Class 6

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 The Worth of a Fabric Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 The Worth of a Fabric

Class 6 English Chapter 2.2 The Worth of a Fabric Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Form pairs. Present in the class, the conversation between Thiruvalluvar and the young man.

Question 1.
Form pairs. Present in the class, the conversation between Thiruvalluvar and the young man.

2. Describe the following with the help of the story.

Question 1.
Thiruvalluvar
Answer:
Thiruvalluvar was a great saint-poet who is loved and respected even now. People said . that he never got angry, never used bad words and never shouted at anyone. He was polite, calm and used a quiet tone even in the most infuriating situations.

Question 2.
The rich, young man
Answer:
The rich young man wasted his time by roaming around with his friends, more often than not, making fun of others. He was arrogant to no bounds and decided to test the patience of Thiruvalluvar, which was an unethical thing to do. Despite his egoistical behaviour, he listened to the words of Thiruvalluvar carefully and put them to use, thereby changing his idleness and bad habits.

Question 3.
The fabric woven by Thiruvalluvar
Answer:
The fabric wasn’t made in a day. Many people toiled in order to make it. The farmer who grew cotton in his field worked hard for months through sun and rain. He picked cotton from each boll and gave it for spinning. Then someone else carded the cotton and spun it into long, uniform threads. The threads were dyed carefully so that they took on lovely colours. Thiruvalluvar’s wife and he then wove the threads together, putting in beautiful designs.

3. Read aloud the speech in which Thiruvalluvar explains how the fabric was made. Present the process in the form of a chart. Draw pictures for the churl and label them.

Question 1.
Read aloud the speech in which Thiruvalluvar explains how the fabric was made. Present the process in the form of a chart. Draw pictures for the churl and label them.

4. Classify the words in (a) and (b) into bpositivei and bnegativct words.
a. great, beautiful, arrogant, impatient, quiet, worthless, proud, happy, thoughtless, hasty
b. shouted at, wasted, answered, offered, smilcd, refuscd, toiled, grcw, dyed, rewarded, destroyed.

Question a.
great, beautiful, arrogant, impatient, quiet, worthless, proud, happy, thoughtless, hasty
Answer:

Positive	Negative
great	arrogant
beautiful	impatient
quiet	worthless
happy	thoughtless
answered	hasty
offered	shouted at
smiled	wasted
toiled	refused
grew	destroyed
dyed	proud
rewarded

5. Write the antonyms of the following words:

• politely × ……… .
• calmly × ……… .
• softly × ……………. .
• carefully × …………. .

Question 1.
Write the antonyms of the following words:

• politely × ……… .
• calmly × ……… .
• softly × ……………. .
• carefully × …………. .

Answer:

• politely × rudely
• calmly × violently
• softly × harshly
• carefully × carelessly

6. Find the following adverbs in the story. What verbs do they tell us more about? Write down the pairs of verbs and adverbs.
ago, greatly, today, politely, calmly, hard

Question 1.
Find the following adverbs in the story. What verbs do they tell us more about? Write down the pairs of verbs and adverbs.
Answer:
Verb  –  Adverb

• lived – ago
• loved – greatly
• have – today
• answered – politely
• went – calmly
• worked hard
• spoken – softly
• decided – then and there
• dyed – carefully

7. Use the following phrases in your own words.

Question 1.
Use the following phrases in your own words.
Answer:

• roam around – We roamed around Paris till dusk.
• again and again – We chanted the shlokas again and again.
• bring something back – Each and every student on the tour brought something back home.
• there and then – Lokmanya Tilak decided there and then, that he would not tolerate injustice of any sort.

8. Discuss in groups and think about it.
(a) List a few occasions on which you hod become angry. What do you do when you arc angry?
(b) Mention three occasions on which you have made someone else angry. What made that person angry? Can you avoid such things in future?

9. Choose any one of the objects we use daily and find out how it is made. Present the information in the form of a chart.

Question 1.
Choose any one of the objects we use daily and find out how it is made. Present the information in the form of a chart.

10. Visit a library: Read the biographies of other Indian Saints. Share at least one story from their life with your friends. What message does it contain?

Question 1.
Visit a library: Read the biographies of other Indian Saints. Share at least one story from their life with your friends. What message does it contain?

11. Form groups and display the quotes and messages from different saints in your classroom.

Question 1.
Form groups and display the quotes and messages from different saints in your classroom.

Class 6 English Chapter 2.2 The Worth of a Fabric Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Who was Thiruvalluvar?
Answer:
Thiruvalluvar was a great Tamil saint-poet.

Question 2.
How long ago did Thiruvalluvar live?
Answer:
Thiruvalluvar lived more than two hundred years ago.

Question 3.
What did Thiruvalluvar do for a living?
Answer:
Thiruvalluvar wove beautiful fabrics and saris, and sold them in the market to make his living.

Question 4.
What is Thirukkural?
Answer:
Thirukkural is a book of teachings by the great Tamil saint-poet, Thiruvalluvar.

Question 5.
How did the rich, young man spend his time?
Answer:
The rich, young man wasted most of his time roaming with his friends and making fun of other people.

Question 6.
What was the rich, young man sure about?
Answer:
The rich, young man was sure that he could make Thiruvalluvar angry.

Question 7.
Did the rich, young man succeed in making the saint-poet angry?
Answer:
No, the rich young man did not succeed in making the saint-poet angry.

Question 8.
What change was seen in the rich, young man after the saint-poet spoke to him?
Answer:
The rich, young man felt ashamed of himself after the saint-poet spoke to him and he decided there and then to give up his idleness and bad habits.

Reading Skills, Grammar and Vocabulary

Read the extract and do the activities.

Question 1.
Complete the sentence.
Answer:
a. Cotton was carded and spun into long uniform threads.
b. The farmer work hard for months through sun and rains.

Question 2.
What did the farmer grow in his field? How did he work?
Answer:
The farmer grew cotton in his field. He worked hard for months through rain and sun.

Question 3.
What did the farmer do with the cotton?
Answer:
The farmer picked the cotton from each boll and gave it for spinning.

Question 4.
How did the plain cotton transform into colourful threads?
Answer:
People carded the cotton and spun it into long, uniform threads. These threads were dyed carefully so that they took on lovely colours.

Question 5.
a. Give the noun forms of:
happy – happiness
know – knowledge
b. Give the adverb forms of:
careful – carefully
happy – happily
c. Pick out a word from the extract which means “pod of the cotton plant”.
Answer:
boll

Question 6.
State the part of speech of:
Answer:

1. hard – adverb
2. lovely – adjective
3. grew – verb
4. and – conjunction
5. he – pronoun
6. through – preposition

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Add prefix to the given words:
Answer:

• loved – unloved
• respected – disrespected
• sold – unsold
• agitated – unagitated

Question 2.
Pick out words from the lesson which are a combination of two meaningful words e.g.: worthless (worth and less)
Answer:
anyone, someone, himself, thoughtless

Question 3.
The softly spoken words touched the young man’s heart. (Name the word class of the underlined word.)
Answer:
softly – Adverb

Question 4.
Why doesn’t the man get angry? (Name the kind of sentence.)
Answer:
Interrogative sentence

Question 5.
My wife and I wove the threads together. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject – My wife and I
Predicate – wove the threads together.

Question 6.
The fabric was reduced to rags. (Name the kind of verb)
Answer:
was reduced – Transitive verb

Question 7.
Pick out verb and state its tense.

Question a.
Many people have toiled to make it.
Answer:
have toiled – Present perfect tense

Question b.
Convert the sentence into Future perfect tense.
Answer:
Many people will have toiled to make it.

Question 8.
Rewrite the given sentence without the negative. (Money cannot bring it back.)
Answer:
Money is unable to bring it back.

Question 9.
Rewrite the above sentence beginning with ‘It cannot be ‘
Answer:
It cannot be brought back by money.

Question 10.
He picked cotton each boll. (Fill in the blanks with a preposition.)
Answer:
from.

Writing Skills

Quotes and quotations:

Question 1.
As soon as the fear approaches near, attack and destroy it.
Answer:
– Chanakya, 350 BC

Question 2.
Love does not grow on trees or bought in the market, but if one wants to be ‘LOVED’, one must know how to give unconditional love.
Answer:
– Kabir

Question 3.
As long as I live, so long do I learn.
Answer:
– Ramakrishna Paramahamsa

Question 4.
Different creeds are but different paths to reach the same God.
Answer:
– Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (Activity for students to find out some more)

Flowchart:

Question 1.
Read the passage and prepare a flow chart for the same.
Answer:

The Worth of a Fabric Summary in English

The story “The Worth of a Fabric” is written by the great Tamil saint-poet who lived around 2000 years ago. Thiruvalluvar, in this story eventually explains to a young man, the importance of hard work. He also explains that tardiness and ignorance can prevent a person from living his life to the fullest, thereby rendering it useless. The story also tells us that one should be calm in all situations. It helps you to choose the right path in all situations.

Introduction:

Thiruvalluvar is a celebrated Tamil poet and philosopher. The Tamil poet, Mamulanar of the Sangam period mentioned that he was the greatest scholar in the Nanda Dynasty of the north which ruled till the 4th century. His book of teachings ‘Thirukkural’ is considered to provide a guide for human morals and betterment in life.

Glossary:

1. boll (n) – pad of the cotton plant
2. spinning (v) – process of making yam or thread out of cotton
3. carded (v) – cleaned, combed cotton to remove seeds
4. spun (v) – drew out twisted cotton (to make yam or thread)
5. arrogant (adj) – having excessive pride in oneself
6. agitated (adj) – angry annoyed
7. rag (n) – a piece of old cloth
8. taken aback (phrase) – taken by surprise

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.3 Mr Nobody Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.3 Mr Nobody

Class 6 English Chapter 4.3 Mr Nobody Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud.

Question 1.
Read the poem aloud.

2. Complete the following chart of personal pronouns using words from the brackets.

Question 1.
Complete the following chart of personal pronouns using words from the brackets:
(him, our, we, he, her, their, it, me, your).

Which of the above pronouns do you use when you talk about yourself?
Answer:
I, my, me, us, our, ours

Question 2.
Suppose you are telling someone about the good/bad things they have done. What pronouns are you likely to use?
Answer:
you, your, yours

Question 3.
Suppose you are complaining about one or more persons, things to your teacher/mother. What pronouns will you use?
Answer:
he, she, they, him, her, them, his, here, their’s.

3. Write all the instances of the mischief done by Mr Nobody.

Question 1.
Write all the instances of the mischief done by Mr Nobody.
Answer:

1. Mr Nobody breaks plates by causing cracks in them.
2. He tears books.
3. He leaves the door ajar.
4. He pulls the buttons from our shirts.
5. He scatters the pins afar.
6. He does not oil the door and leaves it squeaking.
7. He leaves finger marks upon the door, as he does not keep his hands clean.
8. He spills the ink.
9. He leaves the boots lying around here and there, without putting them in place.

4. What characteristics of Mr Nobody do we learn about from this poem?

Question 1.
What characteristics of Mr Nobody do we learn about from this poem?
Answer:
Mr Nobody seems to be a very mischievous, playful and irresponsible person. He does not handle things with care as he breaks plates. He behaves in a very careless manner by leaving the door ajar. He seems to be very insensitive to others’ problems because he pulls out buttons from shirts and scatters pins.

5. Imagine that there is a Mr Somebody who has to correct all the wrongs that are done by Mr Nobody.

Question 1.
Write in the following table, what Mr Somebody will have to do.

A few more things to the list in the above table, using your own ideas and experience.
Answer:

Mr Nobody’s Actions	Tasks for Mr Somebody
1. The plate is broken/cracked.	Mend the plate./Throw it away carefully.
2. The book is torn.	Mend the book by either sticking a cello tape or any adhesive that is suitable.
3. The door is ajar.	Shut the door properly.
4. The buttons are pulled from the shirt.	Tuck the buttons on the shirt.
5. The pins are scattered.	Gather all the pins, put them in a container and keep them safely in an appropriate place.
6. The door is still squeaking.	Oil the door to prevent it from squeaking.
7. There are finger marks upon the door.	Wipe and clean the finger marks on the door.
8. The ink has spilled over.	Clean and wipe the spilled ink.
9. Boots are lying around.	Arrange the shoes in pairs and put them on the shoe rack neatly.
10. Expensive clothes are scattered.	Gather the clothes and put them in the laundry basket (to be put for washing).
11. Dirty plates on the table	Pick up the plates and glasses and place them in the sink for washing.
12. Leave the comb without cleaning.	Remove the hair from the comb, wipe neatly and keep it in the comb stand.

