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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Sociology Important Questions Chapter 2 Contribution of Western and Indian Sociologists Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Sociology Important Questions Chapter 2 Contribution of Western and Indian Sociologists

Choose the correct alternative and complete the statements.

Question 1.
At the age of 14 expressed the need for ‘reconstruction of society.’
(Karl Marx / Auguste Comte / Emile Durkheim)
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 2.
Auguste Comte described sociology with its ‘static’ and ………………….. aspects.
(stable / rigid / dynamic)
Answer:
dynamic

Question 3.
According to …………………, human knowledge passes through three stages of evolution.
(Iravati Karve / Auguste Comte / Karl Marx)
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 4.
The ‘Theory of suicide’ is developed by …………………..
(Emile Durkheim / Karl Marx / Dr. M. N. Srinivas)
Answer:
Emile Durkheim

Question 5.
When the repressive feeling is created due to extreme control of society ……………….. suicide takes place due to extreme control of society.
(fatalistic / anomic / egoistic)
Answer:
fatalistic

Question 6.
……………….. suicide takes place in situation where one is unable to cope with circumstances, cropped up suddenly.
(Fatalistic / Altruistic / Anomic)
Answer:
Anomic

Question 7.
The persons who are concerned with their own interests and have nothing to do with other member of the society, commit …………….. suicide.
(egoistic / anomic / fatalistic)
Answer:
egoistic

Question 8.
………………… is also known as the architect of communism.
(Iravati Karve / Auguste Comte / Karl Marx)
Answer:
Karl Marx

Question 9.
According to Marx, it is the ……………….. factor that formed the basis of class.
(political / economical / social)
Answer:
economical

Question 10.
The tendency towards the radical polarization of classes is inherent in ………………. society.
(capitalist / democratic / modern)
Answer:
capitalist

Question 11.
Capitalists accumulate profit through the ……………….. of labour.
(accumulation / manipulation / exploitation)
Answer:
exploitation

Question 12.
According to Marx. ………………… is the result of exploitation and not of scarcity.
(poverty / unemployment / beggary)
Answer:
poverty

Question 13.
……………… is the Father of Indian Sociology.
(Dr. G. S. Ghurye / Dr. Iravati Karve / Dr. M. N. Srinivas)
Answer:
Dr. G. S. Ghurye

Question 14.
………………. formed the ‘Indian Sociological Society’ in 1952.
(Dr. M. N. Srinivas / B. K. Sarkar / Dr. G. S. Ghurye)
Answer:
Dr. G. S. Ghurye

Question 15.
Dr. G. S. Ghurye wrote a book ………………… in 1932.
(Caste and Race in India / Kinship Organisation in India / Positive Philosophy)
Answer:
Caste and Race in India

Question 16.
The concept of ‘Dominant Caste’ is introduced by …………………
(Dr. Iravati Karve / Dr. G. S. Ghurye, / Dr. M. N. Srinivas)
Answer:
Dr. M. N. Srinivas

Question 17.
The book ‘Kinship Organisation in India’ is published in 1953 by ………………..
(Dr. Iravati Karve / Dr. G. S. Ghurye / B. M. Seal)
Answer:
Dr. Iravati Karve

Correct the incorrect pair.

Question 1.
(a) Durkheim – Theory of Suicide
(b) Karl Marx – Theory of Class Conflict
(c) Auguste Comte – The Study of Race and Racism
(d) Abdul Rahman Ibn – Khaldun – Study of social institutions and their interrelationships
Answer:
(c) Auguste Comte – Theory of ‘Law of Three Stages’

Question 2.
(a) Positive Philosophy – Auguste Comte
(b) Caste and Race in India – Dr. M. N. Srinivas
(c) Kinship Organisation in India – Dr. Iravati Karve
(d) The Philadelphia Negro – William Du Bois
Answer:
(b) Caste and Race in India – Dr. G. S. Ghurye

Question 3.
(a) Le Suicide – Auguste Comte
(b) Communist Manifesto – Karl Marx
(c) Sociological Bulletin – G.S. Ghurye
(d) Kinship Organisation in India – Iravati Karve
Answer:
(a) Le Suicide – Durkheim

Question 4.
(a) Social isolation – Altruistic suicide
(b) Normlessness – Anomic suicide
(c) Value oriented – Altruistic suicide
(d) Repressive feeling – Fatalistic suicide
Answer:
(a) Social isolation – Egoistic suicide

Question 5.
(a) Abolition of private property – Communist society
(b) Economic exploitation – Alienation
(c) Accumulation of profits – Surplus values
(d) Workers poverty – Antagonism
Answer:
(d) Workers poverty – Pauperization

Identify the appropriate term from the given options.

(Dr. G. S. Ghurye, Dr. Iravati Karve, Altruistic suicide, Dominant caste)
Question 1.
Marx argues that classes will become hostile towards each other.
Answer:
Polarization

Question 2.
The Indian sociologist who coined the term westernisation.
Answer:
M. N. Srinivas

Question 3.
He started an independent Department of Sociology in the University of Bombay.
Answer:
Dr. G. S. Ghurye

Question 4.
Her concept of Kinship relations in India in basically a socio-cultural concept.
Answer:
Dr. Iravati Karve

Question 5.
This type of suicide is value-oriented.
Answer:
Altruistic suicide

Question 6.
Enjoyment of maximum economical and political power.
Answer:
Dominant caste

Question 7.
According to Marx, poverty is the result of exploitation.
Answer:
Pauperization

Question 8.
The theory of class conflict.
Answer:
Karl Marx

Question 9.
It is result of economic exploitation and inhuman conditions.
Answer:
Alienation

Question 10.
In this stage one seeks to establish laws which govern social life.
Answer:
Positive stage

Correct the underlined words and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
Some writers honour Dr. Iravati Karve as the first female sociologist.
Answer:
Some writers honour Harriet Martineau as the first female sociologist.

Question 2.
Emile Durkheim was the first black man to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University.
Answer:
William Du Bois was the first black man to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University.

Question 3.
Dr. Iravati Karve introduced the concept of Sanskritisation.
Answer:
Dr. M.N. Srinivas introduced the concept of Sanskritisation.

Question 4.
Dominant caste is primarily socio-cultural concept related to factors of family, caste and language in India.
Answer:
Kinship is primarily socio-cultural concept related to factors of family, caste and language in India.

Question 5.
According to Marx, accumulation of Profit through the exploitation of labour is polarization.
Answer:
According to Marx, accumulation of Profit through the exploitation of labour is surplus value.

Question 6.
Reason and examination were basic planks of knowledge at Metaphysical stage.
Answer:
Reason and examination were basic planks of knowledge at Positive/Scientific stage.

Write suitable examples of given concepts and justify your answer.

Question 1.
Egoistic suicide.
Answer:
Example: It is committed by people who become introvert and have less desires to live in the company of others, suicide rates are higher for those widowed, single and divorced.

Egoistic suicide is when an individual finds no reason to exist in life such people have nothing to do with other members of the society. Such people are socially isolated and they think that they have no place in society.

Question 2.
Dominant caste.
Answer:
Example: Marathas in Maharashtra, are the dominant caste, landowners and cultivators that make up about 50% of the population, Reddys and Kammas in Andhra Pradesh.
1. Dominant caste is a caste large in member and exercises more economical, social and political privileges over other people.

2. In Maharashtra, Marathas are large in number and play a very important role as far as social, economical and political policies are concerned.

3. Attributes or determinants of dominant caste are as follows:

1. Sizeable amount of arable land locally available.
2. Strength of numbers.
3. High place in the local hierarchy.
4. Western education.

Question 3.
Theological stage.
Answer:
Example: For example, ancient people actually believed that planets were God. This is a stage in which people have faith on supernatural power and considered God as a supreme authority. During ancient period; people of India had blind faith on many things, were following various evil practices etc. According to them God was the highest, authority and everything took place as per His wishes.

Question 4.
Anomic suicide.
Answer:
Example: In the Indian context, the farmers’ suicides fall under anomic suicide. Because of economic instability farmers tend to commit suicide.

Anomie is a condition of normlessness, a moral vacuum, the suspension of rules, a state sometimes referred to as deregulation. This type of suicide takes place in situations where one is not able to cope with circumstances which have cropped up suddenly.

Question 5.
Altruistic suicide.
Answer:
Example: Sati committed by Indian women in the past or Hara-kiri committed by Japanese. Here an individual commits suicide with the object of doing well for others. This type of suicide is value- oriented. An individual commits suicide due to extreme loyalty to one’s group and readiness to die.

Question 6.
Fatalistic suicide.
Answer:
Example: A prisoner, commits suicide due to oppressed feelings of the prison system, (or) A terminally ill patient commits suicide.
Fatalistic suicide takes place, when the repressive feelings is created due to extreme control of society.

Write short notes.

Question 1.
The Development of Sociology
Answer:

1. The foundations of sociology were laid down by Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim in France.
2. The legacy of sociology was later on continued in other countries in Europe and the western world. Sociology has also developed in India.
3. Sociologist like Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx from the west and G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas and Iravati Karve have worked on specific areas within the broad scope of Sociology as a discipline.
4. Many of them have developed specific concepts and developed theories through which they explain human social behaviour.

Question 2.
Contribution of Dr. M. N. Srinivas.
Answer:
1. Dr. M. N. Srinivas completed his education in Mysore and joined the Department of Sociology in Mumbai University. He was a student of Dr. G. S. Ghurye.

2. Different concepts like, Brahminisation, Sanskristisation, Westernisation and Secularisation, Dominant caste, etc., were introduced by him.

3. According to him each caste in India differ from the other as far as strength and influences are concerned. Some castes enjoy higher privileges. In this respect he developed the concept of ‘Dominant Caste’. He prescribed different determinants of dominant cast. On the basis of these attributes and determinants, some caste in India are considered as ‘Dominant Caste’.

4. Examples of dominant castes given by Dr. Srinivas are:

• Lingayats and Okkaligas in Karnataka
• Reddys and Kammas in Andhra Pradesh.

Question 3.
Contribution of Dr. Iravati Karve to Indian sociology.
Answer:
1. Dr. Iravati Karve has immense contributors in sociology and Anthropology. She has done pioneering work in her book “Kinship organisation in India” published in 1953. In this book, she presents a micro analysis of the major kinship systems in India.

2. The book gives us a list of kinship terms in major Indian languages, their linguistic content, corresponding behaviour and attitudes rules of descent and inheritance and patterns of marriage and family.

3. Kinship is primarily a socio-cultural concept and subsequently it is related to factors of family, caste and language in India.

4. She has presented kinship organisation on the basis of geographical regions – Northern, Central, Southern and Eastern, and linguistic regions like Indo-European and Dravidian kinship is a primarily socio-cultural concept and subsequently it is related to factors of family, caste and languages in India.

Question 4.
Contribution of Karl Marx.
Answer:
1. Karl Marx, is also known as the architect of Communism.

2. The Theory of ‘class conflict’ is central to Marxian thought. In his ‘Communist Manifesto’ Marx has said that, at every stage in history, there is a war between the classes.

3. According to Marx, ‘it is the economic factor that forms the basis of class’.

4. Marx’s analysis of class conflict in capitalist society is as following:

1. The importance of property
2. Polarization of classes
3. Surplus value
4. Alienation
5. Pauperization
6. Class solidarity and antagonism
7. Revolution
8. Dictatorship of proletariat
9. Emergence of the communist society

Question 5.
Contribution of Harriet Martineau.
Answer:

1. Some writers honour Martineau as the first female sociologist.
2. Martineau introduced Comte to the English-speaking world by translating his book written in French to English, as ‘The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte.
3. According to Martineau, “When one studies a society, one must focus on all its aspects which includes political, religious, and social institutions”
4. She was the first sociologist to study issues such as marriage, children, religious life, and race relations. She believed that comprehensive social analysis was crucial to understand women’s secondary status in the society.

