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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.1 Night of the Scorpion Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.1 Night of the Scorpion

Night Of The Scorpion Poem Questions And Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.1 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Night Of The Scorpion Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
Get into pairs and discuss the following with your partners and complete the table.
Many people are superstitious. This means that they have belief for which they have no logical reason.
An example of superstition is that – walking under a ladder brings bad luck.
In pairs, list any superstitions that you know of.

Superstition	What it implies
(1) Smashing a mirror (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)	Brings seven years of bad luck.

Answer:

Superstition	What it implies
(1) Walking under a ladder	Brings bad luck.
(2) Smashing a mirror	Brings seven years of bad luck.
(3) A black cat crossing your path	A bad omen.
(4) Twitching of the eye	Brings bad luck.
(5) Sweeping your house after sunset	Goddess Lakshmi will walk out.
(6) Going near a peepal tree at night	The ghosts will kill you.
(7) Putting a black dot on your child’s face	Will ward off the evil eye.

Night Of The Scorpion Questions And Answers Question 2.
Brainstorm what you know about Scorpions. Use the points given below.

Answer:

Night of the Scorpion Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Night Of The Scorpion Question 1.
After reading the poem, complete the following. What happens? There are three main parts of the poem. Do you know what they are about? The first one is done for you.

Lines	What is happening?
1-7	The scorpion comes into the home to escape the rain and stings the poet’s mother.
8-33
34-48

Answer:

Lines	What is happening
1-17	The scorpion comes into the house to escape the rain and stings the poet’s mother. It then braves the rain again. The peasants come when they hear the news and search for the scorpion. They click their tongues to show their disappointment. They say that with eveiy movement the scorpion makes, the poison moves in the victim’s blood.
18-33	The villagers sympathize with the mother and offer consolation in various ways. They sit round the floor with the mother in the centre. More neighbours came in to help, with more candles and more lanterns.
34-48	The father is desperate and though he is a rationalist, he tries all sorts of things to cure the mother. He calls a holy man to perform rites and even poured paraffin on the bitten toe and set fire to it. After twenty hours the scorpion loses Its sting. All that the mother says Is that she is thankful to God that the scorpion picked her and spared her children.

Night Of Scorpion Question Answers Question 2.
Complete the following tables.
(A)

Background/setting of the poem
Type	Evidence (Quote lines from the poem)
Rural/Urban	……………………………………….

Answer:

Background/setting of the poem
Type	Evidence (Quote lines from the poem)
Rural	(1) ‘The peasants came like swarms of flies’. (2) ‘and buzzed,the name of God a hundred times’. (3) To paralyse the evil one’. (4) ‘With candles and with lanterns’ (5) ‘on‘the mud-baked walls’ (6) ‘His poison moved in Mother’s blood, they said.’ (7) They sat around on the floor with my mother in the centre’ (8) More candles, more lanterns’. (9) groaning on a mat (10) trying every curse and blessing, powder, mixture, herb and hybrid (11) I watched the holy man perform his rites

(B)

Scorpion
Many images of the scorpion contrast in the opening lines of the poem. Find examples of each and add them to the columns below.
Timid	Dangerous
(1) hides …………………. (2) …………………. back	(i) Diabolic …………………. (ii) ………………….

Answer:

Scorpion
Timid	Dangerous
(1) Hides beneath a sack of rice	(1) Diabolic tail
(2) Is afraid of the people and goes back	(2) The Evil One
	(3) His poison moved in Mother’s blood

(C)

Imagery
Look at the description of the village peasants. What does the imagery suggest about them?
The Images	What images suggest
They came like swarms of flies.
They buzzed the name of God.
They threw giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.
They clicked their tongues.

Answer:

Imagery
The images	what the images suggest
1) They came swarms of flies.	(1) They came it very large numbers, a huge crowd of people moving towards the house, like a swarm of flies.
(2) They buzzed the name of God.	(2) They kept repeating the name of God softly and continuously, like the buzzing of bees.
(3) They threw giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.	(3) The lanterns they carried threw shadows on the walls, which looked like huge scorpion shadows to the frightened villagers.
(4) They clicked their tongues.	(4) They made sorrowful and frightening sounds with their tongues.

Night Of The Scorpion Question Answers Question 3.
Choose the correct alternative.

1. The child is afraid but admires …………………………
(a) the initiative of the peasants.
(b) his father trying every way to cure.
(c) the bravery of his mother.
Answer:
(c) the bravery of his mother

2. His father and the villagers panic and hastily suggest ………………………….
(a) to take her to the hospital.
(b) ayurvedic treatment.
(c) religious remedies to help.
Answer:
(c) religious remedies to help

3. The poet seems to see the villagers as impractical and almost irritating which suggests that …………………………
(a) the poet is critical of caste
(b) the poet is critical of religion
(c) the poet is critical of tradition.
Answer:
(c) the poet is critical of tradition

4. This is a ………………………… poem as it tells a story.
(a) reflective
(b) imaginative
(c) narrative
Answer:
(c) narrative

5. Using the first person gives the feeling that it is told from …………………………
(a) personal experience
(b) public experience
(c) private experience
Answer:
(a) personal experience

6. ‘The scorpion picked on me. And spared my children’ depicts …………………………
(a) mother’s bravery
(b) mother’s endurance
(c) selfless and unconditional love of mother.
Answer:
(c) selfless and unconditional love of a mother

7. The poem does not have a rhyme scheme, which means the poem is a perfect example of a …………………………
(a) Ballad
(b) Sonnet
(c) Free verse
Answer:
(c) free verse

8. The poem is titled ‘Night of the Scorpion’, for, the major part of the poem, …………………………
(a) the mother remains triumphant at the end.
(b) the scorpion is the victor.
(c) the father succeeds in curing the mother.
Answer:
(b) the scorpion is the victor

9. The peasants chant the name of God to …………………………
(a) nullify the stinging experience
(b) praise God.
(c) appease God.
Answer:
(a) nullify the stinging experience

10. The click of tongues reflects their ………………………… to the predicament.
(a) individual response
(b) collective response
(c) group response
Answer:
(b) collective response

Night Of The Scorpion Questions Question 4.
From the poem provide evidence for the following :

Stages	Evidence (lines from the poem)
(a) the attempts by the peasants to help alleviate the mother’s pain. (b) the action of these same peasants to kill the scorpion (c) the reaction of the rational father. (d) the various superstitions versus the ‘scientific’ (e) evil versus good.

Answer:

Stages	Evidence (lines from the extract)
(a) the attempts by the peasants to help alleviate the mother’s pain.	(1) The peasants came like swarms of flies’ (2) ‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One.’ (3) ‘With candles and with lanterns’
(b) the action of these same peasants to kill the scorpion.	(1) ‘they searched for him’ (2) ‘they clicked their tongues’
(c) evil versus good	‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One.’                                                ‘

Night Of Scorpion Question Answers Question 5.
Read the poem and complete the table showing the qualities of the father and mother giving sufficient evidences from the poem.

Qualities
Father	Mother

Answer:

Qualities
Father	Mother
sceptic, rationalist,  loving, desperate	patient, long-suffering, brave, self-sacrificing, selfless
Lines as evidence: My father, sceptic, rationalist, Trying every curse and blessing, Powder, mixture, herb and hybrid. He even poured a little paraffin Upon the bitten toe and put a match to it. I watched the holy man perform his rites to tame the poison with an incantation.	Lines as evidence : My mother twisted through and through, groaning on a mat. My mother only said Thank God the scorpion picked on me and spared my children.

Night Of The Scorpion Question Answers Question 6.
(A) Match the Figures of Speech with the correct definition.

Poetic Devices
Figure	Definition
(1) Metaphor (2) Alliteration (3) Onomatopoeia (4) Simile	(a) The use of the same sound at the beginning of words (b) An implied comparison. (c) A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’ (d) A word which resembles the sound it represents.

Answer:

Poetic Devices
Figure	Definition
(1) Metaphor (2) Alliteration (3) Onomatopoeia (4) Simile	(b) An implied comparison. (a) The use of the same sound at the beginning of words (d) A word which resembles the sound it represents. (c) A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’

(B) Find examples from the poem that contain :
Similie : …………………………
Metaphor : …………………………
Onomatopoeia : …………………………
Answer:
Similie: A comparison between two different things, especially a phrase, containing the words ‘like’ or ‘as’
Metaphor: An implied comparison.
Onomatopoeia: A word which resembles the sound it represents.

Question 7.
Expand the flow chart in writing a paragraph in your own words.

Answer:
The poet’s mother is bitten by a scorpion and is in great agony. She fights the venom of the scorpion with the help of her husband and the villagers. She is unable to say anything, but only groans in pain. Finally, the poison is tamed after twenty hours. In the end, the mother thanks God that she has survived the ordeal, and that the scorpion had picked on her and spared her children.

Question 8.
The poet has used various kinds of imagery to create an image which appeal to our senses. Pick out various kinds of imagery and complete the table.

Visual imagery appealing to eyes	Tactile imagery (sense of touch)	Sound imagery	Internal sensations, feelings and emotions
(1) Scropion crawling beneath a sack of rice	(1) …………………………… …………………………… ……………………………	(1) buzzed the name of God	(1) fear
(2)	(2) Father pouring paraffin on the toe	(2) …………………………… …………………………… ……………………………	(2) ……………………………

Answer:

Visual imagery appealing to eyas	Tactile imagery (Sense of touch)	Sound imagery	Internal sensations, feelings and emotions
(1) Scorpion crawling beneath a sack of rice	(1) I watched the flame feeding on my mother	(1) buzzed the name of God	(1) fear
(2) With Candles and lanterns throwing giant scorpion shadows on the mud-baked walls.	(2) Father pouring paraffin on the toe	(2) They clicked their tongues	(2) pain

Question 9.
Write an appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format.
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)
The title of the poem : Night of the Scorpion’
The poet: Nissirn Ezekiel
Rhyme scheme : written In frcc verse without any rhyme scheme or mctrc
Figures of speech : Onomatopoeia, Metaphor, Alliteraüon, Sim Ile, Antithesis, etc.
Theme/Central idea : The poet depicts the selflessness and unconditional love of a mother who stung by a scorpion.

Paragraph Format
Thc poem ‘Night of the Scorpion’ is written by Nissim Ezekiel. The poem is written in free verse without any rhyme scheme or metre. There are many figures of speech e.g. Onomatopoeia like ‘and buzzed the name of God a hundred times’. Here, we feel we can actually hear the buzzing of the prayers of the many peasants. The other figures of speech are Metaphor. Alliteration. Simile. Antithesis, etc.

The theme of the poem is the sense of sacrifice shown by a devoted mother. Even as she suffers the pangs of a scorpion-bite, she thanks God for sparing her children from such an ordeal.

Question 10
Project
Prepare a Presentation (on paper or on a PC) as a piece of reference to other students. Make use of the following points.
(1) Title page
(2) Introduction of the poet
(3) The Complete poem (All 48 lines)
(4) Learning objectives

(5) Style of writing
(6) Scorpion lines (1-7)
(7) The peasants
(8) The poet’s father
(10) The poet’s mother
(11) Vocabulary
(12) Credits (positive aspects)

Question 11.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The scorpion was forced to take shelter in the poet’s house to …………………
(2) In line no. 3, the word ‘him’ refers to …………………
(3) To ‘paralyse the Evil One’ in stanza 3 means ………………….
(4) ‘They’ in stanza 4 refers to ………………….
Answer:
(1) escape the heavy rain.
(2) the scorpion.
(3) to stop the activity of the devil, the scorpion.
(4) the peasants M10 had come to help.

Question 12.
Explain why the poem begins with the poet \ remembering the night.
Answer:
The poem begins with the poet remembering | the night because the whole incident that is narrated in the poem was very memorable and took place in the night. It created a strong impression on the poet.

Question 13.
Write the reactions of the people when they knew that the mother was stung by a scorpion.
Answer:
When the people knew that the poet’s mother was stung by a scorpion:
(i) The peasants came in swarms to help.
(ii) They buzzed the name of God a hundred times.
(iii) They searched for the scorpion with candles and lanterns.
(iv) They clicked their tongues because he was not found.

Question 14.
Pick out an example of Simile from the extract.
Answer:
The peasants came like swarms of flies. The peasants are compared directly to swarms of flies, with the use of the word like’.

Question 15.
Pick out an example of Metaphor from the extract.
Answer:
to paralyse the Evil One’. The scorpion is Implicitly compared to the devil.

Question 16.
Pick out examples of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
(1) ‘and buzzed the name of God’
The word ‘buzzed’ indicates sound.

(2) ‘They clicked their tongues.’
The word ‘clicked’ indicates sound.

Question 17.
Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
(1) Parting with his poison-flash
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(2) of diabolic tail in the dark room
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘d’.

(3) throwing giant scorpion shadows.
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘s’.

Question 18.
Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘they searched for him: he was not found’ Words having opposite or contradictory meanings are used in the same line.

Question 19.
Write down the rhyming words from the stanzas for the following:
(i) fight
(ii) clash
Answer:
(i) fight-night
(ii) clash-flash.

Question 20.
Complete the following: The peasants consoled the mother, saying:
(1) the poison will burn away ………………………
(2) her suffering will decrease …………………….
(3) the evil in this world will be …………………………
(4) the poison will purify her …………………………..
Answer:
(1) the sins of her previous birth
(2) the misfortunes of her next birth
(3) diminished by her pain.
(4) flesh of desire and her spirit of ambition.

Question 21.
(a) Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract:
Answer:
(1) ‘May he sit still, they said’.
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘s’.

(2) ‘May the poison purify your flesh’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(b) Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘May the sum of all evil balanced in this unreal world against the sum of good’ Words having opposite meanings are placed close for contrast.

(c) Pick out an example of Repetition from the extract:
Answer:
‘More candles, more lanterns, more. neighbours’ Repetition of the word ‘more’ for emphasis.

Question 22.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The mother found relief …………………….
(2) All through the ordeal, the poet’s mother ………………..
Answer:
(1) after twenty hours.
(2) twisted and groaned in pain.

Question 23.
(1) Pick out an example of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
‘groaning on a mat’ The word ‘groaning’ indicates sound.

Question 24.
Pick out examples of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
(1) ‘powder, mixture, herb and hybrid’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘h’.

(2) ‘He even poured a little paraffin’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘p’.

(3) ‘I watched the flame feeding on my mother’
Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘f.

Question 25.
Pick out an example of Antithesis from the extract:
Answer:
‘trying every curse and blessing’ Words having opposite meanings are placed close for contrast.

Question 26.
Pick out an example of Personification from the extract:
Answer:
‘I watched the flame feeding on my mother’ The flame is given the human quality of feeding.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.6 The Gift of the Magi Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.6 The Gift of the Magi

The Gift Of The Magi Questions and Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.6 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Question 1.
The moment you hear the word ‘Gift’, what feelings do you experience? Complete the web with those feelings.

Answer:

Gift Of Magi Questions And Answers Question 2.
‘Gifts’ need not be material gifts. They can be abstract and yet priceless. For example, favours, kindness, help in times of need etc.
Think of and enlist such unforgettable gifts given to you by :
(1) Parents/ Grand parents : ………………………………………..
(2) Siblings/ relatives : ………………………………………..
(3) Friends : ………………………………………..
(4) Strangers : ………………………………………..
Answer:
(1) love, kindness, etc.
(2) support, empathy, etc.
(3) loyalty, sympathy, etc.
(4) courtesy, help, etc.

Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Question 3.
Say whether the words underlined are infinitives/ participles or gerunds.
(1) The athletes wanted to take part in the running race.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to take – infinitive:
(b) running – participle

(2) Would you like to eat at the dinning table?
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to eat – infinitive;
(b) dining – participle

(3) Reading is good for the mind and soul. So take up reading books.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Reading – gerund;
(b) reading – gerund

(4) I like to eat fruits rather than eating sweets.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) to eat – infinitive;
(b) eating – gerund

(5) Listening and speaking sharpen your language skills.
(a) ………………………………………..
(b) ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Listening – gerund;
(b) speaking-gerund

The Gift of the Magi Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Gift Of The Magi Answers Question 1.
Complete the following.
(a) Della had saved ………………………………………..
(b) Della wanted to buy ………………………………………..
(c) Della’s beautiful hair tell about ………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) one dollar and eighty-seven cents.
(b) a Christmas present for Jim
(c) her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters.

The Gift Of The Magi Questions Question 2.
Answer the following questions:
(a) How much did Della save for Christmas ? What does it show ?
(b) Why did Della take pride in the beauty of her hair?
(c) Why and how did Della sell her hair? Do you think she did well ?
(d) Why did Jim sell his gold watch? Do you think he did well ?
(e) Why did Jim and Della want to present the gifts?
(f) Why did Della feel sad on losing her hair?
(g) What did Jim bring out from his coat? Describe the scene.
(h) How beautiful was the gold watch chain? Would you have liked to own it?
(i) How did the Magi want to celebrate their Christmas (OR) Who were the first people to give Christmas gifts ?
(j) What is the moral of the story?
Answer:
(a) Della saved one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Christmas. It shows that she was very poor.
(b) because Jim thought that she was pretty because of her hair.
(c) Della sold her lovely long hair to get money to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(d) She sold it to a woman who dealt in hair goods of all kinds. Yes, she did it willingly even though it was her prized possession.
(e) it was Christmas Eve, a time for giving gifts.
(f) it was very beautiful and her prized possession.
(g) Jim brought out a package from his coat.
(h) The watch chain was very beautiful. It was made of platinum, and simple and chaste in design. No, I would not have liked to own it, because I do not carry a watch that needs a chain. It is old-fashioned.
(i) The Magi wanted to celebrate their Christmas by exchanging gifts. They werejhe first people to give Christmas gifts.
(j) The moral of the story is that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts, and those who realize this fact are the wisest.

The Gift Of The Magi Question Answers Question 3.
Complete the following activity :
Map the problems and solutions in “The Gift of the Magi” on the diagram below. Two problems have already been filled in.

Answer:

The Gift Of Magi Solutions Question 4.
Read the following and answer.
(A) Say WHAT
(a) ……………………………….. troubled Della on Christmas Eve?
(b) ……………………………….. was the current family income?
(c) ……………………………….. could have outshone Queen of Sheba’s jewels?
(d) ……………………………….. was the cost of the fob chain?
(e) ……………………………….. sent Jim into a trance, on his return?
Answer:
(a) The next day was Christmas Day and Della had only one dollar and eighty-seven cents with which to buy Jim a present. She had spent a lot of time thinking about a good present for him. but with the money she had saved she would not get anything worthy of him. Hence, she was feeling disturbed.
(b) $20 per week.
(c) Della’s beautiful hair
(d) twenty-one dollars.
(e) Jim saw that Della had cut off her beautiful hair. It was seeing this that sent him into a trance.

(B) Say WHY
(a) ……………………………….. did Della sell her lovely long hair ?
(b) ……………………………….. was Della a bit apprehensive after she had sold her hair ?
(c) ……………………………….. did Jim avoid checking the time in his gold watch, in a public place?
(d) ……………………………….. did Della’s scream of joy change to loud wails ?
(e) ……………………………….. in the end, did Jim ask Della to put the chops on?
Answer:
(a) to get money to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(b) she was afraid of Jim’s reaction.
(c) the leather strap he used in place of a chain was old.
(d) Jim’s gift to Della was the set of tortoise shell combs that she had adored. She had craved and yearned for them, so that they could adorn her beautiful hair. When she opened the package and saw them, she was first ecstatic with joy that she had got what she had coveted; but her scream of joy turned to wails when she remembered that the beautiful hair they would have adorned was now cut off. The gift was hence useless.
(e) Jim knew that neither of them could use their Christmas gifts for the time being. Hence, he wanted to put them away and keep them for some time. He wanted to get back to daily life. Hence, he asked Della to put the chops on.

(C) Say WHEN
(a) ……………………………….. had Jim added ‘Dillingham’ as his middle name ?
(b) ……………………………….. did a tear or two drop on the old red carpet ?
(c) ……………………………….. did Della go through goods in the stores ?
(d) ……………………………….. did Della say a silent prayer to God ?
(e) ……………………………….. did Jim try to divert their attention for ten seconds, at least?
Answer:
(a) a former period of prosperity, when he was earning $30 per week.
(b) Della made up her mind to cut off her beautiful hair.
(c) she was searching for a suitable present for Jim.
(d) she heard Jim’s step on the stairway down on the first flight.
(e) Jim realized that Della was afraid of his reaction to her short hair. In order to console her, he probably hugged her and the narrator tries to divert our attention to something else, to give them privacy. It could also mean that the narrator is asking us to think about the importance of riches-how important is it to happiness.

The Gift Of The Magi Question Answer Question 5.
Complete Use the chart below to explain situational irony in ‘The Gift of the Magi’. For each character, identify what is expected to happen and what actually happens.

SITUATIONAL IRONY
What Della plans :	What actually happens
What Jim plans :	What actually happens :

Answer:

SITUATIONAL IRONY
What Della plans : To give Jim a wonderful Christmas gift in the form of a fob chain.	What actually happens : Jim cannot use Della’s gift of a fob chain for his watch because he has sold his watch to get her gift.
What Jim plans : To give Della a wonderful Christmas gift in the form of a set of tortoise shell combs.	What actually happens : Della cannot use Jim’s gift of combs because she has cut and sold her hair to get him his gift.

The Gift Of Magi Question Answer Question 6.
Complete the following activity.
Word List :
agile, cascade, coveted, instigate, prudence, assertion, chronicle, inconsequential, predominating, subside, gobbling.

Fill in each set of blanks with the correct word from the word list. The boxed letters will spell out something that Della receives.

1. A small waterfall
2. You wished greedily for something.
3. This describes something important.
4. You hope a loud siren will do this.
5. Troublemakers do this.

Answer:

(1) A small waterfall	CAS[C]ADE
(2) You wished greedily for something	C[O]VETED
(3) This describes something important	PREDO[M]INATING
(4) You hope a loud siren, will do this	SU[B]SIDE
(5) Troublemakers do this	IN[S]TIGATE

COMBS

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers For Class 6 Question 7.
Complete the following basic plot diagram :

Answer:

A Gift For Christmas 10th Class Question Answer Question 8.
Pick out from the story words that mean the following.
Against each consumer write (N) if it is a Noun (V) for Verb and (Adj) for Adjective.
(1) reluctance to spend money …………………………….. (  )
(2) relating to …………………………….. (  )
(3) urge …………………………….. (  )
(4) reduce in value …………………………….. (  )
(5) wisdom …………………………….. (  )
(6) very huge …………………………….. (  )
(7) foolishness …………………………….. (  )
Answer:
(1) reluctance to spend money …………………………….. (  )
(2) relating to …………………………….. (  )
(3) urge …………………………….. (  )
(4) reduce in value – depreciate ( Verb )
(5) wisdom – prudence ( Noun )
(6) very huge – mammoth ( Adjective )
(7) foolishness – idiocy (Noun)

The Gift Of Magi Question And Answers Question 9.
Think and answer on your own in a few sentences, in your notebook.
(a) What would you do if you ran short of money, to buy a birthday gift for one of your parents/siblings?
Answer:
If I ran short of money to buy a gift for one of my parents/siblings, I would borrow from someone else close to me. For example, if I wanted to buy a bag for my sister and fell short of money, I would ask my mother to lend it to me. If I wanted to buy something for Mom and did not have the money for it, I would borrow from dad.