6. Write about one occasion each when you have behaved like:

Question 1.
Write about one occasion each when you have behaved like:
Answer:
a. Mr Nobody: I took out the thermometer for checking my temperature as I suspected that I was running fever. After checking my body temperature, I kept the thermometer on my bed next to me. My mother who came in to check if I was not keeping too well, sat on it. The thermometer not only broke but also hurt her on her palm.

b. Mr Somebody: My dad came home in a hurry from the bank and was leaving for office. In haste, he forgot his mobile. I spotted it as soon as he left. So, I took and went behind him to give it to him so that he would not miss out on any of his urgent business calls.

7. Listen and complete.

Question 1.
Close your books. The teacher will dictate some lines from the poem. She will say the first half and you have to write the entire line/verse.
(a) I know a funny …….. ………. .
As quite as a ………..
Who does the mischief that is done
………… ………… ………..!

(b) There’s no one ever sees his face,
And yet we all ………….
That every plate we break was ………….
By ………… …………

8. Use the following expressions in your own sentences.

Question a.
We all agree that ……………..
Answer:
We all agree that we should plant at least one tree each year and nurture it to save our environment.

Question b.
It is he/she who …………..
Answer:
It is he/she who helped the blind old lady to cross the road in spite of being in a hurry to reach school.

Question c.
Don’t you see …………….
Answer:
Don’t you see that all lot of effort and hard work has to be put in order to succeed?

Question d.
None of us…
Answer:
None of us ever thought about such an interesting and brilliant idea.

Class 6 English Chapter 4.3 Mr Nobody Additional Important Questions and Answers

Reading Skills and Poetic Device.

Question 1.
Give the description of the man – Mr Nobody.
Answer:
Mr. Nobody is a funny little mischievous man who is as quiet as a mouse.

Question 2.
What does Mr Nobody do?
Answer:
Mr. Nobody does all the mischief that is done in everybody’s house, without being visible to anyone.

Question 3.
What is the fact that all agree about Mr Nobody?
Answer:
All of us agree to it that every plate that we break was cracked by Mr Nobody.

Question 4.
What mischief does Mr Nobody do with books and the door?
Answer:
Mr Nobody always tears out books and leaves the door ajar (slightly open).

Question 5.
What are the things done to our shirts and pins by Mr Nobody?
Answer:
Mr Nobody pulls the buttons from our shirts and scatters the pins far and wide.

Question 6.
What work do we leave undone, to be done by Mr Nobody?
Answer:
We leave the work of oiling the door to be done by Mr. Nobody.

Question 7.
Why is oiling required for the door?
Answer:
Oiling has to be done to the door because it is making the squeaking noise, while opening and closing.

Read the extract and answer the questions given below.

Question 1.
What are the things that we mess up with but blame them as belonging to Mr Nobody? Why?
Answer:
The finger marks on the door, the unclosed blinds that make the curtains fade, the spilled ink, the boots lying around – all these things belong to us, but to avoid being blamed by the others as being irresponsible.

Question 2.
What do we do to the door and not agree that we have done?
Answer:
We leave our finger marks upon the door because our hands are not clean. But we do not agree that we have done so.

Question 3.
How do we make the curtains fade?
Answer:
We never keep the blinds of the windows closed. The sunlight falls on the curtains inside and makes the curtains lose their bright colour. So, the curtains have a faded look.

Question 4.
What happens to the ink and boots sometimes?
Answer:
We spill the ink and allow the boots to be kept in an unorganized manner. The boots are not kept on the shoe rack.

Mr. Nobody Summary in English

The poet begins by stating that there is a funny little person in every house, who does all the mischief very quietly. No one can see this person’s face because he does not let himself become visible as he does everything wrong. Yet, all of us do agree that every plate that was found cracked (mischief done) was done so by Mr. Nobody.

Mr. Nobody is the one who always damages books by tearing them. He leaves the door slightly open without closing it properly. Mr. Nobody also pulls away the buttons from our shirts making them unfit for wearing. He scatters the pins here and there and afar, and makes them invisible to everyone and dangerous too. We let the squeaking door squeak and do not bother to oil it because we leave the work of oiling to be done by Mr. Nobody. We do not want to take pains to do anything responsibly.

We never leave finger marks upon the door. If at all they are there, they are made by none of us. If the blinds are left unclosed, then the curtains start fading. Even if they remain unclosed, we are never to be blamed as we never leave them unclosed. We never spill the ink for all this is done by Mr. Nobody. The books that are lying around are not ours. They belong to Mr. Nobody.

Introduction:

‘Mr. Nobody’ is a poem whose poet is unknown. The poem deals with many things that we never bother about and leave carelessly. This attitude of living very lackadaisical about many everyday things and chores is brought to our notice. The poet also feels that instead of living negligently, we should introspect and exhibit a more responsible behaviour.

Glossary:

1. mischief – troublesome and playful behaviour
2. cracked – broken glitch
3. ajar – slightly open
4. scatters (adv) – throws about and strews
5. afar (adv) – at or to a distance
6. prithee – please (used to convey a polite request) old English of ‘I pray thee’
7. blinds – screens for a window
8. fade – lose colour, freshness or strength gradually.
9. spill – cause to fall or run out of a container

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 The Clothesline Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 The Clothesline

Class 6 English Chapter 2.1 The Clothesline Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud. Recite any stanza of your choice from memory.

Question 1.
Read the poem aloud. Recite any stanza of your choice from memory.

2. Answer the following questions with reference to the poem.

Question a.
What is described in the poem?
Answer:
The poetess Charlotte Druitt Cole describes the clothes on the clothesline swaying in the wind, waiting to be free.

Question b.
What are the clothes compared to? Give two examples.
Answer:
The clothes are compared to white snow, restive horses, fairy-tale witches, a bird and a sail.

Question c.
What do restive horses do?
Answer:
Restive horses are unable to remain still; dance in a lively, playful manner and walk or move with high springy steps.
OR
Restive horses caper and prance

Question d.
What do fairy-tale witches do?
Answer:
Fairy-tale, witches dance wildly in a very hard and violent manner.

Question e.
What did one of the fluttering creatures do?
Answer:
One of the fluttering creatures freed herself from the clutches of the pegs, and soared high into the air like a bird and made it difficult for anyone to find her.

Question f.
What could have happened to the one who flew away? Who was she?
Answer:
The one who flew away happened to be the poetess’ handkerchief. She could be hidden somewhere in a ditch or drowned in the sea.

3. Form groups and discuss the following questions:

Question a.
Why are clothes compared to living things?
Answer:
The clothes are compared to living things, as they feel they need to be free from any kind of bondage just like living things.

Question b.
The events described in the poem take place at a certain place, at a certain period of the year, under specific weather conditions. Describe the place, the time and the weather conditions.
Answer:
The events described may be taking place in the backyard of a household, during the spring season, whilst the warm air in the afternoon makes the weather seem warmer than usual.

4. When we say that two or more words rhyme, we mean that they end with the same sound or syllable. For example, ‘ring – sing’. Rhyming words are often used in the verse at the end of the lines. List the rhyming words from the poem. Note the words ‘behind’ and ‘wind’. They have similar spellings, that is they look the same. But they are pronounced differently, that is, they do not ‘sound’ the same. This is known as ‘eye rhyme’. Separate the examples of eye rhymes from the following list.
Answer:

Rhyming Words	Eye Rhyme words
cry- try	none – shone
stronger – longer	shut – put
laughter – daughter	imply – simply
won – done
known – grown
beat – feat

5. List all the phrases from the poem in which two or more words are joined with ‘and’.

Question 1.
List all the phrases from the poem in which two or more words are joined with ‘and’.
Answer:

1. hither and thither
2. caper and prance
3. shiver and skip
4. flipping and flapping and flopping

6. Form groups and discuss what must have happened to the handkerchief. Write the story in your own words.

Question 1.
Form groups and discuss what must have happened to the handkerchief. Write the story in your own words.
Answer:
Wash your handkerchief clean. Hang it with a peg to dry in the wind. Watch how it flutters.

7. Wash your handkerchief clean. Hang it with a peg to dry in the wind. Watch how it flutters.

Question 1.
Wash your handkerchief clean. Hang it with a peg to dry in the wind. Watch how it flutters.

8. Complete the following comparisons.
as white us ………………….
as green as ………………….
us red as ………………….
as blue as ………………….
us black as ………………….
as bright as ………………….

Question a.
Rewrite these comparisons using the comparative degree.
Example: Whiter than snow
Answer:

• Bluer than sky
• Blacker than coal.
• Redder than blood.

Question b.
Find suitable objects for each comparison.
Example: Petals or flowers or feathers whiter than snow.
Answer:

• Ocean or eyes bluer than sky.
• Leaves or moss greener than grass.
• Crow or night blacker than coal.
• Sapphire or rose redder than blood.
• Stars or light brighter than sun.

Class 6 English Chapter 2.1 The Clothesline Additional Important Questions and Answers

Reading Skills and Poetic Device

Read the following extract and answer the questions given below.

Question 1.
How do the clothes on the clothesline dance?
Answer:
The clothes on the clothesline dance hand-in-hand in a row, hither and thither, and to and fro.

Question 2.
How do they go?
Answer:
They go flipping, flopping and flapping away.

Question 3.
What are the clothes on the clothesline compared to?
Answer:
The clothes on the clothesline are compared to fluttering creatures that are as white as snow.

Question 4.
What do they do in the merry March wind?
Answer:
The clothes on the clothesline shiver and skip in the merry March wind.

Question 5.
Pick out the rhyming words from the 1st stanza.
Answer:
The rhyming words are ‘row-fro-go-snow’.

Question 6.
Pick out the eye rhyme pair from the 2nd stanza.
Answer:
The pair of eye rhyme in the 2nd stanza is ‘behind-wind’.

Read the following extract and answer the questions given below.

Question 1.
How was she struggling? Why?
Answer:
She was struggling wildly to be free.

Question 2.
Whom did she leave behind?
Answer:
She left pegs and clothesline behind.

Question 3.
How did she fly?
Answer:
She flew like a bird.

Question 4.
What did she gleam like?
Answer:
She gleamed like a sail in the sun.

Question 5.
What was she doing for fun?
Answer:
She was flipping and flopping and flapping for fun.

Question 6.
Where could she now be?
Answer:
She could now be hidden in a ditch or drowned in the sea.

Question 7.
What does the poetess know?
Answer:
The poetess knows for a fact that her handkerchief won’t ever come back to her pocket.

Question 8.
Pick out the rhyming words from the 2nd stanza.
Answer:
The rhyming words are : sun – fun; be – sea.

The Clothesline Summary in English

Paraphrase:

The white clothes that are hung on the clotheslines seem to be dancing in a carefree manner. The clothes’ movements resemble restless horses and their dance reminds the poetess of the wild dance of witches in fairy tales when they dance in the March wind. The poet claims to have seen her handkerchief struggling to be free of the pegs, thereby freeing herself and flying out of reach, like a bird.

The poetess saw her handkerchief flying away merrily. The handkerchief could now be somewhere hiding in a ditch or drowned in the sea. The poetess feels sad about the handkerchief leaving her, knowing very well that she won’t return.

Introduction:

The poetess Charlotte Druitt speaks about the clothes, flapping and blowing on the clothesline on a windy day. She mentions about her handkerchief which left the pegs, gleaming like a sail in the sun and no one could find her.

