Class 6

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Natural Resources Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Natural Resources

Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

A. What is the use of the following resources?

Question 1.
Water
Answer:

• Right from the time we get up in the morning, we keep on using water till we go to bed at night.
• We obtain salt from sea water.
• Plants and aquatic animals like fish also live in water.

Question 2.
Forests
Answer:

• We collect wood from the forest for various purposes.
• In order to fulfill our needs we also obtain products like rubber, resin, fruits, medicinal plants, etc. from forests.
• Forests are the habitat of many animals.

Question 3.
Animals
Answer:

• Man uses animals for a variety of reasons.
• Horses, oxen, camel, asses, etc. are animals employed for ploughing, riding, transporting goods, etc.
• Goats, cows, buffaloes are used as milch animals.
• Animals provide meat, eggs, bone powder, hide, etc.

Question 4.
Minerals
Answer:

• We get different metals and chemicals from minerals.
• Some chemicals are used in preparing different medicines.
• Metallic minerals are used for obtaining different metals such as iron, bauxite, etc.
• Non-metallic minerals are used in obtaining various chemicals like gypsum, rock salt, calcite, etc.

Question 5.
Land.
Answer:

• Living things that are bom on land, grow, live and die on the land itself.
• Land is used for construction as well as trade.

B. Complete the following flow chart:

Answer:

C. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What factors influence the formation of soil?
Answer:
The formation of soil mainly depends on the original rock, climate, organic components, slope of the land and time.

Question 2.
Which products are obtained from forests?
Answer:
We obtain products like wood, rubber, resin, fruits, medicinal plants, etc. from forests.

Question 3.
What are the uses of minerals?
Answer:
Metallic minerals are used for obtaining different metals such as iron, bauxite, etc. and non-metallic minerals are used in obtaining various chemicals like gypsum, rock salt, calcite, etc.

Question 4.
What are the purposes for which land is used?
Answer:

• Living things that are bom on land, grow, live and die on land itself.
• Construction and trade are some other purposes for which land is used.

Question 5.
Why are various living things found on the land in different proportions?
Answer:
Depending on the characteristics of land and climate, various living things are found on land in different proportions.

Activity:

Collect the pictures of and information about the sources of freshwater.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Observe the picture given in figure 8.1. and answer the following question.

Question 1.
What do you see in the pictures?
Answer:
I can see different animals and plants in the given pictuers.

Question 2.
How many of these animals or plants do you know?
Answer:
I know all these animals and plants in the given picture.

Question 3.
Which of these things have you seen in reality?
Answer:
I have seen all the cotton ball, mango and horse in reality.

Question 4.
Have you ever used these things or seen them being used?
Answer:
Yes, I have.

Question 5.
Which of our needs do some of these fulfill?
Answer:

• Horse is used in transportation
•  Mango is a fruit we eat from
• Cotton is used to make cloth.

Question 6.
What probable use of the unused things can you think of?
Answer:

• Octopus can be kept in aquarium
• Lizards can be kept in the gardens to eat tiny insects.

Observe all the figures and discuss them in the class:



Can you tell?

Question 1.
What different activities are the individuals in the pictures engaged in?
Answer:
The different activities that the individuals in ; the pictures are engaged in are: agriculture, ; fishing, collection of honey, drawing water, ! gathering wood, mining, masonry, extraction i of salt, collection of rubber latex, gathering of resin from trees, converting wind into usable energy, transportation by pack animals.

Question 2.
What things will they obtain through these activities?
Answer:
They will obtain foodgrains, fish, honey, water, wood, minerals, house to live, salt, rubber, resin and energy which can be used for various purposes.

Question 3.
What are the animals in the picture doing?
Answer:
While the bullocks are ploughing the fields, j the donkey is used as a pack animal, for transporting heavy loads.

Question 4.
What is the use of the tall device in figure 8.12 raised on the ground?
Answer:
The tall device is a windmill which converts i wind into usable energy through the rotation ; of wheel which are adjustable. The energy thus i created can be used for a variety of purposes I such as generating electricity, grinding grains or spices, pumping water, sawing wood, aerating ponds, etc.

Question 5.
What is being loaded in the truck? What are we going to get from it?
Answer:
is being loaded into a truck from the mining area. We get minerals from the same.

Question 6.
Where are all these human activities being performed other than fishing?
Answer:
All these human activities are being performed on land.

Think a little!

Question 1.
List the various things for which we use water. Identify the things that lead to wastage of water.
Answer:
(a) Use of water.

• For agricultural and industrial purposes.
• For drinking and cooking.
• For personal hygiene.
• For our pets.
• Washing clothes and utensils.
• Cleaning houses, vehicles, etc.
• Watering plants in the garden.

(b) Identify the things that leads to wastage of water.

• When we pollute water.
• When we don’t save water by building dams, water wells and irrigation systems.
• When we waste water by using it excessively in flushes, bathrooms, etc.
• When we don’t use water-efficient faucets (taps), showers, etc.
• When we don’t repair faulty faucets.
• When we don’t close the tap when not required.
• When we use fountains and sprinklers in the gardens.

Question 2.
Name the different metals from which the things in your house are made. Make a chart of things and metals.
Answer:

Things	Metals
Cupboard	Stainless steel
Furniture	Iron
Idols of worship	Bronze
Lantern	Silver
Electrical wiring	Copper
Utensils	Copper and steel

Question 3.
List the occupations carried out on land.
Answer:

• Farming.
• Mining.
• Lumbering (Cutting down of trees).
• Extraction such as salt extraction, etc.
• Construction
• Beekeeping, etc.

Observe figure (Textbook Page no. 48) and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which vegetations do you find in the following location.
Answer:

Latitudes	Vegetation
(1) 90° Pole	Tundra
(2) 0° Equator	Equatorial evergreen
(3) 30°	Tropical Grasslands
(4) 60°	Mixed Forest
(5) 75° – 90°	Coniferous
(6) 15°	Deciduous

Question 2.
In which forest do we find tall trees?
Answer:
Equatorial Evergreen forest.

Question 3.
Name the grassland shown in the picture.
Answer:
Tropical grassland and temperate grassland.

Question 4.
Which vegetation indicate hot deserts?
Answer:
Thorny scrubs

Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Complete the following statements using appropriate options:

Question 1.
_____ is a resource which never depletes. (Air, ‘Water, Animals)
Answer:
Air

Question 2.
Formation of mature soil is a very ______ process. (sudden, fast, slow)
Answer:
slow

Question 3.
Rock is a mixture of ________ (stone, black pebbles, minerals)
Answer:
minerals

Question 4.
The proportion of land on earth is ________%.
Answer:
29.20

Question 5.
_______ are the habitats for many animals. (Grassland, Vegetation,Thorny scrubs)
Answer:
Grassland

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Horses and oxens	(a) used for hauling logs
(2) Cows and buffaloes	(b) transportation of goods
(3) Water available on the earth for use	(c) milk animals
(4) Settlements flourished	(d) 0.003%
	(e) Huang He

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – e

Name the following:

Question 1.
The natural things that man uses:
Answer:
Natural resources.

Question 2.
A resource that is available in plenty:
Answer:
Air.

Question 3.
The basins along which man began to live a settled life in the past:
Answer:

• Huang He
• Sindhu (Indus)
• Nile and Euphrates

Question 4.
Habitats of animals:
Answer:
Forest or grasslands.

Question 5.
Any two products we get from animals:
Answer:

• Meat
• Eggs

Question 6.
Metallic minerals used for obtaining different metals:
Answer:

• Iron
• Bauxite

Question 7.
Non-metallic minerals used in obtaining various chemicals:
Answer:

• Gypsum
• Rock salt
• Calcite

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Why are natural resources invaluable?
Answer:
Most of the natural resources are limited in nature and therefore they are invaluable.

Question 2.
What do we need air for?
Answer:
We need air for various purposes right from breathing to burning.

Question 3.
Why do the farmers plough the soil?
Answer:
The farmers plough the soil to make the land cultivable.

Question 4.
How are plants classified?
Answer:
Plants are broadly classified into grass, shrubs and trees.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
Soil is a very important resource for agriculture.
Answer:

• The farmer ploughs the soil and makes the land cultivable.
• In this cultivable land, he grows various crops and fulfills his own and other’s need for food.
• For this purpose, he uses the ‘soil’ that is naturally available on land as a resource.
• Therefore soil is very important resource of agriculture.

Question 2.
Man began to live a settled life.
Answer:

• Man has successfully experimented with some grasses to obtain food grains.
• This helped him to avoid painful wandering for gathering food.
• Therefore, man began to lead a settled life.

Question 3.
It is necessary to conserve the natural resources.
Answer:

• Every living thing makes use of natural resources according to its need.
• However, man started using many of these resources for himself alone with the help of his intellectual power.
• Later, the increase in population and the greed of humans led to exploitative use of resources.
• This began to upset the balance in nature.
• So, it is necessary that man also must use the natural resources only according to his need, that is judiciously and thus conserve the natural resources.

Question 4.
Land is an invaluable resource.
Answer:

• All the activities of obtaining natural resources are being carried out on land.
• Land obtained at strategic location is used for construction as well as trade.
• Hence, land is an invaluable resource.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Why are various living things found on the land in different proportions?
Answer:
Depending on the characteristics of land and climate, various living things are found on land in different proportions.

Question 2.
Which are the various geographical conditions which all living things try to adapt to?
Answer:
All living things try to adapt to various geographical conditions like rocky terrain, steep slopes, flat plains, mountainous regions, forest-covered areas, river basin, etc.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types

Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types Textbook Questions and Answers

B. Which of the following monuments are built in igneous rock?
(1) The Taj Mahal
(2) Fort Raigad
(3) The Red Fort
(4) Ellora Sculpture
Answer:
Ellora Sculpture

C. Find the differences between:

Question 1.
Igneous and sedimentary rocks
Answer:

Igneous rocks	Sedimentary rocks
(i) Igneous rocks are rocks formed by cooling and solidifying of molten materials. (ii) Igneous rocks are hard and homogeneous. (iii)  Examples: Basalt, pumice	(i) Rocks that are formed through deposition and compaction of sediments, especially rock particles transported by rivers, glaciers, wind, etc., are called sedimentary rocks. (ii) Sedimentary rocks are generally brittle and light weight. (iii) Examples: Sandstone, limestone, shale, corals

Question 2.
Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
Answer:

Sedimentary rocks	Metamorphic rocks
(i) Rocks that are formed through deposition and compaction of sediments, especially rock particles transported by rivers, glaciers, wind, etc., are called sedimentary rocks.	(i) Rocks are formed due to the process of metamorphosis are called metamorphic rocks.
(ii) One may find fossils in sedimentary rocks. (iii) Sedimentary rocks are brittle and light weight. Examples: Shale, corals	(ii) Metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils. (iii) Metamorphic rocks are heavy and hard. Examples: Marble, slate

Question 3.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks
Answer:

igneous rocks	Metamorphic rocks
(i) Igneous rocks are rocks formed by cooling and solidifying of molten material. (ii) Igneous rocks are hard and homogeneous. (iii) Examples: Basalt, pumice	(i) Rocks formed due to the process of metamorphosis are called metamorphic rocks. (ii) Metamorphic rocks are heavy and hard. (iii) Examples: Gneiss, slate

D. Which types of rocks are predominantly found at the following locations?
(1) Central Maharashtra
(2) South Konkan
(3) Vidarbha
Answer:

Locations	Types of rocks
(1) Central Maharashtra	(a) Basalt
(2) South Konkan	(b) Laterite and granite
(3) Vidharbha	(c) Basalt, granite and sedimentary rocks

Activity:

Collect rock specimens from your surroundings and also during your travels. Classify them with the help of your teacher. Make a small museum of rocks for your school and place your specimens there. Keep a note of the place from where you have collected them. (See a specimen
display on page 65.)

Visit the historical sites in your surroundings, e.g., hill forts, masonry dams, land forts, bastions, wadas, temples, mosques, etc. and observe with the help of your teacher, the rock used for their construction.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types InText Questions and Answers

Do it yourself!

From the hills, river-beds or the land in your vicinity, collect rock specimens of different types, shapes, colours, etc. Observe the rock specimens and note down the following.

Question 1.
Place where the rock was found:
Answer:
Sahyadri mountain (Basalt)

Question 2.
Colours of the rock:
Answer:
Dark-black colour.

Question 3.
Spots on the rock and their colour:
Answer:
Dark grey to black.

Question 4.
Weight of the rock (estimated, heavy/light):
Answer:
Heavy.

Question 5.
Hardness of the rock, (hard/ brittle/medium):
Answer:
Hard.

Question 6.
Structure of the rock, (uniform grains/layers/ hollowness):
Answer:
Uniform grains.

Question 7.
Porosity of the rock, (porous/non-porous):
Answer:
Non-porous.

