# Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Conic Sections Ex 7.1

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Maths Solutions Pdf Chapter 7 Conic Sections Ex 7.1 Questions and Answers.

## Maharashtra State Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Conic Sections Ex 7.1

Question 1.
Find co-ordinates of focus, equation of directrix, length of latus rectum and the co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum of the parabola:
(i) 5y2 = 24x
(ii) y2 = -20x
(iii) 3x2 = 8y
(iv) x2 = -8y
(v) 3y2 = -16x
Solution:
(i) Given equation of the parabola is 5y2 = 24x.
⇒ y2 = $$\frac{24}{5}$$x
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = $$\frac{24}{5}$$
⇒ a = $$\frac{6}{5}$$
Co-ordinates of focus are S(a, 0), i.e., S($$\frac{6}{5}$$, 0)
Equation of the directrix is x + a = 0.
⇒ x + $$\frac{6}{5}$$ = 0
⇒ 5x + 6 = 0
Length of latus rectum = 4a
= 4($$\frac{6}{5}$$)
= $$\frac{24}{5}$$
Co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum are (a, 2a) and (a, -2a),
⇒ $$\left(\frac{6}{5}, \frac{12}{5}\right)$$ and $$\left(\frac{6}{5}, \frac{-12}{5}\right)$$

(ii) Given equation of the parabola is y2 = -20x.
Comparing this equation with y2 = -4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 20
⇒ a = 5
Co-ordinates of focus are S(-a, 0), i.e., S(-5, 0)
Equation of the directrix is x – a = 0
⇒ x – 5 = 0
Length of latus rectum = 4a = 4(5) = 20
Co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum are (-a, 2a) and (-a, -2a),
⇒ (-5, 10) and (-5, -10).

(iii) Given equation of the parabola is 3x2 = 8y
⇒ x2 = $$\frac{8}{3}$$ y
Comparing this equation with x2 = 4by, we get
⇒ 4b = $$\frac{8}{3}$$
⇒ b = $$\frac{2}{3}$$
Co-ordinates of focus are S(0, b), i.e., S(0, $$\frac{2}{3}$$)
Equation of the directrix is y + b = 0,
⇒ y + $$\frac{2}{3}$$ = 0
⇒ 3y + 2 = 0
Length of latus rectum = 4b = 4($$\frac{2}{3}$$) = $$\frac{8}{3}$$
Co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum are (2b, b) and (-2b, b),
⇒ $$\left(\frac{4}{3}, \frac{2}{3}\right)$$ and $$\left(-\frac{4}{3}, \frac{2}{3}\right)$$.

(iv) Given equation of the parabola is x2 = -8y.
Comparing this equation with x2 = -4by, we get
⇒ 4b = 8
⇒ b = 2
Co-ordinates of focus are S(0, -b), i.e., S(0, – 2)
Equation of the directrix is y – b = 0, i.e., y – 2 = 0
Length of latus rectum = 4b = 4(2) = 8
∴ Co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum are (2b, -b) and (-2b, -b), i.e., (4, -2) and (-4, -2).

(v) Given equation of the parabola is 3y2 = -16x.
⇒ y2 = $$-\frac{16}{3}$$x
Comparing this equation withy = -4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = $$\frac{16}{3}$$
⇒ a = $$\frac{4}{3}$$
Co-ordinates of focus are S(-a, 0), i.e., ($$-\frac{4}{3}$$, 0)
Equation of the directrix is x – a = 0,
⇒ x – $$-\frac{4}{3}$$ = 0
⇒ 3x – 4 = 0
Length of latus rectum = 4a = 4($$\frac{4}{3}$$) = $$\frac{16}{3}$$
Co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum are (-a, 2a) and (-a, -2a),
i.e., $$\left(-\frac{4}{3}, \frac{8}{3}\right)$$ and $$\left(-\frac{4}{3},-\frac{8}{3}\right)$$

Question 2.
Find the equation of the parabola with vertex at the origin, the axis along the Y-axis, and passing through the point (-10, -5).
Solution:
Vertex of the parabola is at origin (0, 0) and its axis is along Y-axis.
Equation of the parabola can be either x2 = 4by or x2 = -4by
Since the parabola passes through (-10, -5), it lies in 3rd quadrant.
Required parabola is x2 = -4by.
Substituting x = -10 and y = -5 in x2 = -4by, we get
⇒ (-10)2 = -4b(-5)
⇒ b = $$\frac{100}{20}$$ = 5
∴ The required equation of the parabola is x2 = -4(5)y, i.e., x2 = -20y.