Glossary:

1. ditch – a trench
2. gleam – a small shaft, stream of light
3. sail – a piece of cloth attached to the mast of a boat to catch the wind and propel it.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 1.7 Param Vir Chakra: Our Heroes Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 1.7 Param Vir Chakra: Our Heroes

Class 6 English Chapter 1.7 Param Vir Chakra: Our Heroes Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the passage and answer the following questions:

Question a.
What is ‘Param Vir Chakra’?
Answer:
Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest military decoration awarded for the most conspicuous bravery of some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice by our brave soilders, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air.

Question b.
What is seen on the obverse and reverse of the PVC medal?
Answer:
On the obverse, it has the Indian National Emblem at the centre, surrounded by four replicas of ‘Indra’s Vajra’. On the reverse, the words Param Vir Chakra are engraved in Hindi and English with two lotus flowers in between them.

Question c.
Who designed the PVC medal?
Answer:
The Param Vir Chakra medal was designed by Savitribai Khanolkar.

Question d.
What makes Indra’s Vajra or thunderbolt invincible?
Answer:
The Indra’s Vajra or thunderbolt was fashioned from the bones of Sage Dadhichi, and the supreme sacrifice of the Sage makes the weapon invincible.

2. Write the story of Sage Dadhichi’s sacrifice in your own words.

Question 1.
Write the story of Sage Dadhichi’s sacrifice in your own words.
Answer:
Many, many years ago, a demon set out on a mission: stealing all the water in the world! The consequence was very serious. Innocent people suffered and lost their lives. They had no water to quench their thirst. Defeating this demon with an ordinary weapon was not possible.

An extraordinary weapon was required. Sage Dadhichi whose bone had extraordinary power was the only person who could save the people from the clutches of the demon. But how could anyone ask a man for his bones?

A noble man that Sage Dadhichi was, he himself sacrificed his life and gave his own bones to help the people. Using the bones of Sage Dadhichi, Indra’s weapon of thunderbolt was designed, and this matchless weapon helped Indra to defeat the demon. Through Sage Dadhichi’s sacrifice, we learn the value of selflessness and the significance of sacrificing our own life for the larger good.

3. Read aloud the account of how Flying Officer Nirmal iii Singh Sekhon sacrificed his life lo defend our country.

Question 1.
Read aloud the account of how Flying Officer Nirmal iii Singh Sekhon sacrificed his life lo defend our country.
Answer:

1. Sending them sweets on festive occasions.
2. Collecting funds and contributing it towards various initiatives organised by soldiers.
3. Visiting them and organising cultural programmes for them.
4. Writing letters to them and expressing our gratitude to them for giving us a sense of security.
5. Inviting them to the school on occasions like Independence Day, Republic Day etc., and deriving inspiration from their words of wisdom.

4. Find more information about other Param Vir Chakra awardees. Prepare a collage using photographs, pictures and text matter written In beautiful handwriting.

Question 1.
Find more information about other Param Vir Chakra awardees. Prepare a collage using photographs, pictures and text matter written In beautiful handwriting.

5. Find more information about the Indian Armed Forces: The Army, the Navy and the Air Force.

Question 1.
Find more information about the Indian Armed Forces: The Army, the Navy and the Air Force.
Answer:
The Indian Armed Forces: the Army, the Navy and the Air Force are the military forces of our country. They are supported by paramilitary organisations.
Indian Air Force is the air arm of the IAF. The highest rank is Air Marshal.
Indian Army is the land based branch commanded by a 4 star General or the Chief of Army Staff.
Indian Navy is the naval branch. The chief of Naval staff is a 4 star officer in the rank of Admiral.

Rank of Air Force Officers
Marshal → Air Chief Marshal
Air Vice – Marshal → Air Commodore
Group Captain → Wing Commander
Squadron Leader → Flight Lieutenent Flying Officer

6. What can you do to show your love, respect and support to the soldiers who fight for the country? Discuss this in the classroom. For example, you can send greeting cards to them on various occasions, with the help of your teacher.

Sometimes, we use two or three adjectives together to describe a noun. In such cases, the order in which adjectives are used depends on the meaning. The adjectives that express/show your opinion about something are usually put first. The other adjectives are normally put in the following order:
size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, use or purpose.
Examples:

• a nice little basket
• a brave young woman.
• a big red, plastic bag.
• a noisy, old, drilling machine

Class 6 English Chapter 1.7 Param Vir Chakra: Our Heroes Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
How are the brave deeds of our brave soldiers honoured?
Answer:
The brave deeds of our brave soldiers are honoured by bestowing military decorations on them.

Question 2.
Which is India’s highest military decorations?
Answer:
The Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest military decoration.

Question 3.
Why is the Param Vir Chakra awarded?
Answer:
The Param Vir Chakra is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.

Question 4.
Where does the Indian Military derive its inspiration from?
Answer:
The Indian Military derives its strength and inspiration from the sacrifice of the bravest of the brave – The Param Vir Chakra holders.

Complete the fact file on: The Param Vir Chakra

1. Name of the : The Param Vir Chakra medal
2. Name of the : Savitribai Khanolkar designer:
3. Description : Made of bronze, fitted with swivel mounting and has a plain purple ribbon.
4. Obverse of the : Has the Indian National PVC medal Emblem at the centre surrounded by four replicas of iridra’s Vajra.’
5. Reverse of the : The words ‘Param Vir PVC Medal Chakra’ are engraved in Hindi and English, with two lotus flowers between them.

Reading Skills, Grammar and Vocabulary

Read the following extract and complete the activities that follow.

Pre-reading Activity

Question 1.
Complete the following web diagram.
Answer:

Question 2.
Which martyr is paid tribute to in this extract?
Answer:
Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon is the martyr who is paid tribute to in this extract.

Question 3.
What happened on the 14th of December, 1971?
Answer:
On the 14th of December, 1971, Srinagar Airfield was attacked by a wave of six enemy Sabre aircraft.

Question 4.
What problem did Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon encounter?
Answer:
Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon who was on readiness duty could not take off immediately because of the clouds of dust raised by another aircraft.

Question 5.
Give a brief account of the act of valour displayed by Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon.
Answer:
Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon took off in his Gnat fighter the moment he could. He began to combat the powerful Sabre jet aircraft of the enemy. He damaged two of them. His fight with the attacking aircraft then continued at tree-top height. At last, the enemy aircraft fled from the scene of battle. The airfield and the town of Srinagar were saved.

Question 6.
How did Flying Officer Sekhon lose his life?
Answer:
Even though Flying Officer Sekhon succeeded in forcing the enemy aircraft to retreat, and the airfield and town of Srinagar were saved, unfortunately Flying Officer Skehon’s aircraft too crashed, and he lost his life.

Question 7.
Which qualities did Flying Officer Sekhon display?
Answer:
Flying Officer Sekhon displayed great flying skill and determination in the face of certain death. He also showed unmatched heroism above and beyond the call of duty.

Question 8.
He damaged two of them. (Change the voice.)
Answer:
Two of them were damaged by him.

Question 9.
Circle the odd word: plain purple ribbon (power)
Answer:
power

Question 10.
How has the account of bravery displayed by Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon inspired you? Write in detail.
Answer:
The bravery displayed by Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon has inspired me to give my best for my nation’s safety and security. It has aroused the value of patriotism in me and I am also willing to make the highest sacrifice for my motherland.

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Their brave deeds are honoured by bestowing military decorations on them. (Pick out the adjectives.)
Answer:
Adjectives – brave, military

Question 2.
Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest military decoration. (Change the degree of comparison.)
Answer:
No other military decoration in India is as high as Param Vir Chakra.

Question 3.
The Param Vir Chakra is a very rare honour. (Make it exclamatory.)
Answer:
What a rare honour the Param Vir Chakra is!

Question 4.
Fourteen of these awards were given posthumously. (Pick out the adverb.)
Answer:
Adverb – posthumously

Question 5.
Something extraordinary was required. (Form a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
What was required?

Question 6.
Innocent people were suffering and dying without water. (Use not only… but also.)
Answer:
Innocent people were not only suffering but also dying without water.

Question 7.
Sage Dadhichi was a noble person. (Make it Interrogative).
Answer:
Wasn’t Sage Dadhichi a noble person?

Question 8.
The airfield and the town of Srinagar were saved. (Separate the Subject and Predicate.)
Answer:
Subject: The airfield and the town of Srinagar Predicate: were saved.

Question 9.
The medal itself is very simple in appearance. (Pick out the naming word.)
Answer:
Naming word – medal

Question 10.
Savitribai loved India and took Indian citizenship. (Pick out two proper nouns.)
Answer:
Savitribai, India

Give the antonyms of:

1. past × present
2. presence × absence
3. strength × weakness
4. clear × unclear
5. powerful × weak
6. certain × uncertain

Make sentences using the following phrases.

1. to take off: The flight took off before he arrived at the airport.
2. to attack: The enemy attacked the kingdom and took everyone by surprise.
3. to show unmatched heroism: The soldier displayed unmatched heroism before sacrificing his life for his motherland.

Use two or three adjectives together to describe a noun.
Answer:

• A sweet, little girl.
• A courageous, brave soldier.
• A fragrant, red rose.
• A long, pink gown.
• A small, green parrot.
• An old, pleasant, cheerful man.
• A kind, compassionate, helpful lady.

Do you know!

1. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.
2. The Indian Armed Forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence, the Government of India.
3. More than 1.3 million personnel are working in the Indian Armed Forces.
4. The Indian Armed Forces have been engaged in various military operations.
5. December 7 is observed as Armed Forces Flag Day

Param Vir Chakra: Our Heroes Summary in English

The author begins by narrating the sacrifice of Sage Dadhichi who laid down his life and gave his own bones for the larger good. He did this to help the people from a demon who had stolen all the water in the world. Indra’s Vajra – Indra’s weapon of thunderbolt was fashioned from Sage Dadhichi’s bones and the demon was defeated.

According to him, just as Indra’s Vajra derived power from sage Dadhichi’s bones, the Indian military derives its strength and power from the sacrifice of the bravest of the brave – the Param Vir Chakra holders.

The lesson goes on to describe the Param Vir Chakra medal. It also provides us a list of 21 bravest of the brave i.e., Param Vir. The lesson also provides information about the bravery and sacrifice made by selfless patriot Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, a Param Vir. Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon sacrificed his life to save an airfield and town of Srinagar from the enemy. Let us derive inspiration from our brave, selfless soldiers and be willing to make the final sacrifice for our country, our motherland, India.

Introduction:

We live in our country with a sense of security because our brave soldiers, even at the cost of their lives are guarding us with their presence on land, at sea or in the air. Their extraordinary acts of bravery are recognised by bestowing military decorations on them. The highest military decoration is the Param Vir Chakra. This lesson tells us more about Param Vir Chakra.

Glossary:

1. legendary (adj) – very famous and admired
2. extraordinary (adj) – very special
3. bestowing (v) – presenting
4. military (n) – soldiers of all armed forces
5. conspicuous (adj) – outstanding, easily attracting attention
6. pre-eminent (adj) – outstanding
7. valour (n) – bravery
8. self-sacrifice (n) – giving up one’s life for a cause
9. posthumously (adv) – after a person’s death
10. matchless (adj) – something which cannot be equaled
11. invincible (adj) – unconquerable
12. noble (adj) – morally good
13. thunderbolts (n) – a flash of lightning with a clap of thunder that strikes at something
14. derives (v) – obtains
15. inspiring (v) – motivating
16. aircraft (n) – a machine used to fly in air

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 If I Can Stop One Heart From Breaking … Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 If I Can Stop One Heart From Breaking …

Class 6 English Chapter 4.5 If I Can Stop One Heart From Breaking … Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What does the poet want to do?

Question 1.
What does the poet want to do?
Answer:
The poet wants to stop a heart from breaking, i.e., help a person from becoming sad and help a fainting robin back into his nest again.

Question 2.
Does the poet expect anything in return? What is the poet’s reward?
Answer:
No, the poet does not expect anything in return. The poet believes that through these acts, he can add meaning to his life and therein lies his reward.