(b) Think of two alternatives that could have prevented Della as well as Jim from selling their most precious possessions.
Answer:
Both knew that they were poor and couldn’t afford expensive gifts. So they could have just given each other small token gifts of flowers or cards. This would have prevented them from selling their most precious possessions.

(c) Justify the title of the story, ‘The Gift of the Magi’.
Answer:
The Magi were three wise men who brought gifts for baby Jesus during Christmas. They knew how to give and gave unique gifts with special emphasis. In the same way, Della and Jim gave each other unique gifts. The author compares their giving to the gifts the Magi gave to baby Jesus, ffe calls them tire ‘Magi’ because of their wisdom in realizing that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

(d) Gifts that you buy have fixed prices/ rates. How can the buyer increase the value of a gift bought for someone very dear in the family?
Answer:
The buyer can increase the value of a gift bought for someone very dear in the family by giving it with words of love and gratitude. He /She can also write something loving on a card and attach it to the gift.

(e) What situation is the climax of the story ? How does it end up as an Anticlimax?
Answer:
The climax should have been the happiness and joy on the faces of Jim and Della when they see their gifts. It ends up as an anti-climax because though they had got what they coveted, neither of them could now use the gifts.

(f) If you share this story with some friends in a junior class, how would they react in the end?
Answer:
They would probably just feel that all the sacrifice was wasted. They would not have realized the deeper meaning of the story.

(g) Who were the very first people to give Christmas gifts? What had inspired them to do so?
Answer:
The Magi visited Jesus after his birth to give gifts to honour him. The Magi wanted to celebrate their Christmas by exchanging gifts. They werejhe first people to give Christmas gifts.

(h) At the end of the story, O Henry remarks that of all who give gifts, Della and Jim were the wisest. Think and explain this paradoxial remark.
Answer:
Jim and Della were initially foolish enough to believe that they needed to give material gifts in order to show their love for one another and that they had to sacrifice their most precious possessions to do so. However, they were also wise enough to know later that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

The Gift Of Magi Question And Answer Question 10.
Pick out and rewrite the exact sentence which indirectly imply the following :
(a) Della was not too happy about bargaining for grocery etc.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one’s cheeks burned.

(b) The flat was in a dilapidated condition.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
It did not actually beggar description, but certainly had that word on the look out for the mendicancy squad.

(c) King Soloman would express his jealousy of Jim.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard with envy.

(d) Della spent a joyful time, for two hours.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
The next two hours tripped by on rosy wings.

(e) Della’s elated mood underwent a change as she opened her gift.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
An ecstatic scream of joy; and then alas! A quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails.

(f) The weekly income amount does not matter.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called ‘Jim’ and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young.

The Gift Of The Magi Class 10 Question 11.
Frame wh-questions to get the underlined answers.
(1) Life is made up of sobs, sniffles and smiles.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
What is life made up of?

(2) Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Who had spent many a happy hour planning something nice for him?

(3) Her hair reached below her knee.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Where did her hair reach?

(4) She was ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
She has been ransacking the stores for Jim’s present.

(5) At 7 o’clock the coffee was made.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
When was the coffee made?

(6) The magi were wise men.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Who were the magi?

The Gift Of The Magi Questions And Answers Pdf Question 12.
(A) Add appropriate question tags.
(1) Della leaped up, …………………….?
(2) You’ll have to look at the time, ………………….?
(3) They were expensive combs, ………………..?
(4) I just had to do it, ……………………..?
(5) I am still pretty, ………………………..?
(6) Give it to me quick, …………………?
(7) There was clearly nothing to do,…………..?
(8) My hair grows so fast, …………………?
(9) Let’s put our Christmas presents away, ………………….?
(10) She had a habit for saying a silent prayer, ………………….. ?
Answer:
(1) Della leaped up, didn’t she?
(2) You’ll have to look at the time, won’t you?
(3) They were expensive combs, weren’t they?
(4) I just had to do it, didn’t I?
(5) I am still pretty, aren’t I?
(6) Give it to me quick, won’t you?
(7) There was clearly nothing to do, was there?
(8) My hair grows so fast, doesn’t it?
(9) Let’s put our Christmas presents away, shall we?
(10) of saying a little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things.

(B) Supply short answers (Pronoun + Auxiliary Verb)
Questions – Answers
(1) Don’t you like me ? Yes, ………………..
(2) Have you cut off your hair ? Yes, ………………..
(3) Shall I put the chops on ? Yes, ………………..
(4) Isn’t it a dandy ? Yes, ………………..
(5) Does it make difference ? No, ………………..
(6) Will you buy my hair ? No, ………………..
(7) Can you afford it ? No, ………………..
(8) Are you fooling me ? No, ………………..
Answer:
(1) Yes, I do.
(2) Yes, I have.
(3) Yes, you shall/can.
(4) Yes, it is.
(5) No, It doesn’t.
(6) No, I won’t.
(7) No, I can’t.
(8) No, I’m not.

The Gift Of The Magi Story Questions And Answers Question 13.
Pick out the infinitives/ gerunds/ participles from the following sentences and state what each one is.
(1) I want to see how it looks.
………………………………………………………….

(2) I don’t like frightening stories.
………………………………………………………….

(3) We decided to settle in Pune.
………………………………………………………….

(4) Playing sitar is Arjun’s hobby.
………………………………………………………….

(5) It was a horrifying experience for all of us.
………………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) to see – infinitive
(2) frightening – participle
(3) to settle – infinitive
(4) playing – gerund
(5) horrifying – participle

The Gift Of The Magi Solution Question 14.
List the signs that indicate that Della was very poor.
Answer:
The following things show us that Della was very poor:
(i) The house was a poorly furnished flat at $8 per week.
(ii) The couch was small and shabby.
(iii) In the vestibule below was a letter-box and an electric bell, both of which were not functioning.
(iv) The current family income was $20 per week.
(v) After a lot of bargaining and penny-pinching, Della had saved only one dollar and eighty-seven cents for Christmas.

The Gift Of Magi Questions And Answers Question 15.
Pick out from the passage words that mean the following, and state if it is a Noun, Verb or Adjective: (The answers are given directly and underline.)
Answer:

Phrase	Word From the passage	Part of Speech
(1) Reluctance to spend money	parsimony	Noun
(2) Relating to	appertaining	Verb
(3) Urge	coax	Verb
(4) provokes	instigates	Verb

The Gift Of The Magi Question And Answer Question 16.
Rearrange the letters given below to form sensible words:
(i) stedoih
(ii) eilpmid
(iii) teccirle
(iv) ectubrh.
Answer:
(i) stedom – modest
(ii) teccirle – electric
(iii) eilpmid – implied
(iv) ectubrh – butcher

Question 17.
Della counted the money thrice. Explain what you think the reason for this may be.
Answer:
Della had struggled and bargained a lot to save money. She had hoped that she had saved enough money to buy Jim a proper Christmas present. She could not believe that it was only 1 dollar and 87 cents. She probably counted the money thrice in the hope that it was actually more than that.

Question 18.
Write whether the following statements are True or False:
(1) Della wanted to buy a Christmas present for Jim.
(2) There was a pier glass between the windows of the room.
(3) Jim now earned $30 per week.
(4) It was Christmas Eve.
Answer:
(1) True
(2) True
(3) False
(4) True

Question 19.
(1) Write the part of speech of each of the words given below:
(1) fairly accurate conception.
(ii) very agile person.
Answer:
(i) fairly-adverb
accurate – adj ective
conception – noun

(ii) very-adverb
agile-adjective
person-noun

Question 20.
Find from the passage the antonyms of the following words:
(1) common
(2) slow
(3) spending
(4) dully
Answer:
(1) common x rare
(2) slow x agile
(3) spending X saving
(4) dully x brilliantly

Question 21.
Rewrite the following sentence as an interrogative sentence: Twenty dollars a week doesn’t go far.
Answer:
Does twenty dollars a week go far?

Question 22.
Rewrite the following sentence beginning ‘Though ’: Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its colour.
Answer:
Though her eyes were shining brilliantly, her face had lost its colour.

Question 23.
Complete the following:
(1) The couple’s prized possessions were …………………………
(2) Della’s beautiful hair fell about ………………….
(3) Della felt sad on losing her hair because …………………….
Answer:
(1) Jim’s gold watch and Della’s beautiful hair.
(2) her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters.
(3) it was very beautiful and her prized possession.

Question 24.
Write the adjective forms of the following words and pick out those that are participles:
(1) possessions
(2) treasures
(3) envy
(4) sparkle
Answer:
(1) possessions – possessive
(2) treasures – treasured (past participle)
(3) envy – envious
(4) sparkle – sparkling (present participle)

Question 25.
Complete the following:
(a) The gift Della bought for Jim was ………………………
Answer:
(a) a platinum fob chain.

Question 26.
Explain why Della looked at her reflection critically.
Answer:
Della had cut off her beautiful hair, which Jim had loved. She was worried about his reaction to her short hair, and to make it look better she had curled her newly-cut hair. She looked at her reflection critically hoping that Jim would like it.

Question 27.
Pick out 4 adverbs of manner from the passage.
Answer:
properly, wonderfully, carefully, critically.

Question 28.
Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer: She was ransacking the store for Jim’s present.
Answer:
Why was she ransacking the store?

Question 29.
Rewrite the following sentence using ‘No sooner., than..’: As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim’s.
Answer:
No sooner did she see it, than she knew that it must be Jim’s.

Question 30.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Jim stared at Della ………………….
(b) Della took pride in the beauty of her hair ………………….
Answer:
(a) because she had cut off her hair.
(b) because Jim thought that she was pretty because of her hair.

Question 31.
Complete the web with words to describe Jim.
Answer:

Question 32.
Pick out two words from the passage formed by using prefixes:
Answer:
immovable, disapproval.

Question 33.
Match the adjectives in column ‘A’ with the nouns in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) new	(a) prayer
(2) silent	(b) overcoat
(3) first	(c) expression
(4) peculiar	(d) flight

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) new	(b) overcoat
(2) silent	(a) prayer
(3) first	(d) flight
(4) peculiar	(c) expression

Question 34.
Give your opinion: ‘It is important to give gifts.’
Answer:
Yes, it is. When you give gifts, you show your love and affection for the person. You also show that you have remembered the occasion-maybe a birthday or an anniversary. However, the gift should be thoughtfully chosen, keeping the likes and dislikes of the receiver in mind.

Question 35.
Put the following statements in the correct order of occurrence:
(1) “If you’ll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first.”
(2) “It’s Christmas Eve, boy.”
(3) “Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow?”
(4) “It’s sold, I tell you.”
Answer:
(3) “Don’t you like me just as well, anyhow?”
(4) “It’s sold, I tell you.”
(2) “It’s Christmas Eve, boy.”
(1) “If you’ll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first.”

Question 36.
Give reason: Della asked Jim to be good to her.
Answer:
Della asked Jim to be good to her for she had cut off her hair for his sake.

Question 37.
Complete the following:
This conversation took place on ………………….
Answer:
Christmas Eve.

Question 38.
Complete the following table:
Answer:

Noun	Adjective	Adverb
(1) labour	laborious	laboriously
(2) idiocy	idiotic	idiotically
(3) discretion	discreet	discreetly
(4) curiosity	curious	curiously

Question 39.
(1) Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table. (Rewrite beginning ‘Drawing….’.)
(2) The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. (Rewrite beginning ‘Though ’.)
Answer:
(1) Drawing a package from his overcoat pocket, Jim threw it upon the table.
(2) Though the magi brought valuable gifts, that was not among them.

Question 40.
(1) The gift Jim had brought for Della was ………………………
(2) The beautiful present flashed with ……………………
(3) Jim and Della wanted to present the gifts because ………………….
Answer:
(1) a set of beautiful, pure tortoise shell combs, with jewelled rims.
(2) a reflection of Della’s bright and ardent spirit.
(3) it was Christmas Eve, a time for giving gifts.

Question 41.
Jim wanted to put the Christmas presents away and get back to daily life.
Answer:
And now, suppose you put the chops on.

Question 42.
Describe the scene when Della opened the package that Jim gave her.
Answer:
Della opened the package that Jim had given her with nimble fingers. She first gave an ecstatic scream of joy, which soon changed to hysterical tears and wails. Jim had to immediately comfort and soothe her. However, she hugged the gift lovingly to her bosom.

Question 43.
why Jim sold his gold watch. Do you think he did it willingly?
Answer:
Jim sold his gold watch to buy a Christmas gift for Della. Yes, he did it willingly, even though it was his prized possession.

Question 44.
why Jim and Della are referred to as the Magi.
Answer:
Jim and Della are referred to as the Magi because first each willingly sacrificed his/her prized possession for the sake of the loved one. Then they wisely realized that unselfish love is the greatest of all gifts.

Question 45.
Pick out from the story the word that means the following, and state if it is a Noun, Verb or Adjective: sought after
Answer:
sought after – coveted (Adjective)

Question 46.
Fill in the blanks with words from the passage that are the opposites of the underlined words: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Something that is not ……………………..
(2) Something that is not ………………
(3) Men who are not ……………….. are ………………..
(4) Something that is not ………………… is ………………
Answer:
(1) cheap is expensive.
(2) bright is dull.
(3) foolish, wise.
(4) hated, worshipped.

Question 47.
(1) Pick out two compound words from the lesson.
(2) Pick out a gerund from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(3) Punctuate: youve cut off your hair asked jim laboriously
(4) Find out five hidden words from the given word: ornamentation
(5) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: on the corner of the table
(6) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: Jim be never late.
(7) Identify the type of sentence: Isn’t it a dandy. Jim?
(8) Arrange the following in alphabetical order: Christmas, cheeks, chaste, chain, chops, coveted
(9) Complete the word chain of animal names: duck, k……., o……., h……., e……. .
Answer:
(1) backyard, letter-box
(2) saying: He had the habit of saying cruel things with a smile on his face.
(3) “You’ve cut off your hair?” asked Jim, laboriously.
(4) ornamentation: ornament, remain, mentor, meant, rotate
(5) The little boy sat on the corner of the table.
(6) Jim was never late.
(7) Interrogative and negative.
(8) chain, chaste, cheeks, chops, Christmas, coveted
(9) duck, kangaroo, ostrich, hare, elephant.

Question 48.
“You say your hair is gone?” he said, with an air almost of idiocy. (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
He asked her, with an air of almost idiocy, whether she said that her hair was gone.

Question 49.
(1) Use the following word as a verb and a noun in two separate sentences: look
(2) Use the given two words in a single sentence of your own: reflection, terrified
Answer:
(1) (i) “Look to your left and right before crossing the road,” said the policeman, (verb)
(ii) The woman gave the shopkeeper an angry look, (noun)
(2) The lion was terrified when it saw its reflection in the water.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.2 The Night I Met Einstein Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.2 The Night I Met Einstein

The Night I Met Einstein Questions And Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.2 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Night I Met Einstein Questions And Answers Question 1.
With your bench-mate prepare a profile of Albert Einstein.
ALBERT EINSTEIN

• Profession : ………………………………….
• Field of Science : ………………………………….
• World-famous theory proposed : ………………………………….
• Awards : ………………………………….
• Disability in childhood : ………………………………….
• Books wrote: ………………………………….

Answer:
ALBERT EINSTEIN

• Profession : Scientist
• Field of Science : Theoretical Physics
• World famous theory proposed : Theory of Relativity
• Awards : Nobel Prize in Physics (1921), Copley j Medal by the Royal Society (1925), Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926), Max Planck medal of the German Physical Society (1929), Prix Jules Janssen (1931)
• Disability in childhood : Dyslexia (Asperger’s Syndrome, Autism)
• Books written :
  • The World as I see it
  • Relativity : The Special and the General Theory
  • The Evolution of Physics
  • The Meaning of Relativity
  • Einstein’s Essays in Science
  • Einstein on Peace
  • Why War?
  • Essays in Humanism

The Night I Met Einstein English Workshop Question 2.
Look at the picures of musical instruments and write their names; what the player of the instrument is called and a famous player of the instrument.

Answer:

The Night I Met Einstein Pdf Questions And Answers Question 3.
Separate the words in the columns they belong to.
(chorus, ballet, melody, swar, kathak, raga, salsa, symphony, mudra, serenade, choreography, tune, audience, tango, allegro, duet, odissi, choir, concert, performance, hip-hop)

Music	Common to both arts	Dance

Answer:

Music	Common to both arts	Dance
chorus	salsa	ballet
melody	audience	kathak
swar	concert	mudra
raga	performance	tango
symphony		odissi
serenade		hip-hop
tune		choreography
allegro
duet
choir

The Night I Met Einstein Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Night I Met Einstein Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
(a) The narrator was not happy about the concert because …………………………………….. .
(b) When the narrator turned to look at his neighbour, he …………………………………….. .
(c) Einstein was surprised to hear that …………………………………….. .
(d) The narrator’s memory has an image of Einstein as …………………………………….. .
(e) The greatest act towards human beings is …………………………………….. .
Answer:
(a) he did not understand classical music.
(b) he saw a very famous face with a shock of white hair and a pipe.
(c) the narrator had never heard any of Bach’s music and did not know anything about him.

Question 2.
Who said to whom?

Statement	Who	To whom	Effect on the listener
“We are going to listen to a very good pianist.”
“I do not know anything about Bach.”
“You are not tone-deaf.”
“Just allow yourself to listen that’s all there is to it”

Answer:

Statement	Who	To Whom	Effect on the listener
“We are going to listen to a very good pianist.”	The hostess	The narrator	not very happy
“You’re fond of Bach?”	A guest at the party (Albert Einstein)	The narrator	wanted to say something ordinary to get out of the situation
“You are not tone deaf.”	Albert Einstein	The narrator/writer	The listener tried to justify himself
“Just allow yourself to listen. That’s all there is to it.”	Einstein	the narrator	The listener was able to appreciate the concert and clap sincerçy.

Question 3.
List all the words from the story related to ‘Music’.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
concert, pianist. classical music, tone-deaf, piece, Bach, gramophone, song, tune, Bing Crosby, John McCormack. The Trumpeter.

Question 4.
Rewrite the following sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form.
(to get out of, to come up, to turn on, to give in, to get into, to come down, to work out, to turn off, to give off, to give out, to work in)
(a) He ………………………….. bed and ………………………….. the living room, to see if the door was closed.
(b) To enjoy the music and relax, he ………………………….. the music and ………………………….. the lights.
(c) Smita ………………………….. to her desire and ………………………….. her favourite toys to the poor.
(d) You should ………………………….. Mathematics so that you can ………………………….. problem.
Answer:
(a) got out of, came down
(b) turned on, turned off
(c) gave In, gave off
(d) get into, work out

Question 5.
(A) Give two points of difference between :

Instrumental Music	Vocal Music
(1)
(2)

Answer:

Instrumental Music	Vocal Music
(1) Instruments are used.	The voice (vocal cords) are used.
(2) Some part of the body is used as a medium to produce the sound, but the final sound is produced by the instrument.	Some parts of the body aid the production of sound (e.g., lungs, vocal tract, etc.), but the final sound emerges through the mouth.
(3) The output of the instrument is more or less of the same type, although the way the musician plays can give it an individualistic flavour.	Individual voices vary from the very low bass to the very high tenor. Hence the output varies and is very individualistic.
(4) An instrument can hardly be expected to sound like a voice (although some musicians try).	The voice can be used to imithte the sound of an instrument.

(B)

Light music	Classical music	Folk music

Answer:

Light music	Classical music	Folk music
(1) Pleasant to hear (2) Does not demand any great attention or effort from the listener (3) Could be from any genre.	(1) Based on discipline (2) Strict rules of rhythm and patterns	(1) Comes from the heart (2) Voices popular emotion s (3) No strict rules

Question 6.
Prepare a word list of occupations in alphabetical order from the letters A upto T. (You may skip ‘K’ and ‘Q’)

Answer:
Actor – Banker – Carpenter
Driver – Engineer – Farmer
Gardener – Hairdresser – Inspector
Jockey – Keyboardist – Labourer
Musician – Neurosurgeon – Optician
Painter – Quarryworker – Radiologist
Singer – Tailor – Upholsterer
Vendor – Walter – Zoologist

Question 7.
Rewrite the following in indirect narration.
(a) ‘‘You are not tone-deaf’’, he said to me.
(b) ‘‘Could you have done it?’’, said Einstein.
(c) ‘‘Sing that back’’, he ordered me.
(d) He said, ‘‘What kind of music do you like?’’
(e) ‘‘I’m so sorry, Dr. Einstein’’, she said.
Answer:
(a) He told me that I was not tone-deaf.
(b) Einstein asked whether (if) I could have done it.
(c) He ordered me to sing that back.
(d) He asked what kind of music I (the narrator) liked.
(e) She told Dr Einstein that she was very sorry.

Question 8.
(A) Degrees of Comparison (Positive / Comparative / Superlative) Insert the appropriate expressions, choosing from those given after each sentences, for the positive degree.
(1) I am not ……………………………. my friend.
(taller than/ more taller/just as tall as)

(2) They are ……………………………. their neighbours.
(as helpful as/most helpful/more helpful)

(3) No other desert in Africa is ……………………………. the Sahara Desert.
(biggest of all/nearly so big as/bigger as)

(4) Very few animals in the wild are ……………………………. an elephant.
(exactly huger than/exactly as huge as/hugest than)

(5) Some snacks are ……………………………. a pizza.
(at least as tasty as/tastier as/most tasty as)
Answer:
(1) as tall as
(2) as helpful as
(3) nearly as big as
(4) exactly as huge as
(5) at least as tasty as

(B) Change the Degree of Comparision, as directed and rewrite without changing the meaning.
(1) No one in the class is as brilliant as Tanvi. (Superlative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Tanvi is the most brilliant one in class.

(2) A diamond is one of the most precious of all stones. (Comparative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
A diamond is more precious than most other stones.

(3) Her handwriting is better than that of her sister. (Positive)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Her sister’s handwriting is not as good as hers.

(4) Jupiter is the largest of all planets. (Comparative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Jupiter is larger than any other planet.

(5) He is not the greatest of all leaders. (Positive)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
He is not as great as some of the other leaders.

(6) This painting is better than any other painting in the palace. (Superlative)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
This is the best painting in the palace.

Question 9.
Prepare a word chain.

Answer:

Question 10.
Pick out words that refer to the following:
(1) A musical performance in public …………………………….
(2) A lady who invites and looks after guests …………………………….
(3) A device used to play recorded music …………………………….
(4) One who is poor at deciphering musical notes …………………………….
(5) Boundaries or limits of a field …………………………….
Answer:
(1) concert
(2) hostess
(3) gramophone
(4) tone-deaf
(5) frontiers

Question 11.
‘Music is the medicine of the mind’. Narrate an experience that leads to the above conclusion. Write it in your own words, in
your notebook.
Answer:
Music is the medicine of the mind Music is good therapy. It is particularly effective because it registers on multiple sites of the brain. This means that even if the brain is very badly affected by a stroke or illness, there are s^till parts of the brain that recognise music.

I remember how upset all of us were when Grandfather suffered a stroke. The left side of his body and almost all of his face were affected. The once great and active Grandpa now lay still on the bed and had to be fed through a tube going down his nostrils. Little Rani could not stop weeping.

Grandfather had once presented me with a mobile phone. He knew my love for music and had told me I could download my favourite songs and create a playlist and listen to them whenever I wanted to.

