Class 11 – Page 2 – Maharashtra Board Solutions

11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 4 Exercise Accounting Package (GNUKhata) Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Accounting Package (GNUKhata) 11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 4 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 4 Accounting Package (GNUKhata) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 4 Exercise Solutions

SOP 1: Use of Accounting Package to create a company.
Create a company with the following particulars.
Company Name: B.B Enterprises
Case: Upper Case
Company Type: Profit Making
Financial Year: 01-04-2019 to 31-03-2020
Use GNUKhata for: Accounting Only
Create a profile with relevant data for any company. Create an Admin account for the company.
Answer:
Step 1: Open GNUKhata Application. Click on ‘company Setup Wizard’ or (press shift + control + C)

Step 2: While creating a company the following details are to be given.
Company Name: B.B Enterprises
Case: Upper Case
Company Type: Profit Making
Financial Year: 01/04/2019 to 31/03/2020
Use GNUKhata for: Accounting Only
Fill in all the required details and click on proceed button on the right button corner.

Step 3: Enter Appropriate Company Information in the Given Field.
Company Profile window appears, in that window fill in the details and click on proceed button on the right bottom corner.

Step 4: Create Admin Next step is the ‘create Admin’ which is mandatory with proper user name and password. Fill in the fields and click on ‘Create & Login button, the company will be created.
Now your Company is ready.

Step 5: Admin Dashboard After login, the following admin dashboard, appears.

SOP 2: Create ledger accounts using the accounting Package.
Create ledger accounts for the following and allocate proper groups.

Import duty
Insurance
Machinery
Audit Fee
Purchase
Sales
Telephone charges
Interest Received
Salary
Professional fees

Answer:
Step 1: You Can select an already created company using the ‘Select Existing Company ’ Option on Opening Screen.

Step 2: Log in with User Name and Password

Step 3: To create an account (ledger account) click on the Hamburger Menu available at the left top corner of the dashboard.
Click on the Master Account → It allows you to create an account.
The following table shows the group name, sub-group name, and account name which are to be created.

Group Name	Sub Group Name	Account / Ledger Name
Direct Expenses	None	Import Duty
Indirect Expenses	None	Insurance
Fixed Assets	Plant & Machinery	Machinery
Indirect Expenses	None	Audit fee
Direct Expense	None	Purchase
Direct Income	None	Sales
Indirect Expense	None	Telephone charges
Indirect Income	None	Interest received
Indirect Expense	None	Salary
Direct Income	None	Professional Fees

Information Technology 11th Std Skill Oriented Practicals (SOP)

11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Exercise Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) 11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Exercise Solutions

SOP 1: Create a JavaScript program for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt functions, and control structures.

To accept an integer and display the result by multiplying it with 3.
To accept two integers and display a larger number of them.
To check whether the user entered number is positive or negative.

Answer:
To accept integer and display the result by multiplying it with 3.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To accept integer and display the result by multiplying it with 3.</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”> var a,no,ans;
a=prompt(Enter any value’);
no=parseInt(a);
ans=no*3;
document.
write(“The answer is :”+ans);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.1

To accept two integers and display larger number of them.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To accept two integers and display larger number of them.</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a,b;
a=prompt(‘Enter first value’);
b=prompt(‘Enter second value’);
if(a>b)
document.write(“a is large number than b “);
else
document. write(“b is large number than a”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.3

To check whether, user entered number is positive or negative.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To check whether, user entered number is positive or negative</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a,no;
a=prompt(‘Enter any number’);
no=parseInt(a);
if(no>0)
document.write(“Number is Positive”);
else
document.write(“Number is Negative”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.4

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.5

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 1.6

SOP 2: Create a JavaScript program for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt functions, and control structures.

To accept two positive or negative numbers and check whether they are equal or not.
To accept a number and display the square of it.
To check whether the accepted integer is multiple of 3 or multiple of 7.

Answer:
To accept two positive or negative numbers and check whether they are equal or not.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>program3</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”> var no1,no2;
no1=prompt(‘Enter first number’);
no2=prompt(‘Enter Second number’);
if(no1==no2)
document.write(“Both are equal”);
else
document.write(“Given numbers are not equal”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2.1

To accept number and display square of it.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To accept number and display square of it</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language-’j avascript”>
var no,sqr;
no=prompt(‘Enter Any number’);
sqr=no*no;
document, write (“The Square is=”+sqr);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2.2

To check whether the accepted integer is multiple of 3 or multiple of 7.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>To check whether the accepted integer is multiple of 3 or multiple of 7.</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=JavaScript>
var a;
a=prompt(“Enter your first interger / number”);
if(a%3==0 | | a%7==0)
alert(“multiple of 3 or 7”);
else
alert(“not a multiple of 3 or 7”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 2.3

SOP 3: Create a JavaScript program for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt string functions, and control structures.

To accept a string and calculate its length.
To accept a string and display it in lowercase and uppercase.
To check whether the length of the string is 4 or greater.

Answer:
To accept a string and calculate its length.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>program8</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a;
a=prompt(‘Enter string’);
document.write(“The length is=”+a.length);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.1

To accept string and display it into lowercase and uppercase.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title> To accept string and display it into lowercase and uppercase</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a;
a=prompt(‘Enter any string’);
document.write(“<br>Entering Strings “+a);
document.write(“<br>Lowercase=”+a.toLowerCase());
document.writeln(“<br>Uppercase=”+a.toUpperCase());
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.2
To check whether the length of string is 4 or greater.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> JavaScript</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language=JavaScript>
var a,b;
a=prompt(“Enter your text”);
b=a.length;
if(b=4 || b>=4)
alert(‘‘your length is 4 or greater”);
else
alert(“your text length is below 4”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 3.4

SOP 4: Create event-driven JavaScript programs for the following using appropriate variables, JavaScript inbuilt functions, and control structures.
To accept numbers and validate if the given value is a number or not by clicking on the button.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.4
To calculate the addition and division of two numbers.

Answer:
To accept number and validate if the given value is a number or not by click
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> To accept number and validate if the given value is a number or not by clicking on the button.
</title>
</head>
<script language-’JavaScript”>
function display()
{
var a,b;
a=form1.t1;value;
if(a>=0)
alert(“Value is a number”+” “+a);
else
alert(“Value is a string”+” “+a);
}
</script>
</head>
</body>
<form name=form1>
Enter Value: <Input type=text name=t1><br><br>
<Input type=button value=Check onClick=”display()”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.2

To calculate addition and division of two numbers.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>To calculate addition and division of two numbers.</title>
<script langauge=”javascript”>
function add()
{
var a,b,result;
a=f1.t1.value;
b=f1.t2.value;
result=parselnt(a)+parselnt(b);
document.write(“The Addition is =”+result);
}
function div()
{
var a,b,d;
a=f1.t1.value;
b=f1.t2.value;
d=parselnt(a)/parselnt(b);
document.write(“The Divide is =”+d);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name=”f1”>
1st Number : <input type=”text” name=”t1”><br>
2nd Number : <input type=”text” name=”t2”><br>
<input type=”button” value=”Addition” name=”b1” onClick=”add()”>
<input type=”button” value=”Division” name=”b2” onClick=”div()”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 3 Client Side Scripting (JavaScript) SOP 4.3

Information Technology 11th Std Skill Oriented Practicals (SOP)

11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Exercise Web Designing (HTML – 5) Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Web Designing (HTML – 5) 11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML – 5) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Exercise Solutions

SOP 1: Write a program using HTML with the following specifications.

The background colour should be green.
The text colour should be red.
The heading should be as large in size as ‘My First Web Page’.
Display a horizontal line after the heading.
Display your name in Bold, address in Italics, and standard as 11th.

Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>sop1</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=green text= red>
<h1> My First Web Page </h1>
<hr>
<b> Reliable Publications</b>
<br>
<i> Chira bazar,Charni road,Mumbai</i>
<br>
Standard 11th.
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 1

SOP 2: Create a web page with, following specifications.

Image of any scientist with an alternate text as his name.
Create a paragraph related to the information of that scientist.
Create a table of his/her inventions.

Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>sop2</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src=”Albert Einstein.jpg” alt=”Albert Einstein”>
<br>
<p>
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity,<br> one of the two pillars of modern physics.His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.
</p>
<table border=5 bordercolor=pink>
<tr>
<th> Sr no.</th>
<th> Invention </th>
<th> Year</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Quantum Theory of Light </td>
<td>1905</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Theory of Relativity</td>
<td>1907</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 2

SOP 3: Create a webpage with the following specifications.

Display heading ‘Application Form’ in the highest heading with center alignment.
Accept name, standard 11th or 12th with only one selection choice.
Submit the form.

Answer:
<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head> <title> sop3</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align=center> Application Form </h1>
<form>
Enter Name:<input type=text name=t1>
<br><br>
Standard:<br>
<input type=”radio” name=r1>11th<br>
<input type=”radio” name=r1>12th<br>
<br><br>
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 3

SOP 4: Write a program using HTML with the following specification.
A webpage with details about a class with a total number of students-100, (Boys – 50), Girls – 50 in tabular form.
e.g.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4
Link this page to another page as follows.

Demo.html
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>New Page 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<table border=”1” width=”69%” >
<tr bgcolor=pink>
<td>Number of Students</td>
<td>Boy</td>
<td>Girls</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor=”lightgreen”>
<td>100</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.2

Demo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>the heading</title>
</head>
<BODY>
<header>
<center>
<table border=”1” align=center>
<tr align=center>
<td><a href=”sop4.html”>STD – XI</a>
<br>Stream – Science<br>
Div – A<br></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.3

Information Technology 11th Std Skill Oriented Practicals (SOP)

11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Exercise Daily Computing (Libre Office) Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Daily Computing (Libre Office) 11th Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Exercise Solutions

SOP 1: Create a Resume

The resume should contain the following:
Title at the center with applicable font and size.
It should contain points such as Name, Address, Mobile Number, Date of Birth, Nationality, Caste, Category, Hobbies, etc. Add some extra points.
For educational qualifications, a student should insert a table.
In the end, students should write a few lines about their aim.

Answer:
Step 1: Click on the LibreOffice Writer icon.

Step 2: Create a New File.
File Menu → New → Text Document

Step 3: Write Title at the center with applicable font size. (Resume).

Step 4: Type Name, Address, Mobile Number, Date of Birth, Nationality, Caste, Category, Hobbies, etc.

Step 5: Write Student educational qualifications (Insert Table).
Choose Table Menu → Insert Table → Select number of rows and columns → Insert.

Step 6: Write some lines about the aim, select the text and make it bold by clicking on the bold option from the formatting toolbar.

After Completing this practical students will learn how to create resumes using LibreOffice, also tab setting and table creation.

SOP 2: By using Mail Merge send an invitation for your birthday party.

Use the mail merge feature.
Send an invitation to at least 5 friends.

Answer:
Choose Tools – Mail Merge Wizard.
Step 1: Select Start from a template, and click the Browse button. You see the New dialog.

