Class 6

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Civics Solutions Chapter 2 Diversity in Society

Class 6 Civics Chapter 2 Diversity in Society Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
To live among a variety of communities is to experience
Answer:
oneness

Question 2.
India is an important ______ nation of the world.
Answer:
secular

Question 3.
Cooperation makes ________ in society healthier.
Answer:
interdependence

2. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is meant by cooperation?
Answer:
Cooperation is the process of sharing and helping each other in solving problems and removing difficulties.

Question 2.
Why have we accepted the principle of secularism?
Answer:
We have great linguistic and religious diversity in our country and in order to preserve this diversity in a sound and healthy manner we have adopted the principle of secularism.

3. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences:

Question 1.
What is it that shows the unity in Indian society?
Answer:

• There are many languages, religions, cultures, customs and traditions in the Indian society but despite our differences we are living together for many years.
• This has developed a feeling of oneness amongst us and this oneness has lead to unity in the Indian society.

Question 2.
When do conflicts arise in society?
Answer:

• Disputes and conflicts arise when there is lack of agreement in the opinion, ideas and views of the people.
• Just as there is cooperation in the society, so also at times there can be differences of opinion, disputes and conflicts.
• Prejudices and misconceptions about each other too can also lead to conflicts.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of cooperation?
Answer:

• Cooperation makes interdependence in society healthier and allows inclusion of everybody in the society.
• It is a process of inclusion and of moving ahead, taking along all the sections of society.

Question 4.
You see two children quarrelling. What would you do?
Answer:

• I will explain to the children that quarelling with one another is bad.
• I will advise them to resolve conflicts through understanding and with a spirit of friendship.
• I will explain to them the importance of tolerance.

Question 5.
You are the Chief Minister of the school cabinet. What are the functions you would perform?
Answer:
I would perform the following functions as the chief minister of the school cabinet:

• Maintain discipline and order in school.
• Ensure that the different committee members of the school cabinet are doing their duties well.
• Coordinate with all the ministers to ensure that the day-to-day activities of the school are carried out in an organised manner.

Activities:

• Set up and run a Students’ Cooperative Store in your school, with the help of your teachers. Write about your experiences of this activity.
• Make a chart of all the rules you follow in the school and in your class and display the chart in your class.

Class 6 Civics Chapter 2 Diversity in Society Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Lack of cooperation hampers our ______.
Answer:
progress

Question 2.
______ or _______ about each other can also lead to conflicts.
Answer:
Prejudices, misconception

Question 3.
People find a way to resolve conflicts through _____ and ________.
Answer:
compromise, understanding

Question 4.
Conflicts can end if people make efforts to understand each other and show a spirit of ________.
Answer:
tolerance

Question 5.
An understanding attitude leads to a lot of new __________.
Answer:
learning

Question 6.
The ________ and ________ of every individual in a society are well-defined.
Answer:
responsibilities, duties

Question 7.
Lack of cooperation ________ our progress.
Answer:
hamper

Name the following:

Question 1.
The feeling which leads to unity in Indian Society:
Answer:
Oneness.

Question 2.
Any two aspects wherein diversity is witnessed in India:
Answer:
Language, religion.

Question 3.
The spirit which end conflicts:
Answer:
Tolerance.

Question 4.
Two essential factors which are important for regulation of society:
Answer:
Laws, traditions.

Complete the analogy:

Question 1.
Secularism : religious harmony :: progress : _______.
Answer:
Cooperation

Question 2.
Prejudices or misconceptions : ________ :: compromise and understanding : tolerance.
Answer:
conflidsw

State whether the following statements are true or false giving reason:

Question 1.
The Principle of secularism ensures that there is no discrimination among people on the basis of their religion.
Answer:

• The above statement is true.
• In a secular state the people of all religions are treated equally by the state.
• No religion is recognised as the official religion of the country.

Question 2.
Conflicts can end.
Answer:

• The above statement is true.
• We can resolve conflicts through compromise and understanding.
• Conflicts can end if people make efforts to understand each other and show a spirit of tolerance.

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
When does disputes and conflicts arise among the people?
Answer:
Disputes and conflicts arise when there is lack of agreement in the opinions, ideas and views of the people.

Question 2.
How can conflicts end?
Answer:
Conflicts can end when people make effort to understand each other and show a spirit of tolerance.

Question 3.
How can we perform different roles?
Answer:
Each individual has several roles and responsibilities and duties of every role are well-defined. While playing these roles, we form bonds with many people. However, changes may occur in the part we play.

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences:

Question 1.
How will you ensure that you contribute – towards national unity?
Answer:

• I will ensure that I respect all the people of the country.
• I will develop a secular attitude and work towards national integration.

Give one example to illustrate the following points:

Question 1.
Diversity is our strength.
Answer:
We learn to respect each other’s way of life. We even adopt certain traditions from each other.
This helps to increase the feeling of unity in the society which helps us to face many natural and social calamities together.

Question 2.
We have accepted the principle of secularism.
Answer:

• No religion is recognised as the religion of our country.
• Every person has the freedom to worship as per their religion or the religion of their choice.

Question 3.
There are special provisions in the Constitution for the protection of religious and linguistic minorities.
Answer:

• Minorities are free to protect and preserve their linguistic and cultural identities.
• They are also free to bring about the development of their own communities through education.

Write a short note on:

Question 1.
Diversity – our strength.
Answer:

• To live with different groups is to experience co-existence.
• Co-existence helps to increase the level of understanding amongst the people.
• It acquaints us with each other’s traditions, customs and ways of life.
• We learn to respect each other’s way of life.
• We even adopt certain traditions from others.
• This helps to increase the feeling of unity in the society.
• This social unity helps us to face many natural and social calamities together.

Question 2.
Regulation of society.
Answer:

• In order that society functions smoothly, some rules are required.
• In ancient times society was mostly regulated with the help of traditions.
• But in modern times, along with traditions, laws are needed.
• Law is different from traditions and customs.
• The regulation of society through laws and traditions is carried out by different organizations and institutions.
• The government bodies at the local level also play an important role in the process of regulation of society.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Civics Solutions Chapter 1 Our Life in Society

Class 6 Civics Chapter 1 Our Life in Society Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Man felt the need for ______ for the day to day affairs of society to run smoothly.
Answer:
rules

Question 2.
_______ helps the development of people’s talents.
Answer:
Society

Question 3.
We all have some emotional and some _____ needs too.
Answer:
physical

2. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are the basic needs of man.
Answer:
Food, clothes, shelter, education and health 1 are the basic needs of man.

Question 2.
Whose company do we like?
Answer:
We like the company of our family members, relatives and friends.

Question 3.
What opportunities does society provide us with?
Answer:
Society provides the opportunities for expressing our thoughts and feelings and to develop our artistic and other talents.

3. What do you think? Answer in two or three sentences:

How is a society formed?
Answer:

• A society is formed when people come together to achieve certain common objectives.
• A society includes different groups, institutions and organisations.

Question 2.
Why is it necessary to set up a permanent system in society?
Answer:

• In order to fulfil needs like food, clothing, shelter and security, society has to create a , permanent system.
• Without a system, the day-to-day affairs of the society cannot be carried on.
• A system is essential for the continued existence of the society.

Question 3.
What makes life in society more stable and organised?
Answer:

• A Vast systen needs to be created includes factories to manufacture tools and equipment used for farming, a market for the goods produced, etc.
• The existence of many such systems makes a society stable and organised.

Question 4.
If there were no social institutions what difficulties would we have faced?
Answer:

• If there were no social institutions individual development would not have taken place at the fullest. It would be difficult to meet our physical and emotional needs.
• There would be no social stability or security.

4. What would you do in the following situations?

Question 1.
Your friend has forgotten to bring something he needs in school.
Answer:
First, I would ask him if I could help. I will offer him the things which he needs. If I don’t have it I will inform the teacher and ensure that it reaches him. After all a friend in need is a friend indeed.

Question 2.
You meet a blind or otherwise handicapped person on the way.
Answer:
I will first ask if he needs help and extend a helping hand to him. I will help him cross the road and ensure that he reaches his destination safely.

Activities:

• Meet a skilled tradesman who makes farmers’ tools. Make a list of all those who help the farmer in his work.
• Visit a nearby bank and find out the different purposes for which the bank lends money.
• Make a list of man’s basic needs and some additional needs.

Class 6 Civics Chapter 1 Our Life in Society Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Variety of ______ leads to development of our skills and capabilities.
Answer:
occupations

Question 2.
Our life in society is ______.
Answer:
interdependent

Question 3.
Every person is bom with some qualities and _______.
Answer:
capabilities

Question 4.
Society helps in the development of our ________ capabilities and the power to think.
Answer:
emotional

Question 5.
A society is formed when people come together to achieve certain common ________.
Answer:
objectives

Question 6.
A ________ is essential for continued existence of the society.
Answer:
system

Question 7.
The existence of many systems makes a society _______.
Answer:
stable

Question 8.
Education and health related services and facilities allow us to live with _____.
Answer:
dignity

Question 9.
Our ________ is a part of the society.
Answer:
family

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two physical needs of man:
Answer:
Food, clothing.

Question 2.
The people who provide companionship:
Answer:
Family members, friends.

Question 3.
Two basic needs:
Answer:
Education, health.

Question 4.
Two emotional needs of man:
Answer:
Security, appreciation.

Question 5.
Artists whose talents are developed in the society:
Answer:
Singers/ musicians.

Complete the analogy:

Question 1.
Food : Physical needs :: appreciation : __________.
Answer:
emotional need

Question 2.
Nomadic stage : No stability and security :: settled : ______.
Answer:
organised and security life way of life.

State whether the following statements are true or false giving reasons:

Question 1.
There are rules in society.
Answer:
TRUE

• Living in society, man felt the need for rules to help in the smooth functioning of day-to¬day matters.
• Rules have made our life organised and stable.

Question 2.
A society is a mob or crowd of people.
Answer:
FALSE
A society is formed when people come together to achieve certain common objectives

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
From which stage has man moved into a settled social life?
Answer:
Man has moved from a nomadic stage to a settled social life.

Question 2.
What was one of the main motivations for the creation of society?
Answer:
Man realised that living in a group provides him security and develops an organised way of life and this was one of the main motivation for creation of society.

Question 3.
What did rules give rise to?
Answer:
Rules gave rise to conventions, ethics, values, rules and laws.

Question 4.
Which facilities allow us to live with dignity?
Answer:
Education and health related services and facilities allow us to live with dignity.

Question 5.
In what way does society help us to develop our personality?
Answer:
Society helps in the development of our emotional capabilities and power to think. It also provides the opportunity for expressing our thoughts and feelings.

Answer in two or three sentences:

Question 1.
What would happen in the field of agriculture if there was no system to carry out various activities.
Answer:
(a) Various institutions are created to perform all functions related to agriculture which includes factories to manufacture farming tools and equipments, banks to provide loans to the farmers and a market for the agricultural products.

(b) If the above systems did not exist it would be difficult to carry out agricultural activities.

What would you do in the following situations ?

Question 1.
There is a melodious singer in your society, but he cannot nurture his talent due to lack of funds.
Answer:
I will encourage him to pursue his talent and will inform the elders in the society about his talent and request them to help j him. I can also encourage him to participate in the functions organised by the society and thereby showcase his talent.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Our social life is interdependent.
Answer:

• A variety of industries and occupations help to fulfil our needs.
• This leads to development of our skills and capabilities.
• Our basic needs are fulfilled in society.
• We depend on each other for our emotional’ needs such as security, appreciation, praise, j support, etc.
• Thus our life in society is interdependent.

Question 2.
The variety of occupations in the society help us in fulfilling our needs.
Answer:

• A variety of industries and occupations help us to fulful our needs, for example, we need books for studying and paper for books.
• That is why occupations like manufacturing papery printing books, binding, etc. also develop.
• Thus the variety of occupations in the society. help us in fulfilling our needs.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 5 Religious Trends in Ancient India Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 5 Religious Trends in Ancient India

Class 6 History Chapter 5 Religious Trends in Ancient India Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The principle of ______ is very important in Jainism.
(a) justice
(b) casteism
(c) non-violence
Answer:
(c) non-violence

Question 2.
An extraordinary feature of Gautam Buddha’s personality is his ______ for all living beings.
(a) compassion
(b) satisfaction
(c) anger
Answer:
(a) compassion

2. Answer in short:

Question 1.
What were the teachings of Vardhaman Mahavir?
Answer:
Vardhaman Mahavir taught the people that the greatness of man does not depend on his vama, but on his excellent conduct.