Question 6.
Hinduisation of the tribes.
Answer:

1. Ghurye referred to the long process of Hinduisation of the tribes from different parts of India.
2. Tribal deities like Ganesh, Kali, Shiva were getting equal space in Hinduism with Aryan deities like, Indra, Vishnu and Brahma for establishing synthesis between multiple cultures present in Indian society.
3. As a result the tribes of India considered Hindu society and its cultural tradition, a new home for them, referred as Hinduisation of the tribes by Ghurye.
4. Many tribal leaders like Tana Bhagat, Vishnu Bhagat, Kabir Panthi and others successfully carried Hindu cultural attributes to tribal life.

Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Question 5.

Answer:

Question 6.

Answer:

Question 7.

Answer:

State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
Auguste Comte formulated the theories of‘Law of Three Stages’.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. According to Comte every individual develops as per his stages of development in childhood, in adolescence and in adulthood.
2. The evolution of human mind takes place along with the evolution of the individual mind.
3. Human knowledge passes through these three stages of evolution, theological stage Comte is of the view that in the first stage, ideas and views were influenced by spiritual and supernatural factors, metaphysical stage. In this stage, explanations based on faith in supernatural beings were replaced by those based on abstract power, positive stage this is an improved and scientific form of human thinking.
4. Comte wanted Sociology to develop through these stages. Hence, Auguste Comte formulated the theories of ‘Law of Three Stages’.

Question 2.
Sociology is a western phenomenon.
Answer:
This statement is False.

1. Though there is a tendency to think of sociology as a western phenomenon, but scholars like Abdul Rahman Ibn-Khaldun were doing Sociology long ago in different parts of the world.
2. Abdul Rahman Ibn-Khaldun was born in Tunis in North Africa and was committed to the scientific study of society, empirical research and the search for the causes of social phenomena.
3. He devoted attention to various social institutions and their interrelationships. He was interested in comparing primitive and modern societies.

Give your personal response.

Question 1.
Do you think farmer’s suicide is a burning issue and has emerged as a social problem? Give reasons for your response?
Answer:
Yes, farmers suicide is a burning issue and a social problem. Heavy indebtedness, irregular monsoon, rising cost of cultivation are various reasons that have led to a series of suicides committed by farmers. The action of killing oneself deliberately is suicide.

When an individual becomes unstable and enters in the state of dilemma and commits suicide it is an anomic suicide. In the Indian context the farmers suicides fall under the type of anomic suicide. Because of economic instability marginal farmers tend to commit suicide.

Answer the following in detail (About 150-200 words).

Question 1.
Bring out the contribution of any two sociologist and relate it to Indian society.
Answer:
1. Dr. G. S. Ghurye-Govind Sadashiv Ghurye is known as the ‘Father of Indian Sociology’, Ghurye’s work on tribes were general as well as specific. In his work on Scheduled Tribes, he dealt with the historical, administrative and social dimensions of Indian tribes. He also wrote on specific tribes such as the Mahadev Kolis in Maharashtra. Ghurye referred to the long process of Hinduization of the tribes from different parts of India which helped them to assimilate themselves within the folds of Hindu society. His book, ‘Caste and Race in India’ which was published in 1932 is historical, anthropological and sociological perspectives to understand caste and kinship system in India. Ghurye regards endogamy as a principal feature of caste.

2. Dr. Iravati Karve- has done pioneering work in her book ‘Kinship Organization in India’, published in 1953.The book on Kinship attempts to present a comparative picture of Kinship organisation in different parts of India. The book gives us a list of kinship terms in major Indian languages, their linguistic content, corresponding behaviour and attitudes, rules of descent and inheritance and patterns of marriage and family. Kinship is primarily a socio-cultural Iravati concept and related to factors of family, caste and language in India.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Sociology Important Questions Chapter 1 Introduction to Sociology Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Sociology Important Questions Chapter 1 Introduction to Sociology

Choose the correct alternative and complete the statements.

Question 1.
Sociology as a discipline emerged in ……………….
(France / America/ Europe)
Answer:
Europe

Question 2.
Sociology is a ………………….. science.
(pure/ natural / social)
Answer:
social

Question 3.
The etymological meaning of sociology is the science of …………………
(mind / society / system)
Answer:
society

Question 4.
Sociology studies society as a ……………….
(aspect / part / whole)
Answer:
whole

Question 5.
The period that brought change in European society is known as the ……………… period.
(revolution / progressive / enlightenment)
Answer:
Enlightenment

Question 6.
The Industrial Revolution took place in the 18th Century in ………………
(Germany / England / France)
Answer:
England

Question 7.
Industrial revolution gave rise to the ……………….. system of production.
(factory / political / economical)
Answer:
factory

Question 8.
Sociology has great importance in a modern ……………… society.
(complex / simple / rigid)
Answer:
complex

Question 9.
……………….. coined the word sociology for the first time in his book Positive Philosophy.
(Auguste Comte / George Simmel, Margaret Mead)
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 10.
The ………………. revolution refers to the expansion of trade and commerce to large scale production.
(Industrial / Commercial / French)
Answer:
Commercial

Question 11.
The Industrial Revolution took place in the ………………. century in England.
(16th / 18th / 19th)
Answer:
18th

Question 12.
The Revolution marked a turning point in the history of human struggle for freedom and equality ………………
(Industrial / Commercial / French)
Answer:
French

Question 13.
Migration from rural areas to urban settings is known as ……………………
(urbanisation / industrialisation / modernisation)
Answer:
urbanisation

Question 14.
The Sociological Imagination is a book written by sociologist …………………
(Wright Mills / August Comte / George Simmel)
Answer:
Wright Mills

Question 15.
Europe produced a …………………. Revolution in the Renaissance period.
(Industrial / Scientific / French)
Answer:
Scientific

Question 16.
Lack of health care, growth of slums are problems created by ………………….
(industrialization / urbanization / guild system)
Answer:
urbanization

Question 17.
Division of labour, and migration from rural to urban is problem of ……………… Revolution.
(Industrial / Scientific / French)
Answer:
Industrial

Question 18.
New ………………… discoveries helped in the eradication of blind beliefs.
(urban / scientific / technological)
Answer:
scientific

Question 19.
………………… refer to the movement of the population from its original homeland.
(Diaspora / Urban / Society)
Answer:
Diaspora

Question 20.
The French Revolution occurred in ……………….
(1789/ 1820/ 1758)
Answer:
1789

Correct the incorrect pair.

Question 1.
(a) Study of role of biology in human life – Bio-Sociology
(b) Study of social words of Art and Aesthetics – Sociology of Art
(c) Theoretical of knowledge in sociology in marketing segmental division of customers, Needs analysis etc. – Sociology of Market Research
(d) Study of visual dimensions of social life – Diaspora Studies
Answer:
(d) Study of visual dimensions of social life – Visual Sociology

Question 2.
(a) Sociology studies and analysis social facts – Scientific Method.
(b) Sociology holds that empiricism is its central feature – Empirical Science
(c) The aim of sociology is to find out the reality of society – Factual Science
(d) Sociology studies all aspects of social life – Arm Chair philosophy
Answer:
(d) Sociology studies all aspects of social life – Holistic Science

Question 3.
(a) Expansion of banking services – Urbanisation
(b) Producing of goods on a large-scale – Industrial Revolution
(c) It put an end to the age of feudalism – French Revolution
(d) Europe produced a revolution in the renaissance period – Scientific Revolution
Answer:
(a) Expansion of banking services – Commercial Revolution

Question 4.
(a) Developmental programme – Sociology of art
(b) The food people eat, fashion etc – Cultural studies
(c) Study of role of biology in human social life – Bio-sociology
(d) Cinematic studies – Film studies
Answer:
(a) Developmental programme – Developmental studies

Identify the appropriate term from the given options.

(Visual Sociology, Urbanisation, Urbanisation, The Guild System, Sociological Imagination, Cultural studies.)
Question 1.
The study of migration and its impact and international relations.
Answer:
Diaspora Studies

Question 2.
It is concerned with the visual dimensions of social life.
Answer:
Visual Sociology

Question 3.
Migrated from rural areas to urban areas.
Answer:
Urbanisation

Question 4.
It is a means to see through our everyday knowledge and make adequate sense of our own lives.
Answer:
Sociological Imagination

Question 5.
Productive system which was at its peak in the 13th century in Europe.
Answer:
The Guild System

Question 6.
It studies life style, consumption and social relations in metropolitan culture.
Answer:
Cultural studies

Correct underlined words and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
Study of sociology makes us more objective, rational, critical, prejudice-free and positive in our thinking it is visual approach.
Answer:
Study of sociology Studies makes us more objective, rational, critical, prejudice-free and positive in our thinking it is scientific approach.

Question 2.
Industries is responsible for endless problems such as overcrowding, pollution, traffic, etc.
Answer:
Urbanisation is responsible for endless problems such as overcrowding, pollution, traffic, etc.

Question 3.
The French revolution had made a significant contribution to shaping a scientific attitude in sociology.
Answer:
The Scientific revolution had made a significant contribution to shaping a scientific attitude in sociology.

Question 4.
Feudalism holds that knowledge is based on actual experience of the researcher.
Answer:
Empiricism holds that knowledge is based on actual experience of the researcher.

Question 5.
Cultural studies deal with exploring the narrative, artistic, cultural implications of cinema.
Answer:
Film studies deal with exploring the narrative, artistic, cultural implications of cinema.

Question 6.
Sociology is skill-oriented.
Answer:
Sociology is career-oriented.

Write suitable examples of given concepts and justify your answer.

Question 1.
Empirical Nature of Sociology.
Answer:
Example : Urbanisation resulted in endless problems such as slums etc.
Above mentioned e.g., is based on empirical study of Sociology, to prove above example in sociology the techniques used are to collect data like interview, observations and questionnaire by which data can be secured through empirical experience. Sociology uses scientific method of research and bases theory to verify the given problem / statement.

On the bases of empiricism and logical reasoning Sociology gives the conclusion. It is not based only on ‘arm-chair’ philosophy, or speculation. Rules are framed in sociology with the help of observation and experiences, Sociology holds that empiricism is central feature as a science. Therefore, sociology is empirical in nature.

Question 2.
Developmental Studies.
Answer:
Example : A study of urban community and rural community.
Developmental studies focus on different patterns of inequalities of societies. It pays particular attention to the changing factors and the relationships between developed and developing societies. It also examines the roles played by various institutions within them and their effects on different spheres of society like social, political and economic and environment.

Question 3.
Theoretical and applied nature of sociology.
Answer:
Example : A study of the social structure of a slum.
The use of applied science is to solve practical problems. A sociologist when does the study of the social structure of a slum, is working as a pure/theoretical scientist if this is followed by a study of how to prevent delinquency in a slum, of this is applied science, means practical applications of sociological use. Hence, it is proved that sociology is a theoretical science and applied science.

Question 4.
Sociology is the holistic science.
Answer:
Example : Sociology studies tribal society.
The study of society includes micro and macro aspects. However, sociology not only studies the aspects like family, religion or particular community but studies the society as a whole e.g., tribal community, rural community or urban community. Therefore, it is proved that sociology is a holistic science, meaning, it studies society as a whole.

