Class 10

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation

Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
Study the entries in the following table and rewrite them putting the connected items in a single row :

I	II	III
Mass	m/s2	Zero at the centre of the earth
Weight	kg	Measure of inertia
Acceleration due to gravity	N.m2/kg2	Same in the entire universe
Gravitational constant	N	Depends on height

Answer:

I	II	III
Mass	kg	Measure of inertia
Weight	N	Depends on height
Acceleration due to gravity	m/s2	Zero at the centre of the earth
Gravitational constant	N.m2/kg2	Same in the entire universe

Gravitation Class 10 Maharashtra Board Question 2.
Answer the following questions.
(a) What is the difference between mass and weight of an object? Will the mass and weight of an object on the earth be the same as their values on Mars? Why?
Answer:
The mass of an object is the amount of matter present in it. It is same everywhere in the Universe and is never zero. It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is kg. The weight of an object is the force with which the earth (or any other planet/ moon/star) attracts it. It is directed towards the centre of the earth. The weight of an object is different at different places on the earth. It is zero at the earth’s centre. It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is the newton (N). The magnitude of weight = mg.

The mass of an object will be the same on the earth and Mars, but the weight will not be the same because the value of g on Mars is different from that on the earth.

(b) what are (i) free fall, (ii) acceleration due to gravity (iii) escape velocity (iv) centripetal force?
Answer:
(i) Free fall:
Whenever an object moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely.

(ii) Acceleration due to gravity:
The acceleration produced in a body due to the gravitational force of the earth is called the acceleration due to gravity.
[Note: On the earth’s surface, the value of the acceleration due to gravity is almost uniform. If a body falls from a low altitude, the value of the acceleration due to gravity is almost the same.]

(iii) Escape velocity:
When a body is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth, the minimum initial velocity of the body for which the body is able to overcome the downward pull by the earth and can escape the earth forever is called the escape velocity.

(iv) Centripetal force:
In uniform circular motion of a body, the force acting on the body is directed towards the centre of the circle. This force is called centripetal force.

(c) Write the three laws given by Kepler. How did they help Newton to arrive at the inverse square law of gravity?
Kepler’s first law :
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.

Figure 1.5 shows the elliptical orbit of a planet revolving around the Sun (S).

Kepler’s second law :
The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
A → B, C → D and E → F are the displacements of the planet in equal intervals of time.
The straight lines AS, CS and ES sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Area ASB = area CSD = area ESF.

Kepler’s third law :
The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.
Thus, if r is the average distance of the planet from the Sun and T is its period of revolution, then,
T² ∝ r², i.e., \(\frac{T^{2}}{r^{3}}\) = constant = K

For simplicity, we shall assume the orbit to be a circle.

In Fig. 1.6,
S denotes the position of the Sun, P denotes the position of a planet at a given instant and r denotes the radius of the orbit (= the distance of the planet from the Sun). Here, the speed of the planet is uniform.

If m is the mass of the planet, the centripetal force exerted on the planet by the Sun (= gravitational force),

According to Kepler’s third law,

Thus, F ∝ \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\) as \(\frac{4 \pi^{2} m}{K}\) is constant in a particular case.

(d) A stone thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity u reaches a height ‘h’ before coming down. Show that the time taken to go up is same as the time taken to come down.
Answer:

We have, v = u + at …..(1)
and s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\) at² …..(2)
∴ s = (v – at) t + \(\frac{1}{2}\) at²
= vt – at² + \(\frac{1}{2}\) at²
∴ s = vt – \(\frac{1}{2}\) at² …..(3)
As the stone moves upward from A → B,
s = AB = h, t = t₁,
a = -g (retardation),
u = u and v = 0
∴ From Eq. (3), h = 0 – \(\frac{1}{2}\) (-g)t₁²
∴ h = \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt₁² …..(4)
As the stone moves downward from B → A,
t = t₂, u = 0, s = h and a = g
∴ from Eq. (2), h = \(\frac{1}{2}\) gt² …..(5)
From Eqs. (4) and (5), t₁² = t₂²
∴ t₁ = t₂ (∵ t₁ and t₂ are positive)

(e) If the value of g suddenly becomes twice its value, it will become two times more difficult to pull a heavy object along the floor. Why?
Answer:
To pull an object along the floor, it is necessary to do work against the force of friction between the object and the surface of the floor. This force of friction is proportional to the weight, mg, of the object. If the value of g becomes twice its value, the weight of the object and hence the force of friction will become double. Therefore, it will become two times more difficult to pull a heavy object along the floor.

10th Gravitation Chapter Exercise Question 3.
Explain why the value of g is zero at the centre of the earth.
The value of g changes while going deep inside the earth. It goes on decreasing as we go from the earth’s surface towards the earth’s centre.

We shall treat the earth as a sphere of uniform density. If we consider a particle of mass m at point P at a distance (R – d) from the earth’s centre, where R is the radius of the earth and d is the depth below the earth’s surface, the gravitational force on the particle due to the earth is

F = \(\frac{G m M^{\prime}}{(R-d)^{2}}\), where ‘M’ is the mass of the sphere of radius (R – d).

because the outer spherical shell is not effective (Fig. 1.10). In this case, the acceleration due to gravity is

where M is the mass of the earth. Thus, g decreases as d increases. It is less than that at the earth’s surface (\(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)) At the earth’s centre, d = R
∴ g = 0.

[Note : The formulae given in the answer are not given in the textbook. The formula density = \(\frac{\text { mass }}{\text { volume }}\) is used to find M’.]

Std 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Question Answer Question 4.
Let the period of revolution of a planet at a distance R from a star be T. Prove that if it was at a distance of 2R from the star, its period of revolution will be \(\sqrt{8} T\).
Answer:
T= \(\frac{2 \pi}{\sqrt{G M}} \quad r^{3 / 2}\), where T = period of revolution of a planet around the Sun, M = mass of the Sun, G = gravitational constant and r = radius of the orbit assumed to be circular = distance of the planet from the Sun.
For r = R, T =T₁.

Class 10 Science 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation Question 5.
Solve the following examples.
(a) An object takes 5 s to reach the ground from a height of 5 m on a planet. What is the value of g on the planet?
Solution:
Data: u = 0 m/s, s = 5m, t = 5s, g = ?

(b) The radius of planet A is half the radius of planet B. If the mass of A is M_A, what must be the mass of B so that the value of g on B is half that of its value on A?  (Practice Activity Sheet – 4)
Solution:
Data : R_A = R_B/2, gB = \(\frac{1}{2}\) g_A, M_B = ?

(c) The mass and weight of an object on the earth are 5 kg and 49 N respectively. What will be their values on the moon? Assume that the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is l/6th of that on the earth.
Solution:
Data: m = 5 kg, W = 49 N,
gM = \(\frac{g_{E}}{6}\),m (on the moon) = ?, W(on the moon) = ?
(i) The mass of the object on the moon = the mass of the object on the earth = 5 kg
(ii) W = mg

(weight of the object on the moon).

(d) An object thrown vertically upwards reaches a height of 500 m. what was its initial velocity? How long will the object take to come back to the earth? Assume g = 10 m/s²
Solution:
100 mn/s and 20 s

(e) A ball falls off a table and reaches the ground in 1 s. Assuming g = 10 m/s², calculate its speed on reaching the ground and the height of the table.
Solution:
Data: t = 1s, g = 10 m/s², u = 0 m/s,
s = ?, v = ?
(i) s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt²
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt² for u = 0 m/s
∴ s = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 10 m/s² × (1s)²
=5 m
∴ The height of the table = 5 m.

(ii) v = u +at = u + gt
= 0 m/s + 10 m/s² × 1 s
= 10m/s
∴ The velocity of the ball on reaching the ground = 10 m/s.

(f) The masses of the earth and moon are 6 × 10²⁴ kg and 7.4 × 10²² kg, respectively. The distance between them is 3.84 × 10⁵ km. Calculate the gravitational force of attraction between the two. Use G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m² kg^-2.
Solution:
Data : m₁ = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
m₂ = 7.4 × 10²² kg,
r = 3.84 × 10⁵ km = 3.84 × 10⁸ m,
G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m² kg^-2, F = ?

This is (the magnitude of) the gravitational force between the earth and the moon.

(g) The mass of the earth is 6 × 10²⁴ kg. The distance between the earth and the Sun is 1.5 × 10¹¹ m. If the gravitational force between the two is 3.5 × 10²² N, what is the mass of the Sun? (Use G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m² kg^-2)
Solution:
Data : m₁ = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
r = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m, F = 3.5 × 10²² N,
G = 6.7 × 10^-11 N.m²kg^-2, m₂ = ?

= 1.96 × 10³⁰ kg (mass of the sun)

Gravitation Class 10 Exercise Answers Project:
Take weights of five of your friends. Find out what their weights will be on the moon and the Mars.
Answer:
Help: The weight of a body
(i) On the earth. W₁ = mg₁
(ii) on the moon, W₂ = mg₂
(iii) on Mars, W₃ = mg₃
∴ W₂ = W₁ × \(\frac{g_{2}}{g_{1}}\) and W₃ = W₁ × \(\frac{g_{3}}{g_{1}}\)
Now, g₁ = 9.81 m/s², g₂ = 1.67 m/s² and g₃ = 3.72 m/s²
If W₁ = 500 N,
W₂ = 500 × \(\frac{1.67}{9.81}\)N = 85.12N(approx.)
and W₃ = 500 × \(\frac{3.72}{9.81}\)N = 189.6 N (approx.)

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 1)

10th Class Science Part 1 Chapter 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
What are the effects of a force acting on an object? (Note: a body ≡ an object)
Answer:

• A force can set a body in motion. For example, if a ball at rest on the floor is pushed, it rolls on the floor.
• A force can stop a moving body. For example, a moving bicycle can be brought to rest by application of brakes.
• A force acting on a body can change the speed of the body. For example, when brakes are applied to a moving bicycle, its speed decreases due to the friction between the brake shoes and the rim of the tire.
• A force can change the direction of motion of the body. For example, in a uniform circular motion of a body, the direction of motion of the body keeps on changing due to the applied force.
• A force can change the speed as well as the direction of motion of the body. For example, when a ball bowled by a bowler is hit by a batsman, there occurs a*change in the speed as well as the direction of motion of the ball.
• A force can change the shape and size of the body on which it acts. For example, when a rubber ball is pressed, it gets deformed and hence no longer remains spherical. Also, there can be a decrease in its volume.

1 Gravitation Exercise Question 2.
What types of forces are you familiar with?
Answer:
The gravitational force between the earth and the moon, the electromagnetic force between two charged particles in motion, the nuclear force between a proton and a neutron in the nucleus of an atom.

Gravitation 10th Class Exercise Question 3.
What do you know about the gravitational force?
Answer:
The gravitational force is a universal force, i.e., it acts between any two objects in the universe.

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 1)

Science Part 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
What are Newton’s laws of motion?
Answer:
(1) Newton’s first law of motion: An object continues to remain at rest or in a state of uniform motion along a straight line unless an external unbalanced force acts on it.

(2) Newton’s second law of motion: The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force and the change of momentum occurs in the direction of the force.

(3) Newton’s third law of motion: Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force that acts simultaneously.
[Note: Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.]

Use your brainpower! (Text Book Page No. 4)

10th Science Part 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
If area ESF in figure 1.5 is equal to area ASB, what will you infer about EF?
Answer:
The time taken by the planet to move from E to F equals the time taken by the planet to move from A to B.

Use your brainpower (Text Book Page No. 7)

Gravitation Exercise 10th Class Question 1.
According to Newton’s law of gravitation, every object attracts every other object.
Thus, if the earth attracts an apple towards itself, the apple also attracts the earth towards itself with the same force. Why then does the apple fall towards the earth, but the earth does not move towards the apple?
Answer:
The earth and the apple move towards each other, but the magnitude of the displacement of the earth is negligible relative to that of the apple. Also the observer is located on the earth.
[Note: The mass of the earth is far greater than that of an apple. Hence, the magnitude of the acceleration of the earth is negligible relative to that of the apple.]

Gravitation Class 10 Question And Answer Question 2.
The gravitational force due to the earth also acts on the moon because of which it revolves around the earth. Similar situation exists for the artificial satellites orbiting the earth. The moon and the artificial satellites orbit the earth. The earth attracts them towards itself but unlike the falling apple, they do not fall on the earth, why?
Answer:
This is because of the velocity of the moon and the satellites along their orbits. If this velocity was not there, they would have fallen on the earth.

Think about it (Text Book Page No. 8)

Std 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Exercise Question 1.
What would happen if there were no gravity?
Answer:
There would be no gravitational attraction between any two particles and hence no formation of the solar system, galaxy, etc.

Science 1 Gravitation Question 2.
What would happen if the value of G was twice as large?
Answer:
The gravitational force between any two particles would become double, also the value of g would become double.

Can you tell? (Text Book Page No. 8)

Gravitation Class 10 Exercise Question 1.
What would be the value of g on the surface of the earth if its mass was twice as large and its radius half of what it is now? (March 2019)
Answer:

∴ g₂ = 8g₁
Thus, the value of g on the surface of the earth would be eight times the present value.

Think about it (Text Book Page No. 9)

Std 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Answers Question 1.
Will the direction of the gravitational force change as we go inside the earth?
Answer:
No.

Gravitation Class 11 Exercise Solutions State Board Question 2.
What will be the value of g at the centre of the earth?
Answer:
Zero.

Use your brain power! (Text Book Page No. 10)

10th Ssc Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Question 1.
Will your weight remain constant as you go above the surface of the earth?
Answer:
No. As we go above the surface of the earth, our weight will go on decreasing.

Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Gravitation Question 2.
Suppose you are standing on a tall ladder. If your distance from the centre of the earth is 2R, what will be your weight?
Answer:

= \(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{G M m}{R^{2}}\right)\)

Use your brain power! (Text Book Page No. 12)

Gravitation Class 11 Maharashtra Board Question 1.
According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the earth’s gravitational force is higher on an object of larger mass. Why doesn’t that object fall down with higher velocity as compared to an object with lower mass?
Answer:
F = ma and F = \(\frac{G M m}{r^{2}}\)
∴ Acceleration, a = \(\frac{G M}{r^{2}}\). This is independent of the mass (m) of the object. Hence, an object of larger mass and an object of lower mass fall down with the same velocity.

Use your brain power! (Text Book Page No. 6)

Question 1.
Assuming the acceleration in Example 2 above remains constant, how long will Mahendra take to move 1 cm towards Virat?
Answer:
Here, u = 0

= 1935 s = 32 minutes 15 seconds.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and write the completed sentences :

Question 1.
The ratio g(earth)/g(moon) is equal to……..
Answer:
The ratio g(earth)/g(moon) is equal to 6 (approximately)

Question 2.
The value of the acceleration due to gravity……..as we move from the equator to a pole.
Answer:
The value of the acceleration due to gravity increases as we move from the equator to a pole.

Question 3.
If the earth shrinks to half of its radius, its mass remaining the same, the weight of an object on the earth will become……..times.
Answer:
If the earth shrinks to half of its radius, its mass remaining the same, the weight of an object on the earth will become four times.

Question 4.
The SI unit of weight is the……..
Answer:
The SI unit of weight is the newton.

Question 5.
The CGS unit of weight is the……..
Answer:
The CGS unit of weight is the dyne

Question 6.
The weight of a body is ……..at the poles.
Answer:
The weight of a body is maximum at the poles.

Question 7.
Outside the earth, the weight of a body varies as……..
Answer:
Outside the earth, the weight of a body varies as 1/(R + h)²

Question 8.
Due to the …….. force, the earth attracts all objects towards it.
Answer:
Due to the gravitational force, the earth attracts all objects towards it. Gravitational

Question 9.
The acceleration due to gravity does not depend on the …….. of the body.
Answer:
The acceleration due to gravity does not depend on the mass of the body. Mass

Question 10.
According to Kepler’s first law, the orbit of a planet is …….. with the Sun at one of the……..
Answer:
According to Kepler’s first law, the orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci

Question 11.
According to Kepler’s second law, the line joining the planet and the Sun …….. in equal intervals of time.
Answer:
According to Kepler’s second law, the line joining the planet and the Sun Sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.

Question 12.
According to Kepler’s third law T² ∝ rⁿ, where n = ……..
Answer:
According to Kepler’s third law T² ∝ rⁿ, where n = 3

Question 13.
For a freely falling object, we can write Newton’s second equation of motion as ……..
Answer:
For a freely falling object, we can write Newton’s second equation of motion as S = \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt²

Question 1.
(A) Write the proper answer in the square.  (Practice Activity Sheet – 1)

If this F = x
Then F =
Answer:
F = \(\frac{x}{4}\)

(B) Write the proper answer in the square.  (March 2019)

If F = \(\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{d^{2}}\),
then F =
Answer:
F = \(\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{9 d^{2}}\)

Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The gravitational force between two particles separated by a distance r varies as ……..
(a) \(\frac{1}{r}\)
(b) r
(c) r²
(d) \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\)
Answer:
(d) \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\)

Question 2.
In the usual notation, the acceleration due to gravity at a height h from the surface of the earth is ……..

Answer:
(c) g = \(\frac{G M}{(R+h)^{2}}\)

Question 3.
The SI unit of the universal constant of gravitation is ……..
(a) N.m²/kg²
(b) N.kg²/m²
(c) m/s²
(d) kg.m/s²
Answer:
(a) N.m²/kg²

Question 4.
The escape velocity of a body from the earth’s surface, v_sec = …….

Answer:
(c) \(\sqrt{\frac{2 G M}{R}}\)

Question 5.
How much will a person with 72 N weight on the earth, weigh on the moon?  (Practice Activity Sheet-1)
(a) 12 N
(b) 36 N
(c) 21 N
(d) 63 N
Answer:
(a) 12 N

Question 6.
What will be the weight of a person on the earth, who weighs 9N on the moon? (Practice Activity Sheet – 2)
(a) 3 N
(b) 15 N
(c) 45 N
(d) 54 N
Answer:
(d) 54 N

State whether the following statements are True or False :  (If a statement is false, correct it and rewrite it.)

Question 1.
If the separation between two particles is doubled, the gravitational force between the particles becomes half the initial force.
Answer:
False. (If the separation between two particles is doubled, the gravitational force between the particles becomes \(\frac{1}{4}\) times the initial force.)

Question 2.
The CGS unit of the universal constant or gravitation is the dyne cm²/gram²?
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
At the centre of the earth, the value of the acceleration due to gravity becomes zero.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
The weight of a body is minimum at the poles.
Answer:
False. (The weight of a body is maximum at the poles.)

Question 5.
Mass is a vector quantity.
Answer:
False. (Mass is a scalar quantity.)

Question 6.
weight is a vector quantity.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
g has maximum value at the equator.
Answer:
False. (g has maximum value at the poles.)

Question 8.
Outside the earth, g varies as 1/(R + h)².
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
The value of G changes from place to place.
Answer:
False. (The value of G is the same throughout the universe.)

Question 10.
The value of g increases with altitude.
Answer:
False. (The value of g decreases with altitude.)

Question 11.
The escape velocity of a body does not depend on the mass of the body.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
The mass of a body is the amount of matter present in it.
Answer:
True

Match the following :

Answer:
(1) Escape velocity : \(\sqrt{\frac{2 G M}{R}}\)
(2) Gravitational acceleration : \(\frac{G M}{r^{2}}\) (r ≥ R)
(3) Gravitational potential energy : \(\frac{-G M m}{R+h}\)
(4) Gravitational force : \(\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
State the SI and CGS units of G.
Answer:
The SI unit of G is N.m²/kg² and CGS unit is the dyne.cm²/g².

Question 2.
State any one characteristic of gravitational force.
Answer:
Gravitational force between two particles does not depend on the nature of the medium between them.

Question 3.
Name the force that keeps a satellite in the orbit around the earth.
Answer:
The gravitational force due to the earth keeps a satellite in the orbit around the earth.

Question 4.
Name the force due to which the earth revolves around the Sun.
Answer:
The earth revolves around the Sun due to the gravitational force of attraction exerted on it by the Sun.

Question 5.
What is the acceleration due to gravity at a height h ( = radius of the earth) from the surface of the earth? (g = 9.8 m/s²)
Answer:
The acceleration due to gravity at a height h ( = radius of the earth) from the surface of the earth is 2.45 m/s².

Question 6.
What is the relation between the SI unit of weight and the CGS unit of weight?
Answer:
The relation between the SI unit of weight (the newton) and the CGS unit of weight (the dyne) is 1 newton = 10⁵ dynes.

Question 7.
Write the formula for the centripetal force acting on a body performing circular motion.
Answer:
F = \(\frac{m v^{2}}{r}\)

Question 8.
Write the formula for the escape velocity of a body from the earth’s surface.
Answer:

Question 9.
What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity at the centre of the earth?
Answer:
Zero.

Question 10.
What are the factors on which the maximum height attained by a body thrown upwards depends?
Answer:
The initial velocity of the body, the acceleration due to gravity at that place, the buoyant force and frictional force due to air.

Some of the important terms in chapter Gravitation are given in the following box. Find them :

Answer:
(1) centripetal force
(2) escape velocity
(3) periodic time
(4) gravitational constant.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is centripetal force?
(OR)
Define centripetal force.
Answer:
In uniform circular motion of a body, the force acting on the body is directed towards the centre of the circle. This force is called centripetal force.

Question 2.
Give one example of centripetal force.
Answer:
The moon revolves around the earth due to the gravitational force exerted on it by the earth. This force is directed towards the centre of the earth and is thus a centripetal force.

Question 3.
Name the source responsible for the motion of a planet around the Sun.
Answer:
A planet revolves around the Sun due to the gravitational force exerted on it by the Sun.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
In the following figure, an orbit of a planet around the Sun (S) has been shown. AB and CD are the distances covered by the planet in equal time. Lines AS ad CS sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time. Hence, areas ASB and CSD are equal.  (Practice Activity Sheet-1)
(a) Which laws do we understand from the above description?
(b) Write the law regarding the area swept.
(c) Write the law T² ∝ r³ in your words.

Answer:
(a) From the given description we understand Kepler’s three laws.
(b) Kepler’s law of areas: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
(c) Kepler’s law of periods: The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.

Question 2.
Identify the law shown in Fig. 1.7 and state the three respective laws. (Practice Activity Sheet – 3)

Answer:
(a) From the given description we understand Kepler’s three laws.
(b) Kepler’s law of areas: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
(c) Kepler’s law of periods: The square of the period of revolution or a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.

Question 3.
Explain the term gravitational force. What is gravitation?
Answer:
There exists a force of attraction between any two particles of matter in the universe such that the force depends only on the masses of the particles and the separation between them. It is called the gravitational force and the mutual attraction is called gravitation.

Question 4.
State Newton’s universal law of gravitation. Express it in mathematical form.
Answer:
Newton’s universal law of gravitation :
Every object in the Universe attracts every other object with a definite force. This force is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Mathematical form: Consider two objects of masses m₁ and m₂. We assume that the objects are very small spheres of uniform density and the distance r between their centers is very large compared to the radii of the spheres (Fig. 1.8).

The magnitude (F) of the gravitational force of attraction between the objects is directly proportional to m₁m₂ and inversely proportional to r²
∴ F ∝ \(\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)
∴ F = \(G\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)
where G is the constant of proportionality, called the universal gravitational constant.
[Note: In the textbook, the word object/body is used.
Newton’s law of gravitation applies to particles.]

Question 5.
(i) Why is the constant of gravitation called a universal constant?
(ii) Newton’s law of gravitation is called the universal law of gravitation. Why?
Answer:
(i) The value of the constant of gravitation does not change with the nature, mass or the size of the material particles. It does not vary with the distance between the two particles. It is also independent of the nature of the medium between the two particles. Hence, it is called a universal constant.

(ii) As the law of gravitation given by Newton is applicable throughout the universe and to all particles, it is called universal law.

[ Note: The centre of mass of an object is the point inside or outside the object at which the total mass of the object can be assumed to be concentrated to study the effect of an applied force. The centre of mass of a spherical object having uniform density is at its geometrical centre. The centre of mass of an object having uniform density is at its centroid. If the two bodies are spherical and of uniform density, the gravitational force between them is always along the line joining the centres of the two bodies and the distance between the centres is taken to be r. When the bodies are not spherical or have irregular shape or have nonuniform density, the force is along the line joining their centres of mass and r is taken to be the distance between the two centres of mass.]

Question 6.
If the distance between two bodies is increased by a factor of 5, (i) by what factor will the gravitational force change if the masses are kept constant? (ii) by what factor will the mass of one of them have to be altered, keeping the other mass the same, to maintain the same gravitational force between the two bodies?
Answer:
If the distance between two bodies is increased by a factor of 5,
(i) the gravitational force between the bodies will decrease by a factor of 25 if the masses of the bodies are kept constant.
(ii) the mass of one of them will have to be increased by a factor of 25, keeping the mass of the other body the same, to maintain the same gravitational force between the two bodies.
[Note : Gravitational force F ∝ \(\frac{1}{r^{2}}\) and F ∝ m₁m₂.]

Question 7.
(i) Determine the SI unit of the universal constant of gravitation from the formula for the gravitational force between two particles. Hence, state the CGS unit of the constant of gravitation. (ii) Define G (universal gravitational constant).
Ans. (i) According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the gravitational force between two particles is
F = \(G\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\)
where m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the two particles, r is the distance between them and G is the universal constant of gravitation.
∴ G = \(\frac{F r^{2}}{m_{1} m_{2}}\)

The SI unit of force is the newton (N), that of distance is the metre (m) and that of mass is the kilogram (kg).
The SI unit of G is \(\frac{\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}}{\mathrm{kg}^{2}}\).
The CGS unit of G is \(\frac{\text { dyne } \cdot \mathrm{cm}^{2}}{\mathrm{g}^{2}}\).

(ii) F = \(G\frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}\).
∴ G = \(\frac{F r^{2}}{m_{1} m_{2}}\)
If we take m₁ = m₂ = unit mass and r = unit distance, numerically, G = F, i.e., G (universal gravitational constant) represents the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between two unit masses, separated by a unit distance.

Question 8.
State the importance of Newton’s universal law of gravitation.
Answer:
The importance of Newton’s universal law of gravitation :
This law explains successfully, i.e., with great accuracy,

• The force that binds the objects on the earth to the earth
• The motion of the moon and artificial satellites around the earth
• The motion of the planets, asteroids, comets, etc., around the Sun
• The tides of the sea due to the moon and the Sun.

Question 9.
Compare the gravitational force on a body of mass 1 kg due to the earth with the force on the same body due to another body of mass 1 kg at a distance of 1 m from the first body. (Mass of the earth = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, radius of the earth = 6400 km)
Answer:
In the first case, m₁ = 1kg,
m2 = 6 × 10²⁴ kg and r = 6400 km = 6.4 × 10⁶ m
The gravitational force on the body.

= \(\frac{G \times 6 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{kg}^{2}}{(6.4)^{2} \times 10^{12} \mathrm{m}^{2}}\)
In second case, m₁ = 1 kg
m₂ = 1 kg and r = 1m
Gravitational force on the body,

Question 10.
Explain the term the earth’s gravitational force.
(OR)
Write a short note on the earth’s gravitational force.
Answer:
The earth attracts every object towards it because of the gravitational force. As the earth’s centre of mass is at its centre, the gravitational force exerted by the earth on an object is directed towards the earth’s centre. Hence, an object released from a point above the earth’s surface falls vertically downward towards the earth.

If an object is thrown vertically upward, its velocity goes on decreasing due to the earth’s gravitational force on the object. At one stage, the velocity of the body becomes zero and later the body falls back to the earth.

Question 11.
Take two balls of different masses, go to the top of a building, drop them simultaneously and observe what happens to the balls.
Answer:
The balls reach the ground almost at the same time.

Question 12.
Take two similar pages from your notebook. Crumple one paper and allow this and the other paper to fall on the ground simultaneously. What do you observe?
Answer:
The crumpled paper reaches the ground before the other one.

Question 13.
Take a feather and a paper. Allow them to fall to the ground simultaneously. Which will reach the ground earlier? Why?
Answer:
There is no unique answer. It depends on the feather and paper. Upthrust due to air and force due to friction with air play very important roles here. The acceleration of a body depends on the resultant of the earth’s gravitational force on the body and the upthrust and the force of friction due to air.