Observe the pictures given below and answer the questions:


Question 1.
What is the hill in ‘A’ made up of?
Answer:
Hill in ‘A’ is made up of soils and rocks.

Question 2.
What is being done in B’?
Answer:
In ’B’, the process of digging is shown. The land is dug and the rocks and soil that is extracted is loaded in to a truck.

Question 3.
What do we see in ‘C’?
Answer:
In ‘C’ we see pebbles and rocks of different types, shapes, colours, etc.

Question 4.
Is there any relationship between the three things shown above?
Answer:
Yes, these are all pictures of naturally occurring processes on land leading to rock and soil formation.

Question 5.
For what purpose do we use the things shown in A and C?
Answer:
We use things shown in A and C for construction purposes; coloured pebbles are used for decoration.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
What rock was used for building the forts in Maharashtra? Why?
Answer:
Igneous rocks were used for building the forts in Maharashtra as they are hard, homogeneous and heavy.

Question 2.
Find the meaning of this line from a famous Marathi poem:
राकट देशा, कणखर देशा. दगडांच्या देशा
Answer:
The poet through this line conveys the message that our land is made up of hard rocks. We are a powerful entity and nothing can pose a threat to our Motherland. We can understand all odds.

Similarly like our terrains which are strong, the people of our country are also strong and invincible, incapable of being conquered.
We have imbibed the value of resilience and courage and the ability to withstand all challenges from our terrain.

What will you do?

Ajit is interested in sculpting. He wants to prepare a sculpture of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.
He cannot decide which rock he should use for this, igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic? What will be your advice?
Answer:
I would advise him to use a metamorphic rock like marble. Due to the translucent nature of the marble, it will give the sculpture a glow. Properties like softness and easy availability makes the metamorphic rock, marble an ideal choice. These rocks are heavy and hard. Hence, they are ideal for making sculptures.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct options from the bracket:

Question 1.
Rocks are a mixture of different minerals formed by natural processes in the _____. (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere)
Answer:
lithosphere

Question 2.
There are ______ types of rocks according to their formation process. (four, three, five)
Answer:
three

Question 3.
When the molten material, known as magma within the crust and lava on the surface, cools down, it solidifies giving rise to ____ rocks. (Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic)
Answer:
Igneous

Question 4.
We get fossils in ______ rocks. (Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic)
Answer:
Sedimentary

Question 5.
The Maharashtra plateau and the Sahyadris are formed out of _______ rocks. (Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic)
Answer:
Igneous

Question 6.
______ is a major example of igneous rocks. (Shale, Basalt, Corals)
Answer:
Basalt

Question 7.
Water percolating through rocks dissolves the soluble minerals leading to ________ of rocks, (weathering, compaction, increased porosity)
Answer:
weathering

Question 8.
_______ is a sedimentary rock. (Basalt, Sandstone, Pumice)
Answer:
Sandstone

Question 9.
The study of _______ provide information about life in that period. (metamorphosedrocks, Igneous rocks, fossils)
Answer:
fossils

Question 10.
_______ gets metamorphosed when it undergoes heavy pressure, and intense heat. (Coal,,Peat, Silica)
Answer:
Coal

Question 11.
_______ rock is found in the eastern parts and in South Konkap. (Granite,.Marble,Pumice)
Answer:
Granite

Question 12.
________ activity is concentrated in South Konkan and eastern Maharashtra. (Fishing, Mining, Construction)
Answer:
Mining

Question 13.
_____ is referred to as primary rocks. (Igneous rock, Sedimentary rock, Metamorphic rocks)
Answer:
Igneous rock

Question 14.
________ is a major example of igneous rock. (Basalt, Pumice, Sedimentary)
Answer:
Basalt

Question 15.
______ rocks are ‘formed due to compaction of material. (Metamorphic, Sedimentary, Igneous)
Answer:
Sedimentary

Question 16.
_________ rocks are heavy and hard. (Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Igneous)
Answer:
Metamorphic

Question 17.
When coal gets metamorphosed into ______ , its price increases. (garnet, diamond, opal)
Answer:
diamond

Question 18.
______ is found in South Konkan Maharashtra. (Granite, Laterite, Basalt)
Answer:
Laterite

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Igneous rocks	(a) brittle and light weight
(2) Sedimentary rocks	(b) heavy and hard
(3) Metamorphic rocks	(c) hard and homogeneous

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – b

Complete the tabular form:

Original Rock	Metamorphosed Rock
Granite	_________
Basalt	__________
_________	Marble
Coal	___________
Sand Stone	__________
_________	Slate

Answer:

Original Rock	Metamorphosed Rock
Granite	Gneiss
Basalt	Amphibolite
Limestone	Marble
Coal	Diamond
Sand Stone	Quartizte
Shale	Slate

Name the following:

Question 1.
Two major rock-forming minerals:
Answer:
Silica, aluminium.

Question 2.
Hard and homogeneous rocks:
Answer:
Igneous rocks.

Question 3.
Two sedimentary rocks:
Answer:
Shale, corals.

Question 4.
Rocks which does not contain fossils:
Answer:
Metamorphic and Igneous rock

Question 5.
One use of diamonds:
Answer:
Ornament making.

Question 6.
One activity which leads to increased pressure and heat in that region:
Answer:
Volcanic eruption.

Question 7.
Rock found in South Konkan:
Answer:
Laterite.

Question 8.
Rocks that formed by metamorphosis:
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks.

Question 9.
Two metamorphosised rocks:
Answer:
Marble, Slate.

Question 10.
Two igneous rocks:
Answer:
Granite and Basalt.

State whether the following statements are true or false:

Question 1.
The properties of rocks depend on their constituent minerals and their proportion alone.
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
Silica is a rock forming mineral.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
One may find fossils in Igneous rocks.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Weathering of rocks leads to its disintegration or decomposition.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Sedimentary rocks are hard and homogeneous.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Maharashtra has large reserves of mineral wealth.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
The Maharashtra plateau and the Sahyadris are formed out of igneous rocks.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Most of the hill forts in Maharashtra do not have lakes or elephant yards.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
One can easily see layers in the sedimentary rocks.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
Sedimentary rocks are generally heavy weight.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
Metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Metamorphic rocks are brittle and lightweight.
Answer:
false

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
What are rocks?
Answer:
Rocks are a mixture of different minerals formed by natural processes in the lithosphere. Rocks are found on land surface and also below it.

Question 2.
What do the properties of rocks depend on?
Answer:
The properties of rocks depend on the constituent minerals and their proportion as well as on the formation process. Silica, aluminium, magnesium and iron are the major rock-forming minerals.

Question 3.
What are the three types of rocks?
Answer:
Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks and Metamorphic rocks are the three types of rocks.

Question 4.
What are Igneous Rocks?
Answer:
When the molten material, known as magma within the crust and lava on the surface cools down, it solidifies giving rise to igneous rocks.

Question 5.
What information does the study of fossils provide?
Answer:
Study of fossils provide information about the life in the olden period.

Question 6.
Write any two characteristics of metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks are heavy and hard.

Question 7.
When does coal get metamorphosed?
Answer:
When coal undergoes heavy pressure and intense heat it gets metamorphosed.

Question 8.
When does the price of coal increase?
Answer:
The price of coal increases when it gets metamorphosed into diamonds.

Question 9.
What is referred to as primary rocks?
Answer:
Rocks are formed out of the material from the interior of the earth, these are referred to as primary rocks.

Question 10.
What is called fossils?
Answer:
The buried remains of dead animals or plants embedded in the rocks and preserved petrified form are called fossils.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
Igneous rocks are also referred to as primary rocks.
Answer:
As Igneous rocks are formed out of the material from the interior of the earth, these rocks are also referred to as primary rocks.

Question 2.
Most of the hill forts in Maharashtra have lakes or elephant yards.
Answer:
(i) Hillforts in Maharashtra are old quarry sites from which stone or other materials have been extracted for the construction of the fort and other buildings.

(ii) In the pits and dugouts left behind after rock extraction, water was allowed to accumulate and these lakes, banks, etc., were created.

(iii) Therefore, most of the hill forts in Maharashtra have lakes or elephant yards.

Question 3.
Weathering of rocks occurs.
Answer:

• Due to continuous variations in temperature, rocks develop cracks.
• Similarly, the water percolating through rocks dissolves the soluble minerals.
• This leads to the weathering of rocks.

Question 4.
One may find fossils in sedimentary rocks.
Answer:

• One can easily see layers in sedimentary rocks.
• While layers are getting deposited, the remains of the dead animals or plants get buried in these layers at times.
• Therefore, one may find fossils in sedimentary rocks.

Question 5.
Changes in nature, as well as the chemical composition of the original rocks, is witnessed.
Answer:

• Volcanic activity and other earth movements constantly take place on the earth.
• While these are occurring, the igneous and sedimentary rocks in that region are subjected to tremendous pressure and heat.
• This leads to changes in nature as well as the chemical composition of the original rocks.

Question 6.
Maharashtra does not have a large reserve of mineral wealth.
Answer:
Maharashtra does not have a large reserve of mineral wealth due to the thick and extensive layers of basalt rocks.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
What leads to the development of sedimentary rocks?
Answer:

• Due to continuous variations in the temperature, rocks develop cracks.
• Similarly, the water percolating through rocks dissolves the soluble minerals leading to the weathering of rocks.
• They get disintegrated or decomposed i.e. reduced to pieces.
• These rock particles get transported by rivers, glaciers, wind, etc. towards low lying area and are deposited there.
• One after the other, layers of sediments gets deposited in this way.
• The upper layers exert heavy pressure on the lower layers.
• This leads to compaction of materials and development of sedimentary rocks.

Question 2.
How are Metamorphic rocks formed?
Answer:

• Volcanic activity and other earth movements | constantly take place on the earth.
• While these are occurring, the igneous or sedimentary rocks in that region are subjected to tremendous pressure and heat.
• This leads to changes in the nature as well as the chemical composition of original rocks.
• The crystals in the original rock gets recrystalized, the rock gets metamorphosed.
• The rocks formed through such a process are ! called Metamorphic rocks.

Question 3.
How is sand that flows in a river formed? Collect some information about where the sand comes from.
Answer:

• Moving streams are so powerful that it can wear away soil rocks.
• Rocks on higher land get eroded due to the strong current of the streams and they in turn get carried away into the sea.
• Silt too is brought down from the mountain top from where the streams originate.
• Most of the sand in the river is silt carried by the streams and the weather material from inland rocks transported by the streams.
• The moving of soil and rock with the stream, termed as erosion can be summed up as the cause of sand formation in a river.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History

Class 6 History Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is history?
Answer:
History is a coherent account of the significant past events in the progress of human culture.

Question 2.
Where do human settlements flourish?
Answer:
Human settlements have flourished wherever the means of living are plentiful.

Question 3.
What do the people in the hilly region j depend on for their food?
Answer:
In the hilly regions people depend more on hunting and gathering for their food.

Question 4.
Which was the earliest civilization in India?
Answer:
The Harappan civilization was the earliest civilization in India.

2. Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
What does human life depend on?
Answer:
Human life in any region depends to a large extent on its geographical characteristics, diet, clothing, housing and occupation.

Question 2.
What features of our surroundings form the means of our livelihood?
Answer:
The climate, rainfall, agricultural produce, flora and fauna of the region where we live form the source or means of our livelihood.

Question 3.
Which region is known as the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India together form the region known as south Asia. Considering the expanse and significance of India in this region, it is also known as the Indian subcontinent.

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
There is a close relation between history and geography.
Answer:

• Time, place, society and individuals are four major pillars without which history cannot be written.
• Of these four components ‘place’ is related to geography or geographical conditions.
• This makes history and geography inseperable i.e. very closely related.

Question 2.
People are forced to leave their settlements.
Answer:

• Sometimes reasons like degradation of the environment, drought, invasion, etc. leads to scarcity of means.
• Therefore, people are forced to leave their settlements in their fight for survival.

4. Explain the difference in the human life in the hilly regions and that on the plains.
Answer:

Human life in the Hilly region	Human life in the Plains
(1) Human life was very strenuous	(1) Life was more comfortable.
(2) Land was not fertile. therefore no So agriculture was wcarried on.	(2) Land was very Fertile So agriculture   was carried on.
(3) Grains and vegetables Grains and are scarce.	(3) Grains and vegetables are found in plenty
(4) They depend on hunting and gathering  for their food.	(4) They do not depend on hunting and gathering for their food.

5. Observe the physical map of India and answer the questions based on it:

Question 1.
Which mountain ranges lie in the north of India?
Answer:
The Hindukush and the Himalayan mountain ranges.

Question 2.
Which are the routes to India from the north-east?
Answer:
The route to India from the north east is by sea.

Question 3.
Where do the Ganga and Brahmaputra meet?
Answer:
The Ganga and Brahmaputra meet in Bangladesh.