Question 2.
Which famous quotes of Gautam Buddha have you read here? What value does it uphold?
Answer:

• One of the famous quotes of Gautam Buddha is that ‘Even the little quail can chirp freely in her nest’, this quote depicts the values of freedom and equality of his preaching.
• Gautam Buddha preached that like men, women too had the right to their own upliftment.

Question 3.
What virtues are emphasized in Judaism?
Answer:
Judaism emphasizes justice, truth, peace, love, compassion, humility, charity, ethical speech and self-respect.

Question 4.
What are the teachings of Christianity?
Answer:

• According to the teachings of Christianity, we are all brothers and sisters.
• We should love everyone even our enemies.
• We should forgive those who err or go wrong.

Question 5.
What are the teachings of Islam?
Answer:

• The teachings of Islam is that Allah is eternal, absolute, all powerful and merciful.
• The purpose of human existence is to worship Allah.
• The Quran Sharif provides guidance as to how man should behave in life.

Question 6.
What is at the core of Parsee thinking?
Answer:
At the core of Parsee thinking are three main principles of conduct, namely, good thoughts, good words and good deeds.

3. Write notes on:

Question 1.
Aryasatya
Answer:
There are four truths at the root of all human affairs. They are called noble truths or Aryasatyas.

• Dukha (suffering): There is suffering in the world.
• The cause of suffering: There is a cause of suffering
• Dukkha – nivaran: It is possible to end suffering.
• Pratipad: Pratipad means the ‘way’ that leads to the end of suffering.

Question 2.
Panchasheel
Answer:
Gautam Buddha asked people to follow five rules called Panchasheel.

• Stay away from killing animals.
• Stay away from stealing.
• Stay away from unethical conduct.
• Stay away from telling lies.
• Stay away from intoxicants.

4. Put the following in the proper place in the chart of the Five Great Vows and the Three Jewels.

• Ahimsa
• Samyak Darshan
• Satya
• Asteya
• Samyak Jnan
• Aparigraha
• Samyak Charitra
• Brahmacharya

Answer:

Five Great Vows	Three Jewels
(1) Ahimsa	(1) Samyak Darshan
(2) Satya	(2) Samyak Jnan
(3) Asteya	(3) Samyak Charitra
(4) Aparigraha
(5) Brahmacharya

5. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Why was the name ‘Jina’ given to Vardhaman Mahavir?
Answer:
Vardhaman Mahavir was called Jina or the Conqueror because the joy derived from physical comforts and the discomforts felt due to undesired things had no impact whatsoever on him.

Question 2.
Why did Gautam Buddha came to be called the Buddha?
Answer:
Gautam Buddha has attained knowledge of human life in its entirety. That is why he came to be known as the ‘Buddha’.

Activity:

• Collect the information about and the pictures of various festivals.
• Visit the prayer houses of different religions and describe the precincts in the classroom.

Class 6 History Chapter 5 Religious Trends in Ancient India Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
Towards the end of the Vedic period, the minute details of yajna rites acquired ________ importance.
(a) undue
(b) least
(c) much needed
Answer:
(a) undue

Question 2.
A person’s social position was decided by the ______ into which he was born rather than by his achievements.
(a) ashrama
(b) varna
(c) Kula
Answer:
(b) varna

Question 3.
Jainism is one of the ancient _______ in India.
(a) topic
(b) religions
(c) civilization
Answer:
(b) religions

Question 4.
Vardhaman Mahavir is the _______ Tirthankar in the jain religious tradition.
(a) 24th
(b) 25th
(c) 26th
Answer:
(a) 24th

Question 5.
The principle of is very important in Jainism.
(a) justice
(b) casteism
(c) non-violence
Answer:
(c) non-violence

Question 6.
Vardhaman Mahavir was born in ________, a part of Vaishali.
(a) Kundagram
(b) Gaya
(c) Nepal
Answer:
(a) Kundagram

Question 7.
Vardhaman Mahavir left his house and all comforts for the attainment of ______.
(a) non-violence
(b) knowledge
(c) God
Answer:
(b) knowledge

Question 8.
He attained enlightenment after twelve and a half years of rigorous _______.
(a) tapa
(b) exercise
(c) good health
Answer:
(a) tapa

Question 9.
Vardhaman is said to be _______ because he had the resilience, the courage to conquer all passions.
(a) victorious
(b) saint
(c) Mahavir
Answer:
(c) Mahavir

Question 10.
The _______ held by the Tirthankar to preach to people was known as ‘samavasaran’.
(a) procession
(b) meeting
(c) assembly
Answer:
(c) assembly

Question 11.
Among the teachings of Mahavir, Anekantavada is considered to be very _____ in the quest for truth.
(a) honest
(b) important
(c) nice
Answer:
(b) important

Question 12.
In the Vedic tradition, the doors of knowledge had slowly been closed to ________.
(a) women
(b) men
(c) children
Answer:
(a) women

Question 13.
Gautam Buddha was the founder of ________.
(a) Christianity
(b) Buddhism
(c) Zoroastrianism
Answer:
(b) Buddhism

Question 14.
Gautam Buddha delivered his first sermon at _______ near Varanasi.
(a) Harappa
(b) Sarnath
(c) Lumbini
Answer:
(b) Sarnath

Question 15.
Pratipad means the ‘way’ that leads to the end of ________.
(a) suffering
(b) life
(c) preach
Answer:
(a) suffering

Question 16.
Gautam Buddha created a sangha of bhikkhus to ______ his religion.
(a) stretch
(b) reach
(c) preach
Answer:
(c) preach

Question 17.
People of all varnas and castes could _________ Buddhisms.
(a) reject
(b) embrace
(c) obey
Answer:
(b) embrace

Question 18.
An extraordinary feature of Gautam Buddha’s personality is his _______ for all living beings.
(a) compassion
(b) satisfaction
(c) anger
Answer:
(a) compassion

Question 19.
The tolerance preached by Gautam Buddha is a _____ principle not only for the Indian society but for all mankind even today.
(a) strict
(b) guiding
(c) aggressive
Answer:
(b) guiding

Question 20.
In the ancient period, new religious trends and thoughts went on ______ in India.
(a) emerging
(b) submerging
(c) revolting
Answer:
(a) emerging

Question 21.
Religions like Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Zoroastrianism also took ______ in the Indian society.
(a) stem
(b) branches
(c) root
Answer:
(c) root

Question 22.
A Jewish prayer house is known as ________.
(a) Temple
(b) Church
(c) Synagogue
Answer:
(c) Synagogue

Question 23.
_______ is a religion founded by Jesus Christ.
(a) Hinduism
(b) Christianity
(c) Judaism
Answer:
(b) Christianity

Question 24.
According to the teachings of Christianity there is only ______ God.
(a) three
(b) two
(c) one
Answer:
(c) one

Question 25.
The ________ is the holy book of Christianity.
(a) Geeta
(b) Bible
(c) Avesta
Answer:
(b) Bible

Question 26.
A Christian prayer house is known as ______.
(a) Synagogue
(b) Agyari
(c) Church
Answer:
(c) Church

Question 27.
The Quran Sharif provides guidance as to how a man should ______ in life.
(a) behave
(b) sing
(c) evolve
Answer:
(a) behave

Question 28.
Since ancient times there have been ______ relations between India and Arabia.
(a) friendly
(b) trade
(c) unfriendly
Answer:
(b) trade

Question 29.
The prayer house of ________ is known as a mosque or masjid.
(a) Christians
(b) Muslim
(c) Parsees
Answer:
(b) Muslim

Question 30.
The sacred text of the Parsee or Zoroastrians is the _______.
(a) Bible
(b) Quran
(c) Avesta
Answer:
(c) Avesta

Question 31.
The ______ came to India from the Pars or Fars province of Iran.
(a) Parsees
(b) Muslims
(c) Hindus
Answer:
(a) Parsees

Question 32.
Zarathushtra or Zoroaster was the _______ of the Parsees.
(a) priest
(b) founder
(c) follower
Answer:

Question 33.
_______ is the name of the Zoroastrian God.
(a) Allah
(b) Ahur Mazda
(c) Ram
Answer:
(b) Ahur Mazda

Question 34.
The elements of fire and water are very important in the _______ religion.
(a) Zoroastrian
(b) Judaism
(c) Hinduism
Answer:
(a) Zoroastrian

Question 35.
The sacred fire burns in the temples which is known as _______.
(a) Church
(b) Mosque
(c) Agyaris
Answer:
(c) Agyaris

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Vardhaman Mahavir	(a) Buddhism
(2) Gautam Buddha	(b) Synagogue
(3) Jesus Christ	(c) Jainism
(4) Zoroastrianism	(d) Quran Sharif
(5) Judaism	(e) Christianity
(6) Islam	(f) Agyari

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – e
4 – f
5 – b
6 – d

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
How was a person’s social position decided?
Answer:
In the latter vedic period, a person’s social position was decided by the vama into which he was bom rather than by his achievements.

Question 2.
What led to the establishment of new religions?
Answer:
Many people realized that every person is free to find ways of his own upliftment and this led to the establishment of new religions.

Question 3.
Where was Vardhaman Mahavir born?
Answer:
Vardhaman Mahavir was born in Kundagram, a part of Vaishali in the state of Bihar.

Question 4.
After how long did Vardhaman Mahavir attain enlightenment?
Answer:
Vardhaman Mahavir attained enlightenment after twelve and a half years of rigorous tapa.

Question 5.
What did Jainism lay stress on?
Answer:
Jainism laid great stress on good conduct.

Question 6.
How do we know that equality was practised in Jainism?
Answer:
The assembly held by the Tirthankar to preach to people (samavasaran) was based on equality. People of all varnas had entry to it, hence we know that equality was practised in Jainism.

Question 7.
What is Aparigraha?
Answer:
Man tends to accumulate property due to greed. Aparigraha means not hoarding or accumulating anything in this way.

Question 8.
State the quotes of Vardhaman Mahavir that lay emphasis on his teachings.
Answer:
‘Love all living things’, ‘Have mercy and compassion’, and ‘Live and let live’ are quotes that lay emphasis on his teachings.

Question 9.
Where was Gautam Buddha bom?
Answer:
Gautam Buddha was bom at Lumbini in Nepal.

Question 10.
Give the names of Gautam Buddha’s parents.
Answer:
Gautam Buddha’s father’s name was Shuddhodana and mother’s name was Mayadevi.

Question 11.
When did Gautam Buddha recieve enlightenment?
Answer:
On Vaishakha Purnima, when Gautam Buddha was sitting in deep meditation under a pipal tree at Uruvela, near the city of Gaya in Bihar, he attained ‘Bodhi’ – enlightenment or the highest knowledge.

Question 12.
Where did Gautam Buddha deliver his first sermon?
Answer:
Gautam Buddha delivered his first sermon at Samath near Vamasi.

Question 13.
In which language did Gautam Buddha preach?
Answer:
Gautam Buddha preached in the people’s language, Pali.

Question 14.
What does Pratipad mean?
Answer:
Pratipad means the ‘way’ that leads to the end of suffering.

Question 15.
What was extraordinary about Gautam Buddha’s personality?
Answer:
Compassion for all living beings was an extra ordinary feature of his personality.

Question 16.
Which religions took root in Indian society?
Answer:
Religions like Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Zoroastrianism took root in the Indian society.

Question 17.
What is a Jewish prayer house called?
Answer:
A Jewish prayer house is called a synagogue.

Question 18.
Who founded Christianity?
Answer:
Christianity is a religion founded by Jesus Christ.

Question 19.
What is the sacred book of the Christians called?
Answer:
The sacred book of the Christians is called ‘the Bible’.

Question 20.
What is the prayer house of the Christians called?
Answer:
The prayer house of the Christians is called ‘a Church’.

Question 21.
What is the holy book of Islam called?
Answer:
The holy book of Islam is called the Quran Sharif.

Question 22.
What is the prayer house of Islam called?
Answer:
The prayer house of Islam is known as a mosque or masjid.

Question 23.
What is the sacred text of Parsees called?
Answer:
The sacred text of the Parsees is the ‘Avesta’.

Question 24.
Why are the Zoroastrians called Parsees?
Answer:
The Zoroatrians came to India from the Pars or Fars province of Iran, therefore they are called as Parsees.

Question 25.
What is the name of the Zoroastrian God?
Answer:
The Zoroastrian god is called the ‘Ahur Mazda’.

Question 26.
What is the prayer house of the Zoroastrians called?
Answer:
The prayer house of the Zoroastrians is called the Agyari.

