Class 5

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 English Solutions Chapter 12 Count your Garden Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 English Solutions Chapter 12 Count your Garden

English Balbharati Std 5 Digest Chapter 12 Count your Garden Textbook Questions and Answers

1. The following things are mentioned in the poem. Classify them as happy and sad things.
flowers – falling leaves

• golden hours – clouds
• stars – shadows
• smiles – tears
• friends in your life – passing years.

Question 1.
The following things are mentioned in the poem. Classify them as happy and sad things.
Answer:

Happy things	Sad things
1. flowers	1. falling leaves
2. golden hours	2. clouds
3. stars	3. shadows
4. smiles	4. tears
5. friends in your life	5. passing years

2. Name a few other things that people often count. (At least 5.)

Question 1.
Name a few other things that people often count. (At least 5.)
Answer:

1. Parents’ help
2. Teacher’s guidance
3. Loyal friends
4. Our inner strength (confidence)
5. Faith in God.

3. Group Work

Question 1.
Discuss how you will measure the worth of –

• a book
• a sports event
• a friend
• a journey.

Answer:
1. A book:
Answer:
A book is a storehouse of information. It helps us to know the meanings of difficult words. It tells us interesting things and provides us happiness. It is an ideal companion/friend especially when we are lonely. A book’s worth can be measured on the basis of the
knowledge it has and the joy it provides

2. A sports event:
Answer:
A sports event provides us different/varied experiences. It sometimes brings forth our competitive spirit. We witness joy in victory and sorrow in loss. We learn to be humble in victory and take defeat with a smile. We learn to give our best. The worth of a sports event can be measured by the enjoyment it provides and the lessons it imparts.

3. A friend:
Answer:
A friend is a gift from God. Someone who is
by our side through happy and sad times, through our smiles and tears. A friend’s worth can be measured when he/ . she displays the values of love and care and never leaves our side when we are in distress
and helps us in every way he/she can.

4. A journey:
Answer:
A journey can teach us so much. As we travel, we see various sights and scenes which encourages to think, learn and understand… A journey is worth the effort if it is interesting, educative and enriching.

You may find the following pairs useful in your discussion.

difficult words – interesting things/knowledge
defeats – enjoyment
quarrels – sharing feelings and thoughts, problems
obstacles – learning new things, seeing new sights.

English Balbharati Std 5 Answers Chapter 12 Count your Garden Additional Important Questions and Answers

Activity :

Complete the web diagram using

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram using
(a) naming words i.e., nouns from the poem
(b) words associated with emotions
Answer:
a.

b.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following poem and answer the questions given below:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(a) Count your garden ………….
(b) Count your life by …………….
Answer:
(a) by the flowers
(b) smiles, not tears

Question 2.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is that we should learn to look at the brighter side of life and always count our blessings,

Question 3.
According to the poet, how should we count our garden?
Answer:
According to the poet, we should count our garden by the flowers in it.

Question 4.
What should we not remember at all?
Answer:
We should not remember the dark clouds at all.

Question 5.
What should we do joyfully on every birthday?
Answer:
On every birthday, we should joyfully count our age by friends and not by the years that pass.

Question 6.
Explain the line: Count your life by smiles, not tears.
Answer:
The above line means that there will be happy times and sad times in our lives. We should count our blessings by the happy times and not those which moved us to tears.

Question 7.
Match the rhyming words:

1. flowers	a. all
2. tall	b. hours
3. tears	c. shadows
	d. years

Answer:

1. flowers	b. hours
2. tall	a. all
3. tears	d. years

Question 8.
Give another title to the poem.
Answer:
‘Count your blessings’.

Question 9.
How do you react when you are disappointed?
Answer:
When I am disappointed, I think of the times when things were good. I speak to my parents and share my problems with them. I try to smile and face the situation bravely.

Writing Skills :

Question 1.
Your friend is disappointed that he/she is not selected in the school sports team for an inter-school competition. Write a letter to motivate her/him.
Answer:

A/1 Delta,
90 Feet Road,
Ghatkopar (W),
Mumbai – 400 086
2nd July, 2015

Dear Ram/Rama,

We haven’t written to each other for a long time. How are you doing? Hope you are fine. Aunty told me that you are upset that you were not selected in the school cricket team. Remember my friend, small disappointments are just that, ‘small’. We should not get upset about little things.

Why don’t you look at the brighter side? The match schedule is clashing with the school picnic. Imagine the fun we will have at the picnic. You can utilize the time to work on your game too. Take help from experts if need be, so that the next time you cannot be ignored by anyone.

So cheer up and smile. Count your blessings.
Be happy always my friend.
Give my love and regards to all at home.

Yours lovingly,
XYZ.

Count your Garden Summary in English

Summary :

‘Count your Garden’ is a beautiful poem which inspires us to look at the brighter side of life and be happy instead of looking at anything negative and regretting or feeling sorry for the same and at the same delve time not dwelling in the past. The poet has explained this by giving some beautiful examples.

The poet encourages us to count our garden by the beauty of the flowers and not by the falling leaves. In our life, there are happy moments and sad moments. The happy moments (golden hours) should be cherished while the unhappy moments should not be remembered at all.

At night, we must admire the starry sky and not the shadows on the ground. We should count our life by the moments which brought a smile on our face and not those w to tears. The poet finally says that on our birthday, we should not count our age by the passing years but the number of friends we have. We should learn to count our blessings and be grateful for all the good things we are blessed with and consider ourselves lucky for having what we have.

Meanings :

1. golden hours (phr) – happy moments
2. shadows (n) – gloom/something producing unhappiness

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 12 बचत Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions Chapter 12 बचत

5th Standard Hindi Digest Chapter 12 बचत Textbook Questions and Answers

1. सोच समझकर दैनिक उपयोग करो:

प्रश्न 1.
सोच समझकर दैनिक उपयोग करो:

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions Chapter 12 बचत Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
क्या आपके घर में बिना ज़रूरत के भी बिजली पंखा चलता रहता है?
उत्तरः
नहीं।

प्रश्न 2.
क्या आपने भोजन बर्बाद होते हुए देखा है ? कहाँ ?
उत्तरः
हाँ! शादी, उत्सव, मेला इत्यादि स्थानों पर।

प्रश्न 3.
क्या आप दाँत साफ करते समय नल खुला छोड़ देते
उत्तरः
नहीं।

प्रश्न 4.
क्या आप कभी अपनी कॉपी के पन्ने फाड़ते हैं? क्यों?
उत्तरः
नहीं, क्योंकि हमें कॉपी की बचत करनी चाहिए।

प्रश्न 5.
क्या आप पैसे जमा करते हैं? यदि हाँ, तो उसे कहाँ रखते हैं?
उत्तर:
हाँ, गुल्लक में।

प्रश्न 6.
पानी की बचत कैसे कर सकते हैं? कोई दो उपाय बताइए?
उत्तरः
1. जब आवश्यकता न हो तो नल बंद कर देना चाहिए।
2. बोतल में बचे हुए पानी को फेंकने की बजाय पेड़- पौधों में डाल देना चाहिए।

सही विकल्प के सामने ✓ और गलत के सामने ✗ का निशान लगाइए:

प्रश्न 1.
आपकी कॉपी में लिखते हुए गलती हो गई तो ……………………
(क) पन्ना फाड़कर फेंक देंगे।
(ख) गलत शब्द काटकर, आगे लिखेंगे।
उत्तरः
गलत शब्द काटकर, आगे लिखेंगे।

प्रश्न 2.
आपको रूमाल धोने के लिए कहा जाए तो ……………….
(क) एक बाल्टी पानी का उपयोग करेंगे।
(ख) दो मग पानी में धुल जाएगा।
उत्तरः
दो मग पानी में धुल जाएगा।

प्रश्न 3.
आपका घर ऐसे स्थान पर है, जहाँ पर प्राकृतिक हवा खूब अच्छी बहती है तो …………………
(क) खिड़की दरवाज़े खुले रखकर पंखा बंद रखेंगे।
(ख) खिड़की दरवाज़े बंद करके पंखा चलाएँगे।
उत्तरः
खिड़की दरवाजे खुले रखकर पंखा बंद रखेंगे।

प्रश्न 4.
यदि आपके पास पैसे आते हैं तो ………………
(क) आप अपनी मनपसंद चीज़ खरीदेंगे।
(ख) अपनी गुल्लक में डालेंगे।
उत्तरः
अपनी गुल्लक में डालेंगे।

प्रश्न 5.
आप अभ्यास – कक्ष में पढ़ने के लिए ………………..
(क) टेबल-लैंप का प्रयोग करेंगे।
(ख) ट्यूब लाइट का प्रयोग करेंगे।
उत्तरः
टेबल-लैंप का प्रयोग करेंगे।

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियों के लिए दो चित्र दिए गए हैं, अनुचित चित्रों पर × का निशान बनाइए:
1. कार धोने के लिए

2. एक जगह से दूसरी जगह जाने के लिए

3. खाना खाते समय बच जाने पर

4. स्कूल से लौटते समय बोतल में पानी बच जाने पर

उत्तरः

1. बाल्टी और मग
2. साइकिल
3. कुत्ता
4. गमला

एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिए:

प्रश्न 1.
अनाज की बचत कैसे कर सकते हैं?
उत्तर:
जितनी ज़रूरत हो, उतना ही खाना परोसें। बचे हुए खाने को गरीबों में बाँटा जा सकता है।

प्रश्न 2.
अन्न कौन उगाता है? और कहाँ ?
उत्तर:
अन्न किसान खेतों में उगाता है।

प्रश्न 3.
घर में पानी की बचत कैसे हो सकती है?
उत्तर:
दाल, सब्जी, चावल धोने के बाद निकला पानी पौधों में डालने से पानी की बचत कर सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
पानी का उपयोग कहाँ होता है?
उत्तर:
पीने, कपड़े धोने, नहाने और खाना पकाने में पानी का उपयोग होता है।

प्रश्न 5.
अगर पानी न हो तो क्या होगा?
उत्तर:
जीवन मुश्किलों से भर जाएगा।

प्रश्न 6.
पैसों की बचत कैसे होगी?
उत्तर:
बच्चों, अपनी जेब खर्च से कुछ रुपये रोज़ बचाकर गुल्लक में डालकर पैसों की बचत कर सकते हैं। फिजूल खर्च कम करके पैसे बचाए जा सकते हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
कागज़ के क्या उपयोग हैं?
उत्तर:
कागज़ लिखने के काम आता है। कागज़ के छोटे बैग बनते हैं।

प्रश्न 8.
कागज़ की बचत कैसे होगी?
उत्तर:
नोट बुक पूरी भरने के बाद ही नई खरीदें। जितना कम कागज़ का उपयोग होगा, उतने अधिक पेड़ कटने से बच जाएँगे।

प्रश्न 9.
बिजली के क्या उपयोग हैं?
उत्तर:
बिजली के कारण हमें पंखों से हवा मिलती है और बल्ब से रोशनी मिलती है।

प्रश्न 10.
बिजली की बचत कैसे होगी?
उत्तर:
दिन के समय लाइट बंद रखें। खिड़कियाँ खुली रखें। सूरज की रोशनी अंदर आने दें। वॉशिंग मशीन में कपड़े न सुखाएँ। धूप में सुखाएँ।

व्याकरण:

प्रश्न 1.
निम्न कोष्ठकताले शब्दों से वाक्य बनाइए:
(अन्न, पेन्सिल, पत्ता, बच्चे, प्लास्टिक, भविष्य, सब्जी, स्कूल, विभिन्न, बल्ब)
उत्तर:

1. हमें अन्न की बचत करनी चाहिए।
2. पेन्सिल से कॉपी में लिखो।
3. पत्ता पेड़ से गिरा।
4. स्कूल में बच्चे हैं।
5. मेरे पास प्लास्टिक की बोतल है।
6. भविष्य के लिए पैसों की बचत करो।
7. राम को कोई भी सब्जी दो, वह खा लेता है।
8. बच्चे रोज़ सुबह स्कूल जाते हैं।
9. बगीचे में विभिन्न फूल हैं।
10. बल्ब से रोशनी मिलती है।

प्रश्न 2.
समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए:

1. अनाज
2. दुनिया
3. जीवन
4. समय
5. बारिश
6. स्कूल
7. विभिन्न

उत्तर:

1. अन्न
2. संसार
3. ज़िंदगी
4. वक्त
5. बरसात
6. विद्यालय
7. अलग

प्रश्न 3.
विपरीत अर्थ नाले शब्द लिखिए:

1. आबाद
2. छोटा
3. अँधेरा
4. दिन

उत्तर:

1. बरबाद
2. बड़ा
3. उजाला
4. रात

बचत Summary in Hindi

पाठ का परिचयः

प्रस्तुत पाठ के द्वारा अन्न, जंगल, बिजली, पानी और पैसों के महत्त्व के बारे में बताया गया है। साथ ही यह भी संदेश दिया गया है कि हमें इन सब चीज़ों की बचत करनी चाहिए। अपने जीवन को सुंदर बनाना चाहिए।

शब्दार्थ:

1. बचत – बचाना (saving)
2. बरबाद – खराब करना (waste)
3. महत्त्व – अहमियत (importance)
4. गमला – (flowerpot)
5. समीप – नज़दीक (near)

మంగళ హారతి పాటలు

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question a.
We need to make a sherbet quickly for some guests. But we only have sugar candy in the house.
Answer:
We can pound sugar candy into a fine powder. When the powder is fine, it will quickly dissolve in water. Therefore we can make sherbet quickly.

Question b.
We need to rub salt on a corncob but only salt crystals are available.
Answer:
We can pound salt crystals. Either we can use mortar pestle or we can also crush the crystals of salt in a grinder. Such powdered salt can be easily applied on the corncob.

2. Use your brain power!

Question a.
Why do tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day ?
Answer:
Tablets of Camphor are in solid state. Camphor has a property to turn into gaseous state directly from a solid state. Therefore, camphor decreases in size gradually. One can also notice the fragrance of camphor as it turns into vapour.

Question b.
How do we save fuel by using public transport ?
Answer:
Each automobile vehicle needs fuel either in the form of petrol, diesel, or CNG. If all the people use a separate vehicle, the amount of fuel consumed would be much more. If many people start using public transport, fuel consumption would be reduced. A single bus or a train can carry many people and thus it can save lots of fuel.