Step 2: Select five friends Details in the left list, and then the Invitation letter in the right list.
Click OK to close the Templates dialog, and click Next in the wizard.

Step 3: Select Letter and click Next.

Step 4: On the next step of the wizard, click the Select Address List button to check that you are using the correct address list. If you want to use an address block, select an address block type, match the data fields if necessary, and click Next.

Step 5: Next follows the Create a salutation step. Deselect the Insert personalized salutation box. Under General salutation, select the salutation that you want on top of all letters.

Step 6: If you want to place mail merge fields anywhere else in the Invitation document select the corresponding column in your address data source and then drag and drop the column header into the invitation document where you would like the field to be. Be sure to select the entire column.

Step 7: Click Next and finally Finish creating the mail merge.

SOP 3: Create a mark list. The mark list should display:

Fields as Name, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Total, Percentage.
Below each subject find out the lowest marks and highest marks.
Enter a minimum of 10 records.
Declare the first three ranker students.
Create a chart based on the above data.

Answer:
Step 1: Open LibreOffice Calc and add fields like Name, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Total, Percentage.

Step 2: Enter 10 records in it.

Step 3: To Calculate Total
Click inside the cell where the total has to be calculated.
(Use =SUM(A2:D2) formula) – Type the range of cell.

Step 4: Now click inside the cell where the percentage has to be calculated.
Calculate Percentage using formula = E2* 100/400, drag the formula for remaining cells.

Step 5: Enter a minimum of 10 records. And calculate the result.

Step 6: Find out the Lowest Marks
Calculate Lowest marks using formula = min(A2:A11), drag formula for remaining cells.

Step 7: Find out the Highest Marks
Calculate Highest marks using formula =max(A2:A11), drag formula for remaining cells.

Step 8: Now Show the first three ranker students. Use Sort Option for sorting and auto filter.

Step 9: To find the first ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,1)

Step 10: To find the second ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,2)

Step 11: To find the third ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,3)

Step 12: To create a chart Select Complete Table → Click on Insert Menu → Click on Chart Option.
A window will appear, which starts with the chart wizard → Select Chart type.

SOP 4: Create an Informative presentation on your college.

The presentation should contain a minimum of 8 slides.
One slide should contain a chart.
One slide with an image.
Each slide should contain custom animation & slide transition effect.

Answer:
Step 1: Preparing an Eight slide for an Informative presentation of your college.
Press the Ctrl + N Keys. OR choose Slide → New Slide from Menu bar.
OR
Click on the New Slide icon on the Standard Toolbar.

Step 2: Specify the background image. OR background colour.
Now First Choose Slide Menu → Click on Insert Menu → Click on Image Submenu (inserting college Image with information )

Step 3: Click on Insert Menu → Click on Chart Option.

Step 4: Click on object presentation → from slide bar select Custom Animation each object → Choose category, effect, duration, direction, etc.

Step 5: Click on Press F5 function key for slide show
OR
Select slide menu → Start from the first Slide from the menu bar.
OR
Click on the start from the first slide Icon on the standard Conclusion: After Completing this practical students will be known how to create an informative presentation, custom animation & slide transition effect using Libre Office Impress.

Information Technology 11th Std Skill Oriented Practicals (SOP)

11th Information Technology Chapter 4 Exercise Cyber Law Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Cyber Law 11th Information Technology Chapter 4 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Chapter 4 Exercise Solutions

1. Complete the following web.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 1 Q1
Answer:

Use the Internet for the knowledge base.
Use the Internet to communicate messages.
Respect the privacy of other users on the Internet.
Download legitimate and authentic programs from the Internet.
Use licensed software on your computer.
Check to see if the web address begins with https:// whenever you sign in.
Report and flag content that is abusive or illegal.

2. Complete the following chart.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 2 Q1
Answer:

3. Fill the following boxes with the appropriate cybercrime name.

Question 1.
Copyright violation of software created originally by an individual.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q1
Answer:
Software Piracy

Question 2.
Gaining access without the user’s permission.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q2
Answer:
Unauthorized Access

Question 3.
Extracting confidential information by email.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q3
Answer:
Phishing

4. Read the following and answer the question.

Rahul lost his pen drive in his college computer lab. His classmate Madhav finds it. He carries it home to return it to him the next day. When Madhav opens it he finds his favourite game. He thinks of making a duplicate copy of the game software.

Question I.
Does Madhav think ethically?
Answer:
No

Question II.
What do you think should Madhav do?
Answer:
Madhav should return back the pen drive. He has done unauthorized access.

Question III.
If he makes a duplicate copy then which cybercrime will he commit?
Answer:
Software Piracy

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
What care should be taken by the user while doing online activities?
Answer:

Stick to copyright restrictions when downloading anything from the internet.
Use strong passwords with combinations of numbers. Uppercase and lowercase letters and special characters.
Always scan files before opening them.
Don’t talk to strangers.
Think before posting something on social media related to any sensitive topic like politics, religion, etc.
Report to the service provider if the account is hacked; if possible deactivate your account.
Whenever you sign in online check if the web address begins with https: //

Question 2.
Define the terms (1) Ethics (2) Moral
Answer:
Ethics:
Ethics also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong.

Moral:
The standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong behaviour. Thus morals are dictated by society, culture, or religion while ethics are chosen by the person himself which governs his life.

Question 3.
Explain three examples related to unauthorized access?
Answer:

Hacking financial/bank account-related information.
Stealing organizational/intellectual information.
Illegal monitoring of information owned by other users.
Illegal use/break of login and password of other users.
Causing intentional irritation to other users by means of damaging software and important information.

Question 4.
Explain software piracy and Hacking.
Answer:
Software piracy:
Software piracy is the illegal copying, distribution, or use of the software. It 15 such a profitable “business” that it has caught the attention of organized crime groups in a number of countries. According to the Business Software Alliance (BSA), about 36% of all software in current use is stolen.

Hacking:
Hacking refers to unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network. Hacker is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer operating system and programming language. They might discover loopholes within systems and reasons for such loopholes.

6. State true or false.

Question 1.
A firewall is used to encrypt the transmission of data.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The standards of behaviour; the principle of right or wrong are referred to as moral.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Hacking bank account-related information is an example of software piracy.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Phishing is representing someone else’s work as own without permission.
Answer:
True

7. Match the following.

Question 1.

(A)	(B)
(1) Copying a game file	(a) Firewall
(2) Law related to internet	(b) Cyberthreat
(3) Network security	(c) Software piracy
(4) System crashes suddenly	(d) Cyber Law

Answer:

(A)	(B)
(1) Copying a game file	(c) Software piracy
(2) Law related to internet	(d) Cyber Law
(3) Network security	(a) Firewall
(4) System crashes suddenly	(b) Cyberthreat

8. Observe the following picture and give your opinion about it by responding to the following questions.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 8 Q1

Question 1.
Is ‘B’s response correct or not?
Answer:
No B’s response is not correct.

Question 2.
What will be the consequences of ‘B’s reply?
Answer:
With all such crucial information like OTP in hand, the fraudster can easily carry out illegal financial transactions using B’s identity.

Question 3.
Which type of cybercrime does the picture depict?
Answer:
Fake Call Frauds

Information Technology 11th Std Commerce

11th Information Technology Chapter 3 Exercise Impressive Web Designing Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Impressive Web Designing 11th Information Technology Chapter 3 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Chapter 3 Exercise Solutions

1. Answer the Following:

Question 1.
The data entry operator wants to insert.
1. Photograph
2. Write remarks about the photograph
3. Underline the heading.
He will use:
1. <Image>
2. <Text>
3. <TextArea>
4. <Img>
5. <UL>
6. <U>
Select the correct tags from the above and arrange them in the sequence.
Answer:
1. Photograph – <Img>
2. Write remarks about the photograph – <TextArea>
3. Underline the heading – <U>

Question 2.
Identify the logical operators in JavaScript.
1. OR
2. AND
3. ||
4. &
5. &&
6. ++
Answer:
| |, &&

2. Complete the following Activity:

Question 1.
State at least three attributes of <Input>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q1
Answer:

Question 2.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q2
Answer:

Question 3.
Group the Following.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q3
Answer:

Question 4.
Write operator names with symbols in boxes.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q4
Answer:

Question 5.
Complete following program to display multiplication of 6.40 and 300.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title> Series </title></head>
<body>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q5
</html>
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title> Series </title></head>
<body>

</html>

3. Find out errors if any in the following javascript code.

Question 1.
var length, breadth;
length=4.5;
breadth=6;
area=1/2*length*breadth;
document.write(“Area of triangle is”area);
Answer:
Concatenate Operator ‘+’ is missing
document. write(“Area of triangle is” [+] area);

4. Solve the following puzzles.

Question A.
Fill the blocks
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q1
1) Across
2. The tag is used to create a table row.
4. Tag to create a form

2) Down
1. The attribute is used to specify the path of a linked document.
3. The tag used to display horizontal ruled line
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q1.1
Across
2. <tr>
4. <form>
Down
1. href
3. <hr>

Question B.
Solve the puzzle by finding words with the help of the hint given below.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q2
1. Boolean value.
2. Keyword used in conditional if statement.
3. Built-In function in JavaScript
4. Function to check given value is number or not
5. Keyword used to declare a variable
6. Function used to evaluate given expression
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q2.1
1. False
2. if
3. confirm
4. nan
5. var
6. False

5. Trace the output of the following Html code.

Question 1.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Heading tags</title></head>
<body>
<h1 align=left>Information Technology</h1>
<hr>
<h2 align=center>XI Standard</h2>
<h3 align=right>Division</h3>
</body>
</html>
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 5 Q1

6. Discuss the following and answer the questions.

Question 1.
A Jr. web designer wants to design a webpage to enter the employee’s name, address. He needs a button to clear the form content and submit the data.
Write the different controls he will use to create the web page.
State the tags to be used for the controls.
Answer:
A Junior Web designer will use the following controls to design web as follows:
1. Text – to create a single-line textbox for employee name
2. Text or Textarea – If he wants to create a single-line address the text control is used otherwise to create a multiline address textarea is used.
3. Submit – It is used to submit form data to the server.
4. Reset – It is used to clear form data.