Answer in short:

Question 1.
State the principle of Tri-ratnas as taught by Vardhaman Mahavir.
Answer:
Tri-ratnas are the three jewels or the three principles taught by Vardhaman Mahavir.

• Samyak Darshan or Right faith.
• Samyak Jnati or Right knowledge.
• Samyak Charitra or Right conduct.

Question 2.
What is sangha?
Answer:

• Gautam Buddha created a sangha of Bhikkhus and Bhikkhunis to preach his religion.
• These followers where those who gave up their domestic life and entered the sangha.
• They travelled on foot like the Buddha to preach Dhamma to the people.

Question 3.
How did Gautam Buddha explain the concept of equality?
Answer:

• Gautam Buddha announced the freedom based on vama.
• He refused the discrimination based on vama.
• No one is greater or smaller by birth, says Buddha.
• He stressed that greatness depended on one’s behaviour or conduct.

Question 4.
Who came to spread Christianity to India?
Answer:

• St. Thomas, one of the twelve disciples of Christ, came to Kerala in the first century of the Christian era.
• He established a church at Pallayur in Trichur district in 52 CE.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Why is Vardhaman said to be Mahavir?
Answer:
Vardhaman is said to be ‘Mahavir’ because he had the resilience, the courage to conquer all passions.

Question 2.
Why did Mahavir preach in Ardhamagadhi?
Answer:
Mahavir spoke in Ardhamagadhi, a people’s language, to make it easy for the people to understand his preachings.

Question 3.
Why is Buddha’s teachings termed as dhamma-chakka-pavattan?
Answer:
Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath near Varanasi. His teaching in the first sermon are termed dhamma. He set in motion the wheel of dhamma in this sermon. Therefore this event is called dhamma – chakra.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization

Class 6 History Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
How did the civilization get the name Harappa?
Answer:
Archaeological excavation first began in 1921 CE at Harappa in Punjab on the banks of river Ravi. That is how this civilization came to be known as Harappan civilization.

Question 2.
What patterns are seen on the Harappan pots?
Answer:
There are red terra cotta pots with patterns and designs in black colour. The patterns includes fishscales, interlocking circles, pipal leaves, etc.

Question 3.
What cloth did the Harappan traders supply to Egypt?
Answer:
The Harappan traders supplied muslin cloth to Egypt

2. What will you do when you visit an ancient site to obtain more information about it, to conserve it, etc ?

3. Draw a picture of the Great Bath at Mohen-jo-daro.
Answer:

• A spacious bath has been discovered at Mohen-jo-daro.
• The tank in the Great Bath was nearly 2.5 metres deep, 12 metres long and 7 metres wide.
• It was lined with baked bricks to prevent seepage of water.
• There were steps leading down to the tank.
• There was also a provision for draining, cleaning and re-filling the tank at regular intervals.

4. In the following chart, fill in the details regarding human life during the Harappan period.

Major crops	Clothes	Ornaments

Answer:

Major crops	Clothes	Ornaments
Wheat,	Knee length cloth worn by both men and women. Cloth that makes an upper garment.	Gold
Barley	A cloak with a beautiful trefoil, pattern draped across the shoulder.	Copper
Ragi		Precious
Cotton		stone, Shells

5. Answer in one word and frame similar questions. Write their answers:

Question 1.
What stone was used to make the Harappan seals?
Answer:
Steatite

6. On an outline map of the world, show the other civilizations that existed in other parts of the world during the Harappan period.

Activity:

• Prepare an outline map of your school and show the various places like a library, playground, computer room, etc. on the map.
• Prepare a detailed note on the grain storage system used in your family and your locality.

Class 6 History Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Describe the structure of houses in your locality.
Answer:
In my locality (Mumbai) we have building structures and tall skyscrapers. In contrast, we do have hutmen locality with small houses in rows and sometimes chawls that are built upto one storey.(Answers may vary)

Question 2.
Do they have flat roofs or tiled sloping roofs?
Answer:
Houses or buildings in my locality have flat roofs and provisions are made for draining away the rain water. Some of the hutments do have tiled sloping roofs.

Question 3.
What problems regarding health and hygiene will arise if the drains are not covered?
Answer:
If the drains are not covered they will become infested or breeding grounds to mosquitoes, flies, insects, etc. This will directly affect the health of the people living in that vicinity. People will become victim to terrible illnesses, death rate may rise, children and senior citizens will be mostly affected as they have weaker immunity.

Question 4.
Visit a swimming tank in your locality. Observe how the water in the tank is changed. Compare a modem swimming tank to the Harappan Bath.
Answer:
When I went to a nearby swimming pool, I observed that there is a continuous flow of water and excess water filtering system where the water is cleaned. This clean water is then recycled again to be used in the pool. Every week the entire pool water is pumped out. The moss edges and walls of the pool are scrubbled clean with disinfectants.

Fresh water is then added to the pool, with right amount of chlorine tablets. We then have a pool with sparkling water. The Harappahs too, were hygienic as they too had provisions made for draining, cleaning and re-filling the Great Bath.

Class 6 History Chapter 3 The Harappan Civilization Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
Archaeological excavation first began in 1921 CE at Harappa in the Punjab on the banks of river _______.
(a) Tapi
(b) Satluj
(c) Ravi
Answer:
Ravi

Question 2.
Excavations were also carried out at ______ a place about 650 km to the south of Harappa in the Indus valley.
(a) Mohen-jo-daro
(b) Dholavira
(c) Lothal
Answer:
Mohen-jo-daro

Question 3.
There was a striking _______ between the remains of structures and artefacts found at the two places.
(a) beauty
(b) sparks
(c) resemblance
Answer:
resemblance

Question 4.
The houses and other structures in the Harappan civilization were mainly built with ______ bricks.
(a) cooked
(b) baked
(c) fried
Answer:
baked

Question 5.
The houses had rooms built around a ________ courtyard.
(a) lateral
(b) central
(c) forward
Answer:
central

Question 6.
The _______ had covered drains built with bricks.
(a) streets
(b) compounds
(c) schools
Answer:
streets

Question 7.
The streets were ______ and laid out in a grid pattern.
(a) narrow
(b) zig-zag
(c) broad
Answer:
broad

Question 8.
The seals of the Harappan civilization were mainly square-shaped and made from a stone called ______.
(a) steatite
(b) granite
(c) marble
Answer:
steatite

Question 9.
These seals bear pictures of imaginary animals like the ________.
(a) phoenix
(b) unicorn
(c) fairies
Answer:
unicorn

Question 10.
_________ pots of various types and shapes have been found at the excavation sites of Harappan civilization.
(a) Metal
(b) Stone
(c) Earthen
Answer:
Earthen

Question 11.
The Harappan people ______ their dead.
(a) buried
(b) cremated
(c) incinerated
Answer:
buried

Question 12.
The tank in the Great Bath was nearly ________ metres deep.
(a) 12
(b)2.5
(c)7
Answer:
2.5

Question 13.
Great bath was lined with __________ bricks to prevent seepage of water.
(a) unbaked
(b) baked
(c) bunds
Answer:
baked

Question 14.
The Harappan people practised _______.
(a) singing
(c) dancing
(c) agriculture
Answer:
agriculture

Question 15.
The dress of both Harappan men and women consisted of knee length cloth and an _________ garment.
(a) upper
(b) head
(c) shawl
Answer:
upper

Question 16.
Women wore _________ right up to their upper arm.
(a) shawls
(b) flowers
(c) bangles
Answer:
bangles

Question 17.
The Harappan people carried on _________ within India as well as with countries outside.
(a) friendship
(b) trade
(c) enemity
Answer:
trade

Question 18.
The Indus valley was known for its high quality ______.
(a) cotton
(b) crops
(c) pots
Answer:
cotton

Question 19.
_______ was carried on both by land routes and sea routes.
(a) Agriculture
(b) Trade
(c) Industry
Answer:
Trade

Question 20.
A huge ________ has been discoverd at Lothal.
(a) dockyard
(b) fishery
(c) industry
Answer:
dockyard

Question 21.
People migrated to other places leading to the decline of ______.
(a) population
(b) trade
(c) cities
Answer:
cities

Match The following:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Harappan civilization	(a) Built with baked bricks
(2) Houses	(b) Had separate fortification
(3) Streets	(c) Banks of river ravi
(4) Mohen-jo-daro	(d) Had covered drains
(5) Towns	(e) South of Harappa

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – e
5 – b

Question 2.

Column A	Column B
(1) Seals	(a) An imaginary animal carved on seals
(2) Unicorn	(b) High quality cotton
(3) The Great bath	(c) Made of stone called steatite
(4) The Indus Valley	(d) Had provision for draining, cleaning and refilling the tank

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Where was the excavation of Mohen-jo-daro carried out?
Answer:
The excavation of Mohen-jo-daro was carried out about 650 km to the south of Harappa in the Indus valley.

Question 2.
With what were the houses and other structures in Harappan civilization built?
Answer:
The houses and other structures in Harappan civilization were built with baked bricks.

Question 3.
What were the Harappan seals made from?
Answer:
The Harappan seals were made from a stone called steatite.

Question 4.
What were the seals used for?
Answer:
The seals were used as stamps.

Question 5.
Which pictures were depicted on seals?
Answer:
Pictures of animals like bulls, buffaloes, oxen, elephants, rhinos, tigers, unicorn, etc., were depicted on seals.

Question 6.
What occupation did the Harappan practise?
Answer:
The Harappans practised agriculture.

Question 7.
What crops did the Harappans grow?
Answer:
The Harappans grew crops like wheat, barley, ragi, peas, sesame and lentils (masoor).

Question 8.
How did the people in Harappa dress?
Answer:
The dress of both men and women in Harappa consisted of knee length cloth and an upper garment.

Question 9.
What were their ornaments made up of?
Answer:
Their ornaments were made up of gold, copper, precious stones as also shells, cowries, seeds, etc.

Question 10.
What is the Indus valley known for?
Answer:
The Indus valley was known for its high quality cotton.

Question 11.
To which countries was the cotton exported?
Answer:
The cotton was exported to regions like west Asia, southern Europe and Egypt.

Question 12.
Where was the Harappan dockyard discovered?
Answer:
A huge dockyard was discovered at Lothal.

Question 13.
What was the reasons for the decline of the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Frequent floods, invasions by foreign tribes, decline in trade were some of the reasons for the decline of Harappan civilization.

Question 14.
Why did the people migrate to other places?
Answer:
Some regions became arid due to weakening of monsoon, drying up of river basins, earthquakes, changes in sea-level, etc. This led the people to migrate to other places.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Which similar characteristics are seen in all the places of Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Similar characteristics that are seen in all the places of Harappan civilization are town planning, roads, construction of houses, drainage system, seals, pots, toys and burial customs.

Question 2.
Describe the houses built in Harappa.
Answer:

• The houses in Harappa had rooms built around a central courtyard.
• The houses had wells, bathrooms and toilets.

Question 3.
Explain why the drainage system excelled in Harappa.
Answer:

• The Harappans had an excellent drainage system in which baked earthen conduits were used.
• The streets had covered drains built with bricks.
• All these shows great concern regarding public health.

Question 4.
Describe the streets in Harappan town planning.
Answer:

• The streets in Harappan towns were broad and laid out in a grid pattern.
• The streets had covered drains on either sides.

Question 5.
What ritual did the people in Harappa follow for their burial?
Answer:

• The Harappan buried their dead.
• They used to bury earthern pots along with the dead during their burial.

Question 6.
Describe the Great Bath of Mohen-jo-daro.
Answer:

• A spacious bath has been discovered at Mohen-jo-daro.
• The tank in the Great Bath was nearly 2.5 metres deep, 12 metres long and 7 metres wide.
• It was lined with baked bricks to prevent seepage of water.
• There were steps leading down to the tank.
• There was also a provision for draining, cleaning and re-filling the tank at regular intervals.

Question 7.
Describe the statue found at a Harappan site.
Answer:

• A statue found at Harappan site presents an excellent specimen of their art.
• It shows the man’s facial features very clearly.
• A clock with a beautiful trefoil pattern is draped across his shoulder.

Question 8.
Comparison between today’s modem town planning with that of the Harappan periods.
Answer:
Harappan houses were built in rectangular blocks and had excellent roads and drainage system.
In comparison, the older cities in India do not have the Harappan style of town planning. There are places in these older cities where hutmen live in congested areas with open drainages. But today, changes are being made.