3. Answer the following questions.

Question a.
When and why do clothes smell of naphthalene?
Answer:
The naphthalene balls are continuously converted into small particles in the gaseous state. These particles settle down on the clothes in which they are kept. Therefore if naphthalene balls are kept for a long time in the clothes, they smell of naphthalene due to these particles.

Question b.
In which states is water found in nature?
Answer:
Water is found in all three states in nature, solid, liquid and gaseous state. Ice is the solid state of water. Water in lakes, sea etc. are in liquid state and steam or vapour is the gaseous state of water.

Question c.
What is the difference between the solid, liquid and gaseous states of a substance?
Answer:
The differences in the solid, liquid and gaseous state of substances is given in the table below:

Question d.
What is meant by energy?
Answer:
The capacity to do the work is called energy.

Activities :

Question 1.
Make different kinds of articles from clay.

Question 2.
Visit a wood workshop and observe the work being done there.

Question 3.
Obtain some information about the power generation plants in Maharashtra and present it in the classroom.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
All substances we see around us are made up of very tiny ………
(a) dust
(b) particles
(c) mud
Answer:
(b) particles

Question 2.
…………….. of particles of any substance must come together to form a particle that can be visible to our eyes.
(a) Lakhs
(b) Thousands
(c) Hundreds
Answer:
(a) Lakhs

Question 3.
Naphthalene balls which are kept open are continuously converted to small particles in the …… state.
(a) liquid
(b) solid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(c) gaseous

Question 4.
Different substances have different …………..
(a) material
(b) properties
(c) code
Answer:
(b) properties

Question 5.
…………… is required to do work.
(a) Energy
(b) Strength
(c) Health
Answer:
(a) Energy

Question 6.
When something burns energy is released in the form of …………..
(a) heat
(b) rain
(c) cold
Answer:
(a) heat

Question 7.
Energy in the form of motion is called ……… energy.
(a) Kinesthetic
(b) Kinetic
(c) Solar
Answer:
(b) Kinetic

Question 8.
Stores of …………….. and ……. which are used as fuels, on earth are limited.
(a) mineral oil
(b) uranium
(c) coal
Answer:
(a) mineral oil, (c) coal

Question 9.
Energy obtained from sun is called …………… energy
(a) lunar
(b) solar
(c) tidal
Answer:
(b) solar

Question 10.
Energy obtained by breaking the tiniest particle of a substance is called …
(a) solar
(b) atomic
(c) kinetic
Answer:
(b) atomic

Question 11.
Sunlight, wind and water are ……………. sources of energy
(a) exhaustible?
(b) depleting
(c) non-exhaustible
Answer:
(c) non-exhaustible

Question 12.
When iron or copper is made smooth with a file, we get …………….. of iron or copper.
(a) particles
(b) soil
(c) saudust
Answer:
(a) particles

Question 13.
Liquids are also made of small…….
(a) droplets
(b) particles
(c) dust
Answer:
(b) particles

Question 14.
…………… is found in three states – solid, liquid and gaseous.
(a) Mineral oil
(b) Carbon
(c) Water
Answer:
(c) Water

Question 15.
In nature, every substance occurs in a………… state.
(a) special
(b) specific
(c) partial
Answer:
(b) specific

Question 16.
Aluminium and coal are is. ………. state.
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(a) solid

Question 17.
Kerosene and petrol are in ……
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(b) liquid

Question 18.
Nitrogen and Oxygen are in … ………….state.
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(c) gaseous

Question 19.
The capacity of a body to do work is called
(a) work out
(b) energy
(c) exercise
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 20.
When petrol or diesel burns in a motor vehicle, …………… gets released.
(a) fire
(b) fuel
(c) energy
Answer:
(c) energy

Question 21.
Machines can be run using ……………….
(a) energy
(b) fuels
(c) water
Answer:
(b) fuels

Question 22.
Coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol are all substances from which energy is obtained in form of
(a) heat
(b) rain
(c) cold
Answer:
(a) heat

Question 23.
When a person or vehicle moves, heat energy gets converted into …….
(a) electricity
(b) rain
(c) motion
Answer:
(c) motion

Question 24.
Electricity is also a form of ………….
(a) machine
(b) energy
(c) heat
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 25.
We use ……………. to run the T.V.
(a) wires
(b) plugs
(c) electricity
Answer:
(c) electricity

Question 26.
In a solar cooker …………………. energy is used.
(a) solar
(b) electricity
(c) L.P.G.
Answer:
(a) solar

Question 27.
Plants use……. to prepare their food.
(a) LPG
(b) induction
(c) sunlight
Answer:
(c) sunlight

Question 28.
When we burn substances like coal or mineral oil, the …………………. energy, they contain is converted into heat energy.
(a) solar
(b) stored
(c) lunar
Answer:
(b) stored

Question 29.
Stores of coal and mineral oil on earth are
(a) unlimited
(b) limited
(c) plenty
Answer:
(b) limited

Question 30.
………… batteries produce electricity using sunlight
(a) Water
(b) Solar
(c) Tidal
Answer:
(b) Solar

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any three substances found in solid state.
Answer:
Iron, copper, aluminium, wood

Question 2.
Three substances found in liquid state.
Answer:
Water, milk, cough syrup.

Question 3.
Three substances found in gaseous state.
Answer:
Naphthalene balls, iodine crystals

Question 4.
Substances which goes into gaseous state directly from solid state.
Answer:
Naphthalene balls

Question 5.
Properties of substances.
Answer:
Transparency, hardness, colour, smell, solubility in water.

Question 6.
Fuels used for running machines.
Answer:
LPG, CNG, coal, diesel, petrol.

Question 7.
Examples of kinetic energy.
Answer:
Moving wind mill, sailing boats, running water, moving car etc.

Question 8.
Forms of energy.
Answer:
Sound, heat, light, electricity.

Question 9.
Main source of energy used by us.
Answer:
Electricity

Question 10.
Energy sources which do not cause pollution
Answer:
Wind energy, solar energy.

Answer in one sentence :

Question 1.
What are all subtances made up of?
Answer:
All substances are made up of fine particles.

Question 2.
Why do naphthalene balls grow smaller in size and gradually disappear?
Answer:
Naphthalene when left open continuously gets converted into small gaseous particles, so, as these particles leave the naphthalene balls, they grow smaller is size and slowly disappear.

Question 3.
Which substance is found in all three states?
Answer:
Water is found in all three states – solid, liquid and gaseous.

Question 4.
What are the different properties of substance?
Answer:
Different substances have different properties, like hardness, transparency, colour, smell, solubility in water etc.

Question 5.
What is ‘energy?
Answer:
The capacity of a body to do work is called energy

Question 6.
How is energy released?
Answer:
When petrol or diesel burns in a motor vehicle, energy gets released.

Question 7.
Name some substance from which energy is obtained.
Answer:
Coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol are all substances from which energy is obtained.

Question 8.
What is Kinetic energy?
Answer:
Energy in the form of motion is called Kinetic energy.

Question 9.
Why should we find alternate sources of energy?
Answer:
Stores of coal and mineral oil on earth are very limited and fast depleting therefore we must find alternate sources of energy.

Question 10.
What are solar batteries?
Answer:
Batteries which produce electricity using sunlight are called solar batteries.

Question 11.
Why should we make a habit of using minimum amount of electricity?
Answer:
In any method of electricity generation, resources from the environment have to be used. Hence, we should make a habit to conserve electricity

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
What uses of heat energy do we see in our daily life?
Answer:
We use heat energy to cook food, to heat water, to press our clothes, to keep us warm during cold winters in areas where temperature is very low, etc.

Question 2.
Why do tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day?
Answer:
Camphor particles present in the tablets escape by getting converted directly to gaseous state. Therefore the tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day.

Question 3.
How do we save fuel by using public transport?
Answer:
If people drive car instead of using public transport while going to work, more fuel will be burnt, as each car will burn the fuel to release energy and work. However if public transport is used. We need to use fuel, only for one transport vehicle. Hence it will save a lot of fuel if people use the public transport.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is meant by energy? Name the sources of energy
Answer:
The capacity of a body to do work is called energy. Energy is obtained by burning fuel is in the form of heat. This heat is used to do work. The sources of energy are the sun, coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol, wind, moving water and electricity

Question 2.
What is the original source of energy for the electricity produced at a thermal power station? How is electricity generated?
Answer:
In a thermal power station coal is the original source of energy. Here coal is burnt to release heat. The heat generated is utilised to convert water to steam. Then steam is used to rotate the turbines. As the turbine rotates electricity is produced.

Can you tell?

1. Write a few lines on the black board with a chalk. Now observe the chalk.

Question a.
What change do you see in the chalk?
Answer:
The chalk becomes smaller in size, after writing.

Question b.
Why did the chalk become smaller in size after writing on the board?
Answer:
When we wrote on the board the pieces of chalk stick to board, therefore the chalk became smaller in size.

2. Wipe the board with a duster and then tap the duster against the table.

Question a.
What do you see?
Answer:
A fine white particles of chalk fell of the duster when we tapped it against the table.

Question b.
From where did these white particles come?
Answer:
When we rubbed the board, the chalk particles from the board stuck to the duster and when we tapped the duster these chalk particles fell.

Question c.
If there is a sudden shower, we take shelter under a roof on the road side. Even though the rain does not fall on us directly we get wet to some extent why?
Answer:
The raindrops slow down the roof and fall on the ground. They break into fine droplets when they fall and bounce off the ground. These droplets make us wet. Hence though the rain does not fall on us directly we get wet to some extent.

Question d.
Asmita went to buy an earthen pot. There she saw many things kept for sale. How did she identify what she needed? From what substance had the potter made all the things?
Answer:
Asmita identified the things kept from their shape and colour. The potter had made all the things using clay.

Question e.
What is the difference between a substance and an object?
Answer:
Difference between substance and object is given below:

Substance	Object
1. Substances are made up of tiny particles.	1. Objects are made using substances.
2. Substances may or may not have definite shape. They occur in a specific state.	2. Objects have definite shape. Their parts are put together in a particular way.
3. Wood, aluminium, coal, iron etc are examples of substances.	3. Table, chair, flower pots, lamp etc. are examples of objects.

Question f.
There is a car. Its tank is full of fuel, but it does not move. Why is that?
Answer:
The energy has to be released from the fuel to make the car move. The energy is released when the petrol burns. The petrol starts burning only after we turn on the car engine. Since the engine is not on, the car does not move even when its tank is full of fuel.

Question g.
When we have run a long distance, we feel tired. We have to stop. Why is that?
Answer:
We need energy to run. Hence when we run a long distance, the food present in the body is continuously burn to release energy. This energy is used to do the work of running. After running a long distance the food gets exhausted and the energy released decreases and therefore we feel tired and we stop.

Glossary :

1. fossil fuel – fuel formed in the earth o from plant or animal remains
2. exhaustible – the resources which can not be renewed or recycled
3. depleting – reduction in quantity
4. corncob – core of Indian com.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
You are hungry, but the food has been left uncovered.
Answer:
Heating kills all the disease germs present in the food. So if food is uncovered then one should heat (warm) the food and then eat it when hungry. Eating warm food is always good for health.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which method of preventing the breeding of mosquitoes will you recommend for your surroundings – not allowing water to stagnate or spraying insecticides on the water? Why?
Answer:
First of all it is better not to allow water to stagnate. Hence I would recommend this method for preventing breeding of mosquitoes. However if there are nullahs or gutters in the surrounding area then spraying insecticide on water will be recommended to kill the mosquito larvae growing in water. Therefore both the methods need to be applied sometimes.

3. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question (a)
What is an infectious disease?
Answer:
When diseases spread from one person to another person, they are called infectious diseases.

Question (b)
What are the mediums of the spread of diseases?
Answer:
Diseases spread through mediums like food, water, air and insect bite. Sometimes it also spreads by coming in direct contact with a diseased person.

Question (c)
What happens when there is an epidemic of disease?
Answer:
When many people in one area get the same infectious disease at the same time, we say there is an epidemic of the disease. During an epidemic air and water gets contaminated with the disease germs and the disease spreads rapidly. Contaminated water also contaminates the food. If the epidemic is severe many people become serious and need to be hospitalised. To control the epidemic one needs to maintain hygiene and a clean surrounding.

Question (d)
What is vaccination?
Answer:
When a person is given a vaccine against a specific disease, he develops resistance to that disease. This process of giving vaccine is called vaccination. Whooping cough diphtheria and tetanus called triple vaccine is given.

Question (e)
Make a list of the vaccination given to a new bom baby.
Answer:
The table given below shows the list of vaccinations given to the new bom baby along with the schedule of when the vaccination is given:

Vaccine given	Disease against which it is given	Age of the new bom baby when it is given
BCG Vaccine	Against Tuberculosis	within 15 days after baby is just born
Hepa B vaccine	Jaundice caused by Hepatitis B vims	As soon as the baby is born
Oral Polio	Against Polio	Within 2 weeks
Triple vaccine	Against Diphteria, whooping cough and tetanus	After 6 weeks baby is born

Triple vaccine is repeated twice again after 10 weeks and 14 weeks after the baby is bom. Hep. B vaccine is also repeated twice after 4 weeks and 8 weeks after birth. After completing a year the baby is given vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. It is called MMR vaccine.

4. True or False:

Question (a)
Intestinal diseases spread though air.
Answer:
False

Question (b)
Some diseases are caused by the anger of gods
Answer:
False

5. Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water, and through air:

Question 1.
Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water, and through air:
Malaria, Typhoid, Cholera, Tuberculosis, Jaundice, Gastro, Diarrhoea, Diphtheria, Conjunctivitis, Chickenpox.
Answer:

Through Food	Through Water	Through Air
Typhoid	Typhoid	Tuberculosis
Cholera	Cholera	Diphtheria
Jaundice	Jaundice	Conjunctivitis
Gastro Diarrhoea	Diarrhoea	Chickenpox

6. Give reasons.

Question (a)
When there is an epidemic of cholera, we should boil water before drinking.
Answer:
Sometimes water gets mixed with faeces of person who is suffering from the cholera and it gets contaminated. When people drink this contaminated water an epidemic of cholera spreads.
Boiling the water kills the germs causing the disease and hence one is prevented from getting cholera.
Therefore during an epidemic of cholera one should boil water and drink.