Tags used for the controls are-
1. Employee Name :<Input type-”text”>
2. Address :<Input type=”text”> or
Address: <textarea rows=”4” cols-”30”><textarea>
3. <Input type=”submit” value=”submit”>
4. <Input type-”reset” value=”reset”>

Question 2.
A teacher has asked a student to create a web page to accept numbers and check whether it is between 50 to 100.
List the variable, operators to be used.
Specify the built-in function used and structure used.
Answer:
Program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script language =”Javascript”>
//To check whether the given no is between 50 to 100
var n;
n=prompt(“Enter any number”);
if(n<50 | | n>100)
{
alert(“it is less than 50, Please Re-Enter”);
}
else
{
alert(“it is greater than 50. Please Re-Enter”);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Variables used ‘n’
Operators used Not is equals | | less then < grater then > etc
Function is Prompt(), Alert() if then Else

7. Create web pages for the following.

Question 1.
Write a program using HTML to design your class Time Table.
Answer:
Program <!Doctype Html>
<html>
<head><title> Time Table of Class XI</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=yellow>
<h2>Time Table of Class XI</h2>
<table border=”2” bgcolor=skyblue>
<tr>
<th>Period No</th>
<th>Monday</th>
<th>Tuesday</th>
<th>Wednesday</th>
<th>Thursday</th>
<th>Friday</th>
<th>Saturday</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan=”7”>”L U N C H_B R E A K”</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Organization of Commerce</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
<tr>
<th colspan=”7”>”S H O R T_B R E A K”</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>Organization of Commerce</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q1

Question 2.
Write a program using HTML to create a form and submit it with personal data like name, address, and standard.
Answer:
Program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title> Form</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”#FF0100”>
<h1>Personal Data</h1><br><br><br>
Name :<input type=text name=t1><br><br>
Address:<Textarea> Address Here </textarea><p><br>
Class XI <input type=radio name=c1 value=xi>
Class XII <input type=radio name=c1 value=xii><br>
<input type=Submit name=b1 value=Submit>
<input type=reset name=b2 value=Reset>
</body>
</html>

Output:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q2

Question 3.
Write a javascript program to accept two numbers and perform the addition of two numbers by using the mouseover event.
Answer:
<html>
<head>
<title> JavaScript Program </title>
<script language = “JavaScript”>
function iload()
{
var c=0
a=parseInt(prompt(“Enter 1st no.”));
b=parseInt(prompt(“Enter 2nd no.”));
c=a+b
document.write(“Addition is”+c);
}
</script>
</head>
<body><center><br><br><br><br><br>
<a onMouseover=”iload();”>Addition</a></center>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q3

8. Complete the following.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 8 Q1
Answer:

9. Write HTML Code for the following table.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 9 Q1
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>Html Program </title>
</head>
<BODY>
<table border=”1”>
<tr bgcolor=pink>
<th>Place</th>
<th>State</td>
<th>Max <br>Temperature <br>in C</th>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Wardha</td>
<th rowspan=”2”>Maharashtra</th>
<td>47.5</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Akola</td><td>46.4</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Khajuraho</td>
<th rowspan=”2”>Madhya Pradesh</th>
<td>46.4</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Sagar</td><td>46.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 9 Q1.1

10. Multiple choice one correct answer.

Question 1.
The default method of submitting form data is __________
(a) Post
(b) Get
(c) Submit
(d) Reset
Answer:
(b) Get

Question 2.
In JavaScript the post increment operator is __________
(a) x++
(b) x–
(c) –x
(d) ++x
Answer:
(a) x++

Information Technology 11th Std Commerce

11th Information Technology Chapter 2 Exercise Introduction to DBMS Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Introduction to DBMS 11th Information Technology Chapter 2 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Chapter 2 Exercise Solutions

1. Complete the following activity.

Question 1.
Tick whichever box is not valid.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q1
Answer:

Question 2.
The student wants to create a field Pincode in a table, which data type he will choose?
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q2
Answer:
Int

Question 3.
Tick the appropriate box.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q3
Answer:
Uniquely identifies a record

Question 4.
Tick the appropriate circle.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 1 Q4
Answer:
One or Many Tables

2. Observe the field names of a database given below in ‘Column A’ related to Bus reservation. Write suitable data types for each field in front of the respective field in ‘Column B’.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 2 Q1
Answer:

Column A (Field Name)	Column B (DataType)
Passenger Name	Varchar
Age	Int
Gender	Char
Mobile Number	Int

3. Write the use of the following SQL command.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 3 Q1
Answer:

4. Create a table for the information given below by choosing appropriate data types. Specify proper primary key for the table (1) Movie (2) Actor

Question 1.
Movie (Registeration_no, movie_name, Realease_Date)
Answer:
CREATE TABLE Movie (Registeration_no int(20) PRIMARY KEY, movie_name VARCHAR(20), Realease_Date DATE);

Question 2.
Actor (actor_id, Actor_name, birth_date )
Answer:
CREATE TABLE Actor (actor_id int(20) PRIMARY KEY, Actor_name VARCHAR(20), Birth_Date DATE);

5. Consider the following table Stationary. Write SQL commands for the following statements.

Table: Stationary
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 5 Q1

Question 1.
Write SQL command to create above Table.
Answer:
CREATE TABLE Stationary (S_ID int(20) PRIMARY KEY, S_Name VARCHAR(20), C_Name VARCHAR(20), Price int(20), Quantity int(20));

Question 2.
Write SQL command to insert the above-mentioned record in the table.
Answer:
INSERT INTO Stationary Values (001, ‘Note Book’, ‘ABC’, 20,50);
INSERT INTO Stationary Values (002, ‘Note Book’, ‘XYZ’, 10,80);
INSERT INTO Stationary Values (003, ‘Note Book’, ‘PQR’, 600,02);

Question 3.
To delete the above table.
Answer:
DROP TABLE Stationery;

6. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is a database?
Answer:
A DBMS is a collection of programs (computer-based system) that enables the user to create and maintain a database it is used to define, construct and manipulate the data in the database for various applications. It provides information storage, organization, and retrieval capabilities. The DBMS also enforces necessary access restrictions and security measures in order to protect the database.

Various types of control systems within the DBMS make sure that the database continues to function properly. They Include Integrity system Security system Concurrency control system Recovery control system Some DBMS enables us to define “views” of the database. A view is how the database appears to the user. This enables us to show only the relevant information to different types of users and it increases security, as certain users will not be able to see data which they are not meant to see.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of a DBMS?
Answer:
Advantages of a DBMS:
1. Redundancy is controlled: In File Processing System, duplicate data is created in many places because all the programs have their own files. This creates data redundancy which in turn wastes labor and space. ‘In Database Management System, all the files are integrated into a single database. The whole data is stored only once in a single place so there is no chance of duplicate data.

2. Sharing of Data: In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves. There are various levels of authorization to access the data. And consequently, the data can only be shared based on the correct authorization protocols being followed.

3. Data Security: Data Security is a vital concept in a database. Only authorized users should be allowed to access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username and password. Unauthorized users should not be allowed to access the database under any circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.

4. Enforces integrity constraints: Constraints are used to store accurate data because there are many users who feed data in the database. Data stored in the database should always be correct and accurate. DBMS provides the capability to enforce these constraints on the database.

5. Provides backup and recovery of data: Data loss is a very big problem for all organizations. In a traditional tile processing system, a user needs to back up the database after a regular interval of time that wastes lots of time and resources. If the volume of data is large then this process may take a very long time.

Question 3.
What do you understand by Data Model?
Answer:
A Database model defines the logical design and structure of a database and defines how data will be stored, accessed, and updated in a database management system. While the Relational Model is the most widely used database model.

Relational Model:
It is the most popular data model in DBMS. The relational model is the primary data model. Which is widely used for data processing. This model has all properties required to Process data with storage efficiency.

Question 4.
What is a primary key?
Answer:
Primary Key: A column in the table that uniquely identifies each row in that table is called a primary key.

Question 5.
What is DDL (Data Definition Language)
Answer:
DDL statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema. When you execute a DDL statement, it takes effect immediately.
Some examples of DDL commands are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

7. In a company the data is stored in a table under the following fields Employee number, Last name, Date of birth, Address. Which data type will you use for the above field?

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 7 Q1
Answer:

Field Name	Data Type
Employee Name	Char
Last Name	Char
Address	Varchar
Date of Birth	Date

8. Multiple choice select three correct answers.

Question 1.
Valid relationships in RDBMS are
(a) one to one
(b) one to two
(c) one to many
(d) many to two
(e) many to many
(f) one to three
Answer:
(a) one to one, (c) one to many, (e) many to many

9. Complete the following.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS 9 Q1
Answer:

Use	Command
To remove access rights or privileges from the database	Revoke
Extracts data from a table	Insert into Select

Information Technology 11th Std Commerce

11th Information Technology Chapter 1 Exercise Basics of Information Technology Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Basics of Information Technology 11th Information Technology Chapter 1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Information Technology Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions

1. Complete the following activity.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q1
Answer:

Question 2.
Tick the appropriate box.
Internet is a ____________ network connecting millions of computer.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q2
Answer:
Global

Question 3.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q3
Answer:

Question 4.
Tick the appropriate box.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q4
Answer:

Question 5.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 1 Q5
Answer:

2. Divide the following list of devices into appropriate categories.

Question 1.
Monitor, Barcode reader, Printer, Keyboard. Optical character reader, Speaker
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 2 Q1
Answer:

Categories	Names
Input Devices	Barcode reader, Keyboard, Optical Character reader
Output Devices	Monitor, Printer, Speaker

3. Multiple choice two correct answers.

Question 1.
The primary memory consists of ____________ and ____________
(a) Pendrive
(b) Hard Disk
(c) RAM
(d) Scanner
(e) ROM
Answer:
(c) RAM, (e) ROM

Question 2.
The network architectures which are widely used are ____________
(a) Server
(b) Client
(c) Peer to peer
(d) Client-server
(e) Internet
Answer:
(c) Peer to peer, (d) Client-server

4. Match the following.

Question 1.

1. IS	(a) change directory
2. FTP	(b) Translates Network Address
3. CD	(c) List of Directory
4. DNS	(d) To transfer file on interent

Answer:

1. IS	(c) List of Directory
2. FTP	(d) To transfer file on interent
3. CD	(a) change directory
4. DNS	(b) Translates Network Address

5. Name the following and complete the diagram.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 5 Q1
Answer:

6. Complete the following with Linux commands with their use.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 6 Q1
Answer:

7. Complete the list of the following protocols.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 7 Q1
Answer:

8. Complete the following Long form.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 1 Basics of Information Technology 8 Q1
Answer:

9. Identify the following activity.

Question 1.
You are typing a letter using a computer and suddenly there is a power failure.
Which type of Memory does this activity deal with?
Answer:
Random Access Memory

10. Answer the following.

Question 1.
What are Data and Information? Give examples of data and information.
Answer:
Data can be any character, text, word, number, or raw facts.
Example of Data:
Mumbai, 1234, Aditya, MG Road, Maharashtra, 9444444441, 411004

Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings in some significant way.
Example of Information:
Aditya, 1234, MG Road, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, 944444444114.

Question 2.
Explain functional units of a computer system.
Answer:
The computer system has the following three basic components:
Input Unit:
An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interacts with and controls it. Data can be in the form of words, symbols, numbers, etc. The function of the input device is to direct commands and data into the computer.
For example keyboard, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks, and microphones.

Central Processing Unit:
After receiving data and commands from the user, a computer system has to process the instructions provided using Central Processing Unit (CPU). It has three elements:

(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit: An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major component of the central processing unit of a computer system. It does all processes related to arithmetic and logic operations like add, subtract, multiply, etc.

(b) Control Unit: The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer’s memory, arithmetic, and logic unit, and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.