Open drainages are being replaced by underground drainage system. Rain water is diverted to avoid floods and hutmen’s areas are getting transformed into tall high-rise buildings. Cities now in India are getting transformed with broad roads, well interstate connecting highways, bridges, railway, metro, airports, etc.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 2 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 2 Sources of History

Class 6 History Chapter 2 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
In the past, what materials were used for writing?
Answer:
In the past, materials like potsherds, unbaked bricks, bark of birch trees and copper plates were used for writing.

Question 2.
What information is obtained from Vedic literature?
Answer:
We come to know of life of man and ancient Indian History from the Vedic literature.

Question 3.
Which literature is preserved by oral tradition?
Answer:
Owis, folk songs, folk tales and similar literature is preserved by oral tradition.

2. Classify the following sources as material, written and oral sources.
Copper-plate, folk tales, pottery, beads, travelogues, owis, inscriptions, Vedic literature, stupa, coin, Puranas

Material sources	Written sources	Oral sources

Answer:

Material sources	Written sources	Oral sources
pottery	copper-plate	folk tales
beads	travelogues	owis
stupa	inscriptions
coins	vedic literatures
	puranas

3. Observe the picture of earthen pots and try to make similar ones.

4. Observe any coin and note the following things.
Answer:

• Inscription on the coin: Picture of Queen Victoria
• Metal used: Gold
• Year of the coin: 1862
• Symbol on the coin: Queen Victoria
• Picture, language, shape, and denomination of the coin: Queen Victoria, English, round, denomination as per size of the coin.

5. Do you know a few things by heart? Present them in your group

Activity:

Collect pictures /photos of material and written sources and exhibit them.

Class 6 History Chapter 2 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
A number of objects used by our ancestors still _____.
(a) exist
(b) diminish
(c) exhausted
Answer:
exist

Question 2.
______ can also be learnt through customs and traditions, folk arts, folk literature as well as historical documents.
(a) Science
(b) History
(c) Astrology
Answer:
History

Question 3.
______ used by human in the past, provide us with valuable information about life in the ancient times.
(a) Clothes
(b) Cows
(c) Artefacts
Answer:
Artefacts

Question 4.
The ornaments and other artefacts throw light on ______ interaction.
(a) political
(b) social
(c) historical
Answer:
social

Question 5.
We get information about the __________ of the people from the remains of foodgrains, seeds and bones of animals found in excavations.
(a) diet
(b) health
(c) illness
Answer:
diet

Question 6.
Artefacts, articles, monuments or their ruins are called the ______ ‘sources’ of history.
(a) oral
(b) written
(c) material
Answer:
material

Question 7.
The Stone Age people have recorded many events and expressed their _______ in paintings on rocks.
(a) emotions
(b) opinion
(c) views
Answer:
emotions

Question 8.
In the beginning, man wrote on potsherds, unbaked bricks using ________ objects.
(a) blunt
(b) pointed
(c) zigzag
Answer:
pointed

Question 9.
Man began to record the _______ that took place around him.
(a) competitions
(b) points
(c) events
Answer:
events

Question 10.
Many rulers had their orders, judicial decisions, donations, etc., inscribed on stone or _______.
(a) gold-plates
(b) copper-plates
(c) press plates
Answer:
copper-plates

Question 11.
________ means writing sheets made from the bark of a birch tree.
(a) Bhurjapatra
(b) Paper
(c) Book
Answer:
Bhurjapatra

Question 12.
Birch trees are found in _______.
(a) Jammu
(b) Delhi
(c) Kashmir
Answer:
Kashmir

Question 13.
We learn about the Stone Age period of Indian history through _____ excavations.
(a) physical
(b) archaeological
(c) astrological
Answer:
archaeological

Question 14.
In the beginning, the vedas were not in the ________ form.
(a) oral
(b) written
(c) material
Answer:
written

Question 15.
The vedas and the post Vedic literature form an ______ source of ancient Indian History.
(a) important
(b) unimportant
(c) written
Answer:
important

Match the following:

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Material (2) Written (3) Oral (4) Pillar inscriptions	(a) Upanishad (b) Folk tales (c) Coins (d) The vedas

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – b
4 – d

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are ‘sources of History’?
Answer:
History can be learnt through customs and traditions, folk arts, folk literature as well as historical documents. All these are known as ‘Sources of History’.

Question 2.
How are artefacts useful?
Answer:
Artefacts are useful as they provide us with valuable information about life in the ancient times.

Question 3.
What are artefacts?
Answer:
Things used by man in his day-to-day life are known as artefacts.

Question 4.
What throws light on the social interaction of ancient man?
Answer:
The ornaments and other artefacts throw light on the social interaction of ancient man.

Question 5.
How do we get information about the diet of the ancient people?
Answer:
We get information about the diet of the ancient people from the remains of foodgrains, seeds and bones of animals found in excavation.

Question 6.
What are ‘material sources’ of History?
Answer:
Artefacts, articles, monuments or their ruins are called the ‘material sources’ of history.

Question 7.
What are copper-plates?
Answer:
Copper plates are actual plates made of copper which the rulers used to inscribe their orders, judicial decisions, donations, etc.

Question 8.
What are ‘oral sources’ of history?
Answer:
Owis, folk songs, folk tales and similar literature that is not written but passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth are oral sources of history.

Question 9.
How were vedas preserved before it was put in written form?
Answer:
Before the vedas were written, the ancient Indian had developed the technique of memorizing and reciting them.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
How did man record events before the art of writing?
Answer:

• The stone age people have recorded many events and expressed their emotions in paintings on rocks
• It was only after thousands of years that man learnt the art of writing.

Question 2.
Write a short note on ‘written sources’ of history.
Answer:

• Man began to record the events that took place around him.
• Over a period of time, many forms of literature developed like books on religious and social subjects, plays, poetry, travelogues and scientific works
• All this literature helps us to understand the history of the various historical periods.
• These sources are known as ‘written sources of history’.

Question 3.
Why should precautions be taken while writing history?
Answer:

• A written document cannot be said to be authentic just because it is old.
• It needs to be examined critically as to who wrote it, why and when it was written
• The conclusions drawn on the basis of various genuine documents have to be cross-checked and corroborated with one another
• Such a critical analysis is very important in the writing of authentic history.

Can you tell?

Structures such as forts, rock-cut caves, stupa etc. are known as material sources of history.
Try to guess what other structures can be called material sources.
Answer:
Coins, potsherd, earthern pot, ornaments or any kind of ancient artefacts can also be called material source.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 7 India during the Maurya Period Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 7 India during the Maurya Period

Class 6 History Chapter 7 India during the Maurya Period Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Why did the satraps begin to fight among themselves?
Answer:
After Alexander’s death, a struggle for power began among the satraps that he had appointed.

Question 2.
Who did Ashoka send to Sri Lanka for the spread of Buddhism?
Answer:
Ashoka sent his own son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka for the spread of Buddhism.

Question 3.
What were the occupations of the people during the Mauryan period?
Answer:
During the Mauryan period, there were many occupations like carving and engraving on ivory, weaving and dyeing cloth and metal work. Black, glazed pottery was produced. Ship building and technology of making articles of iron had also developed.

Question 4.
Which animal engravings are found on the pillars erected by Emperor Ashoka?
Answer:
Excellent carvings of animals like the lion, elephant, bull are found on the pillars erected by Ashoka.

2. Can you explain ?

Question 1.
Satrap
Answer:
When Alexander was forced to return back to Greece, he appointed Greek officers to administer the conquered territories. They were called satraps.

Question 2.
Sudarshan
Answer:
Emperor Chandragupta Maurya built a dam called ‘Sudarshan’ near Junagadh in Gujarat state.

Question 3.
‘Devanampiyo Piyadasi’
Answer:
The name given to Emperor Ashoka which means beloved of the Gods and he who looks on with affection.

Question 4.
Ashtapad
Answer:
The game of chess was called Ashtapad.

3. Recall and describe:

Question 1.
The extent of Chandragupta Maurya’s empire.
Answer:

• Chandragupta Maurya defeated the Nanda dynasty and established his rule in Magadha.
• He won Avanti and Saurashtra and began to extend the boundaries of his empire.
• On defeating Seleucus Nicator he included the north west region of Kabul, Kandahar and Herat in the Mauryan Empire.

Question 2.
The extent of Ashoka’s empire.
Answer:
Ashoka’s empire extended from Afghanistan in the northwest and Nepal in the north to Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in the south, and from Bengal in the east to Saurashtra in the west.

4. Match the following:

Question 1.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Emperor Alexander	(a) Ambassador of Seleucus Nicator
(2) Megasthenes	(b) Emperor of Greece
(3) Emperor Ashoka	(c) Emperor of Rome
	(d) Emperor of Magadha

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d

5. What is your opinion?

Question 1.
Alexander had to turn back.
Answer:

• During the Indian invasion, Alexander’s army had to suffer severe hardships.
• The army was also away from home for a very long time so the soldiers were eager to go back.
• Therefore, they rebelled, against Alexander and he was forced to go back to Greece.

Question 2.
Coins of Greek kings were characteristic.
Answer:

• The Greek kings minted characteristic coins.
•  On one side, the coin had a picture of the king who had minted the coin and on the other side, a picture of a Greek God.
• The name of the king was also written on the coin.
• Alexander’s coins were of the same type.

Question 3.
Emperor Ashoka decided never to wage war again.
Answer:

• Emperor Ashoka decided never to wage war again when he witnessed the bloodshed and devastation caused by Kalinga war.
• Emperor Ashoka had a change of heart and embraced Buddhism.

6. Describe in your own words:

Question 1.
Public welfare works of Emperor Ashoka
Answer:

• Emperor Ashoka laid stress on the creation of facilities for the welfare of the people.
• He made provision for free medicines and medical treatment for people as well as for animals.
• He built many roads.
• He dug wells and built dharmashalas.

Question 2.
Means of entertainment and sport of the Mauryan period.
Answer:

• Different festivals and functions were celebrated in villages and towns.
• Dance and music concerts were a part of entertainment.
• Wrestling bouts and chariot races were popular.
• Board games and chess called Ashtapad was also popular.

Activity:

• Find out about the public welfare activities carried out by the people’s representatives in your area and write in detail about them.
• Read more about the life of Emperor Ashoka and make a presentation based on it in the form of a play.

Class 6 History Chapter 7 India during the Maurya Period Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
Alexander, the Greek emperor, invaded ______ northwestern frontier in 326 BCE.
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Nepal
Answer:
(b) India

Question 2.
Emperor Alexander appointed Greek officers to _______ the conquered territories.
(a) teach
(b) develop
(c) administer
Answer:
(c) administer

Question 3.
Alexander died on his way back to Greece in 323 BCE at ______ .
(a) Babylon
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Nepal
Answer:
(a) Babylon

Question 4.
Alexander’s campaign led to an _______ in trade between India and the western world.
(a) decrease
(b) standstill
(c) increase
Answer:
(c) increase

Question 5.
The _______ who accompanied Alexander introduced India to the western world through their writings.
(a) historians
(b) physicians
(c) musicians
Answer:
(a) historians

Question 6.
Greek _________ sculpture Indian art.
(a) dominated
(b) influenced
(c) crippled
Answer:
(b) influenced

Question 7.
Indian kings started _________ similar coins like the Greeks.
(a) printing
(b) sculpting
(c) minting
Answer:
(c) minting

Question 8.
Chandragupta Maurya founded the __________ Empire.
(a) Gupta
(b) Nanda
(c) Maurya
Answer:
(c) Maurya

Question 9.
After Alexander’s death, a struggle for power began among the _____ he had appointed.
(a) satraps
(b) ministers
(c) ambassadors
Answer:
(a) satraps

Question 10.
Seleucus Nicator was Alexander’s _______.
(a) satrap
(b) general
(c) ambassador
Answer:
(b) general

Question 11.
________ became the king of Babylon after Alexander’s death.
(a) Megasthenes
(b) Chandragupta
(c) Seleucus Nicator
Answer:
(c) Seleucus Nicator

Question 12.
________ , Seleucus Nicator’s ambassador stayed back at Chandragupta Maurya’s court.
(a) Megasthenes
(b) Alexander
(c) Ashoka
Answer:
(a) Megasthenes

Question 13.
Megasthene’s book _______ is an important source for the study of India during the Mauryan period.
(a) Maruti
(b) Indica
(c) Honda
Answer:
(b) Indica

Question 14.
Chandragupta was succeeded by his son ______.
(a) Ashoka
(b) Bindusara
(c) Shishunag
Answer:
(b) Bindusara