Question (b)
We should not allow puddles of water to stand in our surroundings.
Answer:
When water stagnates in a puddle, mosquitoes lay eggs in the water and they increase in number. Mosquito bite spread malaria germs and people suffer from malaria. To prevent people from getting malaria mosquitoes should be stopped from breeding. To prevent mosquitoes from breeding we should not allow puddle of water to stand in our surrounding.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
……………….. cause diseases.
(a) Microorganisms
(b) Bacteria
(c) Germs
Answer:
(a) Microorganisms

Question 2.
Every …………………. is caused by a specific microorganism or germ.
(a) illness
(b) disease
(c) flu
Answer:
(b) disease

Question 3.
The germs of disease like influenza are present in the spit or ………………… of the person who has the disease.
(a) tongue
(b) nose
(c) saliva
Answer:
(c) saliva

Question 4.
When diseases spread through food it is called ………………. .
(a) food poisoning
(b) viral
(c) infection
Answer:
(a) food poisoning

Question 5.
Malaria is caused due to bite of a certain kind of ………………… .
(a) animal
(b) mosquito
(c) bird
Answer:
(b) mosquito

Question 6.
Germs of diseases like conjunctivitis spreads through …………………. .
(a) air
(b) water
(c) faces
Answer:
(a) air

Question 7.
Cholera spreads when people drink ……………. water.
(a) good
(b) contaminated
(c) bottled
Answer:
(b) contaminated

Question 8.
People who have a serious infectious disease like tuberculosis or swine flu are ……………….. .
(a) hospitalised
(b) educated
(c) quarantined
Answer:
(c) quarantined

Question 9.
As soon as the baby is born it is given ………………. vaccine.
(a) tuberculosis
(b) triple
(c) polio
Answer:
(a) tuberculosis

Question 10.
The …………………. vaccine is given orally.
(a) conjunctivitis
(b) polio
(c) malaria
Answer:
(b) polio

Question 11.
When the germs of a particular disease enter the body and begins to grow, the person gets the …………… .
(a) food
(b) disease
(c) cough
Answer:
(b) disease

Question 12.
Disease of the throat and the chest spread through the ………………. .
(a) water
(b) faeces
(c) air
Answer:
(b) faeces

Question 13.
People get ………………. or diarrhoea after eating contaminated food at a function.
(a) flue
(b) gastro
(c) viral
Answer:
(b) gastro

Question 14.
Maintaining ……………….. everywhere is beneficial for our health.
(a) food
(b) cleanliness
(c) disease
Answer:
(b) cleanliness

Question 15.
It is important to always keep our food ……………….. .
(a) covered
(b) uncovered
(c) uncooked
Answer:
(a) covered

Question 16.
Insects like mosquitoes, lice and fleas spread …………………. .
(a) beauty
(b) health
(c) disease
Answer:
(c) disease

Question 17.
Ringworm, scabies are disease that affect the …………….. .
(a) head
(b) skin
(c) bones
Answer:
(b) skin

Question 18.
Germs of disease like the flu or conjunctivitis spread quickly through the …………….. .
(a) air
(b) water
(c) fire
Answer:
(a) air

Question 19.
If, at some place, mosquitoes ……………… in large numbers then many people there can get malaria
(a) beautify
(b) breed
(c) creed
Answer:
(b) breed

Question 20.
Air, water, food and insects are the ……………….. through which disease spread.
(a) mediums
(b) area
(c) report
Answer:
(a) mediums

Question 21.
It is possible to ……………….. a disease from ecoming an epidemic.
(a) familiarize
(b) prevent
(c) breed
Answer:
(b) prevent

Question 22.
To prevent disease from spreading through water, it is ………………… at the water works.
(a) diluted
(b) polluted
(c) purified
Answer:
(c) purified

Question 23.
When there is an epidemic of gastro or jaundice, people are advised to ………………. water before drinking it.
(a) cook
(b) steam
(c) boil
Answer:
(c) boil

Question 24.
To prevent mosquitoes from breeding, we must ensure there is no ……………… water in the surroundings.
(a) stagnant
(b) flowing
(c) rippling
Answer:
(a) stagnant

Question 25.
Clothes and utensils used by patients are washed with ………………… .
(a) pesticides
(b) germicides
(c) fertilizers
Answer:
(b) germicides

Question 26.
Our body develops …………….. to a particular disease due to vaccination.
(a) resistance
(b) persistance
(c) deliverance
Answer:
(a) resistance

Question 27.
The vaccines for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus are combined into a ………………. vaccine and given as an injection.
(a) single
(b) double
(c) triple
Answer:
(c) triple

Question 28.
Polio Vaccine is given …………………… .
(a) verbally
(b) mentally
(c) orally
Answer:
(c) orally

Question 29.
Primary Health Centres have been established at the ……………. level.
(a) urban
(b) village
(c) grass root
Answer:
(b) village

Question 30.
It is in now forbidden by law to ……………….. in a public place.
(a) spit
(b) sit
(c) stand
Answer:
(a) spit

Question 31.
………………….. media are also used for raising public awareness about health and hygiene issues.
(a) Mass
(b) Public
(c) Home
Answer:
(a) Mass

Question 2.
Match the columns:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Ringworm	1. Contaminated Air
(b) Jaundice	2. Direct contact
(c) Tuberculosis	3. Open wound contaminated with soil
(d) Dengue	4. Contaminated food and water
(e) Tetanus	5. Mosquito bite

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Ringworm	2. Direct contact
(b) Jaundice	4. Contaminated food and water
(c) Tuberculosis	1. Contaminated Air
(d) Dengue	5. Mosquito bite
(e) Tetanus	3. Open wound contaminated with soil

Name the following:

Question 1.
Insect that causes Malaria.
Answer:
Female Anopheles Mosquito

Question 2.
Insect that causes Dengue.
Answer:
Aedes mosquito

Question 3.
Vaccine for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus (Given as injection).
Answer:
Triple vaccine

Question 4.
Microorganisms that are useful to us.
Answer:
Microorganisms converting milk into yoghurt or microorganisms fermenting batter for idlis.

Question 5.
Germicide used to kill microorganisms in the spittle of a person having tuberculosis.
Answer:
Phenyl or dettol.

Question 5.
State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. Vaccination helps our body to develop resistance against diseases.
2. Community programmes are being undertaken every year at the National level to eradicate (put an end) polio, by giving oral vaccine of polio to children below five years.
3. On television people are educated about right methods of handling, drinking water so to make them aware of how diseases can be prevented.
4. Insects like lice and fleas spread diseases.
5. Cancer is an infectious disease.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Name the disease that has been completely eradicated (that is it has completely disappeared) by vaccination.
Answer:
The disease called small pox has been completely eradicated by vaccination.
(Note : Now no one in the world is gets the scare or is suffering from small pox.)

Question 2.
Which disease spreads through flea’s bite?
Answer:
Fleas spread diseases like plague when they bite.
(Note : Fleas are found on the bodies of pets like dogs, cat and also on rhodents like rats.)

Question 3.
Why should we cover our nose and mouth when we cough or sneeze?
Answer:
Disease of the throat and chest spread through the air. When other breathe the same air, germs enter their bodies. That is why we must cover our nose and mouth when we cough or sneeze.

Question 4.
What is ‘food poisoning’?
Answer:
Gastro or diarrhoea spreads through contaminated3 food. When we eat this food the disease spread is called food poisoning.

Question 5.
Why should food always be kept covered?
Answer:
When some flies sit on our food, the germs enter the food. Later when we eat this food the germs enter our body, so we must always cover the food.

Question 6.
What is an epidemic?
Answer:
When many people in one area get the same infectious disease all at the same time, we say that there is an epidemic of the disease.

Question 7.
What precaution can be taken to prevent the spread of tuberculosis?
Answer:
The spittle of a person who has tuberculosis is collected in a vessel and covered with a germicide like phenyl. Such precautions can help to prevent the disease from spreading.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Doctors give tetanus vaccine after getting a cut or wound while handling a sharp instrument or after falling down and getting bruised badly while playing.
Answer:
Tetanus germs are present in the soil, dung and dust. The sharp instrument may be dirty, so it may carry the tetanus germs. These germs may then spread though the wound and cause disease. To prevent tetanus germs from spreading doctors give the vaccine which help us develop resistance against this disease.

Question 2.
A person suffering from a disease should cover the mouth when sneezing or coughing.
Answer:
Disease causing organisms are present in the spit or saliva of the person. When they sneeze or cough these gems spread in the air and cause disease in other people. To prevent the spread of disease through the air a person suffering from a disease should cover the mouth while sneezing or coughing.

Question 3.
Before eating or handling food one should wash the hands using soap and water.
Answer:
Soap kills the germs which cause diseases and water washes them away. If our hand is dirty then they may contain disease causing germs. If we handle food, or eat food without washing, the germs will enter the food and contaminate it with these germs. This can cause intestinal diseases or food poisoning. Hence it is advised that one should wash the hands using soap and water before eating or handling food.

Question 4.
People who are suffering from tuberculosis or swine flu are quarantined and kept in hospitals.
Answer:
The diseases like tuberculosis and swine flu are infectious. They spread through air easily. Also the germs spread cause disease in a healthy person if the healthy person comes in contact directly with the diseased person. In hospitals there are separate wards for such diseased people, where extra care and precautions are taken to prevent spread of diseases. Therefore patients suffering from these diseases are quarantined and kept in hospital.

Can you tell:

Question 1.
When your friends fall while playing and get hurt, does anyone tell you ‘Don’t go near them. You will also yet hurt’?
Answer:
No, no one tells us like that because we will not get hurt because the friend is hurt.

Question 2.
Suppose your mother has a headache. Do you also get a headache if you go near her?
Answer:
No, I do not get a headache if I go near her.

Question 3.
When is it that you are told not to go near a sick person, not to use their utensils for eating or drinking; not to use their hankies, towels or clothes?
Answer:
We are told not to go near a sisk person when the person is suffering from cold, flu, is having high fever, or if the person is suffering from chicken pox, measles, mumps etc.

Question 4.

What different activities are going on in the above picture.
Answer:
Women are washing clothes in the river. A boy is urinating in the water. A man is washing utensil and filling it with water. Buffaloes are being washed in the water. Children are swimming and a lady is filling pots with water to use for drinking purpose.

Question 5.

What do you see in the picture below above?
Answer:
Food is kept open. People are being served this uncovered food and they are eating it. The man serving the food is wearing dirty colthes. There is no cleanliness maintained in the restaurant.

Question 6.
What steps will you take to ensure that dust and flies do not settle on the food in your house?
Answer:
The food will be covered properly to see that no dust and flies settle on it. It will be kept in clean and closed utensils in the kitchen. Care will be taken to see that the kitchen is kept clean. So that no flies will sit there.

Question 7.
Why should you not go to school if you have conjunctivitis?
Answer:
Conjunctivitis causing germs spreads through air. If we go to school many other children will also get this disease. To prevent the spread of this disease, we should not go to school when suffering from conjunctivitis.

Glossary:

1. conjunctivitis – sore eyes, which causes irritation.
2. forbidden -not allowed.
3. contaminated – to make impure by adding some substance.
4. stagnates – gets collected.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 20 Our Emotional World Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 20 Our Emotional World

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 20 Our Emotional World Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question (a)
Just as man is able to think, he is also …………….. .
(a) emotional
(b) sensational
(c) fascinating
Answer:
(a) emotional

Question (b)
We must always think about the …………………. in our friends first.
(a) vices
(b) virtues
(c) abnormalities
Answer:
(b) virtues

2. Answer in one sentence.

Question (a)
How does a balanced personality develop?
Answer:
A balanced personality develops, when we learn to cope with our emotions.

Question (b)
Why does our attitude of co-operation and understanding decrease?
Answer:
Our attitude of co-operation and understanding decreases when we become short tempered and stubborn.

Question (c)
What must we do after we have found the flaws in our nature?
Answer:
After we have found the flaws in our nature, we must try to correct them ourselves.

3. Answer in short.

Question (a)
What is meant by ‘coping with emotions’?
Answer:

1. If someone does something wrong, we get angry.
2. We must not lose our temper.
3. We must be able to keep a balance between our thoughts and emotions.
4. If we think properly, we can control or cope with our emotions.

Question (b)
What are the harmful effects of anger?
Answer:
The harmful effects of anger are:

1. It affects our body and mind.
2. We become short tempered and stubborn.
3. Our attitude of co-operation and understanding decreases.
4. We hurt others.
5. We face consequence such as headaches, loss of sleep and dullness.

Question (c)
Why must we know our flaws?
Answer:
We must know our flaws so that
(a) We can improve upon them.
(b) Just because we are unable to do something, it does not mean that we stop trying to excel at what we can do.

Write how you will react:

Question (a)
Your teacher does not listen to you.
Answer:
I will be patient and wait for an opportunity to speak to my teacher.

Question (b)
Your parents ask for your opinion while making decisions.
Answer:
I will think on the matter and try to give my opinion.

Question (c)
Your friend got a big prize.
Answer:
I will be happy and congratulate him for his success.

Question (d)
Your classmates praise you.
Answer:
I will thank my friends.

Question (e)
Rohan insulted you in class.
Answer:
I will feel sad. But wait for the correct opportunity to speak to him about his behaviour.

What will you do in this situation?

Question (a)
Rohini won a prize in an essay competition.
Answer:
I will be happy and congratulate her for her good work.

Question (b)
Kavita refuses to eat her tiffin because she was angry.
Answer:
I will speak to her and tell her to control her anger and eat her tiffin.

Question (c)
Veena keeps herself to herself at school.
Answer:
I will try befriend her and make her involve in school activities.