(c) Memory Unit: A memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit. Once the data has been entered using input devices, the system stores the data in the memory unit.

Types of Memory: Primary Memory & Secondary Memory.

Primary Memory: It has 18 internal memory of the computer also known as main memory. It is of two types RAM and ROM.
RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM stands for Random Access Memory also known as reading/write memory. Information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off; it is also called “Volatile Memory”.
ROM(Read Only Memory): ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is a permanent type of memory. The contents are not lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer. It is also called “Non Volatile Memory”.
Secondary Memory: It is the external memory of the computer which is used to store a large amount of data. The secondary storage devices are a Hard disk, Pen drive, CD, DVD, etc.

Output Unit:
An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user. Most computer data output that is ‘meant for humans is in the form of audio or video. Thus, most output devices used by humans are in these categories. Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers.

Question 3.
What is a storage unit? Explain types of primary memory storage.
Answer:
When a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in a memory unit i.e. storage unit. The storage unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU. There are two types of memory

Primary Memory
Secondary Memory

RAM: It stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is known as reading/write memory. It is the main memory of the computer system. The information stored in this memory is lost as the power supply to the computer is switched off, so it is also called as “Volatile Memory”.

ROM: It stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is permanent memory. The content is not lost when the power supply is switched off. ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer, so it is also called “Non-Volatile Memory”.

Question 4.
Explain how Linux is different from Windows.
Answer:

Linux is open sources system whereas the window operating system is commercial.
Linux has access to source code and alters the code as per user need whereas a window does not have access to source code.
Linux distribution doesn’t collect user data” whereas Windows collects all the user details which leads to privacy concerns.
As the software is open to the public, it constantly updates, improves, and expands as more people can work on its improvement.

Question 5.
Write down the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN.
Answer:

LAN (Local Area Network)	MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)	WAN (Wide Area Network)
LAN Stands for Local Area Network.	MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network.	WAN stands for Wide Area Network.
A LAN is a network of connected devices that exist within a specific location.	A public or private network is used to connect various locations including suburbs in metropolitan cities.	A WAN is any network that crosses metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries.
LANs may be found in homes, offices, educational institutions, or other areas.	A MAN is a network, which covers an entire city, but uses LAN topology.	Most networking professionals define a WAN as any network that uses routers and public network links (e.g. Telephone lines).
LAN is easy to set up.	MANs are formed by connecting multiple LANs.	Due to long-distance transmission, the noise and errors are more in WAN.
Data transmits at a very fast rate.	Examples of a MAN are the cable TV network in a city.	The best example of WAN is the Internet.

Information Technology 11th Std Commerce

11th Secretarial Practice Chapter 11 Exercise Correspondence with Banks Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Correspondence with Banks 11th Secretarial Practice Chapter 11 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 11 Correspondence with Banks Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Secretarial Practice Chapter 11 Exercise Solutions

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
A company usually opens _____________ account in a bank.
(a) Current
(b) Saving
(c) Recurring
Answer:
(a) Current

Question 2.
Bank is a _____________ institution.
(a) financial
(b) social
(c) cultural
Answer:
(a) financial

Question 3.
The appointment of banker is usually made by the _____________
(a) Board of Directors
(b) Secretary
(c) Chairman
Answer:
(a) Board of Directors

Question 4.
Resolution for opening Bank Account is passed in the _____________ meeting.
(a) Board
(b) Statutory
(c) Annual General
Answer:
(a) Board

Question 5.
Bank provides overdraft facility to _____________ account holder.
(a) Current
(b) Saving
(c) Fixed Deposit
Answer:
(a) Current

Question 6.
_____________ is used for depositing cash into a bank account.
(a) Pay-in-slip
(b) Withdrawal slip
(c) Cheque
Answer:
(a) Pay-in-slip

Question 7.
Borrowing/Accepting and lending money are considered as _____________ functions of bank.
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Agency
Answer:
(a) Primary

Question 8.
Withdrawals are not permitted from the _____________ deposit account.
(a) Fixed
(b) Current
(c) Savings
Answer:
(a) Fixed

Question 9.
_____________ account is suitable to salaried people.
(a) Savings
(b) Current
(c) Fixed
Answer:
(a) Savings

Question 10.
Generally Interest is not paid on _____________ deposit account.
(a) Current
(b) Saving
(c) Fixed
Answer:
(a) Current

Question 11.
A deposit which is kept for fixed period in bank is called _____________ deposit.
(a) Fixed
(b) Current
(c) Recurring
Answer:
(a) Fixed

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Lost cheque	(1) Board of Directors
(b) Appointment of Banker	(2) Higher rate of interest
(c) Cash credit	(3) Used for depositing cash and cheque
(d) Fixed Deposit Account	(4) Stop Payment
(e) Savings Account	(5) Restrictions on withdrawals
(f) Pay-in-slip	(6) Separate Account
(g) Overdraft facility	(7) Current Account
	(8) Recurring Account
	(9) Shareholders
	(10) No interest is paid
	(11) Used for withdrawing amount from the account
	(12) Long term credit facility
	(13) Certain restrictions on withdrawals
	(14) Dealing in foreign exchange

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Lost cheque	(4) Stop Payment
(b) Appointment of Banker	(1) Board of Directors
(c) Cash credit	(6) Separate Account
(d) Fixed Deposit Account	(2) Higher rate of interest
(e) Savings Account	(5) Restrictions on withdrawals
(f) Pay-in-slip	(3) Used for depositing cash and cheque
(g) Overdraft facility	(7) Current Account

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
A slip is used for depositing cash and cheque in the Bank account.
Answer:
Pay-in-slip

Question 2.
Permission to withdraw excess amount from Current Account.
Answer:
Overdraft

Question 3.
Separate loan account under which the short-term loan facility is given by the bank to the business.
Answer:
Cash credit

Question 4.
The short-term credit facility is given by the bank to the current account holder.
Answer:
Overdraft

Question 5.
The account is generally opened by the business organization.
Answer:
Current Account

Question 6.
The request of Secretary to the bank not to make the payment of the cheque.
Answer:
Stop payment request

Question 7.
The type of account for which a higher rate of interest is paid to bank depositors.
Answer:
Fixed Deposit Account

Question 8.
The slip is used for withdrawing money from Savings Account.
Answer:
Withdrawal Slip

Question 9.
Negotiable Instrument which can be discounted with the bank.
Answer:
Bill of exchange

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
Joint Stock Company opens Current Account.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Generally, no interest is paid by the bank on the Current Account.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
In cash credit, the customer’s account is credited by the bank with the sanctioned amount.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Board resolution is not required to open the Current Account with the bank.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
The bank account of the company is operated by shareholders.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Overdraft facility is granted to Savings account holders.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Bank correspondence should be brief and to the point.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
It is necessary to instruct the bank to stop the payment of a cheque that is lost.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
A bank overdraft facility is a long-term facility.
Answer:
False

Question 10.
Banks grant long-term loans only.
Answer:
False

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Saving Deposit, Recurring Deposit, Cash Credit. Fixed Deposit
Answer:
Cash Credit

Question 2.
Overdraft, Fixed Deposit, Discounting of Bills, Cash Credit
Answer:
Fixed Deposit

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
A financial institution which receives deposits and lends money is called as _____________
Answer:
Bank

Question 2.
Accepting deposits and lending money are the primary functions of _____________
Answer:
Commercial Bank/Bank

Question 3.
A facility under which a customer can overdraw money from his account is called as _____________
Answer:
Overdraft facility

Question 4.
Overdraft facility is given to _____________
Answer:
Current Account Holder

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Overdraft	…………………………
(2) Primary Function	………………………..
(3) International Trade Transactions	………………………..
(4) ………………………	Current Account

(Accepting Deposits, Current Account, Letter of Credit, Businessman)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Overdraft	Current Account
(2) Primary Function	Accepting Deposits
(3) International Trade Transactions	Letter of Credit
(4) Businessman	Current Account

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is a Letter of Credit?
Answer:
A letter of credit is a payment method generally used for international trade transactions. Letter of credit is issued by a bank on behalf of its client, promising to pay a certain amount of money to the seller, in case the buyer fails to pay it.

Question 2.
Which facility is given to the Current Account holder?
Answer:
Overdraft facility is given to Current Account Holder by the Bank.

Question 3.
What do you mean by stop payment of cheque?
Answer:
When a cheque is issued by the company, there is a possibility of misplacement of the cheque or loss in transit. Then it is necessary to inform the bank to stop payment of such cheque.

1I. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Accepting deposits is the secondary function of Banks.
Answer:
Accepting deposits is the primary function of Banks.

Question 2.
Businessman opens Fixed Deposit Account.
Answer:
Businessman opens Current Account.

Question 3.
Under cash credit facility businessman/account holder can overdraw from his account.
Answer:
Under an overdraft facility, a businessman/account holder can overdraw from his account.

2. Explain the following terms/concepts.

Question 1.
Bank
Answer:
A bank is a financial institution, in which people deposit their idle or surplus cash, and those who need funds borrow from banks.

Question 2.
Demand Deposits
Answer:
The deposits which are repayable on demand are called Demand Deposits.

Question 3.
Time Deposits
Answer:
The deposits which are not repayable on demand are called Time Deposits.

Question 4.
Savings Deposits
Answer:
To encourage saving habit among the people, the bank allows depositors to open a savings account. There are restrictions on the frequency and amount of withdrawals.

Question 5.
Current Deposits
Answer:
This account is normally opened by businessmen, firms, or companies. There is no limit on the amount or number of withdrawals.

Question 6.
Recurring Deposits
Answer:
The account which encourages the customers to make regular savings and to deposit a fixed sum of money for a specific period of time is called Recurring Deposits.

Question 7.
Fixed Deposits
Answer:
Fixed Deposits are the deposits received for a fixed period. The rate of interest is high for fixed deposits. The longer the period of deposit, the higher is the rate of interest.

Question 8.
Loans
Answer:
A loan granted for a specific time period against personal security, gold or silver, and other moveable or immovable assets is called a term loan.

Question 9.
Advances
Answer:
Advances is a credit facility provided by the bank to its customers. It differs from loans in the sense that loans may be granted for a longer period, while advances are for a shorter period.

Question 10.
Cash Credit
Answer:
Under a cash credit facility, a bank allows the borrower to withdraw amounts up to the specified limit. Such credits are allowed against the security of stock of raw material, finished goods, etc.

Question 11.
Overdraft
Answer:
It is a facility where the bank allows its customers to overdraw an amount up to a particular limit. Such facility is allowed against collateral securities like shares, FDR, LIC Policy, etc.

Question 12.
Discounting of Bill
Answer:
It is a short-term finance facility provided by the bank to its customers by allowing discounting of bills and making payment of bills before their due date.

Question 13.
Letter of Credit
Answer:
A letter of credit is a payment method generally used for international trade transactions. A letter of credit is issued by a bank on behalf of its client, promising to pay a certain amount of money to the seller in case the buyer fails to pay it.