Question 15.
After Bindusara’s death, his son _______ succeeded to the throne in 273 BCE.
(a) Ashoka
(b) Chandragupta
(c) Samudragupta
Answer:
(a) Ashoka

Question 16.
Emperor Ashoka _______ Kalinga.
(a) dominated
(b) destroyed
(c) conquered
Answer:
(c) conquered

Question 17.
Ashoka was deeply moved by the, ________ of the Kalinga war.
(a) bloodshed
(b) strength
(c) bravery
Answer:
(a) bloodshed

Question 18.
Ashoka had embraced ________.
(a) Christianity
(b) Buddhism
(c) Islam
Answer:
(b) Buddhism

Question 19.
Ashoka sent his own son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to ______ for the spread of Buddhism.
(a) Nepal
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) China
Answer:
(b) Sri Lanka

Question 20.
Ashoka also _________ many stupas and viharas.
(a) built
(b) painted
(c) destroyed
Answer:
(a) built

Question 21.
Ashoka made provisions for free medicines and medical treatment for people as well as for the _______.
(a) travellers
(b) citizens
(c) animals
Answer:
(c) animals

Question 22.
Ashoka dug wells and built _______.
(a) stupas
(b) caves
(c) dharmashalas
Answer:
(c) dharmashalas

Question 23.
There was a Council of Ministers which advised the king in matters of _______.
(a) administration
(b) war
(c) weather
Answer:
(a) administration

Question 24.
During the Maurya period, _______ production had great importance.
(a) agricultural
(b) machine
(c) glassware
Answer:
(a) agricultural

Question 25.
Dance and music concerts were part of ______.
(a) night life
(b) entertainment
(c) competition
Answer:
(b) entertainment

Question 26.
Chess was called ______.
(a) Ashtapad
(b) Chakra
(c) Satraps
Answer:
(a) Ashtapad

Question 27.
The pillars erected by Ashoka are excellent ________ of the Indian sculpture.
(a) statues
(b) showpiece
(c) specimens
Answer:
(c) specimens

Question 28.
The chakra or wheel on the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has a place of _______ on the Indian national flag.
(a) honour
(b) show
(c) visibility
Answer:
(a) honour

Question 29.
After the decline of Emperor Ashoka, the Mauryan empire began to ______.
(a) expand
(b) decline
(c) incline
Answer:
(b) decline

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Chandragupta Maurya (2) Seleucus Nicator	(a) Conquered Kalinga (b Pataliputra
(3) Emperor Ashoka	(c) Founded the Mauryan empire
(4) Capital of Maurya empire	(d) Honoured on the Indian national flag
(5) Chakra on Ashoka pillar at Samath	(e) Alexander’s Army General

Answer:
1 – c
2 – e
3 – a
4 – b
5 – d

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Who were satraps?
Answer:
As Alexander was forced to return back to Greece, he appointed Greek officers called satraps to administer the conquered territories.

Question 2.
When and where did Emperor Alexander die?
Answer:
Alexander died on the way back to Greece in 323 BCE at Babylon.

Question 3.
What gave rise to the Gandhara school of art?
Answer:
Greek sculpture influenced Indian art, giving rise to Gandhara school of art.

Question 4.
Who founded the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire.

Question 5.
Who was Seleucus Nicator?
Answer:
Seleucus Nicator was Alexander’s general.

Question 6.
Who stayed back at Chandragupta’s court?
Answer:
Megasthenes, Seleucus Nicator’s ambassador stayed back at Chandragupta’s court.

Question 7.
Which book did Megasthenes write?
Answer:
Megasthenes wrote the book ‘Indica’ which is an important source for the study of India during the Mauryan period.

Question 8.
Who succeeded Chandragupta?
Answer:
After Chandragupta renounced the throne, he was succeeded by his son Bindusara.

Question 9.
Who succeeded Bindusara?
Answer:
After Bindusara’s death, his son Ashoka succeeded the throne in 237 BCE.

Question 10.
Which religion did Ashoka embrace?
Answer:
Ashoka embraced Buddhism.

Question 11.
Which was the capital of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
Pataliputra was the capital of the Maurya empire.

Question 12.
When did the Mauryan Empire decline?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire declined after the death of Emperor Ashoka.

Question 13.
Which was the largest empire in ancient India?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire was the largest empire in ancient India.

Question 14.
What is the significance of Ashoka pillar at Sarnath?
Answer:
The chakra or wheel on the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has a place of honour on the Indian national flag.

Answer in short:
Question 1.
How did Alexander invade India?
Answer:

• Alexander invaded India’s northwestern frontier.
• Crossing the Indus river he reached Takshashila.
• On the way he met forceful opposition from the local kings. He defeated them all and successfully reached Punjab.

Question 2.
How was Alexander’s campaign advantageous to India?
Answer:
Alexander’s campaign led to an increase in the trade between India and the western world. The historians who accompanied Alexander introduced India to the western world through their writings.

Question 3.
Describe the Sarnath pillar.
Answer:

• The chakra or wheel on the Sarnath pillar has a place of honour on the Indian national flag.
• The pillar has lions on all four sides but only three are visible from the front.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Ashoka had pillar edicts and stone inscription engraved throughout his kingdom.
Answer:

• Ashoka came to believe that truth, non¬violence, compassion and forgiveness were the important values.
• He wanted to spread these teachings among the common people.
• He, therefore, had pillar edicts and stone inscripitions engraved throughout his kingdom.

Describe the following:

Question 1.
Art and literature during the period of Emperor Ashoka.
Answer:
During the period of Emperor Ashoka, the art of rock cut sculpture was promoted. The pillars erected by Ashoka are excellent specimens of Indian sculpture. There are excellent carvings of animals like the lion, elephant, bull on these pillars. The chakra or wheel on the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has a place of honour on the Indian national flag.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Weather and Climate Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Weather and Climate

Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Weather and Climate Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Who am I?

Question 1.
I keep on changing.
Answer:
Weather.

Question 2.
I am not the same in all places.
Answer:
Climate.

Question 3.
I am the solid state of water droplets.
Answer:
Snow.

Question 4.
I am present in the atmosphere in the form of vapour.
Answer:
Moisture.

B. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why is the climate of Mahabaleshwar cool ?
Answer:
The climate of Mahabaleshwar is cool because it is situated at a high elevation. So, as we move upward from sea-level, the temperature of air decreases.

Question 2.
Why is the climate near the sea humid?
Answer:
The climate near the sea is humid because it contains greater amount of vapour mixed in the air.

Question 3.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Answer:

Weather	Climate
(i) Weather is described on the basis of the conditions prevailing at the given time.	(i) Climate is described on the basis of conditions prevailing over a longer period of time.
(ii) Weather keeps changing frequently and we can experience the change easily.	(ii) Change in the climate takes place over a long ! period of time. These are not percieved easily.

Question 4.
What are the elements of weather?
Answer:
The elements of weather are:

• Temperature
• Air pressure
• Winds
• Moisture and
• Precipitation.

Question 5.
What effects do nearness to the sea and height above mean sea level have on the climate?
Answer:
Nearness to the sea leads to a humid climate whereas height above mean sea level will lead to a cool climate.

C. For the climatic conditions mentioned in the table, name the representative places known to you. (Use an atlas.)

Hot	Death valley
Hot and humid
Cold
Hot and dry
Cold and dry

Answer:

Hot	Death valley
Hot and humid	Amazon
Cold	Greenland
Hot and dry	Sahara desert
Cold and dry	Atacama desert

D. Complete the following table

Weather	Climate
Short-lived condition of the atmosphere
	Does not change quickly
Expressed with respect to a specific place
	Elements of climate: Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation

Answer:

Weather	Climate
Short-lived condition of the atmosphere	Long-lived condition of the atmosphere
Keeps changing	Does not change quickly
Expressed with respect to a specific place	Expressed with respect to a specific region
Elements of weather: Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation	Elements of climate: Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation

Activity:

Understand the climate of your place with the help of your teacher.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Weather and Climate InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

A. The weather conditions of a few places in India are as follows on 10th June. Use the table to answer the questions.

S. No.	Place	State	Time	Weather
(1)	Kochi	Kerala	12.30 pm	Cloudy
(2)	Bhopal	M.P.	12.30 pm	Hot and sunny
(3)	Mussoorie	Uttarakhand	12.30 pm	Cold weather mild sun

Question 1.
In which place will the clothes on a clothesline dry quickly? Why?
Answer:
In Bhopal the clothes on the clothesline will dry quickly. Due to the hot sun the water in the wet clothes get converted into vapour quickly.

Question 2.
In which place will they dry slowly? Why?
Answer:
Clothes will take longer time to dry in Mussoorie because of the medium heat and cold air.

Question 3.
Will the atmospheric conditions at these places always remain the same or will they change?
Answer:
The atmospheric conditions of these places will change from time to time.

B. Which of the following statements are applicable to the conditions that you have experienced today or yesterday at the place where you live?

• It was cold in the morning.
• In the afternoon it become hot and humid.
• It rained suddenly in the afternoon.
• Cool breeze was blowing in the morning.
• Clouds gathered in the evening.
• The night sky was full of stars and a pleasant breeze was blowing.

Answer:
Students have to give answer to this question depending on the weather condition of one particular day where they live.

C. Since childhood you have experienced summers, rainy seasons and winters. On the basis of your experience answer the following questions.

Question 1.
In which months do summer, monsoon season and winter occur in a year from January to December? Show it in a chart.
Answer:

Summer	Rainy season	Winter
February to May	June to September	October to January

Question 2.
Which special clothes do we use if it is raining?
Answer:
If it is raining, we wear a raincoat or carry an umbrella.

Question 3.
When do we use woollen clothes?
Answer:
We wear woollen clothes in winter.

Question 4.
In which season do we mainly use thin cotton clothes?
Answer:
We wear cotton clothes in summer.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which occupation will you practice in cold regions?
Answer:
Occupations practiced in cold region are lumbering and agriculture.

Question 2.
Which occupations will you practice in hot region?
Answer:
Occupations practiced in hot regions are animal husbandry and agriculture.

Observe the following map and write the answer to the question given below it.

Question 1.
An Indian Meteorological Department image of the storm that visited in November 2014 was shown. Tell in which sea the storm was located.
Answer:
Bay of Bengal.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 Weather and Climate Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the right option in the brackets:

Question 1.
Atmospheric conditions prevailing at a place and at a given time is called ______. (wind, weather, climate)
Answer:
weather

Question 2.
The temperature goes on ______ from the equator towards both the poles. (decreasing, increasing, being constant)
Answer:
decreasing

Question 3.
The horizontal movement of air is called ______. (pressure, humidity, wind)
Answer:
wind

Question 4.
_____ is defined by elements such as temperature, wind and humidity. (precipitation, weather, climate)
Answer:
weather

Question 5.
The air that has greater amount of vapour is called _____ air. (dry, hot, humid)
Answer:
humid

Question 6.
The humidity in the atmosphere is called _______. (moisture, oxygen, heat)
Answer:
moisture

Question 7.
The proportion of moisture in the atmosphere depends on ________.(winds, temperature, air pressure)
Answer:
temperature

Question 8.
Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow and their showering on the earth is called ________.(precipitation, wind, climate)
Answer:
precipitation

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

A	B
(1) Winds	(a) hailstorm
(2) Moisture	(b) solar energy
(3) Precipitation	(c) the difference in air pressure
(4) Temperature	(d) vapor
(5) Weather	(e) hot, cool, dry, sultry
	(f) humidity

Answer:
1 – c
2 – d
3 – a
4 – b
5 – e

Name the following statements:

Question 1.
Elements of weather:
Answer:
Temperature, pressure, winds, humidity and precipitation.

Question 2.
Forms of precipitation:
Answer:
Rainfall, snowfall and hailstorm.

Question 3.
Climate is generally expressed as:
Answer:
‘Cool and dry ‘or ‘hot and humid’ or ‘hot and dry’, etc.

Question 4.
Factors influencing climate:
Answer:
Latitudinal position, height above sea level, nearness to ocean and oceanic currents.

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is precipitation?
Answer:
Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow particles, which shower on the earth. This is called as precipitation.

Question 2.
What is called air pressure?
Answer:
Air has weight and as a result it creates pressure. This is called air pressure.

Question 3.
What is wind?
Answer:
Air moving from high pressure towards low pressure areas in a horizontal direction is called wind.