Question (d)
Makarand says, “I can’t help it if I have a stubborn personality.”
Answer:
I will make Makarand understand that being stubborn leads to misunderstanding and hurting others.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 20 Our Emotional World Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
……………… adjustments involves coping with your emotions, controlling and impressing them in a reasonable manner.
(a) Psychological
(b) Physical
(c) Emotional
Answer:
(c) Emotional

Question 2.
………………… is an emotion just like happiness
or sadness.
(a) Happiness
(b) Anger
(c) Sadness
Answer:
(b) Anger

Question 3.
If we speak about our flaws as openly as we speak about our talents, it will be to our ……………… .
(a) disadvantage
(b) advantage
(c) control
Answer:
(b) advantage

Question 4.
Human nature has many ………………….. aspects.
(a) similar
(b) different
(c) equal
Answer:
(b) different

Question 5.
Anger, joy, sorrow, jealousy, disappointment, fear etc. are all …………….. .
(a) emotions
(b) motions
(c) demotions
Answer:
(a) emotions

Question 6.
We should be able to strike a ……………….. between our thoughts and emotions.
(a) difference
(b) match
(c) balance
Answer:
(c) balance

Question 7.
If someone does something wrong, we get …………………. .
(a) angry
(b) happy
(c) sad
Answer:
(a) angry

Question 8.
It is natural to desire something but we must not be ………………… for it.
(a) hungry
(b) greedy
(c) emotional
Answer:
(b) greedy

Question 9.
If we think properly we can control our ………………….. .
(a) emotions
(b) hunger
(c) thirst
Answer:
(a) emotions

Question 10.
We get angry if we see someone being
(a) angry
(b) cursing
(c) ill-treating
Answer:
(c) ill-treating

Question 11.
We may be good at some subject, art or sport and just as ……………….. at another.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) ugly
Answer:
(b) bad

Question 12.
Just because we are unable to do something it does not mean that we stop trying to ……………… at what we can do.
(a) learn
(b) excel
(c) diminish
Answer:
(b) excel

Question 13.
We must help each other to get rid of our ……………… .
(a) flaws
(b) friendship
(c) goodness
Answer:
(a) flaws

Question 14.
Once we know the flaws in our nature, we must try to …………………. them ourselves.
(a) try
(b) improve
(c) correct
Answer:
(c) correct

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the adverse effect of anger?
Answer:
If anger cannot be controlled it will have adverse effect on our body and mind.

Question 2.
Name some human emotions.
Answer:
Anger, joy, sorrow, jealousy, disappointment, fear are some of human emotions.

Question 3.
What is emotional adjustment?
Answer:
Emotional adjustment is coping with our emotions, being able to control them and expressing them in a reasonable manner.

Question 4.
When do we become free from faults such as blaming other unneccessarily?
Answer:
When we learn to cope with our emotions, our personality becomes balanced, we are able to understand others and overcome difficult situations. It is then that we become free from faults such as blaming others unnecessarily.

Question 5.
Why is it necessary to know our flaws and talents?
Answer:
We must know our flaws and talents so that we can improve upon them.

Question 6.
How must we always think about our friends?
Answer:
We must always think about the good qualities or virtues in our friends.

Question 7.
Why must we know our flaws?
Answer:
Once we know the flaws in our nature, we can then try to correct them ourselves.

Question 8.
Why should the aspects of our nature that bothers us and others be changed?
Answer:
We must try hard to change this aspect as it may take the shape of flaws in our personality.

Can you tell?

Question (A)
Are the following persons coping well with their emotions? Put (✓) if they are, put (✗) if they aren’t.
Answer:
1. Ramesh told Suresh that Amit had said something bad about him. Suresh decided to react only after confirming the facts. (✓)
2. Chhaya and Meena usually make equal progress in their studies. The teacher praised Chhaya’s essay. This made Meena angry and she decided not to speak to Chhaya. (✗)
3. Dinesh took Manoj’s pen and pencil from his bag and hid them. Later, he said, ‘Sorry’ to Manoj and promised not to do it again. (✓)
4. Sunita wanted to go to the market with her mother, but for some reason, her mother had to leave early. Sunita was angry with her mother. But later, she asked her mother the reason why she had to leave early. Her anger subsided when she learnt the reason. (✗)

(B)

Question 1.
Manoj says, “I’m going to school!” and instead goes to the playground to play. Is this correct?
Answer:
No, what Manoj has done is incorrect.

Question 2.
What will you tell a friend who has a habit of borrowing things and not returning them on time?
Answer:
I will tell my friend that borrowing things from friends is not a good habit and even if any thing is borrowed it must be returned otherwise it is just like robbing.

What would you do?

Question 1.
Ranjit and Abhay are fighting over who gets to sit on the first bench. They are both very angry. They are close to throwing each other’s bags.
Answer:
I will try to make them understand that they can take turns to sit on the first bench instead
of fighting.

Question 2.
Hemant wants to take part in the kabbadi competition, but he is shy. He is nervous about telling it to the teacher.
Answer:
I would take Hemant to our sports teacher and tell him about Hemant’s desire to join the Kabaddi team.

Question 3.
Rekha accidently took Nisha’s notebook home.
Answer:
Rekha can call Nisha and inform her that the book is with her and promise to bring it the next day to school.

Glossary:

1. short-tempered – to get angry quickly
2. flaws – weakness.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
What’s the solution?
Kabir wants to be a professor of zoology. What can he do today to prepare for that?
Answer:
Kabir should study regularly and sincerely. He should read various books on animals. He should learn to speak in public by participating in elocution competition. Also he should do the project work given by the teacher and explain it in the class to his friends. By doing all these things he will develop all the skills necessary for becoming a professor.

2. Use your brain power!

Question (a)
What skills do we already have before we leam to ride bicycle?
Answer:
Before riding a bicycle we know to walk, run, jump, climb, skip and hop. Hence we are able to climb and sit on the bicycle and balance it by touching the ground with our legs.

Question (b)
Suman wishes to run a restaurant of her own in the future. Which of the skill she is learning today will be of use in her future occupation?
Answer:
The following skill mentioned below which she is learning today will be of help to Suman: The skill of cooking meals, writing down the recipe, keeping an account of the money spent, making the list of grocery item needed, serving food, packing food, cleaning the table etc. are some of the few skills which will help her to run a restaurant in future.

3. Answer the following questions:

Question (a)
What is meant by heredity? (Explain)
Answer:
People of one family show similarities in physical characteristics in many ways. Some features or traits are like our grandparents, some like our parents and some like our brothers and sisters. Being bom with certain features or traits in common with the members of our family is called heredity.

Question (b)
What differences do we see between children in preprimary classes and children in standard?
Answer:
Preprimary children are not able to read and write. They cannot dress on their own, they cannot tie shoe laces, comb their hair etc. They are dependent on their mother, teachers, and Aya for everything. Whereas a standard child can read and write, dress on his own, he can do most of the routine work independently.

Question (c)
What changes take place in us from birth till adulthood?

Question (d)
Name any three skills you have acquired.
Answer:
The skills that I have acquired are skipping, jumping, reading, writing, cycling etc.

Question (e)
What is meant by physical growth?
Answer:
Growing in height and weight from childhood to adulthood is called physical growth.

4. True or false?

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) A baby gradually learn to perform newly learnt tasks without making mistake.
(b) At, birth we already learn all skills.
(c) We cannot manage all our tasks entirely by overselves.
(d) Our height manage all our tasks entirely by oversieves.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
All living things eat grow ………………… .
(a) physically
(b) spritually
(c) mentally
Answer:
(a) physically

Question 2.
Human beings grow in height and weight from birth to ………………….. .
(a) childhood
(b) adulthood
(c) teens
Answer:
(b) adulthood

Question 3.
When a person begins to do a task more easily without doing mistake his ……………… increase.
(a) inefficiency
(b) practicality
(c) efficiency
Answer:
(c) efficiency

Question 4.
The greater the number of skills we learn, the less is our …………………. on others.
(a) independence
(b) effort
(c) dependence
Answer:
(c) dependence

Question 5.
We must all learn to take ……………….. for doing our personal tasks ourselves.
(a) responsibility
(b) jobs
(c) irresponsibility
Answer:
(a) responsibility

Question 6.
The features and traits that we possess right from the time we are born are known as……………….. traits.
(a) inborn
(b) inherited
(c) physical
Answer:
(b) inherited

Question 7.
Our personality develops through our …………………. and ……………….. .
(a) efforts
(b) strength
(c) interest
Answer:
(c) interest, (a) efforts

Question 8.
Only when ………………….. are put into practice, we can say the personality developed in excellent.
(a) good thoughts/values
(b) vices
(c) bad thoughts
Answer:
(a) good thoughts/values

Question 9.
Lack of …………….. also affects growth adversely even if we take nutritious food.
(a) money
(b) exercise
(c) jewellery
Answer:
(b) exercise

Question 10.
We can live an independent useful and enriched life with the help of ………………. .
(a) property
(b) skills
(c) vices
Answer:
(b) skills

Question 11.
Small babies ………………. do anything for themselves.
(a) can
(b) cannot
(c) able to
Answer:
(b) cannot

Question 12.
Achieving control of one’s …………………. or learning to do something new is called ‘learning a skill’.
(a) limbs
(b) movements
(c) arms
Answer:
(b) movements

Question 13.
Everyday, we keep …………….. .
(a) repeating
(b) walking
(c) learning
Answer:
(c) learning

Question 14.
With age our ……………… strength also increases.
(a) spiritual
(b) mental
(c) physical
Answer:
(c) physical

Question 15.
Animals learn only a certain number of ……………….. in their life.
(a) skills
(b) hunting
(c) steps
Answer:
(a) skills

Question 16.
Our height grows till we are about …………………. years old.
(a) 15
(b) 18
(c) 20
Answer:
(b) 18

Question 17.
People of one family show ……………….. in many ways.
(a) similarities
(b) dissimilar
(c) bonding
Answer:
(a) similarities

Question 18.
No one has any …………………. over which traits we will inherit and which we will not.
(a) tolerance
(b) control
(c) hand
Answer:
(b) control

Question 19.
We …………….. the ability to learn many skills.
(a) inherit
(b) remember
(c) copy
Answer:
(a) inherit

Question 20.
………………… our skills helps us to live an independent, useful and enriching life.
(a) Working out
(b) Practising
(c) Developing
Answer:
(c) Developing

Question 21.
Food is necessary for ……………….. .
(a) body
(b) growth
(c) diet
Answer:
(b) growth

Question 22.
Along with nutritious food, adequate ………………….. is also necessary for growth and development.
(a) skills
(b) cycling
(c) exercise
Answer:
(c) exercise

Question 23.
Lack of exercise ……………… growth adversely.
(a) effects
(b) affects
(c) defects
Answer:
(b) affects

Question 24.
Each person has every right to get the opportunity to make progress and ……………. their own life.
(a) bench
(b) prosperous
(c) enrich
Answer:
(c) enrich

Question 25.
Our physical and mental make up is not the ………………… as that of anyone else.
(a) different
(b) same
(c) similar
Answer:
(b) same

Question 26.
Our ……………….. develops through our interests and efforts.
(a) personality
(b) excellence
(c) exercise
Answer:
(a) personality

Question 27.
Our personality can be said to be …………….. only when we put good thoughts into practice.
(a) weak
(b) average
(c) excellent
Answer:
(c) excellent

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false:

1. The child is motivated to practice an activity again and again when he is praised for trying to carry out the activity.
2. Animals go on learning many skills throughout their life.
3. In a family all the brothers and sisters are identical.
4. A baby learn to walk and run only after his parents teach him.
5. If a baby is not able to walk and talk by the time it is two years, then growth and development of the baby is not taking place properly.
6. Learning various skills makes us independent as it helps us to do various tasks on our own.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What do you mean by ‘inherited’ traits?
Answer:
The traits with which we are bom, and are common with members of our family are called ‘inherited’ traits.

Question 2.
What things would you like to do just for recreation?
Answer:
I would like to play football, cricket or do drawing, painting, or read a story book.

Question 3.
Which are the skills that a child of Std V should learn so that he can get ready for school without depending on his mother’s help?
Answer:
He should leam to wear his own tie, tie his shoes laces, wear shoes and socks, comb his hair, wear his clothes on his own. So that he can get ready for school without depending on his mother for her help.

Question 4.
What is meant by addiction?
Answer:
When a particular skill or activity increases our dependence on it, by making us crave for repeating it again and again it is called addiction.

Question 5.
Name a few activities which lead to addiction and affect development of a child.
Answer:
Playing video games, eating gutka, paan masala, playing games on mobile, eating chocolates etc. are a few skills or activities which lead to addiction and have bad effects on the development of a child.

Question 6.
What is learning a skill?
Answer:
Achieving control of one’s movements or leam to do something new is called ‘learning a skill’.

Question 7.
What is development?
Answer:
As we grow, our height, weight and physical strength increase, also we leam a lot of new skills. This progress we make is called development.

Question 8.
What skills do animals learn from their mothers?
Answer:
Animals learn from their mother, skills to obtain food, protect themselves from the sun, rain and from enemies.

Question 9.
How do people sometimes recognize us?
Answer:
People of one family show similarities, some of our features or traits are like those of our grandparents or our parent’s siblings. That is why sometimes people who know them recognize us.

Question 10.
What is heredity?
Answer:
Being bom with certain features or traits in common with the members of our family is ‘heredity’.

Question 11.
What leads to good development?
Answer:
We must study well, avoid addiction, develop hobbies, take part in sports, learn new skills. This way of life leads to good development.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Sayali is in the sixth standard. They are going for a picnic. Sayali’s Aai is going to make ladoos for the whole class. But she needs Sayali’s help. What can Sayali do to help?
Answer:
Sayali can make a list of the ingredients needed to make ladoos with the help of her mother. Sayali can assist her mother to give shape to the ladoos. Sayali can pack the ladoos in a tiffin box. This is how Sayali can help mother.

Question 2.
Many skills have been mentioned in this lesson up to now. Can you do without learning some of them? Which ones are necessary for any person?
Answer:
Yes, it is not necessary to leam all the skills. Everyone need not leam the skill of playing football, cook a meal, write a story, press clothes etc. However everyone should be able to eat with one’s own hand, wash one’s own face, have a bath, dressing oneself, reading a book, writing answers, communicate his thoughts etc.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
How many years does it take the young ones of the tiger/elephant to start living independently?
Answer:
The cub of a tiger starts living independently after 18 months. However sometimes it takes 2 years to 2 1/2 years also. The calf of an elephant starts living independently after 6 years. However sometimes they may become independent after 8-10 years also.