Question 14.
Stop payments of cheque
Answer:
When a cheque is sent by the Company, there is a possibility of misplacement of cheque or loss in transit. In that case, it is necessary to inform the bank to stop the payment of such cheques.

3. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Current Account and Savings Account.
Answer:

Basis	Current Account	Savings Account
1. Meaning	It is a type of bank account that is generally opened by the businessman to carry out their business activities.	It is a type of bank account which is opened by salaried and household people with an aim of saving their part of the income and earn interest.
2. Withdrawals	There are no restrictions on the number of withdrawals. They can withdraw money by cheque.	There are restrictions over the number of withdrawals. They can withdraw money either by cheque or by withdrawal slip.
3. Facilities	Such account holder gets the facilities of Passbook, Cheque Book, Statement of Account and Pay-in-Slip Book.	Such account holders get the facilities of Passbook, Cheque Book, and Pay-in-Slip Book.
4. Rate of Interest	Generally, no interest is allowed on the Current Account. If it is allowed it is a very nominal rate.	The rate of interest on the Saving Account is higher than the Current Account but less than fixed deposits.
5. Overdraft facility	Overdraft facility is allowed to Current Account holders.	Overdraft facility is not allowed to Saving Account holder.
6. Suitability	It is suitable for traders, business firms, and institutions.	It is suitable for salary earners, households, and fixed income groups.

Question 2.
Loan and Overdraft
Answer:

Basis	Loan	Overdraft
1. Meaning	Amount granted for a specific period of time, against personal security, gold or silver, and other movable or immovable assets is called a loan.	Overdraft is a credit facility granted by the bank to Current account holders. Under an overdraft facility, the bank allows its customers to overdraw an amount up to a particular limit.
2. Eligibility	Savings account, Fixed, Recurring, and Current account holders are eligible for the loan facilities.	Only Current account holders are eligible for an overdraft facility.
3. Duration	The loan is a long period facility.	Overdraft is a short period facility.
4. Purpose	The purpose is to meet long-term requirements.	The purpose is to meet short-term working capital requirements.
5. Repayment	The amount of the loan may be repaid in installments or in a lump sum on its due date.	The amount of overdraft is adjusted against the balance of Deposits in the Current account.
6. Security	It is provided against personal security, gold or silver, and other movable or immovable assets.	It is provided against collateral securities like shares, FDR, LIC Policy, etc.

Question 3.
Fixed Deposit Account and Recurring Deposit Account.
Answer:

Basis	Fixed Deposit Account	Recurring Deposit Account
1. Meaning	Fixed Deposits are the deposits received for a fixed period of time.	A Recurring Deposit account is that account where depositors regularly deposit a fixed amount for a specific period of time.
2. Facilities	The bank gives a Fixed Deposit Receipt to the Fixed Deposit holders.	The bank gives a Pass Book and Pay-in-Slip book to Recurring Deposit holders.
3. Rate of Interest	The rate of interest allowed is higher. The longer the period of deposit, the higher will be the rate of interest.	The rate of interest is less than Fixed Deposit Account.
4. Suitability	It is suitable for those people having surplus income in hand.	It is suitable for fixed-income groups and lower-income groups.

4. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
What are the points to be kept in mind by a Secretary while corresponding with Banks?
Answer:
The following precautions must be taken by the secretary while corresponding with banks:

Prompt reply: For any correspondence with the bank, the reply must be sent without delay is the responsibility of a secretary.
Brevity/Conciseness: Secretary should provide maximum information in minimum words. A letter should not be lengthy. Unnecessary details, irrelevant information or explanation, lengthy paragraphs should be avoided.
Courtesy: The letter to the bank should show empathy, respect, and mutual understanding. It is helpful for getting favourable responses and built up goodwill for the organization.
Accuracy: While corresponding with Bank ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Perfectness’ are very important. Whatever information or data provided must be accurate. No haphazard remarks or statements are to be made.
Clarity: The secretary must provide true, factual updates and clear information about his organization to the banker. Clarity is required to avoid misunderstandings with bankers.

Question 2.
Under what circumstances will a secretary correspond with the Banks?
Answer:
The following are the circumstances under which a secretary has to correspond with the banks:
(i) Letter for opening a Current Account with the Bank:
The decision of opening a Current account is taken in the Board meeting by passing a resolution. The Board instructs the secretary for opening a Current account. The Secretary has to write a letter to the Bank accordingly and enclose the necessary documents.

(ii) Letter requesting a bank to stop payment of cheque:
When cheques are sent by Companies, there are possibilities of misplacement of cheques or loss in transit. Thus, it is necessary to inform the bank to stop the payment of such cheques.

(iii) Letter requesting a Bank for granting an overdraft facility:
Certain credit facilities are provided by the Bank to their customers. The Bank allows a Current Account holder to withdraw excess amount than the available balance. Secretary has to correspond with the bank to prevail this facility.

(iv) Letter requesting bank to issue a letter of credit:
A letter of credit is a payment method generally used for international trade transactions. Letter of credit is issued by Bank on behalf of its client promising to pay a certain amount of money to the seller in case the buyer fails to pay it. Secretary has to correspond with the bank to obtain this letter of credit.

Question 3.
State the agency functions of Banks.
Answer:
Agency functions of banks are part of secondary functions.
Following are the agency functions of the Bank:

Bank collects the cheques and Bill of Exchange on behalf of the customers or account holders.
Bank collects dividends, interest, and salary and credits the account holder’s account.
Bank makes payment of rent, insurance premium, electricity bill, etc.
Bank act as a Depository Participant for purchase and sale of securities.
Transfer of money.
Fulfill standing instructions of depositors.
The bank acts as a trustee, an executor of the will, and an attorney for the account holder.
The bank acts as a Banker to the issue, Lead Manager, etc. for the companies.

Question 4.
State the utility functions of Banks.
Answer:
Commercial Bank provides general utility services to their customers or account holders to attract customers.
Utility functions of Banks are as follows:

Provide locker facility to customer utility function of banks are as follows.
Provide a letter of credit facility to account holders for international business transactions.
Helps to deal in Foreign Exchange.
Provide Credit cards, Debit cards, and A.T.M. facilities.
To assist in the purchase and sale of securities.
Provide traveler’s cheque to customers.

Question 5.
Explain the different types of Deposits.
Answer:
The Bank accepts two types of deposits from the people.
(i) Demand Deposits:
Demand Deposits are deposits, where money is repaid by the bank on the demand made by the depositors or customers of the bank.

Such deposit accounts are:
(a) Savings Deposits:
As the name indicate this account is opened and operated by that person who have regular and fixed income e.g. salary. In order to ‘save’ something out of current income, this account is opened.
Features of this account are:

It is mainly for saving purposes.
Money can be withdrawn on demand.
Minimum balance must be maintained.

(b) Current Deposits:
This account is opened by the businessman, firm, company, etc. for business purposes. There is no limit on the number of withdrawals. Generally, interest is not payable on this account. Overdraft facilities are also allowed to these depositors.

(ii) Time Deposits:
The deposits which are not repayable on demand are called ‘Time Deposits’. These deposits are payable after a specific period of time.

Fixed Deposits: In this deposit account, a certain sum is kept deposited for a fixed period. A higher rate of interest is paid on Fixed Deposit.
Recurring Deposits: In this deposit account, the customer deposit’s fixed amount on regular basis for a specific period. The money is deposited periodically. The rate of interest is more than Saving Deposits.

5. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
The secretary has to correspond with the Banks under certain circumstances.
Answer:
Following are the circumstance under which a secretary has to enter into correspondence with banks:

Letter for opening a Current account with Bank.
Letter requesting a bank to stop payment of the cheque.
Letter requesting a bank for granting overdraft facility.
Letter requesting a bank to issue a letter of credit.
Letter to a bank enquiring about new banking facilities.
Letter to the bank for a long-term loan.
Thus, the secretary has to correspond with the Banks under certain circumstances.

Question 2.
The secretary should observe certain precautions while corresponding with the Banks.
Answer:
The following precautions must be taken by the secretary while corresponding with the banks:

Secretary should give a prompt reply.
Secretary should take care that the letter should not be lengthy.
Unnecessary details should be avoided.
Not to use any harsh or rude words while corresponding with the banker.
Provide true factual updates and clear information about his organization to the bankers.
Thus, the secretary should observe certain precautions while corresponding with the Banks.

Question 3.
The primary functions of Commercial Banks include-Accepting deposits and Lending funds.
Answer:
The main object of a commercial bank is to accept deposits and lending money to customers or account holders:

To encourage the people who have surplus funds.
To encourage the saving habit among the people.
To give support to businessmen for opening a current account.
To encourage people to make regular savings.
To lend loans and advances through various modes i.e. short-term loan, medium-term loan, long term loan, overdraft facility, cash credit facility, and discounting of the bill of exchange, etc.
Thus, the primary functions of Commercial Banks include-Accepting deposits and Lending funds.

Question 4.
The Bank accepts two types of deposits from the public i.e. Demand and Time Deposits.
Answer:

The basic aim of the bank is to pool the excess money to the bank and develop the habit of saving amount people.
Bank accepts deposits in two forms i.e. Demand Deposits and Time deposits.
Demand Deposits include – Current Deposits and Savings Deposits.
Time Deposits includes – Fixed Deposits and Recurring Deposits
Thus, the Bank accepts two types of deposits from the public i.e. Demand and Time Deposits.

Question 5.
There is a difference between Loans and Advances given by the Bank.
Answer:

Bank lends money in two ways – i.e. Loans and Advance.
The loan is granted for a specific period of time against personnel security, gold or silver, and other movable or immovable properties.
Advances is a credit facility provided by the bank to its customers against collateral securities like – shares, Government shares, F.D.R., L.I.C. Policy, Stock of raw materials, or finished goods.
Loans are granted for a longer period while Advances are granted for a shorter period.
Loans may be short-term, medium-term, or long-term while advances are in form of overdraft, cash credit, and discounting of bills.
Thus, there is a difference between Loans and Advances given by the Bank.

Question 6.
Overdraft facility is given only to current depositors.
Answer:
Overdraft is a credit facility allowed to current account holders:

Under an overdraft facility, the bank allows, customers, to withdraw an amount, up to a particular limit.
The collateral securities are usually accepted for an overdraft facility.
The rate of interest charged by commercial banks for overdraft is low.
Overdraft facility is given only to existing current depositors because they have good relations with the Bank.
Thus, an overdraft facility is given only to current depositors.

6. Attempt the following.

Question 1.
Write a letter to the bank for opening a Current Account.
Answer:

PRAGAT KRUSHI SEVA COMPANY LTD.
Registered office: Milind Sally Manjul,
Nashik Pune Highway, Sangamner
CIN: H353558 MH 2019 PLO 227244

Phone: 02425 – 223019
Fax: 02425 – 227230

Website: www.pragatksltd.com
Email: milinadkulkarni@gmail.com

Date: 10th March 2019.

Ref No. BlbRbl212019
The Bank Manager, IDBI Bank,
New Nagar Road,
Jantar Raja Maidan,
Sangamner.