Question 4.
What is called humid air?
Answer:
The atmosphere contains vapour. The air that has greater amount of vapour is called humid air.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
As we move upward from the sea-level, temperature of the air decreases.
Answer:

• The earth’s surface gets heat from the Sun.
• Thus, the surface gets heated.
• The air close to the earth surface starts becoming hot.
• Later, different layers of air at higher elevation receive heat.
• Therefore, as we move upward from sea-level, the temperature of air decreases.

Question 2.
Air pressure decreases with increasing height.
Answer:

• The lowermost layers of air are subjected to the pressure of the upper layers.
• So, the density of the lower layers of air increases.
• There is greater air pressure near the surface of the earth.
• Therefore, air pressure decreases with increasing height.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is known as precipitation?
Answer:
Vapour in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets or snow particles. Their showering on the earth is called precipitation.

Question 2.
What is called moisture?
Answer:
The humidity in the atmosphere is called moisture. The proportion of moisture in the atmosphere depends on the temperature. Air with higher temperature holds a greater amount of moisture.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Energy Resources Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Energy Resources

Class 6 Geography Chapter 9 Energy Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

A. What resource will have to be used for the following work:

Question 1.
Rohan wants to fly a kite.
Answer:
Wind Energy

Question 2.
People in an Adivasi hamlet have to be protected from the cold.
Answer:
Wood

Question 3.
Cooking on a picnic.
Answer:
Wood

Question 4.
Salma wants to iron her clothes.
Answer:
Electricity

Question 5.
Starting a railway-engine.
Answer:
Thermal Energy

Question 6.
Heating water for a bath.
Answer:
Electricity

Question 7.
After sunset, making light available inside the house.
Answer:
Electricity

B. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which energy resources does man use the most? Why?
Answer:
(i) The energy resource we use the most is oil as it has a wide array of uses. It is used as fuel which includes petrol, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, LPG gas, etc.

(ii) It is also used in cosmetics, medicines, paints, lubricants, etc.

Question 2.
Why are energy resources needed?
Answer:

• The demand for energy resources is increasing due to growing population, urbanisation and growing needs of man.
• Energy resources are needed to prepare food, generate electricity, to propel vehicles and for other domestic and industrial needs.
• We engage in various activities to fulfill our needs, for which we need energy from natural resources.
• Our life will come to a standstill without resources like petrol, wind, natural gas, sunlight, besides other resources.

Question 3.
Why do we need to use environment friendly energy resources?
Answer:

• There are many energy resources which are environment-friendly, which are renewable and which aid in harnessing natural processes.
• When we use environment-friendly energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, energy from waste, etc.
• We are contributing towards environment conservation, preservation and protection.
• This will help in reducing the deterioration of environment due to use of non-eco friendly energy resources apart from reducing problems arising from pollution caused due to burning of fossil fuels and biomass energy, climate change, etc.
• Environment-friendly resources will not only lead to sustainable development but also provide energy security which is the need of the hour.

C. Explain the differences using the points in the brackets:
(availability, environment-friendliness,advantages and drawbacks)

Question 1.
Mineral oil and solar energy
Answer:

Points	Mineral oil	Solar energy
Availability	(i) Limited in nature as it does not last perpetually.	(i) Availability depends on the intensity of sunrays and the duration of sunshine.
Environment-friendliness	(i)  It is not environment friendly as its generation leads to pollution. (ii)  Being highly inflammable it may cause damage to the environment.	(i) Being pollution-free this is an environment-friendly source of energy.
Advantages	(i)  Cheap source of energy. (ii)  Aids in thermal and atomic power generation.	(i)  A solution to global warming. (ii)  Cost effective, provides energy security.
Drawbacks	(i)  Pollutes the environment. (ii)  Highly inflammable.	(i)  Solar panels stop producing electricity after sunset. (ii)  Expensive to store this energy.

Question 2.
Hydel power and power from geothermal source
Answer:

Points	Hydel power	Power from geothermal sources
Availability	(i) Obtained from the kinetic energy of running water which is easily available.	(i) Underground heat is utilized to generate power and it is inexhaustible.
Environment-friendliness	(i) Does not cause any degradation of the environment.	(i) It is an exhaustible energy resource that causes minimum pollution.
Advantages	(i) Reuse of water is possible. Easy availability of water in most places. Energy generation is pollution-free.	(i) If used on a large scale and more efficiently it may reduce global warming.
Disadvantages	(i) When water is not available it can’t produce electricity. (ii) Humans, flora, and fauna may lose natural habitat when hydel power plants are set up.	(i) Only a few sites have the potential to establish geothermal power plants. (ii) High installation cost is involved. (iii) The energy generation capacity is too small.

Activity:

Show the power generation centres on an outline map of India. Write about one of them. Supplement the information with pictures.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 9 Energy Resources InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Observe the pictures and answer the questions:


Question 1.
Which energy resource is used in figure 1 to obtain light?
Answer:
Kerosene.

Question 2.
Where does this resource come from?
Answer:
It is found under the land surface and also below the ocean floor.

Question 3.
Figure 2 shows fuel being filled in a motor car. From where was the energy resource brought to the pump?
Answer:
Fuel comes to the pump from petroleum refinery, an industrial process plant where crude oil is being processed and refined.

Question 4.
Figure 3 shows Malati with her pinwheel and her father winnowing grain. Who is helping both of them?
Answer:
Wind energy.

Question 5.
Which energy resource is used for lighting a lamp, running a rickshaw and heating oil as shown in figure 5?
Answer:
LPG is used for lighting a lamp and heating oil and CNG is used for running a rickshaw.

Question 6.
What are the various purposes for which man use sunlight?
Answer:
For growing foodgrains, drying clothes, heating water and cooking food, to generate electricity and for multiple other uses we use sunlight.

Question 7.
For which of the above energy resources do we have to spend money?
Answer:
We have to spend money for mineral oil and natural gas.

Observe the map and answer the questions given below:

Question 1.
Name the states which have coal fields
Answer:
Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Gujarat.

Question 2.
Name the mineral oil field in the Arabian Sea.
Answer:
Mumbai High.

Question 3.
Name two states which have coal fields on a large scale.
Answer:

• Chhattisgarh
• Jharkhand

Question 4.
Which mineral oil fields are located in North¬east India?
Answer:
Makum, Digboi, Naharkatiya, Nunmati, Lakhani.

Question 5.
The reserves of which mineral are found in the Godavari Basin?
Answer:
Coal reserves are found in the Godavari Basin.

Question 6.
Which of the states have mineral reserves in the Godavari basin?
Answer:
Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 7.
Name four hydel power stations in our state.
Answer:
Koyna Hydroelectric project, Jayakwadi Hydroelectric project, Sardar Sarovar Hydroelectric project, Warna Hydroelectric project.

Question 8.
What kind of energy is produced with the help of the devices shown in the photograph?
(Pg. 59 Text Book)

Answer:
Solar Energy is generated.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 9 Energy Resources Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct options:

Question 1.
In ______ it is necessary to bumthe energy resources directly to generate electricity, (geo-thermal power stations, thermal power stations, hydel power stations)
Answer:
thermal power stations

Question 2.
In villages, ______ is used on a large scale for cooking on earthen stoves. (wood, kerosene, liquid petroleum gas)
Answer:
wood

Question 3.
Low quality coal is used for _________ .(industries, thermal power station, cooking)
Answer:
cooking

Question 4.
High quality coal is used in ________.(geo-thermal power stations, thermal power stations, hydel power stations)
geo-thermal power stations

Question 5.
Mineral oil is obtained from under land surface and also ________.(below the ocean floor, on the land surface, decomposed plants and animals)
Answer:
below the ocean floor

Question 6.
Mineral oil reserves are ________ in nature. (limited, unlimited, low)
Answer:
limited

Question 7.
________ oil is in great demand. (Coal, Mineral, Gas)
Answer:
Mineral

Question 8.
Mineral oil is also called _________.(magic oil, priceless treasure, black gold)
Answer:
black gold

Question 9.
__________ originate from the remains of dead plants and animals. (Bio-fuels, Hydel power, Kinetic energy)
Answer:
Bio-fuels

Question 10.
________is used in sailboats. (Solar energy, Wind energy, Geo-thermal energy)
Answer:
Wind energy

Question 11.
For power generation a wind speed of 40 to _______ is required. (90 kmph, 100 kmph, 50 kmph)
Answer:
50 kmph

Question 12.
Intensity of solar energy is the maximum in the ______ zone. (torrid, temperate, frigid)
Answer:
torrid

Question 13.
______ can be used on a large scale in a peninsular country like India. (Tidal energy, Geo-thermal, Wind energy)
Answer:
Tidal energy

Question 14.
Underground heat is utilised to generate _________.(hydel power, tidal energy, geo-thermal energy)
Answer:
geo-thermal energy

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Hydel power	(a) power generated with the help of the speed and force of waves
(2) Atomic energy	(b) power obtained from the kinetic energy of running water
(3) Tidal energy	(c) underground heat is utilised to generate power
(4) Geo-thermal energy	(d) splitting of the atoms of minerals like uranium and thorium
(5) Wind energy	(e) solar energy
	(f) kinetic energy

Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – a
4 – c
5 – f

State whether the following statements are true or false, correct the wrong statement:

Question 1.
All substance-based energy resources are conventional.
Answer:
False. Except for atomic energy, all other resources are conventional.

Question 2.
In the long run, process-based energy resources are environment-friendly.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Kinetic energy can be used to generate power or electricity.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Low quality coal is used in industries.
Answer:
False. Low quality Ooal is used in cooking while high-quality coal is used in industries.

Question 5.
Hydel power is not an environmental-friendly energy resource.
Answer:
False. Hydel power obtained from the kinetic energy of running water does not cause any degradation of the environment so it is environment-friendly.

Question 6.
Solar energy is maximum in the torrid zone.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Tidal energy is pollution free and everlasting.
Answer:
True

Name the following:

Question 1.
Two examples of substance-based energy resources:
Answer:

• Coal
• Mineral oil

Question 2.
Two examples of process based energy resources.
Answer:

• Sun
• Wind

Question 3.
Energy resources which originate from the remains of dead plants and animals:
Answer:
Bio-fuels

Question 4.
Two countries which use atomic energy:
Answer:

• India
• USA

Question 5.
Two hydel power stations of India:
Answer:

• Bhakra-Nangal in the Punjab
• Koyna in Maharashtra

Question 6.
States in India where windmills have been erected:
Answer:

• Maharashtra
• Karnataka

Question 7.
Devices which can be run on solar power:
Answer:

• Lamps
• Heaters

Question 8.
Two places where hot water springs are seen:
Answer:

• Vajreshwari in Maharashtra
• Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
How are energy resources classified?
Answer:
Energy resources can be classified in many ways such as conventional – non-conventional, biotic – abiotic, renewable – non-renewable, substance-based – process-based, etc.

Question 2.
Write any one difference between: Substance-based energy resources and process based energy resources.
Answer:
Generation of substance-based energy resources leads to pollution while that of process based energy resource is pollution free.

Question 3.
Write any one use of kinetic energy.
Answer:
Kinetic energy can be used to generate power or electricity.

Question 4.
How was coal formed?
Answer:
Long ago, plant and animal remains got buried due to earth movements and they were then decomposed due to pressure and heat, leaving behind the element carbon and this is how coal was formed.

Question 5.
Apart from mineral oil what else is found in mineral oil wells?
Answer:
In most of the mineral oil wells, apart from minerals, natural gas is also found.

Question 6.
Which are the biotic waste materials from which biogas is generated?
Answer:
Biogas is generated from biotic waste material such as faeces of animals, dead leaves, shells, etc.

Question 7.
Why have some farmers raised biogas plants in their own yards?
Answer:
Some farmers have raised biogas plants in their own yards to cater to their domestic needs.

Question 8.
Which is the major problem faced by major metropolitan cities?
Answer:
Waste disposal is the major problem faced by major metropolitan cities.

Question 9.
How is wind energy used to generate electricity?
Answer:
Due to speed of the wind, the windmills turn, generating kinetic energy which in turn is further converted into electricity.

Question 10.
What does generation of solar power depend on?
Answer:
The generation of solar power depends on the intensity of sunrays and the duration of sunshine.

Question 11.
Which are the movements of ocean water that go on continuously?
Answer:
Sea waves and tides are the movements of ocean water that go on continuously

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
Several changes took place in the use of energy resources and devices.
Answer:

• We engage in various activities to fulfill our needs, for which we need energy.
• In the past, human labour and animals were used for many tasks.
• Gradually man’s needs increased and with it, several changes took place in the use of energy resource and devices.