Question 2.
Explain what do you mean by development.
Answer:
As we grow, our height and weight increases. With age our physical strength also increase. We also keep learning more and more new skills. In this way every individual makes progress. ‘This is called development’.

Question 3.
Describe the factors that affect growth and development.
Answer:
The factors that affect growth and development are the food we eat, exercise and our values and behaviour.
1. The food that we eat: If we have nutritious food we gain strength and ability to learn various skills. We also grow tall and develop a good personality. If food is not nutritious we become malnourished and development and growth gets affected.
2. Exercise also brings about proper growth and development. Lack of exercise affects growth adversely.
3. Along with food and exercise it is important that we have Food values and we put it into practice. Our values and behaviour also affect development. Good thoughts put into practice make us an excellent personality.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Always playing video games or games on mobile is not good for development.
OR
Always playing video games has an adverse effect on personality.
Answer:
Always playing video games and games on mobile makes a person addicted to it. The person cannot think of anything else and looses concentration in other activities. The child playing these games cannot concentrate in studies, nor is he able to develop new good skills.

Seeing the violence in the video game the child does not get good thoughts. Hence due to all this, good development does not take place and it affects the child’s growth and personality adversely.

Can you tell:

Question 1.
Can an infant feed itself?
Answer:
No, the infant cannot feed itself. The mother has to feed the infant.

Question 2.
Can a two years old child fold clothes neatly?
Answer:
No, a two year old child cannot fold his clothes neatly. However if taught he can try to fold his handkerchief.

Question 3.
When do they learn to these task?
Answer:
The child learns to feed himself a when he is one year old. However he can feed himself properly without spilling after two years. The child can fold his clothes after he becomes five years old.

Question 4.
Which of the following things have you learnt to do? Which Ones have you yet to learn?
Answer:
The tasks which a fifth Std child can do are skipping on a rope, writing an essay, combing his hair, telling a story, using a computer, etc. The child may not be able to give a speech, riding a bicycle, swimming, counting money, climbing a tree etc.

Glossary:

1. traits – genetically determined characteristic
2. addiction – to become dependent on something.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 19 Constituents of Food

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
The body requires adequate quantity of protein.
Answer:
To meet the requirement of protein necessary for our body, we should consume protein rich food. We should include foods like, eggs, meat, fish, pulses, beans and dairy products like cheese, milk, yoghurt etc. in our diet. Vegetarian people should include at least one cup (katon) of dal daily in their diet as that is the only source of protein in their diet.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Why are children told to drink milk everyday?
Answer:
Children are growing tall and hence their bones are also growing. Calcium is needed for strong bones. Hence children need to get large amounts of calcium, for proper growth of bones. Milk is a source of calcium which can supply the required amount of calcium necessary for growth of bones. Therefore children are told to drink milk everyday.

3. Give two sources of each of the following constituents:

Question 1.
Give two sources of each of the following constituents:
Answer:

Constituents	Examples of Sources of food
(a) Minerals	(1) Milk (2) Green leafy vegetables
(b) Proteins	(1) Egg (2) Pulses
(c) Starch	(1) Potato (2) Jowar

4. Fill in the blanks:

Question (a)
………………….. in our food give us the ability to resist diseases.
(a) proteins
(b) vitamins
(c) fats
Answer:
(b) vitamins

Question (b)
Calcium makes our bones …………………… .
(a) strong
(b) weak
(c) smooth
Answer:
(a) strong

Question (c)
Food stuff that taste sweet contain various kinds of ……………….. .
(a) sugars
(b) jaggery
(c) honey
Answer:
(a) sugars

Question (d)
A diet that provides all the constituents of food in the right proportions is called a …………….. diet.
(a) irregular
(b) regular
(c) balanced
Answer:
(c) balanced

5. Answer the following questions.

Question (a)
Of what use are the sugars that we get from the digestion of starch?
Answer:
The sugars obtained from digestion of starch bum slowly in our body and release energy which is necessary for doing various works.

Question (b)
Name the sources of fibre in our diet.
Answer:
Sources of fibres in our diet are cereals, like wheat, jowar, bajra etc. from which we make chapati or bhakari and all the fruits and vegetables that we eat.

Question (c)
What are carbohydrates?
Answer:
Constituents of food like starch, fibres and sugars that provide energy to our body are called carbohydrates.

Question (d)
What is meant by malnutrition?
Answer:
Our diet should supply various constituents like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, viatmins and minerals in the right proportion for proper nourishment and growth. If the diet taken lacks in some constituents over a long period of time, the person does not get proper nourishment. This leads to a condition called malnutrition . Malnutrition has serious consequence on health. Lack of sufficient quantities of proteins and carbohydrates lead to stunted growth.

6. Match the following:

Question 1.
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Fats	(a) Jowar
2. Proteins	(b) Oil
3. Vitamins	(c) Bran of cereals
4. Minerals	(d) Pulses
5. Starchy foods	(e) Iron

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Fats	(b) Oil
2. Proteins	(d) Pulses
3. Vitamins	(c) Bran of cereals
4. Minerals	(e) Iron
5. Starchy foods	(a) Jowar

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
Starch turns blackish blue when it comes in contact with ………………… solution.
(a) sodium
(b) calcium
(c) iodine
Answer:
(c) iodine

Question 2.
Cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat, rice contain a lot of ………………. .
(a) starch
(b) protein
(c) vitamin
Answer:
(a) starch

Question 3.
When the starchy foods we eat are digested …………………. are formed.
(a) chocolate
(b) sugars
(c) fuel
Answer:
(b) sugars

Question 4.
Sugars formed by the digestion of starch act as ………………… of our body.
(a) strength
(b) fuel
(c) muscles
Answer:
(b) fuel

Question 5.
Fibre is also called …………………. .
(a) muscles
(b) fruits
(c) roughage
Answer:
(c) roughage

Question 6.
If our diet does not contain enough fibre, it can lead to ……………….. .
(a) constipation
(b) vomiting
(c) fever
Answer:
(a) constipation

Question 7.
……………… deposited under the skin prevents loss of heat from the body.
(a) Fats
(b) Oil
(c) Muscles
Answer:
(a) Fats

Question 8.
…………………. are known as the building blocks of our body.
(a) Vitamins
(b) Proteins
(c) Carbohydrates
Answer:
(b) Proteins

Question 9.
Night blindness is caused due to lack of …………………… .
(a) vitamin D
(b) vitamin A
(c) vitamin B
Answer:
(b) vitamin A

Question 10.
Deficiency of ……………….. leads to anaemia.
(a) calcium
(b) protein
(c) iron
Answer:
(c) iron

Question 11.
When a person does not get enough proteins and carbohydrates through their diet their growth is ………….. .
(a) increased
(b) decreased
(c) stunted
Answer:
(c) stunted

Question 12.
Sago and sweet potato contain …………………… .
(a) starch
(b) protein
(c) carbohydrates
Answer:
(a) starch

Question 13.
Cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat, rice contain a lot of ………………… .
(a) protein
(b) starch
(c) fuel
Answer:
(b) starch

Question 14.
We get …………………. from starchy foods.
(a) fuel
(b) energy
(c) sugar
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 15.
Our body uses energy for different kinds of …………………. .
(a) food
(b) fuel
(c) work
Answer:
(c) work

Question 16.
Wheat is ground into a ………………… .
(a) fuel
(b) paste
(c) flour
Answer:
(c) flour

Question 17.
Bran is a …………………. substance.
(a) fibrous
(b) starchy
(c) sticky
Answer:
(a) fibrous

Question 18.
In the process of digestion, fibre has a function.
(a) festive
(b) special
(c) delicious
Answer:
(b) special

Question 19.
……………………. helps to form stool from undigested food.
(a) Protein
(b) Sugar
(c) Fibre
Answer:
(c) Fibre

Question 20.
Oil is a ………………. substance.
(a) fatty
(b) sugary
(c) fibrous
Answer:
(a) fatty

Question 21.
Paper becomes ………………… when a fatty substance is applied to it.
(a) pulpy
(b) translucent
(c) sticky
Answer:
(b) translucent

Question 22.
Fats in our food provide ……………… to our body.
(a) energy
(b) starch
(c) sugar
Answer:
(a) energy

Question 23.
Fats give …………………. as much energy as carbohydrates.
(a) once
(b) twice
(c) thrice
Answer:
(b) twice

Question 24.
The fats we eat get …………………. in our body.
(a) used
(b) digested
(c) stored
Answer:
(c) stored

Question 25.
The ………………….. undergoes wear and tear continuously.
(a) body
(b) mind
(c) soul
Answer:
(a) body

Question 26.
Malnutrition has serious …………………. for the person’s health.
(a) essentials
(b) viruses
(c) consequences
Answer:
(c) consequences

2.

Question (A)
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron deficiency	(a) Weak and brittle bones
2. Calcium deficiency	(b) Malnutrition
3. Vitamin A deficiency	(c) Weak bones and teeth
4. Vitamin D deficiency	(d) Anaemia
5. Proteins and Carbohydrate deficiency	(e) Night blindness

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron deficiency	(d) Anaemia
2. Calcium deficiency	(c) Weak bones and teeth
3. Vitamin A deficiency	(e) Night blindness
4. Vitamin D deficiency	(a) Weak and brittle bones
5. Proteins and Carbohydrate deficiency	(b) Malnutrition

Question (B)
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Constituent of food giving energy	(a) Iron
2. Costituent of food needed for repair	(b) Vitamins
3. Constituent of food proetcting internal organs	(c) Proteins
4. Constituents of food helping in resisting diseases	(d) Carbohydrates
5. Constituent of food necessary to supply enough oxygen	(e) Fats

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Constituent of food giving energy	(d) Carbohydrates
2. Costituent of food needed for repair	(c) Proteins
3. Constituent of food proetcting internal organs	(e) Fats
4. Constituents of food helping in resisting diseases	(b) Vitamins
5. Constituent of food necessary to supply enough oxygen	(a) Iron

Question 1.
Give two sources of each of the following constituents:
Answer:

Constituents	Examples of Sources of food
(a) Vitamin A	(1) Carrots (2) Papaya
(b) Calcium	(1) Milk, cheese (Dairy products) (2) brocoli (3) Leafy vegetables
(c) Fats	(1) Oils (2) Butter (3) Peanut
(d) Iron	(1) Meat (2) Spinach (palak)
(e) Vitamin C	(1) Lemon (2) Tomatoes (3) Sprouted pulses
(f) Sugars	(1) Fruits (2) Sugarcane
(g) Vitamin D	(1) Fish oil like (Cod liver oil) (2) egg yolk
(h) Vitamin B	(1) Nuts (2) Green leafy vegetables like spinach, broccoli etc. (3) cereals (wheat, millet)

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
How will you detect the presence of starch in food?
Answer:
The presence of starch in food is detected by adding iodine solution. If the food turns bluish black then starch is present.

Question 2.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet which provides all the constituents like, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals in right quantities is called a balanced diet.

Question 3.
Which food constituents are necessary for normal functioning of various processes in our body and help in maintaining resistance to diseases.
Answer:
Vitamins and minerals are the food constituents which are necessary for normal functioning of various processes in our body and help in maintaining resistance to diseases.

Question 4.
Why are proteins called building blocks of our body?
Answer:
Proteins help in healing and repairing of our body which undergoes wear and tear continuously and it also helps in building muscles. Therefore they are called building blocks of our body.

Question 5.
Which mineral in necessary for carrying oxygen to different parts of our body?
Answer:
Iron is necessary for carrying oxygen to different parts of our body.

Question 6.
Which minerals and vitamin help to make our bones strong?
Answer:
Vitamin D and the mineral calcium makes our bones strong.

Question 7.
What do we obtain from cereals?
Answer:
We obtain flour from cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat and rice.

Question 8.
What is the sugar obtined from jaggery and table sugar called?
Answer:
Sugar obtained from jaggery and table sugar is called sucrose.

Question 9.
How does fibrous substance help in our digestion?
Answer:
Fibrous substances help the food to move forward in the alimentary canal at the right speed.

Question 10.
How is carbohydrates useful to the body?
Answer:
The most important use of carbohydrates is to provide the body with energy.

Question 11.
What happens if our food does not contain enough fibre?
Answer:
If our food does not contain enough fibre it can lead to constipation.

Question 12.
What does paper becoming translucent signify?
Answer:
Paper becoming translucent is a sign of the presence of fats in the food stuff kept on it.

Question 13.
Which food item contain fats?
Answer:
Cream, butter, ghee, oil, nuts, meat, egg, yolk contain fats.

Question 14.
Why does our body store the fats we eat?
Answer:
Our body store the fats we eat because if sometimes food is not available then it can get energy from the stored fats.

Question 15.
Where does the body store fats?
Answer:
The body stores fats in a layer under the skin.

Question 16.
How does fats under the skin help us?
Answer:
The fats under the skin gives shape to the body and like a blanket prevents loss of heat from the body.

Question 17.
How are our internal organs protected?
Answer:
The layer of fat in the body protects our internal organs, that is why, an injury from outside does not at once cause damage to our bones or other internal organs.

Question 18.
Why is protein required in our body?
Answer:
The healing and repair of the tissues in our body goes on all the time without us being aware of it. Proteins are necessary for this process.

Question 19.
Which food stuff contains protein?
Answer:
All the different daals, pulses, groundnuts, milk and milk products like yoghurt, khoya, paneer, eggs, meat and fish are rich sources of proteins.

Question 20.
What are macronutrients?
Answer:
Our body requires carbohydrates, fats and proteins in large proportions. These food constituents are called macronutrients.

Question 21.
What are micronutrients?
Answer:
We need certain food constituents in very small quantities. These are called micronutrients, e.g. vitamins and minerals.

Question 22.
Which vitamins are most important vitamins?
Answer:
Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K are the most important vitamins.

Question 23.
Why do we need vitamins in our body?
Answer:
We need very small quantities of vitamins in . our body as lack of or deficiency of any vitamin
results in serious disorders.

Question 24.
What does deficiency of vitamin ‘A’ lead to?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin A leads to night blindness.

Question 25.
What does deficiency of vitamin D lead to?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin D results in weak and brittle2 bones.

Question 26.
Which minerals are essential for the body?
Answer:
Minerals like iron, calcium, sodium, potassium are essential for the body.

