite words for the following from the passage.
Answer:

  1. hated × adored/admired
  2. fair × unfair
  3. inclusive × exclusive
  4. losing × winning

Pick out from the passage the verb forms of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of the following:
Answer:

  1. company – accompany
  2. practice – practise
  3. decision – decide
  4. requirement – require

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Pick out the noun forms of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out the noun forms of the following:
Answer:

  1. add – addition
  2. achieve – achievement
  3. represent – representative
  4. change – change

Pick out the adjective form of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out the adjective form of the following:
Answer:

  1. finance – financial
  2. confidence – confident
  3. favour – favourite
  4. proportion. – proportionate

Question 2.
Write down the full forms of –
Answer:

  1. OGQ – Olympic Gold Quest
  2. CNN – Cable News Network
  3. IBN – Indian Broadcasting Network
  4. MTV – Music Television
  5. YPA – Yearly Plan of Action

Question 3.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of.
Answer:

  1. nutrition – nutritional
  2. female – feminine
  3. tradition – traditional
  4. saturate – saturated
  5. addition – additional

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 4.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of. (Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

  1. competition – compete
  2. negligence – neglect
  3. cooking – cook
  4. preference – prefer

Question 5.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of.
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. aware – awareness
2. require – requirement

Question 6.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of.
Answer:

  1. nutrition – nutritional
  2. female – feminine
  3. tradition – traditional
  4. saturate – saturated
  5. addition – additional

Question 7.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of. (Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

  1. competition – compete
  2. negligence – neglect
  3. cooking – cook
  4. preference – prefer

Question 8.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of.
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

  1. aware – awareness
  2. require – requirement

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Choose the tail tags given in the brackets and complete the following sentences:
(isn’t she?, hadn’t he?, wasn’t he?, weren’t they?) (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

  1. Her father was a keen wrestler in his younger age; wasn’t he?
  2. Dingko Singh had inspired many youngsters in Manipur, hadn’t he?
  3. Her parents were tenant farmers in jhum fields, weren’t they?
  4. She is famed as a five times World Boxing Champion, isn’t she?

Question 2.
Underline the subordinate clause in the given sentence and state its kind.
Enough has been said about this great warrior, who conquered the world.
Answer:
Enough has been said about this great warrior who conquered the world – Adjective clause.

Question 3.
Identify the tense:

  1. Sometimes it becomes really difficult to keep them under control.
  2. They took care of everything.
  3. In a few years boxing will be very popular among everyone in India.
  4. You have broken several stereotypes about the women in India.

Answer:

  1. Simple Present Tense
  2. Simple Past Tense
  3. Simple Future Tense
  4. Present Perfect Tense.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Pick out the subordinate clause and state its kind:

Question 1.
Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Answer:
Subordinate clause – (that) nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Kind-Noun clause.

Question 2.
Identify the tense:

  1. Sometimes it becomes really difficult to keep them under control.
  2. They took care of everything.
  3. In a few years boxing will be very popular among everyone in India.
  4. You have several stereotypes about the women in India.

Answer:

  1. Simple Present Tense
  2. Simple Past Tense
  3. Simple Future Tense
  4. Present Perfect Tense.

Pick out the subordinate clause and state its kind:

Question 1.
Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Answer:
Subordinate clause – (that) nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Kind-Noun clause.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 2.
That’s the best thing, that has happened to me
Answer:
Subordinate clause – that has happened to me.
Kind-Adjective clause.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
She came from a poor family.
(Rewrite as a negative sentence without changing its meaning.)
Answer:
She didn’t come from a rich family.

Question 2.
Her father was a keen wrestler.
(Rewrite the sentence in simple present tense.)
Answer:
Her father is a keen wrestler.

Question 3.
Charles Atkinson was not allowed to accompany Mary to the Olympics.
Answer:
Charles Atkinson was prevented from accompanying Mary to the Olympics.

Question 4.
Mary was the only female representative from India in boxing. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
No other female representative except Mary represented India in boxing.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 5.
Some of the decisions were unfortunate. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
Some of the decisions were not fortunate.

Question 6.
Some of the decisions did not work to my benefit. (Make it Affirmative.)
Answer:
Some of the decisions hardly worked to my benefit.

Underline the subordinate clause and state its kind: (Subordinate clauses are directly underlined.)

Question 1.
Underline the subordinate clause and state its kind:
(Subordinate clauses are directly underlined.)
Answer:
1. The male boxers were kind enough to practise with me, whenever I required them.
Kind: Adverb clause of time
2. I think more and more people should take up sports as a full-time career.
Kind: Noun clause.
3. India managed just 6 medals in the 2012 Olympics, even though we are a nation of 1.3 billion people.
Kind: Adverb clause of contrast/condition.

Question 2.
Complete the words by using correct letters:
Answer:

  1. b o _ e r – boxer
  2. t r _ i n – train
  3. sp_rts – sports
  4. f i _ h t – fight

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 3.
Put the words in alphabetical order:
1. boxing, elation, success, change
2. awareness, award, already, achievement
Answer:
1. boxing, change, elation, success
2. achievement, already, award, awareness

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. mary said trained hard in pune and the male boxers were kind enough to practise with me whenever required them
2. interviewer asked mary kom what do you prefer being called super mom or super boxer
Answer:
1. Mary said, “I trained hard in Pune and the male boxers were kind enough to practise with me whenever I required them.”
2. Interviewer asked Mary Kom, “What do you prefer being called-Super Mom or Super Boxer?”

Question 5.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the word: ‘representative’
Answer:

  1. present
  2. native
  3. rent
  4. rate

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 6.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom 8

Question 7.
Complete the word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word.
start, → t…………., …………., …………., ………….
Answer:
start, → treat, take, enter, redress.

1. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to be successful.’ :
Ans.
Hardwork and perseverance are the key ; components to be successful in life.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to the sentence to expand it meaningfully:
This is our world
Ans.
This is our world where we can get strange experiences.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

2. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words:
1. amaze
2. educate
Answer:
1. amaze – amazing
2. educate – educated, education

OR

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. amaze
2. educate
Answer:
1. I was amazed at her general knowledge.
2. It is the duty of our government to educate every child of our country.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe your favourite sportswoman.
Answer:
Saina Nehwal is my favorite sports woman. She is the ace badminton player representing India. She started playing badminton at a tender age of eight. She was trained by Nani Prasad and was under strict fitness regime prepared by her trainer. She proved her mettle in 2006 when she became under-19 National Champion in badminton. She is one of the athletes supported by ‘Olympic Gold Quest’-a foundation that supports athletes, who have potential to win Olympic gold.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 2.
Do you like games? Why?
Answer:
Yes. I like games because it makes me active and energetic. It builds my mental and physical power. It develops my concentration. Overall, it develops my personality so I play different games.