Question 3.
List the phrases that indicate sorrow or pain.
Answer:
a. stop one heart from breaking;
b. ease one life the aching

Question 4.
Form groups of five and discuss. There are many things that seem small, minor or insignificant to some people but the same may be the cause of great pain, suffering for others.
Can you list such things? What can you do to provide help on these occasions? What do we do?
Answer:

1. Some people may not give a lot of importance to money while there are others who are dying due to hunger and starvation. They are so poor that they cannot afford their basic needs,
2. We should help organize food for the poor and the needy. We can request NGOs to help them.
3. Some people leave the taps open and wastewater while there are thousands who are deprived of drinking water. We should create awareness about the need to save water and ensure that we do all we can to help people overcome water scarcity.
4. Many people visit restaurants and waste food. They do it at home too, At the same time, there are so many people who sometimes starve to death.
5. We can request hotels and restaurants to donate a part of whatever they prepare each day to those in need. (Students may add their ideas to the list)

Class 6 English Chapter 4.5 If I Can Stop One Heart From Breaking … Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is the message conveyed through this poem?
Answer:
The message conveyed through this poem is that we should do all we can to reduce the pain and suffering of human beings and other creatures of nature.

Reading and Poetic Device.

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram.
Answer:

Question 2.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is that by showing kindness to man and other creatures of nature like a bird, we will be making our life purposeful and meaningful.

Question 3.
Name two values highlighted in the poem.
Answer:
The two values highlighted in the poem are compassion and kindness.

Question 4.
Explain the lines: ‘If I can ease one life the aching, I shall not live in vain’.
Answer:
Through the above lines, the poetess is conveying the message that if she can reduce the pain and suffering of anyone in this world, her life will acquire meaning. It will be a purposeful life, well-lived.

Question 5.
Pick out proof to show that the poetess doesn’t want to reserve her care and compassion to human beings alone.
Answer:
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain

Question 6.
Complete the following:
If I can stop one heart from breaking
Answer:
I shall not live in vain.

Question 7.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:
a. breaking – aching;
b. pain – again

Question 8.
Name the rhyme scheme used in the first four lines of the poem.
Answer:
ababcbb

Question 9.
Pick out an archaic (old usage) word from the poem.
Answer:
unto

Question 10.
How will you make your life worthwhile?
Answer:
I believe: ‘It is blessed to give than to receive’. I will make my life worthwhile by caring for my fellow beings. I will also strive towards conservation, preservation and protection of the environment.

Language Study.

Question 1.
Pick out naming words from the poem, (any 4)
Answer:

Question 2.
Pick out action words from the poem (any 4)
Answer:

Question 3.
Write one word with the same sound.
Answer:
(a) one – won (b) pain – pane.

Writing Skills.

Question 1.
Write an essay on: ‘Service to Humanity is Service to God’
Answer:
Woodrow Wilson has rightly said, “There is no higher religion than human service.” To work for the common good is the greatest creed.”

Our life acquires meaning only when we commit it towards the service of others. Love, care, compassion, kindness, empathy, sympathy, etc., are some of the vital values which will help us to reach out to those in need or to those in distress. There are several social workers who have committed their life in service of others. Whether it is Mother Teresa, Baba Amte, or Sant Cadge Maharaj, one thing they had in common was the unconditional love they had for their fellow beings.

We can make a world of difference by joining NGOs or participating in our school’s initiatives towards social work. Visiting home for the aged and spending time with the elderly, distributing gifts to the children in orphanages on our birthday, etc., are little acts of kindness which can make a big difference.

Let us remember the words of Mahatma Gandhi: “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others”. With a heart filled with generosity, with words that are kind and through acts of selflessness, let us build a world where love and happiness reign supreme.

Quote of the Day.

Use your voice for kindness

1. your care for compassion
2. your hands for charity
3. your mind for truth
4. your heart for love

If I Can Stop One Heart From Breaking … Summary in English

Emily Dickinson in her poem conveys the message that we should do whatever we can to make the life of those around us happier.
Little acts of care, compassion, concern and love can make a world of difference. Paraphrase:
The poet also advises us to be compassionate not only to human beings but also to the animals. We should do all we can to reduce pain and suffering.

Introduction:

A beautiful poem which highlights the importance of reaching out to humans and other creatures of nature thus making a world of difference to them.

Glossary:

1. stop heart from breaking – to help a person
2. live in vain – live without purpose
3. ease one life the aching – reduce sorrow in someone’s life
4. cool one pain – reduce the pain, give relief from becoming sad
5. unto – to (archaic use)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.4 Anak Krakatoa Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.4 Anak Krakatoa

Class 6 English Chapter 2.4 Anak Krakatoa Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Draw a diagram to show a volcanic eruption from its description given in this passage. Label the diagram. Show the following in it: Volcano; earth’s crust; crack in the earth’s crust; hot molten rock; red, hot lava; smoke; ash; burning chunks of rock.

Question 1.
Draw a diagram to show a volcanic eruption from its description given in this passage. Label the diagram. Show the following in it: Volcano; earth’s crust; crack in the earth’s crust; hot molten rock; red, hot lava; smoke; ash; burning chunks of rock.
Answer:

2. Show the three categories of volcanoes using the following tree diagram structure.

Write a very short description of each category below the box.

Question 1.
Show the three categories of volcanoes using the following tree diagram structure.

Write a very short description of each category below the box.
Answer:

3. Show the stages in the process in which Krakatoa collapsed and then Anak Krakatoa formed in the course of volcanic eruptions. Use the flowchart given below.

Question 1.
Show the stages in the process in which Krakatoa collapsed and then Anak Krakatoa formed in the course of volcanic eruptions. Use the flowchart given below.

Answer:

4. Draw a diagram to show how life returned to the island. Label the diagram.
(Use the technique of drawing diagrams when you study science, geography, etc.)

Question 1.
Draw a diagram to show how life returned to the island. Label the diagram.
(Use the technique of drawing diagrams when you study science, geography, etc.)

5. Write short notes on the following:

Question 1.
The 1883 eruption
Answer:
The August 1883 eruption that took place was the worst of the eruptions that took place. The sound of the volcanic eruption was heard more than 3500 kms away in Australia. The island which was a volcanic mountain, collapsed on itself. The dust rose up to 80 km. in the sky, which spread around the world and later settled in different parts thousands of kilometres away.

Giant tsunamis were caused by the eruption, destroying 165 villages and towns. Two-thirds of the island of Krakatoa was destroyed, which collapsed beneath the surface of the sea creating more than a 6 km. wide hole.

Question 2.
The living world on Rakata
Answer:
Rakata, a part of Krakatoa is still visible in the sea, a little away from Anak Krakatoa. After the 1883 eruption, all the surrounding islands and coasts were covered with hot ash rendering the island lifeless. In 1884, a scientist found only one spider when he visited Rakata.

The wind and the sea brought seeds of the plants to the island. Plants and animals that lived in the sea came to the coasts again. Small land animals like ants, termites or even rats and lizards travelled to the island on plants floating in the sea. One edge of the island was soon teeming with plants and animals.

6. Find the pronunciation of the following words from a good dictionary.
strait, eruption, tremendous, dormant, extinct, tsunami, crater, plume.

Question 1.
Find the pronunciation of the following words from a good dictionary.
strait, eruption, tremendous, dormant, extinct, tsunami, crater, plume.

7. Read aloud with the leader: Form groups of five. Read the passage aloud in groups. The leader begins every sentence and stops after a few words. The other members complete the sentence, reading it aloud in chorus.

Question 1.
Read aloud with the leader: Form groups of five. Read the passage aloud in groups. The leader begins every sentence and stops after a few words. The other members complete the sentence, reading it aloud in chorus.

8. Look at the following words carefully for one minute. Now close your book and try to write down as many of the words as you can remember.

Question 1.
Look at the following words carefully for one minute. Now close your book and try to write down as many of the words as you can remember.

Answer:
active, coast, crater, crust, disaster, dormant, eruption, extinct, inland, island, lava, molten, plume, tremendous, tsunami, volcanic.

9. Read the passage and find the verbs used with the following nouns and phrases:
volcano, molten rock, volcanic mountain, dust, 165 village and towns, the wind and the sea, seeds, birds

Question 1.
Read the passage and find the verbs used with the following nouns and phrases:
volcano, molten rock, volcanic mountain, dust, 165 village and towns, the wind and the sea, seeds, birds
Answer:

Nouns/Phrases	Verbs
Molten rock	Erupts, is, has erupted,
Volcano	Is
Volcanic mountain	was
Dust	was thrown up
165 villages and town	were destroyed
The wind and the sea	brought
Seeds	came
Birds	flew

Class 6 English Chapter 2.4 Anak Krakatoa Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
What is Krakatoa known for?
Answer:
Krakatoa is known for its volcano which erupts regularly.

Question 2.
Name the three categories of volcano.
Answer:

• Active volcano
• Dormant volcano
• Extinct volcano

Question 3.
How loud was the sound of the eruption which took place in August 1883?
Answer:
The sound of the eruption in August 1883 was so loud that it was heard more than 3500 km. away in Australia.

Question 4.
What did the volcanic eruption in August 1883 cause?
Answer:
The volcanic eruption in August 1883 caused giant waves or tsunamis in the sea near the island.?

Question 5.
What was the new island named?
Answer:
The new island was named ‘Anak Krakatoa’ or the ‘Child of Krakatoa’.

Question 6.
Name the agents that helped to maintain the living world on Rakata.
Answer:

1. The wind
2. The sea
3. The birds

Question 7.
How did the western coast of Java become rich in wildlife?
Answer:
The wildlife in the western coast of Java grew naturally because there were no human beings to interfere with it. There was no one to cut the trees or kill animals.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the extract and do the activities.

Question 1.
Write True or False:
a. Krakatoa is an island in the Sunda strait.
b. Great volcanic erruptions can change the land forms on an area.
Answer:
a. False
b. True

Question 2.
Where is the island of Krakatoa?
Answer:
The island of Krakatoa is in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra in Indonesia.

Question 3.
What can a great volcanic eruption do?
Answer:
A great volcanic eruption can change the landforms in an area.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Pick out a word from the extract which means:
(a) glowing red hot
(b) great
Answer:
(a) molten
(b) tremendous

Question 2.
Thick, dark clouds of smoke rise high from the opening. (Change into past continuous tense)
Answer:
Thick, dark clouds of smoke were rising high from the opening.

Question 3.
Pick out a word which is a combination of 2 meaningful words.
Answer:
Sometimes and landforms.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think animals are happy at the zoo? Why?
Answer:
No, I don’t think animals are happy at the zoo because they are caged and not free to move about. Though they get their food, they are disturbed by human visitors. They would love to be in their natural habitat.

Language Study

Frajne the questions using auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) for the given statements. Begin the question with the helping verb.

Question 1.
It was raining.
Answer:
Was it raining?

Question 2.
They were tired.
Answer:
Were they tired?

Question 3.
They did their duty.
Answer:
Did they do their duty?

Question 4.
He works in all weathers.
Answer:
Does he work in all weathers?

Remember:

• Helping (auxiliary) verbs help in changing the tense of the verb in the sentence.
• Helping (auxiliary) verbs can also be used at the beginning of a sentence to frame a ‘Yes/ No’ question.

Turn each of these statements into a negative question.

Question 1.
It is hot today.
Answer:
Is it not hot today?

Question 2.
You are feeling hungry.
Answer:
Are you not feeling hungry?

Question 3.
She is enjoying the film.
Answer:
Is she not enjoying the film?

Question 4.
They have eaten their dinner.
Answer:
Have they not eaten their dinner?

Do as directed:

Question 1.
What is a volcano? (State the kind of sentence.)
Answer:
Interrogative sentence

Question 2.
A great volcanic eruption can change the landforms in an area. (Pick out the modal auxiliary)
Answer:
Can – modal (verb) auxiliary

Question 3.
Krakatoa is an active volcano. (Change into a negative sentence)
Answer:
Krakatoa is not an inactive volcano.

Question 4.
This region became rich in wildlife. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
This region became rich in wildlife, didn’t it?

Question 5.
A part of the old island known as Rakata is still visible in the sea. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject – A part of the old island known as Rakata
Predicate – is still visible in the sea.

Question 6.
A volcanic eruption happens on a tremendous scale. (Underline the adjectives)
Answer:
Volcanic, tremendous.