Question 3.
Find the equation of the parabola with vertex at the origin, the axis along the X-axis, and passing through the point (3, 4).
Solution:
Vertex of the parabola is at the origin (0, 0) and its axis is along X-axis.
Equation of the parabola can be either y2 = 4ax or y2 = -4ax.
Since the parabola passes through (3, 4), it lies in the 1st quadrant.
Required parabola is y2 = 4ax.
Substituting x = 3 and y = 4 in y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ (4)2 = 4a(3)
⇒ a = $$\frac{16}{12}=\frac{4}{3}$$
The required equation of the parabola is
y2 = 4($$\frac{4}{3}$$)x
⇒ 3y2 = 16x

Question 4.
Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is O(0, 0) and focus at (-7, 0).
Solution:
Focus of the parabola is S(-7, 0) and vertex is O(0, 0).
Since focus lies on X-axis, it is the axis of the parabola.
Focus S(-7, 0) lies on the left-hand side of the origin.
It is a left-handed parabola.
Required parabola is y = -4ax.
Focus is S(-a, 0).
a = 7
∴ The required equation of the parabola is y2 =-4(7)x, i.e., y2 = -28x.

Question 5.
Find the equation of the parabola with vertex at the origin, the axis along X-axis, and passing through the point
(i) (1, -6)
(ii) (2, 3)
Solution:
(i) Vertex of the parabola is at origin (0, 0) and its axis is along X-axis.
Equation of the parabola can be either y2 = 4ax or y2 = -4ax.
Since the parabola passes through (1, -6), it lies in the 4th quadrant.
Required parabola is y2 = 4ax.
Substituting x = 1 and y = -6 in y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ (-6)2 = 4a(1)
⇒ 36 = 4a
⇒ a = 9
∴ The required equation of the parabola is y2 = 4(9)x, i.e., y2 = 36x.

(ii) Vertex of the parabola is at origin (0, 0) and its axis is along X-axis.
Equation of the parabola can be either y2 = 4ax or y2 = -4ax.
Since the parabola passes through (2, 3), it lies in 1st quadrant.
∴ Required parabola is y2 = 4ax.
Substituting x = 2 and y = 3 in y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ (3)2 = 4a(2)
⇒ 9 = 8a
⇒ a = $$\frac{9}{8}$$
The required equation of the parabola is
y2 = 4($$\frac{9}{8}$$)x
⇒ y2 = $$\frac{9}{2}$$ x
⇒ 2y2 = 9x.

Question 6.
For the parabola 3y2 = 16x, find the parameter of the point:
(i) (3, -4)
(ii) (27, -12)
Solution:
Given the equation of the parabola is 3y2 = 16x.
⇒ y2 = $$\frac{16}{3}$$x
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = $$\frac{16}{3}$$
⇒ a = $$\frac{4}{3}$$
If t is the parameter of the point P on the parabola, then
P(t) = (at2, 2at)
i.e., x = at2 and y = 2at ………(i)
(i) Given point is (3, -4)
Substituting x = 3, y = -4 and a = $$\frac{4}{3}$$ in (i), we get
3 = $$\frac{4}{3}$$ t2 and -4 = 2($$\frac{4}{3}$$) t

∴ The parameter of the given point is $$\frac{-3}{2}$$

(ii) Given point is (27, -12)
Substituting x = 27, y = -12 and a = $$\frac{4}{3}$$ in (i), we get

∴ The parameter of the given point is $$\frac{-9}{2}$$

Question 7.
Find the focal distance of a point on the parabola y2 = 16x whose ordinate is 2 times the abscissa.
Solution:
Given the equation of the parabola is y2 = 16x.
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 16
⇒ a = 4
Since ordinate is 2 times the abscissa,
y = 2x
Substituting y = 2x in y2 = 16x, we get
⇒ (2x)2 = 16x
⇒ 4x2 = 16x
⇒ 4x2 – 16x = 0
⇒ 4x(x – 4) = 0
⇒ x = 0 or x = 4
When x = 4,
focal distance = x + a = 4 + 4 = 8
When x = 0,
focal distance = a = 4
∴ Focal distance is 4 or 8.