Question 3.
Do you think financial support is very necessary for the sportsmen? Why?
Answer:
The sportsmen whose financial condition is not good cannot afford proper diet due to lack of money. They can neither buy sports material necessary for them nor participate in some important events due to shortage of money. If they get good financial support, they can get training from a good coach to improve their game. So it is very necessary for them to get financial support.

Question 4.
Name some sportswomen you know:
Answer:

  1. Saina Nehwal
  2. P.V. Sindhu
  3. Mithali Raj
  4. Geeta Phogat
  5. Sania Mirza
  6. Anjali Bhagwat

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom - Mary Kom

Question 5.
What is Mary Kom more proud of being a boxer or a mother?
Answer:
It is well said, ‘The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.’ She is more proud of being a mother because she knows with her hands she can make lives of her kids. Mother is next to God-in fact a visible God, so even on the ground she thinks about her children. Children are the first priority in her life, because she has to nurture her children and bring them up with love and care.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

Question 1.
Have you ever participated in or visited a science exhibition?
Answer:
Yes, last year I along with my friends participated in ward level science exhibition and selected for district level exhibition.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Question 2.
Did you observe/learn any new things there ? What are those ?
Answer:
Yes, we observed and learnt a lot there.

  1. Everyone was busy in his/her experiment.
  2. Everyone was trying to prove something. We learnt that if we work consistently we can achieve anything in our life.
  3. The pairs or groups of students were working hard together to make the exhibit successful.

Question 3.
“Scientists have to work very hard and make many sacrifices for years to achieve success in their experiments”. Why?
Answer:
Hard work is the key to success. While working on any project they forget everything around them and concentrate on the experiment while doing so they sacrifice their health, hunger, family, likes, hobbies and then only they are able to carry out the undertaken experiment and get the results of it.

Question 4.
What is the difference between a discovery and an invention?
Answer:
Discovery is the process of finding information, a place or an object, especially for the first time. It is an act of finding something which is in existence but not known before. Invention is something that has never been made or processed before. It is something newly designed or created.

1. Discuss in pairs/groups about the precautions one has to take while working in a science laboratory. Write them in the form of Dos and Dont’s:

Question 1.
Discuss in pairs/groups about the precautions one has to take while working in a science laboratory. Write them in the form of Dos and Dont’s:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 1
Answer:

Dos Don’ts
1. Handle test tubes and glass apparatus with care. 1. Don’t touch chemicals with bare hands.
2. Inform the lab attendant if there is a problem. 2. Don’t eat, drink, chew gum or apply cosmetics in the lab.
3. Wash your hands before you leave the lab for the day. 3. Do not work with chemical until you are sure of their safe handling.
4. Wear appropriate safety attire when in the laboratory-safety goggles, lab aprons, etc. 4. Do not use the phone or computer with gloves on your hands.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

2. Study the underlined Predicate in each of the sentences below and note the difference:

Question 1.
Study the underlined Predicate in each of the sentences below and note the difference:
Answer:
1. I met Debbie, [(verb (met) + noun (Debbie)]
We study Grammar, [verb (study) + noun (Grammar)]
(The object answers WHAT? or WHO? when asked to the verb.)

2. He become tired, [(verb (become) + complement (tired)]
They are hungry, [(verb (are) + complement (hungry)]
The verbs (became/are) incomplete without the words that follow (tired/hungry.) So ‘tired’ and ‘hungry’ are Complements of the verbs ‘became’ and ‘are’.)

3. She spoke softly.
They live here.
He turned early.
(The verbs in the Predicates are followed by Adverbials since they indicate
How?/Where/When the action in the verb takes place.)
Now Say whether the Predicate in the following sentence contain Object or Complement or Adverbial after the verb:
Answer:
(a) He looked upwards. Complement
(b) My brother is injured. Complement
(c) We scored a goal. Object
(d) We beat the opponents. Object
(e) She answered perfectly. Adverbial
(f) The guests arrived early. Adverbial
(g) I shall be happy. Complement
(h) You wrote the address. Object

English Workshop:

1. Write one sentence each, why the following years were landmarks in the lives of Pierre and Marie Curie:

Question 1.
Write one sentence each, why the following years were landmarks in the lives of Pierre and Marie Curie: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

  1. 1895 – Marie and Pierre got married.
  2. 1902 – Radium was discovered.
  3. 1903 – The Curies along with Henry Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of Radium and Polonium.
  4. 1906 – Pierre was knocked down and killed by a horse-drawn wagon.
  5. 1911 – Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize for the second time for Chemistry.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

2. Complete the web diagram with the qualities of Madame Curie:

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram with the qualities of Madame Curie:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 2
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 3

3. Name the following:

Question (a)
Two discoverers of New lands.
1. ……………………..
2. …………………….
Answer:
1. Columbus
2. Vasco da Gama

Question (b)
Two conquerers of the peak of Mt. Everest.
1. …………………..
2. ………………….
Answer:
1. Hillary
2. Tenzing

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Question (c)
Original name of Madame Curie.
…………………………………………….
Answer:
Marja Sklowdaska

Question (d)
Her place of birth.
………………………………………………
Answer:
Warsaw, in Poland

Question (e)
Subjects Marie majored in, at the University of Paris.
………………………………………………
Answer:
Physics and Mathematics.

Question (f)
Nationality of her husband Pierre:
………………………………………………
Answer:
French.

Question (g)
Scientist who discovered the properties of uranium-
Answer:
Henri Becquerel

Question (h)
Two radioactive elements discovered by Curies-
Answer:
Polonium and Radium.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

4. Read the text carefully and match the incidents occured in Madam Curie’s life given in table A with the years in table B.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 4

5. Think and answer in your own words.

Question (a)
What common characteristics did Marie and Pierre share, as a student?
Answer:
When Marie went to Sorbonne the University of Paris she spent her days in poverty. Her friend Pierre was brilliant but a poor scientist. Due to lack of money they began to work in a shabby laboratory. Being students they were brilliant scholars but poverty was an obstacle in their way.