Question 14.
From Newton’s law of gravitation, derive the formula for the acceleration due to gravity.
Answer:
Suppose that a body of mass m is released from a distance r from the centre (O) of the earth (Fig. 1.9). Let M be the mass of the earth. According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the magnitude of the earth’s gravitational force acting on the body Is
F = G\(\frac{M m}{r^{2}}\)
where G is the universal constant of gravitation.

The acceleration produced by this force, force F

This is the formula for the acceleration due to gravity or the gravitational acceleration due to the earth. This acceleration is directed towards the earth’s centre.

If h denotes the altitude, r = R + h, where R is the radius of the earth.
∴ g = \(\frac{G M}{(R+h)^{2}}\)
For a body on the earth’s surface, h = 0 ∴ g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)
[Note: When we consider the gravitational interaction between the earth and a body on the surface of the earth or at some height above the surface of the earth, for many practical purposes we can assume that the earth behaves as if its mass were concentrated at the earth’s centre. The proof is not expected here.]

Question 15.
Explain the factors affecting the value of g.
Answer:
The value of the acceleration due to gravity, g, changes from place to place on the earth. It also varies with the altitude and depth below the earth’s surface. The factors affecting the’ value of g are the shape of the earth, altitude and depth below the earth’s surface.

(1) The earth is not perfectly spherical. It is somewhat flat at the poles and bulging at the equator. At the surface of the earth, the value of g is maximum (9.832 m/s²) at the poles as the polar radius is minimum, while it is minimum (9.78 m/s²) at the equator as the equatorial radius is maximum.

(2) As the height (h) above the earth’s surface increases, the value of g decreases. It varies as \(\frac{1}{(R+h)^{2}}\), where R is radius of the earth.

(3) In the interior of the earth, on average, the value of g is less than that at the earth’s surface. As the depth below the earth’s surface increases, the value of g decreases and finally it becomes zero at the centre of the earth.

Question 16.
If g = GM/r², then where will the value^ of g be high, at Goa Beach or on the top of the Mount Everest? (Practice Activity Sheet – 3)
Answer:
The value of g will be high at Goa Beach.

Question 17.
Why does an object released from the hand, fall on the earth?
Answer:
When an object is held in the hand, the gravitational force acting on the object due to the earth is balanced by the person holding the object. When the object is released from the hand, it falls on the earth due to the earth’s gravitational force.

Question 18.
Does the value of g depend on the mass of the falling body? Why?
Answer:
The value of g does not depend on the mass of the falling body.
The reason is the gravitational force on a body due to the earth is directly proportional to the mass of the body and for a given force, the acceleration of a body is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

Question 19.
Define mass. State its SI and CGS units.
Answer:
The mass of a body is the amount of matter present in it. Its SI unit is the kilogram (kg) and CGS unit is the gram (g).
[Note: Mass has only magnitude, not direction. Thus, it is a scalar quantity.]

Question 20.
Define weight. State its SI and CGS units.
Answer:
The weight of a body is defined as the force with which the earth attracts it. Its SI unit is the newton and CGS unit is the dyne.

[Note : In the usual notation, the magnitude of the weight of a body on the earth s surface is W = \(\frac{G m M}{R^{2}}\) = \(m\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\) = mg. Thus, W ∝ g. Hence, weight varies just like the acceleration due to gravity. It is maximum at the poles and minimum at the equator. It decreases with altitude (ft) and depth (d) below the earth’s surface. It becomes zero at the earth’s centre. At a height above the earth’s surface, W = \(\frac{G m M}{(R+h)^{2}}\) at a depth d below the earth’s surface, W = \(\frac{G m M(R-d)}{R^{3}}\). Weight has magnitude and direction (towards the earth’s centre). It is a vector quantity.]

Question 21.
As per the request of one of his friends from the equator, Rahul buys 100 grams of silver at the north pole. He hands it over to his friend at the equator. Will the friend agree with the weight of the silver bought? If not, why?
Answer:
The weight of a body is given by W = mg, where m is the mass of the body and g is the acceleration due to gravity, g varies from place to place. The value of g at the equator is less than that at the north pole (as well as the south pole). Hence, the weight of the silver bought at the north pole would be less when the silver is weighed at the equator. Therefore, Rahul’s friend will disagree about the weight of the silver.
[Note: The mass being independent of the value of g, Rahul’s friends will agree about the mass of the silver.]

Question 22.
What is the difference between mass and weight of an object? Will the mass and weight of an object on the earth be the same as their values on Mars? Why?
Answer:
The mass of an object is the amount of matter present in it. It is same everywhere in the Universe and is never zero. It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is kg. The weight of an object is the force with which the earth (or any other planet/ moon/star) attracts it. It is directed towards the centre of the earth. The weight of an object is different at different places on the earth. It is zero at the earth’s centre. It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is the newton (N). The magnitude of weight = mg.

The mass of an object will be the same on the earth and Mars, but the weight will not be the same because the value of g on Mars is different from that on the earth.

Question 23.
Explain the term free fall and state the corresponding kinematical equations of motion in the usual notation.
Answer:
When a body falls in air, there are three forces acting on the body : (1) the gravitational force due to the earth, acting downward (2) the force of buoyancy (upthrust) due to air, acting upward I (3) the force due to friction with air (called air resistance), acting upward (being always in the direction opposite to that of the velocity of the body).

Under certain conditions, the force of buoyancy due to air and friction with air can be ignored compared to the gravitational force of the earth. In that case (near the earth’s surface) the body falls with almost uniform acceleration (g). Whenever a body moves under the influence of the force of gravity alone, it is said to be falling freely. Strictly speaking, this is true only if the body falls in vacuum.

The kinematical equations of motion, in the usual i notation, are
v = u + gt, s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\) gt² and v² = u² + 2gs.
If the initial velocity (u) of the body is zero,
v = gt, s = \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt² and v² = 2 gs.

Question 24.
During a free fall, will a heavier object accelerate more than a lighter one?
Answer:
No. The two objects will have the same acceleration.

Question 25.
If you had to calculate the mass of the earth, how would you do it?
Answer:
If the acceleration due to gravity (g), the constant of gravitation (G) and the radius of the earth (R) are known, the mass of the earth (M) can be calculated using the formula g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)

Question 26.
What is gravitational potential energy?
(OR)
Define gravitational potential energy.
Write the formula for it.
Answer:
The energy stored in a body due to the gravitational force between the body and the earth is called the gravitational potential energy.

Gravitational potential energy of a body of mass m = \(-\frac{G M m}{R+h}\), where G = gravitational constant, M = mass of the earth, R = radius of the earth, h = height of the body from the surface of the earth.

[Note : As the body is bound to the earth due to the earth’s gravitational froce, the gravitational potential energy of the body is negative. If the body is given kinetic energy equal to \(\frac{G M m}{R+h}\) the body will overcome the earth’s gravitational force. It will then move to infinity and come to rest there.]

Question 27.
What is escape Velocity?
(OR)
Define escape velocity.
Answer:
When a body is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth, the minimum initial velocity of the body for which the body is able to overcome the downward pull by the earth and can escape the earth forever is called the escape velocity.

Question 28.
Explain the term escape velocity.
(OR)
Write a short note on escape velocity.
Answer:
In general, when a body is thrown vertically upward from the earth’s surface, its velocity goes on decreasing and after some time the body falls back to the ground. If its initial velocity is increased, the maximum height attained by it is more, but it does fall back to the ground. If the initial velocity is increased continuously, for a particular initial velocity, the body can overcome the earth’s gravitational force and move to infinity and come to rest there. This velocity is called the escape velocity.

Question 29.
Using the law of conservation of energy, obtain the expression for the escape velocity.
Answer:
Here, we shall not consider the effects of air. Suppose a body of mass m is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. Let the initial velocity of the body be the escape velocity (v_sec).

When the body is on the earth’s surface, its total energy Ex = kinetic energy + potential energy = \(\frac{1}{2} m v^{2} \text { esc }\) + \(\left(-\frac{G m M}{R}\right)\) where G = universal gravitational constant, M = mass of the earth and R = radius of the earth.
Thus, E₁ = \(\frac{1}{2} m v_{\mathrm{esc}}^{2}-\frac{G m M}{R}\)
When the body moves to infinity and comes to rest there, its total energy,

According to the law of conservation of energy,
E₁ = E₂.

This is the required expression.

Question 30.
Express escape velocity in terms of g and R.
Answer:
Escape velocity, vesc = \(\sqrt{\frac{2 G M}{R}}\)
Now, g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)
∴ GM = gR²

Question 31.
Express escape velocity in terms of G, R and ρ (the earth’s density)
Answer:

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
If a feather and a stone are released from the top of a building simultaneously, the stone reaches the ground earlier than the feather.
Answer:
(a) The motion of a body falling in air accelerated due to the earth’s gravitational force on the body. The force due to buoyancy of air acts on the body in the upward direction. As the body falls, the friction with air opposes its motion.

(b) This opposition due to air depends on the size, shape, density and velocity of the body. It Is greater for a feather than for a stone. Hence, the stone has greater downward acceleration than the feather. Therefore, the stone reaches the ground earlier than the feather though ‘they are released simultaneously from the same height.

Question 2.
The weight of a body is different on different planets.
Answer:
(1) The weight of a body of mass m on the surface of a planet of mass M and radius R is
W = \(\frac{G m M}{R^{2}}\) usuai notation).

(2) For a given body, its mass is constant. G is the universal constant of gravitation. Different planets have different masses and radii such that the ratio (M/R²) is not the same. Hence, the weight of a body is different on different planets.

Question 3.
With a specific initial velocity, we can jump higher on the moon than on the earth.
Answer:
The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about \(\frac{1}{6}\) of that on the earth. Hence, with a specific initial velocity, we can jump higher on the moon than on the earth. This can be seen from the equation h = u²/2g.

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
mass and weight (2) universal gravitational constant and gravitational acceleration of the earth.
Answer:
(1) Mass:

• The mass of a body is the amount of matter present in it.
• It has magnitude, but not direction.
• It does not change from place to place.
• It can never be zero.
• Its SI unit is the kilogram.

Weight:

• The weight of a body is the force with which the earth attracts it.
• It has both magnitude and direction.
• It changes from place to place.
• It is zero at the centre of the earth.
• Its SI unit is the newton.

Question 2.
Universal gravitational constant:

• The universal gravitational constant numerically equals the force of attraction masses separated by a unit distance.
• Its value remains constant throughout the universe.
• It has magnitude but not direction.
• Its SI unit is N.m²/kg².

Gravitational acceleration of the earth:

• The gravitational between two unit acceleration of the earth is the acceleration produced in a body due to the gravitational force of the earth.
• Its value changes from place to place.
• It has both magnitude and direction.
• Its SI unit is m/s²

Solve the following examples/numerical problems:
(G 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², g = 9.8 m/s²)

Question 1.
The time taken by the earth to complete one revolution around the Sun is 3.156 × 10⁷ s. The distance between the earth and the Sun is 1.5 × 10¹¹ m. Find the speed of revolution of the earth.
Solution:
Data : T = 3.156 × 107 s,
r = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m, v =?

= 2.987 × 10⁴ m/s = 29.87 km/s
This is the speed of revolution of the earth.

Question 2.
Assuming that the earth performs uniform circular motion around the Sun, flnd the centripetal acceleration of the earth. [Speed of the earth =3 × 10⁴ m/s, distance between the earth and the Sun = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m]
Solution:
Data: v = 3 × 10⁴ m/s, r=1.5 × 10¹¹ m
Centripetal force = \(\frac{m v^{2}}{r}\) = ma
∴ Centripetal acceleration of the earth,

= 6 × 10^-3 m/s²
It is directed towards the centre of the Sun.

Question 3.
What will be the gravitational force on 60 kg man on the Moon, Mars and Jupiter? Are they the same? Why?
M (Moon) = 7.36 × 10²² kg, R (Moon) = 1.74 × 10⁶m,
M (Mars) = 6.4 × 10²³ kg, R (Mars) = 3.395 × 10⁶ m,
M (Jupiter) = 1.9 × 10²⁷ kg.
R (Jupiter) = 7.15 × 10⁷ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m/kg²
Solution:
(1) Data : m₁ = 60 kg, m₂ = 7.36 × 10²² kg,
R = 1.74 × 10⁶ m, F = ?

= 97.29 N
On the moon’s surface, the gravitational force on the man due to the moon = 97.29 N.

(2) Data : m₁ = 60 kg, m₂ = 6.4 × 10²³ kg,
R = 3.395 × 10⁶m, F = ?

= 222.2 N
On the surface of Mars, the gravitational force on the man due to Mars = 222.2 N.

(3) Data : m₁ = 60 kg, m₂ = 1.9 × 10²⁷ kg,
R = 7.15 × 10⁷ m, F = ?

= 1487 N
On the surface of Jupiter, the gravitational force on the man due to Jupiter = 1487 N.

Thus, the forces on the man are not the same because the ratio (M/R²) is not the same in the case of the moon, Mars, and Jupiter.

Question 4.
Mahendra and Virat are sitting at a distance of 1 meter from each other. Their masses are 75 kg and 80 kg respectively. What is the gravitational force between them? G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg². (Practice Activity Sheet – 3)
Solution:
Given: r = 1 m,
m₁ = 75 kg,
m₂ = 80 kg
G = 6.67 × 10-11 N.m²/kg²

= 4.002 × 10^-7 N
The gravitational force between Mahendra and Virat is 4.002 × 10^-7 N.

Question 5.
Spheres A and B of uniform density have masses 1 kg and 100 kg respectively. Their centres are separated by 100 m. (i) Find the gravitational force between them, (ii) Find the gravitational force on A due to the earth, (iii) Suppose A and B are initially at rest and A can move freely towards B. What will be the velocity of A one second after it starts moving towards B? How will this velocity change with time? How much time will A take to move towards B by 1 cm? (iv) if A begins to fall, starting from rest, due to the earth’s downward pull, what will be its velocity after one second? How much time will it take to fall through 1cm?
[M_(earth) = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R_(earth) = 6400 km]
Solution:Data: m₁ = 1 kg, m₂ = 100 kg, r = 100 m,
M =6 × 10²⁴ kg,
R = 64o0 km = 6400 × 10³ m,
t = 1 s, s = 1 cm = 1 × 10^-2 m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m2/kg
F₁ =?, F₂ =?, v₁ =?, t₁ =?, v₂ =?, t₁ =?

This is far greater than F₁.
(iii) Ignoring variation of acceleration with distance,

This velocity is directed from A to B. As the separation between A and B decreases, the acceleration of A and hence the velocity of A will increase.

Ignoring variation of acceleration with distance,

Question 6.
Two spheres of uniform density have masses 10 kg and 40 kg. The distance between the centres of the spheres is 200 m. Find the gravitational force between them.
Solution:
Data: m₁ = 10 kg, m₂ = 40 kg,
r = 200 m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², F = ?

The gravitational force between the two spheres = 6.67 × 10^-13 N.

Question 7.
Find the gravitational force between a man of mass 50 kg and a car of mass 1500 kg separated by 10 m.
Solution: Data : m₁ = 50 kg, m₂ = 1500 kg,
r = 10 m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², F = ?

= 5.0025 × 10^-8 N
The gravitational force between the man and the car = 5.0025 × 10^-8 N.

Question 8.
Find the magnitude of the gravitational force between the Sun and the earth. (Mass of the Sun = 2 × 10²⁴ kg, mass of the earth=6 × 10²⁴ kg and the thstance between the centres of the Sun and the earth 1.5 × 10¹¹ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²)
Solution:
Data: m₁ = 2 × 10³⁰ kg,
m₂ = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, r = 1.5 × 10¹¹ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², F =?

∴ F = 3.557 × 10²² N
The magnitude of the gravitational force between the Sun and the earth = 3.557 × 10²² N.

Question 9.
Find the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth. (M= 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R = 6400 km)
Solution:
Data: M = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
R = 6400km = 6.4 × 10⁶m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg², g =?
g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)

The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the earth = 9.77 m/s².

Question 10.
The mass of an imaginary planet is 3 times the mass of the earth. Its diameter is 25600 km arid the earth’s diameter is 12800 km. Find the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the planet, [g (earth) = 9.8 m/s²]
Solution:
Data: \(\frac{M_{2}(\text { planet })}{M_{1}(\text { earth })}\) = 3
D₁ (earth) = 12800 km

g₁ (earth) = 9.5 m/s², g₂ (planet) = ?

The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the planet = 7.35 m/s².

Question 11.
If the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth is 9.8 m/s², what will be the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet whose mass and radius both are two times the corresponding quantities for the earth?
Solution:
Data: g_e = 9.8 m/s², M_p = 2M_e,
Rp = 2R_e, g_p = ?
Acceleration due to gravity, g = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2}}\)

acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the planet = 4.9 m/s².

Question 12.
A body is released from the top of a building of height 19.6 m. Find the velocity with which the body hits the ground.
Solution:
Data: h = 19.6 m, u = 0 m/s,
g = 9.8 m/s², s = 19.6 m, v = ?
v² = u² + 2 gs .
=2 gs …..(as u = 0 m/s)
= 2 × 9.8 m/s² × 19.6 m
= (19.6 m/s)²
∴ v = 19.6 m/s (downward velocity)
The velocity with which the body hits the i ground = 19.6 m/s (downward).

Question 13.
A stone on a bridge on a river falls into the river. If it takes 3 seconds to reach the surface of water, find (i) the velocity of the stone at the instant it touches the surface of water (ii) the height of the bridge from the surface of water.
Solution:
Data: u = 0 m/s, t = 3 s,
g = 9.8 m/s², v = ?, h = ?
(i) v = u + gt = 0 m/s + 9.8 m/s² × 3 s
= 29.4 m/s
The velocity of the stone at the instant it touches the surface of water = 29.4 m/s

(ii) s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\)gt²
= 0 m/s × 3 s + \(\frac{1}{2}\) (9.8 m/s²) (3 s)²
= 4.9 × 9 m = 44.1 m
∴ The height of the bridge from the surface of water = 44.1 m.

Question 14.
A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a building 44.1 m high. It takes 3 s to reach the ground. Use this information to 1 calculate g.
Solution:
Data: u = 0 m/s, h = 44.1 m
∴ s = 44.1 m, t = 3 s, g =?

It is the acceleration due to gravity.
g = 9.8 m/s².

Question 15.
A metal ball of mass 5 kg falls from a height of 490 m. How much time will it take to reach the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s²) (March 2019)
Solution:
Data: s = 490 m, a = g = 9.8 m/s²,
u = 0 m/s, s = ut + \(\frac{1}{2}\)at²
∴ 490 = 0 × t + \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 9.8 × t² = 4.9t²
∴ t² = \(\frac{490}{4.9}\)
∴ t = 10 s This is the required time.

Question 16.
If the weight of a body on the surface of the moon is 100 N, what is its mass?  (g = 1.63 m/s²)
Solution:
Data: W= 100 N, g = 1.63 m/s², m = ?
∴ W = mg

∴ The mass of the body = 61.35 kg.

Question 17.
A 100 kg bag of wheat is placed on a plank of wood. What is the weight of the bag and what is the reaction force exerted by the plank?
Solution:
Data: m = 100 kg, g = 9.8 m/s²,
W = ?, reaction force = ?
Magnitude of the weight,
W = mg = 100 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 980 N
The weight of the bag = 980 N acting downward.
The reaction force exerted by the plank on the bag = 980 N acting upward.

Question 18.
Find the gravitational potential energy of a body of mass 10 kg when it is on the earth’s surface. [M(earth) = 6 × 1024 kg, it(earth) = 6.4 × 10⁶m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N. m²/kg²]
Solution:
Data: m = 10 kg, M = 6 × 10²⁴ kg,
R = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²
The gravitational potential energy of the body

Question 19.
If the body in Ex. (26) performs uniform circular motion around the earth at a height of 3600 km from the earth’s surface, what will be its gravitational potential energy?
Solution:
Here, h = 3600 km = 3.6 × 10⁶ m
∴ The gravitational potential energy of the body

Question 20.
A body of mass 20 kg is at rest on the earth’s surface, (i) Find its gravitational potential energy, (ii) Find the kinetic energy to be provided to the body to make it free from the gravitational influence of the earth. (g = 9.8 m/s², R = 6400 km)
Solution:
Data : m = 20 kg, g = 9.8 m/s²,
R = 6400 km = 6.4 × 10⁶ m
(i) The gravitational potential energy of the body =

= – 20 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 6.4 × 10⁶ m
= – 1.2544 × 10⁹ J.

(ii) To make the body free from the gravitational influence of the earth, it should be provided kinetic energy equal to 1.2544 × 10⁹ J.

Question 21.
If the body in Ex. (28) is moving at 100 m/s on-the earth’s surface, what will be its (i) kinetic energy (ii) total energy?
Solution:
Data : m = 20 kg, u = 100 m/s .
(i) The kinetic energy of the body
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)mv2 = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 20 kg × (100 m/s)² = 10⁵ J.

(ii) The total energy of the body = kinetic energy + potential energy = 10⁵ J + (- 1.2544 × 10⁹ J)
= (1 – 12544) × 10⁵ J = – 12543 × 10⁵ J
= – 1.2543 × 10⁹ J.

Question 22.
A satellite of mass 100 kg performs uniform circular motion around the earth at a height of 6400 km from the earth’s surface. Find its gravitational potential energy.  [g = 9.8 m/s², R = 6400 km]
Solution:
Data: m = 100 kg, g = 9.8 m/s²,
R = 6400 km = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, h = 6.4 × 10⁶ m
The gravitational potential energy of the satellite

Question 23.
Find the escape velocity of a body from the earth. [M(earth) = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R (earth) = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/ kg²]
Solution:
Data: M = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R = 6.4 × 10⁶ m,
G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²
The escape velocity of a body from the earth,

Question 24.
Find the escape velocity of a body from the earth. [R (earth) = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, ρ(earth) = 5.52 × 10³ kg/m³, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²]
Solution:
Data: R = 6.4 × 10⁶ m, ρ = 5.52 × 10³ kg/ m³, G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N.m²/kg²
The escape velocity of a body from the earth

Question 25.
Calculate the escape velocity of a body from the moon. [g(moon) = 1.67 m/s², R(moon) = 1.74 × 10⁶ m]
Solution:
Data: g = 1.67 m/s², R = 1.74 × 10⁶ m
The escape velocity of a body from the moon,

Question 26.
The mass of (an imaginary) planet is four times that of the earth and its radius is double the rathus of the earth. The escape velocity of a body from the earth is 11.2 × 10³ mn/s. Find the escape velocity or a body from the planet.
Solution:
Data: M₂ = 4M₁, R₂ = 2R₁,

This is the escape velocity or a body from the planet.

Numerical Problems For Practice

[G = 6.67 × 1O^-11 N.m²/kg², mass or the earth =6 × 10²⁴ kg, radius or the earthe 6.4 × 10⁶ m]

Question 1.
A satellite of mass 1000 kg revolves around the earth in a circular path. If the distance between the satellite and the centre of the earth is 40000 km, find the gravitational force exerted on the satellite by the earth.
Answer:
250.1 N

Question 2.
The masses of two spheres are 10 kg and 20 kg respectively. If the distance between their centers is 100 m, find the magnitude of the gravitational force between them.
Answer:
1.334 × 10^-12 N)

Question 3.
A satellite revolves around the earth along a circular path. If the mass of the satellite is 1000 kg and its distance from the center of the earth is 20000 km, find the magnitude of the earth’s gravitational force acting on the satellite.
Answer:
1000.5

Question 4.
Find the acceleration due to gravity at a distance of 20000 km from the center of the earth.
Answer:
1.0 m/s²

Question 5.
What is the weight of a body of mass 100 kg at the south pole? (g = 9.832 m/s²)
Answer:
983.2 N (downward)

Question 6.
What is the weight of a body of mass 20 kg at the equator? (g = 9.78 m/s²)
Answer:
195.6 N (downward)

Question 7.
A body is released from the top of a tower of height 50 m. Find the velocity with which the body hits the ground, (g = 9.8 m/s²)
Answer:
31.3 m/s (downward)

Question 8.
A body is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 9.8 m/s. Calculate the maximum height attained by the body. (g = 9.8 m/s²)
Answer:
4.9 m

Question 9.
A particle of mass 10^-6 kg performs uniform circular motion. Its period is 10 s and the radius of the circle is 2 m. Find (i) the speed of the particle (ii) the centripetal acceleration of the particle (iii) the centripetal force on the particle.
Answer:
(i) 1.257 m/s
(ii) 0.79 m/s²
(iii) 7.9 × 10^-7 N

Question 10.
Find the gravitational potential energy of a body of mass 200 kg on the earth’s surface. [M(earth) = 6 × 10²⁴ kg, R(earth) = 6400 km]
Answer:
-1.251 × 10¹⁰J

Question 11.
Find the gravitational potential energy of a body of mass 10 kg when it is at a height of 6400 km from the earth’s surface.  [Given: a mass of the earth and radius of the earth. See Ex. 10 above.]
Answer:
-3.127 × 10⁸ J

Question 12.
Find the escape velocity of a body from the moon.
[M(moon) = 7.36 × 10²² kg, R(moon) = 1.74 × 10⁶ m]
Answer:
2.375 km/s

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Kumarbharti Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Digest Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न १ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.
(अ) आजची मुले सुदैवी आहेत, कारण ………………………….
(आ) पुस्तकाची पाने व झाडाची पाने दोन्ही महत्त्वाची असतात, कारण ………………………….
उत्तर:
(अ) आजची मुले सुदैवी आहेत; कारण रोज नवीन नवीन गोष्टी त्यांच्या कानांवर पडतात.
(आ) पुस्तकाची पाने व झाडाची पाने दोन्ही महत्त्वाची असतात; कारण पुस्तकाच्या पानात डोक्याचे खादय असते आणि झाडाच्या पानात झाडाला जगवण्याचे बळ असते.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृती पूर्ण करा.
(i)
उत्तर:

(ii)
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
योग्य पर्याय निवडा.

(अ) आप्पांच्या मते चिंतेमुळे फक्त – ………………………………….
(१) हृदयाची धडधड वाढते.
(२) कपाळावरच्या आठ्या वाढतात.
(३) विदयार्थ्याचे गुण वाढतात.
उत्तर:
आप्पांच्या मते, चिंतेमुळे फक्त कपाळावरच्या आठ्या वाढतात.

प्रश्न 4.
विचारप्रक्रियेतील आव्हान वाढते.

(आ) शिपाईसुद्धा कौतुकास पात्र ठरतो जेव्हा – ………………………………….
(१) तो रोज उपस्थित असतो.
(२) तो सर्वांची काळजी घेतो.
(३) तो चांगलं काम करतो.
(४) तो सर्वांशी चांगले बोलतो.
उत्तर:
शिपाईसुद्धा कौतुकास पात्र ठरतो; जेव्हा तो चांगलं काम करतो.

प्रश्न 5.
आप्पांचे खालील गुण दर्शवणारी वाक्ये पाठातून शोधून लिहा.
(अ) आप्पांचे शिक्षणप्रेम – ………………………………….
(आ) स्वच्छता – ………………………………….
उत्तर:
(अ) आप्पांचे शिक्षणप्रेम: मीच कधी कधी तुमचे शिक्षक जे शिकवत असतात, ते खिडकीतून ऐकत असतो.
(आ) स्वच्छता: आपल्या ग्रंथालयात एकाही पुस्तकावर तुम्हांला धूळ दिसणार नाही, कारण मी तिथे काम करतो.

प्रश्न 6.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा.
आप्पांनी विद्यार्थ्यांकडून त्यांच्या भावी जीवनाबद्दल व्यक्त केलेल्या अपेक्षा

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 7.
खालील वाक्यांतील क्रियाविशेषणे ओळखा.
(अ) ती लगबगीने घरी पोहोचली.
(आ) जोसेफ अवघड गणितदेखील सहज सोडवतो.
(इ) आज खूप कडाक्याचे ऊन पडले होते.
उत्तर:
क्रियाविशेषणे –
(i) लगबगीने
(ii) सहज
(iii) आज.

प्रश्न 8.
खालील वाक्यांतील शब्दयोगी अव्यये शोधा.
(अ) पक्ष्याने दाण्यांवर झडप घातली.
(आ) तिचा चेहरा सारखा डोळ्यांसमोर येतोय.
(इ) छोटा बाळ मुलांबरोबर खाऊ खात होता.
(ई) परीक्षेत सुयश मिळाल्यामुळे विद्यार्थी सुखावले.
उत्तर:
शब्दयोगी अव्यये –
(i) वर
(ii) समोर
(iii) बरोबर
(iv) मुळे.