Sub: Opening of Current Account.

Dear Sir,

The Board of Directors of a company have passed a resolution on 3rd March 2019 to open a Current Account in your bank in the name of the company i.e. “PRAGAT KRUSHI SEVA COMPANY LTD.” and to appoint you as the company’s banker.

Please find enclosed herewith the following documents for the purpose of opening the Current Account of our company.

Account opening form duly filled, signed and dated.
Certified copy of Memorandum of Association.
Certified copy of Articles of Associations.
Certified copy of Incorporation Certificate.
Certified copy of Board resolution regarding opening a Current Account.
Specimen signature of two directors Mr. Maithily Kulkarni and Mr. Ajit Godse and the company secretary
Certified copy of the list of present Directors of the company.
Duly filled up Pay-in-slip along with ₹ 5,000 (Rupees Five thousand only) in cash as initial deposit.
Certified copies of PAN and TAN.

Thanking you,

Yours Faithfully,
for PRAGAT KRUSHI SEVA CO. LTD.
(Sign)
Company Secretary.

Encl: As above

Question 2.
Write a letter to the bank to stop the payment of the cheque.
Answer:

AVANI GLASS LIMITED COMPANY
Registered Office: Janata Raja Maidan,
Vidya Nagar, Sangamner.
CIN: B45453 MH 1992 PCL 123272

Phone: 02425 – 227244
Website: www.avaniglass.com

Fax: 02425 – 222340
Email: renukrushna@gmail.com

Date: 15th March 2019

Ref. No. B/PC/1/19-20
The Bank Manager,
New Nagar Road,
Sangamner.

Sub: Stop Payment of Cheque No 303592
Ref: Our Account No 30357090414

Dear Sir,

It is to bring to your notice, to stop payment of the Cheque no. 303592 dated 10th March 2019 of ₹ 75,000 (Rupee Seventy Five Thousand) issued by the company from Current Account no. 30357090414 in favour of Mr. Krushna Chaudhari, Nashik.

The said cheque is reported to be lost by the party. So we kindly request you to stop the payment of the said cheque.

We highly regret the inconvenience caused to you and wishing your kind co-operation in the above matter.

Thanking you,

Yours Faithfully,
for AVANI GLASS LIMITED COMPANY
(Sign)
Company Secretary.

Question 3.
Letter requesting a bank to issue a Letter of Credit.
Answer:

B.K. INDUSTRIES LTD.
Registered Office: 240, Apeksh.
F.C. Road, Pune 4
CIN: B40418 MH 2010PIL 373078

Phone: 020 – 3070901
Fax: 020 – 3145402

Website: www.BKundu.com
Email: unvitkrusha@gmail.com

Date: 25th May 2019

Ref. No. BP/23/19-20
The Bank Manager,
Bank of Maharastra,
F.C. Road,
Pune – 4.

Sub: Issue of Letter of Credit.
Ref: Our Current Account No 020304147911

Dear Sir,

We are pleased to inform you that, we want to import printing machine from America.

As per the quotation received from Mark Industries, America we have to place an order along with a letter of credit.

We, therefore, request you to issue a letter of credit in favor of the said company USD 4,50,0000. This letter may be issued on the basis of the credit balance in our current account and as per the prevailing exchange rate.

Kindly issue the letter of credit and oblige. This will enable us to place an order at an early date.

Thanking you,

Yours Faithfully
for B.K. INDUSTRIES LTD.
(Sign)
Company Secretary.

Question 4.
Write a letter requesting the bank to grant an overdraft facility.
Answer:

JAI MATA GLASS AGENCIES LTD.
Registered Office: 285, M.G. Road,
Dwarka. Nashik.

Phone: 0253 – 27304580
Fax: 0253 – 283048800

Website: jaymata.com
Email: jaymata@gmail.com

Date: 10th January, 2019

Ref. No. BK/7/20-19
The Manager,
RDBI Bank
Dwarka, Nashik.

Sub: Request for overdraft facility
Ref: Account No. 00303540451

Dear Sir,

The Board of Directors in their meeting held on 2nd January 2019 has decided to request you to grant our company an overdraft facility up to ₹ 10 lakhs for a period of 5 months from March 2019 to July 2019.

We are the manufacturer of Tuffen glass and we have a large export order for which we need to have working capital to fulfill our daily needs.

We request you to accept our security of Fixed Deposit worth ₹ 10 lakhs with your bank.
We would also like to bring to your notice that we are being your customer for the last 10 years.
Expecting your early reply in favor of our overdraft facility.

Thanking you,

Yours Faithfully,
for JAI MATA GLASS AGENCIES LTD.
(Sign)
Company Secretary

Activity (Textbook Page No. 168)

Visit a Bank and collect the form of opening a bank account and find out. The detail to be filled in and Documents needed to open an account.
Answer:
Yesterday, I visited the IDBI Bank of India, Sangamer Branch.
I collected the account opening form from Mr. Abhay Kulkarni Bank Officer.
The following are the details to be filled in in the Account opening form.

Branch Name
Date of opening account
Branch Address
Scheme Codes
Account Number
Type of Account
Full name in Capital Letter
Date of Birth
Occupation
PAN
Name of Guardian
Relationship with minor
Operating instruction
Facilities required
Statement of Account through
Other information
Declaration, if any
Specimen signature
Signature

Document required for opening a Bank Account.

Certified copy of Articles of Association and Memorandum of Association.
Certified copy of Board Resolution regarding the opening of a Current Account.
Specimen signature of Directors and Secretary.
List of Directors
Certificate of Incorporation.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Std Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions Digest

11th Secretarial Practice Chapter 7 Exercise Company Meetings – I Practical Problems Solutions Maharashtra Board

April 1, 2025March 31, 2025 by Bhagya

Company Meetings – I 11th Secretarial Practice Chapter 7 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 7 Company Meetings – I Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 11 Secretarial Practice Chapter 7 Exercise Solutions

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
The intimation to members stating the day, date, time, and place of meeting is known as ______________
(a) quorum
(b) agenda
(c) notice
Answer:
(c) notice

Question 2.
The notice of the general meeting must be sent to all members ______________ clear days before the meeting.
(a) 24
(b) 21
(c) 14
Answer:
(b) 21

Question 3.
The person who presides over the meeting is known as ______________
(a) Secretary
(b) Chairman
(c) Director
Answer:
(b) Chairman

Question 4.
A proxy can vote only in the case of voting by ______________
(a) division
(b) show of hand
(c) poll
Answer:
(c) poll

Question 5.
The appointment of an auditor requires ______________
(a) resolution requiring special notice
(b) an ordinary resolution
(c) a special resolution.
Answer:
(b) an ordinary resolution

Question 6.
A ______________ is the proposal put before the meeting for discussion and decision.
(a) Motion
(b) Resolution
(c) Minutes
Answer:
(a) Motion

Question 7.
The right of casting vote is given to the ______________
(a) Director
(b) Chairman
(c) Secretary
Answer:
(b) Chairman

Question 8.
Minutes must be recorded within ______________ days of the conclusion of the meeting.
(a) 60
(b) 21
(c) 15
Answer:
(c) 15

Question 9.
______________ resolutions are not passed in general meeting.
(a) Ordinary
(b) Special resolution
(c) Resolution by circulation
Answer:
(c) Resolution by circulation

Question 10.
For passing special resolution ______________ majority is required.
(a) 51%
(b) 66%
(c) 75%
Answer:
(c) 75%

Question 11.
For alterations in the Articles of Associations ______________ is required.
(a) a special resolution
(b) an ordinary resolution
(c) a resolution requiring a special notice
Answer:
(a) a special resolution

Question 12.
Provisions about resolutions are contained in ______________ of a company.
(a) Articles of Association
(b) Memorandum of Association
(c) Prospectus
Answer:
(a) Articles of Association

Question 13.
When a poll is demanded it must be taken within ______________ hours.
(a) 48
(b) 36
(c) 12
Answer:
(a) 48

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Chairman	(1) Proposal put before the meeting
(b) Quorum	(2) Casting vote
(c) Motion	(3) Amendment
(d) Minutes	(4) Minimum number of members required for a valid meeting
(e) Notice	(5) Voting
(f) Proxy	(6) Maximum number of members required for a valid meeting
	(7) Record of a meeting
	(8) Accepted motion
	(9) Intimation stating agenda, day, date, time and place of meeting
	(10) Representative of a member
	(11) Representative of a director
	(12) Formal motion

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Chairman	(2) Casting vote
(b) Quorum	(4) Minimum number of members required for a valid meeting
(c) Motion	(1) Proposal put before the meeting
(d) Minutes	(7) Record of a meeting
(e) Notice	(9) Intimation stating agenda, day, date, time and place of meeting
(f) Proxy	(10) Representative of a member

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
The person who signs the minutes of the meeting.
Answer:
Chairman

Question 2.
A method of voting where members can vote in proportion to the number of shares held.
Answer:
Voting by-poll

Question 3.
A resolution passed by simple majority.
Answer:
Ordinary Resolution

Question 4.
A resolution passed by a 3/4 majority.
Answer:
Special Resolution

Question 5.
A company officer who is required to draft the minutes of the meeting.
Answer:
Secretary

Question 6.
A person who conducts the proceedings of the meeting.
Answer:
Chairman

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
Minutes are prepared before the meeting.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
A maximum number of members required to attend the meeting is called a Quorum.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Meetings are held only to review the progress of the company.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Chairman has the right to conduct the meeting.
Answer:
True

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Next Business Motion, Previous Question Motion, Special Resolution.
Answer:
Special Resolution

Question 2.
Ordinary Resolution, Resolution requiring special notice, Substantive motion.
Answer:
Substantive Motion

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
The authority who can convene the general meeting of shareholders is ______________
Answer:
Board of Director

Question 2.
The advance intimation about the day, date, time, etc. of a meeting sent to the members is called as ______________
Answer:
Notice

Question 3.
The minimum number of members required to be present at a meeting is called as ______________
Answer:
Quorum

Question 4.
A person who attends a general meeting and votes on behalf of a member is called as ______________
Answer:
Proxy

Question 5.
A proposal put before a meeting for consideration and adoption is called as ______________
Answer:
Motion

Question 6.
A formal and final decision taken in a meeting is called as ______________
Answer:
Resolution

Question 7.
The written records of proceedings of a meeting is called as ______________
Answer:
Minutes

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Voting by-poll	…………………
(2) ………………………	Special resolution
(3) Substantive Motion	…………………..
(4) ………………………	Chairman

(Presides over the meeting, Proxy, an amended Motion, 3/4 or 75% majority)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Voting by-poll	Proxy
(2) 3/4 or 75% majority	Special Resolution
(3) Substantive Motion	an amended Motion
(4) Presides over a Meeting	Chairman

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What are Minutes?
Answer:
Minutes are the written records of the proceedings of the meeting.

Question 2.
What is Notice?
Answer:
Notice is an advance intimation given by the company informing the day, date, time, and place of the meeting.