Question (b)
Which of the two scientists was greater than the other? Say why.
Answer:
I think Madame Curie was greater than Pierre Curie because she wanted to study in Paris but the poverty at home did not allow her to continue. But with her own efforts and confidence she could fulfil her childhood dream. Even in that condition she got married to a person who was poor. And even after his death, she did not deter and continued her work and was awarded the Nobel Prize. It shows that she was really a great human being and a scientist.

Question (c)
Why was the gift of a ton of pitchblende, a great stroke of luck to the Curies?
Answer:
Being very expensive the Curies couldn’t buy pitchblende on a large scale but when their admirer, the emperor of Austria gifted them the most precious gift of a ton of pitchblende they could do their experiment on a large scale and find out what they wanted to achieve. So it was a great stroke of luck to the Curies.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Question (d)
Besides the uses of Radium and Polonium mentioned in the text, in what other way do you think, it is used in the field of medicine?
Answer:
Radium is used to produce radon gas which in turn, is used to treat cancer. Radiation given off by radium is sometimes used also to study the composition of metals, plastics and other material.

The alpha rays emitted by Polonium can be used to eliminate static electricity. Polonium is also used in anti-static brushes to eliminate dust on photographic film.

Question (e)
What proves that Marie Curie was a true lover of humanity and not of wealth?
Answer:
Marie Curie could have patented her discovery and earned a lot of money. But she believed in working for Science and whatever she discovered belonged to the people and not to her so in real sense she thought about humanity not money. She was a true lover of humanity and not of wealth.

6. Find words/phrases from the text that are synonyms of the word ‘brave’:

Question 1.
Find words/phrases from the text that are synonyms of the word ‘brave’:
Answer:
courageous indomitable powerful

7. Read and understand the following words. Find out/search for proverbs/thoughts/quotes/ slogans that are related to each of them:

Question 1.
Read and understand the following words. Find out/search for proverbs/thoughts/quotes/ slogans that are related to each of them:
Answer:
(a) Courage: Courage is the complement of fear. One with courage to laugh is master of the world. Courage is a kingdom without a crown.
(b) Strength of character: Knowledge will give you power, but weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.
(c) Determination: A dream doesn’t become reality through magic, it takes sweat, determination and hardwork. The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in a man’s determination.
(d) Hard-work: Success is the result of perfection, hardwork, learning from failure, loyalty and persistence. There is simply no substitute for hardwork when it comes to achieving success.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

8. Match the branches of Science with what fields they study:

Question 1.
Match the branches of Science with what fields they study:

’A’ B’
(a) Ecology (i) Study of Atmosphere
(b) Geology (ii) Study of Plant-life
(c) Meteorology (iii) Study of the Universe
(d) Anatomy (iv) Study of living organisms and environment
(e) Botany (v) Study of human mind and emotions
(f) Psychology (vi) Study of structure and functions of the body
(g) Cosmology (vii) Study of solid earth and rocks

Answer:
(a) Ecology – Study of living organisms and environment
(b) Geology – Study of solid earth and rocks
(c) Meteorology – Study of Atmosphere
(d) Anatomy – Study of structure and functions of the body
(e) Botany – Study of Plant-life
(f) Psychology – Study of human mind and emotions
(g) Cosmology – Study of the Universe

9. Imagine that your school needs some Scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory. Being the in-charge of Science Committee, write a letter to the Headmaster of your school suggesting him some Scientific equipment and apparatus required for Standard X Science practicals. Take help of the information given below to complete your letter.

Question 1.
Imagine that your school needs some Scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory. Being the in-charge of Science Committee, write a letter to the Headmaster of your school suggesting him some Scientific equipment and apparatus required for Standard X Science practicals. Take help of the information given below to complete your letter.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 5
Answer:
Sanjay Sharma,
In-charge of Science Committee,
New English High School,
Akola-444 001.
1 January, 2020.

To,
The Headmaster,
New English High School,
Akola.
Subject: Requirement of scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory.

Respected sir,

With regard to learning Science content, processes and views of the nature of Science experiments play significant role in Science. As per the new syllabus, new subjects and some experiments are included in revised Science coursebooks. Experiments give immense pleasure of self-learning and observations.

The equipment and apparatus that we have been using in our Science laboratory are outdated and rarely of any use. If we bring some new, definitely it will arose interest in learning Science and doing some experiments on our own. Being in-charge of Science Committee, I request you on behalf of all students and teachers to bring following equipment and apparatus in our Science laboratory.

  1. 2 compound microscope
  2. 2 Hand lens
  3. 6 Beakers
  4. 3 Beakers Tongs
  5. 3 Test Tube holder
  6. Thermometer
  7. Safety goggles-6
  8. 6 funnels
  9. 1 microwave oven
  10. 2 pipette
  11. Graduated Cylinder
  12. Vernier Calliper
  13. Meters
  14. Compass
  15. Stop clock

You are well aware that due to lack of equipment our Science teachers can’t conduct some experiments in the lab.

Hope you will understand our difficulty and buy the listed equipment and apparatus as early as possible so that the subject of Science can be well understood by doing various experiments in the laboratory.
Anticipating your valuable help in this respect.

Thanking you,

Yours obediently,
Sanjay Sharma
In-charge of Science Committee.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

10. ‘There is no short-cut to success’. Expand this maxim with a suitable introduction, body, examples and conclusion. Write it in your notebook in about 20 lines.

Question 1.
‘There is no short-cut to success’. Expand this maxim with a suitable introduction, body, examples and conclusion. Write it in your notebook in about 20 lines.
Answer:
‘There is no Short-cut to Success.’
It is often said that success requires hardwork and great diligence as well as commitment. This makes success a long-term achievement. Everybody thinks that there are some easier ways to live life, no need to work hard for livelihood but the truth is that easier ways are always the toughest ways. Most of us forget that for reaching success, the road is not strewn with roses. Success is an achievement by constant diligence and most of us lack the essential quality, diligence. The magic of hardwork and perseverance cannot be underestimated.

Most of the time it happens that we start our efforts but soon lose heart half-way and give up our efforts and thus fail to reach the pinnacle of success. If we have the confidence in our efforts, there is nothing that can deter us from achieving. Sitting in front of Television and watching the shopping network channel, fascinating over the new-miracle making abs machine which promises you the six- pack abs only in 5 minutes of daily exercises, you think that product is heaven sent, so you grab your phone book the order and start dreaming about your perfect body. Two months later, that wonder abs machine is at the back of your master closet gathering dust. As you can see, you will have to do the work when reaching a goal and the success that comes with it.