प्रश्न 9.
स्वमत.
(अ) ‘पाण्याचे वाया जाणारे थेंब वाचवणं हे दुःखी माणसाच्या डोळ्यांतलं पाणी पुसण्याएवढंच महत्त्वाचं काम आहे’, आप्पांच्या या विधानामागील अर्थ स्वत:च्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
दोन वर्षांपूर्वी महाराष्ट्रात भीषण दुष्काळ पडला होता. ग्रामीण भागाची पाण्याअभावी दैना उडाली होती. सर्वत्र हाहाकार माजला होता. कळशीभर पाण्यासाठी लोक रात्रंदिवस मैलोनमैल भटकत राहायचे, हजारो माणसे गावे सोडून शहरांकडे स्थलांतरित झाली होती. त्या दुष्काळात शेकडो लोक मरण पावले. कित्येकांनी आत्महत्या केल्या. उद्योगधंदे बंद पडले. माणसे बेकार झाली. शेती ओस पडली. उपासमारीची दृश्ये दिसू लागली. त्या दुष्काळाने महाराष्ट्राच्या डोळ्यांत पाणी आले होते.

आपण पाणी जपून वापरले तर वाचलेले पाणी तहानलेल्यांना प्यायला मिळेल, जनावरे जगतील. शेती वाचेल. कारखान्यांना पाणी मिळेल. म्हणजे लोकांची दुःखे दूर होतील. समाधानाने जगण्याचा मार्ग मोकळा होईल, वेगळ्या शब्दांत, ‘लोकांच्या डोळ्यांतील अश्रू पुसले जातील.’ वाया जाणारे पाणी वाचवणे म्हणजे नवीन पाणी निर्माण करणे होय, हे आपण आता तरी लक्षात घेतले पाहिजे.

(आ) ‘जग विचारेल तुम्हांला, शाळेत तुम्हांला किती गुण मिळाले ? पण मी सांगेन जगाला तुम्ही किती गुणी आहात.’ या वाक्यांतील अभिप्रेत अर्थ लिहा.
उत्तर:
मुले मैदानावर खेळताना-बागडताना मनसोक्त गोंधळ घालत आहेत, असे वरवर पाहता वाटते. हा गोंधळ म्हणजे मुलांचे दिशाहीन भरकटणे नव्हे. हा गोंधळ कोणत्याही अर्थाने वाईट किंवा मूल्यहीन नसतो. त्यांचे मन मुक्तपणे खेळण्यातून स्वतःच्या प्रगतीची दिशा शोधत असते. आप्पांच्या मते, मुलांची ऊर्मी, त्यातला अनावर बेधडकपणा, अलोट उत्साह हे गुण ज्यांच्याकडे असतात, ती माणसे जीवनात कोणतेही अवघड कार्य पार पाडू शकतात. म्हणून आप्पांना मुक्तपणे खेळणारी मुले गुणी वाटतात. त्यांच्याविषयी त्यांना भरपूर विश्वास वाटतो. तोच विश्वास ते बोलून दाखवत आहेत.

(इ) आप्पांनी तुमच्याविषयीच्या व्यक्त केलेल्या अपेक्षा तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा. या अपेक्षा पूर्ण करण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय कराल ते लिहा.
उत्तर:
सरधोपटपणे जीवनाचे ध्येय ठरवू नये, हे आप्पांचे म्हणणे मला खूपच पटते. कोणतेही काम निवडायला हरकत नाही. पण ते आवडीने पार पाडायचे, हे मी ठरवूनच टाकले आहे. मी एक वेगळेच ध्येय स्वत:साठी ठरवून टाकले आहे. मी खूप अभ्यास करणार आहे. खूप विचार करून शोधून काढणार आहे. वर्गात कोणताही विषय उत्तम रितीने कसा शिकवायचा, याचा शोध घेणार आहे. त्याचा शाळेशाळेत जाऊन प्रसार करणार आहे. आधी मला हा विचार सुचला, तेव्हा खूप भीती वाटली होती की माझे कोण ऐकेल ? कोण समजून घेईल? पण आप्पांनी सांगितले तसे मी करणार आहे. मनापासून, जीव ओतून मी ठरवलेले काम करणार आहे. मला खात्री आहे की मी यशस्वी होईनच.

Marathi Kumarbharti Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र Additional Important Questions and Answers
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:

कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा:
(i) आप्पांना विदयार्थ्यांशी बोलायची कधी संधीच मिळाली नाही; कारण
(ii) शिपाई होण्याची इच्छा फारच कमी मुलांची असते; कारण
उत्तर:
(i) आप्पांना विद्यार्थ्यांशी बोलायची कधी संधीच मिळाली नाही; कारण विद्यार्थी नेहमी घाईत असायचे.
(ii) शिपाई होण्याची इच्छा फारच कमी मुलांची असते; कारण त्यांना शिपाई हे पद कमी महत्त्वाचे वाटते.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृत्या पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

कृती २: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
विधाने पूर्ण करा:
(i) बिस्मिल्लाह खान जगभर लोकप्रिय झाले; कारण ……………………………….
(अ) त्यांनी जगभर सनई वादनाचे कार्यक्रम केले.
(ब) हिंदी चित्रपटांतील खूप गाण्यांसाठी सनई वादन केले.
(क) ते खूप मन लावून सनई वाजवायचे.
(ड) त्यांचे वडील फार मोठे सनई वादक होते.
उत्तर:
(i) बिस्मिल्लाह खान जगभर लोकप्रिय झाले; कारण ते खूप मन लावून सनई वाजवायचे.

(ii) शाळेतले शिक्षक जे शिकवत, ते आप्पा खिडकीतून ऐकत असत; कारण ……………………………….
(अ) ते शिक्षक खूप चांगले शिकवत असत.
(ब) ते सगळे शिकायचे लहानपणी राहून गेले.
(क) त्या शिकवण्याचा जीवनात उपयोग झाला असता.
(ड) स्वत:च्या मुलांचा अभ्यास घेताना उपयोग झाला असता.
उत्तर:
(ii) शाळेतले शिक्षक जे शिकवत, ते आप्पा खिडकीतून ऐकत असत; कारण ते सगळे शिकायचे लहानपणी राहून गेले.

प्रश्न 2.
आप्पांचे पुढील गुण दर्शवणारी वाक्ये पाठातून शोधून लिहा:
(i) उत्कृष्टतेचा ध्यास: …………………………….
उत्तर:
(i) उत्कृष्टतेचा ध्यास: तुम्ही जे कराल ते जगात सर्वोत्तम असले पाहिजे, असं मला वाटतं.

कृती ३: (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
अनेकवचन लिहा:

• वर्ष
• उपदेश
• माणूस
• शाळा
• वाटा
• शिपाई
• गाडी
• वस्तू
• लाडू
• केळे
• सासू
• लांडगा.

उत्तर:

• वर्ष – वर्षे
• उपदेश – उपदेश
• माणूस – माणसे
• शाळा – शाळा
• वाटा – वाटे
• शिपाई – शिपाई
• गाडी – गाड्या
• वस्तू – वस्तू
• लाडू – लाडू
• केळे – केळी
• सासू – सासवा
• लांडगा – लांडगे.

प्रश्न 2.
पुढील शब्दांतून विशेषणे व विशेष्ये यांचे दोन गट करा:
अर्धा, मुली, खूप, रुपये, तीव्र, किरण, वेडी, माणसे, लाडू, पक्का, दोन, वाटा, चांगले, रंग, अक्षर, लहान.
उत्तर:
विशेषणे: अर्धा, खूप, तीव्र, वेडी, पक्का, दोन, चांगले, लहान, विशेष्ये: मुली, रुपये, किरण, माणसे, लाडू, वाटा, रंग, अक्षर.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील वाक्यांतील क्रियापदे ओळखून लिहा:
(i) तो चालताना पाय घसरून पडला.
(ii) खाता खाता उष्टे हात त्याने अंगाला पुसले.
(iii) तो जेवून आला.
उत्तर:
(i) पडला
(ii) पुसले
(iii) आला.

उतारा क्र.२
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:

कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा:

(ii) एका मुलाने आपल्या वाढदिवसाच्या पैशातून झोपडपट्टीतल्या मुलांसाठी पक्का पूल बांधायला आपले पैसे दिले; कारण
उत्तर:
एका मुलाने आपल्या वाढदिवसाच्या पैशातून झोपडपट्टीतल्या मुलांसाठी पक्का पूल बांधायला आपले पैसे दिले; कारण त्या मुलांना नाल्यावरच्या एका तुटक्या पुलावरून जावे लागे.

प्रश्न 2.
चूक की बरोबर ते लिहा:
(i) आजकाल मुलांना कार्टून्सची नावे पाठ असतात, पण झाडांची नावे विचारली, तर दहासुद्धा सांगता येणार नाहीत.
(ii) माणसे कितीही मोठी झाली, तरी त्यांची सावली कुणाला कामी येत नाही.
(iii) आप्पांचा मुलांवर तितकासा विश्वास नाही.
उत्तर:
(i) बरोबर
(ii) बरोबर
(iii) चूक.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील शब्दसमूहांचा तुम्हांला कळलेला अर्थ लिहा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका -२)
(i) पुस्तकाच्या पानांत डोक्याचं खादय असतं.
(ii) एकानेतरी लिहिलेलं पुस्तक आपल्या शाळेच्या ग्रंथालयात दिसलं पाहिजे.
उत्तर:
(i) पुस्तकाच्या पानांत ज्ञान साठवलेले असते.
(ii) शाळेतला एकतरी विदयार्थी लेखक झाला पाहिजे.

कृती २: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
तक्ता पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:
(i)

(सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)

कृती ३: (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील वाक्यांत योग्य वाक्प्रचार योजून वाक्ये पुन्हा लिहा:
(i) समोरचा वाणी धान्यात भेसळ करतो, लोकांच्या बोलण्यातून कळते.
(ii) गावातल्या स्वच्छता मोहिमेच्या यशाबाबत लोक गुरुजींचीच स्तुती करतात.
(iii) ‘पाणी अडवा पाणी जिरवा’ ही मोहीम यशस्वी करून ग्राम पंचायतीने लोकांचे दुःख दूर केले.
(iv) मी कोणालाही फसवणार नाही, असे प्रत्येकाने ठरवल्यास देशाचे स्वरूपच बदलून जाईल.
उत्तर:
(i) समोरचा वाणी धान्यात भेसळ करतो, असे कानावर पडते.
(ii) गावातल्या स्वच्छता मोहिमेच्या यशाबाबत लोक गुरुजींचेच नाव घेतात.
(iii) पाणी अडवा पाणी जिरवा’ ही मोहीम यशस्वी करून ग्राम पंचायतीने लोकांच्या डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसले.
(iv) मी कोणालाही फसवणार नाही, असे प्रत्येकाने ठरवल्यास देशाचे चित्रच बदलून जाईल.

प्रश्न 2.
कंसातील प्रत्यय जोडून होणारे पूर्ण रूप लिहा:
(i) लिहिणे (चे)
(ii) कॉलेज (त)
(iii) शिपाई (नी)
(iv) सगळे (हून)
उत्तर:
(i) लिहिणे (चे) = लिहिण्याचे
(ii) कॉलेज (त) = कॉलेजात
(iii) शिपाई (नी) = शिपायांनी
(iv) सगळे (हून) = सगळ्यांहून.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील शब्दांचा संधिविग्रह करा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)
शब्द – संधिविग्रह
(i) ग्रंथालय ……………………………..
(ii) महोत्सव ……………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) ग्रंथालय = ग्रंथ + आलय
(ii) महोत्सव = महा + उत्सव

कती ४: (स्वमत / अभिव्यक्ती)

प्रश्न 1.
लेखकांनी उताऱ्यात व्यक्त केलेला पर्यावरणविषयक विचार तुमच्या शब्दांत व्यक्त करा. (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)
उत्तर:
लेखकांनी आपले पर्यावरणविषयक विचार तळमळीने सांगितले आहेत. त्यांच्या मते, प्रत्येकाने दहा झाडे लावली, तरी आपला देश निसर्गसंपन्न होईल आणि हे खरेच आहे. या निसर्गसंपन्नतेचा देशाला, म्हणजेच आपणा सर्वांनाच फायदा होईल. पर्जन्यमान वाढेल. जमिनीखालील पाण्याची पातळी वाढेल. अपुऱ्या पावसामुळे उद्भवलेल्या दुष्काळाच्या छायेतून देश मुक्त होईल, मात्र त्यासाठी प्रत्येकाने स्वत:ला जमेल तेवढे काम प्रामाणिकपणे केले पाहिजे. आपल्याला पाणी निर्माण करता येत नाही, हे खरे आहे. पण अपव्यय तरी टाळू शकतो की नाही? प्रत्येकाने वाया जाणारे पाणी वाचवले तरी लक्षावधी लिटर पाणी वाचेल.

वाचलेले पाणी तहानेने व्याकूळ झालेल्यांना मिळेल; पाण्यासाठी आ वासून बसलेल्या पशुपक्ष्यांना मिळेल; सुकून चाललेल्या वृक्षवेलींना मिळेल. हे कळण्यासाठी सर्वांनी निसर्गाशी प्रेमाने वागायला शिकले पाहिजे. म्हणूनच लेखक सांगतात की, सर्वांनी फुलपाखरांचा अभ्यास केला पाहिजे. मधमाश्यांच्या पोळ्यापासून लांब न जाता त्याचा अभ्यास केला पाहिजे. अशा प्रकारे आपल्या अवतीभवतीच्या निसर्गाशी आत्मीयतेने वागल्यास पर्यावरण रक्षणाचे अनेक मार्ग दिसतील, असे लेखक सुचवतात.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न ४ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…
व्याकरण घटकांवर आधारित कृती:

१. समास:

पुढील समासांचा प्रत्येकी एक सामासिक शब्द लिहा:
(i) अव्ययीभाव
(ii) विभक्ती तत्पुरुष
(iii) इतरेतर द्वंद्व
(iv) वैकल्पिक द्वंद्व
(v) समाहार वंद्व
(vi) द्विगू.
उत्तर:
(i) अव्ययीभाव – घरोघर
(ii) विभक्ती तत्पुरुष – कार्यालय
(iii) इतरेतर द्वंद्व – आईवडील
(iv) वैकल्पिक द्वंद्व – दोनचार
(v) समाहार वंद्व – खाणेपिणे
(vi) द्विगू – त्रिकोण.

२. अलंकार:

(१) पुढील ओळीतील उपमेय, उपमान व अलंकार ओळखा: परीहून सुंदर असे ही चिमुरडी गालावर विलसे चांदण्याची खडी
उपमेय- [ ] उपमान- [ ] अलंकार- [ ]
उत्तर:
उपमेय – [लहान मुलगी] उपमान – [परी]
अलंकार – [व्यतिरेक]

(२) पुढील वैशिष्ट्यांवरून अलंकार ओळखा व समर्पक उदाहरण दया: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)
(i) एखादया घटकाचे वर्णन करणे.
(ii) ते वर्णन पटवून देण्यासाठी योग्य उदाहरण देणे.
(अ) अलंकाराचे नाव →
(आ) अलंकाराचे उदाहरण →
उत्तर:
(अ) अलंकाराचे नाव → [दृष्टान्त]
(आ) अलंकाराचे उदाहरण → [लहानपण देगा देवा। मुंगी साखरेचा रवा]

३. वृत्त:
(१) पुढील ओळींचे गण पाडून वृत्त ओळखा:
स्वजन गवसला तो त्याज पासी नसे तो
कठिण समय येता कोण कामास येतो.
उत्तर:

वृत्त: हे ‘मालिनी’ वृत्त आहे.

(२) वृत्त ओळखा:
सदा सर्वदा योग तूझा घडावा।
तुझे कारणी देह माझा पडावा।। (मार्च १९)
उत्तर:

वृत्त: हे ‘भुजंगप्रयात’ वृत्त आहे.

४. शब्दसिद्धी:
(१) पुढील शब्दांना ‘त्व’ हा प्रत्यय लावून शब्द तयार करा:
(i) महत् – …………………………………..
(ii) कर्तृ – …………………………………..
(iii) प्रौढ – …………………………………..
(iv) वक्त – …………………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) महत् – महत्त्व
(ii) कर्तृ – कर्तृत्व
(ii) प्रौढ – प्रौढत्व
(iv) वक्तृ – वक्तृत्व.

(२) पुढील अभ्यस्त शब्द पूर्ण करा:
(i) अधून – ………………………………..
(i) दंगा – ………………………………..
(iii) हेवे – ………………………………..
(iv) काम – ………………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) अधूनमधून
(ii) दंगामस्ती
(iii) हेवेदावे
(iv) कामकाज,

(३) कंसातील शब्दांचे पुढे दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-३)
(महत्त्व, लुटूलुटू, निकामी, घेईघेई, चढाई, सुकुमार)
प्रत्ययघटित – उपसर्गघटित – अभ्यस्त
(i) महत्त्व (i) …………………… – (i) ……………………
(ii) …………………… – (ii) …………………… – (ii) लुटूलुटू
उत्तर:
प्रत्ययघटित – उपसर्गघटित – अभ्यस्त
(i) महत्त्व – (i) सुकुमार – (i) घेईघेई
(ii) चढाई – (ii) निकामी – (ii) लुटूलुटू

५. सामान्यरूप:
(१) पुढील शब्दांची सामान्यरूपे लिहा:
(i) अभ्यासाविषयी – ………………………………..
(ii) खेळपट्टीचा – ………………………………..
(iii) कौतुकास – ………………………………..
(iv) महोत्सवात – ………………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) अभ्यासा
(ii) खेळपट्टी
(iii) कौतुका
(iv) महोत्सवा.

(२) पुढील शब्दसमूहातील शब्दांची योग्य सामान्यरूपे लिहा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-३)
(i) भूगोलची वही/भूगोलाची वही →
(ii) कोकराचे पाय/कोकरूचे पाय →
(iii) इंदिरेचे पुस्तक/इंदिराचे पुस्तक →
(iv) पेनने लिही/पेनाने लिही →
उत्तर:
(i) भूगोला
(ii) कोकरा
(iii) इंदिरा
(iv) पेना।

६. वाक्प्रचार:

पुढील वाक्प्रचारांचा अर्थ सांगून वाक्यांत उपयोग करा:
(i) कपाळाला आठ्या पाडणे
(ii) डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसणे
(iii) वाया जाणे
(iv) आनंद गगनात न मावणे.
उत्तर:
(i) कपाळाला आठ्या पाडणे – नाराजी व्यक्त करणे. वाक्य: कुठलेही काम सांगितले की महादू कपाळाला आठ्या पाडत असे.
(ii) डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसणे – अश्रू पुसणे, सांत्वन करणे, वाक्य: दुःखितांच्या डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसणे, हीच खरी समाजसेवा होय.
(iii) वाया जाणे – फुकट जाणे. वाक्य: अवकाळी पाऊस पडल्यामुळे शेतकऱ्यांची मेहनत वाया गेली.
(iv) आनंद गगनात न मावणे – खूप आनंद होणे. वाक्य: विजयला बोर्डाच्या परीक्षेत ९०% गुण मिळाल्यामुळे त्याच्या आईबाबांचा आनंद गगनात मावला नाही.

भाषिक घटकांवर आधारित कृतीः

१. शब्दसंपत्ती:

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा:
(i) चांगले x ………………..
(ii) जास्त x ………………..
(iii) ओळख x ………………..
(iv) आवश्यक x ………………..
(v) पूर्वज x ………………..
(vi) शिस्त x ………………..
(vi) गुण x ………………..
(viii) राग x ………………..
उत्तर:
(i) चांगले x वाईट
(ii) जास्त x कमी
(iii) ओळख x अनोळख
(iv) आवश्यक x अनावश्यक
(v) पूर्वज x वंशज
(vi) शिस्त x बेशिस्त
(vii) गुण x अवगुण
(viii) राग x लोभ.

प्रश्न 2.
गटात न बसणारा शब्द शोधा:
(i) कावळा, कबुतर, चिमणी, ससा, गरूड.
(ii) अजंठा, शाळा, वर्ग, शिक्षक, विदयार्थी.
उत्तर:
(i) ससा
(ii) अजंठा.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील शब्दांतील अक्षरांपासून चार अर्थपूर्ण शब्द लिहा:
(i) समुद्रकिनारी → [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
(ii) फुलपाखराच्या → [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) समुद्रकिनारी → [समुद्र] [नारी] [सरी] [किनारी]
(ii) फुलपाखराच्या→ [खरा] [राख] [पारा] [पाल]

प्रश्न 9.
लेखननियम:

(१) अचूक शब्द लिहा:
(i) नीसर्ग/नीसंग/निसर्ग/निर्सग,
(ii) निर्पण/निष्पर्ण/नीर्पण/नीष्पर्ण.
(iii) मुहूर्त/मूहुर्त/मुहुर्त/मूहूर्त.
(iv) क्रिडांगण/क्रिडागंण/क्रीडागंण/क्रीडांगण.
उत्तर:
(i) निसर्ग
(ii) निष्पर्ण
(iii) मुहूर्त
(iv) क्रीडांगण.

(२) पुढील वाक्ये लेखननियमांनुसार लिहा:
(i) मला वीश्वास आहे, खुप खूप शुभेच्छा!
(ii) तूमच्या शीक्षकांनी तुम्हाला वगात शीस्तीत बसलेलं बघितलंय.
उत्तर:
(i) मला विश्वास आहे, खूप खूप शुभेच्छा!
(ii) तुमच्या शिक्षकांनी तुम्हांला वर्गात शिस्तीत बसलेलं बघितलंय.

३. विरामचिन्हे:

पुढील परिच्छेदातील विरामचिन्हे ओळखा:
तुम्ही शिपाई व्हायलाच पाहिजे असं नाही; पण शिपाई होऊन सुद्धा चांगलं काम करता येऊ शकतं, आपण कौतुकास पात्र होऊ शकतो यावर तुमचा विश्वास नाही का?
उत्तर:
चिन्हे – नाव
(i) [ ; ] – अर्धविराम
(ii) [ , ] स्वल्पविराम
(iii) [ ? ] प्रश्नचिन्ह

४. पारिभाषिक शब्द:

पुढील इंग्रजी पारिभाषिक शब्दांना मराठी प्रतिशब्द लिहा:
(i) Due Date –
(ii) Exchange –
(iii) Express Highway –
(iv) Earn Leave – —
(v) Bio-data – ——
उत्तर:
(i) Due Date – नियत दिनांक
(ii) Exchange – देवाण-घेवाण/विनिमय
(iii) Express Highway – द्रुतगती महामार्ग
(iv) Earn Leave – अर्जित रजा
(v) Bio-data – स्व-परिचय,

५. अकारविल्हे
(१) पुढील शब्द अकारविल्हेनुसार लिहा:
(i) डॉक्टर → इंजेक्शन → पेशंट → नर्स.
(ii) वेरूळ → अजंठा → बेसिन → कार्टून.
उत्तर:
(i) इंजेक्शन → डॉक्टर → नर्स → पेशंट.
(ii) अजंठा → कार्टून → बेसिन → वेरूळ.

(२) दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार पुढील शब्दकोडे सोडवा:
उभे शब्द- …………………… करी काम
आडवा शब्द – मन मोहित करणारा.

उत्तर:

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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 1 Historiography Development in the West Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 1 Historiography Development in the West

History Class 10 Chapter 1 Historiography Development In The West

Question 1.
(A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statement.
(1) It may be said that …….. was the founder of modern historiography.
(a) Voltaire
(b) Rene Descartes
(c) Leopold Ranke
(d) Karl Marx
Answer:
(a) Voltaire

(2) ………… wrote the book entitled ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’.
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Michel Foucault
(c) Lucien Febvre
(d) Voltaire
Answer:
(b) Michel Foucault

(B) Identify and write the wrong pair in the following set.
(1) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – ‘Reason in History’
(2) Leopold von Ranké – ‘The theory and Practice of History’
(3) Herodotus – ‘The Histories’
(4) Karl Marx – ‘Discourse on the Method’
Answer:
(1) Right pair: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – ‘Reason in History’
(2) Right pair: Leopold von Ranké – ‘The theory and Practice of History’
(3) Right pair: Herodotus – ‘The Histories’
(4) Wrong pair: Karl Marx – Discourse on the Method.

Question 2.
Explain the following concepts.
(1) Dialectics
Answer:

• In order to understand the true nature of an event, one needs to know its opposite for e.g. True — False, Good — Bad, etc.
• A German philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel had put forward this method of analysis of history.
• A theory called ‘Thesis’ is proposed at the beginning. It is followed by another theory called Antithesis’ which is, contrary to ‘Thesis’.
• After a thorough logical discussion of both new thesis is proposed having gist of both (Thesis and Antithesis).
• This process of orriving at a new thesis is called Synthesis.
• This method of analysis of history which is based on opposites is known as ‘Dialectics’.

(2) Annales School
Answer:

• At the dawn of the twentieth century, the writing ¿f history got a new direction.
• Along with political events, kings, great leaders, the study of climate, local people, agriculture, trade, technology, means of communication, social divisions and their collective psychology of a group was also considered important in the study of history.
• This new school of thought is known as Annales School. Annales School was started by French historians.

Question 3.
Explain the following with its reason.
(1) Historical research was driven to focus in depth on various aspects of women’s life.
Answer:

• Initially, there was a lot of dominance of male perspective on historical writing. Simone de Beauvoir, a French scholar, insisted on inclusion of women perspective in historiography.
• She emphasised on the inclusion of women in the process of writing history.
• She insisted on rethinking of the male dominated perspective of history.
• Because of her efforts historical research was driven to focus in depth on various aspects of women’s lives their employment, their role in trade unions, institution working for their cause, and their family life.

(2) Foucault called his method, ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.
Answer:

• According to Michel Foucault, the prevailing method of arranging historical events in a chronological order was not right.
• He threw light on the fact that archaeology does not strive to reach the ultimate historical truth.
• It attempts to explain various transitions in the past.
• Foucault gave more importance for explaining the transitions in history. Hence, his method is called ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.

Question 4.
Complete the concept chart.

Answer:

Question 5.
Answer the following in detail.
(1) Explain Karl Marx’s ‘Class Theory’.

Answer:
In the latter part of nineteenth century, German thinker, Karl Marx put forward ‘Class Theory’ in his book ‘Das Kapital’.

According to him:

1. History i not about abstract ideas but living people. The fullillment of basic needs of people depends on the nature of prevalent means of production and the ownership.
2. All the different strata of the society do not get equal access to these means of production which causes the division of the society into classes. It rešults into class struggle.
3. The class which owns means of production $ economically exploits the rest of the classes. Human history, according to him, is the history of class struggle.

(2) What are the four characteristics of modern historiography?
Answer:
The following are the four characteristics of modern historiography:

1. Its method is based on scientific principles and begins with formation of relevant questions.
2. These questions are anthropocentric i.e. they are about ancient human societies and their deeds in that period of time. No interrelation between the divine and human needs is suggested.
3. Answers to these questions are supported by reliable evidence and they are presented in a logical order.
4. History presents a graph of man’s progress with the help of his deeds in the past.

(3) What is feminist historiography?
Answer:

• Feminist historiography means writing history with women perspective. There was a lot of dominance of male perspective on historical writing.
• Simone de Beauvoir, a French scholar, insisted on rethinking on the male dominated perspective and including the women’s perspective in historiography.
• The idea of feminist historiography was accepted.
• Because of her efforts various aspects of women’s lives like their employment, their role in trade unions and their family life became part of historiography.

(4) Explain Leopold von Ranké’s perspective of history?
Answer:
Leopold’s view on ways to write history throws light on his perspective of history:

1. He spoke about the critical method of historical research. He gave importance to information gathered through original documents.
2. He also stated that all types of original documents related to the historical event should be examined in detail and with great care.
3. He believed that with this method it was possible to reach the historical truth. He was critical of imagination in narration of history.