Question 5.
Diaspora.
Answer:
Example : NRI migration, migration from rural to urban area.
Diaspora is a Greek word meaning ‘to scatter’. Today, we describe the term as the movement of the population from its original homeland, but maintaining active connections with the homeland.
In the mentioned example:
1. NRI refers to Indians residing in other countries like America. In spite of having Green Card, Citizenship of America, these Indians kept active contact or relation with their original homeland.

2. Migration from rural to urban area means migrate for the purpose of employment or any other reasons. When people migrate from rural area to urban area and yet, keep contact with their rural or ancestry that means Diaspora.

Write short notes.

Question 1.
Industrial revolution
Answer:
1. During the 18th century, in England, The Industrial Revolution took place. It affected the social and economic life of the people.

2. During the industrial revolution new tools and techniques were discovered, which could produce goods on a large scale. This gave rise to the factory system of production. This brought a change in the economy from feudal to capitalist system of production.

3. A new class of capitalist emerged, due to this revolution, society moved from handmade goods to machine made goods.

4. The closure of guild system, introduction of factory system, division of labour, and migration from rural to urban, class system, labour organisation, economic inequality and the democratic pattern were the outcomes of the industrial revolution.

Question 2.
Cultural studies
Answer:
1. According to Cultural Studies, culture is produced through everyday living – the food people eat, the fashion they adopt, the entertainment they prefer or the festivals they celebrate. Thus, Cultural Studies investigate the process of making culture.

2. It was first started in the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Culture Studies in UK.

3. It studies daily activity of human beings. It deals with the life of people, their style of living, way of dressing, eating habits, etc.

4. Cultural studies seeks to borrow methods and theories from various disciplines for the process of making cultural.

Question 3.
Film Studies
Answer:
1. This is a new disciplinary area that has emerged in the field of sociology. In the 20th Century, film studies were a new concept of academic discipline.

2. It studies the different aspect of films, focuses their attention on theoretical, historical and critical approaches of films and deals with exploring the narrative artistic, cultural, economical and political parts of cinema.

3. This study plays a very important role as far as class, race, ethnicity and gender of society is concerned.

4. It is introduced in different universities as a disciplinary subject in sociology.

Question 4.
Scope of Sociology
Answer:
The subject matter of Sociology is very wide and can be understood with a brief introduction to following new areas in Sociology.

1. Bio-Sociology: Researchers in this area use a variety of sociological methodologies to study the role of biology in human social life.
2. Sociology of Art: This field seeks to understand the social context of the production and consumption of art.
3. Sociology of Market Research: This is an applied field which connects marketing and sociological strategies to understand the market in a meaningful way and incorporates theoretical knowledge of Sociology in marketing
4. Diaspora Studies: It deals with the study of migration and its cultural, literary, social, demographic, anthropological, political, economic impact and international relations.

Question 5.
Importance of sociology
Answer:
1. Sociology studies society in a scientific manner: Sociology has made it possible to study society in a scientific manner. Scientific knowledge about a complex human society is needed in order to achieve progress in various fields.

2. Sociology is career-oriented : the application of sociology is increasing in the field of industry, social services, social work, law, competitive examinations, marketing, public relations, journalism, NGOs, labour welfare, social research, counselling, police department, tribal welfare, research and so on.

3. Sociology develops a scientific approach : It makes us more objective, rational, critical, prejudice-free, and positive in our thinking.

4. Solution to social problems : To solve the several social problems faced by society, balanced knowledge is needed. Such analysis can be made using a sociological outlook.

Question 6.
The French Revolution
Answer:
1. The long series of political revolutions started by the French Revolution in 1789 were the immediate factors in the emergence of Sociology.

2. Most writers during this period, disturbed by the disorder and chaos in society, came together to restore order to society. Their interest in ‘social order was one of the major concerns of ‘classical Sociology,’ especially Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim.

3. The French Revolution which occurred in 1789 marked a turning point in the history of human struggle for freedom and equality. It put an end to the age of feudalism and introduced a new order to society.

4. This revolution brought about far reaching changes not only in French society but all over Europe. Other countries like India were also influenced by ideas generated during the revolution.

Differentiate between.

Question 1.
French Revolution and Industrial Revolution.
Answer:

French Revolution	Industrial Revolution
(i) French revolution started in the 17th century in France.	(i) Industrial revolution started in the 18th century in England.
(ii) The French revolution changed political powers.	(ii) The Industrial revolution changed economic powers.
(iii) French revolution put an end to the age of feudalism.	(iii) Industrial revolution gave rise to the capitalist system.
(iv) French revolution introduced a new order to society.	(iv) The democratic pattern were the outcomes of the industrial revolution.

Explain the following concept with suitable examples.

Question 1.
Visual sociology
Answer:

1. Visual sociology is concerned with visual dimension of social life.
2. Visual sociology aims to normalize the use of visual imagery as a valid and relevant type of data for sociological research.
3. Valid scientific insight in society can be acquired by observing, its visual behavior of people and material products of culture.
   Example : A researcher takes help of newspaper, film, movie, photographs for their study or for the study of a particular society.

Question 2.
Cultural studies
Answer:

1. Cultural Studies finds its origin in the ‘Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in UK.
2. Cultural Studies offers us a set of ways for reading a wide variety of contemporary popular cultural phenomena.
3. According to Cultural Studies, culture is produced through everyday living – the food people eat, the fashion they adopt, the entertainment they prefer or the festivals they celebrate.
4. Thus, Cultural Studies investigate the process of making culture.
   Example : Contemporary Cultural Studies takes everyday life very seriously. It studies lifestyle, consumption and social relations in metropolitan cultures.

Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Question 5.

Answer:

Question 6.

Answer:

Question 7.

Answer:

Question 8.

Answer:

Question 9.

Answer:

State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
The aim of sociology is not related with the reality of society.
Answer:
This statement is False.

1. The main aim of sociology is to find out the facts behind the aspects which they have to study.
2. Sociology deals with both positive and negative elements of society, moral and immoral, organised and disorganised aspects of society.
3. That is why the aim of sociology is related with the reality of society.

Question 2.
Sociology studies only certain aspects of society.
Answer:
This statement is False.

1. Sociology does not limit itself to the study of some specific or particular aspect of society.
2. For e.g., Sociology studies all the institutions and their changes in today’s context. It also studies their effect on our individual life. Sociology studies society as a whole and not as a part. It studies all aspects of social life.
3. Sociology, a social science that studies human societies and their interactions. It does this by examining the dynamics of constituent parts of societies such as institutions, communities, populations, and gender etc.

Question 3.
The industrial revolution brought about great changes in the social and economic life of the people.
Answer:
This statement is True.

1. During the Industrial Revolution new tools and techniques were discovered, which could produce goods on a large-scale.
2. This gave rise to the factory system of production. Thus, a change in economy from feudal to capitalist system of production.
3. Large numbers of people migrated to urban areas in order to work in factories. Large industrial bureaucracies arose to provide services to industries and to the emerging capitalist economic system

Give your personal response.

Question 1.
The study of sociology is very useful in today’s society. Explain.
Answer:
We are living in the 21th Century which is greatly influenced by science and technology. Today the society is complex. In order to develop such community / society, systematic and scientific study of it is necessary. Sociologist made it possible to study society in a scientific way. Sociology gives information about social, religious, economical, racial diversities of society. It helps to develop scientific approach towards society as well as in choosing our career.

It provides scientific solutions to the problems in the society. The study of sociology helps the people in keeping themselves updated and attentive in different spheres of life. That is why, sociology is very useful in today’s context.

Answer the following in detail (About 150-200 words).

Question 1.
Explain in detail about the factors that influenced the emergence of sociology?
Answer:
Following factors play a very important role in the emergence of sociology and these factors influenced the field of sociology in different ways.
1. Commercial Revolution : It took place between 1450 and 1800 CE. It leads to expansion of banking services. Paper currency was introduced. It also resulted in the rise of the middle class.

2. Industrial Revolution: During the 18th century, in England, the Industrial Revolution took place. It affected the social and economic life of the people. During the industrial revolution new tools and techniques were discovered, which could produce goods on a large scale. This gave rise to the factory system of production. This brought a change in the economy from feudal to capitalist system of production. A new class of capitalist emerged, due to this revolution, society moved from handmade goods to machine made goods.

3. French Revolution : French Revolution was one of the best examples of struggle for freedom and equality. Through this revolution feudal system had been overthrown. The new system came into existence which was based on the principles of liberty, fraternity and equality. French revolution brought tremendous changes in the life of the people not only in France but all over Europe. Hence, French revolution led to changes in society.

4. Scientific Revolution : Europe produced a ‘Scientific Revolution’ in the Renaissance period. The impact of the scientific revolution greatly affected the material life as well as ideas about nature and society. The Enlightenment period saw the beginning of the scientific Revolution.

5. Urbanisation : It is a result of industrial revolution. Large number of people migrated from rural area to urban areas. This migration and expansion of cities resulted in endless problems such as overcrowding, pollution, traffic, lack of health care, growth of slums etc.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 11th OCM Important Questions Chapter 2 Trade Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Commerce OCM Important Questions Chapter 2 Trade

Select the correct option and rewrite the sentence

Question 1.
A retailer purchase goods from ……………….
(a) wholesaler
(b) producer
(c) customer
Answer:
(a) wholesaler

Question 2.
One price shop sells the goods at ………………. price.
(a) high
(b) low
(c) fixed
Answer:
(c) fixed

Question 3.
There is no salesman in the ………………. shop.
(a) Departmental
(b) Supermarket
(c) Chain stores
Answer:
(b) Supermarket

Question 4.
Maximum shopping convenience is available to the customers at ……………….. Stores.
(a) Departmental
(b) Chain
(c) One price
Answer:
(a) Departmental

Match the pairs

Question 1.

Group A	Group B
(a) Cheap Jacks	(1) Pre-import stage
(b) Export	(2) Trade within the country
(c) Shipment Advice	(3) Permanent stalls
(d) Street traders	(4) Particular line of goods
(e) Speciality shops	(5) Changing place of business
	(6) Selling goods to other countries
	(7) Situated near residential areas
	(8) Moving from market to market
	(9) Selling on busy Streets
	(10) Import stage

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Cheap Jacks	(5) Changing place of business
(b) Export	(6) Selling goods to other countries
(c) Shipment Advice	(1) Pre-import stage
(d) Street traders	(8) Moving from market to market
(e) Speciality shops	(4) Particular line of goods

Question 2.

Group A	Group B
(a) Speciality Shop	(1) Goods of higher prices
(b) Departmental Store	(2) One line of particular product
(c) Market Trader	(3) Most common shop
(d) General Shop	(4) Fixed Prices
(e) One price shop	(5) Business in market days
	(6) Not fixed price
	(7) Carry goods on head
	(8) Carry goods on cart
	(9) Fluctuating price
	(10) Goods of lower price

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Speciality Shop	(2) One line of particular product
(b) Departmental Store	(1) Goods of higher prices
(c) Market Trader	(5) Business in market days
(d) General Shop	(3) Most common shop
(e) One price shop	(4) Fixed Prices

Question 3.