Question 3.
What is Ordinary Resolution?
Answer:
A resolution that is passed by a simple majority i.e., 50% or more is called Ordinary Resolution.

Question 4.
What is the agenda?
Answer:
Agenda is a list of items to be discussed or things to be done at the meeting.

Question 5.
Who is Chairman?
Answer:
A chairman is a person who presides over a meeting.

Question 6.
What is the point of order?
Answer:
A point of order is an objection or question raised by any member regarding irregularity in the proceedings of the meeting.

1I. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Minutes are prepared before the meeting.
Answer:
Minutes are prepared after the meeting.

Question 2.
Resolution is a proposal put before a meeting for discussion.
Answer:
Motion is a proposal put before a meeting for discussion.

Question 3.
Polling papers are used for voting by show of hands.
Answer:
Polling papers are used for voting by-poll.

Question 4.
A Motion is a final decision taken in the meeting.
Answer:
A Resolution is a final decision taken in the meeting.

Question 5.
The agenda is prepared after the meeting.
Answer:
The agenda is prepared before the meeting.

1J. Arrange in proper order.

Question 1.
(a) Drafting Minutes
(b) Sending notice
(c) Confirming quorum
Answer:
(a) Sending Notice
(b) Confirming Quorum
(c) Drafting Minutes

Question 2.
(a) Motion
(b) Resolution
(c) Voting
Answer:
(a) Motion
(b) Voting
(c) Resolution

2. Explain the following terms/concepts:

Question 1.
Ordinary Resolution
Answer:
Ordinary Resolution (Section 114) A resolution that is passed by a simple majority i.e. 50% or more is called ordinary resolution. More than 50% of the votes should be in favour of the motion. An ordinary resolution need not be submitted to the Registrar of Companies. The notice of the meeting need not require to explain the particulars of an ordinary resolution.
Example:

Approval of Director’s report and Auditor report
Alteration of share capital
Declaration of dividend
Approval of final accounts
Election of director
Appointment of Secretary, Auditor, etc.

Question 2.
Agenda
Answer:
Agenda is a list of items to be discussed or things to be done or the business to be transacted at the meeting. It is sent along with the notice. A secretary prepares the agenda in consultation with the Chairman. The business at the meeting is transacted according to the order in which it appears in the agenda, routine matter first followed by special matters. The agenda is prepared as per the nature and the scope of the meeting.

Question 3.
Quorum
Answer:
Quorum (Section 103) is the minimum number of members required to be present for transacting a valid business. Without quorum proceeding of the meeting becomes invalid. The quorum should be present throughout the meeting i.e. from beginning till the end of the meeting. Secretary must check the quorum before the commencement of the meeting.

Question 4.
Proxy
Answer:
A proxy is a person, who can attend and vote at the meeting on behalf of an absent member. Every member of a company has a statutory right to appoint a proxy. When a member is not in a position to attend the meeting, he can appoint his representative. The representative of an absent member is called a Proxy. He has no right to speak at the meeting.

Question 5.
Amendment
Answer:
An amendment is any alteration proposed by a member to the original motion when a motion is under discussion. Amendments are generally moved to alter original motion by

Adding some new words or
Deleting some words or
Replacing some words or
Changing the position or place of words.

The amendment should be relevant to the main motion and it must not alter the original motion.

Question 6.
Motion
Answer:
A motion is a proposal put before the meeting for discussion and decision. A person who proposes a motion is called a proposer or a mover of a motion. A motion is subject to alteration before it is adopted by the meeting.

Question 7.
Special Resolution
Answer:
The resolution which is passed by a special majority is called a Special resolution. It is passed by 3/4th or 75% majority. The purpose of passing this resolution should be mentioned in the notice of the meeting. A special resolution is passed in general meetings only. Notice of special resolution has to be given to the members 21 clear days before the meeting. A copy of the special resolution must be filed with the Registrar of companies through e-filing on the MCA portal within 30 days of passing the resolution.
Examples:

Change in the name of the company (Section 13).
Change in the registered office of the company from one state to another (Section 12).
Alteration in the object clause of the company.
Reduction in the authorized share capital of the company.
Alteration in the Articles of Association of the company (Section 14)

Question 8.
Notice
Answer:
Proper notice must be given to a proper person for a valid meeting. Notice is an advance intimation given by the company informing the day, date, time, and place of meeting and business to be transacted at the meeting. It is given in writing to all those who are entitled to receive it. In case of general meeting, 21 days clear notice before meeting and 7 days in case of the Board meeting.

Question 9.
Minutes
Answer:
Minutes are the written records of proceedings of a meeting. It is a summary of all discussions and decisions taken at the meeting. It is a concise and accurate record of business transacted at the meeting. Minutes are prepared by the secretary within 15 days after the meeting. Minutes are recorded in minutes book and written in the past tense. After preparing minutes, it should be passed in consecutive meetings. Minutes book for General meetings and Board meetings are maintained separately.

Question 10.
Point of order
Answer:
A point of order is a question or objection raised by any member when he wants to point out an irregularity in the proceedings of the meeting. It is raised to draw the attention of the chairman.
The point of order can be raised on the following points:

Absence of quorum
Breach of any rule related to meeting
Misbehavior of any member
Unparliamentary or Improper language used by any member.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. XYZ Ltd Co. sent notice of its Annual General meeting to its members. In the meeting, a resolution is to be passed on altering the Articles of Association.

Question (a).
Should agenda also be sent with Notice?
Answer:
Yes, the agenda should be sent along with the notice.

Question (b).
What type of resolution is needed to alter the Articles?
Answer:
A special resolution is needed to alter the Articles of Association.

Question (c).
Should the resolution for altering articles be filed with the Registrar of Companies?
Answer:
A copy of the special resolution passed for altering Articles of Association must be filed with the Registrar of Companies within 30 days of its passing.

2. A General meeting of a public limited company is to be held. State the provision of quorum for-

Question (a).
meeting of the company which has less than 1000 members?
Answer:
The quorum for less than 1000 members is 5 members.

Question (b).
meeting of the company which has more than 5000 members?
Answer:
The quorum for more than 5000 members is 30 members.

Question (c).
meeting of the company which has 2500 members?
Answer:
The quorum for 2500 members is 15 members.

3. Mr. P is elected as chairman of the General Meeting. Please advise him on the following matters:

Question (a).
What should be done if the votes cast in favour and against the motion are equal?
Answer:
A chairman of the general meeting (Mr. P) can exercise casting votes in case of a tie in votes.

Question (b).
How many votes can a member cast under the poll method?
Answer:
Under the poll method, a member can cast his votes as per the number of shares held by him. ‘One shares One vote’ is a rule.
Eg. If Mr. A has 100 shares, he can cast 100 votes.

Question (c).
What should Mr. P do if any point of order is raised by a member?
Answer:
If the point of order is raised, Mr. P has to stop discussion on an original motion under discussion and give his ruling/decision immediately on point of order.

4. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Agenda and Minutes
Answer:

Basis	Agenda	Minutes
1. Meaning	Agenda is a list of ‘the things to be done or ‘business to be transacted at the meeting.	Minutes are the record of the business transacted, resolutions passed and decisions arrived at by the meeting.
2. Contents	Agenda, generally contains ‘what is to be done, motions, etc.	Minutes generally contain ‘what has been done, resolution, etc.
3. When Prepared	The agenda is prepared before the meeting.	Minutes are prepared after the conclusion of the meeting.
4. Tense	It is written in the future tense.	It is always in the past tense.
5. Importance	Agenda enables the members to know, what business the meeting is going to transact. The Chairman also can conduct the meeting as per the agenda.	Minutes are evidence of the decisions taken at a meeting. Even an absent member can know about the proceedings of the meeting.
6. Legal Status	Agenda has no legal importance. The Companies Act has not provided any rules regarding the drafting of an agenda.	Minutes are the legal evidence of resolutions passed at the meeting. It provides abstract proof of the proceedings at the meeting. It can even be produced in the court of law as a legal document.
7. Approval	The agenda is prepared by the secretary and approved by the Chairman, but no approval of the members is required.	Minutes are prepared by the secretary and approved by the members, finally, it is confirmed by the Chairman.
8. Alterations	Alterations in the order of items in an agenda can be made if the members attending the meeting agree to it.	Minutes once recorded in the minute book, signed by the Chairman, and confirmed by the members cannot be altered.

Question 2.
Motion and Resolution
Answer:

Basis	Motion	Resolution
1. Meaning	Motion is a written proposal placed before the meeting for discussion and decision.	Resolution is a duly approved and accepted motion in the meeting.
2. Amendment	Motion can be amended before it is put to vote.	Resolution once passed, cannot be amended.
3. Recording	A motion is not recorded in the minute’s book of a meeting.	All resolutions must be recorded in the minute book of a meeting.
4. Filing	The motion need not be filed with the Registrar of Companies.	Special resolutions are required to be filed with the Registrar of the Companies within 30 days of the date of its passing.
5. Withdrawal	It may be withdrawn by mover before it is put to vote.	Once it is approved, it cannot be withdrawn.
6. Evidence	It can not be used as evidence.	It can be used as legal evidence.
7. Types	Motion can be (a) Formal motion (b) Substantive motion	Resolution can be (a) Ordinary resolution (b) Special resolution

Question 3.
Voting by show of hands and Voting by-poll.
Answer:

Basis	Voting by show of hands	Voting by-poll
1. Meaning	Voting by show of hands is a method of voting in which members cast their votes by raising their hands.	Voting by-poll is a method in which every member is given a paper to record their votes according to the number of shares held by them.
2. Secrecy	Votes are given openly, hence secrecy is not maintained.	Votes are recorded on voting papers, hence secrecy is maintained.
3. Voting by Proxy	Proxies are not allowed to vote under this method.	Proxies can vote only in this method.
4. No. of Votes	‘One man One vote’ is the principle of voting.	‘One share One vote’ is the principle of voting.
5. Effect	The decision by show of hands is canceled, if the poll is demanded.	The decision taken by-poll is final and it cannot be canceled.
6. Nature	It is a democratic method of voting.	It is a capitalistic method of voting.

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
State the importance of company meetings.
Answer:
The term meeting is derived from the Latin word ‘Maeta’ means ‘face to face.
A meeting may be defined as ‘Any gathering or assembly or coming together of two or more persons for transacting some lawful business of a common concern.’ – P.K.Ghosh.

Importance of Company Meetings:

Members get the opportunity to come together and discuss the work and progress of the company.
Minutes of the last meeting is read, which enables the absent and present member to get a clear idea about the matters discussed in the previous meeting.
It enables the management to discuss and decide about their policies, plan, programs, etc, and its implementation.
Problems faced by the company can be discussed at the meeting and a decision can be arrived.
Legal formalities related to convening and conducting meetings of the company are fulfilled by conducting meetings.
Appointment of directors and auditors, declaration of dividend, approvals of the annual report, financial statements, auditors report, etc. can be done in the meetings.
Strict action can be taken against defaulters in the meeting.