Historiography : Development In The West Questions And Answers Pdf Project
Obtain detailed information on your favourite subject and write its history. For example :
– History of Pen
– History of Printing technology
– History of Computers
Answer:

Memory Map

Question 6.
Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences:

(a) A scholar who writes critical historical narratives is known as ………………………… .
(a) an archaeologist
(b) a historian
(c) a social scientist
(d) a language expert
Answer:
(b) a historian

(b) The earliest inscription in the world is displayed at Louvre museum in ………………………… .
(a) England
(b) France
(c) Germany
(d) Portugal
Answer:
(b) France

(c) The tradition of recording historical events can be traced back to ………………………… civilization in Mesopotamia.
(a) Sumer
(b) Egyptian
(c) Arab
(d) Mohenjodaro
Answer:
(a) Sumer

(d) The tradition of modern historiography has its roots in the writings of ………………….. historiAnswer:
(a) Roman
(b) Greek
(c) German
(d) French
Answer:
(b) Greek

(e) ………………….., a Greek historian of the fifth century B.C.E., had used the term ‘History’ for the first time for his book entitled, ‘The Histories’.
(a) Leopold Ranke
(b) Georg Hegel
(c) Michel Foucault
(d) Herodotus
Answer:
(d) Herodotus

(f) In 1737 C.E., the ………………….. university in Germany had an independent department for history.
(a) Oxford
(b) Cambridge
(c) Gottingen
(d) Stanford
Answer:
(c) Gottingen

(g) Historiography of the nineteenth century was greatly influenced by the thoughts of …………………..
(a) Karl Marx
(b) Voltaire
(c) Georg Hegel
(d) Leopold von Ranke
Answer:
(d) Leopold von Ranke

(h) A new school of historiography arose in France known as ………………….. school.
(a) Translation
(b) Annales
(c) Nationalism
(d) Communist
Answer:
(b) Annales

(i) The method of analysis which is based on opposites is known as …………………. .
(a) Numismatics
(b) Arithmetic
(c) Polynomial
(d) Dialectics
Answer:
(d) Dialectics

(j) ………………….. considered subjects like psychological disorders, science of medicine, prison administration for historical analysis.
(a) Michel Foucault
(b) Leopold Ranke
(c) Karl Marx
(d) Voltaire
Answer:
(a) Michel Foucault

(k) After 1990, ………………….. were considered as an independent social class.
(a) labourers
(b) women
(c) men
(d) farmers
Answer:
(b) women

(l) According to ………………….., historical realities should be presented in a logical manner.
(a) Georg Hegel
(b) Voltaire
(c) Simone de Beauvoir
(d) Herodotus
Answer:
(a) Georg Hegel

(m) According to ………………….., one should never accept anything as the truth till all the doubts are solved.
(a) Rene Descartes
(b) Karl Marx
(c) Voltaire
(d) Herodotus
Answer:
(a) Rene Descartes.

Question 7.
Identify the wrong pair in the following and write it:
(1)

Thinker	Book
(1) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel	(a) Reason in History
(2) Leopold von Ranke	(b) The Theory and Practice of History
(3) Herodotus	(c) The Histories
(4) Karl Marx	(d) Discourse on the Method

Answer:
Wrong pair: Karl Marx – Discourse on the Method.

(2)

Historian	Country
(1) Herodotus	Greece
(2) Simone de Beauvoir	Germany
(3) Michel Foucault	France
(4) Rene Descartes	France

Answer:
Wrong pair: Simone de Beauvoir Germany.

(3)

Thoughts/Opinion	Historian
(1) All aspects of human life is important in the historiography	Voltaire
(2) He criticized imaginative narration.	Leopold von Ranke
(3) History is not about abstract ideas but about living people.	Rene Descartes
(4) Emphasized the rethinking of the male-dominated perspective of history.	Simone de Beauvoir

Answer:
Wrong pair: History is not about abstract ideas but about living people – René Descartes.

Question 8.
Complete the concept chart

Answer:

Answer:

Question 9.
Prepare a flow chart on the given topic:
Stages of historiography
Answer:

Question 10.
Write short notes:
(1) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel:
Answer:

• Georg Hegel was a German philosopher.
• He was of the view that the historical realities should be presented in a logical manner. According to him, Timelme was indicative of progress.
• He believed that presentation of history is bound to change as time passes because new evidence surfaces.
• His philosophy convinced many scholars that historical methods were not of lesser quality, though they differed from the scientific method.
• His lectures and articles are published in a book called ‘Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences’.
• His book ‘Reason in History’ is well known. He devised a method of analysis based on opposites known as Dialectics’.

(2) Karl Marx:
Answer:

1. Karl Marx was a German thinker in the nineteenth century. He wrote the world famous treatise Das Kapital’. According to him, history was not about abstract ideas but about living people.
2. He believed that human relationships are shaped by the fundamental needs of people and the ownership of prevalent ineczns of production to meet those needs.
3. He stated that unequal accessibility to the means of production creates à division in socièty leading to class struggle. His theory of class struggle is considered significant all over the world.
4. According to Marx, human history is the history of class struggle because the class which owns the means of production economically exploits the rest of the classes.

(3) Michel Foucault:
Answer:

• Michel Foucault was a twentieth century historian from France.
• He wrote the book ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’.
• In this book, he insisted that the prevailing practice of arranging historical events in a chronological order is not right.
• He gave importance to explaining the transitions that took place in history.
• He acknowledged the role of subjects such as science of medicine, psychological disorders, prison.
• Administration in historical analysis. This was not acknowledged by earlier historiAnswer:

(4) Leopold von Ranke:
Answer:

1. Leopold von Ranke, a German philosopher, laid emphasis on utmost importance of information gathered through original documents.
2. In order to reach historical truth, it was necessary to examine all documents related to historical event. He critcised the imaginative narration of history.
3. Collection of his articles are published in two books, entitled ‘The Theory and Practice of History’ and ‘The Secret of World History’.
4. Ranke had great influence on historiography of nineteenth century.

Question 11.
Give reasons:
(a) In historical research, it may not be possible to use the method of experiments and observation.
Answer:

1. In physical and natural sciences, experiment and observation method is used to establish laws that remain true irrespective of the time and space.
2. These laws can be tested and proved again and again.
3. In historical research, the events had already taken place in the past and we were not present in the historical time and space.
4. Moreover, these events cannot be recreated in the present time and space. Hence, experiment and observation method may not be used in historical research.

(b) Historiography in the 18th century gave importance to objectivity in history.
Answer:

• A remarkable progress was achieved in the fields of Philosophy and Science till the eighteenth century in Europe.
• It was believed that by applying scientific methods it was possible to study social and historical truths.
• In the later period, history and historiography witnessed a lot of philosophical discussion.
• This eliminated the imaginative and divine context in history and gave importance to objectivity.

Question 12.
Answer the following in 25-30 words:
(a) What is Historiography?
Answer:

1. The writing of critical historical narrative is called Historiography. A person who writes it is known as ‘Historian’. The following steps are helpful in writing historical narrative:
2. Information related to history is collected and analyzed.
3. The various sources are critically examined to understand the references regarding time and space in the given information as well as the conceptual framework used.
4. After examining the references of historical information, relevant questions related to these historical references are framed and hypotheseis are formulated.
5. In short, writing of critical historical narrative by following this method is known as historiography.

(b) What did Rene Descartes insist upon?
Answer:
French Philosopher Rene Descartes insisted on the following in writing historiography:

1. ‘Never to accept anything as true till all grounds of doubt are excluded’.
2. Hence, the reliability of a source like historical documents should be verified by critically examining them while writing history.

(c) Why is Voltaire said to be the founder of modern historiography?
Answer:
Voltaire, a french scholar, opined that it was important to consider the following aspects while writing history:

1. objective truth and chronology of events;
2. prevalent social traditions, agriculture, trade and economic system. It was because of his view that all aspects of human life was considered for history writing. Therefore, he is said to be the founder of modern historiography.

(d) What are the objectives of writing history?
Answer:
History is researched and written down with following objectives:

• To analyse the events in the past.
• To verify information about the historical events and their interconnections.
• To study in detail and remove imaginative element and bring forth the truth.
• To put the past events in chronological order.

(e) What progress was achieved in historiography in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
The following progress was achieved in historiography in the eighteenth century:

• Scientific methods were applied to study social and historical truths.
• Philosophical discourses revolving around divine phenomena were given less importance.
• Philosophical discussions focused more on the objectivity in history and historiography.
• Since the universities got an independent department of history, they became centres of historical studies.

Question 13.
Head the given passage carefully and answer the questions given below:
(a) Who is called a Historian?
Answer:
A scholar who writes critical historical narratives is called a Historian.

(b) Complete the concept chart.
Factors which determined historian’s

Answer:
Factors which determined historian’s

(c) How did the people in ancient societies preserve the events in the past?
Answer:
The ancient people preserved the events in the past so that they can pass them to the next generation. They used various means to do this:

• Narrating the stories of valour of ancestors to the next generation.
• Stories of their life preserved through cave paintings.
• Adopting story telling technique.
• Singing songs and ballads to impress events upon the minds of the new generation.

Question 14.
Answer the following questions in detail:
(a) Which experts do we need in order to prove the reliability of historical documents?
Answer:
The following experts are required to prove the reliability of historical documents:

• Language expert who can decipher the language and meaning of the document or the script on the inscription.
• One who can recognise the type of paper used and the period in which it was used.
• One who can understand the lettering style and the writing style of the author.
• Expert who has knowledge of different seals, i.e. stamps of authority used by the rulers.
• Historian who can interpret and do a comparative study of the references given in the document.

(b) Write Hegel’s view on history.
Answer:

• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher.
• He was of the view that the historical realities should be presented in a logical manner.
• He believed that presentation of history is bound to change as time passes because new evidence surfaces.
• He proposed a method of analysis based on opposites known as ‘Dialectics’.
• Hegel’s philosophy convinced many scholars that historical methods were not of lesser quality, though they differed from scientific methods.
• His lectures and articles are published in a book called ‘Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences’. His book ‘Reason in History’ is well known.

Question 15.
Observe the inscription in the picture and write information it:

Answer:

1. A fragment of the earliest inscription is shown in the above picture. It dates back to 4500 BCE.
2. It is displayed at the Louvre museum in France.
3. The inscriptions have names of Sumerian kings and stories of battles fought by them.
4. It shows a forward marching file of soldiers holding shields and spears. The General is in the front.
   Brain Teaser
   Hints:
   Down:
   • He used the word ‘History’ for the first time
   • He wrote the book ‘Discourse on the Method’
   • Presented Theory of ‘Dialectics’
   • He called his method ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’

Across:

• founder of modern historiography
• Criticised imaginative narration of history. Articles published in ‘The Secret of World History’
• Her writings helped in establishing the fundamentals of feminism
• He wrote ‘Das Kapital’
  

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 3.4 Algebra 10th Class Maths Part 1 Answers Solutions Chapter 3 Arithmetic Progression.

Practice Set 3.4 Algebra 10th Std Maths Part 1 Answers Chapter 3 Arithmetic Progression

Question 1.
On 1^st Jan 2016, Sanika decides to save ₹ 10, ₹ 11 on second day, ₹ 12 on third day. If she decides to save like this, then on 31st Dec 2016 what would be her total saving?
Solution:

∴ Sanika’s total saving on 31^st December 2016 would be ₹ 70455.

Question 2.
A man borrows ₹ 8000 and agrees to repay with a total interest of ₹ 1360 in 12 monthly instalments. Each instalment being less than the preceding one by ₹ 40. Find the amount of the first and last instalment.
Solution:
i. The instalments are in A.P.
Amount repaid in 12 instalments (S12)
= Amount borrowed + total interest
= 8000 + 1360
∴ S₁₂ = 9360
Number of instalments (n) = 12
Each instalment is less than the preceding one by ₹ 40.
∴ d = -40

∴ Amount of the first instalment is ₹ 1000 and that of the last instalment is ₹ 560.

Question 3.
Sachin invested in a national saving certificate scheme. In the first year he invested ₹ 5000, in the second year ₹ 7000, in the third year ₹ 9000 and so on. Find the total amount that he invested in 12 years.
Solution:
i. Amount invested by Sachin in each year are as follows:
5000, 7000, 9000, …
The above sequence is an A.P.
∴ a = 5000, d = 7000 – 5000 = 2000, n = 12

∴ The total amount invested by Sachin in 12 years is ₹ 1,92,000.

Question 4.
There is an auditorium with 27 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first row, 22 seats in the second row, 24 seats in the third row and so on. Find the number of seats in the 15th row and also find how many total seats are there in the auditorium?
Solution:
i. The number of seats arranged row-wise are as follows:
20, 22, 24,
The above sequence is an A.P.
∴ a = 20, d = 22 – 20 = 2, n = 27

ii. t_n = a + (n – 1)d
∴ t₁₅ = 20 + (15 – 1)2
= 20 + 14 × 2
= 20 + 28
∴ t₁₅ = 48
∴ The number of seats in the 15^th row is 48.

∴ Total seats in the auditorium are 1242.

Question 5.
Kargil’s temperature was recorded in a week from Monday to Saturday. All readings were in A.P. The sum of temperatures of Monday and Saturday was 5°C more than sum of temperatures of Tuesday and Saturday. If temperature of Wednesday was -30° Celsius then find the temperature on the other five days.
Solution:
Let the temperatures from Monday to Saturday in A.P. be
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, a + 5d.
According to the first condition,
(a) + (a + 5d) = (a + d) + (a + 5d) + 5°
∴ d = -5°
According to the second condition,
a + 2d = -30°
∴ a + 2(-5°) = -30°
∴ a – 10° = -30°
∴ a = -30° + 10° = -20°
∴ a + d = -20° – 5° = – 25°
a + 3d = -20° + 3(- 5°) = -20° – 15° = -35°
a + 4d = -20° + 4(-5°) = -20° – 20° = -40°
a + 5d = -20° + 5(-5°) = -20° – 25° = -45°
∴ The temperatures on the other five days are
-20°C, -25° C, -35° C, -40° C and -45° C.

Question 6.
On the world environment day tree plantation programme was arranged on a land which is triangular in shape. Trees are planted such that in the first row there is one tree, in the second row there are two trees, in the third row three trees and so on. Find the total number of trees in the 25 rows.
Solution:
i. The number of frees planted row-wise are as follows:
1,2,3,…
The above sequence is an A.P.
∴ a = 1, d = 2 – 1 = 1,n = 25

∴ The total number of trees in 25 rows are 325.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 2.6 World Heritage

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

1. I can talk about the world:
Form groups of 6 to 8 students. Each group should select any one Continent and share the following information about each.
1. Important cities
2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest
3. Food speciality-cuisine
4. Wild life
5. Different types of region and vegetation.
6. Human life.
Now each group representative from the previously formed groups, should narrate the information to the class, using proper attractive sentences.

Question 1.
I can talk about the world:
Form groups of 6 to 8 students. Each group should select any one Continent and share the following information about each.

1. Important cities
2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest
3. Food specialty-cuisine
4. Wild life
5. Different types of region and vegetation.
6. Human life.

Now each group representative from the previously formed groups, should narrate the information to the class, using proper attractive sentences.
Answer:
1. Important cities:
Mumbai, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Dubai

2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest:
Taj Mahal, Great Wall of China, Mount Fuji, Burj Khalifa etc.

3. Food speciality-cuisine:
Indian, Chinese, Middle-eastern

4. Wild life:
Tigers are naturally found in India. Panda’s are native to China.

5. Different types of region and vegetation:
Asia is blessed with a variety of regions including mountains, desserts, meadows, oceans etc. Some of the main crops grown in Asia are rice, grains, pulses, spices etc.

6. Human life:
Being the biggest continent in the world, Asia has diverse culture and each region within the continent have their own languages, festivals, religions etc.

2. Prepare a Travel Brochure or leaflet of your native place or any town/historical place/hill station to attract tourist using the points below.

Answer:
Tourist Place: Koihapur
How to reach there?

• Nearest Railway Station: Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj Terminus (Koihapur)
• Nearest Air Port: Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj Airport, Kothapur Domestic Airport.
• Nearest Bus Stand: S.T. stand, Koihapur. Local transport is available.

Top five spots to visit: Mahalaxmi Temple, Panhala Fort, Rankala Lake, Maharaja Palace, Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj Museum, Gandharva Resort and Amusement Park.

Special features of these spots:

• Mahalaxmi Temple: Holy seat of Amba Mata.
• Rankala Lake: Famous for its beauty.
• Maharaj Palace: Magnificent structure of Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj’s palace, Indo-British architecture.
• Maharaj Museum: Great collections of historical period.
• Gandharva Resort and Amusement Park: Pleasant and attractive, beautiful site with amusing games.

Mouth-watering /special cuisines: Delightful tasty non-veg food, Pandhara Rassa, Tambda Rassa, Kothapur Misal/Bhel, Mohak lassi,
Davangiri Dosa, etc.

Other nearby sight-seeing spots: Panhala Fort, Kanheri Math, Radhanagari, Wildlife sanctuary.
For Further details contact
Vikas Tours & Travels
Mob.: 98xxxxxx34
email: vikastt@rmail.com

English Workshop:

1. Write the importance of the years given below, with reference to World Heritage Sites.

Question 1.
Write the importance of the years given below, with reference to World Heritage Sites.

Answer:

Year	Importance
1959	UNESCO launched an International campaign to protect temples and artifacts.
1965	White House Conference in United States called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’.
1968	The International Union for Conservation of Nature similar goals and presented them at the United Nations Conference on Human Environment.
1972	The Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by UNESCO’s General Conference.
2009	890 World Heritage Sites were located in 148 countries.

2. Name the following.

Question 1.
(a) The country where Mount Huangshan is situated ……………………
(b) The famous dam in Egypt on River Nile …………………..
(c) The place where the conference based on Human Environment was held …………………..
(d) The country in which the highest number of World Heritage Sites are ……………………
(e) The body which can exclude a site from World Heritage list ……………………
Answer:
(a) The country where Mount Huangshan is situated in – China
(b) The famous dam in Egypt on River Nile – Anwan High Dam
(c) The place where the conference based on Human Environment was held – Stockholm, Sweden.
(d) The country in which the highest number of World Heritage Sites are – Italy
(e) The body which can exclude a site from World Heritage list – World Heritage Committee.

3. Complete the following sentences.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
(a) The World Heritage Sites include ……………….. .
(b) There are around ……………. World Heritage Sites in the world.
(c) The Role of World Heritage Committee is ………………. .
(d) The tenure of World Heritage Committee is ……………… .
(e) We can get more information about World Heritage Sites from its …………………. .
Answer:
(a) The World Heritage Sites include cultural and natural areas.
(b) There are around 890 World Heritage Sites in the world.
(c) The Role of World Heritage Committee is to be responsible for establishing which sites will be listed as a UNESCO World heritage site.
(d) The tenure of World Heritage Committee is six years.
(e) We can get more information about World Heritage Sites from its website at whc.unesco.org.

4. Complete the following Web by giving reasons why World Heritage Sites are in danger.

Question 1.
Complete the following Web by giving reasons why World Heritage Sites are in danger.

Answer:

5. Answer in your own words:

Question a.
What are our duties towards preservation of any historical site?
Answer:
Historical sites like forts, monuments, palaces, etc. are our national heritage. They have stood all the vagaries of time and weather and are on the verge of losing their splendour. It is our duty to preserve them carefully. When you visit these places don’t spoil their beauty and grandeur by scratching, writing and carving names and making them look ugly and dirty. We must renovate them with the help of the residence in the area or NGOs. We should persuade and insist the government to take complete responsibility of preserving them as their foremost duty.

Question b.
Why should we preserve the World Heritage Sites?
Answer:
Our ancestors all over the world have bestowed upon us the spectacular, wonderful monuments, structures and sculptures, etc. They are the wonders of arts and architectures. The whole world feels proud of these ancestral treasures. They remind us of the past glory, art, culture and great, glorious memorials. They will continue to inspire us and give knowledge of patient and prolonged human endeavours such as the Taj Mahal, Ajanta Caves, Pyramids, China’s Great Wall and many other majestic structures. So, we must preserve them with utmost care.

Question c.
What is the role of World Heritage Sites in promoting tourism in any country?
Answer:
The ‘World Heritage Sites’ plays a very important role in promoting tourism in countries like India. The organisation is responsible, with the country’s contribution, for preserving the site and if required restore it, providing funds. If the site retains its original grandeur, splendour and beauty, flocks of passionate tourists from all over the world are sure to visit the site. Naturally, tourism of the site will flourish and it also will provide employment.

6. Read the following duties towards preservation of any historical site and make sentences about each of our duties.

• Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
• Maintain discipline and order
• Maintain cleanliness
• Use dustbins and garbage bags
• Observe silence
• Maintain environmental safety
• Protect our country’s history/heritage.

Question 1.
Read the following duties towards preservation of any historical site and make sentences about each of our duties.

• Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
• Maintain discipline and order
• Maintain cleanliness
• Use dustbins and garbage bags
• Observe silence
• Maintain environmental safety
• Protect our country’s history/heritage.

Answer:

• Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
• Maintain discipline and order – All visitors must maintain discipline and order in the place.
• Maintain cleanliness – They should maintain cleanliness in the area.
• Use dustbins and garbage bags – They must use dustbins and garbage bags for throwing leftovers.
• Observe silence – Visitors must observe complete silence at the site.
• Maintain environmental safety – They should maintain environment safety for their own safety.
• Protect our country’s history/heritage – It is our duty to protect our countries historical heritage.

7. Complete the following flow – chart by choosing from the options given below to show how any site of any country can become a World Heritage Site.

Question 1.
Complete the following flow – chart by choosing from the options given below to show how any site of any country can become a World Heritage Site.

1. Inclusion of the name of a site from the tentative list to the nomination file.
2. Name of the site is inscribed on the World Heritage list after meeting the criteria.
3. Inclusion of the name of site for the nomination in a tentative list after an inventory in the country or the state.
4. Decision of the World Heritage Committee after review of the nominated file.
5. A review of the file included by the advisory bodies.

Answer:

8. Match the pairs to defme different roles of the World Heritage Sites.

Question 1.
Match the pairs to defme different roles of the World Heritage Sites.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Identify cultural and natural sites	(b) of outstanding universal value across countries.
2. Identify sites of	(h) special importance for everyone.
3. Identify sites that represent	(g) best examples of world’s cultural and/or natural heritage.
4. UNESCO seeks to	(c) preserve outstanding sites and natural resources.
5. World Heritage Sites should have	(i) relevant development plan policies.
6. World Heritage Site should	(f) protect these sites.
7. World Heritage Site serve as	(e) an asset for economic development and investment.
8. World Heritage Site should ensure	(a) green, local based, stable and decent jobs.
9. It should at large develop	(d) tourism.

9. Do you know the difference between
Refer to a dictionary/encyclopedia/reference books/website/google search to get the detailed meaning.

Question 1.
Do you know the difference between:

• World heritage.
• Cultural heritage.

Refer to a dictionary/encyclopedia/reference books/website/google search to get the detailed meaning.
Answer:
World Heritage: As per UNESCO, World Heritage is the designation for places on Earth that are of outstanding universal value to humanity and as such, have been inscribed on the World Heritage List to be protected for future generations to appreciate and enjoy.

Cultural Heritage: Cultural Heritage means elements of great human value and creation. These could be tangible or intangible cultural heritage. Tangible Cultural Heritage include paintings, coins, sculptures, monuments, shipwrecks ruins, archaeological sites etc. Intangible Cultural Heritage can include traditions, performance arts, rituals etc.

10. Following are the ways to preserve ‘World Heritage Sites.’ Transfer these points into a small paragraph. Suggest a suitable title.

• Practical conservation of posterity
• Humanlanimal trespassing
• Unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access
• Threat of local administrative negligence

Question 1.
Following are the ways to preserve ‘World Heritage Sites.’ Transfer these points into a small paragraph. Suggest a suitable title.

• Practical conservation of posterity
• Humanlanimal trespassing
• Unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access
• Threat of local administrative negligence

Answer:
Preserving ‘World Heritage Sites’ for Future Generations Let us be sensible and practical to preserve our World Heritage Sites for future generations. It depends on well-organized and well-managed plan, The plan should be skillfully monitored and implemented to the details. It is the responsibility of the country where it is situated. So it is our national duty to protect or restore the Heritage Sites.

To maintain the original, natural characteristics of the site we must take utmost care and prevent them from being lost, damaged or destroyed. We must use funds and resources allocated by our state and the World Heritage Fund for mending and repairing work. Many a times, human and animal trespassing damage, deface and make them ugly and insecure.

Their activities and disturbances should be controlled and restricted to retain their natural beauty and grandeur. Buildings, structures, historical monuments and natural beauty should be taken care of.

In many cases, the local administrators are lethargic and they are responsible for the damages. The administrative apathy and negligence are the threats to our Heritage sites. Strict actions should be taken against them for their neglect to protect the sites.
Everyone of us, who visit the sites, should have a sense of national pride in preserving our World Heritage sites for the sake of our future generations.

11. Find from the text minimum 8 words related to cultural heritage and make a word register. Arrange them in an alphabetical order: 

Question 1.
Find from the text minimum 8 words related to cultural heritage and make a word register. Arrange them in an alphabetical order:
Answer:
Words related to cultural heritage:

1. temples
2. culture
3. literature
4. artefacts
5. sites
6. territory
7. monuments
8. art

Alphabetical order: art, artefacts, culture, literature, monuments, sites, temples, territory.

13. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘not only but also’ and ‘as well as’ in 2 seperate sentences.

Question i.
UNESCO and the International Council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.
Answer
1. Not only UNESCO but also the international council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.
2. UNESCO as well as the International council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

Question ii.
The state parties are responsible for identifying and nominating new sites.
Answer
1. The State Parties are responsible not only for identifying but also for nominating new sites.
2. The State Parties are responsible for identifying as well as nominating new sites.

Question iii.
Opera House in Australia and the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of World Heritage.
Answer
1. Not only Opera House in Australia but also the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of the World Heritage.
2. Opera House in Australia as well as the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of the World Heritage.

Question iv.
World Heritage Sites can be a combination of both cultural and natural areas.
Answer
1. World Heritage Sites can be a combination of not only cultural but also natural areas.
2. World Heritage Sites can be a combination of cultural as well as natural areas.

Question v.
To protect the temples and artifacts. UNESCO launched an international campaign.
Answer
1. To protect not only the temples but also artifacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.
2. To protect the temples as well as artifacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.

14. Rewrite the following sentences replacing ‘as soon as’ by ‘No sooner than.’
(Note: The phrase, ‘No sooner’ must always be followed by an auxiliary
(helping verb).
For example : As soon as he came, they all gave an applause.
No sooner did he come, than all gave an applause.
(a) As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
(b) As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
(c) As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer – papers.
(d) As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
(e) As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences replacing ‘as soon as’ by ‘No sooner… than…’
(a) As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
(b) As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
(c) As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer-papers.
(d) As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
(e) As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.
Answer:
(a) No sooner is the Bill passed than it will become an Act.
(b) No sooner did the thief escape than the family informed the police.
(c) No sooner have you finished than you can submit your answer papers.
(d) No sooner can they manage than they should change their house.
(e) No sooner will the bell ring than the School Assembly will start.

15. Prepare a ‘tourism leaflet’ on any one of the following. (You may refer to the points given in Warming Up.)
(A) Your Home Town
(B) A Historical Place
(C) A Place of Natural Beauty
(D) A Place of Pilgrimage

Question 1.
Prepare a ‘tourism leaflet’ on any one of the following. (You may refer to the points given in Warming Up.)
(A) Your Home Town
(B) A Historical Place
(C) A Place of Natural Beauty
(D) A Place of Pilgrimage
Answer:
(उत्तराकरिता Warming Up! मधील Kolhapur विषयी दिलेले पर्यटन माहितीपत्रक पाहा.)

16.Project :

Question a.
Make a list of sites from our State that are included in the World Heritage Sites. Try to visit one of them. Write the importance of that World Heritage Site. Also write your impression of it in your notebook.

Live English:

Question a.
Making PowerPoint Presentation:
Answer:

Question b.
Rearrange the following steps of creating a PowerPoint slide in proper sequence:
(Answers is directly given.)
Answer:

1. Open Microsoft PowerPoint.
2. Click ‘New’ to create Blank Presentation.
3. Add New Slide from Home menu.
4. Click to add Text and Title in the slide.
5. Add Pictures by clicking ‘Insert’ button.
6. Resize your pictures or graphics.
7. Add effects from “Transition” menu.
8. Add New slide from Home menu.
9. Save your slide and start slide show from the beginning.