Question 2.
The cost of mineral oil is very high.
Answer:

• Mineral oil reserves are limited in nature.
• However, this oil is in great demand. Hence its cost is very high.

Question 3.
Mineral oil is called ‘black gold’.
Answer:
Mineral oil is called ‘black gold’ because it has a blackish colour and it is costly.

Question 4.
In India, there is a lot of scope for using solar energy.
Answer:

• We get light and heat from the sun.
• We have seen that intensity of solar energy is the maximum in the torrid zone.
• India which is in the torrid zone, therefore, has a lot of scope for using solar energy.

Question 5.
Process-based energy resources are environment-friendly.
Answer:
The process-based energy resources cause minimum pollution. So, process-based energy resources are environment-friendly.

Answer in 2-3 sentences:

Question 1.
Energy from waste material can help solve the problem of waste disposal in cities. Explain.
Answer:

• Waste is generated daily on a very large scale in a big metropolitan cities.
• Waste disposal is a major problem in such places.
• This waste can be segregated to use the biotic component to generate gas which can be used to generate power.
• In the future, this may help to solve the problem of waste disposal in cities

Question 2.
Explain the term atomic energy.
Answer:

• Splitting of the atoms of minerals like uranium and thorium can be used for power generation.
• In this process, using very small quantities of minerals, energy can be generated on a very large scale.

Question 3.
How must we use energy resources?
Answer:

• Energy resources must be used very carefully.
• The demand for energy is increasing all the time due to growing population, urbanisation and growing needs of man. ,
• It is necessary to use alternative and non- conventional energy resources to meet these needs.
• It is also necessary to use energy frugally.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Natural Resources Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Natural Resources

Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

A. What is the use of the following resources?

Question 1.
Water
Answer:

• Right from the time we get up in the morning, we keep on using water till we go to bed at night.
• We obtain salt from sea water.
• Plants and aquatic animals like fish also live in water.

Question 2.
Forests
Answer:

• We collect wood from the forest for various purposes.
• In order to fulfill our needs we also obtain products like rubber, resin, fruits, medicinal plants, etc. from forests.
• Forests are the habitat of many animals.

Question 3.
Animals
Answer:

• Man uses animals for a variety of reasons.
• Horses, oxen, camel, asses, etc. are animals employed for ploughing, riding, transporting goods, etc.
• Goats, cows, buffaloes are used as milch animals.
• Animals provide meat, eggs, bone powder, hide, etc.

Question 4.
Minerals
Answer:

• We get different metals and chemicals from minerals.
• Some chemicals are used in preparing different medicines.
• Metallic minerals are used for obtaining different metals such as iron, bauxite, etc.
• Non-metallic minerals are used in obtaining various chemicals like gypsum, rock salt, calcite, etc.

Question 5.
Land.
Answer:

• Living things that are bom on land, grow, live and die on the land itself.
• Land is used for construction as well as trade.

B. Complete the following flow chart:

Answer:

C. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What factors influence the formation of soil?
Answer:
The formation of soil mainly depends on the original rock, climate, organic components, slope of the land and time.

Question 2.
Which products are obtained from forests?
Answer:
We obtain products like wood, rubber, resin, fruits, medicinal plants, etc. from forests.

Question 3.
What are the uses of minerals?
Answer:
Metallic minerals are used for obtaining different metals such as iron, bauxite, etc. and non-metallic minerals are used in obtaining various chemicals like gypsum, rock salt, calcite, etc.

Question 4.
What are the purposes for which land is used?
Answer:

• Living things that are bom on land, grow, live and die on land itself.
• Construction and trade are some other purposes for which land is used.

Question 5.
Why are various living things found on the land in different proportions?
Answer:
Depending on the characteristics of land and climate, various living things are found on land in different proportions.

Activity:

Collect the pictures of and information about the sources of freshwater.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Observe the picture given in figure 8.1. and answer the following question.

Question 1.
What do you see in the pictures?
Answer:
I can see different animals and plants in the given pictuers.

Question 2.
How many of these animals or plants do you know?
Answer:
I know all these animals and plants in the given picture.

Question 3.
Which of these things have you seen in reality?
Answer:
I have seen all the cotton ball, mango and horse in reality.

Question 4.
Have you ever used these things or seen them being used?
Answer:
Yes, I have.

Question 5.
Which of our needs do some of these fulfill?
Answer:

• Horse is used in transportation
•  Mango is a fruit we eat from
• Cotton is used to make cloth.

Question 6.
What probable use of the unused things can you think of?
Answer:

• Octopus can be kept in aquarium
• Lizards can be kept in the gardens to eat tiny insects.

Observe all the figures and discuss them in the class:



Can you tell?

Question 1.
What different activities are the individuals in the pictures engaged in?
Answer:
The different activities that the individuals in ; the pictures are engaged in are: agriculture, ; fishing, collection of honey, drawing water, ! gathering wood, mining, masonry, extraction i of salt, collection of rubber latex, gathering of resin from trees, converting wind into usable energy, transportation by pack animals.

Question 2.
What things will they obtain through these activities?
Answer:
They will obtain foodgrains, fish, honey, water, wood, minerals, house to live, salt, rubber, resin and energy which can be used for various purposes.

Question 3.
What are the animals in the picture doing?
Answer:
While the bullocks are ploughing the fields, j the donkey is used as a pack animal, for transporting heavy loads.

Question 4.
What is the use of the tall device in figure 8.12 raised on the ground?
Answer:
The tall device is a windmill which converts i wind into usable energy through the rotation ; of wheel which are adjustable. The energy thus i created can be used for a variety of purposes I such as generating electricity, grinding grains or spices, pumping water, sawing wood, aerating ponds, etc.

Question 5.
What is being loaded in the truck? What are we going to get from it?
Answer:
is being loaded into a truck from the mining area. We get minerals from the same.

Question 6.
Where are all these human activities being performed other than fishing?
Answer:
All these human activities are being performed on land.

Think a little!

Question 1.
List the various things for which we use water. Identify the things that lead to wastage of water.
Answer:
(a) Use of water.

• For agricultural and industrial purposes.
• For drinking and cooking.
• For personal hygiene.
• For our pets.
• Washing clothes and utensils.
• Cleaning houses, vehicles, etc.
• Watering plants in the garden.

(b) Identify the things that leads to wastage of water.

• When we pollute water.
• When we don’t save water by building dams, water wells and irrigation systems.
• When we waste water by using it excessively in flushes, bathrooms, etc.
• When we don’t use water-efficient faucets (taps), showers, etc.
• When we don’t repair faulty faucets.
• When we don’t close the tap when not required.
• When we use fountains and sprinklers in the gardens.

Question 2.
Name the different metals from which the things in your house are made. Make a chart of things and metals.
Answer:

Things	Metals
Cupboard	Stainless steel
Furniture	Iron
Idols of worship	Bronze
Lantern	Silver
Electrical wiring	Copper
Utensils	Copper and steel

Question 3.
List the occupations carried out on land.
Answer:

• Farming.
• Mining.
• Lumbering (Cutting down of trees).
• Extraction such as salt extraction, etc.
• Construction
• Beekeeping, etc.

Observe figure (Textbook Page no. 48) and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which vegetations do you find in the following location.
Answer:

Latitudes	Vegetation
(1) 90° Pole	Tundra
(2) 0° Equator	Equatorial evergreen
(3) 30°	Tropical Grasslands
(4) 60°	Mixed Forest
(5) 75° – 90°	Coniferous
(6) 15°	Deciduous

Question 2.
In which forest do we find tall trees?
Answer:
Equatorial Evergreen forest.

Question 3.
Name the grassland shown in the picture.
Answer:
Tropical grassland and temperate grassland.

Question 4.
Which vegetation indicate hot deserts?
Answer:
Thorny scrubs

Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Complete the following statements using appropriate options:

Question 1.
_____ is a resource which never depletes. (Air, ‘Water, Animals)
Answer:
Air

Question 2.
Formation of mature soil is a very ______ process. (sudden, fast, slow)
Answer:
slow

Question 3.
Rock is a mixture of ________ (stone, black pebbles, minerals)
Answer:
minerals

Question 4.
The proportion of land on earth is ________%.
Answer:
29.20

Question 5.
_______ are the habitats for many animals. (Grassland, Vegetation,Thorny scrubs)
Answer:
Grassland

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Horses and oxens	(a) used for hauling logs
(2) Cows and buffaloes	(b) transportation of goods
(3) Water available on the earth for use	(c) milk animals
(4) Settlements flourished	(d) 0.003%
	(e) Huang He

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – e

Name the following:

Question 1.
The natural things that man uses:
Answer:
Natural resources.

Question 2.
A resource that is available in plenty:
Answer:
Air.

Question 3.
The basins along which man began to live a settled life in the past:
Answer:

• Huang He
• Sindhu (Indus)
• Nile and Euphrates

Question 4.
Habitats of animals:
Answer:
Forest or grasslands.

Question 5.
Any two products we get from animals:
Answer:

• Meat
• Eggs

Question 6.
Metallic minerals used for obtaining different metals:
Answer:

• Iron
• Bauxite

Question 7.
Non-metallic minerals used in obtaining various chemicals:
Answer:

• Gypsum
• Rock salt
• Calcite

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Why are natural resources invaluable?
Answer:
Most of the natural resources are limited in nature and therefore they are invaluable.

Question 2.
What do we need air for?
Answer:
We need air for various purposes right from breathing to burning.

Question 3.
Why do the farmers plough the soil?
Answer:
The farmers plough the soil to make the land cultivable.

Question 4.
How are plants classified?
Answer:
Plants are broadly classified into grass, shrubs and trees.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
Soil is a very important resource for agriculture.
Answer:

• The farmer ploughs the soil and makes the land cultivable.
• In this cultivable land, he grows various crops and fulfills his own and other’s need for food.
• For this purpose, he uses the ‘soil’ that is naturally available on land as a resource.
• Therefore soil is very important resource of agriculture.

Question 2.
Man began to live a settled life.
Answer:

• Man has successfully experimented with some grasses to obtain food grains.
• This helped him to avoid painful wandering for gathering food.
• Therefore, man began to lead a settled life.

Question 3.
It is necessary to conserve the natural resources.
Answer:

• Every living thing makes use of natural resources according to its need.
• However, man started using many of these resources for himself alone with the help of his intellectual power.
• Later, the increase in population and the greed of humans led to exploitative use of resources.
• This began to upset the balance in nature.
• So, it is necessary that man also must use the natural resources only according to his need, that is judiciously and thus conserve the natural resources.

Question 4.
Land is an invaluable resource.
Answer:

• All the activities of obtaining natural resources are being carried out on land.
• Land obtained at strategic location is used for construction as well as trade.
• Hence, land is an invaluable resource.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Why are various living things found on the land in different proportions?
Answer:
Depending on the characteristics of land and climate, various living things are found on land in different proportions.

Question 2.
Which are the various geographical conditions which all living things try to adapt to?
Answer:
All living things try to adapt to various geographical conditions like rocky terrain, steep slopes, flat plains, mountainous regions, forest-covered areas, river basin, etc.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types

Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types Textbook Questions and Answers

B. Which of the following monuments are built in igneous rock?
(1) The Taj Mahal
(2) Fort Raigad
(3) The Red Fort
(4) Ellora Sculpture
Answer:
Ellora Sculpture

C. Find the differences between:

Question 1.
Igneous and sedimentary rocks
Answer:

Igneous rocks	Sedimentary rocks
(i) Igneous rocks are rocks formed by cooling and solidifying of molten materials. (ii) Igneous rocks are hard and homogeneous. (iii)  Examples: Basalt, pumice	(i) Rocks that are formed through deposition and compaction of sediments, especially rock particles transported by rivers, glaciers, wind, etc., are called sedimentary rocks. (ii) Sedimentary rocks are generally brittle and light weight. (iii) Examples: Sandstone, limestone, shale, corals

Question 2.
Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
Answer:

Sedimentary rocks	Metamorphic rocks
(i) Rocks that are formed through deposition and compaction of sediments, especially rock particles transported by rivers, glaciers, wind, etc., are called sedimentary rocks.	(i) Rocks are formed due to the process of metamorphosis are called metamorphic rocks.
(ii) One may find fossils in sedimentary rocks. (iii) Sedimentary rocks are brittle and light weight. Examples: Shale, corals	(ii) Metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils. (iii) Metamorphic rocks are heavy and hard. Examples: Marble, slate

Question 3.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks
Answer:

igneous rocks	Metamorphic rocks
(i) Igneous rocks are rocks formed by cooling and solidifying of molten material. (ii) Igneous rocks are hard and homogeneous. (iii) Examples: Basalt, pumice	(i) Rocks formed due to the process of metamorphosis are called metamorphic rocks. (ii) Metamorphic rocks are heavy and hard. (iii) Examples: Gneiss, slate

D. Which types of rocks are predominantly found at the following locations?
(1) Central Maharashtra
(2) South Konkan
(3) Vidarbha
Answer:

Locations	Types of rocks
(1) Central Maharashtra	(a) Basalt
(2) South Konkan	(b) Laterite and granite
(3) Vidharbha	(c) Basalt, granite and sedimentary rocks

Activity:

Collect rock specimens from your surroundings and also during your travels. Classify them with the help of your teacher. Make a small museum of rocks for your school and place your specimens there. Keep a note of the place from where you have collected them. (See a specimen
display on page 65.)