Question 27.
What is ‘anaemia’?
Answer:
If there is a deficiency of iron in the blood, the body does not get enough supply of oxygen and one feels constantly weak and tired. This condition is called ‘anaemia’.

Question 28.
What are the sources of vitamins and minerals?
Answer:
All kinds of fruits, vegetables, green leafy vegetables, sprouted, pulses, their skin and the bran of cereals and pulses are all sources of vitamins and minerals.

Question 29.
What is the requirement for our good health?
Answer:
For good health, our body should get all the different constituents of food, namely, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals in the right quantities.

Question 30.
What happens when a person does not get enough carbohydrates and proteins?
Answer:
If a person does not get enough carbohydrates and proteins, their growth gets stunted, he feels constantly tired and cannot cope with his studies, games or other tasks.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
We should eat fruits with their skins as far as possible.
Answer:

1. The skin of fruits contains, fibres, viatmins and minerals.
2. Vitamins and minerals help our body to resistance.
3. Vitamins and minerals also help in smooth working of all the process taking place in our body.
4. The roughage present in skin allow the smooth movement of food in the alimentary canal and hence prevents constipation.

Therefore we should eat fruits with their skins as far as possible.

Question 2.
Growing children and body builders need to have more proteins in their diet.
Answer:
Proteins are the building blocks of our body. They are needed for healing and repairing the wear and tear taking place in our body. They are also needed for building muscles. Since building up processes take place more in growing children and body builders, their diet should contain more proteins.

Question 3.
If a person is suffering from anaemia, he constantly feels weak and tired.
Answer:
A person suffers from anaemia when he has iron deficiency. Iron is present in the blood cells. Iron helps transporting oxygen to various parts of our body. The oxygen is used to bum the sugars slowly and release energy. This energy releases is used for doing various work.

When there is deficiency of iron, sufficient oxygen is not transported and supplied to various parts of the body. Due to less supply oxygen less energy is released from sugars. Due to lack of energy the person suffering from anaemia constantly feels weak and tired.

Question 4.
It is necessary to include some amount of fats in our food.
Answer:
Fats are stored in our body and when food is not available the body uses this fat to release energy. The fats stored give shape to our body and also prevent loss of heat from our body. This helps in keeping the body warm. The fats also protect our internal organs from damage. Therefore it is necessary to include some amount of fat in our food.

Question 5.
We doesnot wash vegetables after cutting them.
Answer:
Vegetables conatin vitamins and minerals which get washed away if vegetables are washed after cutting them. Hence we do not wash vegetables after cutting them.

Question 6.
State whether the following statements are right or wrong:

1. By eating vada pav daily we can fulfill the nutritional requirement of our body.
2. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet.
3. Our diet will be balanced diet if it contains, variety of food, like dal, rice, roti, vegetable, cereals and salads.
4. Daily eating meat alone would provide all the nutrients to the body.
5. Eating vegetables and fruits makes a person disease resistant.

Answer:

1. Wrong
2. Right
3. Right
4. Wrong
5. Right

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Read the items of food listed below:
Classify them into carbohydrates rich, protein rich and fat rich food and write it in the tabular form.
Chick pea (chana) dal, fish, mustard oil, sweet potato, rice, peas, maize, white bread, sweet corn, paneer, egg, palm oil, ghee, butter.
Answer:

Carbohydrate rich	Protein rich	Fat rich
Rice	Chickpea dal (chana dal)	Mustard oil
Sweet potato	Fish	Palm oil
Maize	Peas	Ghee
White bread	Paneer	Butter
Sweet corn	Egg

Question 4.
Why do we use a padding of cloth under a mortar, when we place it on the floor and pound something on it?
Answer:
The cloth serves as shock absorberIt prevents the floor from getting damaged from the vibrations of the mortar and pestle by absorbing these vibrations. Thus we use the cloth to protect the floor and prevent from cracking due to the providng of the mortar and pestle.

Question 5.
How can you test presence of starch in food?
Answer:
We should take the food item and mash it and put it in a test tube and add some drops of iodine solution. If the colour changes to blackish blue, starch is present. If it remains pale yellow . starch is absent.

Question 6.
What are vitamins?
Answer:
Vitamins are components of foods which help us to fight diseases and they build up our resistance. They are required in small quantities. There are different kinds of vitamins like vitamin A, B, C, D, K and E. The main sources of vitamins are green leafy vegetables and fruits.

Question 7.
Why are carbohydrates called energy giving food?
Answer:
When carbohydrates are digested they are converted to sugars. The sugars combine with oxygen and bum slowly in our body releasing energy. This energy is utilised for doing various work. Hence carbohydrates are called energy giving food.

Question 8.
State the functions of fats in our body.
Answer:
Fats provide energy like carbohydrates. They are stored in our body and are utilised to provide energy when carbohydrates are not available. They give shape to our body and prevent heat loss. Hence they keep our body warm. They also proetct our internal organs from damage as they act like shock absorber.

What’s the solution?

Question 1.
Sameer is having difficulty in seeing things in dim light. Specially he has difficulty in seeing at night. Doctor suggested he is suffering from Night blindness.
Answer:
Sameer is suffering from Vitamin A deficiency. So he should include foods rich in vitamin A. He should include foods like carrots, pumpkins, green leafy vegetables, raddish, mango, papaya in his diet. He can also take vitamin A drops which are given by the doctors in Municipal hospital.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
What substances do we use to give our food a sweet taste?
Answer:
We use sugar and jaggery to give our food a sweet taste. Sometimes dates, also are used to give sweet taste.

Question 2.
What are the preparations that are served as mid day meal?
Answer:
Mostly Khichdi made by cooking mixture of rice, pulses like moongdal, groundnuts, vegetables etc. is served as mid day meal. This is a whole some food as it serves all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fats and vitamins. Sometimes snacks like upma and poha are also served as mid day meal.

Question 3.
Why are boxes of fragile articles like TV, refrigerator, light, bulbs, glasses, mirrors packed with corrugated cardboard, thermocol or bubble wrap?
Answer:
The corrugated cardboard, thermocol or bubble wrap absorb the shocks, when there is a jerky movement and protect the fragile articles from getting damaged. Therefore they are used for packing these fragile articles.

Question 4.
Suppose a wall is to be built. The cement, sand, water is all there but the mason says the most important material is missing. What can that be?
Answer:
The bricks which are building blocks are missing. Without these the walls cannot be built.

Use your brain power:

Question 1.
Threads get stick between the teeth when we eat certain types of magoes. Which kind of carbohydrates are they?
Answer:
The threads found in mangoes are made up of fibres and they are a type of carbohydrate.

Question 2.
Do we get all the different constituents of food from a meal that consists of a green veg thalipeeth eaten with yoghurt?
Answer:
Thalipeeth is made from a flour made by grinding a mixture of cereals and pulses. Cereals and pulses will provide us with carbohydrate and proteins. Green vegetable added to it will provide us with vitamins and some minerals. Yoghurt will also provide us with minerals and proteins. Therefore we will get all the constituents needed if we eat this green veg thalipeeth with yoghurt.

Question 3.
Which food constituents do we get from the ingredients used to make bhel?
Answer:
From the murmura or puffed rice used we get carbohydrates. The sev and farsan used provide, proteins and fats. The vegetables like onion, tomato, coriander etc. provide us with vitamins and minerals. The (sweet and hot) chutneys used also provide us with sugars, vitamins and minerals.

Question 4.
Why do we feel hungrier in winter than we do in summer?
Answer:
The sugars obtained by digestion of carbohydrates are slowly burnt to release energy. Some of the energy released is utilised by the body to generate heat and keep the body warm. During winter when the temperature outside is cold. Therefore the body needs to bum more sugar to generate more heat to keep the body warm. Whereas in summer less heat is required so less sugar is burnt to produce heat.

Since more sugar is required in winter to keep the body warm than in summer, we feel hungrier in winter than we do in summer.

Glossary:

1. resisting – trying to prevent.
2. brittle – hard but can break easily
3. stunted – reduced, spoiled.
4. anaemia – weakness.
5. malnutrition – lack of proper nutrition
6. absorber – reduce the effect of
7. pestle – a device used since ancient times to prepare ingredients or substances by crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or powder.
8. corrugated – a series of parallel ridges and furrows
9. fragile – not strong.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 10 Historic Period Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Historic Period

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 10 Historic Period Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question in one sentence.

Question a.
Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village settlements?
Answer:
The people in the New Stone Age established their village-settlements on the banks of rivers.

Question b.
What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making?
Answer:
The Harappan craftsmen were highly skilled in making bronze objects and beads from semi-precious stones of different colours.

2. Answer the following question in brief.

Question a.
What are some of the well-known characteristics of Harappan cities?
Answer:
The well-known characteristics of Harappan cities are :

1. Systematic town planning.
2. The houses were built in blocks created by parallel roads that crossed each other at right angles.
3. Huge granaries and spacious houses.
4. Concern for public hygiene indicated by bathrooms and latrines in every house and a covered drainage system.
5. Carefully constructed private and public wells.
6. City divided into two to four parts, each having a separate fortification.

Question b.
What made the soil on the banks of the Nile fertile?
Answer:

1. The river Nile gets flooded every year.
2. The land along her banks has become very fertile due to flood deposits.
3. Small embankments were built on the river to store the floodwater.
4. After the soil in the flood water settled to the bottom, the water was used for irrigation.

3. Complete the following chart.

Question 1.
Complete the following chart.

Activities :

Question a.
Show the sites of Harappan Culture in an outline map of india.

Question b.
Visit various artistes in your locality who play musical instruments. Collect information a bout their instruments.

Question c.
Visit some senior citizens in your locality and collect information about the traditional sports and games of their times.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 10 Historic Period Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.

1. ………………….. records are available in the form of inscriptions, manuscripts, books, etc.
2. We humans change the natural character of our …………….. to some extent.
3. Humans do not eat their ……………….. in its natural form as other animals do.
4. Humans make pots, bricks and many other things from ……………
5. Cultures which flourished in the New Stone Age were based on an ………………… way of life.
6. Fertile soil and constant water supply are essential to grow good ………
7. People in the New Stone Age established their village-settlements on the banks of various
8. New Stone Age cultures gave rise to early …………
9. The civilizations of the four regions are known as ……… Civilizations.
10. Mesopotamia is the name of a ………………….
11. Mesopotamia means the ………………… between two rivers.
12. Ancient Mesopotamia was the land between two rivers ………………….. and …………
13. Ancient ……………. has great cities like Ur, Uruk, Nippur etc.
14. The river ………………. flows through the eastern part of the Sahara Desert
15. One of the ancient civilizations that flourished along the banks of river Nile is known as ……………… civilization
16. The ancient civilization of China developed and flourished in the valley of the ……………… river.
17. According to the Chinese tradition, a king named ………………….. introduced agriculture, animal husbandry, carts, chariots, boats and clothing in China.
18. Luoyang, Beijing and Chang are among the important cities of ancient ………… .
19. The earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent is known as ………… civilization.
20. ……………. in Punjab and ……..in Sind are the two sites of the ………………… civilization.
21. The Harappan worshipped……………. and a mother goddess.
22. ……………….. and ………………. were important means of entertainment in Harappan civilization.
23. Games played with the help of game boards and ………….. were also popular.
24. Music and ……………. were also very important in the early civilization.
25. Ancient people used many types of ……… instruments.
26. In Mesopotamia, a stringed instrument ………… known as ……………… was very popular.
27. Egyptian kings were known as ………..
28. A bronze image of a …………….. was found in excavation at Mohen-jo-daro.

Answer:

1. written
2. surroundings
3. food
4. clay
5. agricultural
6. crop
7. rivers
8. civilizations
9. Riverine
10. region
11. and
12. Tigris, Euphrates
13. Mesopotamia
14. Nile
15. Egyptian
16. Huang He
17. Huangdi
18. China
19. Harappan
20. Harappa, Mohen-jo-daro
21. Pashupati
22. hunting, wrestling
23. gamesmen
24. dance
25. musical
26. Balag
27. Pharaoh
28. dancer.

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
How are written records available?
Answer:
Written records are available in the form of inscriptions, manuscripts, books etc.

Question 2.
What brought an end to the New Stone Age?
Answer:
With the rise of ancient civilization, the New Stone Age came to an end and the Historic Period began.

Question 3.
What is a significant difference between humans and animals?
Answer:
Animals do not bring about change in their environment, whereas humans change the character of their surroundings, they process substances from nature to suit their needs. This is the significant difference between humans and animals.

Question 4.
Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village-settlements?
Answer:
The people in the New Stone Age established their village settlements on the banks of various rivers.

Question 5.
Why did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village-settlements on the banks of various rivers?
Answer:
Fertile soil and constant water supply are essential to grow good crops. Since the people in the New Stone Age followed the agricultural way of life, they established their village settlements on the banks of various rivers.

Question 6.
What gave rise to the early civilizations?
Answer:
Increased production because of industrial skills, the use of the wheel, flourishing of trade, use of well-developed scripts etc. gave rise to the early civilization.

Question 7.
In which four regions of the world did the ancient civilization come into existence?
Answer:
Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent and China are the four regions of the world where ancient civilization came into existence.

Question 8.
What are these four civilizations called? Why?
Answer:
The ancient civilizations in these four regions developed in river valleys and hence they are called ‘Riverine Civilizations!

Question 9.
What does Mesopotamia mean?
Answer:
Mesopotamia means ‘Land between two rivers’

Question 10.
Between which two rivers did Mesopotamia bloom?
Answer:
Mesopotamia bloomed between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates.

Question 11.
Which were the ancient cities in Mesopotamia?
Answer:
Cities like Ur, Uruk, Nippur blossomed in ancient Mesopotamia.

Question 12.
Where did the Egyptian Civilization flourish?
Answer:
The Egyptian Civilization flourished along the banks of river Nile in the north of Africa.

Question 13.
Where did the ancient civilization at China flourish?
Answer:
The ancient civilization of China flourished in the valley of the Huang He River.

Question 14.
What did the Chinese King introduce to the civilization?
Answer:
A Chinese king Huangdi introduced agriculture, animal husbandry, wheeled carts and chariots, boats and clothing in China.