You have to understand that you might have to make sacrifices during your journey and you need to put in the hours required in order to get where you want to reach. Those who sit pretty and just complain about the success of others are the ones who do not do much in life. Those who make continuous efforts for a long time in the right direction rarely lose in the struggle of life. So one important password for all of us to follow is that there is no short cut to success.

Project:

The life and work and inventions of Marie Curie are given in detail in the text. Go to your library or search on internet at least five famous scientists who have given great inventions to the world and write about them or prepare a chart showing the information about them.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Language Study:

1. Pick out the Prefixes and Suffixes from the following words and find the root word:

Question 1.
Pick out the Prefixes and Suffixes from the following words and find the root word:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 6
Answer:

Word Prefix Suffix Root Word
1. unattainable un able attain
2. indomitable in able
3. disheartening dis ing hearten
4. incalculable in able calculate
5. disconsolate dis ate console
6. ensuring en ing sure

2. Say whether the Predicates in the sentences below contain Objects/Complements/Adverbials:

Question (A)
Say whether the Predicates in the sentences below contain Objects/Complements/Adverbials: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) Madame Curie discovered radium. – Object
(b) Pierre was knocked down. – Complement
(c) Pitchblende was expensive. – Complement
(d) The couple took a flat. – Object
(e) They moved cautiously, success came finally. – Adverbial

Question (B)
Pick out the Conjunctions in the following sentences and say whether they are Subordinators or Coordinators.
Answer:
(a) There are women who show extreme courage. – who – subordinator
(b) Pitchblende was an extremely expensive substance, so they could not afford to buy. – so-subordinator
(c) After her daily household work, Marie settled down to studv. – After-subordinator
(d) Marie wanted to study in Paris but her father could not afford it. – but-coordinator
(e) History is full of chapters that tell of extraordinary people! – that-subordinator

Live English!

Question (a)
What is Blogging?
Answer:
The term blog is short for web log. It is an online public diary which lists each diary entry in reverse order so that new diary entries are placed on the top of the page, and older entries are placed below. Each entry is called a post.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Question (b)
Who Blogs?
Answer:
Anyone can create a blog, if they have a basic understanding of the way the software works. There are privately owned blogs on individual webpages, which require a little knowledge about creating webpages, but there are also blog creation services which allow you to quickly and easily set up your own blog. You can add posts as often as you like, and can say almost anything that you want. Blogs are created for a lot of different reasons, and by many different people.

Question (c)
What Are Blogs About?
Answer:
There are many topics that a blog may contain, depending on who is updating it and why. Many blogs provide news or comment in response to a particular subject, like local news, politics or even hobbies. Food blogs are popular for people who want to share recipes, and many political activists and writers have blogs which are used to respond to current political topics. Many blogs also function as personal online diaries.

Question (d)
Blog Classification
Answer:
A blog is usually textual, based on news and commentary, although there are other types of blogs which are gaining popularity. Artlogs are blogs which focus on art, Photoblogs focus on photography, Sketch- blogs focus on sketching, and so on. There are also a few specialised types of blogs, including Vblogging or video blogging, and Podcasting or audio blogging.

Question (e)
Creating a Blog on the Internet
Answer:
If you have a good understanding of webpage design and development, you may be able to create your own blog on a personal website. Otherwise, your best option is to choose a website that does the setting up for you, so that all you have to do is join, customise a little and begin to write. There are many blog websites like www.livejournal.com, www.wordpress.com, www.blogger.com or www.blogs.myspace.com which will allow you to quickly and easily create your own blog. They also give you the option to set controls so that you can choose to allow only friends or only yourself to read them.

Question (f)
Blog Popularity
Answer:
Blogs are becoming more and more popular for many reasons. This is because they offer a wealth of information on a lot of different topics. They also drive traffic to websites by attracting new visitors with interesting blog column commentary. Blogs are a great tool because they allow anyone to express themselves on the Internet. If you are looking for a way to express yourself online, or to share information regarding a favourite subject of yours, beginning your own blog may be the best option for you because everyone has an opinion on the Internet, and soon everyone will have their own personal weblog too.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Now with the help of your teacher create your own Blog on one of the following given topics.

1. Your experiences and recently celebrated birthday party.
2. Your expectations from the school.
3. Describe the surroundings of your residence.
4. Describe a cultural programme/campaign/project conducted at your school.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 7

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Write the importance of the years. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. 1867-Marie Curie was born.
2. 1895-Marie and Pierre got married.

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

  1. Pitchblende is a black, very hard and cheap substance – False
  2. Men could see many substances through the powerful rays of Uranium. – True
  3. The emperor of Austria gifted a ton of pitchblende to the Curies – True
  4. The Curies sacrificed all their luxuries of life to save money to buy pitchblende. – True

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Name the following:

Question 1.
An admirer of the Curies.
Answer:
The emperor of Austria.

Question 2.
A black, very hard and expensive substance-
Answer:
Pitchblende.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What qualities do great achievers possess?
Answer:
Great achievers possess qualities like commitment, courage, dedication and singleness of
purpose in their effort.

Question 2.
What information do you get about Marie’s early life?
Answer:
Marie was born in a poor family. Her childhood dream was to study Science in Paris but her father could not afford the expenses for this. So she worked as a governess and saved a little money and went to Sorbonne, the University of Paris to study science. Thus she worked hard in her childhood to fulfil her dream.

Question 3.
What are the signs of poverty suffered by the young couple? ( wt WT oTFlcft?)
Answer:
The young couple was very poor indeed. They started their journey from a shabby laboratory. They took a flat in Paris which contained hardly any furniture. Marie used to work and settle down to study in laboratory in a wooden shed near their flat. It had a leaky skylight and an earthen floor. All these things are the signs of poverty suffered by the young couple.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

  1. Madame Curie dedicated her life to the cause of Science and to the welfare of humanity.
  2. The qualities that great achievers possess are extraordinary courage, determination and singleness of purpose.
  3. Marie Curie could not study Science in Paris and fulfil her childhood dream because her father could not afford the expenses of her studies.
  4. Marie and Pierre set up a laboratory in a wooden shed near their flat.