Question 8.
Find coordinates of the point on the parabola. Also, find focal distance.
(i) y2 = 12x whose parameter is $$\frac{1}{3}$$
(ii) 2y2 = 7x whose parameter is -2
Solution:
(i) Given equation of the parabola is y2 = 12x.
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 12
⇒ a = 3
If t is the parameter of the point P on the parabola, then
P(t) = (at2, 2at)
i.e., x = at2 and y = 2at ……..(i)
Given, t = $$\frac{1}{3}$$
Substituting a = 3 and t = $$\frac{1}{3}$$ in (i), we get
x = 3($$\frac{1}{3}$$)2 and y = 2(3)($$\frac{1}{3}$$)
x = $$\frac{1}{3}$$ and y = 2
The co-ordinates of the point on the parabola are ($$\frac{1}{3}$$, 2)
∴ Focal distance = x + a
= $$\frac{1}{3}$$ + 3
= $$\frac{10}{3}$$

(ii) Given equation of the parabola is 2y2 = 7x.
⇒ y2 = $$\frac{7}{2}$$x
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = $$\frac{7}{2}$$
⇒ a = $$\frac{7}{8}$$
If t is the parameter of the point P on the parabola, then
P(t) = (at2, 2at)
i.e., x = at2 and y = 2at …..(i)
Given, t = -2
Substituting a = $$\frac{7}{8}$$ and t = -2 in (i), we get
x = $$\frac{7}{8}$$(-2)2 and y = 2($$\frac{7}{8}$$)(-2)
x = $$\frac{7}{2}$$ and y = $$\frac{-7}{2}$$
The co-ordinates of the point on the parabola are ($$\frac{7}{2}$$, $$\frac{-7}{2}$$)
∴ Focal distance = x + a
= $$\frac{7}{2}$$ + $$\frac{7}{8}$$
= $$\frac{35}{8}$$

Question 9.
For the parabola y2 = 4x, find the coordinates of the point whose focal distance is 17.
Solution:
Given the equation of the parabola is y2 = 4x.
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 4
⇒ a = 1
Focal distance of a point = x + a
Given, focal distance = 17
⇒ x + 1 = 17
⇒ x = 16
Substituting x = 16 in y2 = 4x, we get
⇒ y2 = 4(16)
⇒ y2 = 64
⇒ y = ±8
∴ The co-ordinates of the point on the parabola are (16, 8) or (16, -8).

Question 10.
Find the length of the latus rectum of the parabola y2 = 4ax passing through the point (2, -6).
Solution:
Given equation of the parabola is y2 = 4ax and it passes through point (2, -6).
Substituting x = 2 and y = -6 in y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ (-6)2 = 4a(2)
⇒ 4a = 18
∴ Length of latus rectum = 4a = 18 units

Question 11.
Find the area of the triangle formed by the line joining the vertex of the parabola x2 = 12y to the endpoints of the latus rectum.
Solution:

Given the equation of the parabola is x2 = 12y.
Comparing this equation with x2 = 4by, we get
⇒ 4b = 12
⇒ b = 3
The co-ordinates of focus are S(0, b), i.e., S(0, 3)
End points of the latus-rectum are L(2b, b) and L'(-2b, b),
i.e., L(6, 3) and L'(-6, 3)
Also l(LL’) = length of latus-rectum = 4b = 12
l(OS) = b = 3
Area of ∆OLL’ = $$\frac{1}{2}$$ × l(LL’) × l(OS)
= $$\frac{1}{2}$$ × 12 × 3
Area of ∆OLL’ = 18 sq. units

Question 12.
If a parabolic reflector is 20 cm in diameter and 5 cm deep, find its focus.
Solution:

Let LOM be the parabolic reflector such that LM is the diameter and ON is its depth.
It is given that ON = 5 cm and LM = 20 cm.
LN = 10 cm
Taking O as the origin, ON along X-axis and a line through O ⊥ ON as Y-axis.
Let the equation of the reflector be y2 = 4ax ……(i)
The point L has the co-ordinates (5, 10) and lies on parabola given by (i).
Substituting x = 5 and y = 10 in (i), we get
⇒ 102 = 4a(5)
⇒ 100 = 20a
⇒ a = 5
Focus is at (a, 0), i.e., (5, 0)