Group A	Group B
(a) Wholesaler	(1) Purchases goods from wholesaler
(b) Retailer	(2) Link between manufacture and retailer
(c) No salesmen	(3) Purchase goods from agents
(d) Speciality shops	(4) Trade in same country
(e) Internal Trade	(5) Specialised goods
	(6) Super market shop
	(7) Departmental Stores
	(8) General Goods
	(9) Trade with different countries
	(10) General Stores

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Wholesaler	(2) Link between manufacture and retailer
(b) Retailer	(1) Purchases goods from wholesaler
(c) No salesmen	(6) Super market shop
(d) Speciality shops	(5) Specialised goods
(e) Internal Trade	(4) Trade in same country

Give one word/phrase/term

Question 1.
A store where different shops are located under one roof.
Answer:
Departmental stores

Question 2.
The ultimate persons who is in need of goods.
Answer:
Consumers

Question 3.
The last link in the chain of distribution.
Answer:
Retailer

Question 4.
A trader who purchases goods from wholesalers.
Answer:
Retailer

Question 5.
A trade activity conducted between two or more countries.
Answer:
Import/Exports

Question 6.
The agent who has to make payment to customs authorities.
Answer:
Clearing and Forwarding agent

Question 7.
The shop where only specialized goods are sold.
Answer:
Speciality shops

Question 8.
A seller who links the manufacturers and retailers.
Answer:
Wholesaler

Question 9.
A store where day to day required goods are sold.
Answer:
General stores

Question 10.
A trader dealing in large quantity and in particular line of goods.
Answer:
Wholesaler

Question 11.
A trader who operates in a central market.
Answer:
Wholesaler

Question 12.
A person who buys in bulk and sells in small quantities.
Answer:
A wholesaler

Question 13.
The trader who stabilizes the prices.
Answer:
A wholesaler

Question 14.
The first link in the system of distribution.
Answer:
A wholesaler

Question 15.
A trader who sells goods in small quantities.
Answer:
A retailer

Question 16.
Retailers who carry goods on head or back.
Answer:
Peddlers

Question 17.
Retailers who carries goods on pack animal or hand cart or wheeled cart.
Answer:
Hawkers

Question 18.
A retailer who hire place of business on temporary basis.
Answer:
Cheap Jacks

Question 19.
Retailer who sells goods preferably in residential areas at fixed place.
Answer:
General Stores

Question 20.
A person who moves from place to place to sell goods.
Answer:
Mobile Retailers

Question 21.
A retail shop which operates through branches.
Answer:
Chain Shop

Question 22.
A shop where there are no salesman.
Answer:
Super Market

Question 23.
A store where many speciality shops are located under one roof.
Answer:
Departmental store

Question 24.
A shop where all the goods are available at same fixed prices.
Answer:
One price shop.

State True or False

Question 1.
Retailer is the first link in the chain of distribution.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Chain stores requires very less financial investment.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
A wholesaler purchases small quantities of goods.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
A wholesalers is a connecting link between retailer and consumer.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Retailers operate in wholesale markets.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Departmental stores provide credit.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
The wholesaler can be eliminated.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
Wholesalers turnover is less.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
A retailer sells goods in bulk quantities.
Answer:
False

Question 10.
Peddlers carry their goods on hand carts.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
The market trader sells goods only on particular days.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
A retailer attends to customers personally.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
A retailer is indifferent to customers needs.
Answer:
False

Question 14.
The cheap jack does not have a permanent place.
Answer:
True

Question 15.
Street stall holders are permanent established shop keepers.
Answer:
False

Question 16.
Departmental stores approach customers.
Answer:
False

Question 17.
Chain stores deal in variety of goods.
Answer:
False

Question 18.
Supermarkets are known as Cash and Carry stores.
Answer:
True

Question 19.
One price shops sell low priced articles.
Answer:
False

Question 20.
Self-service is the features of super market.
Answer:
True

Question 21.
Departmental stores prefer central location.
Answer:
True

Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Super Market Shop
Big Bazaar, D-mart, Bata Stores, Reliance Fresh.
Answer:
Bata Stores

Question 2.
Chain Stores:
Bata Stores, Raymond Stores, Vijay Sales, Reliance Fresh.
Answer:
Reliance Fresh

Question 3.
Features of One Price Shop
Uniform Price, Credit Sales, Low Price, Less Capital.
Answer:
Credit Sales,

Question 4.
Shipment stage
Shipment Advice, Processing Document, Examination of Goods, Leading of Goods.
Answer:
Shipment Advice

Question 5.
Import stage
Receipt of Document, Bill of Entry, Delivery Order, Exporter Payment.
Answer:
Exporter Payment

Question 6.
Peddlers
Household Articles, Vegetable, Fish, Soap
Answer:
Household Articles

Question 7.
Fixed Shop Retailers
Supermarket Stores, Authorized Dealer, Speciality Shop, Cheap Jacks.
Answer:
Cheap Jacks.

Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
First link in the chain of distribution is ……………….
Answer:
Wholesaler

Question 2.
The retailer provides information of the market to the wholesaler and ……………..
Answer:
consumer

Question 3.
Market traders and street traders are …………………. retailers.
Answer:
Itinerant

Question 4.
Wholesaler links and ……………….
Answer:
producer and consumer

Question 5.
Wholesaler operates in ……………….. market.
Answer:
central

Question 6.
Wholesaler helps to ………………. prices.
Answer:
stabilise

Question 7.
Internal trade can be divided into ………………… and Retail trade.
Answer:
Wholesale trade

Question 8.
Retail trade is restricted to ………………… area.
Answer:
local

Question 9.
The person who conducts the retail trade is known as ………………..
Answer:
retailer

Question 10.
The hawkers carry the goods in …………………
Answer:
wheel carts

Question 11.
Speciality shop deals in ……………….. goods.
Answer:
particular line of goods

Question 12.
Chain shop sells goods at ………………… prices.
Answer:
fixed

Question 13.
Street stall holder is a type of ………………….
Answer:
Type of Small Scale Retailer

Question 14.
Mobile retailers have no …………………. shop.
Answer:
fixed

Question 15.
The peddlers carry the goods on their ………………. or ……………….
Answer:
back or head

Question 16.
Peddlers are ………………….. retailers.
Answer:
mobile

Question 17.
One price shops sells goods at ………………. price.
Answer:
one

Question 18.
Supermarket resemble ……………….
Answer:
Departmental stores.

Select the correct option

Question 1.
Hawkers are (mobile / immobile) retailers.
Answer:
mobile

Question 2.
Retailer sell (small / large) quantity of goods.
Answer:
small

Question 3.
Price in one price shops are (fixed / different).
Answer:
fixed

Question 4.
Wholesaler purchase goods on (small / large) scale.
Answer:
large

Question 5.
Retailer is (first / last ) link in the chain of distribution.
Answer:
last

Question 6.
Departmental store requires (large / small) capital.
Answer:
large

Question 7.
Chain store operate (inside /outside) the city.
Answer:
inside

Question 8.
Trade between two states or cities is called (internal / external) trade.
Answer:
internal

Question 9.
The person engaged in wholesale trade is known as (retailer / wholesaler)
Answer:
Wholesaler

Question 10.
A wholesaler maintains price (instability / stability)
Answer:
stability

Question 11.
(Manufacturers / Retailers) get direct information from wholesalers.
Answer:
Manufacturers

Question 12.
Retailers are normally situated (residential / non-residential) areas.
Answer:
residential

Question 13.
Supermarket Stores is a (small scale / large scale) fixed retailer.
Answer:
large scale

Question 14.
Peddlers carry goods in (baskets / hand cart)
Answer:
baskets

Question 15.
Market Traders are also called as (weekly / monthly) market.
Answer:
weekly

Question 16.
Chain stores are owned by (multiple / single) organization.
Answer:
single

Question 17.
Sale of goods and services to foreign country is called (export / internal trade)
Answer:
export.

Answer in one sentence

Question 1.
What do you mean by trade?
Answer:
Buying and selling of goods or services with an object to earn profit is called a trade.

Question 2.
Who creates link between producers and consumers?
Answer:
Trade creates link between producers and consumers.

Question 3.
Name the channel of distribution in trade?
Answer:
Channel of distribution in trade consists of Producer to Wholesaler, Wholesaler to Retailer and Retailer to Consumer.
Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer

Question 4.
What is wholesale trade?
Answer:
Buying of goods from manufacturer or producer in large quantities is called as wholesale trade.

Question 5.
Name the marketing functions of wholesaler.
Answer:
The marketing functions of wholesaler includes assembling, warehousing, transporting, grading, packing, advertising and financing.

Question 6.
Define Retail Trade.
Answer:
According to William Stanton – “Retail trade includes all activities directly related to the sale of goods and services to the ultimate consumer for personal and non-business use”.

Question 7.
Who is retailer?
Answer:
A person engaged in retail trade is called as retailer.

Question 8.
Name the oldest type of retailers.
Answer:
The oldest type of retailers are – Hawkers and Peddlers.

Question 9.
Who are street traders?
Answer:
Retailers doing business as footpaths of busy streets of cities and towns are called as Street traders.

Question 10.
Who are itinerant retailers?
Answer:
Itinerant retailers are those retailers who do not have a fixed place or fixed shop for their business.

Question 11.
Who are fixed shop retailers?
Answer:
Retailers who do not move from one place to another for selling their goods are called fixed shop retailers.

Question 12.
Give examples of super market shop.
Answer:
Examples of super market shops are – Big Bazaar, D-mart, Reliance fresh, etc.

Question 13.
What is international trade?
Answer:
Trading activities conducted between two or more countries is called as international trade.

Question 14.
Name the stages involved in export trade.
Answer:
The stages involved in export trade are Preliminary Stage, Pre-shipment Stage, Shipment Stage and Post Shipment Stage.

Question 15.
What is letter of credit?
Answer:
Letter of credit is a letter given by importers bank showing the credit worthiness of the importer.

Question 16.
Who is C & F agent?
Answer:
C & F agent is a custom house agent who is responsible for forwarding of goods in export procedure.

Question 17.
What is entrepot trade?
Answer:
Entrepot trade is referred to as a seaport or warehouse where goods are imported for storage or process before re-export.

Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences

Question 1.
Fixed shop retailers do not have fixed place of business.
Answer:
Itinerant shop retailers do not have fixed place of business.

Question 2.
Itinerant retailers give credit facility to customer.
Answer:
Itinerant retailers do not give credit facility to customer.

Question 3.
General Store spend more an advertisement.
Answer:
Speciality shop spend more an advertisement.

Question 4.
Cost of operating is very high in Chain store.
Answer:
Cost of operating is very high in Departmental store.

Question 5.
A person who does wholesale business is called retailer.
Answer:
A person who does retail business is called retailer. .

Question 6.
Internal trade is affected bv tariff rates of various countries.
Answer:
Foreign trade is affected by tariff rates of various countries.

Question 7.
Retailer is first link in chain of distribution.
Answer:
Retailer is last link in chain of distribution.

Question 8.
Shopper Shop is an example of small scale fixed retailers.
Answer:
Medical Store is an example of small scale fixed retailers.

Question 9.
Market Traders have their independent shops having temporary setup.
Answer:
Cheap Jacks have their independent shops having temporary setup.

Question 10.
Cheap jacks sells fruits, tovs. daily utensil, etc.
Answer:
Cheap jacks sells cutlery, crockery, socks, etc.

Question 11.
General Stores sells second hand and used goods.
Answer:
Second hand goods shops sells second hand and used goods.

Question 12.
Speciality shops have authorised dealership of particular manufacturer’s goods.
Answer:
Authorised dealers have authorised dealership of particular manufacturer’s goods.

Question 13.
Cheap Jacks accepts credit cards payment.
Answer:
Departmental Stores accepts credit cards payment.