I would sit by Grandfather’s bed whenever I was at home and had finished my studies and play the songs and listen to them.

One evening, to my surprise, I saw a shadow of a smile beginning to appear on Grandpa’s face. At first I couldn’t believe it. Then it became more definite and prominent. Grandpa was actually smiling!

I called Mom and Dad and Rani and everyone to see. Yes, Grandpa was indeed smiling. The music had reached out to him and had drawn out a response from him.

That was one of the happiest moments during his illness.

Question 12.
You will come across many famous personalities in the story. Go to library or search on internet the following names and write a few lines about the personalities given below.
(a) Albert Einstein
(b) Johann S. Bach
(c) Bing Crosby
(d) John McCormack
Answer:
(a) The last line tells us that Einstein believes in making others understand the joy there is in knowing the beauty that is all around us.
(b) Einstein then made him hear a little more advanced song by John.
(c) Two singers mentioned in the passage are : Bing Crosby
(d) The singer whose song was more advanced was : John McCormack

Question 13.
Imagine you are the monitor of the class. You are asked to conduct an interview of a famous scientist who is in your city/village. Frame 8 to 10 interview questions with the help of the following points.
(1) Early life and education
(2) Interest for this particular field
(3) Any inspirational incident that occurred in his/her life
(4) Guru or mentor
(5) Inventions and awards
(6) Future plans
(7) Advice/Message to youngsters
Answer:
Interview questions to be asked to the scientist :
(1) Good morning, Sir. I ani prMleged to interview an eminent scientist like you. Sir, could you tell me about your early life and education?
(2) Apart from science were there any other subjects that Interested you in school or college?
(3) Is there any specific incident you can mention that Inspired you to go ahead and achieve greatness?
(4) Who would you say was your Guru or mentor?
(5) Sir, could you give us a brief idea about your Inventions?
(6) WhIch awards have you received?
(7) Sir, what are your future plans?
(8) What advice do you have for the youngsters of today?

Question 14.
Project :
Divide the class into four groups. Collect pictures or draw images of various musical instruments, of the following categories.
(a) Stringed Instruments (Guitar)
(b) Wind Instruments (Flute)
(c) Percussion Instruments (Tabla)
(d) Solid Metal Instruments (Cymbals)
Paste and decorate pictures on separate sheets of paper. Give proper headings and names. Compile into a file with a cover and suitable file-title.

Question 15.
Complete the following sentences :
(a) The entertainment arranged-for by the hostess was a concert where everyone ……………………..
Answer:
(a) would listen to a very good pianist.

Question 16.
What was the writer’s reaction to classical music?
Answer:
The writer did not understand classical music.

Question 17.
Rewrite the following sentences using the phrases given in the brackets : (to pay attention to, to be fond of, to get out of shock of hair)
(a) Sachin ………………….. of playing cricket.
(b) The teacher asked her students ………………….. their studies.
(c) The rabbit trapped in the snare was trying to ……………….. it.
(d) He moved and I saw a ………………….. gleaming in the sun.
Answer:
(a) was fond
(b) to pay attention to
(c) get out of
(d) shock of hair

Question 18.
Write one word for :
(a) a man who helps the poor by giving them money
(b) one who plays the piano
Answer:
(a) philanthropist
(b) pIanist

Question 19.
Chairs were being arranged. (Change to the active voice.)
Answer:
They were arranging chairs.

Question 20.
I heard a gentle, but firm, voice saying, “You’re fond of Bach?” (Rewrite using the indirect form of narration.)
Answer:
I heard a gentie, but firm voice asking if (whether) I was fond of Bach.

Question 21.
I heard everyone clapping, so I realised that the piece was over. (Rewrite using ‘when/because’.)
Answer:
I realized that the piece was over when/because I heard everyone clapping.

Question 22.
Have you ever attended a concert? Write a few lines about it.
Answer:
Yes, I have’ attended a concert of Justin Bieber. It was so exciting to see my favourite popstar live on stage and to hear him singing my favouritesongs. It was quite ecstatic to be part of a crowd that were equally enthusiastic fans.

Question 23.
Write True or False for the statements :
(a) The narrator had heard of Bach.
(b) The narrator’s answer displeased Einstein.
(c) The upper room had a gramophone.
(d) The narrator liked the kind of music where he could follow the words.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False

Question 24.
Complete the following sentences : (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) The narrator could not understand music because …………………..
Answer:
(a) he was tone-deaf.

Question 25.
How were Einstein and the writer different in the way they listened to music?
Answer:
Einstein was used to listening to classical music, whereas the writer preferred songs that had words and the kind of music where he could follow the tune. Einstein had a keen ear for music, but the writer was tone-deaf and so could not understand music.

Question 26.
I’m not able to. (Rewrite using a modal auxiliary.)
Answer:
I cannot.

Question 27.
State what the underlined modal auxiliaries indicate :
(a) I must tell this man the truth.
(b) You can give me an example, perhaps?
Answer:
(a) compulsion – obligation
(b) formal request.

Question 28.
What do you learn from Einstein’s treatment of the young man?
Answer:
From Einstein’s treatment of the young man, we learn that Einstein expected others to be truthful. He questioned the young man and managed to persuade him into trying to understand another point of view. This shows Einstein as a man who gave importance to the perceptions of others, but at the same time, was quite persistent about his own viewpoint. Being a man of science, he liked to use the question-answer method to put across his point of view.

Question 29.
Complete the following :
(a) The writer thought that the simplest answerwas ……………………
Answer:
(a) to sing the lines back to him.

Question 30.
How did Einstein help the narrator appreciate music?
Answer:
Einstein made the narrator first hear Bing Crosby, who sang popular songs. The narrator was able to sing the lines back to Einstein. This was because he had heard it hundreds of times before. Not stopping at this, Einstein then made him hear a little more advanced song by John McCormack. Thus they went from lower level to higher level. In this way, Einstein helped the narrator to appreciate higher forms of music.

Question 31
Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form : (in order to, to get into, to work out)
(a) You should ……………………. Mathematics so that you can ………………. problems.
(b) He read the passage two or three times in ……………. understand it.
Answer:
(a) get Into, work out
(b) order to

Question 32.
The simplest answer seemed to be to sing the lines. So I sang it back to him.
Answer:
The simplest answer seemed to be to sing the lines. So I sang it back to him.

Question 33.
Add question tags:
(a) It proves everything.
(b) It’s like learning maths.
(c) Sing that back.
Answer:
(a) It proves everything, doesn’t it?
(b) It’s like learning maths, isn’t it?
(c) Sing that back, will you?

Question 34.
(1) What do you learn from Einstein’s treatment of the young man?
Answer:
From Einstein’s treatment of the young man we learn how patient and polite Einstein was. We come to know that he was a very good teacher, moving step by step in attempting to teach the young man to appreciate classical music. Also by using a comparison from maths and the question and answer method, Einstein comes across as a true scientist.

Question 35.
Do you think the comparison between music and arithmetic was a good one? In what way?
Answer:
Yes, I think that the comparison between music and arithmetic was a good one because music too involves timing, rhythm and beats that require some mathematical knowledge. Also Einstein showed how when we are taught arithmetic, we begin with the simple and then move on to the complicated. It is the same thing with music. From music with words – which is within the grasp of the average listener, Einstein progressed to music without words – which is what classical music is all about.

Question 36.
Choose the correct alternatives and fill in the blanks:
(1) Whenever the narrator hears the piece of Bach, he remembers ………………… (Einstein/the hostess)
(2) The hostess was …………. with the narrator. (happy/angry)
(3) Finally, the narrator …………….. the concert. (enjoyed/did not enjoy)
(4) Einstein was …………… with the narrator. (pleased/displeased)
Answer:
(1) Einstein
(2) angry
(3) enjoyed
(4) pleased

Question 37.
Complete the following:
(a) The narrator’s memory has an image of Einstein as …………………………
(b) The greatest act towards human beings is ……………………..
Answer:
(a) a small man with a shock of untidy hair and a pipe in his mouth.
(b) opening up the frontiers of beauty.

Question 38.
What does the last line tell you about Einstein?
Answer:
The last line tells us that Einstein believes in making others understand the joy there is in knowing the beauty that is all around us.

Question 39.
(1) Choose the correct meaning in the context of the passage:

(i) down:
(a) southwards
(b) downstairs
(c) soft feathers
Answer:
(b) down – downstairs

(ii) piece:
(a) a thing
(b) an example of artistic workmanship
(c) musical composition
Answer:
(c) piece – musical composition.

Question 40.
Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate phrases in their proper form: (to open up, to turn on, to turn off)
(a) His new discovery is …………………. new areas of research in digital technology.
Answer:
(a) opening-up

Question 41.
Write from the passage words that sound the same as:
(a) grate
(b) knew
(c) their
(d) peace
(e) sew
(f) two.
Answer:
(a) great
(b) new
(c) there
(d) piece
(e) so
(f) to.

Question 42.
Pick out from the passage words that refer to:
(a) an unfriendly expression on the face: ………………..
Answer:
(a) a cold look

Question 43.
I was the most important person in the world. (Rewrite in the comparative and positive degree.)
Answer:
(a) I was more important than any other person in the world. (Comparative)
(b) No other person in the world was as important as I was. (Positive)

Question 44.
Why, do you think, did the lady look ‘puzzled’?
Answer:
The lady believed that listening to classical music was the highest form of human activity. Einstein did not stay to listen. Instead he took the narrator to the next room and played songs on the gramophone. Through his efforts he was able to make the narrator really appreciate classical music. For Einstein, opening the minds of others to the appreciation of beauty was the highest form of human activity. This viewpoint ‘puzzled’ the lady.

Question 45.
(1) Write two compound words from the lesson.
(2) Identify the type of sentence: Please come with me.
(3) Punctuate the sentence: can you give me an example perhaps he said
(4) Write the hidden words in the given words: understand
(5) Frame a sentence using given the phrase: in order to
(6) Pick out the gerund and use it in your own sentence: It’s like learning maths.
(7) Spot the error and correct the sentence: I was hear everyone is clapping.
(8) Write the present and past participles of the given verbs: clap, rot.
Answer:
(1) anything, everything
(2) Imperative sentence
(3) “ Can you give me an example, perhaps?” he said.
(4) under, stand, sand, rest
(5) In order to succeed, one must work hard.
(6) gerund: learning Sentence: She is interested in learning French.
(7) I heard everyone clapping.
(8) clapping, clapped; rotting, rotted.

Question 46.
(1) The word ‘kind’ has two different meanings. Write sentences to bring out the two meanings.
(2) Rewrite the following sentence using the underlined verb in the present perfect continuous tense : Can you tell me what you just heard?
(3) I must tell this man the truth. (Rewrite beginning ‘This man…’)
Answer:
(1) (a) This was a different kind of music that he had never heard before, (a group of things having the same characteristics)
(b) The old lady was kind to the little children in the neighbourhood, (generous or considerate)
(2) Can you tell me what you have just been hearing?
(3) This man must be told the truth. (by me)

Question 47.
(1) Change to the positive degree of comparison. He was one of the kindest persons I ever met.
(2) Use the word ‘face’ as a noun as well as a verb in sentences.
Answer:
(1) Not many people I had ever met were as kind as he was.
(2) (a) He has an aristocratic face. (noun)
(b) Let us face the danger together.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.2 The Thief’s Story Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 1.2 The Thief’s Story

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.2 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Thief’s Story Class 10 Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board Question 1.
Read the following incident.
Lokesh had always been a class-topper in tests and examinations. However, invariably, he used foul means during exams to gain those high marks.

Once, on the day of History examination, Lokesh realized that his classmate and friend Farhan came all prepared for Maths instead of History. Farhan had become desperate. So Lokesh offered to let him copy from his answer-sheet, since Farhan sat just behind him.

Farhan refused. He said, ‘‘It’s all right even if I get a zero, but I can call it my own zero. I do not want to score a single mark, unearned. Cheating in exams is for cowards. Not me!’’

These words were a turning point in Lokesh’s life. He gave up cheating for ever. He worked hard for what he desired and never, ever used false measures to acquire anything.

(a) In the given story, which words/phrases can be replaced by the following ones?
(i) became aware …………………………
(ii) always …………………………
(iii) very upset and helpless …………………………
(iv) cheating …………………………
(v) without working for it …………………………
(vi) a sudden change …………………………
(vii) gain/achieve …………………………
Answer:
(i) became aware – realized
(ii) always – invariably
(iii) very upset and helpless – desperate
(iv) cheating – foul means
(v) without working for it – unearned
(vi) a sudden change – a turning point
(vii) gain/achieve – acquire

(b) Summarize the incident in 6 to 8 lines making Lokesh, the narrator :
Begin with : ‘I was always a class topper.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
I was always a class topper in tests and examinations. However, I have to accept that I invariably used false means to gain those high marks. Once, on the day of the History examination, Farhan became desperate as he had come prepared for Maths instead of History. I offered to let him copy from my answer sheet, but Farhan refused, saying that he did not want to score a single unearned mark, and that cheating was for cowards. This was the turning point in my life, and from that day I gave up cheating and learnt to work hard for whatever I wanted.

The Thief’s Story Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram.

Answer:

The Thief’s Story English Workshop Question 2.
Insert the appropriate word/phrase given below, in the sentences that follow. ( flattery, appealing, by fits and starts, dashed to, undetected, spirits rose )

(a) I …………………………… the school gate when I heard the school-bell ring.
Answer:
I dashed to the school gate when I heard the school-bell ring.

(b) After the death of my pet dog, my …………………………… when dad got me a new pup.
Answer:
After the death of my pet dog, my spirits rose when dad got me a new pup.

(c) Do not stoop to …………………………… just to gain something from someone.
Answer:
Do not stoop to flattery just to gain: something from someone.

(d) The artist completes his paintings …………………………… .
Answer:
The artist completes his paintings by fits and starts.

(e) The crime went …………………………… for 11 years.
Answer:
The crime went undetected for 11 years.

(f) When the baby saw its mother it gave an …………………………… smile.
Answer:
When the baby saw its mother, it gave an appealing smile.

The Thief’s Story Question And Answers Pdf SSC Question 3.
(a) Find from the text the collocation for the following.
(i) ……………………… dog
(ii) ……………………… man
(iii) ticket ………………………
(iv) ……………………… slowly
(v) ……………………… drizzle
(vi) ……………………… sentences
(vii) ……………………… spirits.
Answer:
(i) stray dog
(ii) greedy man
(iii) ticket office
(iv) walked slowly
(v) light drizzle
(vi) whole sentences
(vii) spirits rose

(b) Complete the compound words from the story.
(i) oil ………………………
(ii) fifty ………………………
(iii) easy ………………………
(iv) tower ………………………
(v) moon ………………………
Answer:
(i) oil rich
(ii) fifty rupee
(iii) easy going
(iv) clock tower
(v) moon light.

(c) Pick out from the story 3 or 4 examples of Code-mixing (Indian words used in English).
Answer:
Examples of code-mixing are:

• bazaar,
• maidan,
• pajamas.

The Thief Story Class 10 Question 4.
Read the story carefully and complete the table.

Total no. of characters	Names	Age	Physical appearance	Earned money by	Qualities

Answer:

Total no. of characters	Names	Ages	Physical appearance	Earned money by	Qualities
2	Anil	25	tall, lean, with a clear, unlined face	writing for magazines; writing books	kind, simple, easy-going, pleasant, forgiving, tactful
	Hari	15	thin, with many scars on the face	stealing and cheating people	cunning, shrewd, insincere, untruthful, ambitious, grateful

The Thief Story Class 10 Solutions Question 5.
Complete the given sentences.

(a) Anil kept Hari as a cook because ………………………..
(b) Hari was grateful ………………………..
(c) Hari continued making money ………………………..
(d) Anil didn’t hand Hari over to the police ………………………..
(e) The moral of the story is ………………………..
Answer:
(a) Anil kept Hari as a cook because he wanted someone to cook for him. He perhaps also felt sorry for Hari.
(b) Hari was grateful because Anil was teaching him to read, write and add numbers, and all this would be useful to him in his life.
(c) Hari continued making money by cheating Anil while buying the day’s supplies.
(d) Anil was probably too kind-hearted to hand Hari over to the police. He might also have thought that he could try to make an honest man of Hari. If he had handed Hari over to the police, Hari would’ probably have been very bitter and angry, and would have continued in his dishonest ways.
(e) The moral of the story is that if we are good, people are good to us in return. Even thieves respect goodness and kindness.

Question 6.
Think and write in your own words, in your notebook.

(a) Why did Anil employ Hari as a cook, although he could not afford to pay him?
Answer:
Anil wanted someone to cook for him. He felt that perhaps Hari could cook for him, and in i return he could feed him, as he could not afford to pay him. Anil was also kind-hearted and probably felt / sorry for Hari.

(b) What did Hari learn from Anil in the beginning?
Answer:
In the beginning, Anil taught Hari to cook and write his name.

(c) Why didn’t Anil hand over Hari to the police? What effect would it have had on Hari?
Answer:
Anil was probably too kind-hearted to hand Hari over to the police. He might also have thought that he could try to make an honest man of Hari. If he had handed Hari over to the police, Hari would’ probably have been very bitter and angry, and would have continued in his dishonest ways. Not handing him over to the police had a positive effect on Hari, and may have changed the way he lived his life.

(d) Do you feel Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective. Anil knew that Hari was not a hardened seasoned thief. He had realized that Hari really wished to learn to write whole sentences, get an education and become a big man. So by forgiving him and giving him the motivation to learn, he changed Hari. Handing him over to the police would have branded Hari a thief for life and the sudden reform might never have been possible.

(e) What tact had Anil used to change Hari’s dishonest ways?
Answer:
Anil had ignored Hari’s attempts at robbing him. He had then encouraged Hari by saying that they would start writing sentences, for he knew that I this was what Hari wished for wholeheartedly. Anilprovided motivation for Hari to change his ways.

(f) ‘And the smile came by itself without any effort.’ Say why. When do people give fake smiles?
Answer:
People give fake smiles when they are not happy with the situation they are in, or they realize that the other person is trying to cheat them or they want to get something.

Question 7.
Write a character sketch of ‘Hari Singh’ with the help of the following points, using the paragraph format.
Hari Singh’ s background ……………………….
His dishonesty ……………………….
His aspirations ……………………….
His courage to change himself. ……………………….
Answer:
Hari Singh was fifteen years old, but already an experienced and fairly successful thief. He used to change his name frequently so as to hoodwink his former employers and the police. He even cheated Anil when he went to buy the daily supply of groceries. However, he wished to get an education so that he could become a big and respected man, who would be able to achieve a lot.

He stole a large sum of money from Anil, but regretted it when he realized that in doing so he had lost his only chance of getting an education. He was courageous enough to return the money, even though he knew that he might be caught in the process. However, his desire to change himself is so great that it motivates him and gives him courage to return to Anil.

Question 8.
Frame ‘Wh’ questions to get the answers underlined below. (Change the first-person pronouns to the second person where necessary.)
(a) I hurried back to the room.
(b) I had made a study of men’s faces.
(c) I drew them out, without a sound.
(d) The poor man showed acceptance.
(e) I made tea in the morning.
Answer:
(a) Where did you hurry back to?
(b) What had you made?
(c) How did you draw them out?
(d) Who showed acceptance?
(e) When did you make tea?

Question 9.
Imagine that Anil catches Hari red-handed when Hari is stealing the money from under the mattress. Compose a short dialogue between the two, which reflects Anil’s shock and Hari’s repeated apologies.
Answer:
Anil: Who’s that? Hari? What are you doing?
Hari: Um..nothing; I was just seeing if your money was safe.
Anil: You mean you were trying to steal my money. You are dressed; you were planning to rob me and run away! Yes, that’s it!
Hari: I’m sorry, Anil, I’m sorry.
Anil: How can you steal from the hand that feeds you? I thought you would have improved! Don’t you want to read and write properly? Do maths?
Hari: I did not think about it. I’m sorry, really sorry.
Anil: Alright, I’ll overlook this, providing you promise I me never to steal again, from me or from anyone else.
Hari: Yes, yes, I promise. Will you really forgive me and continue to teach me?
Anil: Yes. I hope you keep your word,
Hari: Thank you. I’ll keep my word. I promise. Sorry once again.

Question 10.
Choose the correct alternatives from the given options and rewrite the sentences:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.) (appealing, casually, flattery, well-oiled)
Answer:

• I followed casually.
• Anil talked about the well-oiled wrestlers.
• I gave him my most appealing smile.
• A little flattery helps in making friends.

Question 11.
The narrator changed his name every month.
Answer:
The narrator was a thief. He changed his name every month to fool the police and his former employers.

Question 12.
Find similar meanings from the passage for the following:
(1) endearing
(2) miscalculated
(3) humbly
(4) awful
Answer:
(1) appealing
(2) misjudged
(3) modestly
(4) terrible.

Question 13.
I can’t pay you. (Rewrite making it affirmative.)
Answer:
I am unable to pay you.

Question 14.
“I want to work for you,” I said.
(Change into indirect speech.)
Answer:
I said that I wanted to work for him.

Question 15.
‘We should learn from our own mistakes.’ Explain.
Answer:
First of all, we should accept and understand that we have made a mistake. Then we should analyse and find out what went wrong. Everyone makes l mistakes, but we should learn our lesson from them,Only then will we be able to progress and become good human beings. However, learning from the mistakes of others is probably a better option.

Question 16.
Write whether the following sentences are True or False: (The answers are given directly and: underlined.)
Answer:
(1) In the beginning, Anil taught Hari to cook and write his name. – True
(2) Anil writes for magazines for a living. – True
(3) Hari liked working for Anil. – True
(4) Anil kept a small bundle of notes in a cupboard. – False

Question 17.
Describe the favors Anil did for the narrator.
Answer:
Anil took Hari to his room and told him that he could sleep on the balcony. Even though the meal that Hari cooked that night was terrible, Anil allowed him to live with him. He later taught Hari to cook and write his name. He also ignored the fact that Hari made a little money by cheating him while buying the day’s supplies.

Question 18.
What proves that the narrator still practiced deceit?
Answer:
The narrator cheated his employer Anil while buying the day’s supplies. This proves that he still practiced deceit.

Question 19.
Anil gave it to a stray dog and told me to be off.
Answer:
gave, told – simple past tense.

Question 20.
It seems he wrote for magazines – a queer way to make a living.
Answer:
seems – simple present tense; wrote – simple past tense.

Question 21.
Add a question tag:
Anil kept worrying about his next cheque.
Answer:
Anil kept worrying about his next cheque, didn’t he?

Question 22.
Anil knew he was being robbed yet he did not say anything. What would you have done in Anil’s place?
Answer:
Cheating and robbing small amounts can lead to bigger thefts. If I were Anil, the moment I knew that I was being robbed, I would have warned him. If he cheated again, I would certainly have told him to be off.

Question 23.
Explain how Hari justified his intention of < stealing the money.
Answer:
Hari thought that he was out of practice and that it was time that he stole some big amount. He also felt that it was alright to take the money for Anil ! did not pay him a salary. Hari tried to justify his act s by convincing himself that Anil, otherwise, would.havewasted that money on his friends.