Question 4.
Name the islands to the east of the Indian peninsula.
Answer:
The Andaman and Nicobar islands are the Indian islands to the east of the Indian peninsula.

Question 5.
In which part of India do we see the Thar Desert?
Answer:
We see the Thar Desert in the north western part of India.

Activity:

• Obtain information about the lakes or reservoirs in your locality.
• Show the following on a world map :
  1. The Himalaya Mountain
  2. The Silk Road
  3. Arabia

Class 6 History Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
________ is a coherent account of the significant past events in the progress of human culture.
(a) History
(b) Geography
(c) Civics
Answer:
History

Question 2.
Not much fertile land is available in the ______ region.
(a) plains
(b) hilly
(c) plateau
Answer:
hilly

Question 3.
Grains and vegetables are _______ in the hilly areas.
(a) scarce
(b) plenty
(c) moderate
Answer:
scarce

Question 4.
In the ______ regions, people depend more on hunting and gathering for their food.
(a) plateau
(b) plains
(c) hilly
Answer:
hilly

Question 5.
Human settlements have flourished wherever the means of living are _______.
(a) scarce
(b) plentiful
(c) moderate
Answer:
plentiful

Question 6.
_____ lies to the north of India.
(a) Andaman
(b) Western Ghats
(c) Himalayas
Answer:
Himalayas

Question 7.
_____ lies to the east of India.
(a) Bay of Bengal
(b) Eastern ghats
(c) Lakshadweep
Answer:
Bay of Bengal

Question 8.
_________ lies to west of India.
(a) Himalayas
(b) Arabian sea
(c) Brahmaputra
Answer:
Arabian sea

Question 9.
______ lies to the south of India.
(a) Indian Ocean
(b) Arabian Sea
(c) Pacific Ocean
Answer:
Indian Ocean

Question 10.
The Hindukush and Himalayan ranges have created an impenetrable wall on the nothern side of the ________ subcontinent.
(a) Indian
(b) Foreign
(c) Asian
Answer:
Indian

Question 11.
There is a land route through the Khyber and Bolan passes in the ______ mountains.
(a) Himalayan
(b) Satpuda
(c) Hindukush
Answer:
Hindukush

Question 12.
The _____ desert spreads across Rajasthan, Haryana and some parts of Gujarat.
(a) Bhor
(b) Thar
(c) Arabian
Answer:
Thar

Question 13.
The _______ river that originates in Himachal Pradesh reaches the Thar desert.
(a) Ganga
(b) Sindhu
(c) Ghaggar
Answer:
Ghaggar

Question 14.
A region that is bound by sea on three sides is called a ______.
(a) peninsula
(b) plateau
(c) island
Answer:
peninsula

Question 15.
A major part of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the_______ plateau.
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Bengal
(c) Deccan
Answer:
Deccan

Question 16.
The mountain ranges of the Vindhya and Satpuda are located to the of the ________ Deccan Plateau.
(a) east
(b) north
(c) west
Answer:
north

Question 17.
Deccan plateau was a part of the ______ empire, the largest in ancient India.
(a) Maurya
(b) Gupta
(c) Chola
Answer:
Maurya

Question 18.
Lakshadweep is a group of Indian islands in the _____ Sea.
(a) Red
(b) Dead
(c) Arabian
Answer:
Arabian

Question 19.
The Harappan civilization had spread mainly in the ________ part of the Indian subcontinent.
(a) southeastern
(b) northwestern
(c) southwestern
Answer:
north western

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Himalayas	(a) South
(2) Indian Ocean	(b) East
(3) Arabian Sea	(c) North
(4) Bay of Bengal	(d) West

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b

Question 2.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) China	(a) Deccan plateau
(2) Vindhya range	(b) Not a part of Indian subcontinent
(3) Bangladesh	(c) In Bay of Bengal
(4) Andaman and Nicobar islands	(d) In the Hindukush mountains
(5) Khyber and Bolan passes	(e) Part of Indian subcontinent

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – e
4 – c
5 – d

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
Give the four major pillars without which history could not have been written.
Answer:
Time, place, society and individuals are the four major pillars of history, without which history could not have been written.

Question 2.
What has created an impenetrable wall on j the northern side of the Indian subcontinent? j
Answer:
Two mountain ranges, the Hindukush and Himalayan ranges have created an impenetrable wall on the northern side of the Indian subcontinent.

Question 3.
Which passes form a route in the Hindukush mountains?
Answer:
The Khyber and the Bolan passes form a land route in the Hindukush mountains.

Question 4.
What is known as ‘Hakra’ in Pakistan?
Answer:
The Ghaggar river that originates in Himachal Pradesh reaches the Thar desert. It is known as ‘Hakra’ in Pakistan.

Question 5.
Which plateau occupies a major part of the Indian peninsula?
Answer:
The Deccan plateau occupies a major part of the Indian peninsula.

Question 6.
Which mountain range is to the north of the Deccan plateau?
Answer:
The Vindhya and Satpuda mountain ranges are located to the north of the Deccan plateau.

Question 7.
Name the Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar are the Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal.

Question 8.
Which manuscript mentions the Indian islands?
Answer:
The manuscript ‘Periplus of the Erythrean Sea’ or ‘Handbook of the Red Sea’ by an unknown Greek sailor, makes a mention of Indian islands.

Question 9.
Which two ancient cities are in today’s Pakistan?
Answer:
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are in today’s Pakistan.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
State the extent of our country, India.
Answer:
Our country India, extends far and wide:

• To its north lies the Himalayas.
• To the east, the Bay of Bengal.
• To the west, the Arabian Sea.
• And to the south, the Indian ocean.
• Except for the islands of Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep, the rest of the country is contiguous.

Question 2.
Describe the trade route from China to Arabia.
Answer:

• There is a land route through the Khyber and Bolan passes in the Hindukush mountains.
• This land route was connected to an ancient trade route.
• The trade route from China in the east passed through central Asia and reached Arabia in the west.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
The trade route from west to east was also called the silk route.
Answer:

• Silk was the main commodity exported to the western countries using this trade route.
• Therefore this trade route from west to east was called the ‘silk route’ or ‘silk road’.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Shell, fish, crab, ship
Answer:
ship

Question 2.
Arabian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Dead Sea, Caspian Sea
Answer:
Dead Sea

Question 3.
Sri Lanka, India, Norway, Peru
Answer:
Sri Lanka

Question 4.
Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Bay of Bengal
Answer:
Bay of Bengal

Question 5.
Natural gas, salt, gold, manganese
Answer:
Natural gas

B. Write the answers:

Question 1.
Which items does man get from the oceans?
Answer:
Salt, fish, shells and other products, minerals like iron, lead, cobalt, sodium, manganese, chromium, zinc, mineral oil and natural gas are the items man gets from oceans.

Question 2.
Why It is economic to carry out transport by water ways.
Answer:

• Waterways is a cost-effective, fuel efficient and relatively more environment friendly means of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods can be carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc. at a low cost.
• So it is economic to carry out transport by waterway.

Question 3.
Why There is a difference in the climate of regions close to the oceans and regions far away from the oceans.
Answer:
(i) The oceans influence the climatic condition of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than regions away from the ocean.

(ii) There is a difference in the maximum and minimum temperature with the difference being less in coastal region (nearness to the sea) while it is more in the region far away from the sea (continentality).

(iii) The temperature in coastal areas remains equable due to the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air. This vapour absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

Question 4.
Which continents are located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Asia, Australia, North America and South America are the continents located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Activity:

Colour the different oceans on an outline map of the world and prepare an index for the map. (See inside front cover, figure B.)

Project:

Group work: Make five groups. Each group should collect some information and pictures of one ocean. With the help of the information collected, each group should make a poster and make presentation.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans InText Questions and Answers

Think a little!

Question 1.
Where does the water flowing through the rivers go in the end?
Answer:
The water flowing through the rivers goes into the oceans in the end.

Question 2.
Are there volcanic eruptions in the seas?
Answer:
Yes, volcanic eruptions take place in the seas.

Question 3.
What would have happened if man had not discovered sea routes?
Answer:

• If there were no sea routes, we would lose out on the most economic option of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods would become inconvenient.
• International trade too would suffer.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Where did all this water on the earth come from?
Answer:
While some scientists believe that water was created due to the impact of comets there are others who believe that Earth’s waters have existed since the birth of planet earth.

Find out:

Question 1.
Collect information about how a natural pearl is formed.
Answer:

• Natural pearls form when an irritant- usually a parasite and not the proverbial grain of sand – works its way into an oyster, mussel, or clam.
• As a defense mechanism, a fluid is used to coat the irritant.
• Layer upon layer of this coating called ‘nacre’ is deposited until a pearl is formed.

Question 2.
Which oceanic organism develops in it?
Answer:
The oceanic organism oyster develops in it.

Question 3.
In which sea is it found in India?
Answer:
The Arabian Sea.

What will you do?

Question 1.
Different marine animals like the blue whale, turtle, starfish, etc. appear before you in your dream and complain to you. They say, “You humans are not allowing us to live properly. You throw the waste and chemicals that you do not want into our house. The youngsters in our house are falling ill due to this. Some are getting killed. You must think about this situation and remove the pollution from the seas.” Now tell what you will do.
Answer:
“Environmental problems begin with people as the cause and end with people as the victims.” Different ways to remove pollution from sea are:

• Creating awareness amongst people.
• Organising a clean-up operation.
• Insisting that government take steps to prevent marine pollution caused due to waste disposal.
• Following the principle of recycling waste and proper treatment of sewage before its disposal into water bodies.
• Generating a sense of responsibility amongst the citizens.

Can you do it?

Question 1.
Sameer and Sania are playing a game of showing the waterways on a map of the world. Their routes are going in opposite directions. One of the following the eastern route while the other is making a route that takes to the west.

From Mumbai port some goods are to be taken to London in UK. On a map of the world, show at least two such routes with a pencil.
Write down the names of the ports of different nations that fall on the route followed by each.

Ports on the route followed by Sameer:

Answer:

• JNPT – India
• Nish tun – Yemen
• Salal – Oman
• Port of Berbera – Somalia
• Port of A1 Qusayr – Egypt
• Port of Said – Egypt Suez
• port – Egypt
• Port of Tenes – Algeria
• Port of Tunis – Tunisia
• Port of Bone facia – France
• Port of Aguilas – Spain
• Port of Adra – Spain
• Port of Gibraltar – Gibraltar
• Port of Sines – Portugal
• Swange Pier – UK
• Whitstable harbour – UK
• Purfleet Thames Terminal – UK
• Port of London – UK

Ports on the route followed by Sania:

• Port of Mergui – Myanmar
• Port of Ramong – Thailand
• Port of Krueng Raya – Indonesia, etc.

Question 2.
Which of the routes you feel is shorter? That of Sameer’s or Sania’s?
Answer:
Sameer’s route is shorter.

Question 3.
Which oceans does one have to pass through if one follows Sameer’s route or Sania’s route?
Answer:
If one follows Sameer’s route one has to pass through the Indian Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean. If Sania’s route is taken she has to pass through the Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean.

Question 4.
What are Panama and Suez? For what purpose were they constructed?
Answer:

• Panama and Suez are the canals in the sea built for commercial purpose.
• It helped in saving time, money and energy and gave a fillip to international trade due to the shorter distance and easy accessibility.