Question 14.
Modern shopping mall is an African term.
Answer:
Modern shopping mall is an American term.

Question 15.
Export trade refers to purchase of goods and services to foreign country.
Answer:
Export trade refers to sale of goods and services to foreign country.

Arrange in proper order

Question 1.
Import License, Registration, Follow up, Bill of Entry.
Answer:
Registration, Import License, Bill of Entry, Follow up.

Question 2.
Purchase, Selling, Transport, Storage.
Answer:
Purchase, Transport, Storage, Selling.

Question 3.
Presentation of Documents, Follow-up, Shipment Advice, Realization of Export Incentive.
Answer:
Shipment Advice, Presentation of Documents, Realization of Export Incentive, Follow-up.

Question 4.
Preshipment Finance, Receipt of Order, GST formalities, ECGC Cover.
Answer:
Receipt of order, Preshipment finance, ECGC Cover, GST formalities.

Question 5.
Order Placement, Shipment Advice, Quota Certificate, Letter of Credit.
Answer:
Quota Certificate, Order Placement, Letter of credit, Shipment Advice.

Explain the following terms /concepts.

Question 1.
Online Retail Trade.
Answer:

1. It is a modern form of trade which is done through internet.
2. It is becoming move popular in Indian market.
3. It saves time and cost of management.
4. E.g. Flipkart, Amazon, Shop clues, Myntra, etc.

Question 2.
Hawkers.
Answer:

1. It is oldest types of retailers.
2. They move from place to place, carrying goods in hand cart.
3. It requires limited capital.
4. They deal in seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc.

Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. A bazar where in old books are sold is organized every Saturday on the streets of Fort, Mumbai.

Question 1.
Name this form of retailing.
Answer:
Market Traders, a form of Itinerant retailer.

Question 2.
What is market traders also called as?
Answer:
It is also called as “weekly market”.

Question 3.
Give an example of such market.
Answer:
Jumma Bazaar in Mumbai, is an e.g. of such markets.

2. Tata have opened CROMA store in different locations. These stores sell consumers electronic items.

Question 1.
Name these type of retail trade?
Answer:
Speciality shops

Question 2.
Which type of retailer are they?
Answer:
Small Scale Fixed retailer.

3. Mr. Ashutosh wants to do multiple shoppings – like groceries, stationery, clothes, etc. He visited Big Bazarsituated near his home and his requirement were fulfilled.

Question 1.
What kind of retail store in Big-bazaar.
Answer:
Big Bazaar is a kind of super market.

Question 2.
What is a feature of super market?
Answer:
It is a large retail organisation selling wide variety of food, groceries and many other consumer goods.

Question 3.
Give an e.g. of other such stores.
Answer:
Other such stores found are D-mart, Reliance fresh, etc.

Distinguish between the following

Question 1.
Departmental Store and Super Market Store.
Answer:

	Departmental Store	Super Market Store
(1) Meaning	It is a large scale retail shop having different departments and sections for different types of goods.	It is a large scale retail organisation which sells a wide variety of goods to the customers on basis of self service.
(2) Capital	Requires large scale of capital	Requires less capital than departmental store.
(3) Articles sold	Customers belonging to high and middle income class.	Customers are belonging to all types of classes.
(4) Utility	Prices of goods are generally higher than market price.	Prices of goods are generally lower than market price.
(5) Salesman	Goods are sold by Salesman.	There is no salesman for sale.

Answer in brief.

Question 1.
Explain the post import stage of import.
Answer:
Various duties have to paid in order to take the goods out of port are:

1. Port Trust Dues : The clearing and forwarding agent has to make the payment of port trust dues.
2. Customer Duty : Also paid by the clearing and forwarding agent to the custom authorities.
3. Insurance Premium : Under the FOB (Free of Board) impact, the importer has to make the payment of Insurance Premium.
4. Payment of Freight : The shipping contract will lay down the amount of freight to be paid and it has to be paid by the importer for getting clearance of goods.
5. Exporters Payment : The exporter draws a Bill of Exchange on the importer according to the terms and conditions of the contract.
6. Follow Up : It is the duty of the importer to take a follow up of the goods. If there are any discrepancies in the order or goods it has to be intimated to the exporter. Thus, the procedure of importing goods comes to an end.

Question 2.
Explain the pre-shipment stage of export procedure.
Answer:

1. Receipt of Order : When the exporter receives an order he has to check the details of the order. He also check the restriction of import in the importer’s country.
2. Letter of Credit : The exporter has to obtain a letter of credit from the importer, which is used to clear the foreign exchanges and other restrictions.
3. Pre-shipment Finance : The exporter has to meet his working capital needs and for that he has to obtain the pre-shipment finance from his bankers.
4. Production of goods : If the exporter is a manufacturer, then he has to produce the goods according to the order placed by the importer, otherwise he has get the necessary goods arranged from his suppliers.

Justify the following statements

Question 1.
The wholesaler cannot be eliminated.
Answer:

1. Wholesaler act as a link between the manufacturer and the retailer.
2. The wholesaler performs different functions in the process of distribution of goods and services.
3. They enable the producer to reach consumers spread over the nation.
4. Thus, wholesaler cannot be eliminated.

Question 2.
Wholesaler is not the last link in the channel of distribution.
Answer:

1. Wholesaler buys goods from the manufacturer in large scale and sells the goods to the retailers as per their requirement.
2. Retailer is the last link in the chain of distribution.
3. Wholesaler acts as an middlemen.
4. The wholesaler acts as a link between the manufacturer and the retailer.
5. Thus, wholesaler is not the last link in the chain of distribution.

Question 3.
There is need of retailer in case of perishable goods.
Answer:

1. In case of perishable goods retailer act as a. very important factor.
2. Because the life of perishable goods is very less there is no possibility of moving goods from producer to wholesaler and then to retailer.
3. Retailers directly sells the perishable goods to customers.
4. Thus, there is need of retailer in case of perishable goods.

Question 4.
The cheap jack does not have a permanent place.
Answer:

1. Cheap Jacks are mobile retailers.
2. They hire temporary places for business in residential areas.
3. If they do not get good response they move to other places.
4. Thus, the cheap jack does not have a permanent place.

Question 5.
Retail prices are higher than wholesale prices.
Answer:

1. Retail price are always higher than wholesale price.
2. Retailer purchases goods from wholesaler then he adds his profit and finally he sells it to-the customers.
3. Thus, retail price is higher than wholesale price.

Question 6.
Cheap Jacks are not reliable and dependable.
Answer:

1. Cheap Jacks are mobile retailers.
2. They do not have fixed place of business. They hire temporary place of business in residential area for short period.
3. They go on changing their place of business.
4. Thus, they are not reliable and dependable.

Question 7.
There is limited choice to customers in a chain shop.
Answer:

1. Chain stores have limited range of goods.
2. Each branch of chain stores deal in same commodity or in the same line of products.
3. Thus, there is limited choice to customers.

Question 8.
Departmental stores is a collection of speciality shops under one roof.
Answer:

1. Departmental stores is a large scale organization situated in central place and divided into several departments.
2. Each department deals in on or two lines of goods.
3. Thus, there is a collection of speciality shops under one roof.

Question 9.
Purchases in chain shops are centralized.
Answer:

1. In chain shops the head office buys the product on a large scale and then distributes them to the branches.
2. The branches sells the goods by following a common sales policy.
3. There is centralised buying and decentralised selling.
4. Thus, purchases in chain shops are centralized.

Question 10.
Super markets sell all types of goods.
Answer:

1. Super market sells wide variety of goods.
2. The types of articles generally sold by supermarkets are goods of everyday necessities like fruits, stationery, cutlery, etc.
3. At times goods which are not available with small retailers are available in super market.
4. Thus, super markets sell all types of goods.

Question 11.
Self-service is the features of super market.
Answer:

1. Supermarket is a large scale retail organization specialising in necessaries and convenience goods.
2. There is no salesman or sales assistants.
3. The customers themselves are guides to their shopping efforts. Therefore, supermarkets are called “self service stores”.
4. Thus, self-service is the features of super market.

Question 12.
Super market shops do not offers home delivery facilities to customers.
Answer:

1. Supermarket does not give home delivery facility.
2. In supermarket there are no salesman or assistants also.
3. Consumers themselves assembles the goods on a wheeled trolley and at the gate customer is billed and charged for the goods. They carry goods themselves.
4. Thus, super market shops do not offers home delivery facilities to customers.

Question 13.
Retailer in a link between manufacturer and wholesaler.
Answer:

1. Retailer is a link between wholesaler and customer.
2. Retailer is the last link in the chain of distribution.
3. They come in direct contact with customers. They also purchase goods from wholesaler and comes in direct contact with him.
4. Thus, retailer in a link between manufacturer and wholesaler.

Attempt the following.

Question 1.
Explain any four services of wholesalers to retailers.
Answer:

1. Financial Support : Wholesaler provides credit facility, discount facility and financial assistance to their retailers.
2. Market Information : Wholesaler provides market information to retailers as he has link with various manufacturers. This information is very useful to retailers for purchase of goods.
3. Risk Bearing : Retailer holds limited stock of goods and avoids the risk of spoilage of goods. Retailer get protected from increase or decrease of prices of goods and fluctuation of demand.
4. Stock of Goods : Wholesaler stores the stock of goods for retailers, then retailer supply these goods to customers as per their demands.
5. Warehousing and Transport : Wholesaler provides the facility of storing of goods as well as transport facility to retailers. They also do home delivery of goods to retailers.
6. Regular Supply : Wholesaler assures regular supply of goods to the retailers. Risk of shortage of goods and price fluctuation is reduced.
7. Sales Promotion : Wholesaler provides promotional facility to the retailer. He advertises on behalf of retailers and this helps the retailers to increase the sales.

Question 2.
Explain any four services of retailers to wholesalers.
Answer:

1. Create demand : Retailers attracts consumers attention towards new products and arrivals in the market through personal salesmanship.
2. Helps to Distribute : Retailer helps distributing perishable goods which are having short life. He also performs assembling, grading and packing function.
3. Marketing : Retailers sometimes carry marketing function for the wholesalers i.e. handling transportation, solving shortage problems, advertise goods, etc.
4. Financing : Wholesaler collects order from customers and take advances from them. Then places order to manufacturer. Retailer collects sales proceeds from customers and passes it to the wholesaler and finally it reaches the manufacturer.
5. Attracts Consumers : Retailer makes an advertising of goods by displaying in the showroom and thus promote sales. This activity directly helps the wholesaler to sell the product.

Question 3.
Explain Pre-import stage of import procedure.
Answer:
(i) Import License / Quota Certificate : The Export Import (EXIM) Policy of our country indicates which goods need license for import and which can be imported freely. For goods that require a license, the importer should get a quota certificate and acquire the license. At the time of importing goods, the IEC number is to be mentioned.

(ii) Foreign Exchange Clearance : The exporter has to be paid in foreign exchange by the importer as he resides in a foreign country. For this the Indian currency has to be exchanged for foreign currency. This is done by Exchange Control Department of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The importer has to get the foreign exchange sanctioned. For this he applies in a prescribed form to a bank authorised by RBI. After scrutiny of the documents, the necessary foreign exchange is sanctioned.

(iii) Placing an Order : Once the foreign exchange clearance is obtained from RBI the importer places an import order with the exporter for supply of goods. This order contains information on all aspects relating to the goods to be imported. These include quality, quantity, size, grade, price, packing and shipping, ports of shipment, insurance, delivery schedule and modes of payment. This order is called as indent.