Question 24.
Write the adjective forms of the following words:
(1) opportunity
(2) pleasure
(3) sleep
(4) situation
Answer:
(1) opportune
(2) pleasant
(3) sleepy/sleepless
(4) situational

Question 25.
Cross the odd man out: (The answer words are crossed out directly and explanation is given in brackets under each group.)
Answer:

1. blanket, magazine, maintain, mattress.
   (maintain is a verb; the others are nouns)
2. rob, take, search.
   (time is a noun; the others are verbs)
3. queer, small, greedy, plettspre.
   (pleasure is a noun; the others are adjectives)
4. quickly, mostly, rfipqty, peacefully
   (money is a noun; the others are adverbs)

Question 26.
He was the most trusting person I had ever met. (Rewrite using ‘never’.)
Answer:
I had never met a more trusting person than he is.

Question 27.
I had not done anything in my line of work. (Rewrite without ‘not’)
Answer:
I had yet to do something in my line of work.

Question 28.
Rewrite the following sentences by adding the correct tail tag from those given in the brackets: (does he?, didn’t he?, isn’t it?, wasn’t he?, doesn’t he?, is it?)
(1) Anil was sleeping peacefully.
(2) He doesn’t even notice he’s been robbed.
(3) It’s difficult to rob a careless man.
Answer:
(1) Anil was sleeping peacefully, wasn’t he?
(2) He doesn’t even notice he’s been robbed, does
(3) It’s difficult to rob a careless man, isn’t it?

Question 29.
What could have caused the scars on Hari’sface?
Answer:
Hari was a thief. He probably had got into fights while robbing people. He could also have been inbad company and got into fights with his companions, and someone might have injured him with a knife or any other sharp object. This could have led to scars on his face.

Question 30.
What will you do if you are robbed by ! someone you know very well? !
Answer:
If I am robbed by someone I know very well, I will firstly thrash out the matter with the thief frankly. I will then cut off my friendship with him/her and take care to keep my belongings under lock and key. I will also keep a close watch on his/her actions,

Question 31.
Choose the correct alternatives from the given options:
Answer:
(1) The Lucknow Express had picked up/not picked up speed. not picked up
(2) Hari wanted to/did not want to stay at a hotel. did not want to
(3) On discovering the theft, Anil would feel sad for the loss of his money/the loss of trust. the loss of trust
(4) Hari had never bought/always bought a ticket in his life. never bought

Question 32.
Hari believed that friends were more trouble than help.
Answer:
Hari was a thief. In his line of work, friends would probably try to borrow from him or give away his whereabouts to the police. Or perhaps they would create trouble for him to save themselves. Hence he felt that friends were more trouble.

Question 33.
When I reached the station I did not stop at the ticket office.
Answer:
(a) Compound sentence: 1 reached the station but (I) did not stop at the ticket office.
(b) Simple sentence: I did not stop at the ticket office on reaching the station/After reaching the station, I did not stop at the ticket office.

Question 34.
When the train had gone, I found myself standing alone on the deserted platform.
Answer:
(a) Compound sentence: The train had gone and I found myself standing alone on the deserted platform.
(b) Simple sentence: The train having gone, I found myself standing alone on the deserted platform.

Question 35.
What is face-reading? Can you read faces?
Answer:
Face-reading is observing the expressions and emotions on thc faces of people and Interpreting them correctly. I am observant and read faces quite well. I am trying to improve this ability.

Question 36.
Fill in the blanks with the correct options from the brackets: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) Han felt very nervous when he returned to the room that night. (nervous/excited)
(2) Han slipped the notes under the edge of the mattress. (bed / mattress)
(3) Hail’s heart sank when he thought that his theft had been discovered. (undetected /discovered)
(4) Anil was asleep when Hart returned to the room. (awake/asleep)

Question 37.
Rearrange the sentences in the order of occurrence:
(1) He crept to the head of the bed.
(2) He slipped the notes under the mattress.
(3) He opened the door quietly.
(4) He went back to the room.
Answer:
(4) He went back to the room.
(3) He opened the door quietly.
(1) He crept to the head of the bed.
(2) He slipped the notes under the mattress.

Question 38.
Describe Hari’s regrets as he pondered over his theft.
Answer:
As he pondered over his theft, Hari regretted ! that henceforth he could not cook Anil’s meals, runto the bazaar or learn to write whole sentences any S more. He regretted that he would not become a big! man, clever and respected.

Question 39.
Does Anil realize that he has been robbed?
Answer:
Yes, Anil realises that he has been robbed.

Question 40.
‘And the smile came by itself without any effort.’ Say why.
OR
Explain why Hari gave a genuine appeal! smile.
Answer:
Hari regretted what he had done. He went; back to Anil in order to get an education. He realised that Anil knew about the theft. He was relieved and happy that Anil had decided to ignore what had happened and to teach him to write whole sentences.

Anil’s response brought forth a change of heart in – Hari. So, instead of his usual affected smile, a genuine appealing smile came upon Hari’s face.

Question 41.
What tact had Anil used to change Hari’s dishonest ways?

Question 42.
Rewrite using the modal auxiliary ‘might’.
He would probably have given me two or three rupees to go to the cinema.
Answer:
He might have given me two or three rupees to go to the cinema.

Question 43.
Whole sentences, I knew, could one day bring me more than a few hundred rupees.
Answer:
Whole sentences, I knew, might one day bring me more than a few hundred rupees.

Question 44.
Why didn’t Anil hand Hari over to the police? What effect would it have on Hari?
Answer:
Anil was probably too kind-hearted to hand Hari over to the police. He might also have thought that he could try to make an honest man of Hari. If he had handed Hari over to the police, Hari would’ probably have been very bitter and angry, and would have continued in his dishonest ways. Not handing him over to the police had a positive effect on Hari, and may have changed the way he lived his life.

Question 45.
Do you feel Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Anil’s way of handling a thief like Hari was effective. Anil knew that Hari was not a hardened seasoned thief. He had realized that Hari really wished to learn to write whole sentences, get an education and become a big man. So by forgiving him and giving him the motivation to learn, he changed Hari. Handing him over to the police would have branded Hari a thief for life and the sudden reform might never have been possible.

Question 46.
Punctuate: I asked can you feed me
Answer:

• There was a touch of sadness in the face of the beautiful woman.
• My hand found the edge of the mattress.
• publisher – publish, brush, (blush, plush, slurp).
• I wanted to get a good book from the library.
• Interrogative sentence.
• present participle-robbing; past participle- robbed.
• I asked, “Can you feed me?”

Question 47.
Do as directed (Medium Level Activities):
(1) Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: knew
(2) I took a new name every month. (Change the voice beginning A new …)
(3) Anil talked about the well-oiled wrestlers. (Rewrite using the past progressive tense of the verb.)
(4) “Well,” I said modestly, “I do wrestle a bit.” (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
(1) (i) The boy knew the poem very well,
(ii) The jacket was new and expensive.
(2) A new name was taken by me every month.
(3) Anil was talking about the well-oiled wrestlers.
(4) I modestly said that I did wrestle a bit.

Question 48.
Do as directed (Challenging Activities):
(1) Use the following word as a verb and a noun in two separate sentences: cook
(2) Analyse the sentence:
I was still a thief when I met Anil.
Answer:
(1) (i) We cook fresh meals daily at home. (verb)
(ii) The new cook resigned from his job after just two days, (noun)

(2) Complex Sentence:
I was still a thief – Main Clause ; when
I met Anil – adverb clause of time.

Question 49.
Prepare a short character sketch of Anil.
Answer:
Anil was a kind, simple and easy-going young man. He was tall and lean in stature and interested in sports like wrestling. He was not very rich, and could not afford to employ Hari as a cook. He had the patience and goodness to not only teach Hari to cook but also to read, write and add numbers. Though he knew that Hari was making a profit out of the grocery purchase, he ignored this fact.

Anil was a writer who wrote for magazines and made money in fits and starts. He was a very trusting person. Even when he earned a large amount of money, he kept the money under his mattress and not under lock and key. He was generous and paid Hari when he got some money, even though he knew that Hari had tried to steal the money from him. He was forgiving, for he forgave Hari the theft and continued to be good to him.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 1.3 Geometry 10th Class Maths Part 2 Answers Solutions Chapter 1 Similarity.

Practice Set 1.3 Geometry 10th Std Maths Part 2 Answers Chapter 1 Similarity

Practice Set 1.3 Question 1.
In the adjoining figure, ∠ABC = 75°, ∠EDC = 75°. State which two triangles are similar and by which test? Also write the similarity of these two triangles by a proper one to one correspondence.

Solution:
In ∆ABC and ∆EDC,
∠ABC ≅ ∠EDC [Each angle is of measure 75°]
∠ACB ≅ ∠ECD [Common angle]
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆EDC [AA test of similarity]
One to one correspondence is
ABC ↔ EDC

Similarity Class 10 Practice Set 1.3 Question 2.
Are the triangles in the adjoining figure similar? If yes, by which test?

Solution:
In ∆PQR and ∆LMN,
\(\frac { PQ }{ LM } \) = \(\frac { 6 }{ 3 } \) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 1 } \) (i)
\(\frac { QR }{ MN } \) = \(\frac { 8 }{ 4 } \) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 1 } \) (ii)
\(\frac { PR }{ LN } \) = \(\frac { 10 }{ 5 } \) = \(\frac { 2 }{ 1 } \) (iii)
∴ \(\frac { PQ }{ LM } \) = \(\frac { QR }{ MN } \) = \(\frac { PR }{ LN } \) [From (i), (ii) and (iii)]
∴ ∆PQR – ∆LMN [SSS test of similarity]

Similarity Practice Set 1.3 Question 3.
As shown in the adjoining figure, two poles of height 8 m and 4 m are perpendicular to the ground. If the length of shadow of smaller pole due to sunlight is 6 m, then how long will be the shadow of the bigger pole at the same time?

Solution:
Here, AC and PR represents the bigger and smaller poles, and BC and QR represents their shadows respectively.
Now, ∆ACB – ∆PRQ [ ∵ Vertical poles and their shadows form similar figures]
∴ \(\frac { CB }{ RQ } \) = \(\frac { AC }{ PR } \) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles]
∴ \(\frac { x }{ 6 } \) = \(\frac { 8 }{ 4 } \)
∴ \(x=\frac{8 \times 6}{4}\)
∴ x = 12 m
∴ The shadow of the bigger pole will be 12 metres long at that time.

Practice Set 1.3 Geometry 10th Maharashtra Board Question 4.
In ∆ABC, AP ⊥ BC, BQ ⊥ AC, B – P – C, A – Q – C, then prove that ∆CPA – ∆CQB. If AP = 7, BQ = 8, BC = 12, then find AC.

Solution:
In ∆CPA and ∆CQB,
∠CPA ≅ ∠CQB [Each angle is of measure 90°]
∠ACP ≅ ∠BCQ [Common angle]
∴ ∆CPA ~ ∆CQB [AA test of similarity]
∴\(\frac { AC }{ BC } \) = \(\frac { AP }{ BQ } \) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles]
∴ \(\frac { AC }{ 12 } \) = \(\frac { 7 }{ 8 } \)
∴ AC = \(x=\frac{12 \times 7}{8}\)
∴ AC = 10.5 Units

10th Geometry Practice Set 1.3 Question 5.
Given: In trapezium PQRS, side PQ || side SR, AR = 5 AP, AS = 5 AQ, then prove that SR = 5 PQ.

Solution:
side PQ || side SR [Given]
and seg SQ is their transversal.
∴ ∠QSR = ∠SQP [Altemate angles]
∴ ∠ASR = ∠AQP (i) [Q – A – S]
In ∆ASR and ∆AQP,
∠ASR = ∠AQP [From (i)]
∠SAR ≅ ∠QAP [Vertically opposite angles]
∆ASR ~ ∆AQP [AA test of similarity]
∴ \(\frac { AS }{ AQ } \) = \(\frac { SR }{ PQ } \) (ii) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles]
But, AS = 5 AQ [Given]
∴ \(\frac { AS }{ AQ } \) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 1 } \) (iii)
∴ \(\frac { SR }{ PQ } \) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 1 } \) [From (ii) and (iii)]
∴ SR = 5 PQ

Practice Set 1.3 Geometry 10th Question 6.
Id trapezium ABCD (adjoining figure), side AB || side DC, diagonals AC and BD intersect in point O. If AB = 20, DC = 6, OB = 15, then find OD.

Solution:
side AB || side DC [Given]
and seg BD is their transversal.
∴ ∠DBA ≅ ∠BDC [Alternate angles]
∴ ∠OBA ≅ ∠ODC (i) [D – O – B]
In ∆OBA and ∆ODC
∠OBA ≅ ∠ODC [From (i)]
∠BOA ≅ ∠DOC [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ ∆OBA ~ ∆ODC [AA test of similarity]
∴ \(\frac { OB }{ OD } \) = \(\frac { AB }{ DC } \) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles]
∴ \(\frac { 15 }{ OD } \) = \(\frac { 20 }{ 6 } \)
∴ OD = \(x=\frac{15 \times 6}{20}\)
∴ OD = 4.5 units

Class 10 Geometry Practice Set 1.3 Question 7.
꠸ ABCD is a parallelogram. Point E is on side BC. Line DE intersects ray AB in point T. Prove that DE × BE = CE × TE.

Solution:
Proof:
꠸ ABCD is a parallelogram. [Given]
∴ side AB || side CD [Opposite sides of a parallelogram]
∴ side AT || side CD [A – B – T]
and seg DT is their transversal.
∴ ∠ATD ≅ ∠CDT [Alternate angles]
∴ ∠BTE ≅ ∠CDE (i) [A – B – T, T – E – D]
In ∆BTE and ∆CDE,
∠BTE ≅ ∠CDE [From (i)]
∠BET ≅ ∠CED [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ ∆BTE ~ ∆CDE. [AA test of similarity]
∴ \(\frac { TE }{ DE } \) = \(\frac { BE }{ CE } \) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles]
∴ DE × BE = CE × TE

Geometry Practice Set 1.3 Question 8.
In the adjoining figure, seg AC and seg BD intersect each other in point P and \(\frac { AP }{ CP } \) = \(\frac { BP }{ DP } \) Prove that, ∆ABP ~ ∆CDP

Solution:
Proof:
In ∆ABP and ∆CDP,
\(\frac { AP }{ CP } \) = \(\frac { BP }{ DP } \) [Given]
∠APB ≅ ∠CPD [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ ∆ABP ~ ∆CDP [SAS test of similarity]

Math 2 Practice Set 1.3 Question 9.
In the adjoining figure, in ∆ABC, point D is on side BC such that, ∠BAC = ∠ADC. Prove that, CA² = CB × CD,

Solution:
Proof:
In ∆BAC and ∆ADC,
∠BAC ≅ ∠ADC [Given]
∠BCA ≅ ∠ACD [Common angle]
∴ ∆BAC ~ ∆ADC [AA test of similarity]
∴ \(\frac { CA }{ CD } \) = \(\frac { CB }{ CA } \) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles]
∴ CA × CA = CB × CD
∴ CA² = CB × CD

Question 1.
In the adjoining figure, BP ⊥ AC, CQ ⊥ AB, A – P – C, A – Q – B, then prove that ∆APB and ∆AQC are similar. (Textbook pg. no. 20)

Solution:

2. SAS test for similarity of triangles:
For a given correspondence, if two pairs of corresponding sides are in the same proportion and the angle between them is congruent, then the two triangles are similar.

In the given figure, if \(\frac { AB }{ PQ } \) = \(\frac { BC }{ QR } \), and ∠B ≅∠Q, then ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR

3. SSS test for similarity of triangles:
For a given correspondence, if three sides of one triangle are in proportion with the corresponding three sides of the another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.

In the given figure, if \(\frac { AB }{ PQ } \) = \(\frac { BC }{ QR } \) = \(\frac { AC }{ PR } \), then ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR

Properties of similar triangles:

1. Reflexivity: ∆ABC ~ ∆ABC
2. Symmetry : If ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF, then ∆DEF ~ ∆ABC.
3. Transitivity: If ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF and ∆DEF ~ ∆GHI, then ∆ABC ~ ∆GHI.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 13 हिरवंगार झाडासारखं Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Aksharbharati Solutions Chapter 13 हिरवंगार झाडासारखं

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Chapter 13 हिरवंगार झाडासारखं Textbook Questions and Answers

(१) चौकटी पूर्ण करा.
(अ) कवीने झाडाला दिलेली उपमा
(आ) पानझडीनंतरचे, नवी वस्त्रे धारण करणारे झाड म्हणजे
(इ) कवीच्या मते उत्साही आयुष्य म्हणजे
(ई) अलगद उतरणारे थेंब
उत्तरः
(उ) फुटते शरीरभर पालवी याचा अर्थ
(अ) कवीने झाडाला दिलेली उपमा – ध्यानस्थ ऋषी
(आ) पानझडीनंतरचे, नवी वस्त्रे धारण करणारे झाड म्हणजे – नवी नवरी
(इ) कवीच्या मते उत्साही आयुष्य म्हणजे – फुलासारखं टवटवीत
(ई) अलगद उतरणारे थेंब – दव।
(उ) फुटते शरीरभर पालवी याचा अर्थ – नवउत्साह

(२) आकृती पूर्ण करा.

उत्तरः

(३) एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.
(अ) झाडाच्या जीवनाचं गाणं कशात दडलेलं असतं?

(आ) झाडाच्या मुळावर घाव घातल्यावर त्याची प्रतिक्रिया काय असते?
उत्तरः
ते घाव झाड मुकाट्याने सहन करते.

(४) ‘पानझडीनंतर’ हे उत्तर येईल असा प्रश्न तयार करा.
उत्तर:
झाड नवीन वस्त्र केव्हां धारण करते?

(५) खालील ओळींचा तुम्हांला कळलेला अर्थ लिहा.

(अ) हसावं कसं सळसळत्या पानासारखं.
उत्तरः
झाडांच्या पानांची हवेने होणारी सळसळ विलक्षण असते.

सर्व दुःखे बाजूला ठेवून पानांच्या सळसळीसारखे हसले पाहिजे अशी कवीची भावना आहे. सळसळणारी पाने एकत्र असतात. त्याचप्रमाणे इतरांनाही हसण्यात सामील करून घेता आले पाहिजे. आनंदी जीवन जगण्यासाठी हे गुण अंगी बाणवावेत असा कवीने सुंदर संदेश दिला आहे. सळसळणारी पाने हवेमुळे, पक्ष्यांच्या मंजुळ गाण्यामुळे उत्साही असतात. असेच उत्साहाने, आनंदाने जीवनात हसत रहावे, प्रफुल्लित रहावे अशी कवीची भावना आहे.

(आ) जगावं कसं तर? हिरवंगार झाडासारखं.
उत्तर:
हिरवंगार झाडासारखं’ या कवितेत कवी ‘जॉर्ज लोपीस’ यांनी मानवाचे जीवन झाडाशी किती सुसंगत आहे याचे उत्तम दर्शन घडवले आहे. झाडाचे अनेक गुण जीवनात आचरण्यासारखे आहेत, हा उपयुक्त संदेश त्यांनी कवितेतून दिला आहे. जीवनात ‘मौन’ अनेकवेळा उपयुक्त असते. झाडही ऋषीसारखे मौन धरून तपश्चर्या करीत असते. ‘मौन’ धरून तपश्चर्या करणे हा झाडाचा गुण उपयुक्त ठरतो. झाड पक्ष्यांना आसरा देते, पण त्यांच्याकडून कोणतीही अपेक्षा ठेवीत नाही. मानवाने विना अपेक्षेने दुसऱ्यांना सहकार्य केले पाहिजे. झाडासारखे दातृत्व अंगी बाणले पाहिजे. झाड कितीही संकटे, वादळे आली तरी घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे असते. माणसानेही कठीण प्रसंगी न घाबरता घट्टपणे उभे राहून संकटांशी सामना केला पाहिजे. झाडाचा हिरवेगारपणा, प्रफुल्लितपणा, ताजेपणा बघून आयुष्यात प्रफुल्लित राहिले पाहिजे. नकारात्मकतेची मरगळ झटकून हिरवेगार झाडासारखे ताजेतवाने जगावे असे कवी म्हणतो. मुळावर घाव घातला तरी झाडाची सहनशीलता ढळत नाही. सहनशीलता हा गुण झाडाकडून घ्यावा. हिरव्यागार झाडासारखे अनेक गुणांना आत्मसात करून जगावे असा संदेश कवी देत आहे.

(६) काव्यसौंदर्य.

(अ) खालील ओळींचे रसग्रहण करा.
‘झाडांच्या पानावरून वहीच्या पानावर अलगद उतरतात दवांचे टपोरे थेंब’

(आ) ‘झाडाचे मानवी जीवनातील स्थान’, याविषयी तुमचे विचार लिहा.
उत्तरः
झाडांचे मानवी जीवनातील स्थान अतुलनीय आहे. संपूर्ण पर्यावरण झाडांवर अवलंबून आहे. निसर्गाचे संतुलन राखण्यात झाडे अग्रेसर आहेत. झाडांमुळे फळे, फुले, औषधे तर मिळतांतच; पण थकलेल्या जीवाला सावली मिळते. झाडांमुळे पाऊस पडतो. झाडे मानवी जीवनातील ‘श्वास’ च आहेत. त्यावाचून आपले जीवन जगणे अशक्य आहे.

(इ) ‘झाडापासून आनंदी जगणे शिकावे’, या विधानातील विचार स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
झाड कोणत्याही परिस्थितीत घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे असते. वाऱ्याच्या झुळूकीबरोबर पानांच्या सळसळाटीने हसते. पक्ष्यांच्या मंजुळ गाण्याबरोबर जीवनाचे गाणे गाते. आपल्या विशाल सावलीत मुसाफिरांना कवेत घेते. पावसाळ्यात हिरवेगार ताजेतवाने होऊन न्हाऊन निघते. पानझडीनंतर नव्या नवरीसारखा नवीन वेष धारण करते. दातृत्व हा झाडाचा मोठाच गुण आहे. फळे, फुले बहरली की झाडे ती दुसऱ्यांच्या पदरात दान करते. संपूर्ण आयुष्य हिरवगार होऊन जगते. अशाच प्रकारे माणसानेही सहनशीलता, सहकार्याची वृत्ती, कठीण प्रसंगातही घट्ट पाय रोवून ठेवण्याची वृत्ती जोपासली तर त्याचेही जीवन आनंदाने भरून जाईल.

Marathi Akshar Bharati Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 13 हिरवंगार झाडासारखं Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न १.खालील कवितेच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा,
कृती १: आकलन कृती

(१) आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

(iii) चौकटी पूर्ण करा.

(२) खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे एका वाक्यात लिहा.
(i) झाड कोणासारखे बसते? उत्तरः झाड ध्यानस्थ ऋषीसारखे बसते.
(ii) झाड कोणाचे आहे? उत्तरः झाड पक्ष्यांचे आहे.
(iii) झाडांच्या जीवनाचे एक संथ गाणे कोठे दडले आहे?
उत्तरः
पक्ष्यांच्या मंजुळ नादात झाडांच्या जीवनाचे एक संथ गाणे दडले आहे.

(iv) झाडाच्या मुळावर घाव घातला तर झाड काय करते?
उत्तरः
झाडाच्या मुळावर घाव घातला तर झाड मुकाट सहन करते.