Question 7.
Very hot mud and ash are also thrown out. (Name the word class of the underlined words)
Answer:
Very – adverb, hot – adjective, and – conjunction

Question 8.
Complete the table.
Answer:

Adjective	Noun	Answers
1. extinct	………………………….	extinction (n)
2. ………………………….	mountain	mountainous (adj)
3. volcanic	………………………….	volcano (n)
4. ………………………….	history	historic (adj)
5. visible	………………………….	vision (n)

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Write the noun form of:
Answer:

• erupted – eruption
• know – knowledge

Question 2.
Write the adjective form of:
Answer:

• volcano – volcanic
• regularly – regular

Question 3.
Add a prefix to:
Answer:

• regularly – irregularly
• known – unknown

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Write a paragraph on ‘Volcanoes’.
Answer:
Volcanoes are nothing but a natural way the earth has, of cooling off and releasing internal pressure and heat. Volcanoes have their advantages and disadvantages as well, that is the good and bad effects. The bad effects harm human life causing destruction of life and property.

There are many good effects of volcanoes, which not everyone is aware of. Volcanoes provide nutrients to the surrounding soil which is beneficial for plants. Volcanoes make islands. Volcanic ash is used as household cleaners. Volcanoes also create a spectacular sceneries. The most important of all is that volcanic gases are the source of all the water today.

Do you Know?

• The word ‘valcano’ originally comes from the name of Roman god of fire-Vulcan
• The Pacific Ring of Fire, an area around the Pacific Ocean, has evidence of 75% of the volcanoes on Earth.
• While there are big volcanoes on the Earth, the biggest known volcano in our Solar System is actually on Mars, known as Olympus Mons.

Anak Krakatoa Summary in English

Anak Krakatoa which means ‘Child of Krakatoa’ is named after Krakatoa. It is still an active volcano. The worst of the eruptions took place in August 1883. A part of the old island known as Rakata, is still visible in the sea, a little away from the new arrival. After Krakatoa’s eruption in 1883, all the surrounding islands and coasts were covered with hot ash. No life remained. When a scientist visited in 1884, he found just one spider there.

Introduction:

‘Anak Krakatoa’ is an informative lesson about Krakatoa – an island in Indonesia which is known for its volcano which erupts regularly.

Glossary:

1. strait (n) – a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water
2. eruption (n) – a sudden release of pressure, such as lava from a volcano
3. tremendous (adj) – extremely large or great in amount, extent, degree, etc.
4. dormant (adj) – inactive
5. extinct (adj) – no longer in existence
6. tsunami (n) – a destructive tidal wave
7. crater (n) – any large, circular depression or hole
8. plume (n) – an upswelling of molten material from the earth’s mantle
9. island (n) – an area of land totally surrounded by water
10. molten (adj) – glowing red hot
11. disaster (n) – an event causing great loss

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 A Mad Tea Party Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 A Mad Tea Party

Class 6 English Chapter 4.4 A Mad Tea Party Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the passage aloud playing the roles of different characters.

Question 1.
Read the passage aloud playing the roles of different characters.
Answer:
We all follow a class time table made by the school. Imagine for a minute what will happen if there was no time table for your class.

2. Write any three of the silly remarks made by the characters other than Alice. Write why you think the remark is silly.

Question 1.
Write any three of the silly remarks made by the characters other than Alice. Write why you think the remark is silly.
Answer:
Three silly remarks made by the characters other than Alice:
a. I see what I eat – I eat what I see – Hatter
b. I like what I get – I get what I like – March Hare
c. I breathe when I sleep -1 sleep when I breathe – Dormouse
All have a statement and an inverted version of the same. There is no intention of conveying any message. They are spoken for the sake of speaking. However, they sound silly.

3. Read the following sentences.

Question 1.
1. I mean what I say. I say what I mean.
2. I see what I eat. I eat what I see.
Use your imagination to write a funny sentence on this pattern.
Answer:
1. I do what I love.
2. I love what I do.

4. Write what would you like to do if ‘Time’ was your friend.

Question 1.
Write what would you like to do if ‘Time’ was your friend.
Answer:
If ‘Time’ was my friend, I would want to do a lot of things. I will want to get back to my childhood days. I would go back in time and keep my grandparents and all my near and dear ones (who are no more now) alive.

5. Can you think of a similarity between a raven and a writing desk? Write at least five differences between the two.

Question 1.
Can you think of a similarity between a raven and a writing desk? Write at least five differences between the two.
Answer:
Five differences between a raven and a writing desk:
a. A raven is a living creature whereas a writing desk is a non-living thing.
b. A raven can fly whereas a writing desk cannot fly.
c. A raven cannot be used for writing purposes but a writing desk can be used for the same purpose.
d. A raven can lay eggs but a writing desk cannot.
e. A raven is natural and a writing desk is man¬made.

6. Visit a library: Read Lewis Carroll’s book ‘Alice in Wonderland’.

Question 1.
Visit a library: Read Lewis Carroll’s book ‘Alice in Wonderland’.
Answer:
Apart from class/school, where else are you likely to find a time table useful?

Class 6 English Chapter 4.4 A Mad Tea Party Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
How were March Hare, the Hatter and the Dormouse seated despite the large size of the table?
Answer:
Although the table was a large one, all the three of them were crowded together at one corner of the table.

Question 2.
What did all the three of them say when they saw Alice coming?
Answer:
When the Dormouse, the Hatter and the March Hare saw Alice coming, they shouted that there was no room (place) on the table to seat anyone.

Question 3.
What was Alice’s response to this comment of no space being available on the table?
Answer:
On hearing the cry of all the three of them stating that there was no room on the table, Alice replied very angrily that there was PLENTY of room. Saying so, she sat down.

Question 4.
Ultimately, where did Alice sit down?
Answer:
Alice sat down in a large arm-chair at one end of the table.

Question 5.
What did the March Hare tell Alice after she sat down?
Answer:
The March Hare told Alice to have some wine, in an encouraging tone.

Question 6.
Did Alice see any wine on the table? If not, what did she find on the table?
Answer:
Alice did not see any wine on the table. Alice looked all around the table, but she found nothing on it except tea.

Question 7.
What was Hatter’s first speech to Alice?
Answer:
Hatter remarked that Alice’s hair wants cutting.

Question 8.
How did Alice react?
Answer:
Alice spoke with severity that Hatter should learn not to make personal remarks as it is rude.

Question 9.
What kind of discussion did the Hatter, the March Hare and the Dormouse have with Alice?
Answer:
They had silly, senseless and stupid discussion with Alice.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Question 1.
Where was the table set out?
Answer:
The table was set out under a tree in front of the house.

Question 2.
Who all were seated at the table?
Answer:
The March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at the table and a Dormouse was sitting between them.

Question 3.
Why did Alice think that the Dormouse must be uncomfortable?
Answer:
The Dormouse was sitting between the March Hare and the Hatter. They both were using the Dormouse as a cushion, resting their elbows on it and talking over its head. So, Alice thought that the dormouse must be uncomfortable.

Question 4.
Why did the Dormouse not mind the discomfort, according to Alice?
Answer:
Alice thought that the Dormouse did not mind the discomfort caused by the March Hare and the Hatter only because it was asleep.

Question 5.
Give the antonyms of:
a. uncomfortable
b. asleep
Answer:
a. comfortable,
b. awake

Question 6.
A Dormouse was sitting between them. (Identify the tense)
Answer:
was sitting – Past continuous

Question 7.
What does the paragraph remind you?
Answer:
The paragraph reminds me of a “Garden Tea Party”.

Language Study.

Question 1.
There was a table set out under a tree. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
a table – subject
was set out under a tree – predicate

Question 2.
A Dormouse was sitting between them. (Pick out the verb and state its tense)
Answer:
was sitting (verb) – Past continuous tense

Question 3.
The table was a large one. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
The table was a large one, wasn’t it?

Question 4.
There’s plenty of room! (State the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Exclamatory sentence

Question 5.
The other two were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head. (Pick out the conjunction)
Answer:
and – Conjunction

Question 6.
She sat down in a large arm-chair at one end of the table. (Pick out the preposition)
Answer:
in, at, of – prepositions

Question 7.
Pick out an example of an Imperative sentence from the passage.
Answer:
‘Have some wine’ – Imperative sentence

Question 8.
The three were all crowded together at one corner of it. (Pick out the adjective and state its kind)
Answer:
one – Adjective of number (Definite Numeral Adjective)

Question 9.
The March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it. (Pick out the nouns and state their kinds)
Answer:
March Hare, Hatter – proper nouns tea – common noun

Question 10.
I suppose it doesn’t mind. (Pick out the pronoun and state its kind)
Answer:
I – Personal pronoun (first-person pronoun)

Write the noun form of.

Question 1.

1. waste
2. silent
3. know
4. believe
5. rude
6. civil

Answer:

1. wastage
2. silence
3. knowledge
4. belief
5. rudeness
6. civility

Write the adjective forms of.

Question 1.

1. severity
2. curiosity
3. conversation
4. hair
5. time
6. table

Answer:

1. severe
2. curious
3. conversational
4. hairy
5. timely
6. tabular

Write degrees of comparison of:

Question 1.
1. great
2. wide
3. loud
4. well
Answer:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
great	greater	greatest
wide	wider	widest
loud	louder	loudest
well	better	best

Write the verb forms of:

Question 1.

1. conversation
2. head
3. proposal
4. beginning
5. reason

Answer:

1. converse
2. behead
3. propose
4. begin
5. reason

Write the adverb forms of:

Question 1.

1. bright
2. feeble
3. hoarse
4. suppose
5. alarmed

Answer:

1. brightly
2. feebly
3. hoarsely
4. supposedly
5. alarmingly

Write the homophones of:

Question 1.

1. as
2. no
3. once
4. so
5. in

Answer:

1. ass
2. know
3. ones
4. sow
5. inn

Writing Skills

Question 1.
Write a book review after reading “Alice in Wonderland”.
Answer:
‘Alice in Wonderland’ by Lewis Carroll is a nice book of fantasy. All the characters in the book are very interesting, even though they seem too funny to be real. The way Alice deals with all the three characters is also quite impressive. They way Alice experiences adventures after falling into the rabbit hole and travels to places makes for an interesting read. The book holds our attention and keep us imagining the scenes as we also travel along with Alice. Alice’s emotions and expressions also show her emotional side and how she cares and feels for the Dormouse, etc. On the whole, it is a captivating book which entertains us to a limitless extent.

Student’s Activity

Question 1.
A Project: Time Tables
Answer:
Make a time table of your daily routine.
1. On a school day
2. On a holiday, and
3. During examinations.
Start at the time you normally get up and list your acitivities hourly: 7 am to 8 am, and so on.

A Mad Tea Party Summary in English

Alice falls into a rabbit hide and happens to attend a tea party with the March Hare, the Mad Hatter and the Dormouse.
Alice makes herself comfortable on a large arm-chair at the corner of a large table, though all the three tell her that there was no space to accommodate her. After getting seated, Alice get into arguments with them for various reasons, due to their silly remarks. Ultimately all of them get tired of their own talks and the March Hare suggest that Alice should tell them a story. When Alice refuses, they suggest that the Dormouse who was sleeping should tell. The Dormouse opening his eyes tells that he wasn’t asleep all the while, but was listening to every word that they all were saying.

Introduction:

‘A Mad Tea Party’ is a part of the fantasy novel ‘Alice in Wonderland’ written by Lewis Carroll. This novel is all about a little girl named Alice and all her adventures in a fantasy world. This particular part deals with a tea party attended by her along with the three particular creatures – The March Hare, the Mad Hatter and the Dormouse.

Glossary:

1. fantasy (n) – imagination
2. mingle (v) – mix
3. peculiar – odd
4. indignantly – angrily
5. but – except
6. civil-polite
7. curiosity – eager desire to know or learn something
8. severity – harshness
9. hastily – hurriedly
10. dropped – stopped (discussion)
11. wearily – in a tired manner.
12. contemptuously – a feeling of dislike
13. cautiously – paying attention to warning/ safety
14. to accounts for – provide to an explanation for
15. to not stand – to not tolerate
16. keep on good terms – keeps in good relations
17. instance – a particular situation
18. in a twinkling – in a very short time
19. ventured – dares

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 The Story of Gautama’s Quest Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 The Story of Gautama’s Quest

Class 6 English Chapter 4.2 The Story of Gautama’s Quest Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the following sentences with reference to the passage.