Question 4.
Explain the shipment stage of export procedure.
Answer:
(i) Processing of Document: The exporter prepares the shipping bill and gets all the documents processed at the customs house as required for the export of good.

(ii) Examination of Goods : The clearing and forwarding agents obtain a document called ‘carting order’ from the Port Trust Authorities, which allows the exporter to take the goods inside the dock area.

(iii) Loading of Goods : On examination of the goods, the ‘Customs Examiner’ issues order called ‘Let Export’ order. This is given to the clearing and forwarding agent by the ‘Customers Preventative Officer’ (CPO). The goods are then loaded on the ship and the captain of the ship issue a receipt called the ‘Mates Receipt’. Then the C & F agent obtain the Bill of Lading.

Question 5.
What are the features of retailers?
Answer:
Features of Retailers:

1. He acts as a link between the wholesaler and consumers.
2. He generally operates in the local markets.
3. He deals in large variety of goods.
4. He sells the goods in smaller quantity as per the need of consumer.
5. He requires less investment as he deals in smaller quantities.
6. He bear less risk and earns low amount of profit as compared to wholesaler.
7. He provides various important services to wholesaler as well as consumers.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 11th OCM Important Questions Chapter 1 Introduction of Commerce and Business Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Commerce OCM Important Questions Chapter 1 Introduction of Commerce and Business

Select the correct option and rewrite the sentence

Question 1.
The difficulty of finance is solved by ……………….
(a) advertising
(b) transport
(c) banks
Answer:
(c) banks

Question 2.
A retailer does not come into direct contact with a …………….
(a) manufacturer
(b) consumer
(c) wholesaler
Answer:
(a) manufacturer

Question 3.
Returns in employment is called …………….
(a) fees
(b) salary
(c) profit
Answer:
(b) salary

Question 4.
Fishing is …………… type of primary industry.
(a) agricultural
(b) extractive
(c) genetic
Answer:
(b) extractive

Question 5.
Mercantile agents are the middlemen who help …………….
(a) trade
(b) industry
(c) employees
Answer:
(a) trade

Question 6.
Business includes …………. and ……………
(a) production
(b) distribution
(c) consumption
Answer:
(a) production

Question 7.
…………….. means buying and selling within the countrv.
(a) Home Trade
(b) Foreign Trade
Answer:
(a) Home Trade

Question 8.
Publicitv creates …………….
(a) value
(b) utility
(c) demand
Answer:
(c) demand

Question 9.
The problem of risk is overcome by ……………
(a)transport
(b) warehousing
(c) insurance
Answer:
(c) insurance

Question 10.
A courier agent is a ………………
(a) professional
(b) businessman
(c) employee
Answer:
(c) employee

Question 11.
The activity that removes difficulty of risk is ………………
(a) insurance
(b) transport
(c) advertising
Answer:
(a) insurance

Question 12.
Building of dams is an activity done under ……………… industry.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
Answer:
(b) secondary

Question 13.
Re-export is similar to …………….
(a) import
(b) export
(c) entrepot
Answer:
(c) entrepot

Question 14.
When goods and services are purchased from another country it is called as ………………. trade.
(a) export
(b) import
(c) entrepot
Answer:
(b) import

Match the pairs

Question 1.

Group A	Group B
(a) Non-economic activity	(1) Salary
(b) Business	(2) Gardening
(c) Insurance	(3) Carrying goods
(d) Retail Trade	(4) Export
(e) Secondary Industry	(5) Trade on small scale
	(6) Poultry
	(7) Profit
	(8) Textile industry
	(9) Risk coverage
	(10) Trade on large scale

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Non-economic activity	(2) Gardening
(b) Business	(7) Profit
(c) Insurance	(9) Risk coverage
(d) Retail Trade	(5) Trade on small scale
(e) Secondary Industry	(8) Textile industry

Question 2.

Group A	Group B
(a) Industry	(1) Home trade
(b) Warehousing	(2) Remove difficulties of trade
(c) Import Trade	(3) Link between producer and retailer
(d) Wholesaler	(4) Supply
(e) Auxiliaries to Trade	(5) Creates time utility
	(6) Demand
	(7) Creates place utility
	(8) External trade

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Industry	(4) Supply
(b) Warehousing	(5) Creates time utility
(c) Import Trade	(8) External trade
(d) Wholesaler	(3) Link between producer and retailer
(e) Auxiliaries to Trade	(2) Remove difficulties of trade

Question 3.

Group A	Group B
(a) Banking	(1) Home Trade
(b) Trade	(2) Problem of distance
(c) Industry	(3) Difficulty of place
(d) Insurance	(4) Risks in business
(e) Transport	(5) Production of goods
	(6) Buying and Selling of goods
	(7) Finance
	(8) Marketing
	(9) Export trade
	(10) Import trade

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Banking	(7) Finance
(b) Trade	(6) Buying and Selling of goods
(c) Industry	(5) Production of goods
(d) Insurance	(4) Risks in business
(e) Transport	(3) Difficulty of place

Question 4.

Group A	Group B
(a) Morning Walk	(1) Social objective
(b) Genetic Industry	(2) Foreign Trade
(c) Import Trade	(3) Warehousing
(d) Employment Generation	(4) Horticulture
(e) Business Risk	(5) Non-economic activity
	(6) Economic objective
	(7) Internal trade
	(8) Mining
	(9) Insurance
	(10) Banking

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(a) Morning Walk	(5) Non-economic activity
(b) Genetic Industry	(4) Horticulture
(c) Import Trade	(2) Foreign Trade
(d) Employment Generation	(1) Social objective
(e) Business Risk	(9) Insurance

Give one word, phrase or term

Question 1.
An activity that creates form utility
Answer:
Industry

Question 2.
The industry that depends upon primary industry for production.
Answer:
Secondary industry

Question 3.
Part of business that is concerned with the distribution of goods.
Answer:
Commerce

Question 4.
Specialised intermediaries in trade who bring together the buyers and sellers.
Answer:
Mercantile Agents

Question 5.
Monetary returns of a professional.
Answer:
Fees

Question 6.
The industry that depends upon nature.
Answer:
Primary Industry

Question 7.
Trade in which goods are sold to other country.
Answer:
Export

Question 8.
An aid to trade which solves the problem of finance.
Answer:
Banking

Question 9.
An activity which is performed for money consideration.
Answer:
Business

Question 10.
Name the industry which is concerned with reproduction of plants and animals.
Answer:
Genetic

Question 11.
Agencies which help in the smooth conduct of business.
Answer:
Auxiliaries to Trade

Question 12.
Trade transactions between two countries.
Answer:
Foreign Trade

Question 13.
An activity motivated by profit.
Answer:
Business

Question 14.
The type of trade in which goods are sold in large quantities.
Answer:
Wholesale trade

Question 15.
Trade within the country.
Answer:
Internal trade

Question 16.
An occupation in which services are rendered for money.
Answer:
Profession

Question 17.
Human activities conducted for earning money.
Answer:
Business

Question 18.
A type of trade that sells the goods directly to ultimate consumers.
Answer:
Retail Trade

Question 19.
Trade that takes place between the traders of two different countries.
Answer:
External trade

Question 20.
An aspect of business which is concerned with the production of goods.
Answer:
Industry.

State True or False

Question 1.
Advertising is not useful for trade.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Entrepot trade is a combination of home trade and foreign trade.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Playing game is a non-economic activity.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Wholesale trade is a trade done on small scale.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Business is done with social objectives also.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Human wants are limited.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Business includes industry and commerce.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Commerce is concerned with production of goods.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
Industry is concerned with the supply side of goods.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
Transport creates time utility.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
Business and Commerce have same meaning.
Answer:
False

Question 12.
Industry represents demand side while commerce represents supply side.
Answer:
False

Question 13.
Intermediaries are unavoidable in modern distribution system.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
The scope of commerce is wider than business.
Answer:
False

Question 15.
Industrial developments creates employment opportunities.
Answer:
True

Question 16.
The aim of business is to make profit only.
Answer:
False

Question 17.
The object of business is to earn profit.
Answer:
True

Question 18.
Trade means buying and selling of goods.
Answer:
True

Question 19.
The scope of commerce is limited.
Answer:
False

Question 20.
Profession and Business is one and the same thing.
Answer:
False

Question 21.
Warehousing creates time utility only.
Answer:
False

Question 22.
Transport has place utility.
Answer:
True

Question 23.
Coal mining is a manufacturing industry.
Answer:
False

Question 24.
Commerce is a branch of business.
Answer:
True

Question 25.
Business is a branch of economics.
Answer:
True

Question 26.
Commerce depends more on men than machinery.
Answer:
True

Question 27.
Wholesaler is in direct contact with ultimate consumers.
Answer:
False

Question 28.
Commerce is a wider term than business.
Answer:
False

Question 29.
Risk is inevitable in business activities.
Answer:
True

Question 30.
Tertiary industry depends upon primary and secondary industry.
Answer:
True

Question 31.
Internal traders handle import and export.
Answer:
False

Question 32.
Business can be expanded with the help of mercantile agent.
Answer:
True

Question 33.
Industrial activities take place after commerce finishes its role.
Answer:
False

Question 34.
Changing fashions is one of the important cause of business risk.
Answer:
True

Question 35.
Available resources should be used to its maximum.
Answer:
True

Find the odd one

Question 1.
Mining, Fishery, Plant nursery, Sugar factory.
Answer:
Sugar factory

Question 2.
Buying, Selling, Reselling, Professional services.
Answer:
Professional services

Question 3.
Wholesaler, Doctor, Retailer, Mercantile agent.
Answer:
Doctor

Question 4.
Business, Profession, Trekking, Employment.
Answer:
Trekking

Question 5.
T.V, Print, Radio, Postal services.
Answer:
Postal services

Question 6.
Cell phones, Rail, Water, Air.
Answer:
Cell phones

Complete the sentences

Question 1.
………………… auxiliary takes care of risks in business.
Answer:
Insurance

Question 2.
Fixed income is received in ………………..
Answer:
employment

Question 3.
Specific education and registration is required for a ………………..
Answer:
professional

Question 4.
Commerce = ……………… + auxiliaries to trade.
Answer:
trade

Question 5.
Economic activities are divided into business, ……………….. and employment.
Answer:
profession.

Select the correct option

Question 1.
(Profit motive, Monetary Exchange, Non-economic activity, Barter Exchange, Economic activity)

Group A	Group B
(i) Cooking by mother	—————
(ii) Worker working in a factory	—————
(iii) ————-	Spine of business
(iv) ————-	Buying note book for cash
(v) Wheat exchanged for rice	—————

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(i) Cooking by mother	Non-economic activity
(ii) Worker working in a factory	Economic activity
(iii) Profit motive	Spine of business
(iv) Buying note book for cash	Monetary exchange
(v) Barter exchange	Wheat exchanged for rice.

Question 2.
(Consumer goods, Capital goods, Profession, Social objective, Employment.)

Group A	Group B
(i) ————–	Tea, Milk, Pencil, etc.
(ii) Doctor, Lawyer, CA.	—————-
(iii) ————-	Employer – employer relationship
(iv) Machinery, Plant, Furniture	—————–
(v) Avoid unfair trade practices	————

Answer:

Group A	Group B
(i) Tea, Milk, Pencil, etc	Tea, Milk, Pencil, etc.
(ii) Doctor, Lawyer, CA.	Profession
(iii) Employment	Employer – employer relationship
(iv) Machinery, Plant, Furniture	Capital goods
(v) Avoid unfair trade practices	Social objectives.