(३) कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) …………………………… झाडांचे कुणीच नसतात तरीही झाड त्याचं असतं. (प्राणी, माणसे, पक्षी, किटक)
(ii) झाडाकडे टक लावून पाहिलं तर …………………………… विरघळतो हिरवा रंग. (शरीरभर, जमिनीवर, पाण्यात, आकाशात)
(iii) पक्ष्यांच्या …………………………… नादात झाडाचंही जीवनाचं एक संथ गाणे दडलेले असते. (मधूर, गोड, मंजुळ, सुरेल)
उत्तर:
(i) पक्षी
(ii) शरीरभर
(iii) मंजुळ.

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

(१) उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) मुळावरचे घाव मुकाट सहन करते – [झाड]
(ii) वहीच्या पानावर अलगद उतरतात – [दवाचे थेंब]
(iii) सरसावलेले असतात – [झाडाचे बाहू]

(२) ‘पालवी’ उत्तर येईल असा प्रश्न तयार करा.
उत्तरः
शरीरभर काय फुटते?

(३) आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

(४) सहसंबंध लिहा.
(i) शरीरभर विरघळतो : हिरवा रंग : : क्षणभर रक्त : …………………………. .
(ii) हसावं कसं : सळसळत्या पानासारखं : : जगावं कसं तर? …………………………. .
उत्तर:
(i) हिरवेगार
(ii) हिरवंगार झाडासारखं

(५) काव्यपंक्तींचा योग्य क्रम लावा.
(i) हसावं कसं सळसळत्या पानासारखं
(ii) शरीरभर विरघळतो हिरवा रंग
(iii) झाडांच्या पानावरून वहीच्या पानावर अलगद उतरतात दवांचे टपोरे थेंब
(iv) रोजचं चिंतन करावं कसं तर झाडासारखं!
उत्तर:
(i) झाडांच्या पानावरून वहीच्या पानावर अलगद उतरतात दवांचे टपोरे थेंब
(ii) शरीरभर विरघळतो हिरवा रंग
(iii) हसावं कसं सळसळत्या पानासारखं
(iv) रोजचं चिंतन करावं कसं तर झाडासारखं!

(६) चूक की बरोबर ते लिहा.
(i) रक्त होते क्षणभर लालेलाल
(ii) जगावं कसं तर? हिरवंगार झाडासारखं
उत्तर:
(i) चूक
(ii) बरोबर

कृती ३: कवितेतील शब्दांचा अर्थ

(१) खालील कवितेतील शब्दांचा अर्थ लिहा.
(i) मुसाफिर
(ii) आयुष्य
(iii) खुडणे
(iv) टवटवीत
उत्तर:
(i) प्रवासी
(ii) जीवन
(iii) तोडणे
(iv) ताजे

कृती ४: काव्यसौंदर्य

(१) पुढील ओळींचे अर्थसौंदर्य स्पष्ट करा.
(i) ‘झाडाचे बाहु सरसावलेले असतात मुसाफिरांना कवेत घेण्यासाठी’
उत्तरः
झाडाची सहकार्याची वृत्ती विलक्षण असते. परोपकाराची भावना त्यांच्या मनात सतत जागी असते. आपल्या सर्वदूर पसरलेल्या फांद्यांमुळे झाड कडक उन्हात वाटसरूंना गारेगार सावली देते त्यांचा थकवा दूर करतं. जणू आपले बाहू पसरवून हे झाड मुसाफिरांना म्हणजे वाटसरूंना आपल्या कवेत घेते, असे वाटते.

(ii) ‘पक्षी झाडांचे कुणीच नसतात तरीही झाड त्यांचं असतं
उत्तरः
पक्षी झाडांवर सतत येत असतात. घरटे बांधून राहतात.

काम झाले की, फळे चाखून, खाऊन पुन्हा दुसरीकडे उडून जातात. झाड त्यांना निवारा देते, अन्न देते. ऊन-पावसापासून रक्षण करते, पण जेव्हा झाडावर घाव घातले जातात, ते कापले जाते तेव्हां पक्षी स्वत:चाच विचार करून झाडावरून उडून जातात. परंतु, झाड मात्र हिरवेगार असताना येणाऱ्या पक्ष्यांना कधीही अडवत नाही, आश्रय नाकारत नाही. म्हणूनच पक्षी झाडांचे कुणीही नसून झाड त्यांचे असते असे कवी म्हणतात. पुढील काव्यपंक्तीतील तुम्हांला समजलेला विचार तुमच्या भाषेत स्पष्ट करा.

‘झाड बसते ध्यानस्थ ऋषिसारखं मौन व्रत धारण करून, तपश्चर्या करत……….
उत्तर:
झाड अचल असते. ते काहीही न बोलता एका ठिकाणी अढळ उभे असते. ऋषीमुनी जसे तपश्चर्येला ध्यान लावून बसतात. त्याचप्रमाणे झाडही मौन व्रतात उभे असते. बाह्य गोष्टींच्या सर्व परिणामांना ते बिना तक्रार सहन करत असते. पक्षी येतात जातात, झाडांच्या मुळांवरही कधी घाव बसतो. पानझड होते तरी झाड स्थिर व सहनशील असते. कठीण प्रसंगातही पाय
घट्ट रोवून ध्यानस्थ ऋषिसारखे शांत असते.

(५) झाडासारखे घट्ट पाय रोवण्यासाठी माणसाने काय काय करावे स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे राहणे हा झाडाचा गुण आहे. माणसानेही कोणत्याही परिस्थितीला न घाबरता सामोरे जावे. संकटांशी सामना करावा, झाडांसारखी सहनशीलता शिकावी. झाड आपल्या मुळांवर घाव बसला तरी मुकाट्याने सहन करते. आयुष्यात किती ही संकटे आली तरी सहन करून त्यातून मार्ग काढता येणे गरजेचे आहे. नव्या उमेदीने पुन्हा नव्या पालवीसारखे प्रफुल्लीत राहायला शिकावे. झाडासारखे चिंतन करावे. झाडासारखे घट्ट पाय रोवून जीवनात मुरावे.

प्रश्न २. दिलेल्या मुद्यांच्या आधारे कवितेसंबंधी पुढील कृती सोडवाः

(१) प्रस्तुत कवितेचे कवी/कवयित्री:
जॉर्ज लोपीस

(२) प्रस्तुत कवितेचा विषयः
आनंदी जीवन जगण्यासाठी माणसाने झाडाचे सर्व गुण आपल्या अंगी बाणवावेत असा विचार मांडला आहे.

(३) प्रस्तुत कवितेतील दिलेल्या ओळींचा सरळ अर्थ: मुळावर घाव घातला तरी झाड मुकाट सहन करते झाडांच्या पानावरून वहीच्या पानावर अलगद उतरतात दवांचे टपोरे थेंब झाड छाया देते, निवारा देते, फळे-फुले सर्व काही इतरांना देते. परोपकार हा त्याचा गुणधर्मच आहे. निर्दयी मानव जेव्हा आपल्या फायद्यासाठी या झाडाच्या मुळावर घाव घालतो तेव्हा देखील झाड बिनतक्रार ते सहन करते. झाडांची कत्तल होत असताना झाडाच्या पानांवरील दवबिंदू घरंगळत जणू वहीतील शब्दांमध्ये डोकावतात व आपली करुण कहाणी शब्दांकीत करतात याचाच अर्थ असा की, झाडांपासून कागद, वह्या बनविल्या जातात आणि मग अशा वहिच्या पानावर कोणीतरी कवी, लेखक झाडाचे दुःख नेमक्या शब्दांत लिहून काढतो. जणू झाडाच्या शरीरावर बसलेल्या घावाचे रूपांतर दवांच्या टपोऱ्या थेंबात होते असे कवीला वाटते. कवीने झाडाचा सहनशील हा गुण येथे दर्शविला आहे.

(४) प्रस्तुत कवितेतून मिळणारा संदेशः
“हिरवंगार झाडासारखं’ या कवितेत झाडांची सहनशीलता, दातृत्व, सहकार्याची वृत्ती, कठीण प्रसंगातही घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे राहण्याची वृत्ती याचे वर्णन केले आहे. आनंदी जीवन जगण्यासाठी झाडांसारखे हिरवेगार, ताजे प्रफुल्लित राहावे असा संदेश दिला आहे. झाड ‘मौनव्रत’ धारण करून तपश्चर्या करते. ते निरपेक्षपणे दुसऱ्यांना सहकार्य करते. त्याच्याकडे दातृत्वाचा गुण असल्यामुळे आपल्याकडची फुले, फळे सर्वकाही ते इतरांना देते. संकटांशी सामना करते. नकारात्मकतेची मरगळ झटकून हिरवेगार ताजेतवाने राहते. मुळावर घाव घातला तरी त्याचा सहनशीलता हा गुण ढळत नाही. पानगळीने झाड खचत नाही तर वसंतऋतू येताच ते पुन्हा बहरते. नव्या नवरीसारखे सजते. त्यामुळेच हिरव्यागार झाडासारखे अनेक गुणांना आत्मसात करून आपण आनंदाने जगावे, असा संदेश या कवितेतून मिळतो.

(५) प्रस्तुत कविता आवडण्याचे वा न आवडण्याचे कारणः
कवी जॉर्ज लोपीस यांची ‘हिरवंगार झाडासारखं’ ही कविता खूप आवडली आहे. त्याचे मुख्य कारण म्हणजे ‘जीवन जगण्याची कला शिकवणारे झाड’ हा या कवितेचा गाभा आहे. झाडांचे मानवी जीवनातील स्थान अतुलनीय आहे. झाडे हा मानवी जीवनाचा ‘श्वास’च आहेत. जॉर्ज लोपीस यांनी प्रत्येक ओळीत झाडाचा जगण्याशी संबंध जोडला आहे. झाडे आनंदी जीवनाचा आदर्शच आपल्यासमोर ठेवतात. कवितेत ठिकठिकाणी उदाहरणे देऊन कवीने ते मांडले आहे. कवितेतील प्रत्येक ओळीतून झाडाविषयी आपुलकीची, कृतज्ञतेची भावना मनात निर्माण होते. मनातील नैराश्य दूर करणारी व आशावादाची ज्योत पेटवणारी मन हिरवंगार करणारी ही कविता खरोखरच मनापर्यंत पोहोचते.

प्रस्तुत कवितेतील खालील शब्दांचा अर्थः
(i) झाड – वृक्ष
(ii) ऋषी – साधू, मुनी
(iii) व्रत – वसा
(iv) पक्षी – खग, विहंग

स्वाध्याय कृती

(३) खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे एका वाक्यात लिहा.
(i) झाडाच्या जीवनाचे गाणे कशात दडलेले आहे?
उत्तरः
झाडाच्या जीवनाचे गाणे पक्ष्यांच्या मंजुळ नादात दडले आहे.

काव्यसौंदर्य

(i) झाडाचे मानवी जीवनातील महत्त्वाचे स्थान या विधानाचा तुम्हाला कळलेला अर्थ स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
झाडांचे मानवी जीवनातील स्थान अतुलनीय आहे. संपूर्ण पर्यावरण झाडांवर अवलंबून आहे. निसर्गाचे संतुलन राखण्यात झाडे अग्रेसर आहेत. झाडांमुळे फळे, फुले, औषधे तर मिळतांतच; पण थकलेल्या जीवाला सावली मिळते. झाडांमुळे पाऊस पडतो. झाडे मानवी जीवनातील ‘श्वास’ च आहेत. त्यावाचून आपले जीवन जगणे अशक्य आहे.

(ii) झाडापासून आनंदी जीवन जगणे शिकावे या विधानातील विचार स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
झाड कोणत्याही परिस्थितीत घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे असते. वाऱ्याच्या झुळूकीबरोबर पानांच्या सळसळाटीने हसते. पक्ष्यांच्या मंजुळ गाण्याबरोबर जीवनाचे गाणे गाते. आपल्या विशाल सावलीत मुसाफिरांना कवेत घेते. पावसाळ्यात हिरवेगार ताजेतवाने होऊन न्हाऊन निघते. पानझडीनंतर नव्या नवरीसारखा नवीन वेष धारण करते. दातृत्व हा झाडाचा मोठाच गुण आहे. फळे, फुले बहरली की झाडे ती दुसऱ्यांच्या पदरात दान करते. संपूर्ण आयुष्य हिरवगार होऊन जगते. अशाच प्रकारे माणसानेही सहनशीलता, सहकार्याची वृत्ती, कठीण प्रसंगातही घट्ट पाय रोवून ठेवण्याची वृत्ती जोपासली तर त्याचेही जीवन आनंदाने भरून जाईल.

हिरवंगार झाडासारखं Summary in Marathi

हिरवंगार झाडासारखं काव्यपरिचय

‘हिरवंगार झाडासारखं’ ही कविता कवी ‘जॉर्ज लोपीस’ यांनी लिहिली आहे. या कवितेमध्ये झाडांची सहनशीलता, दातृत्व, सहकार्याची वृत्ती, कठीण प्रसंगातही घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे राहण्याची वृत्ती याचे वर्णन केले आहे. तसेच आनंदी जीवन जगण्यासाठी झाडांसारखे हिरवेगार ताजे, प्रफुल्लित राहावे असा संदेश दिला आहे.

हिरवंगार झाडासारखं Summary in English

This poem is written by George Lopis. In it, he speaks, at length, about the traits of a tree its patience, generosity, cooperation and resoluteness in difficult situations. Always be happy and evergreen like a tree. This is the message in this poem.

हिरवंगार झाडासारखं भावार्थ

झाड बसते ध्यानस्थ ऋषिसारखं मौन व्रत
धारण करून तपश्चर्या करत …

आनंदी जीवन जगण्यासाठी आपण झाडाचा आदर्श घ्यावा, असे कवी ‘जॉर्ज लोपीस’ आपल्याला पटवून देत आहेत. ते म्हणतात की, झाड अचल असते. ते एका ठिकाणी काहीही न बोलता अढळ उभे असते. ऋषीमुनी जसे तपश्चर्येला ध्यान लावून बसतात. त्याचप्रमाणे झाड देखील मौन व्रतात उभे असते. बाह्य गोष्टींच्या सर्व परिणामांना ते बिनतक्रार सहन करत असते. पक्षी येतात-जातात, झाडांच्या मुळांवरही कधी कधी घाव बसतात. पानझड होते तरी झाड स्थिर व सहनशील असते. कठीण प्रसंगातही पाय घट्ट रोवून ध्यानस्थ ऋषिसारखे शांत असते. आपणही तोच मार्ग अनुसरला पाहिजे.

पक्षी झाडांचे कुणीच नसतात
तरीही झाड त्यांचं असतं

पक्षी झाडांवर सतत येत असतात. घरटे बांधून राहतात. काम झाले की, फळे चाखून, खाऊन पुन्हा दुसरीकडे उडून जातात. झाड त्यांना निवारा देते, अन्न देते. ऊन-पावसापासून रक्षण करते; पण जेव्हा झाडावर घाव घातले जातात, ते कापले जाते तेव्हां पक्षी स्वत:चाच विचार करून झाडावरून उडून जातात. परंतु, झाड मात्र हिरवेगार असताना येणाऱ्या पक्ष्यांना कधीही अडवत नाही, आश्रय नाकारत नाही. म्हणूनच पक्षी झाडांचे कुणीही नसून झाड त्यांचे असते, असे कवी म्हणतात.

मुळावर घाव घातला तरी झाड मुकाट सहन करते
झाडांच्या पानावरून वहीच्या पानावर
अलगद उतरतात दवांचे टपोरे थेंब

झाडाचे कुणीच नसते, पण झाड मात्र सर्वांचे असते. झाड छाया देते, निवारा देते, फळे-फुले सर्व काही इतरांना देते. परोपकार हा त्याचा गुणधर्मच आहे. निर्दयी मानव जेव्हा आपल्या फायद्यासाठी या झाडाच्या मुळावर घाव घालतो तेव्हा देखील झाड बिनतक्रार ते सहन करते. झाडांची कत्तल होत असताना झाडाच्या पानांवरील दवबिंदू घरंगळत जणू वहीतील शब्दांमध्ये डोकावतात व आपली करुण कहाणी शब्दांकीत करतात याचाच अर्थ असा की, झाडांपासून कागद, वह्या बनविल्या जातात आणि मग अशा वहीच्या पानावर कोणीतरी कवी, लेखक झाडाचे दु:ख नेमक्या शब्दांत लिहून काढतो. जणू झाडाच्या शरीरावर बसलेल्या घावाचे रूपांतर दवांच्या टपोऱ्या थेंबात होते असे कवीला वाटते. कवीने झाडाचा सहनशील हा गुण येथे दर्शविला आहे.

झाडाकडे टक लावून पाहिलं तर
शरीरभर विरघळतो हिरवा रंग
रक्त होते क्षणभर हिरवेगार

आयुष्य होतं नुकत्याच खुडलेल्या फुलासारखं टवटवीत कोणतेही झाड असो ते प्रेरणादायी असते. आयुष्य होतं नुकत्याच खुडलेल्या फुलासारखं टवटवीत. पाना-फुलांनी बहरलेल्या हिरव्यागार झाडाकडे टक लावून पाहिले असता, झाडाची सहनशीलता, दुसऱ्यांना मदत करण्याची वृत्ती, त्याचे दातृत्व, कठीण प्रसंगातही घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे राहण्याची वृत्ती हे सारे गुण आपल्याला जाणवतात. तसेच कठोर क्षणी सुद्धा हे झाड आपला हिरवागार ताजेपणा कधी सोडत नाही, हे जाणून आपल्याला आनंद होतो. आपणही त्याच्यासारखे गुण स्वीकारावे असे वाटू लागते. जणू त्याचा हिरवा रंग आपल्या शरीरभर विरघळतो. तसेच क्षणभर आपले लाल रक्तही हिरवेगार झाल्यासारखे वाटते. म्हणजेच झाडांकडे पहिल्यावर त्यांच्यातला उत्साह आपल्यामध्ये भिनतो आणि आपले आयुष्य नुकत्याच खुडलेल्या फुलासारखे ताजे, टवटवीत होऊन जाते.

झाडाचे बाहु सरसावलेले असतात मुसाफिराना कवेत घेण्यासाठी

झाडाची सहकार्याची वृत्ती विलक्षण असते. परोपकाराची भावना त्यांच्या मनात सतत जागी असते. आपल्या सर्वदूर पसरलेल्या फांदयांमुळे झाड कडक उन्हात वाटसरूंना सावली देते त्यांचा थकवा दूर करते. जणू आपले बाहू पसरवून हे झाड मुसाफिरांना म्हणजे वाटसरूंना आपल्या कवेत घेते, असे वाटते.

पानझडीनंतर झाड पुन्हा नवीन वस्त्र धारण करतं
नव्या नवरीसारखं
झाडाला पालवी फुटल्यावर फुटते शरीरभर पालवी
अन झटकली जाते मरगळ

ऋतूनुसार झाडाच्या अवस्था बदलत जातात. पानझडीत म्हणजेच थंडीत, शिशिर ऋतूत झाडाची सगळी पाने गळून जातात. झाड पूर्ण रिकामे होते. तेव्हा ते एकटे असते तरी ते पुन्हा बहरते. वसंत ऋतूत झाडाला पुन्हा पालवी फुटते. कोवळी हिरवीगार पाने संपूर्ण झाडावर डोलायला लागतात. नव्या नवरीसारखे सजून झाड पुन्हा तजेलदार दिसू लागते. झाडाची ही प्रफुल्लितता पाहून, आपले मन शरीराचा सारा थकवा तसेच आलेली मरगळ झटकून टाकते. जणू आपल्या मनालाच नव्हे तर संपूर्ण शरीराला उत्साहाची पालवी फुटल्यासारखे वाटते.

पक्ष्यांच्या मंजुळ नादात झाडाचंही जीवनाचं
एक संथ गाणे दडलेले असते

कोणतेही झाड असो ते आपल्याच मस्तीत, धुंदीत जगत असते. बाहेरची परिस्थिती कशीही असो ते कधी तक्रार करत नाही. थंडी, ऊन, वारा, पाऊस यांचा सामना हसतमुखाने करत ते मौजेने जगत असते. त्याच्या आश्रयाला येणाऱ्या प्रत्येक प्राणी-पक्ष्यांना ते आनंदच देत असते. झाडावर बसणारे पक्षी आनंदाने झोके घेत मंजुळ गाणी गात असतात, किलबिलाट करत असतात. जणू त्या गाण्याचा आनंद घेत घेत हे झाड आपले जीवन मजेने, उत्साहाने जगत असते.

हसावं कसं सळसळत्या पानासारखं
मुळावं मुरावं कसं तर? झाडासारखं घट्ट पाय रोवीत
जगावं कसं तर? हिरवंगार झाडासारखं
रोजचं चिंतन करावं कसं तर झाडासारखं!

माणसाने झाडाकडून जगण्याच्या कला शिकून घेतल्या पाहिजेत, असे कवी म्हणतात. कोणतेही झाड असो ते वाऱ्याच्या झुळुकीबरोबर पानांच्या सळसळीने हसते. पक्ष्यांच्या मंजुळ गाण्याबरोबर जीवनाचे गाणे गाते, त्याचप्रमाणे आपणही सळसळत्या पानासारखं हसलं पाहिजे. झाड कोणत्याही परिस्थितीत घट्ट पाय रोवून उभे असते. त्याचप्रमाणे आपणही घट्ट पाय रोवून खंबीरपणे जीवनात मुरलं पाहिजे. तसेच येणाऱ्या संकटांचा खंबीरपणे सामना केला पाहिजे. पानगळ झाली तरी झाड खचून जात नाही. वसंतऋतू येताच कोवळी हिरवीगार पाने झाडाच्या अंगावर डोलू लागतात. जणू नव्या नवरीसारखे ते झाड सजते. त्याचप्रमाणे आयुष्यात कितीही संकटे आली तरी त्याचा सामना करून त्यातून मार्ग काढता आला पाहिजे. नव्या उमेदीने हिरव्यागार झाडासारखे प्रफुल्लित राहून जगले पाहिजे. शिवाय झाडासारखे रोजचे चिंतन करत आनंदी जीवन जगले पाहिजे,

हिरवंगार झाडासारखं शब्दार्थ

• ध्यानस्थ – चिंतनात मग्न – (absorbed in meditation)
• मौन – नि:शब्द – (state of being quiet silence)
• व्रत – स्वत:ला लावून – oath
  घेतलेला विशिष्ट
  धार्मिक नियम,
  नेम.
• धारण करणे – आचरणे – to apply
• अलगद – हळूवारपणे – softly
• विरघळणे – मिसळून जाणे – dissolve
• खुडणे – तोडणे – to pluck
• मुसाफिर – यात्री – traveller
• कवेत – मिठीत – to embrace
• पानझड – पानगळ – fall
• मरगळ – थकवा – fatigue
• नाद – आवाज – sound
• मंजुळ – गोड – sweet voice
• संथ – हळू – slow
• सळसळ – पानांचा आवाज – rustling
• मुरणे – अंगात भिनणे – absorb
• चिंतन – मनन – meditation

हिरवंगार झाडासारखं वाक्प्रचार

• मुळावर घाव घालणे – नष्ट करणे.
• मुकाट सहन करणे – बिनतक्रार स्वीकारणे.
• पाय रोवणे – तळ जमवणे, पकडून ठेवणे
• मुक्काम ठोकणे
• टक लावून पाहणे – एक सारखे बघणे; निरखणे.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 6 चुडीवाला Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Aksharbharati Solutions Chapter 6 चुडीवाला

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Chapter 6 चुडीवाला Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
खालील व्यक्तींच्या स्वभाववैशिष्ट्यांची तुलना करा.