Question 15.
What was the ancient Chinese belief?
Answer:
The ancient Chinese believed that their queen invented the technique of silk production and silk dyeing

Question 16.
Which were the important cities of ancient China?
Answer:
Luoyang, Beijing and Chang were the important cities of ancient China.

Question 17.
Which was the earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization was the earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent.

Question 18.
Where did the Harappan Civilization develop?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization developed in the Indus Valley.

Question 19.
‘Indus’ is the English word for which name?
Answer:
‘Indus is the English word for the name ‘Sindhu’.

Question 20.
Which two sites of Harappan Civilization was unearthed first?
Answer:
Harappa in Punjab and Mohenjo-daro in Sind were the two sites of Harappan Civilization.

Question 21.
Which are the famous sites of the Harappan Civilization in India?
Answer:
Lothal and Dhola Vira in Gujarat and Kalibangan in Rajasthan are among the famous sites of the Harappan Civilization in India.

Question 22.
What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making?
Answer:
The Harappan craftsmen were highly skilled in making bronze objects and beads from precious stones of various colours.

Question 23.
Which things had great demand in Mesopotamia?
Answer:
The bronze objects and beads made of colourful precious stones made by the Harappan craftsman were in great demand in Mesopotamia.

Question 24.
Which were the main deities of the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Pashuapati and a mother goddess were the main deities of the Harappan civilization.

Question 25.
Which were the important sports of the Harappans?
Answer:
Hunting and wrestling were the important sports of the Harappans.

Question 26.
Which were the popular indoor games of the Harappans?
Answer:
Games played with the help of game boards and gamesmen were popular indoor games of the Harappans.

Question 27.
Which indoor game similar to chess was played in ancient Egypt?
Answer:
Senat’ a game similar to chess was played in ancient Egypt

Question 28.
List some toys found in the excavations of Harappan sites.
Answer:
Whirls, whistles, rattles, bullock carts, animals and birds on wheels etc were some of the ‘toy’ found in the excavations of Harappan sites.

Question 29.
What was important in celebrating any festival in early civilizations?
Answer:
Music and dance were very essential in elebrating any festival in early civilizations.

Question 30.
What is ‘Balag’?
Answer:
In Mesopotamia, a stringed instrument known as ‘Balag’ was very popular.

Question 31.
Name some musical instruments in early civilization.
Answer:
Cymbals, rattles, flutes, drums etc. were some of the musical instrumentof the early civilization

Question 32.
What were the Egyptian kings known as?
Answer:
The Egyptian kings were known as ‘Pharaohs’?

Question 33.
What did the Pharaoh do on the occasion of certain festivals?
Answer:
On the occasion of certain festivals, the Pharaoh himself used to participate in the celebrations and dance.

Question 34.
What shows that dance was important in the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The bronze image of a dancer found in the excavation’ at Mohen-jo-daro is evidence that dance was important in the Harappan Civilization.

Question 35.
On what did humans and all other animals depend for satisfying their needs?
Answer:
Humans and all other animals depend on their environment and nature for satisfying their needs.

Question 36.
What are the characteristics of the earthen pots of the Harappan?
Answer:
The characteristics of the earthen ports are that they are well-baked, red in colour with beautiful designs.

Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
What is ‘culture’?
Answer:

1. Every generation hands over the knowledgeof artistic skills and tradition to the next generation.
2. With this exchange of thoughts and ideas, language becomes richer and richer.
3. The knowledge of various arts, skills and tradition inherited from generation to generation and the way of life founded on that knowledge is ‘culture

Question 2.
What made the soil fertile on the banks of Nile?
Answer:
i. River Nile gets flooded every year. The land along her banks becomes very fertile because of the flood deposits.
ii. Ancient Egyptians used to build small embankments on the river to store the flood water. After the soil in the flood water settles at the bottom, the water is then used for irrigation

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of the earthen pots made by the Harappans?
Answer:
The characteristics of the earthen pots made by the Harappans are

1. Well baked pots, red in colour.
2. These pots had beautiful designs like pipal leaves and fish scales.
3. When tapped, these pots produced a metallic sound.

Question 4.
Explain how music and dance were very important in early civilizations.
Answer:

1. Music and dance were very important in the early civilizations.
2. They were an essential part of celebrating a festival.
3. Ancient people used many types of musical instruments like balag, cymbals, rattles, flutes, drums, etc.
4. A bronze image of a dancer was found in the excavation at Mohen-jo-daro is evidence that dance too, was important in the Harappan Civilization.

Question 5.
Which were the games and sports of the ancient civilizations?
Answer:

1. Hunting and wrestling were important sports in the ancient civilizations.
2. There were several games played on game boards like chess.
3. In ancient Egypt people played a game that was similar to chess known as Senat’.

Glossary :

1. rattles : an instrument making rattling sound
2. cymbals : brass instruments
3. worshipped : prayed to
4. bloomed : sprout out
5. dyeing : add a colour to or change a colour
6. excavation : a site that has ben escavated
7. fertile : capable of producing vegetation
8. spacious : having ample space
9. drainage : all the components that carry the sewage and other waste water to a point of disposal
10. hygiene : maintaining cleanlines
11. metallic : made of metal

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Textbook Questions and Answers

1. what’s the solution?

Question 1.
A person has fainted and a crowd of people has surrounded him.

2. Use your brain power!

Question (a)
Why do we sometimes choke suddenly while eating?
Answer:
The food that we chew in the mouth enters the oesophagus after swallowing. The upper ends of both the oesophagus and the windpipe open in the throat next to each other. When we swallow the food in a hurry while eating, sometimes the food suddenly enters the windpipe causing us to suddenly choke.

Question (b)
How is the air that we inhale purified in our body?
Answer:
The inner lining of the respiratory tract secretes a sticky substance called mucus. It also has hair-like structures called cilia. The air that we inhale is purified with the help of this mucus and cilia. The cilia filter the dust, smoke, micro-organisms etc. and these substances get entangled in the sticky mucus and stick to the inner lining of the nose. Sometimes the cilia push out these substances towards the nostrils which is then blown out by sneezing. Thus this is how air that we inhale is purified.

3. Fill in the blanks.

Question (a)
………………… gas is continuously transported to all parts of the body.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
Answer:
(a) Oxygen

Question (b)
The stomach is like a …………………… .
(a) ball
(b) skin
(c) bag
Answer:
(c) bag

4. Match the columns:

Question 1.
Match the columns:

Group ‘A’	Group ’B’
1. Lungs	(a) Circulation
2. Stomach	(b) Respiration
3. Heart	(c) Co-ordination
4. Brain	(d) Digestion

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ’B’
1. Lungs	(b) Respiration
2. Stomach	(d) Digestion
3. Heart	(a) Circulation
4. Brain	(c) Co-ordination

5. Answer the following questions.

Question (a)
Name the systems that carry out the different functions of the body.
Answer:
The systems that carry out the different functions of the body are Digestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Excretory system, Nervous system and Skeletal system.

Question (b)
Describe how the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place in the lungs.
Answer:
The air that we inhale contains oxygen. This outside air reaches the lungs with the help of the respiratory organs like nose, trachea and diaphragm. When the outside air reaches the alveoli present in the lungs it passes into the thin blood vessels around the alveoli.

With the blood, it flows to the various parts of the body. At the same time the carbon dioxide that is brought by the blood from all parts of the body leave the blood and enters the alveoli. When we exhale this carbon dioxide is given out. In this way the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place in the lungs.

Question (c)
Why do we call saliva, a digestive juice?
Answer:
The digestive juice are the juices secreted by the glands present outside the digestive system and they help in digesting the food. When food is taken in the mouth, saliva is secreted by the glands called salivary glands into the mouth.

The saliva then mixes with the food that is chewed and it converts the food into soft moist ball called bolus which is easy to swallow. The saliva also digests the starch present in the food. Since saliva helps in digestion of food it, is called a digestive juice.

6. Choose the appropriate word from the brackets:

Question (a)
Respiration takes place because of its up and down movement.
Answer:
diaphragm

Question (b)
The process of keeping the blood flowing continuously throughout the body
Answer:
circulation

Question (c)
Air that enters through the nose and passes into this tube.
Answer:
trachea

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
The …………………. is present between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity below the lung.
(a) stomach
(b) diaphragm
(c) heart
Answer:
(b) diaphragm

Question 2.
The air sacs formed at the end of the last branches of the trachea are called ………………… .
(a) alveoli
(b) thoracic
(c) blood vessel
Answer:
(a) alveoli

Question 3.
The inner lining of the respiratory organs has the fine hair-like structures called ……………….. .
(a) nose
(b) cilia
(c) alveoli
Answer:
(b) cilia

Question 4.
A layer of sticky substances present in the inner lining of the respiratory organ is known as …………… .
(a) mucus
(b) cilia
(c) skin
Answer:
(a) mucus

Question 5.
Smoking causes life threatning diseases like ………………… .
(a) lung cancer
(b) asthma
(c) pneumonia
Answer:
(a) lung cancer

Question 6.
The process of digestion begins in the …………….. .
(a) stomach
(b) oesophagus
(c) mouth
Answer:
(c) mouth

Question 7.
Small intestine of an adult is …………………. long and the large intestine is ………………. long.
(a) 7 mtrs
(b) 1 1/2 mtr
(c) 2 mtrs
Answer:
(a) 7 mtrs, (b) 1 1/2 mtr

Question 8.
………………….. is the hardest substance in our body.
(a) Tooth enamel
(b) Nail
(c) Hair
Answer:
(a) Tooth enamel

Question 9.
…………………… is secreted by the salivary glands.
(a) Mucus
(b) Saliva
(c) Cilia
Answer:
(b) Saliva

Question 10.
It is necessary for the body to get a continuous supply of ………………… .
(a) oxygen
(b) nitrogen
(c) carbon dioxide
Answer:
(a) oxygen

Question 11.
When the diaphragm moves …………….. we breathe in.
(a) upward
(b) sideways
(c) downward
Answer:
(c) downward

Question 12.
The food we eat is ………………….. in our body.
(a) mixed
(b) churned
(c) digested
Answer:
(c) digested

Question 13.
The teeth, tongue and saliva all help to convert food into a soft moist ball called a …………………………. .
(a) bolus
(b) cilia
(c) saliva
Answer:
(a) bolus

Question 14.
As a result of respiration, …………………. enters the blood in the body and spreads to all parts of the body.
(a) carbon
(b) sulphur
(c) oxygen
Answer:
(c) oxygen

Question 15.
The process of keeping the blood flowing through all parts of the body is called ……………….. circulation.
(a) body
(b) blood
(c) oxygen
Answer:
(b) blood

Question 16.
As long as we are alive, the process of blood ………………… goes on continuously, day and night.
(a) respiration
(b) circulation
(c) co-ordination
Answer:
(b) circulation

Question 17.
Maintaining the co-ordination of the different functions in the body is the function of the ……………… .
(a) lung
(b) nerves
(c) brain
Answer:
(c) brain

Question 18.
A network of ………………… carry messages to and fro between the brain and the parts of the body.
(a) nerves
(b) blood vessels
(c) muscles
Answer:
(a) nerves

Question 19.
The brain and the network of nerves are together called the ………………. system.
(a) circulatory
(b) nervous
(c) respiratory
Answer:
(b) nervous

Define the following or Explain the terms:

Question 1.
System
Answer:
A group of organs that carry out similar functions in the body is called a system.

Question 2.
Blood circulation
Answer:
The process of keeping the blood flowing through all parts of the body is called blood circulation.

Question 3.
Digestion
Answer:
The process of converting food to simpler substances which can get mixed into blood easily is called digestion.

Question 4.
Respiration
Answer:
The process of entering of oxygen into the blood, so that it can be used to burn the food and release energy is called respiration.

Question 3.
Choose the appropriate word from the brackets:
(constipation, trachea, diaphragm, circulation, breathing, brain, enamel)

1. Maintaining co-ordination between various systems is its function.
2. When there is a tooth decay this is corroded a.
3. The process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.
4. Passing hard stool or not passing stool regularly.

Answer:

1. brain
2. enamel
3. breathing
4. constipation

4.

Question (A)
Match the columns:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. Mouth	(a) Excess water present is absorbed
2. Stomach	(b) Faeces collected
3. Small intestine	(c) Formation of bolus
4. Large intestine	(d) Food absorbed into the blood
5. Rectum	(e) Food changes to thin slurry

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. Mouth	(c) Formation of bolus
2. Stomach	(e) Food changes to thin slurry
3. Small intestine	(d) Food absorbed into the blood
4. Large intestine	(a) Excess water present is absorbed
5. Rectum	(b) Faeces collected

Question 5.
Name the following:

1. An organ that pumps blood continuously.
2. An organ that maintains and co-ordinates the functioning of all the organ systems.
3. An organ that expels4faeces.
4. Organs which are affected by drinking alcohol for a long period of time.
5. A system that gives support and shape to the body.
6. A system that expels the waste substances that are formed in the body.

Answer:

1. Heart
2. Brain
3. Anus
4. Liver and Kidney
5. Skeletal System
6. Excretory System

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which organ helps us to enjoy many different tastes and flavours while having our meals?
Answer:
The tongue and the nose help us to sense the taste and flavours while having our meal.

Question 2.
Name the organs of the digestive system. (Use your brain power.)
Answer:
The organs of the digestive system are mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus and all the other outside glands like salivary glands, liver and pancreas.

Question 3.
In which cavity of the body are the brain, lungs, heart and stomach situated and what is its function?
Answer:
The brain is situated in the cranial cavity, the heart and the lung is present the thoracic cavity and the stomach is present in the abdominal cavity. The bones present in the cavity protect these delicate organs.

Question 4.
Which bones protect the brain, heart and lungs and the stomach?
Answer:
The brain is protected by the skull, the heart and lungs are protected by rib cage as they are present inside it and the stomach is protected by strong muscles and by the rib cage.

Question 5.
How is faeces formed?
Answer:
When the digested food and water gets absorbed into the blood, and then what remains behind forms the faeces.

Question 6.
How many times do humans breathe per minute when resting or sitting comfortably?
Answer:
A healthy adult breathes 16-20 times per minute whereas a child of 6 months breathes 25-40 times per minutes and a child of 6-10 years breathes 18-25 times per minute.