Question c.
Follow the slide Handout on ‘Types of Sentences’ given on coursebook page No. 85. Create similar slide Handout on any one of given topics:

1. pollution
2. Modes of Transport
3. Our Solar System
4. The United Nations

Question d.
Tips for writing an effective Slide Handout
Answer:

1. Begin with writing a Title and name of presenter on the Slide 1.
2. Write points you want to explain in main bullet points in the Slide 2.
3. Give meanings, definitions and exanples in bullet points.
4. Use aphoristic style of language, give only main points.
5. Give your contact number and email ID for feedback towards the en)

Question e.
Tips for making an effective Power point Presentation
Answer:

1. While speaking, show your passion and use positive body gestures.
2. Start strongly try to connect with your audience using propertone.
3. Keep it simple: concentrate on your core message.
4. Smile and make eye contact with your audience.
5. Conclude on positive note.

Question f.
The 10/20/30 rule of Power Point
Answer:
( If you are notfamiliarwith the 10/20/30 Ruleof PowerPoint created way back in 2005 by Guy Kawasaki, here’s how it goes:
“The most effective Power Poin t presentations should
containno more than lOslides,
Iastno longer than 20 minutes,
and feature fontno smaller than 30 points.”

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
i. The International World Heritage Programme is administered by – The UNESCO WORLD Heritage Committee
ii. The Nile valley contains many ancient – Egyptian artifacts.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
A draft convention was started for creating an international organization responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

Question 3.
Name the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
State parties are elected by the World Heritage Centre’s General Assembly.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

1. The role of World Heritage Committee is to list the sites as – a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2. The tenure of World Heritage Committee is – six years.
3. The World Heritage Committee consists of representatives from – 21 State Parties.

Question 5.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The inventory of the State Party is called the Tentative List.
2. Tentative List is included on the Nomination File.
3. Two advisory bodies make recommendations to the World Heritage Committee.
4. When the site is chosen it also becomes considered within the international community.
5. 25 of the World Heritage Sites are considered mixed.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Why did UNESCO launch an international campaign in 1959?
Answer:
Egypt started plans to build the Aswan High Dam to collect and control water from the Nile River. The dam’s construction would have flooded the Nile valley containing the Abu Simbel Temples and many of ancient Egyptian artefacts. To protect the temples and the artefacts UNESCO launched an international campaign in 1959.

Question 3.
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given.)
answer:

Question 4.
Why did a White House Conference in the United States call for a ‘World Heritage Trust’?
Answer:
A White House Conference in the United States called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historic cultural sites and also for protecting the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.

Question 5.
What measures are taken about the World Heritage Sites that are in danger?
Answer:
The World Heritage Committee first prepares a separate list of sites that are in danger. The World Heritage Committee allocates resources from the World Heritage Fund to that site to restore it. In addition, different plans are put into place to protect and/or restore the site. However, if a site loses its characteristics which allowed it to be originally included on the World Heritage List, the World Heritage Committee can delete the site from the list.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Look at the words and their meanings. Underline the correct alternatives:
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:
(i) determine:
(a) think over
(b) decide
(c) ask for
(d) look over

(ii) monument:
(a) statue
(b) pillar
(c) memorial building
(d) fort

(iii) significant:
(a) clever
(b) effective
(c) systematic
(d) important

(iv) disaster:
(a) problem
(b) incident
(c) calamity
(d) accident

Question 2.
Find from the passage adjective forms for the following:

1. culture
2. history
3. nature
4. significance

Answer:

1. cultural
2. historical
3. natural
4. significant

Question 3.
Write the long form of ‘UNESCO’.
Answer:
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Question 4.
Write from the passage nouns for the following:

1. present
2. protect
3. conserve
4. include

Answer:

1. presentation
2. protection
3. conservation
4. inclusion

Question 5.
Write the list of adjectives from the passage.
Answer:
historic, cultural, significant, natural, scenic, international, similar, general, main, responsible, six.

Question 6.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. inventory	(a) fixed basis to judge
2. territory	(b) suggestions
3. criteria	(c) region
4. recommendations	(d) a written list of material

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. inventory	(d) a written list of material
2. territory	(c) region
3. criteria	(a) fixed basis to judge
4. recommendations	(b) suggestions

Question 7.
Find from the passage the antonyms for the following:

1. exclude
2. artificial
3. insignificant
4. final

Answer:

1. exclude × include
2. artificial × natural
3. insignificant × significant
4. final × tentative

Question 8.
Find out opposites from the passage for the following:
Answer:

1. artificial × natural
2. lowest × highest
3. exclude × include
4. safe × danger

Question 9.
Find from the passage the nouns of the following :

1. locate
2. urbanize
3. pollute
4. add

Answer:

1. locate – location
2. urbanize – urbanization
3. pollute – pollution
4. add – addition

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Why do you like to visit tourist spots?
Answer:
I like to visit some tourist spots not only for comfort and relaxation but for expanding my knowledge and for knowing our culture, history and glory of the past. They enhance our knowledge, vision of life and enlighten your intelligence. These visits give us true education of life and soothe our minds.

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar:

Rewrite the sentences using ‘not only….but also’ and ‘as well as’ in two separate sentences:

Question 1.
A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historic cultural sites and the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.
Answer:
i. A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect not only historic cultural sites but also the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.
ii. A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historical cultural sites as well as the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.

Question 2.
Write the following sentence using ‘as soon as’ and ‘no sooner …… in two separate sentences.
Immediately after the World Heritage Sites are in danger, they are inscribed on a separate list.
Answer:
(i) As soon as the World Heritage Sites are in danger, they are inscribed on a separate list.
(ii) No sooner are the World Heritage Sites in danger than they are inscribed on a separate list.

English Workshop:
(based on whole lesson).

Question 1.
What is the difference between the words ‘World Heritage’ and ‘Cultural Heritage’?
Answer:
The word ‘World Heritage’ is related with the natural or man-made places that are recognized as having international importance, cultural values of the world and humanity in general. Whereas ‘Cultural Heritage’ is related with a particular society or groups, its ideas, customs, beliefs, art and literature, etc. that have existed and inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and preserved for the benefits of future generation.

Activities based on Language Study

(A) Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. w o _ l d
2. l a k _ s
3. s i _ e s
4. s _ a t e

Answer:

1. w o r l d
2. l a k e s
3. s i t e s
4. s t a t e

Question 2.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. world, becoming, property, territory
2. step, site, selection, significant
Answer:
1. becoming, property, territory, world
2. selection, significant, site, step

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. Then what’s the secret of your energy I asked
2. No there isn’t anyone like Raghu veer
Answer:
1. “Then what’s the secret of your energy?” I asked.
2. “No, there isn’t anyone like Raghuveer.”

Question 4.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using letters in the word ‘ mountain ’
Answer:
mount, out, main, tin

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the following word-chain of the adjectives. Add four words each beginning with the last letter of the previous word: ;
dear → …………… → …………… → …………… → …………… .
Answer:
dear → real → large → eager → red.

(B) Do as directed:

1. Attempt anyone:

Question a.
Make your own meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘to fall prey’:
Answer:
Young people fall prey to attractive, tasty food.

OR

Question b.
Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully:
This is how I …………….
Answer: This is how the poor man got shelter in the Old age Home.

2. Attempt anyone:

Question a.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words:
1. agree
2. satisfy
Answer:
1. disagree/agreement
2. satisfaction/dissatisfy

OR

Question b.
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. agree
2. satisfy
Answer:
1. Do you agree with my opinion?
2. The food he got did not satisfy his hunger.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:
Chit-Chat

1. Discuss in your class.

Question 1.
Indian women who have made it to International Levels in sports and games. Discuss the following points about each of them.
Answer:
(a) Name of the sportsperson. – Lauta Shivaji Babar
(b) Sport or Game-Long distance running.
(c) Level reached-World championship, Olympic Games.
(d) Outstanding achievem ents-Sportsperson of the Year Award 2015.
(e) Awards/Prizes/Titles-Arjuna Award by Government of India.
Indian Sports Award by FICCI and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

1. Fill in the Table:

Question 1.
Fill in the Table: (Answers are directly given.)

Answer:

Name of Sport/Game	Place where played	Individual or Team Event	Sports Equipment
1. Boxing	Ring	Individual	Boxing gloves
2. Shooting	Shooting range	Individual	Rifle, shooting stand
3. Hockey	Ground	Team	Hockey stick and ball
4. Football	Ground	Team	Football, Net
5. Badminton	Court	Individual/Pair	Racket and Shuttlecock
6. Kabaddi	Ground	Team

Question 2.
Complete the interview with an imaginary captain of Ladies Cricket Team of your Town/City/State. Conclude with a farewell message.
Answer:

Interview

Interviewer – J. Prasad (J. P.)
Captain – Vijetha Bhide (V. B.)

• J.P.: Good Morning. We are simply privileged and delighted to have the presence of the Captain j of our State Women’s Cricket Team, which won the final of the Inter State series in Mumbai, last week. Hello Vijetha, welcome to our show.
• V.B.: Thank you for inviting me. I am really grateful to the Government of Maharastra for recognizing my services to state women’s cricket team.
• J.P.: That’s great. You have shown your talent and performance in this Inter State series in Mumbai.
• V.B.: That’s right. The girls gave commendable performances, so the credit goes to the whole team.
• J.P.: Your individual performance was also great. It was a great feat for you.
• V.B.: Thank you. 48 runs in 40 balls is quite good and helping score for the team. Anjali co-ordinated well with me and so it was easy to reach the score.
• J.P.: Do you think regular practice is needed at the domestic level?
• V.B.: Yes, of course! More importantly there is huge need for more tournaments at the domestic level so that the girls can intermingle with the different talents in cricket.
• J.P.: Absolutely right. It gives confidence to girls. Do you think, the coach plays important role in your success? What is your opinion?
• V.B.: You are right. Without a coach how can we develop our game? He guides us at every stage and so we have reached up to this level.
• J.P.: What will be your next move and dream?
• V.B.: Now we will practise for the National level tournaments. And I think the girls have that calibre to pull off some trophies at the National level.
• J.P.: That’s really great. Wish you all the best for your future cricketing career.
• V.B.: Thanks a lot!

English Workshop:

1. Choose the correct alternatives:

Question (a)
What kind of text is it?
(i) story
(ii) speech
(iii) interview
(iv) essay
Answer:
(iii) interview

Question (b)
Which State does Mary Kom belong to?
(i) Maharashtra
(ii) Tamil Nadu
(iii) Kerala
(iv) Manipur
Answer:
(iv) Manipur

Question (c)
Who inspired Mary Kom and other youngsters in Manipur to choose boxing as a career?
(i) Dingko Singh
(ii) Charles Atkinson
(iii) Mangte Tanpa Kom
(iv) Adams
Answer:
(i) Dingko Singh

Question (d)
When did Mary Kom start her career?
(i) 2012
(ii) 2000
(iii) 2001
Answer:
(ii) 2000

2. Go through the text again and find out the name of cities and their importance in Mary Kom’s life. One is given for you. 

Question 1.
Go through the text again and find out the name of cities and their importance in Mary Kom’s life. One is given for you. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) Kangthei – Mary Korn’s birth place.
(b) West-Bengal – Regional championship
(c) Pune – Preparation for the Olympics with male boxers.
(d) Manipur – State women’s boxing championship.

3. Write down the full forms of-

Question 1.
Write down the full forms of-
Answer:
(a) OGQ – Olympic Gold Quest
(b) IBN – Indian Broadcasting Network
(c) MTV – Music Television
(d) YPA – Yearly Plan of Action
(e) AIBA – The Amateur International Boxing Association.
(f) CNN – Cable News Network

4. Write the Factfile of Mary Kom, in your notebook.

Question 1.
Write the Factfile of Mary Kom, in your notebook.
Answer:
(a) Full Name – Mary Mangte Kom
(b) Native of – Kangthei village, Moirang Lamkhai in Churachandpur district of rural Manipur in eastern India.

(c) Early life and interests – Grown in humble surroundings of tenant farmers and helping her parents in farm related chores. She was interested in athletics initially and later turned to boxing.

(d) Special sports taken up – Boxing was her main sport.

(e) Inspired by – Dingko Singh who returned from Bangkok Asian games with a gold medal.

(f) Coach – Charles Atkinson.

(g) Early achievements:
1. Victory in the Manipur State Women’s Boxing Championship and the Regional Championship in West Bengal.
2. International debut at the first AIBA Women’s World Boxing Championship in United States.

(h) International achievement:
1. Five times World Boxing Champion and the only boxer to win a medal in every one of the six World Championships.
2. In 2012 Olympics she won a Bronze medal.

(i) Her passion – To make boxing popular among all Indians, especially women and girls.

(j) Future plan – To coach Indian women in boxing in future.

5. Glance through the text and find the special qualities of Mary Kom. Complete the web by putting different qualities of Mary Kom in the boxes: (Answers are directly given.)

Question 1.
Glance through the text and find the special qualities of Mary Kom. Complete the web by putting different qualities of Mary Kom in the boxes: (Answers are directly given.)

Answer:

6. ‘Super mom’ refers to an excellent mother. Give three reasons why ‘super’ has been added to the word ‘mom’ as in the title?

Question 1.
‘Super mom’ refers to an excellent mother. Give three reasons why ‘super’ has been added to the word ‘mom’ as in the title?
1. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
Answer:
1. It is quite difficult to balance home and profession and she has managed it like an outstanding woman.
2. Even though she is a successful sportswoman she gives more importance to her family so she has that super understanding.
3. Though a mother, she is an exceptional woman in Indian society to go out and make boxing a career. So she is a super mother.

7. Answer in your own words.

Question (a)
What makes the writer call Mary Kom ‘a legend’?
Answer:
A legend is a famous person, icon or superstar in a particular field. Mary Kom is a famous woman as an Indian boxer. The field is male dominated, but with her efforts and determination she earned name and fame, so in real sense she is a legend not only to the writer but also to all Indians and a real ‘torch-bearer’ for Indian women.

Question (b)
What prime quality did Mary Kom display during her first attempt in Olympic Games? What was her bad luck?
Answer:
Mary practised for Olympics with the male boxers. Her coach was not allowed to accompany her but she went on with confidence, because she had done her homework and was well prepared with her coach. She could play with good tactical knowledge. In semi-finals she was fighting against Adams, a clever counter puncher but Mary was scoring well, but the judges were not pressing the buttons and favouring her rival. So it was her bad luck that she lost in the semi-finals.

Question (c)
What does Mary Kom suggest, for India to win more Olympic Gold Medals?

8. Fill in the flow chart after rearranging the facts below in their proper order, as per the text:

Question 1.
Fill in the flow chart after rearranging the facts below in their proper order, as per the text:
(a) Mary Kom made her first appearance at international level.
(b) She sparred with male boxers in Pune.
(c) Mary Kom won the Manipur State Women’s Boxing Championship.
(d) She won a bronze medal in the 2012 Olympics.
(e) Mary Kom decided to take up boxing.

Answer:

9. Make sentences of your own using the following words:

Question (a)
debut:
Answer:
Sonu Nigam made his singing debut at a very early age.

Question (b)
elation:
Answer:
My father is a man who seldom gives away to elation of mind.

Question (c)
sponsor:
Answer:
The sports events of the club were sponsored by Seth Narayandas Zaveri.

Question (d)
reinforced:
Answer:
The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching.

Question (e)
humble surroundings:
Answer:
Many people in India live in humble surroundings.

10. Find antonyms of the following words from the text:

Question 1.
Find antonyms of the following words from the text:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. arrogant × humble
2. disqualify × qualify
3. finally × initially

11. Imagine that you are the Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below:

Question 1.
Imagine that you are the Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below:
(a) Early Life
(b) Interest in this field
(c) Inspiration
(d) Coaching and guidance
(e) Achievement/Records
(f) Future plans
(g) Advice to youngsters
Answer:
Interview Questions to be asked to the cricketer:

1. Was it your passion to become a cricketer from your childhood?
2. Who inspired you to become a cricketer?
3. Did your parents help you in your decision? What was their role?
4. What are some of your superstitions before going in to bat?
5. Who is your idol in other games other than cricket?
6. In whose bowling did you score the most runs?
7. If you were not a cricketer what would you be then?
8. What are your future plans?
9. What message would you like to give to the young generation?
10. What is your best achievement till today?

12. Imagine that you are Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below.

Question 1.
Imagine that you are Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below.
(a) Early Life
(b) Training
(c) Achievement
(d) Future plans
Answer:
Mary Kom is a sportswoman who has made India proud with her glorious achievements as a boxer. Basically from Manipur, India, she was the eldest of four siblings and had to work hard from young age to support her family. She took care of her younger siblings and worked in the field with her parents to help them. She is the only Indian woman boxer to have qualified for the 2012 summer Olympics where she won a Bronze Medal.

She is also the first Indian woman boxer to get a Gold medal in Asian games and Commonwealth Games. She was trained by Charles Atkinson. Mary set a new standard in amateur boxing without ever competing in professional boxing. The AIBA awarded Mary Kom with the first AIBA Legends Award for promising boxing career. She is also the recipient of Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri and Arjuna Award for her tremendous achievement in Boxing. She is a legend for Indian women.

13. ‘What Men can do, Women can do better’. Divide your class in 2 groups. Let one group offer points ‘For the topic’ and the other, ‘against the topic’ given above. Note down the points in your notebooks, expand the points in two separate paragraphs of about 15 to 20 lines each. Suggest suitable titles for each:

Question 1.
‘What Men can do, Women can do better’. Divide your class in 2 groups. Let one group offer points ‘For the topic’ and the other, ‘against the topic’ given above. Note down the points in your notebooks, expand the points in two separate paragraphs of about 15 to 20 lines each. Suggest suitable titles for each:
Answer:
Two beautiful Creations of God-Men and Women

For the topic

Men cannot look after their family well compared : to women. It is still believed that men are supposed to be the bread winners and be able to support their wives and children. But now a days many women do this work very easily. Women have proved that they can do anything if given a chance. Now they have started working in Army with men.

In politics, they have proved that they can work better than men. Games like cricket, football, wrestling were the monopoly of men but now by entering in these fields they are proving they can do anything better than men. In astronomy, medicines, teaching they are in the forefront. It is important to remember that differences between men and women do not mean that one gender is less important than the other.

Against the topic

Being raised in a socially conscious environment, we believe men and women are generally equal and should be treated as such. But there are certain fields in which women can’t work as they do not possess the physical strength to work in adverse conditions like protecting our borders. They are rarely found as coal miners. Women cannot climb electricity poles and work on power transformers. They cannot fight in wars or battles. They are not found in off-shore oil drilling platforms.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:

1. The warrior mentioned in the passage –
2. Native place of Mary Kom –
3. Mary Korn’s parents –
4. The sportsperson who won gold medal in Asian games –

Answer:

1. Mary Mangte Kom
2. Kangthei village, Moirang Lamkhai in Churachandpur district of rural Manipur in eastern India.
3. Mangte Tonpa Kom and Mangte Akham Kom.
4. Dingko Singh.

Complete the sentences:

Question 1.
Complete the sentences:

1. Kom grew up in
2. She came from a
3. She had an eager interest in
4. Mary Korn’s career started in

Answer:

1. Kom grew up in humble surroundings.
2. She came from a poor family.
3. She had an eager interest in athletics.
4. Mary Korn’s career started in 2000.

Question 2.
Answer in one-two words:
Answer:

1. Coach -Charles Atkinson
2. Interviewer – Sportskeeda correspondent Taru- kal Srivastava
3. Place of Training – Pune
4. Total medals won in 2012 Olympics by India – 6

Question 3.
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements:
Answer:

1. Mary Korn’s coach was allowed to accompany her during her preparation for Olympics – Disagree
2. Mary practised with male boxers in Pune – Agree
3. Mary is the first Indian female boxer to win an Olympics medal for India – Agree
4. Dodgy judging was not at all the part of the reason for her loss in the semi-finals. – Disagree

Question 4.
Complete the following web chart. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
What did Mary Kom prefer being called?
(i) Super mom
(ii) Super woman
(iii) Super being
(iv) Super Boxer
Answer:
(i) Super mom

Question 2.
What would be a key factor in your conditioning for the Olympics?
(i) saturated fats
(ii) diet and nutrition
(iii) trophies and medals
Answer:
(ii) Diet and nutrition

Question 3.
Which traditional feminine activity is mentioned in the extract?
(i) washing
(ii) dusting
(iii) cooking
Answer:
(iii) cooking

Question 4.
Which award did Mary receive in 2009?
(i) Sahara Sports Award
(ii) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
(iii) Arjuna Award
Answer:
(ii) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Mary Korn’s exceptional achievement is she is famed as a five times world Boxing Champion and the only boxer to win a medal in every one of the six world championships.
2. Mary Korn’s parents made their living by working as tenant farmers in jhum fields.

Question 2.
What has added to Mary Kom’s greatness as a boxing champion?
Answer:
Mary Kom made her debut at the first AIBA Women’s World Boxing Championship in United States and won silver medal in the 48 kg weight category. Her greatness is strengthened by the way she apologized to the whole nation for not being able to win the Gold Medal. It has added to Mary Kom’s greatness as a boxing champion.

Question 3.
How did Mary spend her childhood?
Answer:
Mary grew up in humble surroundings. She used to help her parents with farm related chores. She used to learn athletics initially and later boxing simultaneously. She had an eager interest in athletics since childhood.

Question 4.
Complete the following web:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 5.
What failed to pressurize Mary Kom during the Olympics?
Answer:
She was the only female representative from India and her coach Charles Atkinson was not allowed to accompany her to the Olympics failed to pressurize Mary Kom during the Olympics.

Question 6.
What can help Indian sportsmen to win more Olympic medals?
Answer:
More corporates should come in and sponsor players, so that the players don’t have to face financial pressure and can just focus on their game. More and more people should take up sports as a full-time career if we want to win more gold medals. This can help Indian sportsmen to win more Olympic medals.

Question 7.
What did OGQ do for Mary Kom?
Answer:
OGQ played a big role in shaping the boxing scene in India. OGQ really played an important part in Mary’s success. They helped her out whenever she needed something. They took care of everything Which helped her focus on her boxing and kept her stress-free.

Question 8.
What is Mary’s opinion about future of Indian boxing?
Answer:
According to Mary Kom the future of Indian boxing is bright. She is also sure that many boxers would win medals for India.

Question 9.
How did Mary Kom increase her weight?
Answer:
According to Mary diet and nutrition must be the key factor in conditioning body, but that is a neglected area in Indian sports. She had to focus on what to eat. When she started diet and nutritions, she put on her weight by 3 kg. And she could compete in 51 kg event instead of usual 48 kg.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give one word for the following explanation:
Answer:

1. The first public appearance – debut
2. One who makes history – legend
3. Farming, shifting cultivation – Jhum
4. Successful ending of a struggle or contest – victory

Question 2.
Find the full form of:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
U.S. – United States

Use the following words in your own sentences:

Question 1.
legend:
Answer:
Lata is a legend in her own lifetime.

Find out antonyms of the following words from the text:

Question 1.
Find out antonyms of the following words from the text:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. failure × success
2. rich × poor
3. died × born
4. urban × rural
5. defeat × victory

Question 2.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of:
Answer:
1. birth – born
2. qualification – qualify

Question 3.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of:
1. succeed
2. prepare
Answer:
1. succeed – success
2. prepare – preparation

Question 4.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of:
1. dodge
2. tactic
Answer:
1. dodge – dodgy
2. tactic – tactical

Find out opposite words for the following from the passage.

Question 1.
Find out opposite words for the following from the passage.
Answer:

1. hated × adored/admired
2. fair × unfair
3. inclusive × exclusive
4. losing × winning

Pick out from the passage the verb forms of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of the following:
Answer:

1. company – accompany
2. practice – practise
3. decision – decide
4. requirement – require

Pick out the noun forms of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out the noun forms of the following:
Answer:

1. add – addition
2. achieve – achievement
3. represent – representative
4. change – change

Pick out the adjective form of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out the adjective form of the following:
Answer:

1. finance – financial
2. confidence – confident
3. favour – favourite
4. proportion. – proportionate

Question 2.
Write down the full forms of –
Answer:

1. OGQ – Olympic Gold Quest
2. CNN – Cable News Network
3. IBN – Indian Broadcasting Network
4. MTV – Music Television
5. YPA – Yearly Plan of Action

Question 3.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of.
Answer:

1. nutrition – nutritional
2. female – feminine
3. tradition – traditional
4. saturate – saturated
5. addition – additional

Question 4.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of. (Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

1. competition – compete
2. negligence – neglect
3. cooking – cook
4. preference – prefer

Question 5.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of.
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. aware – awareness
2. require – requirement

Question 6.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of.
Answer:

1. nutrition – nutritional
2. female – feminine
3. tradition – traditional
4. saturate – saturated
5. addition – additional

Question 7.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of. (Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

1. competition – compete
2. negligence – neglect
3. cooking – cook
4. preference – prefer

Question 8.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of.
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. aware – awareness
2. require – requirement

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Choose the tail tags given in the brackets and complete the following sentences:
(isn’t she?, hadn’t he?, wasn’t he?, weren’t they?) (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Her father was a keen wrestler in his younger age; wasn’t he?
2. Dingko Singh had inspired many youngsters in Manipur, hadn’t he?
3. Her parents were tenant farmers in jhum fields, weren’t they?
4. She is famed as a five times World Boxing Champion, isn’t she?

Question 2.
Underline the subordinate clause in the given sentence and state its kind.
Enough has been said about this great warrior, who conquered the world.
Answer:
Enough has been said about this great warrior who conquered the world – Adjective clause.

Question 3.
Identify the tense:

1. Sometimes it becomes really difficult to keep them under control.
2. They took care of everything.
3. In a few years boxing will be very popular among everyone in India.
4. You have broken several stereotypes about the women in India.

Answer:

1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Past Tense
3. Simple Future Tense
4. Present Perfect Tense.

Pick out the subordinate clause and state its kind:

Question 1.
Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Answer:
Subordinate clause – (that) nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Kind-Noun clause.

Question 2.
Identify the tense:

1. Sometimes it becomes really difficult to keep them under control.
2. They took care of everything.
3. In a few years boxing will be very popular among everyone in India.
4. You have several stereotypes about the women in India.

Answer:

1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Past Tense
3. Simple Future Tense
4. Present Perfect Tense.

Pick out the subordinate clause and state its kind:

Question 1.
Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Answer:
Subordinate clause – (that) nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Kind-Noun clause.

Question 2.
That’s the best thing, that has happened to me
Answer:
Subordinate clause – that has happened to me.
Kind-Adjective clause.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
She came from a poor family.
(Rewrite as a negative sentence without changing its meaning.)
Answer:
She didn’t come from a rich family.

Question 2.
Her father was a keen wrestler.
(Rewrite the sentence in simple present tense.)
Answer:
Her father is a keen wrestler.

Question 3.
Charles Atkinson was not allowed to accompany Mary to the Olympics.
Answer:
Charles Atkinson was prevented from accompanying Mary to the Olympics.

Question 4.
Mary was the only female representative from India in boxing. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
No other female representative except Mary represented India in boxing.

Question 5.
Some of the decisions were unfortunate. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
Some of the decisions were not fortunate.

Question 6.
Some of the decisions did not work to my benefit. (Make it Affirmative.)
Answer:
Some of the decisions hardly worked to my benefit.

Underline the subordinate clause and state its kind: (Subordinate clauses are directly underlined.)

Question 1.
Underline the subordinate clause and state its kind:
(Subordinate clauses are directly underlined.)
Answer:
1. The male boxers were kind enough to practise with me, whenever I required them.
Kind: Adverb clause of time
2. I think more and more people should take up sports as a full-time career.
Kind: Noun clause.
3. India managed just 6 medals in the 2012 Olympics, even though we are a nation of 1.3 billion people.
Kind: Adverb clause of contrast/condition.

Question 2.
Complete the words by using correct letters:
Answer:

1. b o _ e r – boxer
2. t r _ i n – train
3. sp_rts – sports
4. f i _ h t – fight

Question 3.
Put the words in alphabetical order:
1. boxing, elation, success, change
2. awareness, award, already, achievement
Answer:
1. boxing, change, elation, success
2. achievement, already, award, awareness

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. mary said trained hard in pune and the male boxers were kind enough to practise with me whenever required them
2. interviewer asked mary kom what do you prefer being called super mom or super boxer
Answer:
1. Mary said, “I trained hard in Pune and the male boxers were kind enough to practise with me whenever I required them.”
2. Interviewer asked Mary Kom, “What do you prefer being called-Super Mom or Super Boxer?”