अब्दुल	रघुभैया

उत्तरः

अब्दुल	रघुभैया
(i) सामाजिक बांधिलकी सामाजिक बांधिलकीची मानणारा. (ii) साऱ्यांच्या जीवनात आनंद आपल्याच विश्वात रममाण निर्माण करण्यासाठी असणारा. (iii) संवेदनशील.	फारशी जाण नसलेला. धडपडणारा. संवेदनांशी फारसा संबंध नसलेला.

प्रश्न 2.
खालील विधानांमागील कारणे लिहा.
(अ) रस्त्यानं कोणी भेटलं तर सांगू नका तपोवनात जातो म्हणून,
उत्तरः
रस्त्यानं कोणी भेटलं तर सांगू नका तपोवनात जातो कारण त्याचा धंदयावर परिणाम होतो.

(आ) आजचा दिवस म्हणजे त्यांच्यासाठी पर्वणीच.
उत्तर:
आजचा दिवस म्हणजे त्यांच्यासाठी पर्वणीच कारण या दिवशी अब्दुल त्यांच्यासाठी रंगीबेरंगी बांगड्या आणि त्यांना लागणाऱ्या इतर वस्तू घेऊन येत होता.

प्रश्न 3.
गुणविशेष लिहा.

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
खालील वाक्यांतील अव्यये शोधा व त्यांचे प्रकार लिहा.

वाक्ये	अव्यये	प्रकार
(अ) अब्दुल जिल्हाधिकारी कचेरीजवळ आला. (आ) तो एक आनंदाचा आणि चैतन्याचा दिवस. (इ) बापरे! केवढी मोठी वसाहत. (ई) रघुभैयाने चिठ्ठी भरभर वाचली.

प्रश्न 5.
विरामचिन्हे ओळखा व त्यांची नावे लिहा.

विरामचिन्हे	नावे
(अ) “अरे, पण चिठ्ठी मराठीतून आहे.” (आ) “अन्वर जेवला?”

उत्तर:

विरामचिन्हे	नावे
(अ) “अरे, पण चिठ्ठी मराठीतून आहे.” (आ) “अन्वर जेवला?”	दुहेरी अवतरण चिन्ह, पूर्ण विराम/स्वल्प विराम. दुहेरी अवतरण, प्रश्नचिन्ह

प्रश्न 6.
खालील उदाहरणांचा अभ्यास करा व दोन्ही अलंकाराच्या रचनेतील फरक समजून घ्या. अशा उदाहरणांचा शोध घेऊन त्यांचा सराव करा.
अब्दुल हा तपोवनातील स्त्रियांना देवदूतासारखा वाटतो. (उपमा अलंकार)
अब्दुल हा तपोवनातील स्त्रियांसाठी जणू देवदूतच. (उत्प्रेक्षा अलंकार)

प्रश्न 7.
स्वमत.
(अ) सत्यता पटवून दया- ‘अब्दुल एक थोर समाजसेवक’
उत्तर:
अब्दुल हा बांगड्या विकणारा अत्यंत संवेदनशील मनाचा गृहस्थ होता. तपोवनातल्या कुष्ठरोगी मुलींना व स्त्रियांना बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी तो जात असे. त्यासाठी त्याला त्याच्या धंदयात झळ सोसावी लागत असे. त्याचा रोजगार बुडत असे. पण आजाराने ग्रस्त स्त्रियांचा आनंद बघून त्याला समाधान वाटत होते. समाजऋण मानणारा आणि माणुसकीला जपणारा व दुसऱ्याच्या आनंदासाठी धडपडणारा असा हा अब्दुल खरा समाजसेवक होता.

(आ) शन्नूच्या वागण्यामागील तिचा विचार काय असावा, याविषयी तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तरः
इतर चार-चौघीसारखी शन्नू गृहिणी होती. आपला प्रपंच नीट चालावा, अब्दुलचा व्यवसाय वाढावा, इतरांप्रमाणे आपल्या घरातही दोन चांगल्या वस्तू असाव्यात अशी तिची अपेक्षा होती. म्हणून तपोवनात कुष्ठरोगी स्त्रियांना बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी जाणाऱ्या अब्दुलचा ती राग करत असे. तपोवनातील कुष्ठरोगाने पिडीत स्त्रियांना अब्दुल बांगड्या भरायला जातो हे जर कुणाला कळले तर इतर स्त्रिया बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी अब्दुलकडे येणार नाहीत व त्यांचा परिणाम व्यवसायावर होईल, अशी धास्ती शन्नूला वाटत होती म्हणून अब्दुल तपोवनात जातो हे कोणाला कळू नये यासाठी तिची धडपड सुरू असे. अत्यंत साध्या अपेक्षा असणारी ती सामान्य गृहिणी होती, अब्दुलची उदात्त वृत्ती, परोपकार, सेवाभाव यातलं तिला काही कळत नव्हते.

(इ) तंत्रज्ञानाची जोड देऊन अब्दुलचा मुलगा बांगड्यांचा व्यवसाय कसा वाढवू शकेल, याविषयी तुमचे विचार स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
आधी त्याने मार्केटचा अभ्यास केला पाहिजे. आज कालच्या स्त्रिया, मुली कशा प्रकारच्या बांगड्या वापरतात, फॅशनचा ट्रेंड काय आहे हे जाणून घेतले पाहिजे. गुगल, यु ट्युब, वॉटस अॅप यातून त्याने या सगळ्यांची माहिती मिळवली पाहिजे. वरील सगळ्या माध्यमांद्वारे तो अत्यंत प्रभावीपणे त्यांच्याजवळ असलेल्या बांगड्यांची जाहिरात करु शकतो. ऑनलाईन व्यापार करू शकतो. अशा प्रकारे अब्दुलचा मुलगा आपला बांगड्यांचा व्यवसाय वाढवू शकतो.

(ई) दुसऱ्याला मदत करण्यातला आनंद ज्या प्रसंगातून मिळू शकतो, असा प्रसंग लिहा.
उत्तरः
बस स्टॉपवर एक म्हातारी स्त्री उभी होती तिला ‘नानावटी’ हॉस्पिटलला जायचे होते. हॉस्पिटलपर्यंत थेट जाणारी बस नव्हती. रिक्षाला देण्यासाठी तिच्याकडे पैसे नव्हते. मी एक रिक्षा थांबवली तिच्या हातात शंभर रुपये दिले. रिक्षावाल्याला तिला नानावटी हॉस्पिटलला सोडायला सांगितले. तिच्या डोळ्यातला कृतज्ञभाव आजही आठवतो.

एकदा रस्त्याने जात असतांना फुटपाथवर संसार असलेल्या ठिकाणी एक बाळ खूप कळवळून रडत होतं. आजूबाजूला कोणी दिसेना. मी त्याच्या जवळ गेले त्याच्या अंगाखाली आणि आजुबाजुला बरंच पाणी साचलेलं होतं. मी हिम्मत केली त्याला तिथून उचलले. त्याच्या ठेवलेल्या वस्तूमधून एक कापड काढून त्याला कोरडं केलं, कापडात गुंडाळून त्याला कोरड्या जागेत ठेवणार तोच त्याची आई आली, मी तिच्या हातात मुलं दिलं आपलं रडणं थांबवून ते बाळ माझ्याकडे अगदी टुकूटुकू बघत होते. मला खूप छान वाटलं.

Marathi Akshar Bharati Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 6 चुडीवाला Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न १. पुढील उतारा वाचून दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा,
कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.
(i) स्वेटरमधून अब्दुलला चांगलीच थंडी जाणवत होती कारण …………………………..
उत्तर:
स्वेटरमधून अब्दुलला चांगलीच थंडी जाणवत होती कारण अब्दुलचा स्वेटर अनेक ठिकाणी उसवला होता.

(ii) लहान लहान मुलींनी एकदम गलका करायला सुरुवात केली कारण
उत्तर:
लहान लहान मुलींनी एकदम गलका करायला सुरुवात केली कारण अब्दुल त्यांच्यासाठी रंगीबेरंगी बांगड्या घेऊन आला होता.

प्रश्न 3.
उताऱ्यानुसार घटनांचा क्रम लावा.
(i) बांगड्यांची पेटी आणि पिशवी सांभाळत अब्दुल बसमध्ये चढला.
(ii) अब्दुल खिडकीजवळ बसला.
(iii) पेटी अलगद उचलून त्याने आपल्या मांडीवर ठेवली.
(iv) अब्दुल बसस्टॉपवर आला.
उत्तर:
(i) अब्दुल बसस्टॉपवर आला.
(ii) बांगड्यांची पेटी आणि पिशवी सांभाळत अब्दुल बसमध्ये चढला.
(iii) अब्दुल खिडकीजवळ बसला.
(iv) पेटी अलगद उचलून त्याने आपल्या मांडीवर ठेवली.

प्रश्न 4.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) अब्दुलचे दुकान बंद असल्याने कोणाचा धंदा तेजीत चालणार होता?
उत्तरः
अब्दुलचे दुकान बंद असल्याने रघुभैयाचा धंदा तेजीत चालणार होता.

(ii) कोणाच्या डोळ्यांतला क्रोध अब्दुलच्या परिचयाचा होता?
उत्तरः
शन्नूच्या डोळ्यांतला क्रोध अब्दुलच्या परिचयाचा होता.

(iii) लहान लहान मुलींनी कोणाभोवती एकदम गलका करायला सुरुवात केली?
उत्तरः
लहान लहान मुलींनी अब्दुलभोवती गलका करायला सुरुवात केली.

(iv) बस कोणत्या ठिकाणी रिकामी झाली?
उत्तर:
बस जिल्हाधिकारी कचेरीजवळ रिकामी झाली.

(v) अब्दुलने मफलर कानाला घट्ट का लपेटून घेतला?
उत्तर:
बस सुरू होताच थंडगार वाऱ्याचा झोत अब्दुलला त्रासदायक वाटू लागला होता, म्हणून अब्दुलने मफलर कानाला घट्ट लपेटून घेतला.

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) अब्दुलचा व्यवसाय → बांगड्या विकण्याचा
(ii) अब्दुल या ठिकाणी गेला → तपोवन

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतीबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 4.
चूक की बरोबर ते लिहा.
(i) शांतीवनाच्या त्या गोलाकार कमानीकडे अब्दुलचे लक्ष गेले.
(ii) संक्रांत असल्याने अब्दुलचा धंदा तेजीत चालला होता
(iii) बांगड्यांची पेटी आणि पिशवी सांभाळत अब्दुल बसमध्ये चढला.
(iv) थंडगार वाऱ्याचा झोत अधिकच मजेदार वाटू लागला.
उत्तरः
(i) चूक
(ii) चूक
(iii) बरोबर
(iv) चूक

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
अब्दुलबद्दल माहिती लिहा.
उत्तरः
अब्दुलचा बांगड्या विकण्याचा व्यवसाय होता. अब्दुलचा व्यवसाय जेमतेमच चालत असावा असे वाटते. कारण त्याच्या अंगावरचा स्वेटर अनेक ठिकाणी उसवलेला होता. थंडी वाऱ्याची पर्वा न करता तो आपली बांगड्यांची पेटी आणि पिशवी घेऊन तपोवनातल्या मुलींना बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी निघाला होता. यावरून असे दिसते अब्दुल हा अत्यंत करूणाशील व दयाशील वृत्तीचा, समाजाचे मूल्य जपणारा होता.

प्रश्न 2.
तपोवनाकडे येताना व आल्यावर अब्दुलने कोणत्या गोष्टी अनुभवल्या ते तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
जिल्हाधिकारी कचेरीजवळ येताच बहुतेक सगळीच बस रिकामी झाली. तपोवनाकडे जाणारे कोणीही प्रवासी नव्हते. तपोवनात आल्यावर त्याचे लक्ष कमानीकडे गेले. जेमतेम हातभर असलेली वेल आता खूप फुलली होती. अब्दुलला गेटजवळ बघताच तपोवनातील सगळया मुलींनी एकदम गलका करायला सुरुवात केली.

प्रश्न 3.
“रस्त्यानं कोणी भेटलं तर सांगू नका तपोवनात जातो म्हणून” शन्नूच्या या विधानामागचे कारण तुमच्या शब्दात लिहा.
उत्तरः
अब्दुल तपोवनात दर संक्रांतीला जात असे. तपोवन हे कुष्ठरोगी लोकांचे आश्रयस्थान होते. तेथील कुष्ठरोगाने पिडीत स्त्रियांना बांगड्या भरायला अब्दुल जातो, हे जर कुणाला कळले तर इतर स्त्रिया बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी अब्दुलकडे येणार नाहीत व त्याचा परिणाम व्यवसायावर होईल, अशी धास्ती शन्नूला वाटत होती. म्हणून वरील विधान अब्दुलला उद्देशून तिने म्हटले आहे.

प्रश्न २. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.
कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) तपोवनातील स्त्रियांना अब्दुल कोणासारखा वाटे?
उत्तरः
तपोवनातील स्त्रियांना अब्दुल देवदूतासारखा वाटे.

(ii) अब्दुलला कोणती कला साधली होती?
उत्तरः
तपोवनातील स्त्रियांना बांगड्या भरण्याची कला अब्दुलला साधली होती.

प्रश्न 3.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) आंब्याच्या झाडाखाली असलेल्या …………………………. अब्दुल बसला. (चबुतऱ्यावर, चौथऱ्यावर, दगडावर, पारावर)
(ii) साऱ्या …………………………. तो एक आनंदाचा आणि चैतन्याचा दिवस! (मधुबनातील, शांतिवनातील, तपोवनातील, तेजोवनातील)
(iii) प्रत्येकीला …………………………. बांगड्या भरायच्या होत्या. (प्रथम, आधी, रंगीबेरंगी, आवडीच्या)
उत्तर:
(i) चौथऱ्यावर
(ii) तपोवनातील
(iii) प्रथम

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कोण ते लिहा.
(i) चिठ्ठीतला मजकूर वाचून दाखवणारा – रघुभैया
(ii) अब्दुलला सत्काराचे निमंत्रण देणारे – दाजीसाहेब
(iii) संक्रांतीला आणि ज्येष्ठ पौर्णिमेला तपोवनात चुडीवाल्याची वाट पाहणाऱ्या – स्त्रिया

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.
(i) चिट्ठीतला मजकूर वाचून अब्दुल आणि शन्नू यांना आनंद झाला कारण ………………………… .
उत्तर:
चिठ्ठीतला मजकूर वाचून अब्दुल आणि शन्नू यांना आनंद झाला कारण तपोवनात अब्दुलचा खास सत्कार होणार होता.

(ii) अब्दुलने रघुभैय्याला चिट्ठी वाचण्यास सांगितली कारण ………………………….
उत्तरः
अब्दुलने रघुभैय्याला चिठ्ठी वाचण्यास सांगितली कारण चिट्ठी मराठीतून होती.

प्रश्न 3.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 4.
सहसंबंध लिहा.
(i) विलक्षण : समाधान : : खास : ………………………….
(ii) हातात : बांगड्या : : झाडाखाली : ………………………….
उत्तर:
(i) सत्कार
(ii) चौथरा

प्रश्न 5.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
तपोवनातील स्त्रिया व मुलींना अब्दुल देवदूतासारखा वाटे हे विधान तुमच्या शब्दांत स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
तपोवनात कुष्ठरोगाने पिडित स्त्रिया आणि मुली राहत असत. या स्त्रिया व मुलींनाही इतर स्त्रियांसारखाच साज शृंगार करायला आवडत असे. त्या कुष्ठरोगासारख्या दुर्धर रोगाने ग्रस्त असल्यामुळे त्यांचा हात बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी कोणीही हातात घेणार नव्हते. त्यांचा स्पर्श म्हणजे रोगाला निमंत्रण अशी सर्वसाधारण समजूत; पण अब्दुल मात्र असल्या कोणत्याही गोष्टींचा विचार न करता त्यांच्या हातावरील व्रण, जखमा सांभाळून त्यांना हळूवारपणे बांगड्या भरत असे. हे काम तो वर्षातून दोनदा करत असे. रंगीबेरंगी बांगड्यांच्या रंगात त्या स्त्रिया काही काळ का होईना आपले दुःख विसरत असत.

आणि ही गोष्ट केवळ अब्दुलमुळे शक्य होत होती म्हणून अब्दुल त्यांना देवदूतासारखा वाटे.

प्रश्न 2.
दाजीसाहेबांनी अब्दुलचा सत्कार का केला, सकारण लिहा.
उत्तरः
ज्या कुष्ठरोगी लोकांची सावली देखील लोकं टाळतात अशा कुष्ठरोगी स्त्रियांच्या हातात बांगड्या भरण्याचे काम अब्दुल अगदी निस्वार्थी भावनेने करायचा, त्यांच्या जीवनात आनंद फुलवायचा प्रसंगी व्यवसायात आपले नुकसान सोसून अविरतपणे तो हे काम करत होता. त्याच्या सेवाभावी वृत्तीचा व माणुसकीला जपणाऱ्या निर्मळ मनाच्या माणसाचा सत्कार झाला पाहिजे, त्याच्या कामाची पावती त्याला दिली पाहिजे या भावनेतून दाजीसाहेबांनी अब्दुलला सत्काराचे निमंत्रण दिले व त्याचा सत्कार केला.

प्रश्न 3.
‘इच्छा तिथे मार्ग’ – अब्दुलच्या उदाहरणावरून स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
अनेक लोकांच्या मनात बऱ्याच इच्छा असतात. पण ते केवळ विचारच करत राहतात. हे नाही, ते नाही या सबबीखाली त्यांच्या इच्छेला किंवा विचाराला पूर्णत्व येत नाही. पण अब्दुलसारखा अगदी छोटा व्यावसायिक अत्यंत सामान्य आर्थिक परिस्थिती असलेला, आपल्याजवळ जे आहे जसं आहे त्यातून निस्वार्थीपणे सेवेचं व्रत साकारतो. कुष्ठरोगी स्त्रियांना बांगड्या भरण्याचं काम वर-वर अगदी साधं वाटत असलं तरी त्यामागे अब्दुलची उदात्त भावना, दुसऱ्याच्या आनंदासाठी झटण्याची वृत्ती दिसून येते. फार मोठा गाजा-वाजा, बडेजाव न करता अब्दुल हे काम अत्यंत सेवाभावी वृत्तीने करत होता. खरोखरच मनापासून काही करण्याची जर इच्छा असेल तर मार्ग नक्कीच मिळतो हे अब्दुलच्या उदाहरणावरून जाणवते.

प्रश्न 4.
अब्दुल तपोवनात गेल्यावर तिथले वातावरण कसे होत असे, तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
अब्दुल तपोवनात गेला की चुडीऽवाला आला, चुडीऽऽवाला आला असे म्हणत सगळ्या बायका-मुली त्याच्या भोवती जमत असत. प्रत्येकीला अब्दुलकडून आपल्याला हव्या असलेल्या वस्तू, रंगीबेरंगी बांगड्या हव्या असत. प्रत्येकीला प्रथम बांगड्या भरायच्या असत म्हणून अब्दुलच्या भोवती त्या गर्दी करत असत. त्यांचा आवाज, गडबड, गोंधळ यामुळे आनंदवनाचा परिसर गजबजून उठे. सगळया स्त्रियांमध्ये आनंद आणि चैतन्य पसरत असे. तो सगळा अनुभव म्हणजे अब्दुलसाठी अत्यंत समाधानाची गोष्ट होती.

प्रश्न ३. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.
कृती १: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
ओघ तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण ते लिहा
(i) सेतूबंधन करणारा – राम
(ii) सेतूबंधनाला मदत करणारी – खार

प्रश्न 4.
उत्तरे लिहा
(i) संक्रात आणि जेष्ठ पौर्णिमेला हा प्रस्ताव समोर आला होता,
उत्तर:
तपोवनातील स्त्रिया व मुली यांना बांगड्या भरणे.

(ii) दाजीसाहेबांनी यांना विनंती केली होती.
उत्तर:
अनेक बांगडीवाल्यांना

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) दाजीसाहेबांचे वय किती वर्षे होते?
उत्तरः
दाजीसाहेबांचे वय चौऱ्याऐंशी वर्षे होते.

(ii) अब्दुलने दाजीसाहेबांना कोणते आश्वासन दिले ?
उत्तरः
ज्येष्ठ पौर्णिमेला आणि संक्रांतीला तपोवनात बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी येण्याचे आश्वासन अब्दुलने दाजीसाहेबांना दिले.

प्रश्न 3.
कारणे लिहा.
सत्काराच्या ठिकाणी अब्दुल तसाच उभा राहिला; कारण ……………………………………….
(अ) बसायला जागा नव्हती.
(आ) पाहुण्यांबरोबर बसायला त्याला संकोच वाटला.
(इ) अब्दुलच्या मनात भिती होती.
(ई) अब्दुल घाबरला होता.
उत्तरः
सत्काराच्या ठिकाणी अब्दुल तसाच उभा राहिला; कारण पाहुण्यांबरोबर बसायला त्याला संकोच वाटला.

(ii) अब्दुल अतिशय भारावून गेला; कारण ………………………………
(अ) तपोवनातील स्त्रियांचे दुःख पाहून.
(आ) दाजीसाहेबांनी अब्दुलचा सत्कार केला.
(इ) तपोवनात काम करायला मिळाले म्हणून.
(ई) तपोवनातील आनंद पाहून.
उत्तर:
अब्दुल अतिशय भारावून गेला; कारण दाजीसाहेबांनी अब्दुलचा सत्कार केला.

प्रश्न 4.
कंसातील योग्य पर्याय निवडून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) …………………………. सेतूबंधन केलं; पण त्यासाठी अनेकांचा हातभार लागला. (रामानं, हनुमानानं, लक्ष्मणानं, सीतेनं)
(ii) …………………………. त्यांच्याबरोबर बसायला संकोच वाटला (दाजीसाहेबांना, शन्नूला, रघुभैय्याला, अब्दुलला)
उत्तर:
(i) रामानं
(ii) अब्दुलला

प्रश्न 5.
सहसंबंध लिहा.
(i) आवाजातला : खणखणीतपणा : : बोलण्यातली : ………………………………
(ii) तेज : पुंज : चेहरा : : पांढरेस्वच्छ : ………………………………
उत्तर:
(i) ऐट
(ii) धोतर

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
दाजीसाहेबांचे वर्णन तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
दाजीसाहेब चौऱ्याऐंशी वर्षांचे होते. पण तरीही खूप काटक होते. उंच सडसडीत देहयष्ठी, तेज:पुंज चेहरा, गौरवर्ण, पांढरेस्वच्छ धोतर ते नेसत असत. त्यांच्या आवाजात खणखणीतपणा होता आणि बोलण्यात ऐट होती. असे दाजीसाहेबांचे व्यक्तिमत्व होते.

प्रश्न 2.
दाजीसाहेबांच्या पोशाखाचे वर्णन करा,
उत्तरः
दाजीसाहेब पांढरे स्वच्छ धोतर परिधान करत असत. त्यावर बंद गळ्याचा कोट आणि डोक्याला उंच सडसडीत केशरी फेटा असा दाजीसाहेबांचा पोशाख असे. त्यांची शरीरयष्टी आणि पोशाख त्यामुळे ते खूप रुबाबदार दिसत.