Answer in one sentence

Question 1.
What is the reward for business?
Answer:
Reward for business is profit.

Question 2.
What is the reward for employment?
Answer:
Reward for employment is salary or wages.

Question 3.
What is home trade?
Answer:
When buying and selling of goods and services take place with the geographical boundaries of a country, it is called as home trade or internal trade.

Question 4.
What is foreign trade?
Answer:
When buying and selling of goods and services takes place between different countries, it is called as foreign trade.

Question 5.
What is profession?
Answer:
Profession is that part of an economic activity under which a person uses his knowledge and special skill to give service by charging certain fees.

Question 6.
What is the reward for profession?
Answer:
The reward for profession is called fees.

Question 7.
Who acts as an intermediate in trade ?
Answer:
Mercantile agent acts as an intermediate in trade.

Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences

Question 1.
Warehousing creates place utility.
Answer:
Warehousing creates time utility.

Question 2.
Auxiliaries to trade means buying and selling of goods.
Answer:
Trade means buying and selling of goods.

Question 3.
Advertising acts as the intermediaries in trade.
Answer:
Mercantile agent acts as the intermediaries in trade.

Question 4.
Retail trade is a trade conducted on large scale.
Answer:
Wholesale trade is a trade conducted on large scale.

Question 5.
Secondary industry depends upon tertiary industry for production.
Answer:
Secondary industry depends upon primary industry for production.

Question 6.
Transport covers the risks in the business.
Answer:
Insurance covers the risks in the business.

Question 7.
Formal education is required for a businessman.
Answer:
Formal education is required for a professional.

Question 8.
Tertiary industry is a manufacturing industry.
Answer:
Tertiary industry is a service industry.

Explain the following terms/concepts

Question 1.
Industry.
Answer:

1. Industry relates to economic activities which are associated with the conversion of resources into goods. E.g. Processing of goods, mining, breeding and rearing of animals.
2. Industry creates form utility.

Question 2.
Genetic Industry.
Answer:
Industry engaged in reproduction and multiplication of plants and animals is called as genetic industry. E.g. Mangoes provided by primary industry are used for making mango pulp.

Question 3.
Construction industry.
Answer:
Industry engaged in construction of buildings, dams, bridges, roads, etc. is called constructions industry. It creates immovable wealth for a nation.

Question 4.
Tertiary industry.
Answer:
Industry providing supportive services to primary and secondary industries is called tertiary industry. E.g transport, banking, hotel industry, tourism industry, entertainment industry, etc.

Question 5.
Commerce.
Answer:

1. It is that part of business which is related to distribution of goods and services produced by industry.
2. It involves all activities which maintain free flow of goods. It bridges the gap between producers and consumers.

Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. Mr. Utsav is a lawyer. He practice at Mumbai High Court, Mrs. Kruti has disputes with her employer, M/s Shah & Co. for which she approach Mr. Utsav, who advice her to file a petition at Mumbai High Court for which she paid fees of? 10,000 to Mr. Utsav.

Question 1.
Who is Mr. Utsav?
Answer:
Mr. Utsav – a person providing service of lawyer. He is a lawyer by profession.

Question 2.
Who is Client?
Answer:
Mrs. Kruti is a client.

Question 3.
Who is accused?
Answer:
Mr. Shah & Co. is an accused in above case.

2. Globally Local Event company run by Mr. Sneh, conducts a wedding event for Mr. Suresh Jha at Dubai and charged him professional fees Rs 5,00,000/-.

Question 1.
What kind of business the company is doing?
Answer:
Globally Local Event Company is doing a profession of Wedding planner i.e. event organizer.

Question 2.
What is return to professions?
Answer:
The return to profession is called a fees.

Question 3.
Who is client?
Answer:
Mr. Suresh Jha is a client of the company.

3. Neeta Tours conducting tours and travels abroad, Doshi and family booked their tour to America and paid Rs 10,000/- for total tour.

Question 1.
What kind of business done by Neeta Tours?
Answer:
Neeta Tour is doing a business of Tourism – a tour organizer.

Question 2.
What currency is used?
Answer:
Currency used in the above case is Dollar.

Question 3.
Who is Travelers?
Answer:
Neeta Tours.

4. Mr. Bhardwaj an Indian businessman purchased goods from Mr. Chen Tsiany of Rs 1,20,000/ A and sold the same goods to Mr. Thomsan in Britain for Rs 1,50,000/-.

Question 1.
Who is Mr. Bhardwaj?
Answer:
Indian exporter and importer.

Question 2.
What kind of Trade is done by Mr. Bhardwaj?
Answer:
Entrepot Trade.

Question 3.
Who is Mr. Thomsan?
Answer:
Importer

Distinguish between the following

Question 1.
Commerce and Trade.
Answer:

	Commerce	Trade
(1) Meaning	Commerce is a part of business which looks after the distribution of goods and services.	Trade is buying and selling of goods and services.
(2) Scope	Commerce includes trade and auxiliaries to trade.	Trade includes home trade and foreign trade.
(3) Size	Commerce is wider than trade as it includes trade plus auxiliaries to trade.	Trade is narrower than commerce.
(4) Part of	Commerce is a part of business.	Trade is a part of commerce.
(5) Coverage	Commerce covers wider activities as it includes buying and selling as well as support services which help trade.	Trade is confined only to buying and selling. Thus it is more near to buyers.

Question 2.
Trade and Auxiliaries to Trade
Answer:

	Trade	Auxiliaries to Trade
(1) Meaning	It is buying and selling of goods.	These are the agencies or services which facilitate trade.
(2) Objective	To earn profit.	To remove difficulties in trade.
(3) Scope	Trade covers home trade and foreign trade.	It covers banking, insurance, transport, warehousing, etc.
(4) Parties	Basically two parties are involved i.e. buyer and seller.	Number of institutions are involved.
(5) Importance	It is an important part of commerce.	They play subsidiary role in commerce.

 

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 5 Members of a Company Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 5 Members of a Company

1A Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
Every person domiciled in India will be a major when he completes ____________ years of age.
(a) 16
(b) 20
(c) 18
Answer:
(c) 18

Question 2.
____________ is an institution where securities are held in electronic form.
(a) Depository
(b) Partnership
(c) One person company
Answer:
(a) Depository

Question 3.
____________ is a legal person.
(a) Company
(b) Trust
(c) Partnership firm
Answer:
(a) Company

Question 4.
____________ person is eligible for membership of a company.
(a) Foreigner
(b) Lunatic
(c) Insolvent
Answer:
(a) Foreigner

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Member	(1) Ownership of shares of the company
(b) Shareholder	(2) Cannot become a member
(c) Register of member	(3) List of members
(d) Partnership Firm	(4) Transfer of shares by operation of law
(e) Forfeiture of shares	(5) Persombelow the age of 18 years
	(6) Voluntary sale of shares
	(7) Termination of membership
	(8) Entry of the name in Register of members
	(9) Transfer of shares
	(10) Record of particulars of all the members of the company

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Member	(8) Entry of the name in Register of members
(b) Shareholder	(1) Ownership of shares of the company
(c) Register of member	(10) Record of particulars of all the members of the company
(d) Partnership Firm	(2) Cannot become a member
(e) Forfeiture of shares	(7) Termination of membership

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
A person can enter into a share purchase transaction on behalf of a minor.
Answer:
A guardian

Question 2.
The firm cannot be a member of the company.
Answer:
Partnership firm

Question 3.
In this family, shares can be registered only in the name of its ‘Karta’.
Answer:
Hindu Undivided Family

Question 4.
Being a registered entity, it can be a member of the company.
Answer:
Co-operative society

Question 5.
They can buy shares of an Indian company.
Answer:
Foreigner

Question 6.
Transfer of shares by operation of law.
Answer:
Transmission of Shares

Question 7.
Cancellation of shares by a company.
Answer:
Forfeiture of Shares

Question 8.
Shares are paid back after a certain period of time.
Answer:
Redeemable Preferences Shares

Question 9.
Holding securities in Electronic form.
Answer:
Dematerialization

Question 10.
Share of profit distributed to shareholders.
Answer:
Dividend

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
The member who is the subscriber to the Memorandum of Association of a company is a shareholder.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
A person below the age of 18 years is called a minor.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The process of removing the name of a member from the Register of member is call admission of a partner.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
A person who has been allotted shares of the company is called a shareholder.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Transfer of shares is by operation of law.
Answer:
False

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Minor, Not completed 18 years, Membership of a Company
Answer:
Membership of a company

Question 2.
Co-operative society, Limited Liability, Partnership Firm
Answer:
Partnership Firm

Question 3.
Operation of Law, Death, and Insolvency, Wrongly entered in the Register of members.
Answer:
Wrongly entered in the Register of member

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Member invest money in company in return of ____________
Answer:
dividend

Question 2.
Shareholder has right to attend ____________
Answer:
all General Meeting

Question 3.
Member also have right to remove the ____________
Answer:
Auditors

Question 4.
Member means a person whose name is entered in ____________
Answer:
the Register of Members

Question 5.
The investor who owns securities in electronic form is called ____________
Answer:
Beneficial owner

Question 6.
Depository is an institution where securities are held in ____________
Answer:
electronic form/dematerialised form

Question 7.
Foreigner can buy shares subject to provision of ____________
Answer:
FEMA, 1999

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Transmission of shares	………………………
(2) ……………………..	The foreigner can buy shares

(Compulsory transfer of shares, FEMA Act, 1999)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Transmission of shares	Compulsory transfer of shares
(2) FEMA Act, 1999	The foreigner can buy shares

Question 2.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Major	……………………….
(2) Limited Liability Partnership	………………………
(3) Hindu Undivided Family	……………………..
(4) …………………..	Official Receiver
(5) Depository	……………………..

(Juristic person, Insolvency of a member, Can hold companies share, NSDL/CDSL, Karta)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Major	Can hold companies share
(2) Limited Liability Partnership	Juristic person
(3) Hindu Undivided Family	Karta
(4) Insolvency of a member	Official Receiver
(5) Depository	NSDL/CDSL

Question 3.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Owns securities in Electronic-form	……………………
(2) ………………………..	Legally competent to manage one’s own affair
(3) Cannot be a member	…………………….
(4) ……………………….	Voluntary return of shares by member
(5) Additional shares offered free of cost	…………………….

(Lunatic/Insolvent, Bonus Shares, Beneficial owner, Sui-juris, Surrender of Shares)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Owns securities in Electronic-form	Beneficial owner
(2) ‘Sui-Juris	Legally competent to manage one’s own affair
(3) Cannot be a member	Lunatic/Insolvent
(4) Surrender of Shares	Voluntary return of shares by member
(5) Additional shares offered free of cost	Bonus Shares

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What do you mean by Forfeiture of shares?
Answer:
Forfeiture means the cancellation of shares by a company.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Dematerialized form?
Answer:
It means holding Financial Securities in Electronic form and not in physical form.

Question 3.
What does FEMA stand for?
Answer:
Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999.

Question 4.
Who is a depository?
Answer:
The depository is an institution that holds securities in electronic form/dematerialized form and NSDL and CDSL.

Question 5.
Who is the beneficial owner?
Answer:
The beneficial owner is an investor who owns securities in electronic form and has an interest in the securities.

Question 6.
What is FEMA?
Answer:
FEMA 1999, is an Act that aims at facilitating external trade and promote the foreign exchange market in India.

Question 7.
What is the transmission of shares?
Answer:
Compulsory transfer of shares to the legal heir of deceased shareholders is called as the transmission of shares.