Question 5.
Have they been used in Sameer’s and Sania’s routes?
Answer:
Yes, Suez Canal is used in Sameer’s route while Panama Canal is used in Sania’s route.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill the blanks choosing the correct alternatives from the brackets:

Question 1.
The ______ includes all the water bodies like oceans, seas, rivers and their tributaries, lakes, reservoirs and also ground water that exist on the earth.
(lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere)
Answer:
hydrosphere

Question 2.
Total global water 97.7% is contained in ______ (lakes, oceans, seas)
Answer:
oceans

Question 3.
The ocean with an area 166,240,977 sq. km is the _______ ocean. (Indian, Atlantic, Pacific)
Answer:
Pacific

Question 4.
All rivers flowing from mountains or hilly areas finally meet in the ________.(lakes, seas, oceans)
Answer:
oceans

Question 5.
Salinity is expressed in terms of ______.(mils, ml, gms)
Answer:
mils

Question 6.
The average salinity of oceanic water is _______.(80%, 332%, 35%)
Answer:
35%

Question 7.
The salinity of the Dead Sea is _____.(332 %, 35%, 60%)
Answer:
332 %

Question 8.
About ________ of the surface of the earth is occupied by water. (90%, 95%, 70.8%)
Answer:
70.8%

Question 9.
Salt as a substance is obtained by constructing ______. (sea bed, salt pan, river bunds)
Answer:
salt pan

Question 10.
________ is conducted on a much higher scale as compared to the other modes of transport. (Water transport, Air transport, Road transport)
Answer:
Water transport

Question 11.
Pollution of _________ water is caused due to oil spills. (river, lake, oceanic)
Answer:
oceanic

Question 12.
Winds blowing due to pressure difference in the belts is called ______. (planetary winds, oceanic winds, minerals)
Answer:
planetary winds

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Oceans	The area in sq. km
(1) Pacific	(a) 20,327,000
(2) Atlantic	(b) 73,426,163
(3) Indian	(c) 166,240,977
(4) Southern	(d) 13,224,479
(5) the Arctic	(e) 86,557,402

Answer:
1 – c
2 – e
3 – b
4 – a
5 – d

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Pearls, corals, diamonds, medicinal plants
Answer:
diamonds

Question 2.
Spain, Norway, Japan, India
Answer:
India

Question 3.
Blue whale, sea turtles, seerfish, dolphins
Answer:
seerfish

Name the following:

Question 1.
Water bodies which are a part of the . hydrosphere.
Answer:
Oceans, seas, rivers and their tributaries, lakes, reservoirs, ground water.
Question 2.
Percentage of global waters contained in oceans.
Answer:
97.7%

Question 3.
Two aquatic animals found in the ocean.
Answer:

• Microscopic planktons
• Huge whales

Question 5.
Places where volcanic eruptions occur.
Answer:

• Land
• Ocean

Question 6.
Two minerals obtained from the sea.
Answer:

• Phosphates
• Sulphates

Question 7.
Two uses of marine animals.
Answer:

• Production of fertilisers
• Production of pharmaceuticals

Question 8.
Two countries with coastline which largely depends on the sea for their livelihood.
Answer:

• Seychelles
• Mauritius

Question 9.
The controller of global temperature and source of rains.
Answer:
Oceans.

Question 10.
The beginning and end of the water cycle takes place here.
Answer:
Oceans.

Question 11.
Two minerals obtained from the ocean floor.
Answer:

• Cobalt
• Sodium

Question 12.
Precious items obtained from the seas.
Answer:

• Pearls
• Corals

Question 13.
Mode of transport used for large scale transportation of goods.
Answer:

• Ships
• Trawlers

Question 14.
Two actions by man which has lead to large scale pollution in oceanic waters.
Answer:

• Oil spills
• Exploitative fishing

Answer the following in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What happens when aquatic animals die?
Answer:
When aquatic animals die, their remains accumulate in the oceans.

Question 2.
What enters the ocean with the rain water?
Answer:
Sediments from eroded lands, trees and bushes flowing with water, dead remains, etc. enter the ocean with the river water.

Question 3.
What happens when the dead remains in the ocean decompose?
Answer:
When the dead remains in the oceans decompose it releases various minerals and salts in the ocean water.

Question 4.
Where do we find maximum salinity?
Answer:
The Dead Sea is known to have the maximum salinity of 332%.

Question 5.
How is salt obtained?
Answer:
Salt as a substance is obtained by constructing salt pans in the coastal areas.

Question 6.
Which is one of the ancient occupations of human beings and what is the major purpose of his activity?
Answer:
Fishing is one of the ancient occupation and the major purpose of this activity is to obtain food.

Question 7.
How does the earth get rainfall?
Answer:
The oceans have a vast expanse, therefore huge amounts of vapour get created and this process goes on continuously and from this vapour the earth gets rainfall.

Question 8.
How is pollution caused in oceanic water?
Answer:
In order to fulfill his requirements, man undertakes many activities that lead to the production of huge amounts of different types of waste materials which cause pollution.

Question 9.
Write anyone cause of pollution of oceanic waters.
Answer:
Cutting of mangroves forests in coastal areas is one of the main cause of pollution in oceanic waters.

Question 10.
How does oceanic pollution affect the aquatic animals?
Answer:
Due to oceanic pollution many aquatic animals are under the threat of being extinct. For example, the blue whale, some types of sea turtles, dolphins, etc.

Question 11.
Which items does man get from the oceans?
Answer:
Salt, fish, shells and other products, minerals like iron, lead, cobalt, sodium, manganese, chromium, zinc, mineral oil and natural gas are the items man gets from oceans.

Question 12.
Which continents are located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Asia, Australia, North America and South America are the continents located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
The ocean water is saltier than drinking water.
Answer:

(i) In drinking water, the proportion of salts is quite low. Water from oceans and seas has a greater amount of salt. Hence it tastes salty.

(ii) Volcanic eruptions leads to increase in the level of salts and minerals in ocean water.

(iii) Volcanic eruptions takes place in the oceans. During volcanic eruptions different minerals, ashes, salts and gases are added to the water. This increases the level of salts and minerals in ocean water.

(iv) Due to continuous evaporation of oceanic water, the proportion of salt increase.

Question 2.
The temperature in coastal areas remains equable.
Answer:

(i) In regions close to the oceans, seas or large reservoirs, there is not much of a difference in the temperature throughout the day.

(ii) The main reason for this is the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air.

(iii) This vapour in the air absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

(iv) Hence, the temperature in coastal regions remain equable.

Question 3.
It is economic to carry out transport by water ways.
Answer:

• Waterways is a cost-effective, fuel efficient and relatively more environment friendly means of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods can be carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc. at a low cost.
• So it is economic to carry out transport by waterway.

Question 4.
There is a difference in the climate of regions close to the oceans and regions far away from the oceans.
Answer:
(i) The oceans influence the climatic condition of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than regions away from the ocean.

(ii) There is a difference in the maximum and minimum temperature with the difference being less in coastal region (nearness to the sea) while it is more in the region far away from the sea (continentality).

(iii) The temperature in coastal areas remains equable due to the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air. This vapour absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

Question 5.
Oceans act as the controller of global temperature.
Answer:

(i) Winds move the oceanic water in the form of currents.

(ii) Ocean currents move from the equatorial region to polar regions and from polar regions to the equatorial region.

(iii) This leads to the redistribution of heat on the earth.

(iv) The cold currents moving towards the equatorial region making the temperature of coastal areas in that zone milder whereas the warm currents coming in the colder region cause the temperature in coastal areas to rise. Hence, the oceans act as the controller of global temperature.

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
What are planetary winds?
Answer:

• Equatorial regions receives perpendicular sunrays.
• As a result these areas get more heat whereas the polar regions receive highly slant rays.
• This differential heating creates imbalance in the temperature of air in different parts leading to formation of belts of high and low pressure on earth.
• Winds blow1 due to the pressure differences in these belts. These winds are called Planetary Winds.

Question 2.
Write in brief about oceanic transport.
Answer:

• Oceans have provided us the most economic option of transportation.
• Large scale transportation of goods is carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc.
• International trade is carried out on a large scale using waterways.
• Countries like Spain, Norway, Japan have a good coastline due to which goods are transported by ocean routes, making these countries important.

Question 3.
How do ocean currents aid water transport?
Answer:

• Ocean currents are quite important in water transport.
• As far as possible water transport is carried out along ocean currents.
• They accelerate the speed of the ships and also save fuel to a considerable extent.

Question 4.
List the causes that lead to large scale pollution of oceanic water.
Answer:
The causes that lead to large scale pollution of oceanic water are:

• Oil spills.
• Releasing the waste produced in the coastal cities into the seas.
• Materials thrown out from ships.
• Exploitative fishing.
• Cutting of mangrove forests in coastal areas.
• Disasters caused by the water mines.
• Sewage released by industries and cities.
• Excavation carried out in the seas.

Do it yourself!

Question 1.
Calculate the difference between the mean maximum and minimum temperature and write in the last column

Place	Country	Mean Max. Temp. °C	Mean Min. Temp. °C	Range of Temperature
Beijing	China	18.4	08.4	10
Istanbul	Turkey	18.0	10.0	08		_______
Madrid	Spain	19.0	09.0	10
New York66	United States	16.3	08.3	08		________
Denver	United States	16.2	02.2	14
Kabul	Afghanistan	14.7	05.2	09.5		________
Baghdad	Iraq	30.4	14.7	15.7

Question 2.
Highlight the rows for the places having a range of temperatures over 10°C with red colour, other rows in blue colour (Refer the above table)
Question 3.
Find the locations of these places from an atlas. (Students activity)
Question 4.
Which places are closer to the oceans? Tell whether the range of temperature at these
places is l ess or more?
Answer:
Istanbul and New York are closer to the oceans. These places which are closer to the oceans have lesser range of temperature.

Question 5.
What might be the main reason leading to differences in the temperature range in different places?
Answer:
The main reason leading to differences in temperature range in different places is because of the location of the place on the planet earth. Other factors like latitude, altitude, atmosphere, ocean currents, planetary winds etc. too have their impact.

Question 6.
In which thermal zone are all these places located?
Answer:
All these places are located in the temperate thermal zone.

Question 7.
Which places are fai away from the oceans?
Do these places have a greater or smaller temperature range?
Answer:
Istanbul, Denver, Kabul and Baghdad are far away from the ocean as these places have a greater temperature range.

Question 8.
Mention the places having the smallest and greatest temperature ranges.
Answer:
Istanbul and New York have the smallest temperature range while Baghdad has the greatest temperature range.

Question 9.
Draw a graph for the above data. Use a proper colour scheme.
Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Occupations Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Occupations

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Select the correct option:

Question 1.
Serving as a ______ is a tertiary type of occupation.(bus conductor, veterinary doctor, brick kiln worker)
Answer:
bus conductor

Question 2.
In the tropical areas, we mainly see ________ occupations. (primary; secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
primary

Question 3.
Amol’s Granny sells papads and pickles. This is a _______ occupation. (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
secondary

B. Give reasons:

Question 1.
The type of occupation determines a person’s
income.
Answer:
(i) Occupation is a job, a person’s role in society wherein a regular activity is carried out for income.

(ii) Certain occupations bring greater economic benefits to the society and the nation at large while certain occupations bring relatively less economic benefits.

(iii) Similarly some occupations require higher level of knowledge and skill while some can be carried out with little or no skill or expertise. Person’s income is proportionate to the economic benefit his occupation brings with it and the land of his knowledge and skill. So the type of occupation determines a person’s income.

Question 2.
Primary occupations are associated with developing countries while tertiary, with developed countries.
Answer:
(i) Countries which are developing have low income as they are in a state of development and their main source of income comes from production carried out in primary sector.

(ii) Developed countries are rich with high income and so they practice tertiary occupation. They have enough money to invest in business which creates tertiary occupations which requires huge investment.

Question 3.
Quaternary occupations are not commonly seen.
Answer:
Quaternary occupations are occupations which require special knowledge, skills and expertise. This sectorevolves in well-developed countries and requires skilled workforce apart from sufficient money to invest in fields like IT, research and development, quality testing, etc.

Activity:

• Visit a secondary occupation in your area.
• Gather information related to that occupation
• using the following points and note it down.
• Name of the occupation
• Raw material used
• Source of raw material
• Finished product
• Market for finished product
• Tertiary occupations required in it.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations InText Questions and Answers

Look at the figure and answer the following questions:




Question 1.
What are the cows and buffaloes in picture A doing?
Answer:
The animals, cows and buffaloes are grazing in the pasture, i.e. land covered with grass and other low plants.

Question 2.
What is being obtained in picture B?
Answer:
Milk is being obtained in picture B.

Question 3.
What is happening at the Milk Collection Centre in picture C?
Answer:
Milk is being filled for storage and sold at the milk collection centre.

Question 4.
In picture D, what is being transported? Where could the tanker be going?
Answer:
Milk is being transported to the milk processing centre. The tanker is on the truck

Question 5.
Which products are seen in picture E? From what have these products been made?
Answer:
Curd, ghee, butter, cheese and shrikhand are the products seen in picture E and these products have been made from milk.

Question 6.
What else is happening in picture E?
Answer:
In picture E, person is testing the quality of the prepared milk products.

Question 7.
Out of the products shown in picture F, which products do you use?
Answer:
I use all the products shown in picture F as milk products are high on nutrients and good for health.

Question 8.
What would be main difference between milk and milk products?
Answer:
Milk is a beverage obtained from nature, directly from different animals. While milk products are obtained by processing milk into different products.

Question 9.
Do these products perish quickly like milk?
Answer:
No, they have a longer life unlike milk.

Look at the figure and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which of these activities is undertaken to obtain a product from nature?
Answer:
Obtaining milk from the cow is the activity undertaken to obtain a product from nature.

Question 2.
How long does this product last?
Answer:
If refrigerated it will last for about five days to one week.

Question 3.
In which picture is the product obtained from nature being collected?
Answer:
In picture C, the product obtained from nature is being collected.

Question 4.
Which service did the milk producer get through this activity?
Answer:
Transport and unloading of milk, a tertiary service is the service which the milk producer received.