प्रश्न 3.
दाजीसाहेब आपल्या भाषणात अब्दुलबद्दल जे बोलले ते तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
दाजीसाहेब म्हणाले तपोवनासाठी मदत करणाऱ्या अनेक व्यक्ती सुदैवाने आम्हाला लाभल्या. संक्रांतीला आणि ज्येष्ठ पौर्णिमेला बांगड्या भरण्याचा प्रस्ताव अब्दुल मियांनी स्वत:हून स्विकारला. दरवर्षी अब्दुलमियाँ न चुकता येतात व येथील भगिनींच्या जीवनात आनंदाचा वर्षाव करतात. कुठल्याही मोबदल्याची अपेक्षा न करता अब्दुलमियाँ हे काम करतात. त्यांचे हे समाजकार्य, मानवसेवा खरोखरच फार मोठी आहे, अनमोल आहे, अशा शब्दांत दाजीसाहेबांनी अब्दुलच्या कार्याचा गौरव केला.

प्रश्न 4.
प्रत्येकाच्या छोट्या-छोट्या सहकार्यातून अनेक मोठी कामे होऊ शकतात. यावर तुमचे मत उदाहरणासह लिहा.
उत्तरः
दाजीसाहेबांना तपोवनासाठी काम करणारी, मदत करणारी माणसं मिळाली म्हणून एवढं काम ते चांगल्या प्रकारे करू शकले. एखाक्या चांगल्या कामासाठी प्रत्येकाने थोडासा जरी हातभार लावला तरी खूप मोठमोठी कामे पूर्णत्वास जाऊ शकतात. अगदी अलिकडचेच उदाहरण घ्यायचे झाले तर नाना पाटेकर व मकरंद अनासपुरे यांनी शेतकऱ्यांच्या मदतीसाठी सुरू केलेले ‘नाम’ फाऊंडेशन. यात अनेकांच्या सहकार्यामुळे शेतकऱ्यांना दिलासा मिळतो आहे. पाण्याच्या प्रश्नावर काम करणारे जलपुरुष ‘डॉ. राजेंद्रसिंह’ असोत किंवा अनाथांची आई झालेल्या ‘सिंधुताई सकपाळ’ असोत. या सगळ्यांच्या कामाला हातभार लावणारे, सहकार्य देणारे अनेक हात आहेत. सामाजिक सेतुबंधनाची मोठ मोठी कार्ये सहकार्यातूनच साकार होत असतात.

प्रश्न ४. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.
कृती १ : आकलन कृती.

प्रश्न 1.
ओघतक्ता पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
कंसातील योग्य पर्याय निवडून रिकाम्या जागा भरा,
(i) अमरावतीहून आलेली निमंत्रित मंडळी ……………………………… जाणार होती. (रिक्षातून, सायकलवरून, मोटारीतून, चालत)
(ii) ……………………………… पुढचे बोलणे अब्दुलने ऐकलेच नाही. (शन्नूचे, रघुभैय्याचे, अन्वरचे, दाजीसाहेबांचे)
(iii) थाळीत चपाती आणि ……………………………… भाजी घेऊन तिने थाळी अब्दुलसमोर ठेवली. (मेथीची, भोपळ्याची, वांग्याची, कारल्याची)
उत्तर:
(i) मोटारीतून
(ii) शन्नूचे
(iii) वांग्याची

प्रश्न 4.
उताऱ्यानुसार घटनांचा क्रम लावा.
(i) अंबादेवीच्या चौकात मोटार थांबली.
(ii) दाजीसाहेबांनी अब्दुलला मोटारीत बसवले,
(iii) अब्दुल एखादया अपराध्यासारखा मान खाली घालून जेवू लागला.
(iv) अब्दुल येताच शन्नू उठली.
उत्तर:
(i) दाजीसाहेबांनी अब्दुलला मोटारीत बसवले.
(ii) अंबादेवीच्या चौकात मोटार थांबली.
(iii) अब्दुल येताच शन्नू उठली.
(iv) अब्दुल एखादया अपराध्यासारखा मान खाली घालून जेवू लागला.

कृती २: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) मोटार कोणत्या चौकात थांबली?
उत्तरः
मोटार अंबादेवीच्या चौकात थांबली.

(ii) शनू कोणत्या गोष्टींचा अब्दुलला नेहमी आग्रह करत होती?
उत्तरः
शन्नू अब्दुलला नवीन व्यवसाय करण्याचा आग्रह करत होती.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.
(i) अब्दुलला बांगड्यांचा व्यवसाय सोडवत नव्हता; कारण …………………………..
(अ) त्याच्या अब्बाजानपासून चालत आलेला व्यवसाय होता.
(आ) बांगड्यांचा धंदा खूप तेजीत होता.
(इ) तो व्यवसाय त्याला मनापासून आवडत होता.
(ई) तो खूप आळशी होता.
उत्तर:
अब्दुलला बांगड्यांचा व्यवसाय सोडवत नव्हता; कारण त्याच्या अब्बाजानपासून चालत आलेला व्यवसाय होता.

(ii) शनू नेहमी नाराज असे; कारण …………………………..
(अ) अब्दुलने तिला तपोवनात नेले नव्हते.
(आ) अन्वर जेवला नव्हता.
(इ) वारंवार सांगूनही अब्दुल व्यवसाय बदलत नव्हता.
(ई) अब्दुल तिच्यावर नेहमी ओरडायचा.
उत्तरः
शनू नेहमी नाराज असे; कारण वारंवार सांगूनही अब्दुल व्यवसाय बदलत नव्हता.

प्रश्न 3.
जोड्या जुळवा.
गट अ – गट ब
(i) अष्टमीचा चंद्र (अ) वातावरण
(ii) उदास चेहरा (आ) आकाश
(iii) दुकानाला रंग (इ) अब्दुल
(iv) अंतर्बाह्य प्रसन्न (ई) रघुभैय्याच्या
उत्तर:
(i- आ)
(ii – इ)
(iii – ई)
(iv – अ)

प्रश्न 4.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 5.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 6.
सहसंबंध लिहा.
(i) उदास : चेहरा :: मेघरहित : …………………………..
(ii) अष्टमीचा : चंद्र :: बांगड्यांचा : …………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) आकाश
(ii) धंदा

कृती ३: स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
अब्दुलची जेवणावरची इच्छा मरून गेली! तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
अब्दुल पुरस्कार स्वीकारून तपोवनातून घरी आला. शन्नोने त्याला जेवायला वाढले. पण शन्नू जेवली नव्हती हे त्याला कळले. अन्वर जेवला पण खिम्यासाठी रुसून बसला होता. हे शनूने अब्दुलला सांगितले. अब्दुलचा धंदा चांगला चालत नव्हता. आणि त्याला धंदा सोडवतही नव्हता. आपल्या मुलांची व बायकोची आपण नीट काळजी घेऊ शकत नाही. त्यांच्या साध्या-साध्या इच्छा आपण पूर्ण करू शकत नाही, म्हणून अब्दुल खूप उदास झाला. जेवणावरची त्याची वासनाच उडाली. त्याच्या तोंडातला घास तोंडातच घोळू लागला.

प्रश्न 2.
शन्नू वारंवार कोणत्या गोष्टीचा आग्रह करत होती? का?
उत्तरः
अब्दुलचा बांगड्यांचा व्यवसाय होता. आधीच जेमतेम चालणारा व्यवसाय आणि नेमका सणाच्या दिवशी आपले दुकान बंद ठेवून अब्दुल तपोवनातल्या स्त्रियांना बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी जात असे. शन्नू वारंवार अब्दुलला दुसरा व्यवसाय करण्यास सांगत होती. अत्यंत अल्प उत्पन्नात संसाराचा गाडा चालवणं तिला कठीण जात होतं. तिच्या मुलाच्या साध्या साध्या इच्छा तिला पूर्ण करता येत नव्हत्या. म्हणूनच ती, अब्दुलला नवीन धंदा सुरू करायला सांगत होती.

प्रश्न 3.
अब्दुल मोटारीतून प्रवास करतांना त्याच्या मनातले विचार व वातावरणाचे वर्णन करा.
उत्तर:
मोटार धावत होती. अब्दुलच्या मनात विचार आला, शन्नूला आज आणायला हवे होते. तिची नाराजी दूर झाली असती. धावत्या मोटारीतून त्याने बाहेर नजर टाकली. आकाशात अष्टमीचा चंद्र हसत होता. आकाश मेघरहित निळ्या नितळाईने नटले होते. वातावरण अंतर्बाह्य प्रसन्न होते.

प्रश्न 4.
अब्दुलला नवीन धंदा का सुरू करता येत नव्हता?
उत्तरः
शन्नू वारंवार अब्दुलजवळ नवीन धंदा सुरू करण्याचा आग्रह धरत होती; पण अब्दुलला ते शक्य नव्हते. नवीन धंदयासाठी लागणारे भांडवल त्याच्याकडे नव्हते. शिवाय बांगड्या विकण्याच्या या व्यवसायाशी त्याचे भावनिक नाते होते. त्याच्या वडिलांनी सुरू केलेला हा व्यवसाय होता. म्हणून तो त्याला बंद करावासा वाटत नव्हता.

प्रश्न ५. पुढील उताराच्या आधारे दिलेला सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.
कृती १: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) देवळात दोनचे टोले देणारा – पहारेकरी
(ii) गाढ झोपी गेलेला – अन्वर

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील घटनांचे परिणाम लिहा. घटना परिणाम
(i) तपोवन दाजीसाहेबांच्या धंदा करायला अब्दुलचं मन हाती राहिलं नाही हे लागत नाही. अब्दुलला कळलं.
(ii) सगळं काही विसरून अब्दुलचे मनोमन सुखावणे. स्त्रियांचे हसणे.

प्रश्न 4.
जोड्या जुळवा.
‘अ’ गट – ‘ब’ गट
(i) देऊळ (अ) हळवा
(ii) तपोवन (आ) पेटी
(iii) बांगड्या (इ) दाजीसाहेब
(iv) अब्दुल (ई) पहारेकरी
उत्तर:
(i – ई),
(ii – इ),
(iii – आ),
(iv – अ)

प्रश्न 5.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) अन्वर ………………………….. झोपला होता. (गाढ, गप्प, शांत, आनंदी)
(ii) एखादया वस्त्राचा एकाएकी रंग उडून जावा तशी त्याची एकाएकी ………………………….. उडून गेली. (इच्छा, जीवनेच्छा, आस, आसक्ती)
(iii) ………………………….. त्याला आवाज दिला. (शनूने, अन्वरने, दाजीसाहेबांनी, रघुभैय्याने)
उत्तर:
(i) गाढ
(ii) जीवनेच्छा
(iii) रघुभैय्याने

कृती २: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.
(i) अब्दुलचं मन धंदयात लागत नव्हतं. कारण …………………………..
उत्तरः
अब्दुलचं मन धंदयात लागत नव्हतं कारण तपोवन दाजीसाहेबांच्या हाती राहिलं नव्हतं.

(ii) अब्दुलने पिशवीतील वस्तू बाहेर काढल्या कारण …………………………..
उत्तर:
अब्दुलने पिशवीतील वस्तू बाहेर काढल्या कारण त्या सगळ्या वस्तू तो संक्रांतीला तपोवनात नेणार होता.

प्रश्न 3.
खालील कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 4.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) अब्दुल हळवा का झाला?
उत्तर:
कष्टाने फुलवलेली कर्मभूमी सोडण्याच्या विचारानं दाजीसाहेबांना किती यातना होत असतील, या विचाराने अब्दुल हळवा झाला.

(ii) अब्दुल तपोवनात कोणत्या सणाच्या दिवशी जाणार होता?
उत्तर:
अब्दुल संक्रांतीला तपोवनात जाणार होता.

(iii) देवळातल्या पहारेकऱ्याने कितीचे टोल दिले?
उत्तर:
देवळातल्या पहारेकऱ्याने दोनचे टोल दिले.

(iv) अब्दुल वर्षातून किती वेळा दुसऱ्यासाठी जगण्यात त्या आनंदाचे सुख अनुभवायचा?
उत्तर:
अब्दुल वर्षातून फक्त दोनदाच दुसऱ्यासाठी जगण्यातल्या आनंदाचे सुख अनुभवायचा.

(v) साऱ्या वस्तूंकडे बघता बघता अब्दुलवर काय परिणाम झाला?
उत्तरः
साऱ्या वस्तूंकडे बघता-बघता अब्दुलचे डोळे पाण्याने काठोकाठ भरून आले.

प्रश्न 5.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
त्या आनंदाचे सुख वर्षातून फक्त दोनदा अब्दुल अनुभवायचा. स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर:
अब्दुलचा बांगड्या विकण्याचा व्यवसाय होता. वर्षातून दोनदा म्हणजे संक्रांतीला आणि ज्येष्ठ पौर्णिमेला अब्दुल तपोवनात जायचा. कुष्ठरोगाने पीडित स्त्रिया, मुली यांच्यासाठी तो टिकल्या, बांगड्या, पिना, आरसा, रिबिन, रुमाल अशा वस्तू घेऊन जायचा. अब्दुल तपोवनात जाताच तिथल्या सगळ्या बायका, मुलींना खूप आनंद व्हायचा. त्यांच्या हातात कौशल्यपूर्वक तो बांगड्या भरायचा. बांगड्यांच्या विविध रंगात क्षणभर का होईना त्या आपले दुःख विसरत, त्यांचा तो आनंद बघून अब्दुल मनोमन सुखावत असे. स्वत:साठी सारेच जगतात, पण दुसऱ्यासाठी जगण्यातला आनंद अब्दुल मिळवत होता.

प्रश्न 2.
एखाद्या वस्त्राचा एकाएकी रंग उडून जावा तशी त्याची जीवनेच्छा एकाएकी उडून गेली असे लेखिका का म्हणते?
उत्तरः
अब्दुल रंगीबेरंगी बांगड्या व इतर अनेक वस्तू घेऊन वर्षातून दोनदा तपोवनात जात असे. त्या रंगीबेरंगी बांगड्या म्हणजे तपोवनातल्या मुलींसाठी आणि स्त्रियांसाठी आनंददायी गोष्ट होती. बांगड्या भरण्याचा दिवस म्हणजे त्यांच्यासाठी चैतन्याचा आणि उत्साहाचा दिवस होता, आपलं सगळं दुःख विसरून बांगड्यांच्या रंगात त्या हरवून जात. हे सगळं बघून अब्दुल मनोमन सुखावत असे. दुसऱ्यासाठी जगण्यातल्या आनंदाचं सुख आता त्याला मिळणार नव्हतं, म्हणून तो खूप दुःखी झाला होता. कारण तपोवन आता राहणार नव्हतं. अब्दुलच्या जीवनातला आनंद संपला होता. त्यामुळेच एखादया वस्वाचा एकाएकी रंग उडून जावा तशी त्याची जीवनेच्छा एकाएकी उडून गेली, असे लेखिका म्हणते.

प्रश्न 3.
वरील परिच्छेदावरून अब्दुलचा स्वभाव विशेष लिहा.
उत्तरः
अब्दुल हा अत्यंत संवेदनशील वृत्तीचा गृहस्थ होता. स्वत:ची आर्थिक स्थिती चांगली नसतांना देखील तो आपल्या व्यवसायाची पर्वा न करता तपोवनात जात असे. तेथील मुलींना स्त्रियांना त्याच्या मनपसंत बांगड्या भरत असे. त्याला त्या मुलींचा, स्त्रियांचा आनंद बघून समाधान वाटत असे. यावरून असे दिसते की, दुसऱ्याला आनंद देण्यासाठी धडपडणारा, व माणुसकीला जपणारा असा अब्दुल होता. तपोवन आता राहणार नाही हे कळल्यावर तो खूप दुःखी झाला यावरून असे कळते की, तो आपल्यापेक्षा दुसऱ्यांच्या सुखाचा, आनंदाचा विचार करणारा परोपकारी वृत्तीचा होता. तो खूपच हळवा होता.

स्वाध्याय कृती

प्रश्न 1.
शन्नूच्या वागण्यामागील तिचा विचार काय असावा, याविषयी तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तरः
इतर चार-चौघीसारखी शन्नू गृहिणी होती. आपला प्रपंच नीट चालावा, अब्दुलचा व्यवसाय वाढावा, इतरांप्रमाणे आपल्या घरातही दोन चांगल्या वस्तू असाव्यात अशी तिची अपेक्षा होती. म्हणून तपोवनात कुष्ठरोगी स्त्रियांना बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी जाणाऱ्या अब्दुलचा ती राग करत असे. तपोवनातील कुष्ठरोगाने पिडीत स्त्रियांना अब्दुल बांगड्या भरायला जातो हे जर कुणाला कळले तर इतर स्त्रिया बांगड्या भरण्यासाठी अब्दुलकडे येणार नाहीत व त्यांचा परिणाम व्यवसायावर होईल, अशी धास्ती शन्नूला वाटत होती म्हणून अब्दुल तपोवनात जातो हे कोणाला कळू नये यासाठी तिची धडपड सुरू असे. अत्यंत साध्या अपेक्षा असणारी ती सामान्य गृहिणी होती, अब्दुलची उदात्त वृत्ती, परोपकार, सेवाभाव यातलं तिला काही कळत नव्हते.

चुडीवाला शब्दार्थ‌ ‌

• ‌उजळणी‌ ‌-‌ ‌सराव‌ ‌,‌ ‌शिकलेल्या‌ ‌भागाचा‌ ‌पुन्हा‌ ‌अभ्यास‌‌ – (revision)‌ ‌
• चुडीवाला‌ ‌-‌ ‌बांगडीवाला‌ ‌-‌ ‌(bangle‌ ‌seller)‌ ‌
• कुष्ठरोग‌ ‌-‌ ‌महारोग‌‌ – (leprosy)‌ ‌
• वसाहत‌ ‌-‌ ‌वसतिस्थान‌‌ – (colony)‌ ‌
• प्रस्ताव‌ ‌-‌ ‌ठराव‌‌ – (proposal)‌ ‌
• संवेदनशील‌ ‌-‌ ‌भावनाशील‌ ‌-‌ ‌(sensitive)‌ ‌
• वृत्ती‌ ‌-‌ ‌स्वभाव‌‌ – (nature)‌ ‌
• पर्वणीच‌ ‌-‌ ‌सणाचा‌ ‌दिवस‌ ‌-‌ ‌(a‌ ‌festival)‌ ‌
• उतारू‌ ‌-‌ ‌प्रवासी‌‌ – (passengers)‌ ‌
• क्रोध‌ ‌-‌ ‌राग‌‌ – (anger)‌ ‌
• चौथरा‌ -‌ ‌दगडी‌ ‌ओटा‌ ‌
• कीव‌ ‌-‌ ‌करूणा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(mercy,‌ ‌pity)‌ ‌
• मेघरहित‌ ‌-‌ ‌ढग‌ ‌नसलेले‌ ‌-‌ ‌(without‌ ‌clouds)‌ ‌
• उसवलेला‌ ‌-‌ ‌शिवण‌ ‌सैल‌ ‌झालेला‌ ‌किंवा‌ ‌फाटलेला‌ ‌
• जीवनेच्छा‌ ‌-‌ ‌जीवनातील‌ ‌इच्छा‌ ‌
• वाऱ्याचा‌ ‌झोत‌ ‌-‌ ‌वाऱ्याची‌ ‌लाट‌ ‌-‌ ‌(a‌ ‌wave‌ ‌of‌ ‌air)‌ ‌
• कमान‌ ‌-‌ ‌महिरप‌ ‌-‌ ‌(decorative‌ ‌half‌ ‌cirlce)‌ ‌
• दिव्य‌ ‌-‌ ‌कसोटीचा‌ ‌प्रसंग‌ ‌/‌ ‌कठोर‌ ‌परीक्षा‌‌ -‌ ‌(an‌ ‌ordeal)‌ ‌
• चैतन्य‌ ‌-‌ ‌जिवंतपणा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(liveliness)‌ ‌
• देवदूत‌ ‌-‌ ‌देवाचा‌ ‌निरोप्या‌ ‌-‌ ‌(god’s‌ ‌messenger)‌ ‌
• विलक्षण‌ ‌-‌ ‌वेगळे‌‌ -‌ ‌(uncommon)‌ ‌
• समाधान‌ ‌-‌ ‌मनाचा‌ ‌संतोष,‌‌ – (satisfaction)‌ ‌
• सत्कार‌ ‌-‌ ‌आदर‌‌ – (hospitality,‌ ‌respect)‌ ‌
• संकोच‌ ‌-‌ ‌लाजणे‌ ‌-‌ ‌(to‌ ‌feel‌ ‌shy)‌‌
• सडसडीत‌ ‌-‌ ‌उंच‌ ‌देखणा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(tall,‌ ‌slim‌ ‌and‌ ‌comely)‌ ‌
• देहयष्टी‌ ‌-‌ ‌शरीराची‌ ‌ठेवण‌ ‌-‌ ‌(body‌ ‌structure)‌ ‌
• तेजःपुंज‌ ‌-‌ ‌तेजस्वी‌‌ – (lustrous‌ ‌/‌ ‌brilliant)‌ ‌
• ‌गौरवर्ण‌ ‌-‌ ‌गोरा‌ ‌रंग‌ ‌-‌ ‌(fair)‌‌
• ‌रुबाब‌ ‌/दिमाख‌ ‌खार‌ ‌-‌ ‌एक‌ ‌चपळ‌ ‌प्राणी‌ ‌-‌ ‌(asquirrel)‌ ‌
• आश्वासन‌ ‌-‌ ‌वचन/हमी‌ ‌-‌ ‌(promise)‌
• ‌मोबदला‌ ‌-‌ ‌केलेल्या‌ ‌कामाचे‌ ‌वेतन‌‌ – (remuneration‌ ‌for‌ ‌the‌ ‌work‌ ‌done)‌ ‌
• अनमोल‌ ‌-‌ ‌मौल्यवान,‌ ‌ज्याचे‌ ‌मूल्य‌ ‌होऊ‌ ‌शकत‌ ‌नाही‌ ‌असे‌‌ – (priceless)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Maths Solutions covers the Problem Set 7 Geometry 10th Class Maths Part 2 Answers Solutions Chapter 7 Mensuration.