Question a.
Gautama, the Buddha, was born over two thousand five hundred years ago, as ……………… .
Answer:
a. Gautama, the Buddha, was born over two thousand five hundred years ago, as Prince Siddharth.

Question b.
The king was determined to prevent his beloved son from ………….. .
Answer:
b. The king was determined to prevent his beloved son from renouncing the world.

Question c.
For six years did Gautama practise …………….. .
Answer:
c. To this day, we venerate this tree as the Bodhi Tree.

Question d.
He realised that making the body suffer was not ………….. .
Answer:
d. Siddharth renounced worldly life in quest of the Truth of life.

Question e.
To this day, we venerate this tree as …………… .
Answer:
Gautama found out the cause of sorrow is desire. The cure of sorrow is to give up all desires and adopt Right – Living.

2. Write short notes on the following.

Question a.
Prince Siddharth’s protected life.
Answer:
When Siddharth was born, it was prophesied that the infant would either grow to be a great Emperor or a renunciate who would usher comforts to lost souls. King Raja Shuddhodana was determined to prevent his son from renouncing the world. He surrounded the Prince with every imaginable luxury and comfort in the magnificent palaces. Thus, changing palaces depending on the season of the year. Prince Siddharth lived his secluded, protected life in the beautiful atmosphere of the royal mansions.

Question b.
The four signs that Prince Siddharth beheld.
Answer:
At the age of twenty-nine, Siddharth went out to see his kingdom and meet his subjects when he beheld what the Buddhist books call the ‘four signs’ – which reflected the impermanence of the world. He saw an old man, a diseased man, a dead man and a monk – and he was exposed to a vision of dukkha the world sorrow. From here began Gautama’s journey in quest of the Truth of Life.

Question c.
The message in the vision.
Answer:
The message in the vision was to convey to Buddha that he should not torture his body to starvation in quest of the Truth of Life. It is illustrated by the beautiful example of the sitar. The vision said that the sitar had to be tuned low nor high. If the string of a sitar is overstretched, it will break and lose its ability to make music. Similarly, an overslack string too would not create music. In other words, we should not go to extremes in our efforts to achieve our goals.

Question d.
Sujata’s offering:
Answer:
A beautiful girl named Sujata appeared before Gautama as he was trying to get up to take a bath in the river but couldn’t due to weakness. Sujata was carrying a golden bowl filled with sweetened milk and rice. Seeing the weakened ascetic, she offered the bowl of milk and rice at his feet. Buddha accepted her offerings. The first meal after many days of starvation refreshed him and infused a new strength in him. He realized that making the body suffer was not the way to enlightenment and truth.

3. Read aloud a paragraph of your choice from the passage.

Question 1.
Read aloud a paragraph of your choice from the passage.

4. Visit a library: Read stories about Gautama Buddha. Relate one story in the class.

Question 1.
Visit a library: Read stories about Gautama Buddha. Relate one story in the class.

Class 6 English Chapter 4.2 The Story of Gautama’s Quest Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
When and where was Gautama Buddha born?
Answer:
Gautama Buddha was born over two thousand five hundred years ago on the sacred day of Vaishakh Purnima at Lumbini, situated near the city of Kapilavastu.

Question 2.
What was prophesied at the birth of Gautama Buddha?
Answer:
It was prophesied at the birth of Gautama that the infant would either grow to be a great Chakravarti (an emperor) or a Sannyasi (a renunciate) who would bring comfort to lost souls.

Question 3.
What was the king determined to do?
Answer:
The king was determined to prevent his beloved son from renouncing the world.

Question 4.
Who was the prince married to? What was the name of his son?
Answer:
The prince was married to one of the most beautiful girls of the realm – Princess Yashodhara, the daughter of the Koliyan king. Their son’s name was Rahul.

Question 5.
How did the life of Siddharth change at the age of twenty-nine?
Answer:
At the age of twenty-nine, Siddharth went out to see his kingdom and to meet his subjects. He witnessed what the Buddhist books call the ‘four signs’ – witnesses to the impermanence of the world. This changed Siddharth’s life.

Question 6.
What was the impact of the ‘four signs’ on Siddharth?
Answer:
Siddharth saw an old man, a diseased man, a dead man and a monk and these witnesses to the impermanence of the world moved him, and there entered into his heart a vision of dukkha, the world – sorrow.

Question 7.
Why did Buddha renounce worldly life?
Answer:
To find the answer to the unanswerable question, “What is the way out of the world – sorrow?” He renounced worldly life and set out in quest of the Truth of Life.

Question 8.
What answer did Gautam Buddha get to his query: “What is the cause of sorrow”?
Answer:
The cause of sorrow is desire and the cure for sorrow is to give up all desires and adopt Right Living. This was the answer Gautama found to his query.

Question 9.
Why do we venerate the Bodhi Tree?
Answer:
Born under a tree/ as Buddha received illumination under a tree and so to this day we venerate this tree as the Bodhi Tree.

Question 10.
Complete the web diagram with qualities essential to succeed in what we have set out to achieve.
Answer:

Read the following extract and complete the activities.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with reference to the extract.
Answer:

• For six years, did Gautama practise intense asceticism.
• He realised that making the body suffer was not the way to enlightenment and truth.

Question 2.
What does the passage highlight?
Answer:
The passage highlights the intensity with which Gautama practised ascetism in his quest of the truth of life. It also talks about its impact on him and the willpower he displayed.

Question 3.
When did Gautama realise that making the body suffer was not the way to enlightenment and truth?
Answer:
When Buddha accepted Sujata’s offering of milk and rice, it refreshed him and infused a new strength in him. He then realized that making the body suffer was not the way to enlightenment and truth.

Question 4.
Pick out proof from the extract: Gautama in his quest for truth had become extremely weak.
Answer:
His strong, athletic body was reduced to a bag of bones.

Question 5.
Explain the lines: ‘Tune the sitar neither low nor high. The string overstretched breaks/
Answer:
The above lines convey the message that we should not go to any extreme ends in whatever we attempt. We should always take a middle path, i.e. neither going overboard nor remaining too indifferent.

Question 6.
‘I shall not give up until I attain to enlightenment’. What does this line tell us about Buddha?
Answer:
The above line tells us that Gautama Buddha was very determined. It reflects his immense willpower as he set out in quest of the truth of life.

Question 7.
Buddha accepted her offerings. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Buddha accepted her offerings, didn’t he?

Question 8.
The cause of sorrow is desire. (State the word class of the underlined words and state its kind)
Answer:
sorrow, desire – Abstract nouns

Question 9.
Why is willpower essential to succeed in life?
Answer:
If we are determined and if we persist and never give up, we will definitely emerge as a winner.

Language Study.

Question 1.
He was born on the sacred day of Vaishakh Purnima at Lumbini, situated near the city of Kapilavastu. (State the word class of the underlined words) .
Answer:
Nouns

Question 2.
The king was determined to prevent his beloved son from renouncing the world. (Form Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer)
Answer:
What was the king determined to do?

Question 3.
He saw an old man, a diseased man, a dead man and a monk. (Pick out the describing words)
Answer:
Describing words: old, diseased, dead

Question 4.
For six years did Gautama practise intense asceticism. (Pick out the action word)
Answer:
practise – action word

Question 5.
I shall not give up until I attain enlightenment. (State the word class of the underlined word)
Answer:
until – Conjunction

Question 6.
When she saw the weakened ascetic, she offered the bowl at his feet. (Pick out the Preposition)
Answer:
at – preposition

Question 7.
Buddha accepted her offering. (Rewrite the sentence starting with: Her offering)
Answer:
Her offering was accepted by Buddha.

Question 8.
It refreshed him and infused a new strength in him. (Use not only …. but also)
Answer:
It not only refreshed him but also infused a new strength in him.

Question 9.
Gautama had longed for enlightenment. (Pick out the verb and state its tense)
Answer:
had longed – Past perfect tense

Question 10.
The cause of sorrow is desire. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
The cause of sorrow: Subject is desire: Predicate

Question 11.
Word building.
Answer:

Noun	Adjective	Verb
prevention	preventive	prevent
imagination	imaginable	imagine
beauty	beautiful	beautify
illumination	illuminated	illuminate
strength	strong	strengthen

Make sentences using the following phrases.

1. to prevent: We should do all we can to prevent the growth of social stigma.
2. to renounce: He renounced all worldly pleasures and left in search of truth.
3. to witness: I witnessed a very serious accident.
4. to attain: We should try to attain excellence in all we set out to do.
5. to serve no purpose: Arguments serve no purpose and so we should avoid it.
6. to achieve: We should achieve great heights through hard work and persistent efforts.
7. to torture: We should never show cruelty towards animals or torture them in any way.
8. to infuse a new strength: His words infused a new strength in my goal of life.
9. to venerate: We venerate forces of nature as they are our providers.

Student’s Activity.

Question a.
Write a paragraph on:
Answer:
Qualities essential for Success

Question b.
Write an essay of about 100 words on:
Answer:
Willpower – Essential for Success

The Story of Gautama’s Quest Summary in English

The lesson ‘The Story of Gautama’s Quest’ narrates his journey from his birth two thousand five hundred years ago till the time he attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. Son of King Shuddhodana, Gautama would either be a great emperor or a renunciate who would bring comforts to many – thousands of lost souls – this was what was prophesied at his birth.

Despite the best efforts of the king, eventually the prophecy came true when Gautama witnessed the four signs – witnesses to the impermanence of the world. He renounced the comforts of the palace, the worldly life. He left his wife Yashodhara and son Rahul, and set out on a journey – A journey in quest of the Truth of Life.

The lesson goes on to narrate the severe hardships which Gautama underwent for six years. He displayed immense will-power. He hardly ate a grain of rice but refused to give up until he attained enlightenment. Along the way, Gautama saw a vision. It changed his approach. He then decided to follow the middle path and stopped torturing his body to starvation.

As he accepted the offering of milk and rice from Sujata, he felt refreshed and infused with strength. He realised that making the body suffer was not the way to enlightenment and truth.

Gautama’s long wait, the quest for truth, ended when that night he found answer to his question. The cause of sorrow was desire, the urge to possess. The cure for the same was to give up all desires and adopt right living. A circle was complete. Born under a tree, the Buddha received illumination also under a tree – A tree venerated even today.

Introduction:

This lesson throws light on Gautama’s journey in quest of the truth of life – the journey (the quest) which begins with a question: What is the cause of sorrow? The quest ends when he finds the answer that the root cause of all sorrows is desire. The cure for all sorrows is to give up all desires and adopt right living.

Glossary:

1. sacred (adj) – holy
2. prophesied (v) – to reveal by divine something inspiration
3. renunciate (n) – one who formally gives up
4. renounce (verb) – to formally give up
5. magnificent (adj) – extravagant and beautiful
6. mansion (n) – a large, palatial house
7. secluded (adj) – a place which is not visited
8. realm (n) – field of activity
9. impermanence (adj) – not lasting definitely
10. unanswerable (adj) – question which couldn’t be answered
11. quest (v) – search
12. illumination (n)- enlightenment
13. attainment (n) – acquire something
14. intense (adj) – severe
15. asceticism (n) – avoiding pleasures of life and leading a simple life for religious purpose
16. succession (n) – happening one after another
17. athletic (adj) – strong and healthy
18. willpower (n) – strong determination
19. vision (n) – something which is seen in a dream and which conveys some truth or knowledge.
20. stimulant (n) – motivate or encourage
21. starvation (n) – suffer from lack of food
22. ascetic (n) – one who abstains oneself from
23. infused (v) – ushered in (here)
24. desire (n) – to want something strongly
25. venerate (v) – respect deeply

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 Sleep, My Treasure Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 Sleep, My Treasure

Class 6 English Chapter 4.1 Sleep, My Treasure Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
The mother is the speaker in the poem.