Question 2.
State the legal provisions regarding Proxy.
Answer:
Legal Provisions regarding Proxy are as follows:

Appointment: Any member of a company entitled to attend and vote at the meeting shall be entitled to appoint a proxy to attend and vote at the meeting on his behalf. A minor cannot be appointed as a proxy. The proxy cannot be appointed for the Board Meeting. The appointment of a proxy is valid for an adjourned meeting.
Right: A proxy is not allowed to speak at the meeting. The proxy can vote only on resolutions passed by voting by-poll.
Membership: A person appointed as a proxy need not be a member of the company.
Proxy form: A member appointing a proxy must submit a duly completed proxy form in the registered office of the company at least 48 hours before the meeting.
Inspection: A member can inspect any proxy form by giving not less than three days’ notice to the company.

Question 3.
When can the point of order be raised?
Answer:
A point of order is a question or objection raised by any member when he wants to point out an irregularity in the proceedings of the meeting. It is raised to draw the attention of the chairman.
The point of order can be raised on the following points:

Absence of quorum
Breach of any rule related to meeting
Misbehaviour of any member
Unparliamentary or improper language used by any member.

When the point of order is raised, discussion on the original motion is stopped for some time. The chairman gives his decision on point of order. The decision given by the chairman is final and binding on the meeting.

Question 4.
Explain any four methods of Voting?
Answer:
Methods of Voting:
(i) Voting by Voice:
In this method, the members are requested to say ‘Yes’ if they favour the motion or say ‘No’ if they are against the motion. The decision is taken on the basis of the volume of voice. This method is rarely used. The volume of voice may not give a clear and correct idea about the majority of votes.

(ii) Voting by Division:
In this method, present members are divided into two groups. Members in favour and those against the motion are asked to go to different rooms. Then the sense of the meeting is ascertained by counting and the chairman declares the result.

(iii) Voting by show of Hands:
This method is used in the general meetings of a company. After the discussion on the motion, the Chairman requests the members to raise their hands in favour or against the motion. The chairman declares the result by counting a number of hands in favour or against the proposal. ‘One man One vote’ is the principle.

(iv) Voting by Poll:
The poll can be demanded after the declaration of result by show of hands. Under this method, each member can vote in proportion to the number of shares held by him. ‘One share One vote’ is the principle. Polling papers are given to members and proxies for recording their votes. The result of the poll is final and not to be challenged.

Question 4.
State the importance of Minutes.
Answer:
The importance of Minutes are as follows:

Official record: Minutes provide a ready reference to all the activities related to the meeting. It is the most important, official, and authentic record on which people can trust.
Evidence: Minutes can be used as prima facie evidence in a court of law.
Future reference: Minutes is a permanent record. It can be used for taking future managerial decisions.
Legal provisions: Minutes are prepared in order to comply with the provisions of the Companies Act and Secretarial Standard.
Information to absent members: Minutes help the absent members to know the proceedings of the meeting, as it is not always possible for everyone to attend the meeting.
Reminder: The matters discussed at the meeting are noted down in minutes. It acts as a reminder to the concerned people.
Information about resolution: The motion and discussion on the motion are reflected in the resolution. Interested parties can always refer to the text of a resolution when there is contradiction or confusion.
Inspection of Minutes: As per the Companies Act, Minutes Book should be kept at the registered office of the company and every member has right to inspect the Minutes book at the general meetings.

6. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
The meeting must be duly convened and properly constituted.
Answer:

A meeting is defined as Any gathering assembly or coming together of two or more persons for the transaction of some lawful business of the common concern.
A meeting becomes valid when it is duly convened and properly constituted.
A meeting should be convened by proper authority.
It must be convened as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
Notice and Agenda of the meeting must be given 21 clear days before the meeting to all those who are entitled to receive it.
Thus, meetings must be duly convened and properly constituted.

Question 2.
Chairman is responsible for the proper conduct of meetings.
Answer:

A Chairman is a person who presides over a meeting.
There should be a proper person in the chair i.e. chairman to conduct the proceedings of the meeting smoothly, fairly, and properly.
A chairman should maintain overall discipline in the meeting.
A chairman has to maintain order at the debate and decide the priority of speakers so that members can get a chance to express their views.
A chairman should give his ruling on point of order at the earliest.
A chairman can initiate an order for voting and declare the result of voting.
A chairman must prevent improper behaviour, if any, by the member and prevent the use of unparliamentary language.
Thus, Chairman is responsible for the proper conduct of meetings.

Question 3.
Motion can be amended.
Answer:

A motion is a proposal put before the meeting for discussion and decision.
The amendment is an alteration proposed by a member to the original motion under discussion.
Amendment can be done by adding some new words or deleting some words in the original motion.
Amendment can be done by replacing some words or by changing the position of words to the original motion.
The amendment should be relevant to the original motion.
The amendment is done to make the original motion more effective and meaningful.
Amendment can be accepted or rejected. If accepted, it is considered for discussion. If approved by the meeting, it is incorporated in the original motion.
Thus, the motion can be amended.

Question 4.
The proxy can not speak in the meeting.
Answer:

A proxy is a representative of a member.
A proxy can attend and vote on behalf of an absent member.
If a member is not in a position to attend the meeting, he can appoint a proxy on his behalf.
A proxy need not be a member of the company.
A minor cannot be appointed as a proxy.
A proxy has no right to speak at the meeting.
A proxy can vote only under the poll method.
A member appointing a proxy must submit the proxy form in the registered office of the company at least 48 hours before the meeting.
Thus, Proxy can not speak in the meeting.

Question 5.
Notice is issued to members for a meeting along with the agenda.
Answer:

Notice is an advance intimation given by the company informing the day, date, time, and place of the meeting.
Agenda is given along with notice so that members can come well prepared for the meeting.
Members come to know about the matters to be discussed at the meeting.
If a member is not in a position to attend the meeting, he can appoint a proxy.
Member can advise his proxy to vote on certain matters.
Thus, a Notice is issued to members for a meeting along with the agenda.

7. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain the powers and duties of the chairman.
Answer:
A chairman is a person who presides over a meeting. There should be a proper person in the chair i.e. chairman to conduct the proceedings of the meeting smoothly, fairly, and properly.

Powers of Chairman:

To maintain order and conduct the meeting properly.
To maintain order at the debate.
To decide the priority of speakers.
To prevent improper behaviour and unparliamentary language.
To adjourn the meeting.
To exercise a casting vote.
To declare the result of the voting.
To give a ruling on point of order.

Duties of Chairman:

To see that the meeting is duly convened and properly constituted.
To see that the meeting is held according to the rules.
To see that the items are discussed as per the order of the agenda.
To maintain overall discipline in the meeting.
To give a fair chance to members to express their views.
To declare the result of voting.
To check and sign minutes book.
To act in the best interest of the company.

Question 2.
Explain the different methods of voting.
Answer:
Different methods of voting are as follows:
(i) Voting by voice:
In this method, the members are requested to say “Yes’ if they favour the motion or say ‘No’ if they are against the motion. The decision is taken on the basis of the volume of voice. This method is rarely used. The volume of voice may not give a clear and correct idea about the majority of votes.

(ii) Voting by division:
In this method, present members are divided into two groups. Members in favour and those against the motion are asked to go to different rooms. Then the sense of the meeting is ascertained by counting and the chairman declares the result.

(iii) Voting by ballot:
Under this method, every member entitled to vote is asked to record the vote on a ballot paper and deposit it in the ballot box. The votes are counted and the result is declared. This method ensures secrecy in voting.

(iv) Voting by show of hands:
This method is used in the general meetings of a company. After the discussion on the motion, the Chairman requests the members to raise their hands in favour or against the motion. The chairman declares the result by counting a number of hands in favour or against the proposal. ‘One man One vote’ is the principle.

(v) Voting electronically:
The Central Government may prescribe certain companies for having compulsory electronic voting in general meeting. Members may exercise his right to vote by electronic means.

(vi) Voting by postal ballot:
The Central Government may prescribe certain companies for having voting by postal ballot. Ballot papers are sent by post to members.

(vii) Voting by Poll:
Poll can be demanded after the declaration of result by show of hands. Under this method each member can vote in proportion to the number of shares held by him. ‘One share One vote’ is the principle. Polling papers are given to members and proxies for recording their votes. The result of poll is final and not to be challenged.

Question 3.
Explain the types of resolution.
Answer:
Types of Resolution:
(i) Ordinary Resolution:
A resolution which is passed by simple majority is called ordinary resolution. More than 50% of the votes should be in favour of motion. An ordinary resolution need not be submitted to the Registrar of Companies. The notice of the meeting need not require to explain the particulars of an ordinary resolution.

Examples:

Approval of Directors report and Auditor report.
Alteration of share capital
Declaration of dividend, etc.

(ii) Special Resolution:
The resolution which is passed by special majority is called as Special resolution. It is passed by 3/4th or 75% majority. The purpose of passing this resolution should be mentioned in the notice of the meeting. A special resolution is passed in general meeting only. Notice of special resolution has to be given to the members 21 clear days before the meeting. A copy of special resolution must be filed with the Registrar of Companies through e-filing on MCA portal within 30 days of passing resolution.

Examples:

Change in the name of the company.
Change in the registered office of the company from one state to another.
Alteration in the object clause of company, etc.

(iii) Resolution requiring special notice:
Some resolutions require special notice as per the companies Act or Articles of Association of the company, hence such resolutions are called resolution requiring special notice. Special Notice resolution may be ordinary or special resolution. A proposer of a motion has to give a special notice of 14 days to the company. The company should then give a notice of that resolution to all members atleast 7 days before the meeting.

Examples:

Resolution to appoint a person as an auditor other than a retiring auditors.
A resolution providing that a retiring auditor shall not be reappointed.
Resolution to appoint director other than retiring director, etc.

(iv) Resolution requiring registration:
Resolution which are required to be registered with the Registrar of Companies are called as resolution requiring registration. Resolution should be filed with Registrar within 30 days of its passing.

Examples:

All special resolutions.
Resolution made by Board of Directors regarding appointment or re-appointment of Managing director.
Resolution by members regarding dissolution of the company, etc.

(v) Resolution by Circulation:
When directors have to take important and urgent decisions and do not have a sufficient time to call a meeting, then a draft resolution is prepared and forwarded to all directors to pass resolution. It is called as resolution by circulation.

Activity: (Textbook Page No. 113)

Prepare an agenda for a meeting to discuss holding of Annual Day.
Answer:

AGENDA
Agenda for “Utsav – 2019”.
Annual day of Reliable Junior College, Mahim.

To discuss the date, venue and time for Utsav – 2019.
To decide and invite Chief guest for innaguration.
To set up the various committees – Cultural Committee, Welcoming Committee, Refreshment Committee, Security Committee, Stage Committee.
To assign the responsibilities to the various committees.
To issue special passes for the VIP’s and guest.
To fix the budget for the annual day.
To decide the vendor for Momentos and Medals.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Std Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions Digest