Visit the historical sites in your surroundings, e.g., hill forts, masonry dams, land forts, bastions, wadas, temples, mosques, etc. and observe with the help of your teacher, the rock used for their construction.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types InText Questions and Answers

Do it yourself!

From the hills, river-beds or the land in your vicinity, collect rock specimens of different types, shapes, colours, etc. Observe the rock specimens and note down the following.

Question 1.
Place where the rock was found:
Answer:
Sahyadri mountain (Basalt)

Question 2.
Colours of the rock:
Answer:
Dark-black colour.

Question 3.
Spots on the rock and their colour:
Answer:
Dark grey to black.

Question 4.
Weight of the rock (estimated, heavy/light):
Answer:
Heavy.

Question 5.
Hardness of the rock, (hard/ brittle/medium):
Answer:
Hard.

Question 6.
Structure of the rock, (uniform grains/layers/ hollowness):
Answer:
Uniform grains.

Question 7.
Porosity of the rock, (porous/non-porous):
Answer:
Non-porous.

Observe the pictures given below and answer the questions:


Question 1.
What is the hill in ‘A’ made up of?
Answer:
Hill in ‘A’ is made up of soils and rocks.

Question 2.
What is being done in B’?
Answer:
In ’B’, the process of digging is shown. The land is dug and the rocks and soil that is extracted is loaded in to a truck.

Question 3.
What do we see in ‘C’?
Answer:
In ‘C’ we see pebbles and rocks of different types, shapes, colours, etc.

Question 4.
Is there any relationship between the three things shown above?
Answer:
Yes, these are all pictures of naturally occurring processes on land leading to rock and soil formation.

Question 5.
For what purpose do we use the things shown in A and C?
Answer:
We use things shown in A and C for construction purposes; coloured pebbles are used for decoration.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
What rock was used for building the forts in Maharashtra? Why?
Answer:
Igneous rocks were used for building the forts in Maharashtra as they are hard, homogeneous and heavy.

Question 2.
Find the meaning of this line from a famous Marathi poem:
राकट देशा, कणखर देशा. दगडांच्या देशा
Answer:
The poet through this line conveys the message that our land is made up of hard rocks. We are a powerful entity and nothing can pose a threat to our Motherland. We can understand all odds.

Similarly like our terrains which are strong, the people of our country are also strong and invincible, incapable of being conquered.
We have imbibed the value of resilience and courage and the ability to withstand all challenges from our terrain.

What will you do?

Ajit is interested in sculpting. He wants to prepare a sculpture of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.
He cannot decide which rock he should use for this, igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic? What will be your advice?
Answer:
I would advise him to use a metamorphic rock like marble. Due to the translucent nature of the marble, it will give the sculpture a glow. Properties like softness and easy availability makes the metamorphic rock, marble an ideal choice. These rocks are heavy and hard. Hence, they are ideal for making sculptures.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Rocks and Rock Types Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct options from the bracket:

Question 1.
Rocks are a mixture of different minerals formed by natural processes in the _____. (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere)
Answer:
lithosphere

Question 2.
There are ______ types of rocks according to their formation process. (four, three, five)
Answer:
three

Question 3.
When the molten material, known as magma within the crust and lava on the surface, cools down, it solidifies giving rise to ____ rocks. (Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic)
Answer:
Igneous

Question 4.
We get fossils in ______ rocks. (Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic)
Answer:
Sedimentary

Question 5.
The Maharashtra plateau and the Sahyadris are formed out of _______ rocks. (Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic)
Answer:
Igneous

Question 6.
______ is a major example of igneous rocks. (Shale, Basalt, Corals)
Answer:
Basalt

Question 7.
Water percolating through rocks dissolves the soluble minerals leading to ________ of rocks, (weathering, compaction, increased porosity)
Answer:
weathering

Question 8.
_______ is a sedimentary rock. (Basalt, Sandstone, Pumice)
Answer:
Sandstone

Question 9.
The study of _______ provide information about life in that period. (metamorphosedrocks, Igneous rocks, fossils)
Answer:
fossils

Question 10.
_______ gets metamorphosed when it undergoes heavy pressure, and intense heat. (Coal,,Peat, Silica)
Answer:
Coal

Question 11.
_______ rock is found in the eastern parts and in South Konkap. (Granite,.Marble,Pumice)
Answer:
Granite

Question 12.
________ activity is concentrated in South Konkan and eastern Maharashtra. (Fishing, Mining, Construction)
Answer:
Mining

Question 13.
_____ is referred to as primary rocks. (Igneous rock, Sedimentary rock, Metamorphic rocks)
Answer:
Igneous rock

Question 14.
________ is a major example of igneous rock. (Basalt, Pumice, Sedimentary)
Answer:
Basalt

Question 15.
______ rocks are ‘formed due to compaction of material. (Metamorphic, Sedimentary, Igneous)
Answer:
Sedimentary

Question 16.
_________ rocks are heavy and hard. (Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Igneous)
Answer:
Metamorphic

Question 17.
When coal gets metamorphosed into ______ , its price increases. (garnet, diamond, opal)
Answer:
diamond

Question 18.
______ is found in South Konkan Maharashtra. (Granite, Laterite, Basalt)
Answer:
Laterite

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Igneous rocks	(a) brittle and light weight
(2) Sedimentary rocks	(b) heavy and hard
(3) Metamorphic rocks	(c) hard and homogeneous

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – b

Complete the tabular form:

Original Rock	Metamorphosed Rock
Granite	_________
Basalt	__________
_________	Marble
Coal	___________
Sand Stone	__________
_________	Slate

Answer:

Original Rock	Metamorphosed Rock
Granite	Gneiss
Basalt	Amphibolite
Limestone	Marble
Coal	Diamond
Sand Stone	Quartizte
Shale	Slate

Name the following:

Question 1.
Two major rock-forming minerals:
Answer:
Silica, aluminium.

Question 2.
Hard and homogeneous rocks:
Answer:
Igneous rocks.

Question 3.
Two sedimentary rocks:
Answer:
Shale, corals.

Question 4.
Rocks which does not contain fossils:
Answer:
Metamorphic and Igneous rock

Question 5.
One use of diamonds:
Answer:
Ornament making.

Question 6.
One activity which leads to increased pressure and heat in that region:
Answer:
Volcanic eruption.

Question 7.
Rock found in South Konkan:
Answer:
Laterite.

Question 8.
Rocks that formed by metamorphosis:
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks.

Question 9.
Two metamorphosised rocks:
Answer:
Marble, Slate.

Question 10.
Two igneous rocks:
Answer:
Granite and Basalt.

State whether the following statements are true or false:

Question 1.
The properties of rocks depend on their constituent minerals and their proportion alone.
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
Silica is a rock forming mineral.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
One may find fossils in Igneous rocks.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Weathering of rocks leads to its disintegration or decomposition.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Sedimentary rocks are hard and homogeneous.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Maharashtra has large reserves of mineral wealth.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
The Maharashtra plateau and the Sahyadris are formed out of igneous rocks.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Most of the hill forts in Maharashtra do not have lakes or elephant yards.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
One can easily see layers in the sedimentary rocks.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
Sedimentary rocks are generally heavy weight.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
Metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Metamorphic rocks are brittle and lightweight.
Answer:
false

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
What are rocks?
Answer:
Rocks are a mixture of different minerals formed by natural processes in the lithosphere. Rocks are found on land surface and also below it.

Question 2.
What do the properties of rocks depend on?
Answer:
The properties of rocks depend on the constituent minerals and their proportion as well as on the formation process. Silica, aluminium, magnesium and iron are the major rock-forming minerals.

Question 3.
What are the three types of rocks?
Answer:
Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks and Metamorphic rocks are the three types of rocks.

Question 4.
What are Igneous Rocks?
Answer:
When the molten material, known as magma within the crust and lava on the surface cools down, it solidifies giving rise to igneous rocks.

Question 5.
What information does the study of fossils provide?
Answer:
Study of fossils provide information about the life in the olden period.

Question 6.
Write any two characteristics of metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks are heavy and hard.

Question 7.
When does coal get metamorphosed?
Answer:
When coal undergoes heavy pressure and intense heat it gets metamorphosed.

Question 8.
When does the price of coal increase?
Answer:
The price of coal increases when it gets metamorphosed into diamonds.

Question 9.
What is referred to as primary rocks?
Answer:
Rocks are formed out of the material from the interior of the earth, these are referred to as primary rocks.

Question 10.
What is called fossils?
Answer:
The buried remains of dead animals or plants embedded in the rocks and preserved petrified form are called fossils.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
Igneous rocks are also referred to as primary rocks.
Answer:
As Igneous rocks are formed out of the material from the interior of the earth, these rocks are also referred to as primary rocks.

Question 2.
Most of the hill forts in Maharashtra have lakes or elephant yards.
Answer:
(i) Hillforts in Maharashtra are old quarry sites from which stone or other materials have been extracted for the construction of the fort and other buildings.

(ii) In the pits and dugouts left behind after rock extraction, water was allowed to accumulate and these lakes, banks, etc., were created.

(iii) Therefore, most of the hill forts in Maharashtra have lakes or elephant yards.

Question 3.
Weathering of rocks occurs.
Answer:

• Due to continuous variations in temperature, rocks develop cracks.
• Similarly, the water percolating through rocks dissolves the soluble minerals.
• This leads to the weathering of rocks.

Question 4.
One may find fossils in sedimentary rocks.
Answer:

• One can easily see layers in sedimentary rocks.
• While layers are getting deposited, the remains of the dead animals or plants get buried in these layers at times.
• Therefore, one may find fossils in sedimentary rocks.

Question 5.
Changes in nature, as well as the chemical composition of the original rocks, is witnessed.
Answer:

• Volcanic activity and other earth movements constantly take place on the earth.
• While these are occurring, the igneous and sedimentary rocks in that region are subjected to tremendous pressure and heat.
• This leads to changes in nature as well as the chemical composition of the original rocks.

Question 6.
Maharashtra does not have a large reserve of mineral wealth.
Answer:
Maharashtra does not have a large reserve of mineral wealth due to the thick and extensive layers of basalt rocks.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
What leads to the development of sedimentary rocks?
Answer:

• Due to continuous variations in the temperature, rocks develop cracks.
• Similarly, the water percolating through rocks dissolves the soluble minerals leading to the weathering of rocks.
• They get disintegrated or decomposed i.e. reduced to pieces.
• These rock particles get transported by rivers, glaciers, wind, etc. towards low lying area and are deposited there.
• One after the other, layers of sediments gets deposited in this way.
• The upper layers exert heavy pressure on the lower layers.
• This leads to compaction of materials and development of sedimentary rocks.

Question 2.
How are Metamorphic rocks formed?
Answer:

• Volcanic activity and other earth movements | constantly take place on the earth.
• While these are occurring, the igneous or sedimentary rocks in that region are subjected to tremendous pressure and heat.
• This leads to changes in the nature as well as the chemical composition of original rocks.
• The crystals in the original rock gets recrystalized, the rock gets metamorphosed.
• The rocks formed through such a process are ! called Metamorphic rocks.

Question 3.
How is sand that flows in a river formed? Collect some information about where the sand comes from.
Answer:

• Moving streams are so powerful that it can wear away soil rocks.
• Rocks on higher land get eroded due to the strong current of the streams and they in turn get carried away into the sea.
• Silt too is brought down from the mountain top from where the streams originate.
• Most of the sand in the river is silt carried by the streams and the weather material from inland rocks transported by the streams.
• The moving of soil and rock with the stream, termed as erosion can be summed up as the cause of sand formation in a river.