Question 5.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the word: ‘representative’
Answer:

1. present
2. native
3. rent
4. rate

Question 6.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 7.
Complete the word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word.
start, → t…………., …………., …………., ………….
Answer:
start, → treat, take, enter, redress.

1. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to be successful.’ :
Ans.
Hardwork and perseverance are the key ; components to be successful in life.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to the sentence to expand it meaningfully:
This is our world
Ans.
This is our world where we can get strange experiences.

2. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words:
1. amaze
2. educate
Answer:
1. amaze – amazing
2. educate – educated, education

OR

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. amaze
2. educate
Answer:
1. I was amazed at her general knowledge.
2. It is the duty of our government to educate every child of our country.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe your favourite sportswoman.
Answer:
Saina Nehwal is my favorite sports woman. She is the ace badminton player representing India. She started playing badminton at a tender age of eight. She was trained by Nani Prasad and was under strict fitness regime prepared by her trainer. She proved her mettle in 2006 when she became under-19 National Champion in badminton. She is one of the athletes supported by ‘Olympic Gold Quest’-a foundation that supports athletes, who have potential to win Olympic gold.

Question 2.
Do you like games? Why?
Answer:
Yes. I like games because it makes me active and energetic. It builds my mental and physical power. It develops my concentration. Overall, it develops my personality so I play different games.

Question 3.
Do you think financial support is very necessary for the sportsmen? Why?
Answer:
The sportsmen whose financial condition is not good cannot afford proper diet due to lack of money. They can neither buy sports material necessary for them nor participate in some important events due to shortage of money. If they get good financial support, they can get training from a good coach to improve their game. So it is very necessary for them to get financial support.

Question 4.
Name some sportswomen you know:
Answer:

1. Saina Nehwal
2. P.V. Sindhu
3. Mithali Raj
4. Geeta Phogat
5. Sania Mirza
6. Anjali Bhagwat

Question 5.
What is Mary Kom more proud of being a boxer or a mother?
Answer:
It is well said, ‘The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.’ She is more proud of being a mother because she knows with her hands she can make lives of her kids. Mother is next to God-in fact a visible God, so even on the ground she thinks about her children. Children are the first priority in her life, because she has to nurture her children and bring them up with love and care.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

Question 1.
Have you ever participated in or visited a science exhibition?
Answer:
Yes, last year I along with my friends participated in ward level science exhibition and selected for district level exhibition.

Question 2.
Did you observe/learn any new things there ? What are those ?
Answer:
Yes, we observed and learnt a lot there.

1. Everyone was busy in his/her experiment.
2. Everyone was trying to prove something. We learnt that if we work consistently we can achieve anything in our life.
3. The pairs or groups of students were working hard together to make the exhibit successful.

Question 3.
“Scientists have to work very hard and make many sacrifices for years to achieve success in their experiments”. Why?
Answer:
Hard work is the key to success. While working on any project they forget everything around them and concentrate on the experiment while doing so they sacrifice their health, hunger, family, likes, hobbies and then only they are able to carry out the undertaken experiment and get the results of it.

Question 4.
What is the difference between a discovery and an invention?
Answer:
Discovery is the process of finding information, a place or an object, especially for the first time. It is an act of finding something which is in existence but not known before. Invention is something that has never been made or processed before. It is something newly designed or created.

1. Discuss in pairs/groups about the precautions one has to take while working in a science laboratory. Write them in the form of Dos and Dont’s:

Question 1.
Discuss in pairs/groups about the precautions one has to take while working in a science laboratory. Write them in the form of Dos and Dont’s:

Answer:

Dos	Don’ts
1. Handle test tubes and glass apparatus with care.	1. Don’t touch chemicals with bare hands.
2. Inform the lab attendant if there is a problem.	2. Don’t eat, drink, chew gum or apply cosmetics in the lab.
3. Wash your hands before you leave the lab for the day.	3. Do not work with chemical until you are sure of their safe handling.
4. Wear appropriate safety attire when in the laboratory-safety goggles, lab aprons, etc.	4. Do not use the phone or computer with gloves on your hands.

2. Study the underlined Predicate in each of the sentences below and note the difference:

Question 1.
Study the underlined Predicate in each of the sentences below and note the difference:
Answer:
1. I met Debbie, [(verb (met) + noun (Debbie)]
We study Grammar, [verb (study) + noun (Grammar)]
(The object answers WHAT? or WHO? when asked to the verb.)

2. He become tired, [(verb (become) + complement (tired)]
They are hungry, [(verb (are) + complement (hungry)]
The verbs (became/are) incomplete without the words that follow (tired/hungry.) So ‘tired’ and ‘hungry’ are Complements of the verbs ‘became’ and ‘are’.)

3. She spoke softly.
They live here.
He turned early.
(The verbs in the Predicates are followed by Adverbials since they indicate
How?/Where/When the action in the verb takes place.)
Now Say whether the Predicate in the following sentence contain Object or Complement or Adverbial after the verb:
Answer:
(a) He looked upwards. Complement
(b) My brother is injured. Complement
(c) We scored a goal. Object
(d) We beat the opponents. Object
(e) She answered perfectly. Adverbial
(f) The guests arrived early. Adverbial
(g) I shall be happy. Complement
(h) You wrote the address. Object

English Workshop:

1. Write one sentence each, why the following years were landmarks in the lives of Pierre and Marie Curie:

Question 1.
Write one sentence each, why the following years were landmarks in the lives of Pierre and Marie Curie: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. 1895 – Marie and Pierre got married.
2. 1902 – Radium was discovered.
3. 1903 – The Curies along with Henry Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of Radium and Polonium.
4. 1906 – Pierre was knocked down and killed by a horse-drawn wagon.
5. 1911 – Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize for the second time for Chemistry.

2. Complete the web diagram with the qualities of Madame Curie:

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram with the qualities of Madame Curie:

Answer:

3. Name the following:

Question (a)
Two discoverers of New lands.
1. ……………………..
2. …………………….
Answer:
1. Columbus
2. Vasco da Gama

Question (b)
Two conquerers of the peak of Mt. Everest.
1. …………………..
2. ………………….
Answer:
1. Hillary
2. Tenzing

Question (c)
Original name of Madame Curie.
…………………………………………….
Answer:
Marja Sklowdaska

Question (d)
Her place of birth.
………………………………………………
Answer:
Warsaw, in Poland

Question (e)
Subjects Marie majored in, at the University of Paris.
………………………………………………
Answer:
Physics and Mathematics.

Question (f)
Nationality of her husband Pierre:
………………………………………………
Answer:
French.

Question (g)
Scientist who discovered the properties of uranium-
Answer:
Henri Becquerel

Question (h)
Two radioactive elements discovered by Curies-
Answer:
Polonium and Radium.

4. Read the text carefully and match the incidents occured in Madam Curie’s life given in table A with the years in table B.

5. Think and answer in your own words.

Question (a)
What common characteristics did Marie and Pierre share, as a student?
Answer:
When Marie went to Sorbonne the University of Paris she spent her days in poverty. Her friend Pierre was brilliant but a poor scientist. Due to lack of money they began to work in a shabby laboratory. Being students they were brilliant scholars but poverty was an obstacle in their way.

Question (b)
Which of the two scientists was greater than the other? Say why.
Answer:
I think Madame Curie was greater than Pierre Curie because she wanted to study in Paris but the poverty at home did not allow her to continue. But with her own efforts and confidence she could fulfil her childhood dream. Even in that condition she got married to a person who was poor. And even after his death, she did not deter and continued her work and was awarded the Nobel Prize. It shows that she was really a great human being and a scientist.

Question (c)
Why was the gift of a ton of pitchblende, a great stroke of luck to the Curies?
Answer:
Being very expensive the Curies couldn’t buy pitchblende on a large scale but when their admirer, the emperor of Austria gifted them the most precious gift of a ton of pitchblende they could do their experiment on a large scale and find out what they wanted to achieve. So it was a great stroke of luck to the Curies.

Question (d)
Besides the uses of Radium and Polonium mentioned in the text, in what other way do you think, it is used in the field of medicine?
Answer:
Radium is used to produce radon gas which in turn, is used to treat cancer. Radiation given off by radium is sometimes used also to study the composition of metals, plastics and other material.

The alpha rays emitted by Polonium can be used to eliminate static electricity. Polonium is also used in anti-static brushes to eliminate dust on photographic film.

Question (e)
What proves that Marie Curie was a true lover of humanity and not of wealth?
Answer:
Marie Curie could have patented her discovery and earned a lot of money. But she believed in working for Science and whatever she discovered belonged to the people and not to her so in real sense she thought about humanity not money. She was a true lover of humanity and not of wealth.

6. Find words/phrases from the text that are synonyms of the word ‘brave’:

Question 1.
Find words/phrases from the text that are synonyms of the word ‘brave’:
Answer:
courageous indomitable powerful

7. Read and understand the following words. Find out/search for proverbs/thoughts/quotes/ slogans that are related to each of them:

Question 1.
Read and understand the following words. Find out/search for proverbs/thoughts/quotes/ slogans that are related to each of them:
Answer:
(a) Courage: Courage is the complement of fear. One with courage to laugh is master of the world. Courage is a kingdom without a crown.
(b) Strength of character: Knowledge will give you power, but weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.
(c) Determination: A dream doesn’t become reality through magic, it takes sweat, determination and hardwork. The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in a man’s determination.
(d) Hard-work: Success is the result of perfection, hardwork, learning from failure, loyalty and persistence. There is simply no substitute for hardwork when it comes to achieving success.

8. Match the branches of Science with what fields they study:

Question 1.
Match the branches of Science with what fields they study:

’A’	B’
(a) Ecology	(i) Study of Atmosphere
(b) Geology	(ii) Study of Plant-life
(c) Meteorology	(iii) Study of the Universe
(d) Anatomy	(iv) Study of living organisms and environment
(e) Botany	(v) Study of human mind and emotions
(f) Psychology	(vi) Study of structure and functions of the body
(g) Cosmology	(vii) Study of solid earth and rocks

Answer:
(a) Ecology – Study of living organisms and environment
(b) Geology – Study of solid earth and rocks
(c) Meteorology – Study of Atmosphere
(d) Anatomy – Study of structure and functions of the body
(e) Botany – Study of Plant-life
(f) Psychology – Study of human mind and emotions
(g) Cosmology – Study of the Universe

9. Imagine that your school needs some Scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory. Being the in-charge of Science Committee, write a letter to the Headmaster of your school suggesting him some Scientific equipment and apparatus required for Standard X Science practicals. Take help of the information given below to complete your letter.

Question 1.
Imagine that your school needs some Scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory. Being the in-charge of Science Committee, write a letter to the Headmaster of your school suggesting him some Scientific equipment and apparatus required for Standard X Science practicals. Take help of the information given below to complete your letter.

Answer:
Sanjay Sharma,
In-charge of Science Committee,
New English High School,
Akola-444 001.
1 January, 2020.

To,
The Headmaster,
New English High School,
Akola.
Subject: Requirement of scientific equipment, apparatus and formulae charts for the laboratory.

Respected sir,

With regard to learning Science content, processes and views of the nature of Science experiments play significant role in Science. As per the new syllabus, new subjects and some experiments are included in revised Science coursebooks. Experiments give immense pleasure of self-learning and observations.

The equipment and apparatus that we have been using in our Science laboratory are outdated and rarely of any use. If we bring some new, definitely it will arose interest in learning Science and doing some experiments on our own. Being in-charge of Science Committee, I request you on behalf of all students and teachers to bring following equipment and apparatus in our Science laboratory.

1. 2 compound microscope
2. 2 Hand lens
3. 6 Beakers
4. 3 Beakers Tongs
5. 3 Test Tube holder
6. Thermometer
7. Safety goggles-6
8. 6 funnels
9. 1 microwave oven
10. 2 pipette
11. Graduated Cylinder
12. Vernier Calliper
13. Meters
14. Compass
15. Stop clock

You are well aware that due to lack of equipment our Science teachers can’t conduct some experiments in the lab.

Hope you will understand our difficulty and buy the listed equipment and apparatus as early as possible so that the subject of Science can be well understood by doing various experiments in the laboratory.
Anticipating your valuable help in this respect.

Thanking you,

Yours obediently,
Sanjay Sharma
In-charge of Science Committee.

10. ‘There is no short-cut to success’. Expand this maxim with a suitable introduction, body, examples and conclusion. Write it in your notebook in about 20 lines.

Question 1.
‘There is no short-cut to success’. Expand this maxim with a suitable introduction, body, examples and conclusion. Write it in your notebook in about 20 lines.
Answer:
‘There is no Short-cut to Success.’
It is often said that success requires hardwork and great diligence as well as commitment. This makes success a long-term achievement. Everybody thinks that there are some easier ways to live life, no need to work hard for livelihood but the truth is that easier ways are always the toughest ways. Most of us forget that for reaching success, the road is not strewn with roses. Success is an achievement by constant diligence and most of us lack the essential quality, diligence. The magic of hardwork and perseverance cannot be underestimated.

Most of the time it happens that we start our efforts but soon lose heart half-way and give up our efforts and thus fail to reach the pinnacle of success. If we have the confidence in our efforts, there is nothing that can deter us from achieving. Sitting in front of Television and watching the shopping network channel, fascinating over the new-miracle making abs machine which promises you the six- pack abs only in 5 minutes of daily exercises, you think that product is heaven sent, so you grab your phone book the order and start dreaming about your perfect body. Two months later, that wonder abs machine is at the back of your master closet gathering dust. As you can see, you will have to do the work when reaching a goal and the success that comes with it.

You have to understand that you might have to make sacrifices during your journey and you need to put in the hours required in order to get where you want to reach. Those who sit pretty and just complain about the success of others are the ones who do not do much in life. Those who make continuous efforts for a long time in the right direction rarely lose in the struggle of life. So one important password for all of us to follow is that there is no short cut to success.

Project:

The life and work and inventions of Marie Curie are given in detail in the text. Go to your library or search on internet at least five famous scientists who have given great inventions to the world and write about them or prepare a chart showing the information about them.

Language Study:

1. Pick out the Prefixes and Suffixes from the following words and find the root word:

Question 1.
Pick out the Prefixes and Suffixes from the following words and find the root word:

Answer:

Word	Prefix	Suffix	Root Word
1. unattainable	un	able	attain
2. indomitable	in	able	–
3. disheartening	dis	ing	hearten
4. incalculable	in	able	calculate
5. disconsolate	dis	ate	console
6. ensuring	en	ing	sure

2. Say whether the Predicates in the sentences below contain Objects/Complements/Adverbials:

Question (A)
Say whether the Predicates in the sentences below contain Objects/Complements/Adverbials: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) Madame Curie discovered radium. – Object
(b) Pierre was knocked down. – Complement
(c) Pitchblende was expensive. – Complement
(d) The couple took a flat. – Object
(e) They moved cautiously, success came finally. – Adverbial

Question (B)
Pick out the Conjunctions in the following sentences and say whether they are Subordinators or Coordinators.
Answer:
(a) There are women who show extreme courage. – who – subordinator
(b) Pitchblende was an extremely expensive substance, so they could not afford to buy. – so-subordinator
(c) After her daily household work, Marie settled down to studv. – After-subordinator
(d) Marie wanted to study in Paris but her father could not afford it. – but-coordinator
(e) History is full of chapters that tell of extraordinary people! – that-subordinator

Live English!

Question (a)
What is Blogging?
Answer:
The term blog is short for web log. It is an online public diary which lists each diary entry in reverse order so that new diary entries are placed on the top of the page, and older entries are placed below. Each entry is called a post.

Question (b)
Who Blogs?
Answer:
Anyone can create a blog, if they have a basic understanding of the way the software works. There are privately owned blogs on individual webpages, which require a little knowledge about creating webpages, but there are also blog creation services which allow you to quickly and easily set up your own blog. You can add posts as often as you like, and can say almost anything that you want. Blogs are created for a lot of different reasons, and by many different people.

Question (c)
What Are Blogs About?
Answer:
There are many topics that a blog may contain, depending on who is updating it and why. Many blogs provide news or comment in response to a particular subject, like local news, politics or even hobbies. Food blogs are popular for people who want to share recipes, and many political activists and writers have blogs which are used to respond to current political topics. Many blogs also function as personal online diaries.

Question (d)
Blog Classification
Answer:
A blog is usually textual, based on news and commentary, although there are other types of blogs which are gaining popularity. Artlogs are blogs which focus on art, Photoblogs focus on photography, Sketch- blogs focus on sketching, and so on. There are also a few specialised types of blogs, including Vblogging or video blogging, and Podcasting or audio blogging.

Question (e)
Creating a Blog on the Internet
Answer:
If you have a good understanding of webpage design and development, you may be able to create your own blog on a personal website. Otherwise, your best option is to choose a website that does the setting up for you, so that all you have to do is join, customise a little and begin to write. There are many blog websites like www.livejournal.com, www.wordpress.com, www.blogger.com or www.blogs.myspace.com which will allow you to quickly and easily create your own blog. They also give you the option to set controls so that you can choose to allow only friends or only yourself to read them.

Question (f)
Blog Popularity
Answer:
Blogs are becoming more and more popular for many reasons. This is because they offer a wealth of information on a lot of different topics. They also drive traffic to websites by attracting new visitors with interesting blog column commentary. Blogs are a great tool because they allow anyone to express themselves on the Internet. If you are looking for a way to express yourself online, or to share information regarding a favourite subject of yours, beginning your own blog may be the best option for you because everyone has an opinion on the Internet, and soon everyone will have their own personal weblog too.

Now with the help of your teacher create your own Blog on one of the following given topics.

1. Your experiences and recently celebrated birthday party.
2. Your expectations from the school.
3. Describe the surroundings of your residence.
4. Describe a cultural programme/campaign/project conducted at your school.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.6 A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Write the importance of the years. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. 1867-Marie Curie was born.
2. 1895-Marie and Pierre got married.

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. Pitchblende is a black, very hard and cheap substance – False
2. Men could see many substances through the powerful rays of Uranium. – True
3. The emperor of Austria gifted a ton of pitchblende to the Curies – True
4. The Curies sacrificed all their luxuries of life to save money to buy pitchblende. – True

Name the following:

Question 1.
An admirer of the Curies.
Answer:
The emperor of Austria.

Question 2.
A black, very hard and expensive substance-
Answer:
Pitchblende.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What qualities do great achievers possess?
Answer:
Great achievers possess qualities like commitment, courage, dedication and singleness of
purpose in their effort.

Question 2.
What information do you get about Marie’s early life?
Answer:
Marie was born in a poor family. Her childhood dream was to study Science in Paris but her father could not afford the expenses for this. So she worked as a governess and saved a little money and went to Sorbonne, the University of Paris to study science. Thus she worked hard in her childhood to fulfil her dream.

Question 3.
What are the signs of poverty suffered by the young couple? ( wt WT oTFlcft?)
Answer:
The young couple was very poor indeed. They started their journey from a shabby laboratory. They took a flat in Paris which contained hardly any furniture. Marie used to work and settle down to study in laboratory in a wooden shed near their flat. It had a leaky skylight and an earthen floor. All these things are the signs of poverty suffered by the young couple.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Madame Curie dedicated her life to the cause of Science and to the welfare of humanity.
2. The qualities that great achievers possess are extraordinary courage, determination and singleness of purpose.
3. Marie Curie could not study Science in Paris and fulfil her childhood dream because her father could not afford the expenses of her studies.
4. Marie and Pierre set up a laboratory in a wooden shed near their flat.

Question 5.
What proves Marie’s strong will power?
Answer:
When the couple could not buy pitchblende which was an expensive substance they sacrificed all the luxuries of life to save money. They lived in extreme poverty. They could not buy costly food and warm clothes for extremely cold Parisian winter. They could not sleep due to lack of warmth. Marie refused to take rest whenever her husband begged her to give up the struggle. All the above incidents prove that Marie had a strong will power to achieve the aim of her life.

Question 6.
Why were the two new substances named Polonium and Radium?
Answer:
When Pierre and Marie found two new substances in their new discovery, she called one Polonium in honour of her country Poland and being the most powerful of the radioactive elements another was called “Radium”.

Question 7.
Which gift did she receive from the emperor of Austria? Why was it the most precious for them?
Answer:
Pitchblende is a very expensive substance which Pierre and Marie could not afford to buy in large quantity for their experiments. The emperor of Austria was an admirer of the Curies. So he gifted them a ton of pitchblende so that the Curies could carry out their experiments easily.

Question 8.
How is radium used in the medical field?
Answer:
The benefits of radium in the world of medicine are incalculable. It has been used with great effect in treatment of cancer. The bacteria of such diseases as typhus, cholera and anthrax can also be killed by radium so it was a great gift in the medical field.

Question 9.
How did Pierre meet with an early death?
Answer:
In 1906 Pierre was knocked down and killed by a horse – drawn wagon and thus met with an early death leaving Marie disconsolate.

Question 10.
What makes Marie Curie an exceptional scientist?
Answer:
When Marie and Perrie discovered Radium and Polonium they could have patented their discovery and become rich but Marie refused to do so and gave it free to the world and the world of medicine. She also believed that Radium belongs to the people not to her. She worked selflessly without expecting money. Her humanity and selflessness make Marie Curie an exceptional scientist.

Question 11.
Describe how Curies first sighted Radium. What was its colour?
Answer:
After continuing their work for more than four years on a September night, the Curies after a day’s tiresome work, went to the laboratory to have another look at the hundreds of small bowls into which they had poured filtered pitchblende. While moving forward in the dark laboratory they found rays of soft, bluish purple light coming from the small glass-covered bowls. Thus they sighted the Radium for the first time. Its colour was bluish purple.

Activity-based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find out the words from the passage which mean:

1. unbeatable
2. discouraging
3. hardly
4. illiteracy

Answer:

1. indomitable
2. disheartening
3. scarcely
4. ignorance

Question 2.
Find out antonyms for the following from the passage: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. economical × expensive
2. poverty × luxury
3. chill × warmth
4. worthless × precious

Question 3.
Write down the describing words used for the following nouns:

1. work
2. pitchblende
3. colour
4. desire.

Answer:

1. tiresome work
2. filtered pitchblende
3. beautiful colour
4. compulsive desire

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Her father could not afford the expenses of her education in Paris. (Make it affirmative.)
Answer:
Her father was unable to afford the expenses of her education in Paris.

Question 2.
Her life in the University was a disheartening experience in poverty and hunger. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
Her life in the University was not an encouraging/heartening experience in poverty and hunger.

Question 3.
Marie took a job as a governess and saved a little money. (Rewrite using ‘by’ + ing.)
Answer:
Marie saved a little money by taking a job as a governess.

Question 4.
Marie Curie’s childhood dream was to study science in Paris, but her father could not afford the j expense for this. (Rewrite using’Though’.)
Answer:
Though Marie Curie’s childhood dream was to study science in Paris, her father could not afford ; the expense for this.

Change the degree:

Question 1.
Pitchblende was the most precious gift the Curies had received.
Answer:
(a) Positive – No other gift the Curies had, received was as precious as pitchblende.
(b) Comparative – Pitchblende was more precious gift than any other gifts the Curies had received.

Question 2.
Pitchblende is one of the most expensive substances.
Answer:
(a) Positive – Very few substances are as expensive as pitchblende.
(b) Comparative – Pitchblende is more expensive substance than most other substances.

Change the voice:

Question 1.
In 1906, Pierre was knocked down by a horse – drawn wagon. (Begin the sentence with ‘A horse-drawn wagon’.)
Answer:
A horse-drawn wagon knocked down Pierre in 1906.

Question 2.
In 1911, Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize. (Begin the sentence with ‘They’)
Answer:
They awarded Marie the Nobel Prize in 1911.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe your favourite scientist.
Answer:
C.V. Raman who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 is my favourite scientist. He was the first Asian and first non-white to receive any Nobel Prize in Science. He was the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such as the tabla and the Mrudangam. He discovered that, when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength.

Question 2.
What qualities, do you think, are important to get success in our life?
Answer:
There are some key components of success without which we cannot succeed in our life. First our mindset-without a positive mindset the rest of these components won’t have as much power as they should. Staying focused on goal is also important. Besides it, dedication, discipline and determination are important factors to get success in our life.

Question 3.
Why are awards and prizes given to the people in different fields?
Answer:
An award or a prize is something given to a person, in recognition of his or her excellence in a certain field. It may also simply be a public acknowledgement of excellence. It boosts the j recipient’s confidence. It also encourages and inspires him/her to do better in his/her life. It also inspires other people in different fields to achieve something great.

Language Study:

1. Coordinators: Coordinators are words that join grammatically, equal units together. E.g., and, but, or, nor are the main Coordinators.

2. Subordinators: Words whose function is to establish an unequal grammatical relationship are called subordinators. that, for, who, whether, if, because, so. Dependent clauses Principal clause that, for, who, whether, if, because, so subordinate conjunctions (subordinators)

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:
Answer:

1. bre _ d – bread
2. b i _ t h – birth
3. la _ ge – large
4. p r i _ e – prize

Question 2.
Put these words in alphabetical order:
1. lifeless, hostile, endurance, progress
2. commitment, characterise, courage, costly
Answer:
1. endurance, hostile, lifeless, progress
2. characterise, commitment, costly, courage

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. do you remember the day when you told me that you wanted radium to have a beautiful colour marie said to her husband
2. she replied i am working for science radium belongs to the people not to me
Answer:
1. “Do you remember the day when you told me that you wanted radium to have a beautiful colour?” Marie said to her husband.
2. She replied, “I am working for science. Radium belongs to the people, not to me.”

Question 4.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word: ‘ incalculable’
Answer:

1. ill
2. call
3. able
4. cube

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word!
eat → t……….., ……………, ………….., …………….
Answer:
eat → take , extend , develop , paddle.

1. Attempt any one:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence of your own using the phrase: ‘to fight against ’
Answer:
Kailash Satyarthi has been fighting against child labour for the last several years.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully:
The history is the subject ………………. .
Answer:
The history is the subject which gives the narration of episodes happened in the past.

2. Attempt any one:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words :
1. ignore
2. dedicate
Answer:
1. ignorance
2. dedication

OR

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words :
1. ignore
2. dedicate
Answer:
1. Don’t ignore your parent’s advice.
2. Dedicate your life for poor; the father told his son.

Live English:

Blogging:

1. Terms – (Blogging)
2. Blog – Web log which is an online public diary.
3. Purpose – Anybody can create blog for any reason.
4. About – Function as personal online diaries
5. Types – Artlogs – Focus on art
6. Photologs – Focus on photography
7. Sketch – Focus on sketching
   blogging – Video blogging
8. Podcasting – Audio blogging
9. Creating – You can create your own blog on a personal website or any other websites like www.livejournal.com, www.wordpress.com, www.blogger. corn, www.blogs.rny-space.com
10. Popularity – Blogs allow anyone to express themselves on the Internet and it becomes popular if people like it.

Steps of creating blogs:

Starting a blog is the best way to share your Ideas and expertise online.
Follow the given steps to create your blog.

• Choose your blogging platform. (word press)
• Choose a Domain name. (www.yourblog.com)
• Sign up with Web Host and install Word Press (www.bluehost.com is good hosting provider)
• Sign up with a web hosting.
• Choose the hosting plan.
• Choose the domain name you want.
• Complete your registration.
• Install wordpress with one-click installation.
• Log into your new blog.
• Customizing and choosing a blog theme.
• Adding Post and Pages.
• Get Traffic and monetize your blog.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.1 Night of the Scorpion Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.1 Night of the Scorpion

Night Of The Scorpion Poem Questions And Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.1 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Night Of The Scorpion Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
Get into pairs and discuss the following with your partners and complete the table.
Many people are superstitious. This means that they have belief for which they have no logical reason.
An example of superstition is that – walking under a ladder brings bad luck.
In pairs, list any superstitions that you know of.

Superstition	What it implies
(1) Smashing a mirror (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)	Brings seven years of bad luck.