Question 2.
Whom is the poem being addressed to?
Answer:
The poem is addressed to the child/baby.

Question 3.
What time is being described in the poem?
Answer:
Nighttime is being described in the poem.

Question 4.
Name the white and bright things mentioned in the poem.
Answer:
Lilies and daisies are the white and bright things mentioned in the poem.

2. Guess the meaning of the following from the context.

Question 1.
The garden still is alight with.
Answer:
The garden which has now become still (motionless) because the birds have gone into their nests is brightly lit up due to the presence of the showy lilies.

Question 2.
Dawn wakes the starling.
Answer:
As soon as it is dawn, the starling, a commonly found black bird wakes up. This is due to the darkness that has disappeared because of dawn or daybreak.

Question 3.
The meadow is wrapped in shadow.
Answer:
The meadow, where there is plenty of grass appears dark because the sun has set and there is only the shadow of the night falling on it.

3. Which is your favorite time of the day? Describe it in detail.

Question 1.
Which is your favourite time of the day? Describe it in detail.
Answer:
I like the morning time of the day as I feel fresh at daybreak. This feeling of freshness is due to the morning rays of the sun that bring hope in my life. I also look forward to the whole day’s activities, playtime and fun. (Answer may vary).

4. Vist a library. Find and read stories and poems by Edith Hesbit.

Question 1.
Visit a library. Find and read stories and poems by Edith Hesbit.

5. Draw word webs for the following.

Question 1.
Begin with the given word and go on writing as many other words associated with it, as you can. Use these words to write other related words to form a word web.

Answer:

6. An activity.

Question 1.
Speak fust, think faster!
Form groups of 4-6. Discuss each of the following topics. Then each person in the group should choose a topic and speak about it for one minute. Try to say us many sentences as you can in that time.
Answer:
a. What may happen ………………..
1. I may study …………….
As I have to go out during the weekend and then I may not have enough time to complete my studies. I have decided to be hardworking and sincere so that I may excel in my studies and achieve satisfaction.

2. A bird may fly into the classroom ………….
It may possibly get hurt due to the presence of the fan. It may have to be taken care of. It is better that I try to see to it that it does not enter the classroom so that it does not get wounded.

3. The Principal may call me …………..
The Principal may call me as I had expressed my wish to stand for the post of Commander in the school elections. I may be given an opportunity to compete with my friends. I may select the Lion as my logo. I feel I may be elected as Commander or Vice-commander.

4. It may rain ………………..
It may rain as the sky appears very cloudy right now. It may pour heavily and we are eagerly looking forward to it because only then we will have enough water supply to last for the whole year. The water supply may help the farmer tremendously in cultivating the crops to be supplied to the country’s population.

5. Dog may chase a cat.
A dog may chase a cat as it is the way of nature. The cat has been hiding behind the car, running around looking for rats. The dog has been on the lookout for the cat which was the cutest and the tiniest of the lot.

6. A king ……………. kingdom
A king may lose his kingdom. If he does not do justice, his subjects may lose faith in him. They may not love or respect him and even may not want him as their ruler anymore. The king must try to regain the trust of his subjects by being just and noble.

7. My friend …………….. read
My friend may give a storybook to read. He mentioned that the book was very interesting and had a captivating story. The characters in the book were unforgettable and described beautifully. The story is set in a mountainside village with a description of natural scenery. Hence, I feel that I may get that book to read during this weekend.

8. Mother may make idlis today.
Mother may make idlis today as we are going to have all my cousins at home for dinner. My mom is a very good cook. She prepares very tasty chutney and sambhar too. She has bought the ingredients like coconut and coriander, etc. So, I have strong feeling that she may make idlis tonight.

b. What is not likely to happen or will never happen?

1. It won’t …………… classroom.
It won’t rain in the classroom even though it is on the top floor because we have a concrete ceiling over our heads. It is pouring cats and dogs outside. I have a strong temptation to go out of my classroom and get wet in the rain and dance and enjoy because it is absolutely very clear that however hard we try, it will never rain in the classroom.

2. I won’t ever …………… dinosaur
I won’t ever see a dinosaur even if I dream of seeing it. This is a sad fact and a reality too because the dinosaurs have been clearly wiped away from the surface of the earth and not a single one is alive today as they could not adapt themselves to the changing environment. So, it is very sad to accept that I won’t ever see a live dinosaur.

3. The sun …………….. east.

The sun will never set in the east. Every phenomenon follows the law of nature and as per the law of nature that the sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. This is due to rotation of the earth – and not the revolution of the sun. If these natural phenomena followed other schedules, things on earth would be very difficult and may go haywire.

c. Imagine yourself to be in a particular environment. Write your own ideas.

He says, “Come on, Monu” ………. Monu tries to strike a balance but is tilting the cycle to one side and falls down. He is only slightly hurt because of his uncle’s presence. His uncle holds him while falling. So, he has only a few bruises. Once again, he is trying hard to balance with a strong determination. Monu does manage to ride the bicycle without falling, but oh only a short distance is covered and Monu is back to square one.. .i.e., the same position as earlier.

Class 6 English Chapter 4.1 Sleep, My Treasure Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What had made the birds tired?
Answer:
The long day’s fun and pleasure has made the birds feel tired.

Question 2.
Where are the birds heading to, at the end of their long day?
Answer:
At the end of the long tiring day, the birds are heading to their nests.

Question 3.
What is the garden still alight with?
Answer:
The garden is still alight with freshly bloomed; merry and live lilies.

Question 4.
What are the daisies in the garden doing?
Answer:
The daisies in the garden are fast asleep.

Reading Skills and Poetic Device.

Question 1.
What does dawn do?
Answer:
Dawn (early morning) wakes the starling, a commonly seen black bird.

Question 2.
What does the sparrow do at daybreak?
Answer:
The sparrow starts moving slightly at the break of day to indicate that he has woken from his sleep.

Question 3.
What has happened to the meadows?
Answer:
The meadow is totally wrapped (covered) in the shadow of the night.

Question 4.
Till what time is the mother telling the child to remain asleep?
Answer:
The mother is telling the child to remain asleep till the daisies awaken themselves at dawn.

Question 5.
Pick out the rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:

• 1st stanza: treasure – pleasure; creep – asleep; is – lilies
• 2nd stanza: darling – starling; break – wake; meadow – shadow

Question 6.
Add a rhyming word of your own to each of the pairs given above.
Answer:
e.g.: treasure – pleasure – measure

Do you know:

Mother’s Day is a time to honour mother, grandmother, great grandmother for their contribution to family. It honours motherhood, material bonds and the influence of mother in society. It is celebrated in the second week of may., in almost 46 countries. It is an annual event but is held at different dates in the calendar, depending on the country.

Sleep, My Treasure Summary in English

The mother in the poem is putting her baby to sleep. The mother is addressing the baby as her ‘treasure’. She says that the birds are very tired due to the long day’s pleasure of doing a lot of work. Hence, they move slowly and quietly to their nests. Since all the birds have gone to their nests, the garden is still and no movement is seen anywhere, yet it is brightly lit up and appears lively due to the showy lily flowers. In contrast, all the daisies that had earlier bloomed in the garden are fast asleep.
As the mother is telling the baby to go to sleep, she also mentions that dawn wakes up the black birds. The sparrow starts moving and stirs itself when he sees dawn, but the whole meadow is covered in the shadow of the night. The baby too must sleep till it is daybreak and till the time the daisies wake up.

Introduction:

The ‘treasure’ in the poem is the baby who is being addressed by the mother. The mother is describing the night and telling the child to sleep. The mother is also telling the child to wake up in the morning while describing how the beautiful morning scenario would be.

Glossary:

1. pleasure (n) – enjoyment, happiness or satisfaction
2. treasure (n) – something that is precious lighly valued, (here) – the baby/child
3. creep (v) – move slowly without any noise
4. still (adj) – staying in the same position without moving
5. alight (v) – brightly lit up
6. stirs (v) – wakes up, moves slightly
7. wrapped – covered

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 1.5 A Kabaddi Match Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 1.5 A Kabaddi Match

Class 6 English Chapter 1.5 A Kabaddi Match Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Form pairs. Make a list of as many games as you can. (At least 25) Then classify the games using the following criteria:

• indoor and outdoor games.
• Games played with and without any equipment.
• Games which have one-to-one matches and those in which teams play against each other (Single player or team)
• Games played mostly by children and games played by adult players.
• Shape and size of the court or field.
• Use the following figures to show your classification.

Question 1.
indoor and outdoor games.
Answer:

Indoor Games	Outdoor Games
Billiards	Archery
Bowling	Cricket
Boxing	Diving
Chess	Golf
Gymnastics	Hockey
Judo	Tennis
Karate	Volleyball
Kung fu	Kho-Kho
Squash
Swimming
Table tennis
Weight lifting
Wrestling

Question 2.
Games played with and without any equipment.
Answer:

Bowling	Cricket	Judo
Billiards	Basketball	Karate
Diving	Table tennis	Boxing
Squash	Golf	Weight lifting
Archery	Chess	Soccer
Boxing	Hockey	Kung fu
Badminton	Wrestling	Kho-Kho
Volleyball	Gymnastics	Swimming

Question 3.
Games which have one-to-one matches and those in which teams play against each other (Single player or team)
Answer:

Question 4.
Games played mostly by children and games played by adult players.
Answer:

Games played by children	Games played by adults
Blind man’s buff	Chess
Cops and robbers	Snooker
Dodge ball	Hockey
Four square	Cricket
I spy	Badminton
Leap frog	Football
Pick-up-sticks	Polo
Ring a Ring o’ Roses	Billiards

Question 5.
Shape and size of the court or field.
Answer:

Name of the game	Shape of the court field	Size of the field
Basketball	Rectangular	26 m in length, 14 m in width measured from the inside edges of the boundary lines.
Boxing	Square	The ring should not be less than 12 feet or more than 20 feet square. The height from the ring floor level to the top rope should not be less than four feet, nor more than five feet.

2. Read the description of the Kabaddi match and do the following:

Question a.
Note down the names of the players and say whether each one belongs to 9A or 9B.
Answer:

Name of the student	Class
Govind	9A
Suresh	9B
Ravi	9B
Mohan	9B
Vinod	9B
Mangesh	9A
Ajinkya	9B
Mihir	9B
Sohan	9A
Vivek	9A

Question b.
Describe, in your own words, the important events in the first half.
Answer:
With the spectators clapping and boosting the morale of both the teams, the match got off to a good start. Having won the toss 9A sent their raider, Govind. Catching the opponent unawares, he touched Suresh from 9B and in no time headed towards home thus scoring a point.

Ravi being a strong player, with the knowledge of the right techniques appeared relaxed as he was aware of his strengths. Mangesh was wrestled down by Ravi and his friend, but Mangesh proved his capability. Even as he was on the ground with the anti¬raiders catching hold of his waist and legs, he slowly inched towards his court.

The best efforts of the anti-raiders failed in pulling him back and Mangesh successfully touched the mid-line scoring three points and getting three players of the anti-raiders out from the game.

Now, 9B began to play by exercising caution. Mihir and one of their raider tasted early success as they managed to tag Sohan in 9A. The other few raids were futile. Now, it was the turn of Vivek, the strategist. The remaining three players from 9B trapped Vivek. He slowly made his way back towards his court with the anti-raiders moving with him.

When they caught Vivek’s arm and tried to pull him back, Vivek slipped his leg beyond the midline with the anti-raiders still hanging onto his arm. Thanks to Vivek’s efforts, the whole of 9B was declared out.

Question c.
Write in your own words, what happened in the second half.
Answer:
The half time break was over, the star players of 9A were brimming with confidence. They did an encore by catching hold of ace raiders Mohan, Ajinkya and Ravi. As they say, the best team wins. Since 9A displayed excellence in all areas of the game, they emerged the winners. This coupled with team spirit, their confidence, strategies, swiftness and suppleness helped them emerge the winners beating 9B – a team which had never been defeated in any game of Kabaddi.

Question d.
Choose any one event and draw a diagram to show what happened.