Question 5.
What proves Marie’s strong will power?
Answer:
When the couple could not buy pitchblende which was an expensive substance they sacrificed all the luxuries of life to save money. They lived in extreme poverty. They could not buy costly food and warm clothes for extremely cold Parisian winter. They could not sleep due to lack of warmth. Marie refused to take rest whenever her husband begged her to give up the struggle. All the above incidents prove that Marie had a strong will power to achieve the aim of her life.

Question 6.
Why were the two new substances named Polonium and Radium?
Answer:
When Pierre and Marie found two new substances in their new discovery, she called one Polonium in honour of her country Poland and being the most powerful of the radioactive elements another was called “Radium”.

Question 7.
Which gift did she receive from the emperor of Austria? Why was it the most precious for them?
Answer:
Pitchblende is a very expensive substance which Pierre and Marie could not afford to buy in large quantity for their experiments. The emperor of Austria was an admirer of the Curies. So he gifted them a ton of pitchblende so that the Curies could carry out their experiments easily.

Question 8.
How is radium used in the medical field?
Answer:
The benefits of radium in the world of medicine are incalculable. It has been used with great effect in treatment of cancer. The bacteria of such diseases as typhus, cholera and anthrax can also be killed by radium so it was a great gift in the medical field.

Question 9.
How did Pierre meet with an early death?
Answer:
In 1906 Pierre was knocked down and killed by a horse – drawn wagon and thus met with an early death leaving Marie disconsolate.

Question 10.
What makes Marie Curie an exceptional scientist?
Answer:
When Marie and Perrie discovered Radium and Polonium they could have patented their discovery and become rich but Marie refused to do so and gave it free to the world and the world of medicine. She also believed that Radium belongs to the people not to her. She worked selflessly without expecting money. Her humanity and selflessness make Marie Curie an exceptional scientist.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Question 11.
Describe how Curies first sighted Radium. What was its colour?
Answer:
After continuing their work for more than four years on a September night, the Curies after a day’s tiresome work, went to the laboratory to have another look at the hundreds of small bowls into which they had poured filtered pitchblende. While moving forward in the dark laboratory they found rays of soft, bluish purple light coming from the small glass-covered bowls. Thus they sighted the Radium for the first time. Its colour was bluish purple.

Activity-based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find out the words from the passage which mean:

  1. unbeatable
  2. discouraging
  3. hardly
  4. illiteracy

Answer:

  1. indomitable
  2. disheartening
  3. scarcely
  4. ignorance

Question 2.
Find out antonyms for the following from the passage: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

  1. economical × expensive
  2. poverty × luxury
  3. chill × warmth
  4. worthless × precious

Question 3.
Write down the describing words used for the following nouns:

  1. work
  2. pitchblende
  3. colour
  4. desire.

Answer:

  1. tiresome work
  2. filtered pitchblende
  3. beautiful colour
  4. compulsive desire

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Her father could not afford the expenses of her education in Paris. (Make it affirmative.)
Answer:
Her father was unable to afford the expenses of her education in Paris.

Question 2.
Her life in the University was a disheartening experience in poverty and hunger. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
Her life in the University was not an encouraging/heartening experience in poverty and hunger.

Question 3.
Marie took a job as a governess and saved a little money. (Rewrite using ‘by’ + ing.)
Answer:
Marie saved a little money by taking a job as a governess.

Question 4.
Marie Curie’s childhood dream was to study science in Paris, but her father could not afford the j expense for this. (Rewrite using’Though’.)
Answer:
Though Marie Curie’s childhood dream was to study science in Paris, her father could not afford ; the expense for this.

Change the degree:

Question 1.
Pitchblende was the most precious gift the Curies had received.
Answer:
(a) Positive – No other gift the Curies had, received was as precious as pitchblende.
(b) Comparative – Pitchblende was more precious gift than any other gifts the Curies had received.

Question 2.
Pitchblende is one of the most expensive substances.
Answer:
(a) Positive – Very few substances are as expensive as pitchblende.
(b) Comparative – Pitchblende is more expensive substance than most other substances.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Change the voice:

Question 1.
In 1906, Pierre was knocked down by a horse – drawn wagon. (Begin the sentence with ‘A horse-drawn wagon’.)
Answer:
A horse-drawn wagon knocked down Pierre in 1906.

Question 2.
In 1911, Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize. (Begin the sentence with ‘They’)
Answer:
They awarded Marie the Nobel Prize in 1911.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe your favourite scientist.
Answer:
C.V. Raman who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 is my favourite scientist. He was the first Asian and first non-white to receive any Nobel Prize in Science. He was the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such as the tabla and the Mrudangam. He discovered that, when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength.

Question 2.
What qualities, do you think, are important to get success in our life?
Answer:
There are some key components of success without which we cannot succeed in our life. First our mindset-without a positive mindset the rest of these components won’t have as much power as they should. Staying focused on goal is also important. Besides it, dedication, discipline and determination are important factors to get success in our life.

Question 3.
Why are awards and prizes given to the people in different fields?
Answer:
An award or a prize is something given to a person, in recognition of his or her excellence in a certain field. It may also simply be a public acknowledgement of excellence. It boosts the j recipient’s confidence. It also encourages and inspires him/her to do better in his/her life. It also inspires other people in different fields to achieve something great.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Language Study:

1. Coordinators: Coordinators are words that join grammatically, equal units together. E.g., and, but, or, nor are the main Coordinators.

2. Subordinators: Words whose function is to establish an unequal grammatical relationship are called subordinators. that, for, who, whether, if, because, so. Dependent clauses Principal clause that, for, who, whether, if, because, so subordinate conjunctions (subordinators)

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:
Answer:

  1. bre _ d – bread
  2. b i _ t h – birth
  3. la _ ge – large
  4. p r i _ e – prize

Question 2.
Put these words in alphabetical order:
1. lifeless, hostile, endurance, progress
2. commitment, characterise, courage, costly
Answer:
1. endurance, hostile, lifeless, progress
2. characterise, commitment, costly, courage

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. do you remember the day when you told me that you wanted radium to have a beautiful colour marie said to her husband
2. she replied i am working for science radium belongs to the people not to me
Answer:
1. “Do you remember the day when you told me that you wanted radium to have a beautiful colour?” Marie said to her husband.
2. She replied, “I am working for science. Radium belongs to the people, not to me.”