Answer:

Superstition	What it implies
(1) Walking under a ladder	Brings bad luck.
(2) Smashing a mirror	Brings seven years of bad luck.
(3) A black cat crossing your path	A bad omen.
(4) Twitching of the eye	Brings bad luck.
(5) Sweeping your house after sunset	Goddess Lakshmi will walk out.
(6) Going near a peepal tree at night	The ghosts will kill you.
(7) Putting a black dot on your child’s face	Will ward off the evil eye.

Night Of The Scorpion Questions And Answers Question 2.
Brainstorm what you know about Scorpions. Use the points given below.

Answer:

Night of the Scorpion Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Night Of The Scorpion Question 1.
After reading the poem, complete the following. What happens? There are three main parts of the poem. Do you know what they are about? The first one is done for you.

Lines	What is happening?
1-7	The scorpion comes into the home to escape the rain and stings the poet’s mother.
8-33
34-48

Answer:

Lines	What is happening
1-17	The scorpion comes into the house to escape the rain and stings the poet’s mother. It then braves the rain again. The peasants come when they hear the news and search for the scorpion. They click their tongues to show their disappointment. They say that with eveiy movement the scorpion makes, the poison moves in the victim’s blood.
18-33	The villagers sympathize with the mother and offer consolation in various ways. They sit round the floor with the mother in the centre. More neighbours came in to help, with more candles and more lanterns.
34-48	The father is desperate and though he is a rationalist, he tries all sorts of things to cure the mother. He calls a holy man to perform rites and even poured paraffin on the bitten toe and set fire to it. After twenty hours the scorpion loses Its sting. All that the mother says Is that she is thankful to God that the scorpion picked her and spared her children.

Night Of Scorpion Question Answers Question 2.
Complete the following tables.
(A)

Background/setting of the poem
Type	Evidence (Quote lines from the poem)
Rural/Urban	……………………………………….

Answer:

Background/setting of the poem
Type	Evidence (Quote lines from the poem)
Rural	(1) ‘The peasants came like swarms of flies’. (2) ‘and buzzed,the name of God a hundred times’. (3) To paralyse the evil one’. (4) ‘With candles and with lanterns’ (5) ‘on‘the mud-baked walls’ (6) ‘His poison moved in Mother’s blood, they said.’ (7) They sat around on the floor with my mother in the centre’ (8) More candles, more lanterns’. (9) groaning on a mat (10) trying every curse and blessing, powder, mixture, herb and hybrid (11) I watched the holy man perform his rites

(B)

Scorpion
Many images of the scorpion contrast in the opening lines of the poem. Find examples of each and add them to the columns below.
Timid	Dangerous
(1) hides …………………. (2) …………………. back	(i) Diabolic …………………. (ii) ………………….

Answer:

Scorpion
Timid	Dangerous
(1) Hides beneath a sack of rice	(1) Diabolic tail
(2) Is afraid of the people and goes back	(2) The Evil One
	(3) His poison moved in Mother’s blood

(C)

Imagery
Look at the description of the village peasants. What does the imagery suggest about them?
The Images	What images suggest
They came like swarms of flies.
They buzzed the name of God.
They threw giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.
They clicked their tongues.

Answer:

Imagery
The images	what the images suggest
1) They came swarms of flies.	(1) They came it very large numbers, a huge crowd of people moving towards the house, like a swarm of flies.
(2) They buzzed the name of God.	(2) They kept repeating the name of God softly and continuously, like the buzzing of bees.
(3) They threw giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.	(3) The lanterns they carried threw shadows on the walls, which looked like huge scorpion shadows to the frightened villagers.
(4) They clicked their tongues.	(4) They made sorrowful and frightening sounds with their tongues.

Night Of The Scorpion Question Answers Question 3.
Choose the correct alternative.

1. The child is afraid but admires …………………………
(a) the initiative of the peasants.
(b) his father trying every way to cure.
(c) the bravery of his mother.
Answer:
(c) the bravery of his mother

2. His father and the villagers panic and hastily suggest ………………………….
(a) to take her to the hospital.
(b) ayurvedic treatment.
(c) religious remedies to help.
Answer:
(c) religious remedies to help

3. The poet seems to see the villagers as impractical and almost irritating which suggests that …………………………
(a) the poet is critical of caste
(b) the poet is critical of religion
(c) the poet is critical of tradition.
Answer:
(c) the poet is critical of tradition

4. This is a ………………………… poem as it tells a story.
(a) reflective
(b) imaginative
(c) narrative
Answer:
(c) narrative

5. Using the first person gives the feeling that it is told from …………………………
(a) personal experience
(b) public experience
(c) private experience
Answer:
(a) personal experience

6. ‘The scorpion picked on me. And spared my children’ depicts …………………………
(a) mother’s bravery
(b) mother’s endurance
(c) selfless and unconditional love of mother.
Answer:
(c) selfless and unconditional love of a mother

7. The poem does not have a rhyme scheme, which means the poem is a perfect example of a …………………………
(a) Ballad
(b) Sonnet
(c) Free verse
Answer:
(c) free verse

8. The poem is titled ‘Night of the Scorpion’, for, the major part of the poem, …………………………
(a) the mother remains triumphant at the end.
(b) the scorpion is the victor.
(c) the father succeeds in curing the mother.
Answer:
(b) the scorpion is the victor

9. The peasants chant the name of God to …………………………
(a) nullify the stinging experience
(b) praise God.
(c) appease God.
Answer:
(a) nullify the stinging experience

10. The click of tongues reflects their ………………………… to the predicament.
(a) individual response
(b) collective response
(c) group response
Answer:
(b) collective response

Night Of The Scorpion Questions Question 4.
From the poem provide evidence for the following :

Stages	Evidence (lines from the poem)
(a) the attempts by the peasants to help alleviate the mother’s pain. (b) the action of these same peasants to kill the scorpion (c) the reaction of the rational father. (d) the various superstitions versus the ‘scientific’ (e) evil versus good.

Answer:

Stages	Evidence (lines from the extract)
(a) the attempts by the peasants to help alleviate the mother’s pain.	(1) The peasants came like swarms of flies’ (2) ‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One.’ (3) ‘With candles and with lanterns’
(b) the action of these same peasants to kill the scorpion.	(1) ‘they searched for him’ (2) ‘they clicked their tongues’
(c) evil versus good	‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One.’                                                ‘

Night Of Scorpion Question Answers Question 5.
Read the poem and complete the table showing the qualities of the father and mother giving sufficient evidences from the poem.

Qualities
Father	Mother

Answer:

Qualities
Father	Mother
sceptic, rationalist,  loving, desperate	patient, long-suffering, brave, self-sacrificing, selfless
Lines as evidence: My father, sceptic, rationalist, Trying every curse and blessing, Powder, mixture, herb and hybrid. He even poured a little paraffin Upon the bitten toe and put a match to it. I watched the holy man perform his rites to tame the poison with an incantation.	Lines as evidence : My mother twisted through and through, groaning on a mat. My mother only said Thank God the scorpion picked on me and spared my children.

Night Of The Scorpion Question Answers Question 6.
(A) Match the Figures of Speech with the correct definition.

Poetic Devices
Figure	Definition
(1) Metaphor (2) Alliteration (3) Onomatopoeia (4) Simile	(a) The use of the same sound at the beginning of words (b) An implied comparison. (c) A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’ (d) A word which resembles the sound it represents.

Answer:

Poetic Devices
Figure	Definition
(1) Metaphor (2) Alliteration (3) Onomatopoeia (4) Simile	(b) An implied comparison. (a) The use of the same sound at the beginning of words (d) A word which resembles the sound it represents. (c) A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’

(B) Find examples from the poem that contain :
Similie : …………………………
Metaphor : …………………………
Onomatopoeia : …………………………
Answer:
Similie: A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’
Metaphor: An implied comparison.
Onomatopoeia: A word which resembles the sound it represents.

Question 7.
Expand the flow chart in writing a paragraph in your own words.

Answer:
The poet’s mother is bitten by a scorpion and is in great agony. She fights the venom of the scorpion with the help of her husband and the villagers. She is unable to say anything, but only groans in pain. Finally, the poison is tamed after twenty hours. In the end, the mother thanks God that she has survived the ordeal, and that the scorpion had picked on her and spared her children.

Question 8.
The poet has used various kinds of imagery to create an image which appeal to our senses. Pick out various kinds of imagery and complete the table.

Visual imagery appealing to eyes	Tactile imagery (sense of touch)	Sound imagery	Internal sensations, feelings and emotions
(1) Scropion crawling beneath a sack of rice	(1) …………………………… …………………………… ……………………………	(1) buzzed the name of God	(1) fear
(2)	(2) Father pouring paraffin on the toe	(2) …………………………… …………………………… ……………………………	(2) ……………………………

Answer:

Visual imagery appealing to eyas	Tactile imagery (Sense of touch)	Sound imagery	Internal sensations, feelings and emotions
(1) Scorpion crawling beneath a sack of rice	(1) I watched the flame feeding on my mother	(1) buzzed the name of God	(1) fear
(2) With Candles and lanterns throwing giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.	(2) Father pouring paraffin on the toe	(2) They clicked their tongues	(2) pain

Question 9.
Write an appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format.
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)
The title of the poem : Night of the Scorpion’
The poet: Nissirn Ezekiel
Rhyme scheme : written In frcc verse without any rhyme scheme or mctrc
Figures of speech : Onomatopoeia, Metaphor, Alliteraüon, Sim Ile, Antithesis, etc.
Theme/Central idea : The poet depicts the selflessness and unconditional love of a mother who stung by a scorpion.

Paragraph Format
Thc poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ is written by Nissim Ezekiel. The poem is written in free verse without any rhyme scheme or metre. There are many figures of speech e.g. Onomatopoeia like ‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times’. Here, we feel we can actually hear the buzzing of the prayers of the many peasants. The other figures of speech are Metaphor. Alliteration. Simile. Antithesis, etc.

The theme of the poem is the sense of sacrifice shown by a devoted mother. Even as she suffers the pangs of a scorpion-bite, she thanks God for sparing her children from such an ordeal.

Question 10
Project
Prepare a Presentation (on paper or on a PC) as a piece of reference to other students. Make use of the following points.
(1) Title page
(2) Introduction of the poet
(3) The Complete poem (All 48 lines)
(4) Learning objectives

(5) Style of writing
(6) Scorpion lines (1-7)
(7) The peasants
(8) The poet’s father
(10) The poet’s mother
(11) Vocabulary
(12) Credits (positive aspects)

Question 11.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The scorpion was forced to take shelter in the poet’s house to …………………
(2) In line no. 3, the word ‘him’ refers to …………………
(3) To ‘paralyse the Evil One’ in stanza 3 means ………………….
(4) ‘They’ in stanza 4 refers to ………………….
Answer:
(1) escape the heavy rain.
(2) the scorpion.
(3) to stop the activity of the devil, the scorpion.
(4) the peasants M10 had come to help.

Question 12.
Explain why the poem begins with the poet \ remembering the night.
Answer:
The poem begins with the poet remembering | the night because the whole incident that is narrated in the poem was very memorable and took place in the night. It created a strong impression on the poet.

Question 13.
Write the reactions of the people when they knew that the mother was stung by a scorpion.
Answer:
When the people knew that the poet’s mother was stung by a scorpion:
(i) The peasants came in swarms to help.
(ii) They buzzed the name of God a hundred times.
(iii) They searched for the scorpion with candles and lanterns.
(iv) They clicked their tongues because he was not found.

Question 14.
Pick out an example of Simile from the extract.
Answer:
The peasants came like swarms of flies. The peasants are compared directly to swarms of flies, with the use of the word like’.

Question 15.
Pick out an example of Metaphor from the extract.
Answer:
to paralyse the Evil One’. The scorpion is Implicitly compared to the devil.

Question 16.
Pick out examples of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
(1) ‘and buzzed the name of God’
The word ‘buzzed’ indicates sound.

(2) ‘They clicked their tongues.’
The word ‘clicked’ indicates sound.

Question 17.
Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
(1) Parting with his poison-flash
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(2) of diabolic tail in the dark room
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘d’.

(3) throwing giant scorpion shadows.
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘s’.

Question 18.
Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘they searched for him: he was not found’ Words having opposite or contradictory meanings are used in the same line.

Question 19.
Write down the rhyming words from the stanzas for the following:
(i) fight
(ii) clash
Answer:
(i) fight-night
(ii) clash-flash.

Question 20.
Complete the following: The peasants consoled the mother, saying:
(1) the poison will burn away ………………………
(2) her suffering will decrease …………………….
(3) the evil in this world will be …………………………
(4) the poison will purify her …………………………..
Answer:
(1) the sins of her previous birth
(2) the misfortunes of her next birth
(3) diminished by her pain.
(4) flesh of desire and her spirit of ambition.

Question 21.
(a) Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract:
Answer:
(1) ‘May he sit still, they said’.
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘s’.

(2) ‘May the poison purify your flesh’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(b) Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘May the sum of all evil balanced in this unreal world against the sum of good’ Words having opposite meanings are placed close for contrast.

(c) Pick out an example of Repetition from the extract:
Answer:
‘More candles, more lanterns, more. neighbours’ Repetition of the word ‘more’ for emphasis.

Question 22.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The mother found relief …………………….
(2) All through the ordeal, the poet’s mother ………………..
Answer:
(1) after twenty hours.
(2) twisted and groaned in pain.

Question 23.
(1) Pick out an example of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
‘groaning on a mat’ The word ‘groaning’ indicates sound.

Question 24.
Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
(1) ‘powder, mixture, herb and hybrid’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘h’.

(2) ‘He even poured a little paraffin’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(3) ‘I watched the flame feeding on my mother’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘f.

Question 25.
Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘trying every curse and blessing’ Words having opposite meanings are placed close for contrast.

Question 26.
Pick out an example of Personification from the extract:
Answer:
‘I watched the flame feeding on my mother’ The flame is given the human quality of feeding.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.6 The Gift of the Magi Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.6 The Gift of the Magi

The Gift Of The Magi Questions and Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.6 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Question 1.
The moment you hear the word ‘Gift’, what feelings do you experience? Complete the web with those feelings.

Answer:

Gift Of Magi Questions And Answers Question 2.
‘Gifts’ need not be material gifts. They can be abstract and yet priceless. For example, favours, kindness, help in times of need etc.
Think of and enlist such unforgettable gifts given to you by :
(1) Parents/ Grand parents : ………………………………………..
(2) Siblings/ relatives : ………………………………………..
(3) Friends : ………………………………………..
(4) Strangers : ………………………………………..
Answer:
(1) love, kindness, etc.
(2) support, empathy, etc.
(3) loyalty, sympathy, etc.
(4) courtesy, help, etc.

Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Question 3.
Say whether the words underlined are infinitives/ participles or gerunds.
(1) The athletes wanted to take part in the running race.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to take – infinitive:
(b) running – participle

(2) Would you like to eat at the dinning table?
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to eat – infinitive;
(b) dining – participle

(3) Reading is good for the mind and soul. So take up reading books.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Reading – gerund;
(b) reading – gerund

(4) I like to eat fruits rather than eating sweets.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to eat – infinitive;
(b) eating – gerund

(5) Listening and speaking sharpen your language skills.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Listening – gerund;
(b) speaking-gerund

The Gift of the Magi Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Gift Of The Magi Answers Question 1.
Complete the following.
(a) Della had saved ………………………………………..
(b) Della wanted to buy ………………………………………..
(c) Della’s beautiful hair tell about ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) one dollar and eighty-seven cents.
(b) a Christmas present for Jim
(c) her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters.

The Gift Of The Magi Questions Question 2.
Answer the following questions:
(a) How much did Della save for Christmas ? What does it show ?
(b) Why did Della take pride in the beauty of her hair?
(c) Why and how did Della sell her hair? Do you think she did well ?
(d) Why did Jim sell his gold watch? Do you think he did well ?
(e) Why did Jim and Della want to present the gifts?
(f) Why did Della feel sad on losing her hair?
(g) What did Jim bring out from his coat? Describe the scene.
(h) How beautiful was the gold watch chain? Would you have liked to own it?
(i) How did the Magi want to celebrate their Christmas (OR) Who were the first people to give Christmas gifts ?
(j) What is the moral of the story?
Answer:
(a) Della saved one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Christmas. It shows that she was very poor.
(b) because Jim thought that she was pretty because of her hair.
(c) Della sold her lovely long hair to get money to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(d) She sold it to a woman who dealt in hair goods of all kinds. Yes, she did it willingly even though it was her prized possession.
(e) it was Christmas Eve, a time for giving gifts.
(f) it was very beautiful and her prized possession.
(g) Jim brought out a package from his coat.
(h) The watch chain was very beautiful. It was made of platinum, and simple and chaste in design. No, I would not have liked to own it, because I do not carry a watch that needs a chain. It is old-fashioned.
(i) The Magi wanted to celebrate their Christmas by exchanging gifts. They werejhe first people to give Christmas gifts.
(j) The moral of the story is that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts, and those who realize this fact are the wisest.

The Gift Of The Magi Question Answers Question 3.
Complete the following activity :
Map the problems and solutions in “The Gift of the Magi” on the diagram below. Two problems have already been filled in.

Answer:

The Gift Of Magi Solutions Question 4.
Read the following and answer.
(A) Say WHAT
(a) ……………………………….. troubled Della on Christmas Eve?
(b) ……………………………….. was the current family income?
(c) ……………………………….. could have outshone Queen of Sheba’s jewels?
(d) ……………………………….. was the cost of the fob chain?
(e) ……………………………….. sent Jim into a trance, on his return?
Answer:
(a) The next day was Christmas Day and Della had only one dollar and eighty-seven cents with which to buy Jim a present. She had spent a lot of time thinking about a good present for him. but with the money she had saved she would not get anything worthy of him. Hence, she was feeling disturbed.
(b) $20 per week.
(c) Della’s beautiful hair
(d) twenty-one dollars.
(e) Jim saw that Della had cut off her beautiful hair. It was seeing this that sent him into a trance.

(B) Say WHY
(a) ……………………………….. did Della sell her lovely long hair ?
(b) ……………………………….. was Della a bit apprehensive after she had sold her hair ?
(c) ……………………………….. did Jim avoid checking the time in his gold watch, in a public place?
(d) ……………………………….. did Della’s scream of joy change to loud wails ?
(e) ……………………………….. in the end, did Jim ask Della to put the chops on?
Answer:
(a) to get money to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(b) she was afraid of Jim’s reaction.
(c) the leather strap he used in place of a chain was old.
(d) Jim’s gift to Della was the set of tortoise shell combs that she had adored. She had craved and yearned for them, so that they could adorn her beautiful hair. When she opened the package and saw them, she was first ecstatic with joy that she had got what she had coveted; but her scream of joy turned to wails when she remembered that the beautiful hair they would have adorned was now cut off. The gift was hence useless.
(e) Jim knew that neither of them could use their Christmas gifts for the time being. Hence, he wanted to put them away and keep them for some time. He wanted to get back to daily life. Hence, he asked Della to put the chops on.

(C) Say WHEN
(a) ……………………………….. had Jim added ‘Dillingham’ as his middle name ?
(b) ……………………………….. did a tear or two drop on the old red carpet ?
(c) ……………………………….. did Della go through goods in the stores ?
(d) ……………………………….. did Della say a silent prayer to God ?
(e) ……………………………….. did Jim try to divert their attention for ten seconds, at least?
Answer:
(a) a former period of prosperity, when he was earning $30 per week.
(b) Della made up her mind to cut off her beautiful hair.
(c) she was searching for a suitable present for Jim.
(d) she heard Jim’s step on the stairway down on the first flight.
(e) Jim realized that Della was afraid of his reaction to her short hair. In order to console her, he probably hugged her and the narrator tries to divert our attention to something else, to give them privacy. It could also mean that the narrator is asking us to think about the importance of riches-how important is it to happiness.

The Gift Of The Magi Question Answer Question 5.
Complete Use the chart below to explain situational irony in ‘The Gift of the Magi’. For each character, identify what is expected to happen and what actually happens.

SITUATIONAL IRONY
What Della plans :	What actually happens
What Jim plans :	What actually happens :

Answer:

SITUATIONAL IRONY
What Della plans : To give Jim a wonderful Christmas gift in the form of a fob chain.	What actually happens : Jim cannot use Della’s gift of a fob chain for his watch because he has sold his watch to get her gift.
What Jim plans : To give Della a wonderful Christmas gift in the form of a set of tortoise shell combs.	What actually happens : Della cannot use Jim’s gift of combs because she has cut and sold her hair to get him his gift.

The Gift Of Magi Question Answer Question 6.
Complete the following activity.
Word List :
agile, cascade, coveted, instigate, prudence, assertion, chronicle, inconsequential, predominating, subside, gobbling.

Fill in each set of blanks with the correct word from the word list. The boxed letters will spell out something that Della receives.

1. A small waterfall
2. You wished greedily for something.
3. This describes something important.
4. You hope a loud siren will do this.
5. Troublemakers do this.

Answer:

(1) A small waterfall	CAS[C]ADE
(2) You wished greedily for something	C[O]VETED
(3) This describes something important	PREDO[M]INATING
(4) You hope a loud siren, will do this	SU[B]SIDE
(5) Troublemakers do this	IN[S]TIGATE

COMBS

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers For Class 6 Question 7.
Complete the following basic plot diagram :

Answer:

A Gift For Christmas 10th Class Question Answer Question 8.
Pick out from the story words that mean the following.
Against each consumer write (N) if it is a Noun (V) for Verb and (Adj) for Adjective.
(1) reluctance to spend money …………………………….. (  )
(2) relating to …………………………….. (  )
(3) urge …………………………….. (  )
(4) reduce in value …………………………….. (  )
(5) wisdom …………………………….. (  )
(6) very huge …………………………….. (  )
(7) foolishness …………………………….. (  )
Answer:
(1) reluctance to spend money …………………………….. (  )
(2) relating to …………………………….. (  )
(3) urge …………………………….. (  )
(4) reduce in value – depreciate ( Verb )
(5) wisdom – prudence ( Noun )
(6) very huge – mammoth ( Adjective )
(7) foolishness – idiocy (Noun)

The Gift Of Magi Question And Answers Question 9.
Think and answer on your own in a few sentences, in your notebook.
(a) What would you do if you ran short of money, to buy a birthday gift for one of your parents/siblings?
Answer:
If I ran short of money to buy a gift for one of my parents/siblings, I would borrow from someone else close to me. For example, if I wanted to buy a bag for my sister and fell short of money, I would ask my mother to lend it to me. If I wanted to buy something for Mom and did not have the money for it, I would borrow from dad.

(b) Think of two alternatives that could have prevented Della as well as Jim from selling their most precious possessions.
Answer:
Both knew that they were poor and couldn’t afford expensive gifts. So they could have just given each other small token gifts of flowers or cards. This would have prevented them from selling their most precious possessions.

(c) Justify the title of the story, ‘The Gift of the Magi’.
Answer:
The Magi were three wise men who brought gifts for baby Jesus during Christmas. They knew how to give and gave unique gifts with special emphasis. In the same way, Della and Jim gave each other unique gifts. The author compares their giving to the gifts the Magi gave to baby Jesus, ffe calls them tire ‘Magi’ because of their wisdom in realizing that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

(d) Gifts that you buy have fixed prices/ rates. How can the buyer increase the value of a gift bought for someone very dear in the family?
Answer:
The buyer can increase the value of a gift bought for someone very dear in the family by giving it with words of love and gratitude. He /She can also write something loving on a card and attach it to the gift.

(e) What situation is the climax of the story ? How does it end up as an Anticlimax?
Answer:
The climax should have been the happiness and joy on the faces of Jim and Della when they see their gifts. It ends up as an anti-climax because though they had got what they coveted, neither of them could now use the gifts.

(f) If you share this story with some friends in a junior class, how would they react in the end?
Answer:
They would probably just feel that all the sacrifice was wasted. They would not have realized the deeper meaning of the story.

(g) Who were the very first people to give Christmas gifts? What had inspired them to do so?
Answer:
The Magi visited Jesus after his birth to give gifts to honour him. The Magi wanted to celebrate their Christmas by exchanging gifts. They werejhe first people to give Christmas gifts.

(h) At the end of the story, O Henry remarks that of all who give gifts, Della and Jim were the wisest. Think and explain this paradoxial remark.
Answer:
Jim and Della were initially foolish enough to believe that they needed to give material gifts in order to show their love for one another and that they had to sacrifice their most precious possessions to do so. However, they were also wise enough to know later that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

The Gift Of Magi Question And Answer Question 10.
Pick out and rewrite the exact sentence which indirectly imply the following :
(a) Della was not too happy about bargaining for grocery etc.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one’s cheeks burned.

(b) The flat was in a dilapidated condition.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
It did not actually beggar description, but certainly had that word on the look out for the mendicancy squad.

(c) King Soloman would express his jealousy of Jim.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard with envy.

(d) Della spent a joyful time, for two hours.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
The next two hours tripped by on rosy wings.

(e) Della’s elated mood underwent a change as she opened her gift.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
An ecstatic scream of joy; and then alas! A quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails.

(f) The weekly income amount does not matter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called ‘Jim’ and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young.

The Gift Of The Magi Class 10 Question 11.
Frame wh-questions to get the underlined answers.
(1) Life is made up of sobs, sniffles and smiles.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
What is life made up of?

(2) Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Who had spent many a happy hour planning something nice for him?

(3) Her hair reached below her knee.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Where did her hair reach?

(4) She was ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
She has been ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.

(5) At 7 o’clock the coffee was made.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
When was the coffee made?

(6) The magi were wise men.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Who were the magi?

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Pdf Question 12.
(A) Add appropriate question tags.
(1) Della leaped up, …………………….?
(2) You’ll have to look at the time, ………………….?
(3) They were expensive combs, ………………..?
(4) I just had to do it, ……………………..?
(5) I am still pretty, ………………………..?
(6) Give it to me quick, …………………?
(7) There was clearly nothing to do,…………..?
(8) My hair grows so fast, …………………?
(9) Let’s put our Christmas presents away, ………………….?
(10) She had a habit for saying a silent prayer, ………………….. ?
Answer:
(1) Della leaped up, didn’t she?
(2) You’ll have to look at the time, won’t you?
(3) They were expensive combs, weren’t they?
(4) I just had to do it, didn’t I?
(5) I am still pretty, aren’t I?
(6) Give it to me quick, won’t you?
(7) There was clearly nothing to do, was there?
(8) My hair grows so fast, doesn’t it?
(9) Let’s put our Christmas presents away, shall we?
(10) of saying a little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things.

(B) Supply short answers (Pronoun + Auxiliary Verb)
Questions – Answers
(1) Don’t you like me ? Yes, ………………..
(2) Have you cut off your hair ? Yes, ………………..
(3) Shall I put the chops on ? Yes, ………………..
(4) Isn’t it a dandy ? Yes, ………………..
(5) Does it make difference ? No, ………………..
(6) Will you buy my hair ? No, ………………..
(7) Can you afford it ? No, ………………..
(8) Are you fooling me ? No, ………………..
Answer:
(1) Yes, I do.
(2) Yes, I have.
(3) Yes, you shall/can.
(4) Yes, it is.
(5) No, It doesn’t.
(6) No, I won’t.
(7) No, I can’t.
(8) No, I’m not.

The Gift Of The Magi Story Questions And Answers Question 13.
Pick out the infinitives/ gerunds/ participles from the following sentences and state what each one is.
(1) I want to see how it looks.
………………………………………………………….

(2) I don’t like frightening stories.
………………………………………………………….

(3) We decided to settle in Pune.
………………………………………………………….

(4) Playing sitar is Arjun’s hobby.
………………………………………………………….

(5) It was a horrifying experience for all of us.
………………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) to see – infinitive
(2) frightening – participle
(3) to settle – infinitive
(4) playing – gerund
(5) horrifying – participle

The Gift Of The Magi Solution Question 14.
List the signs that indicate that Della was very poor.
Answer:
The following things show us that Della was very poor:
(i) The house was a poorly furnished flat at $8 per week.
(ii) The couch was small and shabby.
(iii) In the vestibule below was a letter-box and an electric bell, both of which were not functioning.
(iv) The current family income was $20 per week.
(v) After a lot of bargaining and penny-pinching, Della had saved only one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Christmas.