3. List all the words specially used in the game of Kabaddi.

4. From the internet or other sources, find the other names by which Kubaddi is known in different parts of our country and the world.

Question 1.
From the internet or other sources, find the other names by which Kubaddi is known in different parts of our country and the world.

5. What characteristics are needed to be a good player of Kabaddi? What should you do to develop each? Discuss this in groups of 5 and write a composition on it.

Question 1.
What characteristics are needed to be a good player of Kabaddi? What should you do to develop each? Discuss this in groups of 5 and write a composition on it.

6. Read the following note from a school girl’s diary:

Write diary entries for the interesting or important events that take place in your school. Write at least 3 entries.

Question 1.
Write diary entries for the interesting or important events that take place in your school. Write at least 3 entries.
Answer:
Dairy 1.

15th June, 2016.

Dear Diary,
Today was the first day of our new academic year. It was a fun filled day meeting new teachers and friends.
I am looking forward to the days ahead. My friends and I have made several plans to make the most of our time in school. The new textbooks are really very informative and colourful.
I am all excited about the days ahead.

– XYZ

Dairy 2.

15th Aug, 2016.

Dear Diary,
We had a tree plantation drive in our school on the occasion of Independence Day. All of us had to take saplings to school. I had taken a mango sapling. I wonder when my sapling will grow into a huge tree. There were posters everywhere, one which said – “Plant and preserve, Plant and protect, Plant and prosper, Plant and perish”.

-XYZ

Dairy 3.

12th Dec, 2016.

Dear Diary,
Today was our Sports Day. It was inaugurated by our Sports Minister. After the speeches, the competitions started. Various competitions were held. The most exciting were the Tug of War and Relay. I won the gold medal in 100 m Running. What an eventful day it was!

-XYZ

7. Language Study: Degrees of comparison.
We use different forms of adjectives and adverbs to show comparison. They are known as degrees of comparison.

• Positive: Mangesh was ac strong ac Ravi.
  She is as tall as her sister.
• Comparative: Mangesh was stroll gel’ than other players.
  She is taller than her sister.
• Superlative: Mungesh was the strongest player in the team.
  Their sister is the tallest amongst the three.

8. Complete the following sentences using your own ideas.

1. The princess was as …………. as………… . (Positive)
2. The princess was ……………. than …………….. .(Comparative)
3. The princess was the ……………. amongst all ………… .(Superlative)

Note that we usually add ‘-er’, ‘-est’ to short adjectives and use more’ or ‘moSt’ with longer adjectives.
Examples:

• high – higher – highest
• attractive – more attractive – most attractive
• nice – nicer – nicest
• interesting – more interesting – most interesting

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences using your own ideas.

1. The princess was as …………. as………… . (Positive)
2. The princess was ……………. than …………….. .(Comparative)
3. The princess was the ……………. amongst all ………… .(Superlative)

Answer:

1. The princess was as beautiful as Princess lane.
2. The princess was taller than Prince Arthur.
3. The princess was the best among all girls.

9. Read the following words and name the degree of comparison shown by each.
good – better – best bad – worse – worst

Class 6 English Chapter 1.5 A Kabaddi Match Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
What led to the hopes of class 9 A soaring?
Answer:
The inclusion of three new students in class 9A, who were outstanding Kabaddi players led to the hopes of the class soaring.

Question 2.
How did the spectators boost the morale of both the teams?
Answer:
When the match started, all the spectators clapped and boosted the morale of both the teams.

Question 3.
How was the first point of the game scored?
Answer:
Raider Govind was so swift that before the opponents realised it, he had touched Suresh from 9B and was already heading home and a point was scored.

Question 4.
What was the strength of Ravi from 9B?
Answer:
Ravi from 9B, was a very strong player and he could single-handedly catch hold of any player tightly in between his legs, twisted like scissors. Releasing oneself from his grip would be next to impossible.

Question 5.
Why was Ravi relaxed?
Answer:
Ravi was relaxed as he had never dreamt of any strong opposition from any team.

Question 6.
Which quality helped Mangesh to prove his mettle?
Answer:
The quality of determination helped Mangesh . to prove his mettle.

Question 7.
What was the result of Mangesh’s efforts?
Answer:
Mangesh, through his efforts not only saved himself but was able to score three points for his team as Ravi, Mohan and Ajinkya who were holding him were also declared out.

Question 8.
How was the whole of 9B team declared out?
Answer:
The three players from 9B trapped Vivek but he slowly moved back towards his court with the three anti-raiders moving with him. When they caught his arm and were trying to pull him back, Vivek slipped his leg beyond the midline with the anti-raiders still hanging on to his arm. Thus, the whole of 9B team was declared out.

Question 9.
What helped 9 A beat 9B who had never tasted defeat earlier in the game of Kabaddi?
Answer:
9A outplayed 9B in all areas of Kabaddi. Their team spirit, confidence, strategies, swiftness and suppleness helped them to beat 9B who had never tasted defeat before.

Reading Skill, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and complete the activities that follow.

Question 1.
Prepare a word register for the word ‘sports’.
Answer:
courts, teams, opponents, players Extract:
In Kabaddi, two teams of seven members each, face each other on a flat rectangular court, divided by a midline. The game is usually played in two halves with a halftime break in between. After the break, the teams exchange their sides on the court.

To play the game, each team sends ‘raiders’ across the midline to the other team. The raider tries to ‘tag’ the opponents and run back to his side, all in one breath. To show that he hasn’t inhaled again, he has to chant ‘Kabaddi-Kabaddi’ all the time. If he has to inhale again, he is ‘out’.

The opponents try to catch the raider and stop him from going back to his half till he loses his breath, and has to inhale again. If the raider manages to go back successfully, all the persons he has tagged and all those who have touched him are declared out. For each player declared out, the opposite team scores a point. If all the seven players in a team are ‘out’, the opposite team gets bonus points – a Iona. The team with the maximum points wins the match.

The game of Kabaddi requires good health, muscular strength, strategic skills, a lot of practice and above all, great determination.

Question 2.
Which aspects of the game of Kabaddi is highlighted in this extract?
Answer:
The rules of the game of Kabaddi and the qualities required to excel in this game are title two aspects discussed in this extract.

Question 3.
What should each team do to play the game?
Answer:
To play the game, each team sends ‘raiders’ across the midline to the other team.

Question 4.
What does the raider do?
Answer:
The raider tries to ‘tag’ the opponents and run back to his side, all in one breath.

Question 5.
Why should the raider chant ‘Kabaddi- Kabaddi’ all the time?
Answer:
To show that the raider has not inhaled again, the raider has to chant ‘Kabaddi-Kabaddi’ all the time.

Question 6.
When does the opposite team get bonus points?
Answer:
When all the seven players in a team are ‘out’, the opposite team gets bonus points – a Iona.

Question 7.
Which team wins the match?
Answer:
The team with the maximum points wins the match.

Question 8.
What are the qualities essential to excel at Kabaddi?
Answer:
To excel in the game of Kabaddi one requires good health, muscular strength, strategic skills, a lot of practice and above all, great determination.

Question 9.
The team with the maximum points wins, the match. (State the word class of the underlined word.)
Answer:
maximum – adjective

Question 10.
Do you think sports plays an important role in development? Elaborate.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi, has rightly said: “Education is the all-round development of an individual – body, mind and spirit.”
Sports plays an important role in contributing to our physical fitness apart from developing essential values and virtues.

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
The school sports meet was scheduled next month. (State the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer:
next – adjective

Question 2.
The practice matches had already begun. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
The practice matches had already begun, hadn’t they?

Question 3.
When the match started, all the spectators clapped and boosted the morale of both the teams. (Pick out the action words.)
Answer:
started, clapped, boosted

Question 4.
9A won the toss and sent their raider Govind. (Begin the sentence with, “Winning the toss ……”)
Answer:
Winning the toss, 9A sent their raider Govind.

Question 5.
All the players were literally afraid of him. (Pick out the adverb.)
Answer:
Adverb: literally

Question 6.
Mangesh from 9A was strong. (Form a Wh- question to get the underline word as the answer.)
Answer:
Who was strong?

Question 7.
Kabaddi is an ancient sport. (Pick out the article.)
Answer:
an – article

Question 8.
The team with the maximum points wins the match. (Pick out the collective noun.)
Answer:
team – collective noun

Question 9.
Indian girls and boys have always excelled at Kabaddi. (Pick out the naming words.)
Answer:
girls, boys, Kabaddi – Naming words

Question 10.
One day, you may help win glory for your school. (Pick out the modal and state its function.)
Answer:
may – possibility

Change into the positive degree of comparison.

Question 1.
Kabaddi is the most popular game in this school.
Answer:
No other game is as popular as Kabaddi in this school.

Question 2.
Kevin was the strongest player.
Answer:
No other player was as strong as Kevin.

Question 3.
Kabaddi is more popular than that game.
Answer:
This game is not as popular as Kabaddi.

Question 4.
He is the best Kabaddi player in the school.
Answer:
No other Kabaddi player in the school is as good as he is.

Name of Kabaddi in different parts of the world.

• baibalea – Maldives
• hadudu – Bangladesh
• kabaddi – Denmark
• kabaddi – Kenya
• kabaddi – Spain

Complete the table.

Noun	Adjective	Verb
practice	practical	practise
strength	strong	strengthen
inclusion	inclusive	include
declaration	declarative	declare
strategy	strategic	strategies

Writing Skills

Flow Chart:

Question 1.
Arrange the points in proper order to show how the game of Kabaddi is played. Write the numbers in the blocks.
Answer:

Essay:

Question 1.
Write an essay using the points given below.
What characteristics are needed to be a good player of Kabaddi?
What should we do to develop each of them?
Answer:
A Good Kabaddi Player
Any player requires various characteristics to emerge as a good player. The game of Kabaddi too requires physical and mental fitness. While good health, muscular strength and strategic skills are essential to emerge a winner, also equally important are other traits. Determination, dedication, devotion, consistency in performance and willingness to give one’s best, too are of paramount importance.

We can acquire these skills if we resolve to do our best and give our hundred percent to the game. Right skills, ample practice and the will to excel will help us reach our goal. Watching Kabaddi matches on television, seeking help from experts, finding one’s weak areas and working on them are ways in which we can develop attributes to become a good Kabaddi player.
‘Hardwork is the key to success’ in Kabaddi or any other game.

Let Us Remember:

“The heights which great men,
Reached and kept,
Were not attained by sudden flight,
They, while their companions slept, were toiling upwards in the night.”

Do yoy know?

Kabddi World Cup
The 2016 World Cup, the third standard style Kabbadi World Cup was an international Kabbadi tournament contested from 7th October 2016 to 22nd October 2016 at the Arena, in Ahmedabad. 12 countries had competed in the tournament and 33 matches been played. The tournament was won by India who defeated Iran 38-29 in the Championship Games to win their third Kabbadi world cup.

Kabaddi Match Summary in English

The lesson begins with a School Sports Meet through which the rules and strategies of the game are shared with the reader. The extract also highlights the qualities displayed by the winning team – team spirit, confidence, right strategies, swiftness and suppleness.
The lesson goes on to talk about the rules of the game and ends with qualities essential to excel in this game.

Introduction:

This lesson is about Kabaddi, an outdoor sport which originated in India, and is now popular in many countries of the world.

Glossary:

1. sports meet (n) – an event where sports competitions are held
2. scheduled (v) – planned
3. outstanding (adj) – very good
4. pectators (n) – people who watch a game
5. opponents (n) – ones who compete with another in a game
6. grip (n) – a firm hold
7. literally (adv) – exactly
8. anti-raiders (n) – every player in whose court, raid is being made
9. determination (n) – firmness in purpose
10. cautiously (adv) – in a guarded manner
11. strategies (n) – plans of action to achieve an aim
12. enviable (adj) – sought after
13. ace (adj) – one who excels
14. swiftness (n) – moving with rapid speed
15. suppleness (n) – flexibility
16. inhale (v) – breathe in
17. tagged (v) – to follow someone from one place to another
18. strategic (adj) – useful in achieving a plan
19. resolve (n) – firm decision