Question 5.
Where is milk being taken? What happens to the milk thereafter?
Answer:
The milk is being taken to the milk processing centre for processing milk to make milk products.

Question 6.
What milk products are seen in the picture?
Answer:
Ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand are the products seen in the picture.

Question 7.
Who inspects these products?
Answer:
A food inspector, a person with special skill and expertise inspects these products.

Question 8.
What does the shopkeeper do with these products?
Answer:
The shopkeeper sells these products to the consumer.

Question 9.
Which of these products are perishable and which are non- perishable?
Answer:
All are the products, even after proper storage will deteriorate and perish over a period of time.

Question 10
Will the price and weight of these products be same as that of the milk?
Answer:
The price and weight of these products will be higher after processing. These products will be more durable and its quality too will be enhanced and so their price will be also higher.

Use your brainpower!

Question 1.
Milk is available at ₹ 40 per litre while dahi at ₹ 60 per kg and paneer at ₹ 200 per kg. If both are obtained from milk, why is there so much difference in their prices?
Answer:
Milk is being processed, obtained from nature and made it into different products. These products are more durable. Their quality its enhanced and therefore their price is higher.

Answer the following questions based on the pie charts:

Question 1.
Which country has more manpower engaged in primary occupation?
Answer:
Bangladesh.

Question 2.
Which country has more manpower engaged in secondary occupation?
Answer:
Turkey.

Question 3.
Which country has more manpower engaged in tertiary occupations?
Answer:
United Arab Emirates.

Question 4.
Which country has almost equal manpower engaged in all the occupations?
Answer:
Turkey.

Think a little!

Who am I?

Question 1.
Who examines us when we fall ill?
Answer:
Doctor

Question 2.
Who checks our examination papers?
Answer:
Teacher

Question 3.
Who prepares the designs of buildings?
Answer:
Architect

Question 4.
Who produces machines and looks after their maintenance and repairs?
Answer:
Engineer

Observe figure and answer the questions related to sugar production:



Question 1.
Classify the occupations from primary to quaternary
Answer:

Primary	Secondary	Tertiary	Quaternary
Harvesting of sugarcane	Sugarcane being collected at factory	Transport of sugarcane	Quality check
	Processing of sugarcane juice	Sacks of sugar being canned	Inspection and maintenance of machinery in the factory
	Sugar production	Sale of goods

Question 2.
Which raw material is used in the secondary occupation?
Answer:
Sugarcane is the raw material used in the secondary occupation.

Question 3.
Which is the finished product obtained in the secondary occupation?
Answer:
Sugar is the finished product obtained in the secondary occupation.

Question 4.
What are the services in tertiary occupations?
Answer:
Transport of sugarcane, sacks of sugar being carried and sales of goods are the services in tertiary occupations.

Question 5.
Which picture is related to a quaternary occupation? Can you name the occupation?
Answer:
Picture G is related to a quaternary occupation. The occupation is quality testing.

Think and discuss:

What effect does nature have on our occupations? Think a little. Give a thought to the following issues. Discuss them in the class. Write two paragraphs about it.

• There have been no rain at all (drought).
• A storm strikes
• There was an earthquake.
• Untimely rains
• Good rains
• Excessive rains and floods
• All of a sudden, a volcano erupts
• A tsunami hits.

Answer:
Primary occupations like agriculture can be totally disrupted if there are no rains or excessive rains while good rains will usher with good agricultural output. When we receive good agricultural yield it will have a positive input on all secondary occupations which rely on agriculture. It will bring about all-round growth in both agricultural and industrial sector.

Natural calamities like storms, earthquake, volcanoes and tsunami can have adverse impact on various occupations. It can bring all the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary occupations to a standstill. Occupations related to production, storage, distribution, etc. will be greatly affected as rescue and rehabilitation of the people and reconstruction of the damaged caused, becomes a priority.

Do it yourself!

Question 1.
Which occupations are found in your area?
Answer:
I live in Maharashtra and occupations like textile manufacture, manufacture of sugar, pharmaceutical, petrochemicals, electronics, automobiles, engineering services, food processing, etc. are practised here.

Question 2.
Which occupation is practised on a large scale?
Answer:
Sugar manufacturing is an occupation which is practised on a large scale.

Question 3.
Find the reason behind it.
Answer:
Advantageous location of Maharashtra, progressive government policies, availability of raw material, i.e. sugarcane, good infrastructure and above all the ownership given to farmers in sugar factories are the reasons why this occupation is practised on a large scale.

Question 4.
Both human and natural factors affect occupations. Can you find those factors?
Answer:
Development of industries, availability of technical know-how and skilled manpower, existing labour laws and government policies pertaining to occupations development of infrastructure are the human factors that affect occupations.
Climate, terrain of a region, fertility of soil, susceptibility to natural calamities, availability of raw materials, etc. are the natural factors which affect occupations.

Question 5.
Obtain information about the damage caused to the environment through different occupations.
Answer:
Pollution of the environment in all its form – air, water, soil and land, deforestation, soil erosion, depletion of the ozone layer, etc. are some of the damages caused due to different occupations practised.

While practising occupations we should be careful not be cause of hazardous air emissions, land contamination leading to soil pollution, marine and coastal pollution caused due to untreated waste water, etc. Sustainable development, let us remember should be the need of the hour.

Visit a secondary occupation in your area gather information related to that occupation using the following points and note it down:
Answer:

Name of the occupation	Pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Raw material used	Animal extracts, herbal extracts, additives like glaze, talc, etc. and chemical substances.
Sources of raw material	From different parts of India, some raw materials are imported from other countries.
Finished products	Medicine and other pharma products.
Market of finished products	National and international markets including US, UK, Australia, Russia, Germany, etc.
Tertiary occupations	Transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods and sale of goods.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following statements by choosing the correct options:

Question 1.
Occupations which are dependent on nature are called _______ occupations. (secondary, primary, tertiary)
Answer:
primary

Question 2.
Processed products are ________.(non-perishable, more durable, less durable)
Answer:
more durable

Question 3.
Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called ______ occupations. (primary, secondary, quaternary)
Answer:
secondary

Question 4.
The occupations which provide complimentary services to the other two occupations are called _________ occupations. (tertiary, secondary, primary)
Answer:
tertiary

Question 5.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in _______ activities are considered to be developed countries. (primary , secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
tertiary

Question 6.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in primary activities are considered to be _____ countries. (developed, developing, under developed)
Answer:
developing

Question 7.
transactions decide the country’s ______.(production, occupation, manpower)
Answer:
primary

Arrange the following in proper order:

• Selling milk products in the market.
• Obtaining milk and selling milk.
• Processing milk at milk processing centres.
• Rearing of domestic animals.
• Making ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand, paneer, milk powder, etc.

Answer:

• Rearing of domestic animals.
• Obtaining milk and selling milk.
• Processing milk at milk processing centre.
• Making ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand, paneer, milk powder, etc.
• Selling milk products in the market.

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Animal husbandry and fishing	(a) secondary occupation
(2) Processing of milk	(b) tertiary occupation
(3) Transport of goods	(c) quaternary occupation
(4) Quality testing of product	(d) primary occupation
(5) Transaction of the country	(e) economic transactions
	(f) production

Answer:
1 – d
2 – a
3 – b
4 – c
5 – f

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two products obtained after processing milk at milk processing centre:
Answer:

1. Butter
2. Cheese

Question 2.
Any two animals domesticated by man:
Answer:

1. Cow
2. Buffalo

Question 3.
Occupation which is directly dependent on nature:
Answer:
Primary occupations.

Question 4.
Occupations dependent on primary occupations:
Answer:
Secondary occupations.

Question 5.
Occupations which provide complementary services to primary and secondary occupations:
Answer:
Tertiary occupations.

Question 6.
Occupations like sale of goods
Answer:
Tertiary occupations or service occupations

Question 7.
Occupations which requires special expertise:
Answer:
Quaternary occupations.

Question 8.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in tertiary activities:
Answer:
Developed countries.

Question 9.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in primary activities:
Answer:
Developing countries.

Complete the table:

Occupations	Definition	Examples
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Answer:

Occupations	Definition	Examples
Primary	Occupation which directly depend on nature are called primary occupations.	Farming, animal husbandry, mining, foresting, fishing.
Secondary	Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called secondary occupations.	Food processing, manufacturing, construction.
Tertiary	Occupations which provide complementary services to primary and secondary occupations are called tertiary occupations.	Transport of goods, commercial services, loading and unloading goods, sale of goods.
Quaternary	The occupations which requires special expertise and special skills are called quaternary occupations.	Quality testing of food products, inspection and maintenance., IT.

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Why does man undertake various activities?
Answer:
Man undertakes various activities to satisfy his need.

Question 2.
How are activities undertaken by man classified?
Answer:
Activities undertaken by man are classified on the basis of their nature and the products they yield.

Question 3.
Where are raw materials supplied to the industries often obtained from?
Answer:
Raw materials supplied to the industries are often obtained from nature.

Question 4.
Which occupations require special skills and expertise?
Answer:
Quaternary occupations requires special skills and expertise.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Why are the prices of processed milk products higher?
Answer:

• Milk obtained from nature is processed and made into different products which involves high cost.
• These products are more durable.
• Their quality too is enhanced.
• Therefore their price is also higher.

Question 2.
Explain the term “Service occupation”.
Answer:

• The occupations which provide complementary services to the other two occupations, i.e., primary and secondary occupations are tertiary occupations.
• These occupations are complementary i.e., supportive to all other occupations.
• These occupations are called as service occupation e.g., transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods and sale of goods, etc.

Question 3.
A person testing the quality of a product is practising a quaternary occupation. Elaborate.
Answer:

• To test the quality of a product, a person must have some special skills.
• This service is not an ordinary one but the one which requires special expertise.
• Such services which requires special skills and expertise are called quaternary occupations.

Question 4.
How can we decide the extent of the country’s development?
Answer:

• Different occupations are practised in different countries of the world.
• Through these occupations, economic transactions occur within a country and between various countries.
• These transactions decide the country’s production of various goods and their national income.
• This, in turn, is used to decide the extent of a country’s development.

Question 5.
What decides the country’s annual income?
Answer:
Different occupations are practised in different countries of the world through which economic transactions occur within country and various countries which decide the country’s production of various goods and their annual income.

I can do this!

Question 1.
Answer:

Name different occupations

Primary occupation Secondary occupation Tertiary occupation Quaternary occupation

Differences

Primary occupations are those occupations which are dependent on nature, e.g. Agriculture. Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called secondary occupations, e.g. Food processing. Those occupations which provide complementary services to primary and secondary occupation are called tertiary occupations, e.g. Sale of goods. While occupation which requires special skills and expertise are called quaternary occupation, e.g. Quality assurance.

Question 2.
Classify the occupations from primary to quaternary.
Answer:

Primary occupations	Secondary occupations	Tertiary occupations	Quaternary occupations
Farming, mining, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing	Manufacturing, construction, food processing	Commercial services, transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods, sale of goods	Research and development, IT, quality assurance, inspection and maintenance

 

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Temperature Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Temperature

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Where am I?

Question 1.
The isotherm 0°C runs in my surroundings:
Answer:
Northern Asia/Northem Canada.

Question 2.
The mean annual temperature is 25°C around me:
Answer:
Central Africa.

Question 3.
The mean annual temperature around me is 10°C:
Answer:
Northern Europe/Central Asia/USA.

B. Who am I?

Question 1.
I connect places of equal temperature.
Answer:
Isotherm.

Question 2.
I am useful for measuring the correct temperature.
Answer:
Simple thermometer.

Question 3.
I get heated due to the land or water near me.
Answer:
Air.

Question 4.
Land and water gets heated due to me.
Answer:
Sunrays.

C. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Explain with a diagram, the effect of the spherical shape of the earth on the temperature at different latitudes.
Answer:

• Due to the spherical shape of the earth and the resultant curvature of the surface, sunrays occupy a larger or a lesser area.
• Equatorial regions which receive straight rays of the sun occupy less space and heat received is more.
• Polar regions receive slant rays of the sun occupy larger space but the heat received is less.

Question 2.
What is the relation between the latitudinal extent and temperature of a region?
Answer:

• 0° and 23° 30′ North and South perpendicular rays. Temperatures are higher throughout the year.
• 23° 30′ and 66° 30′ North and South receive extreme slant rays. Temperatures are moderate.
• 66° 30′ and 90° North and South receive extreme slant rays. Temperatures are very low.

Question 3.
What makes the isotherms run zigzag over continental areas?
Answer:
Isotherms run zigzag over continental areas because the temperature is influenced by its physical set up and height above the mean sea level on the continent.