Question 13.
Find co-ordinates of focus, vertex, and equation of directrix and the axis of the parabola y = x2 – 2x + 3.
Solution:
Given equation of the parabola is y = x2 – 2x + 3
⇒ y = x2 – 2x + 1 + 2
⇒ y – 2 = (x – 1)2
⇒ (x – 1)2 = y – 2
Comparing this equation with X2 = 4bY, we get
X = x – 1, Y = y – 2
⇒ 4b = 1
⇒ b = $$\frac{1}{4}$$
The co-ordinates of vertex are (X = 0, Y = 0)
⇒ x – 1 = 0 and y – 2 = 0
⇒ x = 1 and y = 2
The co-ordinates of vertex are (1, 2).
The co-ordinates of focus are S(X = 0, Y = b)
⇒ x – 1 = 0 and y – 2 = $$\frac{1}{4}$$
⇒ x = 1 and y = $$\frac{9}{4}$$
The co-ordinates of focus are (1, $$\frac{9}{4}$$)
Equation of the axis is X = 0
x – 1 = 0, i.e., x = 1
Equation of directrix is Y + b = 0
⇒ y – 2 + $$\frac{1}{4}$$ = 0
⇒ y – $$\frac{7}{4}$$ = 0
⇒ 4y – 7 = 0

Question 14.
Find the equation of tangent to the parabola
(i) y2 = 12x from the point (2, 5)
(ii) y2 = 36x from the point (2, 9)
Solution:
(i) Given equation of the parabola is y2 = 12x.
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 12
⇒ a = 3
Equation of tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax having slope m is
y = mx + $$\frac{a}{m}$$
Since the tangent passes through the point (2, 5)
⇒ 5 = 2m + $$\frac{3}{m}$$
⇒ 5m = 2m2 + 3
⇒ 2m2 – 5m + 3 = 0
⇒ 2m2 – 2m – 3m + 3 = 0
⇒ 2m(m – 1) – 3(m – 1) = 0
⇒ (m- 1)(2m – 3) = 0
⇒ m = 1 or m = $$\frac{3}{2}$$
These are the slopes of the required tangents.
By slope point form, y – y1 = m(x – x1), the equations of the tangents are
⇒ y – 5 = 1(x – 2) and y – 5 = $$\frac{3}{2}$$ (x – 2)
⇒ y – 5 = x – 2 and 2y – 10 = 3x – 6
⇒ x – y + 3 = 0 and 3x – 2y + 4 = 0

(ii) Given equation of the parabola is y2 = 36x.
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 36
⇒ a = 9
Equation of tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax having slope m is
y = mx + $$\frac{a}{m}$$
Since the tangent passes through the point (2, 9),
⇒ 9 = 2m + $$\frac{9}{m}$$
⇒ 9m = 2m2 + 9
⇒ 2m2 – 9m + 9 = 0
⇒ 2m2 – 6m – 3m + 9 = 0
⇒ 2m(m – 3) – 3(m – 3) = 0
⇒ (m – 3)(2m – 3) = 0
⇒ m = 3 or m = $$\frac{3}{2}$$
These are the slopes of the required tangents.
By slope point form, y – y1 = m(x – x1), the equations of the tangents are
⇒ y – 9 = 3(x – 2) and y – 9 = $$\frac{3}{2}$$ (x – 2)
⇒ y – 9 = 3x – 6 and 2y – 18 = 3x – 6
⇒ 3x – y + 3 = 0 and 3x – 2y + 12 = 0

Question 15.
If the tangents drawn from the point (-6, 9) to the parabola y2 = kx are perpendicular to each other, find k.
Solution:
Given equation of the parabola is y2 = kx
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = k
⇒ a = $$\frac{\mathrm{k}}{4}$$
Equation of tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax having slope m is
y = mx + $$\frac{a}{m}$$
Since the tangent passes through the point (-6, 9),
⇒ 9 = -6m + $$\frac{k}{4m}$$
⇒ 36m = -24m2 + k
⇒ 24m2 + 36m – k = 0
The roots m1 and m2 of this quadratic equation are the slopes of the tangents.
m1m2 = $$\frac{-\mathrm{k}}{24}$$
Since the tangents are perpendicular to each other,
m1m2 = -1
⇒ $$\frac{-\mathrm{k}}{24}$$ = -1
⇒ k = 24

Alternate method:
We know that, tangents drawn from a point on directrix are perpendicular.
(-6, 9) lies on the directrix x = -a.
⇒ -6 = -a
⇒ a = 6
Since 4a = k
⇒ k = 4(6) = 24

Question 16.
Two tangents to the parabola y2 = 8x meet the tangents at the vertex in the points P and Q. If PQ = 4, prove that the equation of the locus of the point of intersection of two tangents is y2 = 8(x + 2).
Solution:
Given equation of the parabola is y2 = 8x
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 8
⇒ a = 2
Equation of tangent to given parabola at A(t1) is y
t1 = x + 2$$\mathrm{t}_{1}^{2}$$ …….(i)
Equation of tangent to given parabola at B(t2) is y
t2 = x + 2$$\mathrm{t}_{2}^{2}$$ …..(ii)

A tangent at the vertex is Y-axis whose equation is x = 0.
x-coordinate of points P and Q is 0.
Let P be(0, k1) and Q be (0, k2).
Then, from (i) and (ii), we get

∴ Equation of locus of R is y2 = 8(x + 2).