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Question 4.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word: ‘ incalculable’
Answer:

  1. ill
  2. call
  3. able
  4. cube

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity 8

Question 6.
Complete the word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word!
eat → t……….., ……………, ………….., …………….
Answer:
eat → take , extend , develop , paddle.

1. Attempt any one:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence of your own using the phrase: ‘to fight against ’
Answer:
Kailash Satyarthi has been fighting against child labour for the last several years.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully:
The history is the subject ………………. .
Answer:
The history is the subject which gives the narration of episodes happened in the past.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

2. Attempt any one:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words :
1. ignore
2. dedicate
Answer:
1. ignorance
2. dedication

OR

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words :
1. ignore
2. dedicate
Answer:
1. Don’t ignore your parent’s advice.
2. Dedicate your life for poor; the father told his son.

Live English:

Blogging:

  1. Terms – (Blogging)
  2. Blog – Web log which is an online public diary.
  3. Purpose – Anybody can create blog for any reason.
  4. About – Function as personal online diaries
  5. Types – Artlogs – Focus on art
  6. Photologs – Focus on photography
  7. Sketch – Focus on sketching
    blogging – Video blogging
  8. Podcasting – Audio blogging
  9. Creating – You can create your own blog on a personal website or any other websites like www.livejournal.com, www.wordpress.com, www.blogger. corn, www.blogs.rny-space.com
  10. Popularity – Blogs allow anyone to express themselves on the Internet and it becomes popular if people like it.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

Steps of creating blogs:

Starting a blog is the best way to share your Ideas and expertise online.
Follow the given steps to create your blog.

  • Choose your blogging platform. (word press)
  • Choose a Domain name. (www.yourblog.com)
  • Sign up with Web Host and install Word Press (www.bluehost.com is good hosting provider)
  • Sign up with a web hosting.
  • Choose the hosting plan.
  • Choose the domain name you want.
  • Complete your registration.
  • Install wordpress with one-click installation.
  • Log into your new blog.
  • Customizing and choosing a blog theme.
  • Adding Post and Pages.
  • Get Traffic and monetize your blog.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

1. Discuss in groups whether you would like to join the Armed Forces. Yes/No. Say Why? Why not? Each one should give 2 to 3 reasons for their responses.

Question 1.
Discuss in groups whether you would like to join the Armed Forces. Yes/No. Say Why? Why not? Each one should give 2 to 3 reasons for their responses.
Answer:
(a) Yes, I would like to join the Armed Forces because ……………..

  1. It is my passion to serve my country by joining Armed forces.
  2. It gives an opportunity to serve at different places and interact with different people everyday.
  3. It keeps us physically and mentally fit.

(b) No, I wouldn’t like to join the Armed Forces because …………………..

  1. I am not physically and mentally prepared for this field.
  2. I have decided another career option for myself.
  3. I don’t like to leave my parents and live away from them.
  4. I am afraid of wars and killing and disaster that comes with them. I hate them all.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 2.
Also discuss what areas of work are open for women in Armed forces in India.
Answer:
All wings of the Indian Armed Forces allow women in combat roles (Junior rank) and combat supervisory roles (Officers).

  1. They can work in administrative sections in the Armed Forces.
  2. They can work in the medical field as a doctor, nurse or any other related post.
  3. They can join the paramilitary forces of India.

1. Discuss in groups/pairs and make lists of the weapons used in the old times and in the present times:

Question 1.
Discuss in groups/pairs and make lists of the weapons used in the old times and in the present times:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc 1
Answer:

Weapons used in the Past Weapons used nowadays
Sword
Axe
Spear
Shield
Dagger and knives
Rifles, Machine guns,
Tanks, Grenade
Aircraft Submarines
Chemical weapons (gas, etc.)
Biological weapons (germs, etc.)

2. Imagine that you are the captain of your school Kabaddi/Football team. Your final match is against a very strong team. Prepare a short pep-talk of about 60 to 80 words that you would give as a Captain, to encourage your team.

Question 1.
Imagine that you are the captain of your school Kabaddi/Football team. Your final match is against a very strong team. Prepare a short pep-talk of about 60 to 80 words that you would give as a Captain, to encourage your team.
Answer:
My dear teammates,

I have heard about a good quotation-winning or losing a game is not important but playing with spirit is important. We get good and useful experiences as participants. Success is not always about winning but being happy with the participation and playing to fullest ability.

We know that strength of our team is each individual member and the strength of each member is the team. The player that fights and works the hardest will always come out on the top. If you find out the strength in you and push forward to work hard for yourself and for the team, I am sure you can do a lot.

Leave your negativity and get in the habit of the doing things the right way in the game. Blaming others for not reaching your goal is pointless. It is your goal and you are the only one who can achieve it. I know champions are those who work to the point of exhaustion when no one else is watching.

Use your calibre and be a champion and success will be yours.
All the best!

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

3. When different Prepositions are added to the same action verb, meaning of the phrase thus formed changes.

Question 1.
When different Prepositions are added to the same action verb, meaning of the phrase thus formed changes.
Examples:

  1. call out – announce
  2. call at – visit
  3. call far – summon
  4. call up – make a telephone call

Try to guess the meanings of the underlined phrases and write them down:

Question (a)
He promised me to look into the matter.
Answer:
to inspect carefully, to investigate.

Question (b)
He wanted to look for his lost book.
Answer:
to search for.

Question (c)
An epidemic of cholera broke-out in the village.
Answer:
widely spread.

Question (d)
The thieves broke into the apartment.
Answer:
entered by force.

Question (e)
She has to carry out her duty regularly.
Answer:
discharge/perform

Question (f)
You must carry on trying for success.
Answer:
continue

English Workshop:

1. Read the extract from G. B. Shaw’s play on Joan of Arc and fill in the Tree diagram:

Question 1.
Read the extract from G. B. Shaw’s play on Joan of Arc and fill in the Tree diagram: (Answer is directly given.)
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc 2
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc 3

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

2. Pick out from the play 2 lines each that prove the following:

Question 1.
Pick out from the play 2 lines each that prove the following:
Joan of Arc
Her confidence
1. …………………..
2. …………………..
Her courage
1. …………………..
2. …………………..
Her determination
1. …………………..
2. …………………..
Answer:

1. Her confidence 1. The Dauphin will give me, all I need, to free Orleans.
2. Three men will be enough for you to send with me.
2. Her courage 1. You wouldn’t see me. But here I am.
2. I can find a soldier’s armour that will fit me well enough.
3. Her determination 1. There will be no trouble for you, Squire.
2. I will teach them all to fight for France.