Activity:

• Use the thermometer in your school and note the daily temperature on a display board.
• For two weeks, take down in your notebook, the information regarding weather given in the daily newspapers. Discuss your notes in the classroom.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Find the range of temperature at Mumbai, Nagpur and Srinagar. Draw bar graphs for the same.
Answer:
Annual Range of temperature in °C

Region	Min. temperature	Max. temperature
Mumbai	20.5	32
Nagpur	22	44
Srinagar	2.5	24

Answer the following questions with the help of figure:

Question 1.
What is the tube of the thermometer fixed on ?
Answer:
The tube of the thermometer is fixed on a mount.

Question 2.
What substance is used in the thermometer tube?
Answer:
Mercury or alcohol is used in the thermometer tube.

Question 3.
What do the figures on the scale indicate?
Answer:
The figures on the scale indicate temperature scale.

Question 4.
In which different units is the temperature measured?
Answer:
The temperature shows Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Question 5.
What season does the temperature in the figure indicate?
Answer:
The figure indicates summer season.

How will the rays fall between:

Question 1.
0° and 23° 30′ North and South?
Answer:
Perpendicular rays.

Question 2.
23° 30′ and 66° 30′ North and South?
Answer:
Slant rays.

Question 3.
66° 30′ and 90° North and South?
Answer:
Extreme slant rays.

What will you do?

You stay at ‘Man’ in Satara district. Your Grandma stays at Vengurla in Sindhudurg district. During Diwali, you often visit Vengurla. You like the sea coast there. The warm air of that region attracts you because you are freed from the dry air and scratching cold of your place. This time Grandma is suffering from asthma. Doctors have advised her to stay at a place which has a drier climate. What should you do?
Answer:

• Humid air is heavier than dry air, thus a person suffering from asthma finds it difficult to breathe in humid air.
• So, I will take my grandma to my place at Man’ in Satara district, as the air is dry in this region.

Think a little!

Question 1.
Will it be alright if water or oil is used in the thermometer?
Answer:
Water or oil cannot be used in a thermometer because they have a very high freezing part due to the lower temperature upto 30°C cannot be shown.

Question 2.
Where is the temperature of your district headquarters recorded?
Answer:
The temperature of the district headquarters is recorded in the district meteorological department.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which season would be the best for visiting the following places and why? Goa, Chikhaldara, Chennai, Darjeeling, Ellora, Agra.
Answer:
Goa, Chennai, Ellora and Agra in the winter season. Chikhaldara and Darjeeling in the summer season.

Question 2.
Tell if the following statement is right or wrong. Give reasons.
In order to understand the climate of a region, the latitudinal extent is more useful than the longitudinal extent.
Answer:
The above statement is right.
In order to understand the climate of a region, the latitudinal extent is more useful because the earth is divided into three temperature zones depending on the amount of heat received from the equator to the North and South Poles.

Observe the map. Name the coastal areas that will experience changes in temperature. Give the reason for this.

Answer:
(i) West coast of North America : The California current moving from the Northern frigid zone to the torrid zone will reduce the temperature at this coast.

(ii) East coast of North America : The Gulf stream current flowing towards the northern frigid zone will increase the temperature at this coast.

(iii) West coast of Europe : The North Atlantic current flowing towards the Northern frigid zone will increase the temperature at this coast

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks wish the right alternative given in the bracket:

Question 1.
The main factor which influences the distribution of temperature is ______. (ocean current, longitude, latitude)
Answer:
latitude

Question 2.
______gas can hold heat within itself in the atmosphere. (Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Hydrogen)
Answer:
Carbon dioxide

Question 3.
Isotherms are fairly parallel to the latitudinal line in the _____ hemisphere. (Northern, Western, Southern)
Answer:
Southern

Question 4.
Nagpur receives _______ climate. (extreme, equable, moderate)
Answer:
extreme

Question 5.
When an ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone, it _____ the temperature of the coast in the torrid zone. (increase, reduces, equal)
Answer:
reduces

Question 6.
Isotherms are lines that connect places with the ______ temperature after avoiding the effect of the height, (different, same, moderate)
Answer:
same

Question 7.
Substance used in a thermometer tube is _____ (water, mercury, oil)
Answer:
mercury

Question 8.
The freezing point of mercury is _______°C. (-39, -49, -59)
Answer:
-39

Question 9.
The freezing point of alcohol is _____ °C. (-110, -120, -130)
Answer:
-130

Question 10.
Air temperature is measured in _______ (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Grams)
Answer:
Celsius

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Factor	Isoline
(1) Height	(a) Isotherm
(2) Temperature	(b) Isohyet
(3) Pressure	(c) Contour
(4) Rainfall	(d) Isobar
(5) Planktons	(e) Food for fishes
	(f) Ocean current

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b
5 – e

Give one word for the following sentences:

Question 1.
The sunrays which occupy less area.
Answer:
Perpendicular.

Question 2.
The sunrays which occupy larger area.
Answer:
Slant.

Question 3.
The climate in coastal areas.
Answer:
Equable.

Question 4.
The climate in continental areas.
Answer:
Extreme.

Question 5.
Food for fishes.
Answer:
Plankton.

Question 6.
Main factor responsible for influenceing the distribution of temperature.
Answer:
Latitude.

Question 7.
Measuring daily temperature.
Answer:
Thermometer.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Temperature zones on the earth:
Answer:
Torrid zone, temperate zone and frigid zone.

Question 2.
Lines drawn on a map by joining all the points having the same value:
Answer:
Isolines.

Question 3.
Two cold currents:
Answer:
Canaries and Peruvian current.

Question 4.
Two warm currents.:
Answer:
Equatorial and Brazil current.

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What is diurnal range of temperature?
Answer:
The difference in maximum and minimum temperature of a day is called diurnal range of temperature.

Question 2.
What factors leads to horizontal currents in the ocean?
Answer:
Horizontal currents develop in the ocean due

difference in temperature
density of water and
winds.

Question 3.
What is the advantage of the convergence of warm and cold current?
Answer:
The convergence of warm and cold current favours the growth of plankton.

Question 4.
What are isolines?
Answer:
Lines drawn on a map by joining all the points having the same value are called isolines.

Question 5.
Where is the distance between the isotherms parallel?
Answer:
The distance between the isotherms are parallel from South Pole to the Tropic of Capricorn.

Question 6.
Which factors lead to diversity in the climate of different regions?
Answer:
The factors which lead to diversity in the climate of different regions are nearness to the sea, continentality, height above the mean sea level and physical level.

Question 7.
What is an annual range of temperature?
Answer:
The difference in the mean temperatures of summer and winter is called an annual range of temperature.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
There is unequal distribution of heat received from the Sun.
Answer:
The unequal distribution of heat received from the Sun is because:

• The earth is spherical in shape.
• The rays which fall on the equator are straight, occupy less area and give more heat.
• The rays which fall on the curvature i.e., on the polar regions are slant rays which occupy large area and give less heat.

Question 2.
The temperature near the sea level is higher and it decreases in the mountainous region.
Answer:

• Firstly, the sea water gets heated by the rays of the sun.
• The absorbed heat is later radiated into the atmosphere.
• So, the layer of air close to the surface gets heated.
• This heat gets transferred vertically to the adjacent upper layers of air.
• Therefore, the temperature near the sea level is higher and it decreases at the mountainous region.

Question 3.
In the coastal areas, as compared to continental areas, the temperature of air is lower during the day but warmer at night.
Answer:

• There is difference in the heating and cooling of land and water.
• The air over the land gets heated faster and also cools rapidly.
• The air over the water gets heated slowly and also loses the heat in a slower manner.
• The temperature of air is lower during the day but warmer at night, in the coastal areas when compared to continental areas.

Question 4.
Greenhouse gases lead to increasing temperature of the earth.
Answer:

• Some gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and water vapour can hold the heat within themselves for a long period of time.
• Due to the gases, the temperature of air in the atmosphere increases.
• Thus, greenhouse gases lead to increasing temperature of the earth.

Question 5.
Regions, where warm and cold currents converge, are favourable for the growth of fisheries.
Answer:

• Regions, where warm and cold currents converge, are favourable for the growth of planktons.
• Planktons are the food for fishes.
• Fishes travel here in large numbers.
• They breed in warm waters and increase the number of fishes.
• Therefore, regions where warm and cold currents converge favour the growth of fisheries.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Explain the movement of ocean currents from equator to the polar region.
Answer:
Due to temperature differences, both upward and horizontal currents develop in the ocean. Besides temperature differences, factors like winds and differences in the density of water also give rise to horizontal currents. These ocean currents flow from the equator to the polar region and from the polar region to the equator.

Question 2.
Explain the effect of the ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone.
Answer:
When an ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone, it reduces the temperature of the coasts in the torrid zone. When a current flows from the torrid to the frigid zone, it increases the temperature of the coasts in the frigid zone.

I can do this!

Question 1.
Identify the temperature zones.
Answer:
There are three temperature zones namely torrid, temperate and frigid zones.

Question 2.
Tell the factors influencing temperature.
Answer:
Factors influencing temperature are latitude, winds, nearness to the sea, continentality, vegetation cover, cloud cover, physical set up, height above sea level and industrialisation.

Question 3.
Describe the global distribution of temperature with its characteristics.
Answer:
The isotherms in the southern hemisphere are fairly parallel to the latitudinal lines. From South Pole to the Tropic of Capricorn the distance between these lines is almost equal. As the proportion of land in the southern hemisphere is limited, temperatures in these parts are largely influenced by latitude.

In the northern hemisphere, the distance between these lines varies. In this hemisphere, the proportion of land is comparatively greater. This affects the distribution of temperature. These effects are seen in the form of variations in the distance between the isotherms and curved nature of these lines.

Question 4.
Describe the structure of a thermometer.
Answer:
A vacuum glass tube is filled with mercury or alcohol is mounted on a wooden board. There are two temperature scales showing Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Comparing a Globe and a Map; Field Visits Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Comparing a Globe and a Map; Field Visits

Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Comparing a Globe and a Map; Field Visits Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What characteristics of two and three dimensional devices did you note?
Answer:
Two-dimensional objects have length and width and its product is area. Three-dimensional objects have length, width and height and its product is volume.

Question 2.
What features can be shown on a very small globe?
Answer:
On a very small globe the entire earth can be represented.

Question 3.
Which device will be suitable for understanding the concept of day and night on the earth?
Answer:
The globe is suitable for understanding the concept of day and night on the earth.

Question 4.
Which device will be useful to show your village/city?
Answer:
A map can be useful to show a village/city.

Question 5.
Which device can be easily carried from one place to another?
Answer:
A map can be easily carried from one place to another.

Activity:

Make two groups. Each group should ask the other group to find the locations of different places on the globe. You may also do this with a map.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Comparing a Globe and a Map; Field Visits Textbook Questions and Answers

Study the world map, a map of India and the globe and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which device is flat?
Answer:
The world map and map of India are flat.

Question 2.
Which device is spherical?
Answer:
The globe is spherical.

Question 3.
Which of these devices allows you to see the entire area of the earth at the same time?
Answer:
The globe allows us to see the entire area of the earth at the same time.

Question 4.
Which device allows you to see only one side of the earth at a time?
Answer:
The map allows us to see only one side of the earth at a time.

Question 5.
Which device can be used for studying a particular region in detail?
Answer:
A map can be used for studying a particular region in detail.

Question 6.
Which device can be called a model of the earth?
Answer:
The globe can be called a model of the earth.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Comparing a Globe and a Map; Field Visits Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct option from the brackets:

Question 1.
Map is ______ dimensional whereas a globe is ______ dimensional. (one, tvo, three, four)
Answer:
two, three

Question 2.
______ is a representative model of theentire earth. (map, sphere, globe)
Answer:
Globe

Question 3.
A field visit is an important method of studying ________.(political science, geography, history)
Answer:
geography

Question 4. _______ is the largest operational globe in the world. (EARTHA, Earth, Earthia)
Answer:
EARTHA

Name the following:

Question 1.
Two objects which are two-dimensional.
Answer:
Map, land

Question 2.
Two objects which are three-dimensional.
Answer:
Globe, duster

Question 3.
Two places for students to be taken for field visit.
Answer:
Post office, mall

Question 4.
Place where EARTHA is housed.
Answer:
Yarmouth in the State of Maine in the United States of America.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
How is a field visit an important method of studying geography?
Answer:

• A field visit helps us to understand the geographical and social conditions of a place.
• It provides an opportunity to directly interact with the local people and understand their problems.

Question 2.
Write a note on – EARTHA.
Answer:

• EARTHA is the largest operational globe in the world.
• It is housed at Yarmouth in the State of Maine in the United State of America.
• The rotation and revolution speed of this globe is maintained as per that of the earth.