Question 17.
Find the equation of common tangent to the parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 32y.
Solution:
Given equation of the parabola is y2 = 4x
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 4
⇒ a = 1
Let the equation of common tangent be
y = mx + $$\frac{1}{m}$$ …..(i)
Substituting y = mx + $$\frac{1}{m}$$ in x2 = 32y, we get
⇒ x2 = 32(mx + $$\frac{1}{m}$$) = 32 mx + $$\frac{32}{m}$$
⇒ mx2 = 32 m2x + 32
⇒ mx2 – 32 m2x – 32 = 0 ……..(ii)
Line (i) touches the parabola x2 = 32y.
The quadratic equation (ii) in x has equal roots.
Discriminant = 0
⇒ (-32m2)2 – 4(m)(-32) = 0
⇒ 1024 m4 + 128m = 0
⇒ 128m (8m3 + 1) = 0
⇒ 8m3 + 1 = 0 …..[∵ m ≠ 0]
⇒ m3 = $$-\frac{1}{8}$$
⇒ m = $$-\frac{1}{2}$$
Substituting m = $$-\frac{1}{2}$$ in (i), we get
⇒ $$y=-\frac{1}{2} x+\frac{1}{\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)}$$
⇒ $$y=-\frac{1}{2} x-2$$
⇒ x + 2y + 4 = 0, which is the equation of the common tangent.

Question 18.
Find the equation of the locus of a point, the tangents from which to the parabola y2 = 18x are such that sum of their slopes is -3.
Solution:
Given equation of the parabola is y2 = 18x
Comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we get
⇒ 4a = 18
⇒ a = $$\frac{9}{2}$$
Equation of tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax having slope m is
⇒ y = mx + $$\frac{a}{m}$$
⇒ y = mx + $$\frac{9}{2m}$$
⇒ 2ym = 2xm2 + 9
⇒ 2xm2 – 2ym + 9 = 0
The roots m1 and m2 of this quadratic equation are the slopes of the tangents.
m1 + m2 = $$-\frac{(-2 y)}{2 x}=\frac{y}{x}$$
But, m1 + m2 = -3
$$\frac{y}{x}$$ = -3
y = -3x, which is the required equation of locus.

Question 19.
The towers of a bridge, hung in the form of a parabola, have their tops 30 metres above the roadway and are 200 metres apart. If the cable is 5 metres above the roadway at the centre of the bridge, find the length of the vertical supporting cable 30 metres from the centre.
Solution:
Let CAB be the cable of the bridge and X’OX be the roadway.
Let A be the centre of the bridge.
From the figure, vertex of parabola is at A(0, 5).
Let the equation of parabola be
x2 = 4b(y – 5) …..(i)
Since the parabola passes through (100, 30).
Substituting x = 100 and y = 30 in (i), we get
⇒ 1002 = 4b (30 – 5)
⇒ 1002 = 4b(25)
⇒ 1002 = 100b
⇒ b = 100
Substituting the value of b in (i), we get
x2 = 400(y – 5) …..(ii)
Let l metres be the length of vertical supporting cable.
Then P(30, l) lies on (ii).
⇒ 302 = 400(l – 5)
⇒ 900 = 400(l – 5)
⇒ $$\frac{9}{4}$$ = l – 5
⇒ l = $$\frac{9}{4}$$ + 5
⇒ l = $$\frac{9}{4}$$ m = 7.25 m
The length of the vertical supporting cable is 7.25 m.

Question 20.
A circle whose centre is (4, -1) passes through the focus of the parabola x2 + 16y = 0. Show that the circle touches the directrix of the parabola.
Solution:
Given equation of the parabola is x2 + 16y = 0.
⇒ x2 = -16y
Comparing this equation with x2 = -4by, we get
⇒ 4b = 16
⇒ b = 4
Focus = S(0, -b) = (0, -4)
Centre of the circle is C(4, -1) and it passes through focus S of the parabola.
= $$\sqrt{(4-0)^{2}+(-1+4)^{2}}$$
= $$\sqrt{16+9}$$
= $$\left|\frac{0(4)+1(-1)-4}{\sqrt{(0)^{2}+(1)^{2}}}\right|$$
= $$\left|\frac{-1-4}{1}\right|$$