Problem Set 7 Geometry 10th Std Maths Part 2 Answers Chapter 7 Mensuration

Problem Set 7 Question 1. Choose the correct alternative answer for each of the following questions.

i. The ratio of circumference and area of a circle is 2 : 7. Find its circumference.
(A) 14 π
(B) \(\frac{7}{\pi}\)
(C) 7π
(D) \(\frac{14}{\pi}\)
Answer:

(A)

ii. If measure of an arc of a circle is 160° and its length is 44 cm, find the circumference of the circle.
(A) 66 cm
(B) 44 cm
(C) 160 cm
(D) 99 cm
Answer:

(D)

iii. Find the perimeter of a sector of a circle if its measure is 90° and radius is 7 cm.
(A) 44 cm
(B) 25 cm
(C) 36 cm
(D) 56 cm
Answer:

(B)

iv. Find the curved surface area of a cone of radius 7 cm and height 24 cm.
(A) 440 cm²
(B) 550 cm²
(C) 330 cm²
(D) 110 cm²
Answer:

(B)

v. The curved surface area of a cylinder is 440 cm² and its radius is 5 cm. Find its height.
(A) \(\frac{44}{\pi}\) cm
(B) 22π cm
(C) 44π cm
(D) \(\frac{22}{\pi}\)
Answer:

(A)

vi. A cone was melted and cast into a cylinder of the same radius as that of the base of the cone. If the height of the cylinder is 5 cm, find the height of the cone.
(A) 15 cm
(B) 10 cm
(C) 18 cm
(D) 5 cm
Answer:

(A)

vii. Find the volume of a cube of side 0.01 cm.
(A) 1 cm
(B) 0.001 cm³
(C) 0.0001 cm³
(D) 0.000001 cm³
Answer:
Volume of cube = (side)³
= (0.01)³ = 0.000001 cm³
(D)

viii. Find the side of a cube of volume 1 m³
(A) 1 cm
(B) 10 cm
(C) 100 cm
(D) 1000 cm
Answer:
Volume of cube = (side)³
∴ 1 = (side)³
∴ Side = 1 m
= 100 cm
(C)

Problem Set 7 Geometry Class 10 Question 2. A washing tub in the shape of a frustum of a cone has height 21 cm. The radii of the circular top and bottom are 20 cm and 15 cm respectively. What is the capacity of the tub? = (π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 } \))
Given: For the frustum shaped tub,
height (h) = 21 cm,
radii (r₁) = 20 cm, and (r₂) = 15 cm
To find: Capacity (volume) of the tub.
Solution:
Volume of frustum = \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \) πh (r₁² + r₂² + r₁ × r₂)

∴ The capacity of the tub is 20.35 litres.

10th Geometry Problem Set 7 Question 3. Some plastic balls of radius 1 cm were melted and cast into a tube. The thickness, length and outer radius of the tube were 2 cm, 90 cm and 30 cm respectively. How many balls were melted to make the tube?
Given: For the cylindrical tube,
height (h) = 90 cm,
outer radius (R) = 30 cm,
thickness = 2 cm
For the plastic spherical ball,
radius (r₁) = 1 cm
To find: Number of balls melted.
Solution:

Inner radius of tube (r)
= outer radius – thickness of tube
= 30 – 2
= 28 cm
Volume of plastic required for the tube = Outer volume of tube – Inner volume of hollow tube
= πR²h – πr²h
= πh(R² – r²)
= π × 90 (30² – 28²)
= π × 90 (30 + 28) (30 – 28) …[∵ a² – b² = (a + b)(a – b)]
= 90 × 58 × 2π cm³

∴ 7830 plastic balls were melted to make the tube.

Problem Set 7 Geometry Question 4.
A metal parallelopiped of measures 16 cm × 11cm × 10cm was melted to make coins. How many coins were made if the thickness and diameter of each coin was 2 mm and 2 cm respectively?
Given: For the parallelopiped.,
length (l) = 16 cm, breadth (b) = 11 cm,
height (h) = 10 cm
For the cylindrical coin,
thickness (H) = 2 mm,
diameter (D) 2 cm
To find: Number of coins made.
Solution:
Volume of parallelopiped = l × b × h
= 16 × 11 × 10
= 1760 cm³
Thickness of coin (H) = 2 mm
= 0.2 cm …[∵ 1 cm = 10 mm]
Diameter of coin (D) = 2 cm

∴ 2800 coins were made by melting the parallelopiped.

Mensuration Problem Question 5.  The diameter and length of a roller is 120 cm and 84 cm respectively. To level the ground, 200 rotations of the roller are required. Find the expenditure to level the ground at the rate of ₹ 10 per sq.m.
Given: For the cylindrical roller,
diameter (d) =120 cm,
length = height (h) = 84 cm
To find: Expenditure of levelling the ground.
Solution:
Diameter of roller (d) = 120 cm

Now, area of ground levelled in one rotation = curved surface area of roller
= 3.168 m²
∴ Area of ground levelled in 200 rotations
= 3.168 × 200 =
633.6 m²
Rate of levelling = ₹ 10 per m²
∴ Expenditure of levelling the ground
= 633.6 × 10 = ₹ 6336
∴ The expenditure of levelling the ground is ₹ 6336.

Question 6.
The diameter and thickness of a hollow metal sphere are 12 cm and 0.01 m respectively. The density of the metal is 8.88 gm per cm3. Find the outer surface area and mass of the sphere, [π = 3.14]
Given: For the hollow sphere,
diameter (D) =12 cm, thickness = 0.01 m
density of the metal = 8.88 gm per cm³
To find: i. Outer surface area of the sphere
ii. Mass of the sphere.

Solution:
Diameter of the sphere (D)
= 12 cm
∴ Radius of sphere (R)
= \(\frac { d }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 12 }{ 2 } \) = 6 cm
∴ Surface area of sphere = 4πR²
= 4 × 3.14 × 6²
= 452.16 cm²
Thickness of sphere = 0.01 m
= 0.01 × 100 cm …[∵ 1 m = 100 cm]
= 1 cm
∴ Inner radius of the sphere (r)
= Outer radius – thickness of sphere
= 6 – 1 = 5 cm
∴ Volume of hollow sphere
= Volume of outer sphere – Volume of inner sphere

∴ The outer surface area and the mass of the sphere are 452.16 cm² and 3383.19 gm respectively.

Question 7.
A cylindrical bucket of diameter 28 cm and height 20 cm was full of sand. When the sand in the bucket was poured on the ground, the sand got converted into a shape of a cone. If the height of the cone was 14 cm, what was the base area of the cone?
Given: For the cylindrical bucket,
diameter (d) = 28 cm, height (h) = 20 cm
For the conical heap of sand,
height (H) = 14 cm
To find: Base area of the cone (πR²).
Solution:
Diameter of the bucket (d) = 28 cm


The base area of the cone is 2640 cm².

Question 8.
The radius of a metallic sphere is 9 cm. It was melted to make a wire of diameter 4 mm. Find the length of the wire.
Given: For metallic sphere,
radius (R) = 9 cm
For the cylindrical wire,
diameter (d) = 4 mm
To find: Length of wire (h).
Solution:

∴ The length of the wire is 243 m.

Question 9.
The area of a sector of a circle of 6 cm radius is 157t sq.cm. Find the measure of the arc and length of the arc corresponding to the sector.
Given: Radius (r) = 6 cm,
area of sector = 15 π cm²
To find: i. Measure of the arc (θ),
ii. Length of the arc (l)
Solution:

∴ The measure of the arc and the length of the arc are 150° and 5π cm respectively.

Question 10.
In the adjoining figure, seg AB is a chord of a circle with centre P. If PA = 8 cm and distance of chord AB from the centre P is 4 cm, find the area of the shaded portion.

(π = 3.14, \(\sqrt { 3 }\) = 1.73)
Given: Radius (r) = PA = 8 cm,
PC = 4 cm
To find: Area of shaded region.
Solution:

Similarly, we can show that, ∠BPC = 60°
∠APB = ∠APC + ∠BPC …[Angle sum property]
∴ θ = 60° + 60° = 120°


Area of shaded region = A(P-ADB) – A(∆APB)
= 66.98 – 27.68
= 39.30 cm²
∴ The area of the shaded region is 39.30 cm².

Question 11.
In the adjoining figure, square ABCD is inscribed in the sector A-PCQ. The radius of sector C-BXD is 20 cm. Complete the following activity to find the area of shaded region.

Solution:
Side of square ABCD
= radius of sector C-BXD = [20] cm
Area of square = (side)² = 20² = 400 cm² ….(i)
Area of shaded region inside the square = Area of square ABCD – Area of sector C-BXD

Radius of bigger sector
= Length of diagonal of square ABCD
= \(\sqrt { 2 }\) × side
= 20 \(\sqrt { 2 }\) cm
Area of the shaded regions outside the square
= Area of sector A-PCQ – Area of square ABCD
= A(A – PCQ) – A(꠸ABCD)

Alternate method:

□ABCD is a square. … [Given]
Side of □ABCD = radius of sector (C-BXD)
= 20 cm
Radius of sector (A-PCQ) = Diagonal
= \(\sqrt { 2 }\) × side
= \(\sqrt { 2 }\) × 20
= 20 \(\sqrt { 2 }\) cm

Now, Area of shaded region
= A(A-PCQ) – A(C-BXD)
= 628 – 314
= 314 cm²
∴ The area of the shaded region is 314 cm².

Question 12.
In the adjoining figure, two circles with centres O and P are touching internally at point A. If BQ = 9, DE = 5, complete the following activity to find the radii of the circles.

Solution:
Let the radius of the bigger circle be R and that of smaller circle be r.
OA, OB, OC and OD are the radii of the bigger circle.
∴ OA = OB = OC = OD = R
PQ = PA = r
OQ + BQ = OB … [B – Q – O]
OQ = OB – BQ = R – 9
OE + DE = OD ….[D – E – O]
OE = OD – DE = [R – 5]
As the chords QA and EF of the circle with centre P intersect in the interior of the circle, so by the property of internal division of two chords of a circle,
OQ × OA = OE × OF
∴ (R – 9) × R = (R – 5) × (R – 5) …[∵ OE = OF]
∴ R² – 9R = R² – 10R + 25
∴ -9R + 10R = 25
∴ R = [25units]
AQ = AB – BQ = 2r ….[B-Q-A]
∴ 2r = 50 – 9 = 41
∴ r = \(\frac { 41 }{ 2 } \) = 20.5 units

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 4.1 मोठे होत असलेल्या मुलांनो… Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Aksharbharati Solutions Chapter 4.1 मोठे होत असलेल्या मुलांनो…

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Chapter 4.1 मोठे होत असलेल्या मुलांनो… Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
टिपा लिहा.

(अ) बार्क.
उत्तरः
‘बार्क’ हे ‘भाभा अॅटॉमिक रिसर्च सेंटर’ म्हणजे ‘भाभा अणुसंशोधन केंद्र’ या नावाचे लघुरूप आहे. डॉ. होमी भाभा यांनी भारतातील अणुसंशोधनाचा पाया घातला. त्यांची आठवण म्हणून त्यांचे नाव या संस्थेला दिलेले आहे. ही संस्था आता प्रचंड मोठी झालेली आहे. अणुसंशोधनाच्या क्षेत्रात कार्य करू पाहणाऱ्या अनेक नवीन मुलांना तिथे कार्य करण्याची संधी उपलब्ध करून दिली जाते. अनेक मुले इथल्या ट्रेनिंग स्कूलमध्ये संशोधन करत असतात. योग्य प्रशिक्षण घेऊन स्वत:ला सक्षम करून स्वत:चे मार्ग शोधून पुढे जातात, आपले उज्ज्वल भविष्य घडवत असतात.

(आ) डॉ. होमी भाभा.
उत्तरः
डॉ. होमी भाभा यांनी भारतातील अणुसंशोधनाचा पाया घातला. भारतातील अणुसंशोधन केंद्राला त्यांचेच नाव दिले आहे. ‘बार्क’ ही ‘भाभा अॅटॉमिक रिसर्च सेंटर’ म्हणजे ‘भाभा अणुसंशोधन केंद्र’ या नावाने ओळखली जाते. अनेक मुलेमुली इथल्या ट्रेनिंग स्कूलमध्ये संशोधन करत असतात. या शिक्षण घेणाऱ्या मुलांना भेटायला, त्यांना प्रोत्साहित करायला डॉ. होमी भाभा नेहमी तिथे येत असत. डॉ. होमी भाभा म्हणजे प्रचंड स्फूर्तिदायक असे व्यक्तिमत्त्व होते. लेखक स्वत: या ट्रेनिंग स्कूलमध्ये शिक्षण घेत असताना डॉ. भाभा तीन-चार वेळा स्वतः तिथे आले होते. त्यावेळी स्वत:ला सक्षम कसे करावे, ऊर्जा कशी मिळवावी, स्वत:च स्वत:चे मार्ग कसे शोधावेत यासाठीचे त्यांचे मार्गदर्शन लेखक डॉ. अनिल काकोडकर यांच्यासाठी फारच महत्त्वाचे ठरले होते.

प्रश्न 2.
‘स्काय इज द लिमिट’ ही परिस्थिती केव्हा निर्माण होऊ शकते ते पाठाच्या आधारे लिहा.
उत्तरः
लेखक बार्क संस्थेत ट्रेनिंग स्कूलला गेले होते. तेव्हा ती संस्था सुरू होऊन जेमतेम सात वर्षे झाली होती. लेखक ट्रेनिंग स्कूलला असताना होमी भाभा तीन-चार वेळा तेथे आले होते. एकदा लेखकांनी त्यांना विचारलं, “आम्ही इतकी मुलं-मुली आहोत; पण सर्वांना पुरेल इतकं काम कुठे आहे इथे?” तेव्हा ते म्हणाले, “तुम्ही त्याची काळजी न करता सर्वजण संशोधन करा. त्यासाठी सरकारला किती खर्च येतो याचा आता विचार करू नका. तुम्ही स्वतःच काम निर्माण करा. बॉसने सांगितले तेवढचं काम करायचं आणि सांगितलं नसेल तर आपल्याला कामच नाही असं समजायचं, हे चूक आहे. ही प्रवृत्ती गेली पाहिजे.

भाभांनी सांगितलेल्या या मुद्द्यातून लेखकांनी स्वत:च स्वतःला सक्षम बनवले. त्यातूनच त्यांना ऊर्जा मिळवता आली आणि स्वत:चे मार्ग शोधता आले. यावरूनच लेखकांना कळले की आकाशाला कितीही मोठी पोकळी असली तरी आपण स्वतःचा मार्ग स्वत:च कोणाचाही आधार न घेता सततच्या प्रयत्नाने शोधला तर तोही मिळतोच. अशावेळी ‘स्काय इज द लिमीट’ अशी परिस्थिती निर्माण होऊ शकते.

प्रश्न 3.
मेटलायझिंग प्रक्रियेवर काम न होण्यामागची कारणे कोणती असावीत असे तुम्हांस वाटते?
उत्तरः
लेखक ट्रेनिंग स्कूलमधील प्रशिक्षण संपवून बार्कमध्ये इंजिनियर म्हणून जॉईन झाले. तेव्हा तिथे मेटलायझिंग प्रक्रियेवर काम करायला त्यांना सांगण्यात आले. त्यासाठी लागणारी सामग्री तिथे होती, पण आतापर्यंत ती कोणीही वापरलेली नव्हती. त्यामुळे लेखक म्हणाले की, ते काम करण्यास तयार आहेत, केवळ त्यांना मदतीसाठी एक वेल्डर आणि एक फोरमनची गरज आहे. त्यावेळी त्यांना नकार देण्यात आला. आपल्याला स्वत:लाच सगळे करावे लागेल असेही सांगण्यात आले. वरिष्ठांची आज्ञा म्हणून लेखकाने सुरुवात केली. बरीच धडपड करून लेखकाने ते काम पूर्ण केले.

मग वरिष्ठांकडून या कार्यक्रमाची व्याप्ती वाढवण्यात आली. ‘हे करूया, ते करूया’, असे बरेच काही काही बोलले गेले. नंतर वरिष्ठांनी लेखकाला विचारले की, “आता सांग, तुला काय काय पाहिजे? तुला वेल्डर मिळेल, फोरमन मिळेल, आणखी काही हवे असेल तर तेही मिळेल.” त्यावेळी लेखक म्हणाले की, “मला आता काहीच नको. मी स्वतः सगळे काम करीन.” त्यावेळी लेखकाला सांगण्यात आले की, काम सुरू करण्याआधीच लोक वेगवेगळ्या मागण्या करतात आणि त्यांच्या या वृत्तीमुळेच मेटलायझिंग प्रक्रियेवर काम अजिबात झालेले नव्हते. स्वत:ला काम करता येत नसताना दुसऱ्यांवर काम ढकलण्याच्या प्रक्रियेमुळेच मेटलायझिंग प्रक्रियेवर काम सुरू झालेले नव्हते, असे मला वाटते.

प्रश्न 4.
‘आधी केले मग सांगितले’, या उक्तीची यथार्थता स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
महाराष्ट्राला संतांची फार मोठी परंपरा लाभली आहे. आधी केले, मग सांगितले या उक्तीप्रमाणे सर्व संतांनी कार्य करून दाखवले आहे.

उदाहरणे दयायचीच तर संतांनी प्राण्यांवर दया करण्याचा संदेश आपल्या अभंगातून फक्त दिला नाही तर संतांनी ते करूनही दाखवले. संत नामदेव भुकेल्या कुत्र्याच्या मागे तुपाची वाटी घेऊन धावत गेले. संत एकनाथांनी भर उन्हात तडफडत असणाऱ्या गाढवाला काशीहून आणलेल्या गंगेचे पाणी पाजून समाजापुढे एक नवा आदर्श ठेवला.

राष्ट्रसंत तुकडोजी महाराज व थोर समाजसेवक व समाजसुधारक गाडगे महाराज यांनी स्वतः आधी हातात झाडू घेऊन गावातील केरकचरा दूर करण्यापासून ते विष्ठा उचलण्याची कामे केली. देवाच्या नावाने कर्मकांड करण्यापासून अडवले. मूर्तीपूजा न करता गोरगरीब मानवाची पूजा करा, त्यांची सेवा करा हे लोकांना आपल्या कीर्तनाच्या माध्यमातून पटवूनही दिले.

बाबा आमटे हे ही आधुनिक काळातील राष्ट्रसंतच म्हटले पाहिजेत. रस्त्यावर महारोग होऊन पडलेल्या तुळशीरामला पाहून त्यांच्या मनात कुष्ठरोग्यांच्या बद्दल सेवाभाव जागृत झाला व त्यातूनच चंद्रपूर येथे ‘आनंदवनाची’ निर्मिती झाली. त्यांनी केलेल्या कामाची दखल घेत पाश्चात्य देशांनी त्यांना पुरस्कृतही केले.

या सर्व उदाहरणांवरून ‘आधी केले, मग सांगितले’ या उक्तीची सार्थकता स्पष्ट झाल्यासारखे वाटते.

प्रश्न 5.
‘प्रत्यक्ष अनुभवांतून शिकणे हे अधिक परिणामकारक असते’, हे विधान स्वानुभवातून स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
शिकवणे आणि शिकणे ही प्रक्रिया निरंतर चालणारी आहे. आपले गुरूजन आपणांस शिकवण्याचे काम करत असतात. आजच्या शिक्षणप्रणालीत शिक्षक वर्गात फळ्यावर जरी प्रत्येक गणित सोडवून देत असले तरी विदयार्थ्यांनी तीच गणिते पुन्हा घरी जाऊन सोडवली तर त्यातून मिळणारा स्वानुभव हा परीक्षेत चांगले गुण मिळवून देऊ शकतो.

विज्ञान प्रदर्शनात गुरूजनांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली एखादा प्रयोग, एखादी प्रतिकृती तयार केली तरी ती बनवत असताना आलेला अनुभव हाच प्रदर्शनात परीक्षकांच्या पुढे उत्तरे देताना धाडस निर्माण करून देतो. याच अनुभवातून विदयार्थी परीक्षकांनी विचारलेल्या प्रश्नांना उत्तरे देताना अडखळत नाहीत. त्यामुळे त्यांचा आत्मविश्वासही वाढलेला दिसून येतो.

यावरून असे लक्षात येते की, कोणतेही काम एखादयाने सांगितल्यावर त्याप्रमाणे कृती करून पूर्ण करणे व पुन्हा तेच काम कोणाचेही मार्गदर्शन न घेता स्वतः करणे यातील अनुभव म्हणजेच खरा स्वानुभव होय असे म्हटले पाहिजे. शिवाय असे शिक्षण अधिक परिणामकारक असते.

टिपा लिहा.

प्रश्न  1.
‘कोणतेही काम कमी दर्जाचे न मानता ते करायची सवय ठेवली तर मोठी कामे करताना अडचणी येत नाहीत’ याबद्दल तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तरः
कोणतेही काम लहान व मोठे नसते. आपण जर त्या कामाला सकारात्मक विचाराने स्वीकारून फक्त ते काम करण्यास सुरुवात जरी केली तरी ते काम अर्धेअधिक पूर्ण झालेच म्हणून समजा. राहिलेले अर्धे काम, काम करण्यास सुरुवात करताच पूर्ण होत जाते. कोणतेही काम लहान व कमी दर्जाचे आहे असे मानून ते कधीही टाळू नये, कारण कोणतेच काम कमी दर्जाचे नसते. ते आपल्या करण्यावर अवलंबून असते.

आपणांस लहान-सहान कामाची सतत सवय असली पाहिजे. ही कामे आपण अगदी लहान वयातच करायला शिकले पाहिजे उदा. स्वत:चे कपडे स्वत: धुणे, फाटलेले कपडे स्वत: शिवणे, जेवताना स्वत:चे पान स्वत: वाढून घेणे, पिण्याच्या पाण्याचा तांब्या भरून घेणे, स्वत:च्या कपड्यांना इस्त्री करणे, स्वत:च्या बूटांना पॉलीश करणे इत्यादी कामांची सवय जर आपणांस लहानपणापासून असेल तर मोठेपणी जेव्हा घराची संपूर्ण जबाबदारी स्वत:वर येऊन पडते तेव्हा, त्या कामांचे ओझे वाटत नाही. मोठी कामे अवघड वाटत नाहीत. सर्वप्रकारची कामे आपण सहज पूर्ण करू शकतो, अशा प्रकारच्या कामातून आनंद तर मिळतोच पण मानसिक समाधान मिळते ते वेगळेच.

मोठे होत असलेल्या मुलांनो… शब्दार्थ‌‌

• खात्री‌ ‌-‌ ‌विश्वास‌ ‌-‌ ‌(trust)‌ ‌
• अभ्यास‌ ‌-‌ ‌सराव‌ ‌-‌ ‌(study,‌ ‌practice)‌ ‌
• लघुरूप‌ ‌-‌ ‌लहान‌ ‌रूप‌ ‌-‌ ‌(short‌ ‌form)‌
• प्रचंड‌‌ -‌ ‌खूप‌ ‌‌-‌ ‌(excessive)‌ ‌
• जेमतेम‌ ‌-‌ ‌सुमारे‌ ‌-‌ ‌(just)‌ ‌
• पुरेल‌ ‌-‌ ‌पूर्ण‌ ‌होईल‌ ‌-‌ ‌(sufficient)‌ ‌
• प्रवृत्ती/वृत्ती‌ ‌-‌ ‌स्वभाव‌ ‌-‌ ‌(nature)‌ ‌
• स्वानुभव‌ ‌‌-‌ ‌स्वत:चा‌ ‌अनुभव‌ ‌-‌ ‌(self‌ ‌experience)‌ ‌
• अंतिमतः‌ ‌-‌ ‌शेवटी‌ ‌-‌ ‌(at‌ ‌last)‌ ‌
• सक्षम‌‌ -‌ ‌बलवान‌‌ -‌ ‌(strong)‌‌
• सामग्री‌ -‌ ‌साहित्य‌ ‌-‌ ‌(equipment)‌
• ‌वरिष्ठ‌ ‌-‌ ‌मोठे‌ ‌अधिकारी‌ ‌-‌ ‌(senior‌ ‌officer)‌ ‌
• व्याप्ती‌ ‌‌-‌ ‌स्वभाव‌ ‌-‌ ‌(nature)‌
• आशय‌‌ -‌ ‌विषय‌‌ ‌-‌ ‌(subject)