Question 3.
How is a map drawn?
Answer:
Various steps to draw a map:

• A wire globe is prepared.
• A source of light is placed inside the globe.
• Thereafter projection of the wire graticule is obtained on a paper
• This projection is used to drawmaps.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Let us Use the Graticule Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Let us Use the Graticule

Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Let us Use the Graticule Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Put a tick mark against the correct option in the space given:

Question 1.
66° 30′ North parallel means:
(i) Arctic Circle
(ii) Equator
(iii) Antarctic Circle
Answer:
Arctic Circle

Question 2.
Which parallel bisects the earth?
(i) Tropic of Cancer
(ii) Tropic of Capricorn
(iii) Equator
Answer:
Equator

Question 3.
What is the angular distance of the Arctic Circle from North Pole?
(i) 66° 30′
(ii) 90°
(iii) 23° 30
Answer:
23° 30′

Question 4.
Where do the Prime Meridian and the equator • intersect each other?
(i) Southern Ocean
(ii) Atlantic Ocean
(iii) African Continent
Answer:
African Continent

Question 5.
Up to which parallels from the equator can the j sun’s rays be perpendicular?
(i) Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
(ii) Arctic and Antarctic Circles
(iii) North and South Poles
Answer:
Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

Question 6.
What would be the latitude of a place on the South pole?
(i) 9o°S
(ii) 90°N
(iii) 0°D
Answer:
90° S

B. Read the following statements and correct the wrong ones:

Question 1.
While describing the location of a place mentioning the meridian is sufficient.
Answer:
While describing the location of a place, we need to consider one parallel and one meridian.

Question 2.
For describing the extent of a region, it is necessary to assume the latitude and longitude of the centre of the adjoining region.
Answer:
For describing the extent of a region, we need to consider two parallels and two meridians at the extreme ends of the same regions.

Question 3.
Location of a road can be described only with a map.
Answer:
Location of a road can be described with latitude and longitude of a point.

Question 4.
0° East meridian and 180° East meridian.
Answer:
0° meridian and 180° meridian.

Question 5.
The extent of a road or a river course is described with the help of the latitude of a point in the source and the longitude of a point at the end.
Answer:
The extent of a road or a river course is described with the help of the latitude and the longitude of a point in the source and also at the end.

Question 6.
8° 4′ N parallel to 37° 66° N parallel is the correct description of a location
Answer:
8° 4’ N parallel to 37° 66’ N parallel is the correct description of a location.

C. Find the locations of following cities from a world map, a map of India or a Globe and write down the latitude and longitude of each of them:

1. Mumbai
2. Guwahati
3. Srinagar
4. Bhopal
5. Chennai
6. Ottawa
7. Tokyo
8. Johannesburg
9. New York
10. London

Answer:

Place	Latitude	Longitude
Mumbai	19° 00′ N	72 48’ E
Guwahati	26° 12′ N	91 48’ E
Srinagar	34° 05′ N	74 50’ E
Bhopal	23° 18′ N	77 24’ E
Chennai	13° 06′ N	80 18’ E
ottawa	45° 27′ N	75 42’ W
Tokyo	35° 45′ N	139 45’ E
Johannesburg	26° 10′ S	28 03’ E
New York	43° 00′ N	75 00’ W
London	51° 31′ N	0 7’ W

D. Find and write down the extent of the following. (Check them on the internet/ mobile):

Question 1.
Maharashtra (State)
Answer:
Question 1. 20° 00′ N / 76° 00’E

Question 2.
Chile (A country)
Answer:
35° 00′ S / 72° 00’W

Question 3.
Australia (A continent)
Answer:
10° 30′ S to 43° 39′ S – 113° E to 153° E

Question 4.
Sri Lanka (An island)
Answer:
7° 30′ N / 80° 50′ E

Question 5.
Trans Siberian Railway of Russia (Starting point – St. Petersburg, Terminal Point-Vladivostok)
Answer:
59° 55′ N / 30° 20′ E – 43° 10′ N / 131° 53’ E

E. Draw important parallels and meridians in the figure given below and label them with appropriate angular measures. (Use the protractor.)

Answer:

F. Write the important parallels and meridians in the following table:

Answer:

Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Let us Use the Graticule InText Questions and Answers

Make friends with the globe!

Observe the globe and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are the horizontal lines on the globe called?
Answer:
The horizontal lines on the globe are called latitudes.

Question 2.
List the continents and oceans through which the equator passes.
Answer:
Continents – Africa, South America, Asia Oceans – Pacific, Atlantic and Indian

Question 3.
Encircle the intersection of 0° meridian and 0° parallel on the globe.
Answer:
Students may attempt this question of their own.

Question 4.
Which ocean is spread in all the four hemispheres?
Answer:
Pacific Ocean

Question 5.
Which continent is spread in all the four hemispheres?
Answer:
The continent of Africa

Question 6.
At which two parallels do all the meridians converge?
Answer:
90°N and 90°S parallels.

State the Importance of the following:

Question 1.
Prime Meridian
Answer:
The main purpose is to fix the global standard time and co-ordinate the standard times of different countries.

Question 2.
180° Meridian
Answer:
The International Date Line is marked with reference to this meridian.

Question 3.
Great Circles
Answer:
Great Circles are used for finding the minimum distance between any two places on the surface of the earth.

Let us use the graticule:

Answer the following questions about the location and extent with the help of figure page 11 of your textbook.

Question 1.
Which latitude and longitude define the location of the capital of Brazil- Brasilia?
Answer:
13°S latitude and 48°W longitude.

Question 2.
What would be the longitudinal extent of Brazil that spreads from 5° 15′ N to 33° 45′ S latitude?
Answer:
Longitudinal extent would be 34° 47’W to 73° 59’W.

Question 3.
In which hemispheres does Brazil extend in the north-south direction?
Answer:
Brazil extends in the both northern and southern hemispheres.

Question 4.
In which hemisphere does Brazil extend in the east-west direction?
Answer:
Brazil extends in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 5.
Which parallels and meridians should be used to describe the extend of River Sao Francisco?
Answer:
River Sao Francisco has its source at 40° 04′ W/ 20° 02’S and terminal point at 37°W/10°S.

Question 6.
Describe the location of Marajo Island using the graticule.
Answer:
Using the Graticules, the location of Marajo island is 0.4°N and 51°W.

Think a little!
Question 1.
Find on the globe, the meridians opposite to the ones mentioned below:
90°E, 170°W, 30°E, 20°W
Answer:

• 90°E – 90°W
• 170°W – 10°E
• 30°E – 150°W
• 20°W – 160°E

Think a little!

Question 1.
Which important parallel passes through India?
Answer:
Tropic of Cancer (23° 30′ N)

Question 2.
Which areas do not get perpendicular rays?
Answer:
Areas to the North of Tropic of Cancer (till Jammu and Kashmir).

Question 3.
Which region receives perpendicular ray on two days in a year?
Answer:
The region to the south of Tropic of Cancer (till Kaniyakumari).

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
In what direction should an aeroplane fly in order to cover the shortest distance between Kolkata and Chicago?
Answer:
To cover the shortest distance between Kolkata and Chicago, the aeroplane should move north west via Delhi.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Let us Use the Graticule Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
______ is known as the smallest country in the world.
Answer:
Vatican City

Question 2.
The International Date line is marked with reference to _____ meridian.
Answer:
180°

Question 3.
The Prime Meridian is known as ________.
Answer:
Greenwich Meridian

Question 4.
Global Standard Time is known as ______.
Answer:
Greenwich Mean Time

Question 5.
Variation in the intensity of sunlight leads to regional diversity in ____ and ______.
Answer:
plant, animal life

Question 6.
Different temperature zones give rise to ______ belts.
Answer:
pressure

Question 7.
The 180° meridian lies opposite to the _______.
Answer:
Prime Meridian

Question 8.
The equator as well as all pairs of opposite meridians form ______.
Answer:
Great Circles

Question 9.
Due to the ______ and _______ of sunlight, different temperature zones are formed on the earth.
Answer:
duration, intensity

Question 10.
All places between 23° 30′ north and south of equator receives _______ rays on two days in a year.
Answer:
perpendicular

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

A (Latitudes)	B (Names)
(1)23°30’N	(a) Antarctic Circle
(2) 23°30′ S	(b) Tropic of Capricorn
(3)66°30’N	(c) Tropic of Cancer
(4) 66°30′ S	(d) Arctic Circle
	(e) Great Circle
	(f) Prime Meridian

Answer:
1 – c
2 – b
3 – d
4 – a

Complete the following sentence:

Question 1.
While describing the location of a place, we need to consider _______.
Answer:
only one parallel and one meridian

Question 2.
For describing the extent of a region, we need to consider _________.
Answer:
two parallels and two meridians at the extreme ends of the region

Question 3.
For describing the extent of linear features like a river or road we need to consider ______.
Answer:
the latitudes and longitude of their terminal points

Question 4.
All places between 23°30′ N and S of the ! equator receive perpendicular rays _____.
Answer:
on two days in a year

Question 5.
Depending on the seasons, daytime can be greater than 24 hours in areas between ________.
Answer:
the polar circles and the poles

Question 6.
All places between 23° 30′ N and South of equator ______ rays on two days in a year.
Answer:
receive perpendicular

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are Great Circles used for?
Answer:
Great Circles are used for finding the minimum distance between any two places on the surface of the earth.

Question 2.
Where is Vatican City located?
Answer:
Vatican City is the smallest country in the world located within Italy on the Italian peninsula.

Question 3.
Why is the Prime Meridian considered an important meridian?
Answer:
The prime meridian is an important meridian because its main purpose is to fix the global standard time and co-ordinate the standard times of different countries.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule

Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Place a tick mark (✓) against the correct option:

Question 1.
What term is used for the imaginary east-west horizontal lines on the earth?
(i) Meridians
(ii) International Date Line
(iii) Parallels
Answer:
Parallels

Question 2.
What is the shape of the meridians?
(i) Circular
(ii) Semicircular
(iii) Points
Answer:
Semicircular

Question 3.
What do the parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude together form on the globe?
(i) Angular distance
(ii) Hemisphere
(iii) Graticule
Answer:
Graticule

Question 4.
How many parallels are there in the northern hemisphere?
(i) 90
(ii) 89
(iii) 91
Answer:
90

Question 5.
Which circles form the eastern and western hemispheres?
(i) 0° parallel and 180° meridian
(ii) 0° Prime Meridian and 180° meridian
(iii) North and South Polar circles
Answer:
0° Prime Meridian and 180° meridian

Question 6.
Which circle appears as a point on the globe?
(i) Equator
(ii) North/South Pole
(iii) Prime Meridian
Answer:
North/South Pole

Question 7.
How many places on the earth may be located on 45° N parallel?
(i) One
(ii) Many
(iii) Two
Answer:
Many

B. Observe a globe and examine the following statements. Correct the wrong ones:

Question 1.
Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the Prime Meridian,
Answer:
Wrong: Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the equator.

Question 2.
All parallels of latitude converge at the equator.
Answer:
Wrong: All meridians of longitude converge at the poles.

Question 3.
Parallels and meridians are imaginary lines.
Answer:
Right.

Question 4.
8° 4′ 65″ N is a north meridian.
Answer:
Wrong: 8° 4′ 65″ N is a north parallel.

Question 5.
Meridians are parallel to each other.
Answer:
Wrong: Latitudes are parallel to each other.

C. Find the correct graticule out of the following and put a tick mark against it.

Answer:
Figure (a) is correct.

D. Answer the following:

Question 1.
How will you express the latitude and longitude of the North Pole?
Answer:
The latitude of the North Pole would be 90°N. All the meridians of longitudes pass through the North Pole. So the North pole would be 0° longitude.

Question 2.
How much is the angular distance between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn?
Answer:
The angular distance between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn is 23°30′ + 23°30′ = 47°

Question 3.
Using a globe, write down the names of the countries through which the equator passes.
Answer:
The countries through which the equator passes are Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao tome and Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati.

Question 4.
Write down the main uses of the graticule.
Answer:
Graticules help us to determine the locations on the earth. In the modern age, Geographical Information Systems, Global Positioning System, Google Maps, Wikimapia, Bhuvan of ISRO also make use of graticules.

E. Complete the following table:

Characteristics	Parallels of latitude	Meridians of longitude
Shape
	Size of each parallel is different
Distance		Distance between two meridians is larger on the equator and the same decreases towards the Poles.

Answer:

Characteristics	Parallels of latitude	Meridians of longitude
Shape	Circular	Semicircular
Size	Size of each parallel is different	Size of each meridian is same
Distance	Distance between two parallels is the same everywhere	Distance between two meridians is larger on the equator and the same decreases towards the Poles.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Textbook Questions and Answers

Think a little!

Question 1.
A game of reading the meridians on the world map is going on. Shaheen and Sanket are asking each other to locate places on specific meridians and are making notes of the same. Shaheen asks Sanket to locate Wrangel Island on 180° meridians. Sanket could locate the island in the map but both are confused while making a note of it. They are puzzled whether to write 180° E or 180° W? What would be the precise answer? Please help them. Can we use a similar logic with reference to 0° meridian as well?
Answer:
The 0° and the 180° meridians lie opposite to each other and form a circle around the earth. This circle divides the earth in the eastern and western hemisphere. Shaheen and Sanket can write the Wrangled island to be loacted on 180° meridian.