3. Match the comparisons as given in the extract:

Question 1.
Match the comparisons as given in the extract:

A B
1. as easy as (a) like sheep
2. as mad as (b) like a rat in the corner
3. drive the soldiers (c) a bit of a miracle
4. The Dauphin is (d) as she is
5. Joan of Arc is (e) the steward
(f) chasing a cow

Answer:

  1. as easy as – chasing a cow
  2. drive the soldiers – like sheep
  3. The Dauphin is – like a rat in a corner
  4. Joan of Arc – a bit of miracle
  5. as mad as – she is

4. Say Why?

Question (a)
Joan wanted to meet the Captain Squire? (%MT wq iN^dl ift?)
Answer:
Captain Squire was to give her a horse, armour and some soldiers and send her to the Dauphin. He thought that she wouldn’t dare to meet him. But being courageous she came to meet the Captain and showed her confidence. She wanted the Captain to give her his order to go to Dauphin, the prince of France.

Question (b)
Joan did not ask for many soldiers from the Captain Squire?
Answer:
Joan did not ask for many soldiers from the Captain Squire because she was fully confident about fighting against the English with a few warriors who would join her in the battle. She was also sure that the Dauphin would give her soldiers and all that she needed to free Orleans.

Question (c)
Poulengey, Jack and Dick offered to accompany Joan?
Answer:
Being kind and a gentleman Jack would go willingly with Joan and even she managed Poulengey as he was sure that she was like a miracle. They had promised to go with Joan because they had faith in her valour. Every one was as mad as she was for freedom of their country; so they had offered to accompany Joan.

Question (d)
French soldiers were always beaten?
Answer:
The French soldiers were always beaten because they used to fight only to save their skins. They used to run away from the battlefield to save their lives. They always cared only for their own lives, and not for their nation.

Question (e)
Captain Squire Robert said, “I wash my hands off it.”-Why did he say so?
Answer:
Captain Squire Robert realised that Joan could inspire anybody. But he was not ready to take any responsibility, because he knew that he was taking a big chance and was not sure about the win. He wanted to stay away if anything went wrong by his decision. He would be responsible only for sending Joan to Dauphin and nothing else. So he said, “I wash myhands off it.”

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

5. Using a dictionary, find the difference between the following pairs of phrases. Make sentences of your own with each of them:

Question 1.
Using a dictionary, find the difference between the following pairs of phrases. Make sentences of your own with each of them:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc 4
Answer:

Phrases Meaning Own Sentences
1. (a) to cut in
(b) to cut out
(a) interrupt
(b) remove/cut
(a) When I was talking with Arjun, Abid cut in our conversation.
(b) The director cut out several scenes when objection was raised by Censor Board.
2. (a) to be held by

(b) to be held up

(a) kept/maintained/will take place
(b) delay/stop/block the movement
(a) The meeting will be held by next Saturday.
(b) The match was held up by heavy rains.
3. (a) to run away
(b) to run for
(a) to leave a place secretely
(b) run for something
(a) He ran away from home when he was only fifteen.
(b) The picnickers ran for shelter when the rain started.
4. (a) to be known as
(b) to be known for
(a) to be best known as
(b) to be famous or known because of something
(a) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is known as Mahatma Gandhi to all of us.
(b) Miller is known for his whimsical paintings and sculpture.
5. (a) to go with
(b) to go after
(a) to choose or accept something
(b) to try to catch or stop something
(a) I think we should go with yellow for the drawing room.
(b) You would better go after her and tell her you’re sorry.
6. (a) to put fire into
(b) to put fire out
(a) heat up/put on the fire.
(b) to extinguish a fire.
(a) She spends much of her time in putting fire into others lives.
(b) The firemen were able to put out the fire before too much damage.

6. From an Indian history book or Internet find out information about Indian Women (queens) who led battles.

Question 1.
From an Indian history book or Internet find out information about Indian Women (queens) who led battles. (For example, Rani of Jhansi and Rani Karnawati of Mewad). Write out 3 points of similarity and 3 points of contrast between any one of the above Indian Queens and Joan of Arc. Write in your own words:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc 5

Answer:

Similarities Contrast
(a) young and beautiful (a) Joan of Arc was unmarried.
(b) brave and courageous (b) She was poor being a peasant girl.
(c) fought for their kingdom/nation. (c) Rani of Jhansi fought for her adopted son and her kingdom. Rani Karnawati of Mewad fought for her kingdom but Joan of Arc fought for her nation and led the French army to several victories during the Hundred Years War.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

7. Read the script from:

Question 1.
Read the script:
Answer:
Joan: Good morning, … … … … … … … … … promised to come with me. On Coursebook page 157.
Write a summary of that part of the script (in Indirect Speech) in 15 to 20 lines.
Answer:
Wishing Good morning to Captain Squire, Joan said that he was to give her a horse and armour and some soldiers, and send her to the Dauphin. Robert felt that, that girl was indeed mad so he asked Steward why he had not told him about it. Hearing this Steward told him not to anger her and requested him to give her what she wanted.

After hearing his remark Robert got furious and told Joan that he would send her back to her father with orders to put her under lock and key. But Joan was confident and told him that he thought he would. But it wouldn’t happen that way. She further said that he said he would not see her but there she was. Robert asked her if she was assuming that he would give her what she wanted.

Joan confidently said that he would do so and continued that a horse would cost sixteen francs. It was a big amount of money. But she could save it on the armour. She didn’t need beautiful armour made to her measure, she could find a soldier’s armour that would fit her well enough. She wouldn’t want many soldiers and the Dauphin would give her all, she needed, to free Orleans. After hearing her Robert was shocked and asked if she could free Orleans. She continued with confidence and told him that, it was true and only three men would be enough for him to send with her. Polly and Jack had promised to come with her.