The Gift Of Magi Questions And Answers Question 15.
Pick out from the passage words that mean the following, and state if it is a Noun, Verb or Adjective: (The answers are given directly and underline.)
Answer:

Phrase	Word From the passage	Part of Speech
(1) Reluctance to spend money	parsimony	Noun
(2) Relating to	appertaining	Verb
(3) Urge	coax	Verb
(4) provokes	instigates	Verb

The Gift Of The Magi Question And Answer Question 16.
Rearrange the letters given below to form sensible words:
(i) stedoih
(ii) eilpmid
(iii) teccirle
(iv) ectubrh.
Answer:
(i) stedom – modest
(ii) teccirle – electric
(iii) eilpmid – implied
(iv) ectubrh – butcher

Question 17.
Della counted the money thrice. Explain what you think the reason for this may be.
Answer:
Della had struggled and bargained a lot to save money. She had hoped that she had saved enough money to buy Jim a proper Christmas present. She could not believe that it was only 1 dollar and 87 cents. She probably counted the money thrice in the hope that it was actually more than that.

Question 18.
Write whether the following statements are True or False:
(1) Della wanted to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(2) There was a pier glass between the windows of the room.
(3) Jim now earned $30 per week.
(4) It was Christmas Eve.
Answer:
(1) True
(2) True
(3) False
(4) True

Question 19.
(1) Write the part of speech of each of the words given below:
(1) fairly accurate conception.
(ii) very agile person.
Answer:
(i) fairly-adverb
accurate – adj ective
conception – noun

(ii) very-adverb
agile-adjective
person-noun

Question 20.
Find from the passage the antonyms of the following words:
(1) common
(2) slow
(3) spending
(4) dully
Answer:
(1) common x rare
(2) slow x agile
(3) spending X saving
(4) dully x brilliantly

Question 21.
Rewrite the following sentence as an interrogative sentence: Twenty dollars a week doesn’t go far.
Answer:
Does twenty dollars a week go far?

Question 22.
Rewrite the following sentence beginning ‘Though ’: Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its colour.
Answer:
Though her eyes were shining brilliantly, her face had lost its colour.

Question 23.
Complete the following:
(1) The couple’s prized possessions were …………………………
(2) Della’s beautiful hair fell about ………………….
(3) Della felt sad on losing her hair because …………………….
Answer:
(1) Jim’s gold watch and Della’s beautiful hair.
(2) her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters.
(3) it was very beautiful and her prized possession.

Question 24.
Write the adjective forms of the following words and pick out those that are participles:
(1) possessions
(2) treasures
(3) envy
(4) sparkle
Answer:
(1) possessions – possessive
(2) treasures – treasured (past participle)
(3) envy – envious
(4) sparkle – sparkling (present participle)

Question 25.
Complete the following:
(a) The gift Della bought for Jim was ………………………
Answer:
(a) a platinum fob chain.

Question 26.
Explain why Della looked at her reflection critically.
Answer:
Della had cut off her beautiful hair, which Jim had loved. She was worried about his reaction to her short hair, and to make it look better she had curled her newly-cut hair. She looked at her reflection critically hoping that Jim would like it.

Question 27.
Pick out 4 adverbs of manner from the passage.
Answer:
properly, wonderfully, carefully, critically.

Question 28.
Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer: She was ransacking the store for Jim’s present.
Answer:
Why was she ransacking the store?

Question 29.
Rewrite the following sentence using ‘No sooner., than..’: As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim’s.
Answer:
No sooner did she see it, than she knew that it must be Jim’s.

Question 30.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Jim stared at Della ………………….
(b) Della took pride in the beauty of her hair ………………….
Answer:
(a) because she had cut off her hair.
(b) because Jim thought that she was pretty because of her hair.

Question 31.
Complete the web with words to describe Jim.
Answer:

Question 32.
Pick out two words from the passage formed by using prefixes:
Answer:
immovable, disapproval.

Question 33.
Match the adjectives in column ‘A’ with the nouns in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) new	(a) prayer
(2) silent	(b) overcoat
(3) first	(c) expression
(4) peculiar	(d) flight

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) new	(b) overcoat
(2) silent	(a) prayer
(3) first	(d) flight
(4) peculiar	(c) expression

Question 34.
Give your opinion: ‘It is important to give gifts.’
Answer:
Yes, it is. When you give gifts, you show your love and affection for the person. You also show that you have remembered the occasion-maybe a birthday or an anniversary. However, the gift should be thoughtfully chosen, keeping the likes and dislikes of the receiver in mind.

Question 35.
Put the following statements in the correct order of occurrence:
(1) “If you’ll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first.”
(2) “It’s Christmas Eve, boy.”
(3) “Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow?”
(4) “It’s sold, I tell you.”
Answer:
(3) “Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow?”
(4) “It’s sold, I tell you.”
(2) “It’s Christmas Eve, boy.”
(1) “If you’ll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first.”

Question 36.
Give reason: Della asked Jim to be good to her.
Answer:
Della asked Jim to be good to her for she had cut off her hair for his sake.

Question 37.
Complete the following:
This conversation took place on ………………….
Answer:
Christmas Eve.

Question 38.
Complete the following table:
Answer:

Noun	Adjective	Adverb
(1) labour	laborious	laboriously
(2) idiocy	idiotic	idiotically
(3) discretion	discreet	discreetly
(4) curiosity	curious	curiously

Question 39.
(1) Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table. (Rewrite beginning ‘Drawing….’.)
(2) The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. (Rewrite beginning ‘Though ’.)
Answer:
(1) Drawing a package from his overcoat pocket, Jim threw it upon the table.
(2) Though the magi brought valuable gifts, that was not among them.

Question 40.
(1) The gift Jim had brought for Della was ………………………
(2) The beautiful present flashed with ……………………
(3) Jim and Della wanted to present the gifts because ………………….
Answer:
(1) a set of beautiful, pure tortoise shell combs, with jewelled rims.
(2) a reflection of Della’s bright and ardent spirit.
(3) it was Christmas Eve, a time for giving gifts.

Question 41.
Jim wanted to put the Christmas presents away and get back to daily life.
Answer:
And now, suppose you put the chops on.

Question 42.
Describe the scene when Della opened the package that Jim gave her.
Answer:
Della opened the package that Jim had given her with nimble fingers. She first gave an ecstatic scream of joy, which soon changed to hysterical tears and wails. Jim had to immediately comfort and soothe her. However, she hugged the gift lovingly to her bosom.

Question 43.
why Jim sold his gold watch. Do you think he did it willingly?
Answer:
Jim sold his gold watch to buy a Christmas gift for Della. Yes, he did it willingly, even though it was his prized possession.

Question 44.
why Jim and Della are referred to as the Magi.
Answer:
Jim and Della are referred to as the Magi because first each willingly sacrificed his/her prized possession for the sake of the loved one. Then they wisely realized that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

Question 45.
Pick out from the story the word that means the following, and state if it is a Noun, Verb or Adjective: sought after
Answer:
sought after – coveted (Adjective)

Question 46.
Fill in the blanks with words from the passage that are the opposites of the underlined words: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Something that is not ……………………..
(2) Something that is not ………………
(3) Men who are not ……………….. are ………………..
(4) Something that is not ………………… is ………………
Answer:
(1) cheap is expensive.
(2) bright is dull.
(3) foolish, wise.
(4) hated, worshipped.

Question 47.
(1) Pick out two compound words from the lesson.
(2) Pick out a gerund from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(3) Punctuate: youve cut off your hair asked jim laboriously
(4) Find out five hidden words from the given word: ornamentation
(5) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: on the corner of the table
(6) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: Jim be never late.
(7) Identify the type of sentence: Isn’t it a dandy. Jim?
(8) Arrange the following in alphabetical order: Christmas, cheeks, chaste, chain, chops, coveted
(9) Complete the word chain of animal names: duck, k……., o……., h……., e……. .
Answer:
(1) backyard, letter-box
(2) saying: He had the habit of saying cruel things with a smile on his face.
(3) “You’ve cut off your hair?” asked Jim, laboriously.
(4) ornamentation: ornament, remain, mentor, meant, rotate
(5) The little boy sat on the corner of the table.
(6) Jim was never late.
(7) Interrogative and negative.
(8) chain, chaste, cheeks, chops, Christmas, coveted
(9) duck, kangaroo, ostrich, hare, elephant.

Question 48.
“You say your hair is gone?” he said, with an air almost of idiocy. (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
He asked her, with an air of almost idiocy, whether she said that her hair was gone.

Question 49.
(1) Use the following word as a verb and a noun in two separate sentences: look
(2) Use the given two words in a single sentence of your own: reflection, terrified
Answer:
(1) (i) “Look to your left and right before crossing the road,” said the policeman, (verb)
(ii) The woman gave the shopkeeper an angry look, (noun)
(2) The lion was terrified when it saw its reflection in the water.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.2 The Night I Met Einstein Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.2 The Night I Met Einstein

The Night I Met Einstein Questions And Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.2 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Night I Met Einstein Questions And Answers Question 1.
With your bench-mate prepare a profile of Albert Einstein.
ALBERT EINSTEIN

• Profession : ………………………………….
• Field of Science : ………………………………….
• World-famous theory proposed : ………………………………….
• Awards : ………………………………….
• Disability in childhood : ………………………………….
• Books wrote: ………………………………….

Answer:
ALBERT EINSTEIN

• Profession : Scientist
• Field of Science : Theoretical Physics
• World famous theory proposed : Theory of Relativity
• Awards : Nobel Prize in Physics (1921), Copley j Medal by the Royal Society (1925), Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926), Max Planck medal of the German Physical Society (1929), Prix Jules Janssen (1931)
• Disability in childhood : Dyslexia (Asperger’s Syndrome, Autism)
• Books written :
  • The World as I see it
  • Relativity : The Special and the General Theory
  • The Evolution of Physics
  • The Meaning of Relativity
  • Einstein’s Essays in Science
  • Einstein on Peace
  • Why War?
  • Essays in Humanism

The Night I Met Einstein English Workshop Question 2.
Look at the picures of musical instruments and write their names; what the player of the instrument is called and a famous player of the instrument.

Answer:

The Night I Met Einstein Pdf Questions And Answers Question 3.
Separate the words in the columns they belong to.
(chorus, ballet, melody, swar, kathak, raga, salsa, symphony, mudra, serenade, choreography, tune, audience, tango, allegro, duet, odissi, choir, concert, performance, hip-hop)

Music	Common to both arts	Dance

Answer:

Music	Common to both arts	Dance
chorus	salsa	ballet
melody	audience	kathak
swar	concert	mudra
raga	performance	tango
symphony		odissi
serenade		hip-hop
tune		choreography
allegro
duet
choir

The Night I Met Einstein Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Night I Met Einstein Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
(a) The narrator was not happy about the concert because …………………………………….. .
(b) When the narrator turned to look at his neighbour, he …………………………………….. .
(c) Einstein was surprised to hear that …………………………………….. .
(d) The narrator’s memory has an image of Einstein as …………………………………….. .
(e) The greatest act towards human beings is …………………………………….. .
Answer:
(a) he did not understand classical music.
(b) he saw a very famous face with a shock of white hair and a pipe.
(c) the narrator had never heard any of Bach’s music and did not know anything about him.

Question 2.
Who said to whom?

Statement	Who	To whom	Effect on the listener
“We are going to listen to a very good pianist.”
“I do not know anything about Bach.”
“You are not tone-deaf.”
“Just allow yourself to listen that’s all there is to it”

Answer:

Statement	Who	To Whom	Effect on the listener
“We are going to listen to a very good pianist.”	The hostess	The narrator	not very happy
“You’re fond of Bach?”	A guest at the party (Albert Einstein)	The narrator	wanted to say something ordinary to get out of the situation
“You are not tone deaf.”	Albert Einstein	The narrator/writer	The listener tried to justify himself
“Just allow yourself to listen. That’s all there is to it.”	Einstein	the narrator	The listener was able to appreciate the concert and clap sincerçy.

Question 3.
List all the words from the story related to ‘Music’.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
concert, pianist. classical music, tone-deaf, piece, Bach, gramophone, song, tune, Bing Crosby, John McCormack. The Trumpeter.

Question 4.
Rewrite the following sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form.
(to get out of, to come up, to turn on, to give in, to get into, to come down, to work out, to turn off, to give off, to give out, to work in)
(a) He ………………………….. bed and ………………………….. the living room, to see if the door was closed.
(b) To enjoy the music and relax, he ………………………….. the music and ………………………….. the lights.
(c) Smita ………………………….. to her desire and ………………………….. her favourite toys to the poor.
(d) You should ………………………….. Mathematics so that you can ………………………….. problem.
Answer:
(a) got out of, came down
(b) turned on, turned off
(c) gave In, gave off
(d) get into, work out

Question 5.
(A) Give two points of difference between :

Instrumental Music	Vocal Music
(1)
(2)

Answer:

Instrumental Music	Vocal Music
(1) Instruments are used.	The voice (vocal cords) are used.
(2) Some part of the body is used as a medium to produce the sound, but the final sound is produced by the instrument.	Some parts of the body aid the production of sound (e.g., lungs, vocal tract, etc.), but the final sound emerges through the mouth.
(3) The output of the instrument is more or less of the same type, although the way the musician plays can give it an individualistic flavour.	Individual voices vary from the very low bass to the very high tenor. Hence the output varies and is very individualistic.
(4) An instrument can hardly be expected to sound like a voice (although some musicians try).	The voice can be used to imithte the sound of an instrument.

(B)

Light music	Classical music	Folk music

Answer:

Light music	Classical music	Folk music
(1) Pleasant to hear (2) Does not demand any great attention or effort from the listener (3) Could be from any genre.	(1) Based on discipline (2) Strict rules of rhythm and patterns	(1) Comes from the heart (2) Voices popular emotion s (3) No strict rules

Question 6.
Prepare a word list of occupations in alphabetical order from the letters A upto T. (You may skip ‘K’ and ‘Q’)

Answer:
Actor – Banker – Carpenter
Driver – Engineer – Farmer
Gardener – Hairdresser – Inspector
Jockey – Keyboardist – Labourer
Musician – Neurosurgeon – Optician
Painter – Quarryworker – Radiologist
Singer – Tailor – Upholsterer
Vendor – Walter – Zoologist

Question 7.
Rewrite the following in indirect narration.
(a) ‘‘You are not tone-deaf’’, he said to me.
(b) ‘‘Could you have done it?’’, said Einstein.
(c) ‘‘Sing that back’’, he ordered me.
(d) He said, ‘‘What kind of music do you like?’’
(e) ‘‘I’m so sorry, Dr. Einstein’’, she said.
Answer:
(a) He told me that I was not tone-deaf.
(b) Einstein asked whether (if) I could have done it.
(c) He ordered me to sing that back.
(d) He asked what kind of music I (the narrator) liked.
(e) She told Dr Einstein that she was very sorry.

Question 8.
(A) Degrees of Comparison (Positive / Comparative / Superlative) Insert the appropriate expressions, choosing from those given after each sentences, for the positive degree.
(1) I am not ……………………………. my friend.
(taller than/ more taller/just as tall as)

(2) They are ……………………………. their neighbours.
(as helpful as/most helpful/more helpful)

(3) No other desert in Africa is ……………………………. the Sahara Desert.
(biggest of all/nearly so big as/bigger as)

(4) Very few animals in the wild are ……………………………. an elephant.
(exactly huger than/exactly as huge as/hugest than)

(5) Some snacks are ……………………………. a pizza.
(at least as tasty as/tastier as/most tasty as)
Answer:
(1) as tall as
(2) as helpful as
(3) nearly as big as
(4) exactly as huge as
(5) at least as tasty as

(B) Change the Degree of Comparision, as directed and rewrite without changing the meaning.
(1) No one in the class is as brilliant as Tanvi. (Superlative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Tanvi is the most brilliant one in class.

(2) A diamond is one of the most precious of all stones. (Comparative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
A diamond is more precious than most other stones.

(3) Her handwriting is better than that of her sister. (Positive)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Her sister’s handwriting is not as good as hers.

(4) Jupiter is the largest of all planets. (Comparative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Jupiter is larger than any other planet.

(5) He is not the greatest of all leaders. (Positive)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
He is not as great as some of the other leaders.

(6) This painting is better than any other painting in the palace. (Superlative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
This is the best painting in the palace.

Question 9.
Prepare a word chain.

Answer:

Question 10.
Pick out words that refer to the following:
(1) A musical performance in public …………………………….
(2) A lady who invites and looks after guests …………………………….
(3) A device used to play recorded music …………………………….
(4) One who is poor at deciphering musical notes …………………………….
(5) Boundaries or limits of a field …………………………….
Answer:
(1) concert
(2) hostess
(3) gramophone
(4) tone-deaf
(5) frontiers

Question 11.
‘Music is the medicine of the mind’. Narrate an experience that leads to the above conclusion. Write it in your own words, in
your notebook.
Answer:
Music is the medicine of the mind Music is good therapy. It is particularly effective because it registers on multiple sites of the brain. This means that even if the brain is very badly affected by a stroke or illness, there are s^till parts of the brain that recognise music.

I remember how upset all of us were when Grandfather suffered a stroke. The left side of his body and almost all of his face were affected. The once great and active Grandpa now lay still on the bed and had to be fed through a tube going down his nostrils. Little Rani could not stop weeping.

Grandfather had once presented me with a mobile phone. He knew my love for music and had told me I could download my favourite songs and create a playlist and listen to them whenever I wanted to.

I would sit by Grandfather’s bed whenever I was at home and had finished my studies and play the songs and listen to them.

One evening, to my surprise, I saw a shadow of a smile beginning to appear on Grandpa’s face. At first I couldn’t believe it. Then it became more definite and prominent. Grandpa was actually smiling!

I called Mom and Dad and Rani and everyone to see. Yes, Grandpa was indeed smiling. The music had reached out to him and had drawn out a response from him.

That was one of the happiest moments during his illness.

Question 12.
You will come across many famous personalities in the story. Go to library or search on internet the following names and write a few lines about the personalities given below.
(a) Albert Einstein
(b) Johann S. Bach
(c) Bing Crosby
(d) John McCormack
Answer:
(a) The last line tells us that Einstein believes in making others understand the joy there is in knowing the beauty that is all around us.
(b) Einstein then made him hear a little more advanced song by John.
(c) Two singers mentioned in the passage are : Bing Crosby
(d) The singer whose song was more advanced was : John McCormack

Question 13.
Imagine you are the monitor of the class. You are asked to conduct an interview of a famous scientist who is in your city/village. Frame 8 to 10 interview questions with the help of the following points.
(1) Early life and education
(2) Interest for this particular field
(3) Any inspirational incident that occurred in his/her life
(4) Guru or mentor
(5) Inventions and awards
(6) Future plans
(7) Advice/Message to youngsters
Answer:
Interview questions to be asked to the scientist :
(1) Good morning, Sir. I ani prMleged to interview an eminent scientist like you. Sir, could you tell me about your early life and education?
(2) Apart from science were there any other subjects that Interested you in school or college?
(3) Is there any specific incident you can mention that Inspired you to go ahead and achieve greatness?
(4) Who would you say was your Guru or mentor?
(5) Sir, could you give us a brief idea about your Inventions?
(6) WhIch awards have you received?
(7) Sir, what are your future plans?
(8) What advice do you have for the youngsters of today?

Question 14.
Project :
Divide the class into four groups. Collect pictures or draw images of various musical instruments, of the following categories.
(a) Stringed Instruments (Guitar)
(b) Wind Instruments (Flute)
(c) Percussion Instruments (Tabla)
(d) Solid Metal Instruments (Cymbals)
Paste and decorate pictures on separate sheets of paper. Give proper headings and names. Compile into a file with a cover and suitable file-title.

Question 15.
Complete the following sentences :
(a) The entertainment arranged-for by the hostess was a concert where everyone ……………………..
Answer:
(a) would listen to a very good pianist.

Question 16.
What was the writer’s reaction to classical music?
Answer:
The writer did not understand classical music.

Question 17.
Rewrite the following sentences using the phrases given in the brackets : (to pay attention to, to be fond of, to get out of shock of hair)
(a) Sachin ………………….. of playing cricket.
(b) The teacher asked her students ………………….. their studies.
(c) The rabbit trapped in the snare was trying to ……………….. it.
(d) He moved and I saw a ………………….. gleaming in the sun.
Answer:
(a) was fond
(b) to pay attention to
(c) get out of
(d) shock of hair

Question 18.
Write one word for :
(a) a man who helps the poor by giving them money
(b) one who plays the piano
Answer:
(a) philanthropist
(b) pIanist

Question 19.
Chairs were being arranged. (Change to the active voice.)
Answer:
They were arranging chairs.

Question 20.
I heard a gentle, but firm, voice saying, “You’re fond of Bach?” (Rewrite using the indirect form of narration.)
Answer:
I heard a gentie, but firm voice asking if (whether) I was fond of Bach.

Question 21.
I heard everyone clapping, so I realised that the piece was over. (Rewrite using ‘when/because’.)
Answer:
I realized that the piece was over when/because I heard everyone clapping.

Question 22.
Have you ever attended a concert? Write a few lines about it.
Answer:
Yes, I have’ attended a concert of Justin Bieber. It was so exciting to see my favourite popstar live on stage and to hear him singing my favouritesongs. It was quite ecstatic to be part of a crowd that were equally enthusiastic fans.

Question 23.
Write True or False for the statements :
(a) The narrator had heard of Bach.
(b) The narrator’s answer displeased Einstein.
(c) The upper room had a gramophone.
(d) The narrator liked the kind of music where he could follow the words.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False

Question 24.
Complete the following sentences : (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) The narrator could not understand music because …………………..
Answer:
(a) he was tone-deaf.

Question 25.
How were Einstein and the writer different in the way they listened to music?
Answer:
Einstein was used to listening to classical music, whereas the writer preferred songs that had words and the kind of music where he could follow the tune. Einstein had a keen ear for music, but the writer was tone-deaf and so could not understand music.

Question 26.
I’m not able to. (Rewrite using a modal auxiliary.)
Answer:
I cannot.

Question 27.
State what the underlined modal auxiliaries indicate :
(a) I must tell this man the truth.
(b) You can give me an example, perhaps?
Answer:
(a) compulsion – obligation
(b) formal request.

Question 28.
What do you learn from Einstein’s treatment of the young man?
Answer:
From Einstein’s treatment of the young man, we learn that Einstein expected others to be truthful. He questioned the young man and managed to persuade him into trying to understand another point of view. This shows Einstein as a man who gave importance to the perceptions of others, but at the same time, was quite persistent about his own viewpoint. Being a man of science, he liked to use the question-answer method to put across his point of view.

Question 29.
Complete the following :
(a) The writer thought that the simplest answerwas ……………………
Answer:
(a) to sing the lines back to him.

Question 30.
How did Einstein help the narrator appreciate music?
Answer:
Einstein made the narrator first hear Bing Crosby, who sang popular songs. The narrator was able to sing the lines back to Einstein. This was because he had heard it hundreds of times before. Not stopping at this, Einstein then made him hear a little more advanced song by John McCormack. Thus they went from lower level to higher level. In this way, Einstein helped the narrator to appreciate higher forms of music.

Question 31
Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form : (in order to, to get into, to work out)
(a) You should ……………………. Mathematics so that you can ………………. problems.
(b) He read the passage two or three times in ……………. understand it.
Answer:
(a) get Into, work out
(b) order to

Question 32.
The simplest answer seemed to be to sing the lines. So I sang it back to him.
Answer:
The simplest answer seemed to be to sing the lines. So I sang it back to him.

Question 33.
Add question tags:
(a) It proves everything.
(b) It’s like learning maths.
(c) Sing that back.
Answer:
(a) It proves everything, doesn’t it?
(b) It’s like learning maths, isn’t it?
(c) Sing that back, will you?

Question 34.
(1) What do you learn from Einstein’s treatment of the young man?
Answer:
From Einstein’s treatment of the young man we learn how patient and polite Einstein was. We come to know that he was a very good teacher, moving step by step in attempting to teach the young man to appreciate classical music. Also by using a comparison from maths and the question and answer method, Einstein comes across as a true scientist.

Question 35.
Do you think the comparison between music and arithmetic was a good one? In what way?
Answer:
Yes, I think that the comparison between music and arithmetic was a good one because music too involves timing, rhythm and beats that require some mathematical knowledge. Also Einstein showed how when we are taught arithmetic, we begin with the simple and then move on to the complicated. It is the same thing with music. From music with words – which is within the grasp of the average listener, Einstein progressed to music without words – which is what classical music is all about.

Question 36.
Choose the correct alternatives and fill in the blanks:
(1) Whenever the narrator hears the piece of Bach, he remembers ………………… (Einstein/the hostess)
(2) The hostess was …………. with the narrator. (happy/angry)
(3) Finally, the narrator …………….. the concert. (enjoyed/did not enjoy)
(4) Einstein was …………… with the narrator. (pleased/displeased)
Answer:
(1) Einstein
(2) angry
(3) enjoyed
(4) pleased

Question 37.
Complete the following:
(a) The narrator’s memory has an image of Einstein as …………………………
(b) The greatest act towards human beings is ……………………..
Answer:
(a) a small man with a shock of untidy hair and a pipe in his mouth.
(b) opening up the frontiers of beauty.

Question 38.
What does the last line tell you about Einstein?
Answer:
The last line tells us that Einstein believes in making others understand the joy there is in knowing the beauty that is all around us.

Question 39.
(1) Choose the correct meaning in the context of the passage:

(i) down:
(a) southwards
(b) downstairs
(c) soft feathers
Answer:
(b) down – downstairs

(ii) piece:
(a) a thing
(b) an example of artistic workmanship
(c) musical composition
Answer:
(c) piece – musical composition.

Question 40.
Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form: (to open up, to turn on, to turn off)
(a) His new discovery is …………………. new areas of research in digital technology.
Answer:
(a) opening-up

Question 41.
Write from the passage words that sound the same as:
(a) grate
(b) knew
(c) their
(d) peace
(e) sew
(f) two.
Answer:
(a) great
(b) new
(c) there
(d) piece
(e) so
(f) to.

Question 42.
Pick out from the passage words that refer to:
(a) an unfriendly expression on the face: ………………..
Answer:
(a) a cold look

Question 43.
I was the most important person in the world. (Rewrite in the comparative and positive degree.)
Answer:
(a) I was more important than any other person in the world. (Comparative)
(b) No other person in the world was as important as I was. (Positive)

Question 44.
Why, do you think, did the lady look ‘puzzled’?
Answer:
The lady believed that listening to classical music was the highest form of human activity. Einstein did not stay to listen. Instead he took the narrator to the next room and played songs on the gramophone. Through his efforts he was able to make the narrator really appreciate classical music. For Einstein, opening the minds of others to the appreciation of beauty was the highest form of human activity. This viewpoint ‘puzzled’ the lady.

Question 45.
(1) Write two compound words from the lesson.
(2) Identify the type of sentence: Please come with me.
(3) Punctuate the sentence: can you give me an example perhaps he said
(4) Write the hidden words in the given words: understand
(5) Frame a sentence using given the phrase: in order to
(6) Pick out the gerund and use it in your own sentence: It’s like learning maths.
(7) Spot the error and correct the sentence: I was hear everyone is clapping.
(8) Write the present and past participles of the given verbs: clap, rot.
Answer:
(1) anything, everything
(2) Imperative sentence
(3) “ Can you give me an example, perhaps?” he said.
(4) under, stand, sand, rest
(5) In order to succeed, one must work hard.
(6) gerund: learning Sentence: She is interested in learning French.
(7) I heard everyone clapping.
(8) clapping, clapped; rotting, rotted.

Question 46.
(1) The word ‘kind’ has two different meanings. Write sentences to bring out the two meanings.
(2) Rewrite the following sentence using the underlined verb in the present perfect continuous tense : Can you tell me what you just heard?
(3) I must tell this man the truth. (Rewrite beginning ‘This man…’)
Answer:
(1) (a) This was a different kind of music that he had never heard before, (a group of things having the same characteristics)
(b) The old lady was kind to the little children in the neighbourhood, (generous or considerate)
(2) Can you tell me what you have just been hearing?
(3) This man must be told the truth. (by me)

Question 47.
(1) Change to the positive degree of comparison. He was one of the kindest persons I ever met.
(2) Use the word ‘face’ as a noun as well as a verb in sentences.
Answer:
(1) Not many people I had ever met were as kind as he was.
(2) (a) He has an aristocratic face. (noun)
(b) Let us face the danger together.