Question 7.
How many times does one breathe after running a hundred metre race?
Answer:
When a person runs a race the breath rate is more than 16-20 times per minute for an adult and more than 18-25 times per minute for a child of 6 -10 years.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Harmful substances like dust, smoke and microorganisms present in the air cannot reach the lungs.
Answer:
The inner lining of the nose has thin hair-like structures called cilia. This inner lining also secretes a sticky substance called mucus. The harmful substances like dust, smoke, micro-organisms etc. are filtered by the cilia and they get entangled in the mucus.

This then sticks to the inner lining of the nose. The cilia sometimes pushes these substances towards the nostril. This is then blown out by sneezing. Thus the harmful substances are prevented from entering the lungs.

Question 2.
Smoking for a long time reduces the efficiency of the lung.
Answer:
When one keeps smoking over a long period of time, the toxic substances in the smoke collect in the respiratory tract. The solid particles in this tobacco smoke form a sticky layer inside the alveoli. As these toxic substances get collected more and more, the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide does not take place properly. Therefore, the efficiency of the lung decreases.

Question 3.
It is important to drink adequate quantities of water after eating.
Answer:
Water is absorbed through the alimentary canal and used for all processes. If one does not drink enough water digestion cannot take place properly, as food cannot keep moving properly. This will lead to constipation. Also water absorbed is used for the proper functioning of all other body processes. Therefore, it is important to drink adequate quantity of water.

Question 4.
We must not eat in a hurry and avoid speaking while eating.
Answer:
The upper ends of both the oesophagus and the windpipe open in the throat next to each other. When food is swallowed the wind pipe remains closed. If we eat in a hurry or speak while eating, food may enter the windpipe and cause us to choke. To avoid this from happening, we must not eat in a hurry or speak while eating.

Question 5.
It is dangerous to drive after drinking alcohol.
Answer:
Alcohol affects the nervous system. Hence when one drinks alcohol, one loses control over the movements of the body due to lack of co-ordination. Due to lack of co-ordination while driving when many accidents occur on the road, leading to loss of life. Therefore, it is dangerous to drive after drinking alcohol.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Describe which systems work together to provide the body with energy.
Answer:
The oxygen present in the inhaled air enters the blood due to the respiratory system. The food is digested and it also enters the blood due to the digestive system. The blood then flows to every part of the body due to circulatory system and it supplies the digested food and oxygen.

The food acts as fuel and it bums slowly in presence of oxygen releasing energy. This energy is then used by various parts of the body to do work. Thus the respiratory system, digestive system and circulatory system work together to provide the body with energy.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Describe the process of digestion taking place in the stomach.
Answer:
The soft bolus which is swallowed enters the stomach through the oesophagus. Here the food is then churned. The digestive juices mix with this food and bring about some digestive process. At the same time disease producing . germs present in the food are destroyed. The food then changes into a thin slurry’ and passes into the small intestine.

Question 2.
How is food absorbed into the blood?
Answer:
The thin slurry formed in the stomach enters the small intestine. Many glands like liver, pancreas secrete their digestive juices into the small intestine. These secretions help in the digestive process. As a result of these processes, some substances which can easily mix with the blood are formed. These substances are then absorbed into the blood.

Question 3.
Give the functions of the following system, (a) Skeletal System (b) Nervous System (c) Excretory System.
Answer:
(a) Skeletal System gives support and shape to our body. They also protect the important organs like brain, heart, lungs, etc. present in our body.
(b) Nervous System: It helps to co-ordinate the functions of various systems. Thus it maintains the smooth functioning of all the systems.
(c) Excretory System: It helps to expel the waste produced in our body and helps in keeping us
healthy.

Question 4.
How do we inhale and exhale air?
Answer:
When the diaphragm moves down, the air is sucked inside the lung. Thus air is inhaled when diaphragm moves up the air inside the lung is pushed out. Thus the air is exhaled. The up and down movement of the diaphragm causes us to exhale and inhale air.

Question 5.
Draw neat and labelled diagram of:
(1) Respiratory system (2) Digestive system.
Answer:
1. Respiratory system

2. Digestive system

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Name the organs that bring about respiration.
Answer:
The organs that help in respiration are, the nose, the trachea or wind pipe, the diaphragm and the lungs.

Question 2.
How do we know that we are hungry and that we should eat?
Answer:
When the food absorbed in the blood gets exhausted, after release of energy, the message reaches the brain via the network of nerves. Due to this, the brain then gets the signal that the body needs food. We realise we are hungry and we need to eat food.

Question 3.
How do the salivary glands come to know that there is food in the mouth and it is time to secrete saliva?
Answer:
When we eat food the nerve present in the nose and tongue send the message via the network of nerves to the brain. The brain then sends the message to the salivary gland to secrete the saliva. This is how the salivary glands comes to know that there is food in the mouth and it needs to secrete saliva.

Question 4.
What makes respiration and blood circulation go on all the time and the process of digestion happen at the right time?
Answer:
Our body needs energy to do work. Due to this our body requires a supply of oxygen continuously. Thus to supply oxygen continuously respiration goes on continuously. To carry oxygen to all the parts of the body continuously blood needs to circulate. Therefore circulation also needs to go on continuously. When energy is released the food absorbed in the blood gets exhausted. Through the network of nerves the brain gets the message and it signals us that we are hungry and we need to eat food.

The moment we eat food the nervous system brings about co-ordination between the digestive organs and digestion takes place at the right time. Thus respiration and blood circulation go on all the time and the process of digestion happens at the right time.

Glossary:

1. moist – slightly wet
2. churned – moved vigorously.
3. adequate – acceptable in quantity.
4. corroded – damaged
5. expels – forces out from body.
6. choke – difficulty in breathing
7. secretes -produces and discharges (a substance).
8. slurry – a semi-liquid mixture.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Textbook Questions and Answers

1. From the chart below, find out the names of the three periods into which ancient objects are classified and use them to match the three classes given below.

Question 1.
From the chart below, find out the names of the three periods into which ancient objects are classified and use them to match the three classes given below.

S	I	G	P	M	I
C	O	P	P	E	R
A	E	C	O	L	O
S	T	O	N	E	N

a. Stone tools : ………. Age.
b. Copper tools and other copper objects : ………… Age.
c. Iron tools and other iron objects : …………. Age.
Answer:
a. Stone tools : Stone Age.
b. Copper tools and other copper objects : Copper Age.
c. Iron tools and other iron objects : Iron Age.

2. Arrange the following in chronological order.

Question a.
Arrange the following in chronological order.

1. Copper
2. Gold
3. Iron

Answer:

1. Gold
2. Copper
3. Iron.

Question b.
Arrange the following in chronological order.

1. Copper Age
2. Iron Age
3. Stone Age

Answer:

1. Stone Age
2. Copper Age
3. Iron Age.

3. Write about the consequence of the following event.

Question a.
Discovery of copper …………
Answer:
Copper was used for making tools and implements by humans.

Question b.
Discovery of wheel ………..
Answer:
The wheel was first used by the potters and later for running bullock carts and chariots.

Question c.
Use of script …………
Answer:
The script is used for permanent record-keeping production and other events.

4. Write notes.

Question a.
Use of metal.
Answer:

1. Christian Thomsen studied the pre-historic artifacts and antique objects and introduced the ‘Three Age System’ for classifying these objects.
2. The objects were classified into the following order :
   • Stone tools
   • Copper tools and articles
   • Iron tools and articles.
3. Gold was the first metal used. It was a soft metal and could not be used to make tools and implements.
4. Humans discovered copper to make tools and thereby the ‘Copper Age’ began.

Question b.
Social organization in the ancient cities
Answer:

1. The roots of culture in cities were in the culture of village-settlements of the New Stone Age.
2. The earlier faith system, social life, and festivals became more elaborate in cities.
3. Grand temples were built in many cities. Chiefs of these temples became chief administrators of these cities. Later the positions of temple head and King were held by the same individual.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.

1. ……….. in Europe had large collections of pre-historic artefacts and antique objects.
2. A scholar named .. ……….. introduced a method for classifying the pre-historic artefacts.
3. The method put forth by Thomsen is called the Three ………… System.
4. Thomsen established with the help of evidence that ……………. tools were the earliest.
5. The period of ………………. tools and articles was next.
6. It is a belief that ………………….. was the first metal to come into use.
7. Actually, ……. Was the first metal to be used.
8. ……………could not be used to make tools and implements.
9. The invention of the …………….. is the most important invention.
10. The ………… was first used by potters.
11. Once the potters began to use a wheel, it became possible to make pots in …….. numbers.
12. People started making …………… pots with beautiful designs painted on them.
13. As the scale of production increased, ……….. too expanded with it.
14. Wheeled vehicles like ……….. and ………. were first to come into use.
15. It became necessary to keep permanent …… of the expanding trade and growing production.
16. Rise in trade had been a major factor that contributed to the emergence and development of ………… .
17. The social life and …………… based on agricultural faith systems became more elaborate in cities.
18. Grand …………. were built in many cities.
19. Chiefs of those temples became chief ………… of these cities.
20. The positions of the temple head and that of the king went to the …………… individual
21. Urban culture had its roots in the culture …………. of the New Stone Age.

Answer:

1. museums
2. Christian Thomsen
3. Age
4. stone
5. copper
6. copper
7. gold
8. gold
9. wheel
10. wheel
11. large
12. symmetrical
13. trade
14. cart, chariots
15. records
16. cities
17. festivals
18. temples
19. administrators
20. same
21. village-settlements.

Answer each of the following question in one sentence:

Question 1.
Where were the artefacts and antique objects placed?
Answer:
Pre-historic artefacts and antique objects were placed in museums in Europe.

Question 2.
Who introduced the system of classifying the artefacts?
Answer:
A scholar named Christian Thomsen introduced the method for classifying the artefacts.

Question 3.
What was the system introduced by Christian Thomsen called?
Answer:
The classifying system by Thomsen was called the “Three Age System’.

Question 4.
Into which periods were the artefacts classified?
Answer:
They were classified into three periods i.e. Stone Age, Copper Age and Iron Age respectively.

Question 5.
Which was the first metal to be used?
Answer:
Gold was the first metal to be used.

Question 6.
Why could gold not be used to make tools and implements?
Answer:
Gold is a soft metal so it could be used to make tools and implements.

Question 7.
Which other metal was discovered?
Answer:
Copper was discovered.

Question 8.
Which was the most important invention in the Copper Age?
Answer:
The invention of the wheel was the most important invention in the Copper Age.

Question 9.
By whom was the wheel first used by?
Answer:
Wheel was first used by potters.

Question 10.
With the use of wheel, what was possible for the potters?
Answer:
With the use of the wheel, the potters were able to make a large number of symmetrical and beautiful pots.

Question 11.
Why did potters and other craftsmen began to live close to each other in the settlements?
Answer:
In the village settlements, the potters and craftsmen lived close to each other so as to manage their work more easily.

Question 12.
What led to the expansion of trade?
Answer:
Increase in production led to the expansion of the trade.

Question 13.
Which wheeled vehicles came in to use?
Answer:
Wheeled vehicles like carts and chariots came into use.

Question 14.
What happened when carts and chariots were introduced?
Answer:
Long distance trade and rapid transport of goods became possible with the introduction of wheels into transport.

Question 15.
What became necessary due to the expanding trade?
Answer:
It became necessary to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing population

Question 16.
What was used to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing production?
Answer:
Script was developed for the purpose of keeping permanent records of expanding trade and growing production.

Question 17.
What did rise in trade contribute to?
Answer:
Rise in trade contributed to the emergence and development of cities.

Question 18.
What was built in cities?
Answer:
Grand temples were built in cities.

Question 19.
Who became the chief administrator of the cities?
Answer:
The chiefs of the temple became the chief administrator of the cities.

Question 20.
What did the position of temple-head merge into?
Answer:
The position of the temple-head merged into that of the king.

Answer each of the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Explain in brief the ‘Three Age System’.
Answer:

1. A scholar named Christian Thomsen introduced this method of classifying pre historic artefacts.
2. Thomsen classified the objects into three groups.
   • Stone Age – Stone tools
   • Copper Age – Copper tools and other copper articles.
   • Iron Age – Iron tools and other iron articles.

Question 2.
Which village settlements expanded rapidly?
Answer:

1. Potters and craftsmen began to live close to each other in the settlement so as to manage their work more easily.
2. This became the industrial area of that village where skilled craftsmen had their settlements and centres of production
3. This happened mainly in those village settlements where the raw material was easily available and in those which were conveniently situated for trade.
4. Such village-settlements expanded rapidly.

Question 3.
Why was the need to maintain records felt?
Answer:
i. Long distance trade, rapid transport of goods and centres of large scale production are factors that brought together people engaged in different types of work.
ii. Therefore, it became necessary to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing population.

Question 4.
How did each culture develop its own script?
Answer:

1. There was an increase in trade and production and also the growth in the volume of records to be kept
2. This resulted in much modification and improvement in the signs and symbols used for these purposes.
3. In this way, each culture developed its own script.

Question 5.
How did kingship develop in cities?
Answer:

1. Grand temples were built in many cities that had prospered due to the rise in trade.
2. Chiefs of those temples became chief administrators of those cities.
3. Later, the positions of the temple head and that of the king went to the same individual.
4. This is how initially kingship developed in the ancient urban civilizations.

Question 6.
How did the people engaged in different
types of work come together?
Answer:

1. Expansion of village-settlements resulted in increase in production.
2. Due to increase in production, trade too expanded and there was then a need to change the old systems of transport.
3. Long distance trade, rapid transport of goods and centres of large scale production are factors that brought together people engaged in different types of work.

Question 7.
What is ‘pivot?
Answer:
i. A pointed quartz pebble fixed at the bottom of a potter’s wheel is called a pivot.
ii. When the potter’s wheel is put in motion, it is balanced on this pivot and thus revolves with a great speed.

Question 8.
Into how many groups is the Three Age System’ classified?
Answer:
The Three Age System’, is classified into.

• Stone Age – Stone tools
• Copper Age – Copper tools and other articles
• Iron Age – Iron tools and other articles.

Glossary :

1. antique : ancient, hare
2. classifying : separating
3. Urban : of a town or city
4. rapid : fast
5. scripts : written text
6. emergence : process of coming into existence
7. durable : able to withstand pressure or damages