Language Study:

Question (A)
Make the following sentences affirmative without change of meaning.
(a) Negative: I am not so sure, now.
Affirmative: …………………………………..
(b) Negative: He will not be able to stop them.
Affirmative: …………………………………..
(c) Negative: I dont’t remember.
Affirmative: ……………………………………
(d) Negative: I can do no more.
Affirmative: ……………………………………
(e) Negative: Sir, do not anger her.
Affirmative: ……………………………………
(f) Negative: I shall not want many soldiers.
Affirmative: ……………………………………

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question (B)
Fill in the gaps in the table.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc 6
Answer:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
1. success succeed successful successfully
2. inspiration inspire inspirational inspirationally
3. safety safe safe safely
4. belief believe believable believably
5. thought think thoughtful thoughtfully
6. brightness brighten bright brightly
7. courage encourage courageous courageously
8. haste hasten hasty hastily

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:
Answer:

  1. Military officer – Captain Robert de Baudricourt
  2. A peasant girl – Joan
  3. The oldest son of the King France – Dauphin
  4. The persons who Joan needed to free Orleans – Squire Jack, John Godsave, Dick the Archer, John of
    Honecourt and Julian

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are True or False :
Answer:

  1. Monsieur de Poulengey and Monsieur de Metz want to go with Joan – True
  2. Chinon is one of the cities in England. – False
  3. Poulengey was sure that only miracle can save them. – True
  4. Joan’s words have put fire into Robert. – False

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences: (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

  1. Soldiers called Joan ‘the Maid’.
  2. Joan wanted a soldier’s dress.
  3. The shortest way to save your skin is to run away.
  4. According to Joan, their soldiers
  5. Joan is a person of immense faith.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Was the Dauphin fit to be a Prince and heir?
Answer:
No, Dauphin was not at all fit to be a Prince and heir.

Question 2.
What was the Squire’s opinion about miracles?
Answer:
According to the Squires miracles don’t happen nowadays.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 3.
What did Robert tell the Steward?
Answer:
Robert told the Steward to go with Joan and keep eyes on her.

Question 4.
What did Robert accuse Poulengey of?
Answer:
Robert accused Poulengey that he was as mad as Joan.

Activity-based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find out two adjectives and two adverbs from the passage :
Answer:
1. Adjectives – wrong, mad
2. Adverbs – seriously, obstinately

Question 2.
What shows Joan was a person of immense faith?
Answer:
Robert thought that his soldiers would not be inspired by anything but Joan was very sure that she along with her soldiers would drive the enemy like sheep and there would not be a single English soldier on the soil of France. It shows that Joan was a person of immense faith.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 3.
What made Robert finally agree to the plan?
Answer:
When Robert realized that if Joan could put fire into Poulengey, she could put it into anybody. She could inspire his soldiers too, so he finally agreed to the plan.

Question 4.
Give one word for the following :
Answer:

  1. A person of high rank – Squire
  2. A stupid person – blockhead
  3. To take for granted – to assume
  4. Military unit consisting of armoured fighting vehicles – armour

Question 5.
Find out synonyms:
Answer:

  1. looting – plundering
  2. seriously- gravely
  3. following- chasing
  4. hayfield – meadow.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
He is a very kind gentleman.
(Make it exclamatory.)
Answer:
What a kind gentleman he is!

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 2.
She is a well-built strong country girl.
(Make it exclamatory.)
Answer:
What a well-built, strong country girl she is!

Make the following sentences affirmative without change of meaning:

Question 1.
Sir, do not anger her.
Answer:
Sir, be calm with her.

Question 2.
I shall not want many soldiers.
Answer:
I shall want few soldiers.

Make it affirmative:

Question 1.
I am not sure, now.
Answer:
I am unsure (doubtful) now.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 2.
He will not be able to stop them.
Answer:
He will be unable to stop them.

Choose the correct question tag:

Question 1.
Choose the correct question tag:
(haven they?, doesn’t he?, aren’t you?, am I?)

  1. The Steward retreats hastily.
  2. You are as mad as she is,
  3. I am not so sure now,
  4. Jack and Dick have offered to go with her,

Answer:
doesn’t he? aren’t you? am I? haven’t they?

Rewrite as affirmative sentences:

Question 1.
I don’t remember.
Answer:
I forget.

Question 2.
You do not understand Squire.
Answer:
You fail to understand Squire.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 3.
I can do no more.
Answer:
I am unable to do anything more.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe any brave lady as Joan of Arc, from India who fought for her nation.
Answer:
Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi, was the queen of the Princely state of Jhansi in North India. She was one of the leading figures of the first Indian War of Independence of 1857 and became the symbol of resistance to the British Raj by Indian nationalists.

After the death of her husband, the then Head of the British Government of India, Lord Dalhousie, refused to allow her adopted son to become Raja of Jhansi. British then forcibly took possession of Jhansi. Rani Lakshmibai with Tatya Tope and others fought against the British rule. She sacrificed her life to regain her kingdom.

Question 2.
What is your opinion about Joan?
Answer:
I think Joan was really a courageous and brave lady. She dared to fight against the enemy for her country without caring for her own life and family life. It shows that she was really a patriotic person who was proud of her country and loved her country from the bottom of her heart.

Question 3.
Do you love your country? Why?
Answer:
I love my country from the bottom of my heart. It is the place where I was born, brought up and saw this beautiful world. I owe everything to this country. I always think about the betterment of
my country because I really love my country as it is my birthplace, my motherland.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

  1. h o _ s e
  2. t h i _ k
  3. m o _ e y
  4. c r a _ y

Answer:

  1. horse
  2. t h i n k
  3. m o n e y
  4. c r a z y

Question 2.
Put the words in alphabetical order:
1. order, trouble, captain, promise.
2. assume, armour, afraid, always.
Answer:
1. captain, order, promise, trouble.
2. afraid, always, armour, assume.

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. joan said i dont think it can be very difficult if god is on your side
2. joan said and the dress i may have a soldiers dress squire
Answer:
1. Joan said, “I don’t think it can be very difficult if God is on your side.”
2. Joan said, “And the dress? I may have a soldier’s dress, Squire?”

Question 4.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the word : ‘plundering’
Answer:
plunder, ring, under, pun.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc 7

Question 6.
Complete the word-chain of nouns. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of previous word:
officer, → r…………., …………., …………., ………….
Answer:
officer, → ration , nation , novel, logo.

1. Attempt any one:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence by using the phrase :’ to be afraid of’
Answer:
Most of the people are afraid of ghosts and darkness.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to expand the sentence:
This is the young boy
Answer:
This is the young boy who bagged the National Championship in boxing.

2. Attempt any one:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words.
1. talk
2. except
Answer:
1. talkative
2. exceptional

OR

Maharashtra Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.5 Joan of Arc

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. talk
2. except
Answer:
1. We talked on the phone about our problem.
2. Except Mother, everyone went out for dinner.