Do it yourself!

Use figure 1.4 of the geography textbook:

In the upper portion of the circle, at the centre X, draw angles of 30°, V₁ X K₁ and V₂ X K₂; K₁ and K₂ being the points on the circle. Draw an ellipse joining K₁ and K₂.
In the lower half of the circle, mark angles of 60° and name the points on the circle as P₁ and P₂.

Question 1.
Draw an ellipse joining P₁ and P₂.
Answer:

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Is the distance between K₁ K₂ and P₁ P₂ the same?
Answer:
No, the distance between K₁ K₂ and P₁ P₂ are not the same.

Question 2.
Compare the distances XK₁ and XP₂. Are these distances the same or are they different?
Answer:
Yes, the distances are the same.

Question 3.
Now compare the ellipses you have drawn. Which is the larger ellipse? Why?
Answer:
The ellipse through K₁ and K₂ is larger than the ellipse through P₁ and P₂ . This is because the distance between K₁ K₂ is greater than the distance between P₁ P₂.

Observe the picture (fig) on page 5 of the textbook and answer the following questions:

Let the line AM be 0°.
Draw the line MB. Measure the angle it makes with the line AM and write it near B. Note the semicircle that passes through B and joins the North and South Poles. Trace it.
Now join MC. Measure ∠AMC and write it next to C. Draw a semicircle that passes through ‘C’ and joins the North and South Poles.
Draw a line that passes through point A at 0°, and joins the North and South Poles.

Answer:
∠AMB = 70°
∠AMC = 85°

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
How many parallels and meridians can be drawn on a globe at an interval of 10°?
Answer:
19 parallels and 36 meridians can be drawn on a globe at an interval of 10°.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct options from the brackets:

Question 1.
A miniature model of the earth is called a _____.(ball, globe, sphere)
Answer:
globe

Question 2.
The location of any place on the earth is determined with reference to the ______ of the earth. (poles, circle, centre)
Answer:
centre

Question 3.
The _______ is considered as 0° parallel.(equator, poles, circles)
Answer:
equator

Question 4.
The ______ bisects the earth into north and south parts. (poles, equator, circles)
Answer:
equator

Question 5.
One can draw _____ parallels on the earth at the interval of 1°. (90,181,360)
Answer:

Question 6.
The 0° meridian is known as the _____. (Central meridian, Equator, Prime Meridian)
Answer:
Prime Meridian

Question 7.
Each degree is divided into 60 ______.(minutes, hours, seconds)
Answer:
minutes

Question 8.
One can draw _____ meridians each at a distance of 1°. (90,181, 360)
Answer:
360

Question 9.
All meridians are _______ in size.(unequal, equal, uneven)
Answer:
equal

Question 10.
Exact location of a place on the earth can be located using ______.(equator, latitude and longitude, Prime Meridian)
Answer:
latitude and longitude

Question 11.
The distance between any two adjacent parallels is _______ on the surface of the earth. (111 km, 102 km, 44 km)
Answer:
111 km

Question 12.
The parallels and meridians on the globe form a net that is called a ______.(latitude,graticule, longitude)
Answer:
graticule

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Different parallels	Distance between meridians
(1) Poles	(a) 111 km
(2) Tropic of Cancer	(b) 102 km
(3) Polar Circles	(c) 0 km
(4) Equator	(d) 44 km
(5) Meridians	(e) 360
	(f) 1°

Answer:
1 – c
2 – b
3 – d
4 – a
5 – e

Place a tick mark (✓) against the correct option:

Question 1.
Which meridian is considered as the Prime Meridian?
(i) 0°
(ii) 80°
(iii) 90°
Answer:
0°

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are parallels of latitudes?
Answer:
Ellipses that are created at some angular distance from the centre of the earth and are parallel to one another are called parallels of latitudes.

Question 2.
How many parallels are there in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
There are 90 parallels in the northern hemisphere.

Question 3.
Which circle divides the earth in the eastern and western hemisphere?
Answer:
The Prime Meridian divides the earth in the eastern and western hemisphere.

Question 4.
What is the distance between any two adjacent parallels on the surface of the earth?
Answer:
The distance between any two adjacent parallels on the surface of the earth is 111 km.

Question 5.
What is a graticule?
Answer:
The parallels and meridians on the globe form a net that is called a graticule.

Question 6.
What is used to determine the location on the earth?
Answer:
Latitude and longitude is used to determine the location on the earth.

Write the full forms of:

Question 1.
GIS
Answer:
Geographical Information System

Question 2.
GPS
Answer:
Global Positioning System

Question 3.
IRNSS
Answer:
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

Question 4.
ISRO
Answer:
Indian Space Research Organisation

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
Parallels and meridians are imaginary lines on the earth.
Answer:
Parallels and meridians can be drawn on a globe though not on the earth. That is why parallels and meridians are imaginary lines on the earth.

Question 2.
Geographers developed a miniature model of the earth in the form of a globe.
Answer:
Oceanic waters, uneven nature of the land, forest, innumerable islands of different sizes and buildings make it impossible to draw lines on the earth. In order to overcome this difficulty, geographers developed a miniature model of the earth in the form of a globe.

Question 3.
Latitude and longitudes are expressed into degree, minutes and seconds.
Answer:
To locate the places within the distance of 111 km exactly, the unit degree is divided into smaller units. Degrees are divided into minutes and seconds.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Explain the meaning of the term ‘equator’.
Answer:

• The equator is considered as 0° parallel.
• It is the largest parallel and great circle.
• It bisects the earth into two equal hemispheres viz, the northern and southern hemisphere.

Question 2.
What are Poles of the earth?
Answer:
On the globe and also on the earth, at the north and south ends of the earth’s axis, Poles appear as points. These are called the North Pole and the South Pole respectively.

Observe a globe and examine the following statements. Correct the wrong ones:

Question 1.
Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the Prime Meridian,
Answer:
Wrong: Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the equator.

Question 2.
All parallels of latitude converge at the equator.
Answer:
Wrong: All meridians of longitude converge at the poles.

Question 3.
Parallels and meridians are imaginary lines.
Answer:
Right.

Question 4.
80° 4′ 65″ N is a north meridian.
Answer:
Wrong: 80° 4′ 65″ N is a north parallel.

Question 5.
Meridians are parallel to each other.
Answer:
Wrong: Latitudes are parallel to each other.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 3.7 At the Science Fair Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 3.7 At the Science Fair

Class 6 English Chapter 3.7 At the Science Fair Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions:

Question a.
What two basic rules were followed in the Science Fair?
Answer:
The two basic rules to be followed in the Science Fair were:

1. Everything should be handled by students
2. The entertainment booths and refreshment stalls had to have a scientific base.

Question b.
How early did the preparations for the Science Fair begin?
Answer:
The preparations for the Science Fair began a couple of months in advance.

Question c.
How was the committee formed?
Answer:
A committee of parents and teachers was set up to look after all the work of the fair. Some students representative were also taken on the committee to give them a firsthand experience of managing big programmes.

Question d.
What themes did the committee identify?
Answer:
The themes identified by the committee were – Plant, Animals, Properties of Substances, Energy, Science in our Everyday Life, Latest News from the World of Science and Food and Nutrition.

Question e.
How did the students prepare for their stalls/ presentations?
Answer:
Stalls were allotted to many groups of children. Each group selected a topic/idea from the chosen themes. The young scientists began collecting a lot of information about their topic using their science text book, their school library and the internet. They shared and discussed this information in their groups and decided the exact activity for their stall deciding whether they would build and display a model, give a demonstration, present their project through posters or simply exhibit a collection.

Question f.
What did Mr Gizare appreciate the most?
Answer:
Mr Gizare appreciated the fact that in most of the stalls, visitors could try out the various science experiments and models.

Question g.
What did the Clean Brigade do?
Answer:
The Clean Brigade members made rounds of the Fair spreading the message of cleanliness and they had vowed to keep the school premises spick and span during the Fair.

2. Make charts to show the important points to remember while making –

Question a.
A graphic presentation
Answer:
Graphic Presentation:

• Write to the point so that a visitor may read a chart or poster at a glance.
• Make use of bullet points or bulleted lists.
• Use pictures and diagrams and label them.
• Use pictograms, graphs, pie-charts etc. to show numerical data.
• Plan all your posters, charts properly before you start making them.
• Make a rough ‘mini-copy’ before you begin work on the big, final poster or chart.
• Don’t forget to check your spellings, sentences or other errors in the ‘mini-copy’ itself.
• Use different colours to highlight important features, but use them judiciously.
• If you have used any text, pictures, diagrams, etc. from elsewhere, acknowledge the source.

Question b.
An oral presentation
Answer:

Do’s	Don’ts
a. Keep the oral presentation short and to the point	a. Don’t cross the allotted time
b. Be confident	b. Don’t fidget
c. Rehearse the speech well	c. Don’t use ‘umms’ and ‘errs’
d. Relate to the topics exhibited directly	d. Don’t talk irrelevant things
e. Be ready to answer relevant questions	e. Don’t give irrelevant answers
f. Use visuals or graphics	f. Don’t leave the walls of the stalls empty
g. Point to the relevant graphic or visual while speaking	g. Don’t speak without pointing to visuals or graphics
h. Wear clean and tidy clothes	h. Don’t dress up to show off
i. Be polite and pleasant when you talk to visitors	i. Don’t be rude or fast while talking to visitors
j. Say out if you don’t know an answer	j. Don’t talk everything else other than the answer
k. Smile, it makes others feel nice	k. Don’t keep a grumpy face

3. Relate the themes of the fair to your science text book by writing the relevant chapter numbers under each theme.

Question 1.
Relate the themes of the fair to your science text book by writing the relevant chapter numbers under each theme.
Answer:
To be done by students.

4. Find in your science textbook, the topics of the stalls handled by the students of VI A (Write the page number).

Question 1.
Find in your science textbook, the topics of the stalls handled by the students of VI A (Write the page number).
Answer:
To be done by students.

5. What themes would you like to add to the themes given in this passage?

Question 1.
What themes would you like to add to the themes given in this passage?
Answer:

1. Why does honey crystallize?
2. How to make a lemon battery?
3. Build your own telescope.

6. Imagine you are visiting the Science Fair. What other stalls (apart from the ones mentioned here) are you likely to find there? Try to list at least five more stalls.

Question 1.
Imagine you are visiting the Science Fair. What other stalls (apart from the ones mentioned here) are you likely to find there? Try to list at least five more stalls.
Answer:

1. Use of empty aerated bottles as life belts to save from drowning.
2. Manually rotating a wheel to generate electric energy.
3. Replantation of a tree instead of cutting it down.

7. Using your imagination, and information from other sources, describe anyone stall in detail.

Question 1.
Using your imagination, and information from other sources, describe anyone stall in detail.
Answer:
I visited a stall at the Science Fair. The theme of the stall was ‘Energy’, The experiments shown were to produce electricity at home and the method was very simple, but the part of the experiment was that it was so simple that anyone could try it out themselves at the stall.

• The prize winning project was how to make lemon Battery.
• The aim of the experiment was to make Lemon Battery.

The material used were 2 lemons, Copper wires, 2 large paper chips, 2 coins, a digital clock, scissors and a knife.
Besides the Lemon Battery Projects, there were other projects which focussed on the use of Kinetic Energy, Uses of Potential Energy, Electrostatic Energy, Sound, Food adulteration, Mechanical Energy and Fun with Magnets. Also Charts were put up best with bold writing.

8. Choose a ‘question’ through your own observation. Try to follow the scientific method to find the answer to that question. Take the help of your teacher/parents to set up the experiment.

Question 1.
Choose a ‘question’ through your own observation. Try to follow the scientific method to find the answer to that question. Take the help of your teacher/parents to set up the experiment.
Answer:

9. Visit a library: Find and read the biography of your favourite scientist.

Question 1.
Visit a library: Find and read the biography of your favourite scientist.

At the Science Fair Summary in English

Introduction:

Science Fair is an opportunity for students to apply the scientific method to conduct independent research. The result is presented in a schoolwide science fair, where the student’s efforts are displayed, where students are questioned too. Students are helped by teachers and parents. They have to follow guidelines and be thoroughly prepared to answer any questions put across by visitors, regarding their topic.

Glossary:

1. basic (adj) – necessary
2. volunteered (v) – to do or offer to do something
3. allotted (v) – to distribute, to assign
4. themes (n) – an idea
5. graphic (adj) (n) – a drawing or a picture
6. inaugurated (adj) – marking the beginning of a venture
7. adulteration (n) – mixing other matter of inferior quality with food or drink which is to be sold