Question 8.
Who looks after the shares of an insolvent member?
Answer:
Official Receiver or Assignee looks after the shares of an insolvent member.

Question 9.
What is Class Action Suit?
Answer:
When a group of people with similar harm caused to them sue the opposition party for redressal of harm, is called a Class Action Suit.

Question 10.
What do you mean by the membership of Principal of Estoppel?
Answer:
A member who has disposed (sold) of his shares and yet knowingly allows his name to remain on the register of members and otherwise exercises his membership is estopped from denying that he is a member and is held responsible for the liabilities of membership.

1I. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Co-operative Society cannot be a member of a company.
Answer:
Karta of HUF cannot be a member of a company.

Question 2.
A foreigner can buy shares subject to provisions of FERA, 1999.
Answer:
A foreigner can buy shares subject to provisions of FEMA, 1999.

Question 3.
Partnership firm is a juristic person.
Answer:
Limited Liability Partnership is a juristic person.

Question 4.
Beneficial owner is an institution that holds a share in electronic form.
Answer:
Depository is an institution that held a share in electronic form.

Question 5.
Transfer of shares is compulsory to transfer of shares to the legal heir of the deceased member.
Answer:
Transmission of shares is compulsory to transfer of shares to the legal heir of the deceased member.

Question 6.
Surrender of Shares means cancellation of shares by the company.
Answer:
Forfeiture of Shares means cancellation of shares by the company.

Question 7.
Right Issue means shares given to existing shareholders free of cost.
Answer:
Bonus Issue means shares given to existing shareholders free of cost.

Question 8.
Part of the profit given to its shareholder is called Interest.
Answer:
Part of the profit given to its shareholder is called a Dividend.

2. Explain the following Terms/Concepts.

Question 1.
Class Action Suit
Answer:
A group of people with similar harm caused, when sues the oppositions party jointly is called Class Action Suit.

Question 2.
Dividend
Answer:
It means a share in the profit of a company which is distributed to equity shareholders and preference shareholders.

Question 3.
Right Issue
Answer:
Right issue means an issue of additional shares to exist equity shareholder again certain price. It is not issued at free of cost.

Question 4.
Bonus Issue
Answer:
Bonus issue means, issue of additional shares to existing equity shareholders free of cost. It is generally done to capitalize the reserves of the company.

Question 5.
Covenants of the Article
Answer:
It means the contents and clauses of the Articles of Association of the company.

3. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
Who can become a Member of the Company?
Answer:

1. A Person: Any person who is competent to enter into a contract i.e. he is above the age of 18 years, and not an insane/lunatic or not an insolvent can become a member of a company.
2. Partnership Firm: A partnership firm can not be registered as a member of the company but the partners may hold the shares of a company in their individual name or as Joint Shareholders.
3. Hindu Undivided Family: As Karta is the head of the Hindu Undivided family business, he can buy shares of the company on behalf of the Hindu Undivided Family, but HUF itself cannot be a member of the company.
4. A Company: If the Memorandum of Association grants, then one company can buy the shares of another company and become a member, but the company itself cannot invest in the shares of its own company.
5. Society: A society that is registered under the Societies Act, can buy the shares of a company and become a member.
6. Trust: A registered trust can become a member of a company in its own name.
7. Non-Resident/Foreigner: A non-resident Indian (NRI) can buy shares in a company. It has to fulfill the conditions specified in the FEMA Act, 1999.
8. Limited Liability Partnership: LLP can become a member of a company as it is a juristic person.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 4 Documents Related to Formation of a Company Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 4 Documents Related to Formation of a Company

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
The document that contains the constitution of the company is _____________
(a) Article of Association
(b) Prospectus
(c) Memorandum of Association
Answer:
(c) Memorandum of Association

Question 2.
A _____________ company must issue prospectus to the public for capital subscription.
(a) Statutory
(b) Private
(c) Public
Answer:
(c) Public

Question 3.
For alteration in the Articles _____________ resolution is required.
(a) Ordinary
(b) Special
(c) Circular
Answer:
(b) Special

Question 4.
The Domicile clause of the Memorandum of Association states about the _____________ of a company.
(a) capital
(b) liability
(c) registered address
Answer:
(c) registered address

Question 5.
The aims and objectives of a company are stated in the _____________ clause of the Memorandum of Association.
(a) Name
(b) Object
(c) Domicile
Answer:
(b) Object

Question 6.
The _____________ is almost an unalterable document.
(a) Memorandum
(b) Articles
(c) Prospectus
Answer:
(a) Memorandum

Question 7.
The _____________ is primary and supreme document of the company.
(a) Memorandum of Association
(b) Articles of Association
(c) Prospectus
Answer:
(a) Memorandum of Association

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Memorandum of Association	(1) Letter issued to a selected group of investor
(b) Articles of Association	(2) Invitation to purchase Shares
(c) Prospectus	(3) Constitution of Company
(d) Civil liability	(4) Letter issued to all shareholder
(e) Offer letter	(5) Invitation for meeting
(f) Book Building Process	(6) Rules regarding Internal Management
	(7) Pay compensation to Investor
	(8) Rules regarding external affairs of the company
	(9) Collecting bank deposits
	(10) Determining issue price of shares

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Memorandum of Association	(3) Constitution of Company
(b) Articles of Association	(6) Rules regarding Internal Management
(c) Prospectus	(2) Invitation to purchase Shares
(d) Civil liability	(7) Pay compensation to Investor
(e) Offer letter	(1) Letter issued to a selected group of investor
(f) Book Building Process	(10) Determining issue price of shares

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
A constitution or charter of the company.
Answer:
Memorandum of Association

Question 2.
An almost unalterable document of the joint-stock company.
Answer:
Memorandum of Association

Question 3.
The clause of the memorandum provides the name of the state in which the company’s registered office is situated.
Answer:
Domicile Clause

Question 4.
An invitation to the public to subscribe for shares or debentures of the company.
Answer:
Prospectus

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
The AOA is an alterable document.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The company can be registered without MOA.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Nobody is liable for mis-statements in the prospectus.
Answer:
False

1E. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
The constitution of a joint-stock company is called _____________
Answer:
Memorandum of Association

Question 2.
The rules regarding internal management are given in the _____________
Answer:
Articles of Association

Question 3.
The document which is a charter or constitution of a company is the _____________
Answer:
Memorandum of Association

Question 4.
The primary basic document of a company is the _____________
Answer:
Memorandum of Association

Question 5.
The _____________ is sub-ordinate document to memorandum.
Answer:
Articles of Association

Question 6.
In the case of Public Company Limited by Shares or Guarantee, the last word should be _____________
Answer:
Limited

Question 7.
The last word in case of Private Company Limited by shares should be _____________
Answer:
Private Limited

Question 8.
Resolution which requires 3/4th majority of votes in favour of a proposal is called as _____________
Answer:
Special Resolution

Question 9.
Article which require 9/10th of majority in favour is called _____________
Answer:
Entrenched Article

1F. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Doctrine of Indoor Management	………………………
(2) ……………………..	Financial institution guiding companies
(3) Civil liability	………………………
(4) Act beyond the power of Memorandum	………………………
(5) …………………….	Misleading information in the prospectus

(Mis-statement in a prospectus, Assumption of company acting as per MOA and AOA, Mis-statement in a prospectus, Lead Merchant Bankers, Doctrine of Ultra-vires)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Doctrine of Indoor Management	Assumption of the company acting as per MOA and AOA
(2) Lead Merchant Bankers	Financial institution guiding companies
(3) Civil liability	Mis-statement in a prospectus
(4) Act beyond the power of Memorandum	Doctrine of Ultra-vires
(5) Mis-statement in a prospectus	Misleading information in the prospectus

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What do you mean by special resolution?
Answer:
Resolution which requires 3/4th or 75% majority of votes in favour of a proposal is called a special resolution.

Question 2.
What do you mean by injunction?
Answer:
The injunction is an order from the court to stop the company from doing any act which is Ultra-vires.

Question 3.
What is ordinary resolution?
Answer:
The resolution which requires a simple majority of votes cast in favour or against a proposal, (i.e. 51%)

Question 4.
What is a lien on shares?
Answer:
Lien on shares means a company has a right of possession of shares when the member does not pay off his debts or liabilities to the company.

Question 5.
Explain the term IPO and Book Building Process.
Answer:
IPO: Initial Public Offer is an offer made by the company for the first time to the public to buy the shares of the company.
Book Building Process: It is a process where a company determines the issue price of shares/securities based on demand from the public.

Question 6.
Who are lead merchant bankers?
Answer:
Lead Merchant Bankers are the financial institutions that guide the issuing companies in the matter relating to the issue of shares.

Question 7.
Who is Registrar to issue?
Answer:
Registrar to the issue is the agents who are appointed by the issuing company for collecting application forms and money, maintaining records of investors, etc.

1I. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Articles of Association is an invitation to the public to buy the shares of a company.
Answer:
The prospectus is an invitation to the public to buy the shares of a company.

Question 2.
Capital Clause describes the liability of the members.
Answer:
The liability Clause describes the liability of the members.

Question 3.
The prospectus must be issued within 120 days from the date of incorporation.
Answer:
The prospectus must be issued within 90 days from the date of incorporation.

1J. Arrange in proper order.

Question 1.
(a) Liability clause
(b) Registered Office clause
(c) Subscription clause
Answer:
(a) Registered Office clause
(b) Liability clause
(c) Subscription clause

2. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
Explain the types of Prospectus.
Answer:
Types of Prospectus:
(i) Abridged Prospectus:

• It contains the main contents of a prospectus in brief.
• It is attached with the application form issued.
• It is issued only in case of a public offer.

(ii) Shelf Prospectus:

• It is an alternative option to print a fresh prospectus for every issue of shares.
• It can be used for all further issues made by the company for up to one year.
• However, for every subsequent issue, a company has to file an ‘Information Memorandum’ with ROC.

(iii) Red Herring Prospectus:

• It is a kind of incomplete prospectus.
• It does not include particulars like the number of shares offered and the issue price of the shares offered.
• It is generally issued at the time of Initial Public Offer (IPO) or under Book Building Process.

(iv) Letter of offer:

• It is issued while making the “Right Issue” to the existing shareholders.
• It contains the details of the offer.

(v) Offer letter:
It is issued to a selected group of investors while making a private placement.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 3 Formation of a Company Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 3 Formation of a Company

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
Directors declaration form should be filed within ___________ days from the date of incorporation.
(a) 180
(b) 80
(c) 100
Answer:
(a) 180

1B. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
ROC allows 21 digit numbers at the time of issuing Certificate of Incorporation.
Answer:
Corporate Identity Number

1C. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
A company shall be formed for any lawful purpose.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
First Director of the company appointed by ROC.
Answer:
False

2. Explain the following terms/concepts.

Question 1.
TAN
Answer:
Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number is issued by the Income Tax Department to all persons who are responsible for deducting or collecting tax. It is a 10 digit alphanumeric code.

Question 2.
ROC
Answer:
Registrar of Companies is an authority as per the Companies Act, which can incorporate companies.

Question 3.
Company limited by Guarantee
Answer:
A company where members guarantee to contribute a certain amount of money either to the assets of the company, at the time of winding up of the company, or towards the cost of winding up of the company.

Question 4.
Fiduciary duty
Answer:
It means that a person has to act in good faith and trust which is put upon him by another person.
Eg. Promoters have fiduciary duties towards the company they are setting up. It means they have to act in a manner that protects and promotes the interest of the proposed company.

Question 5.
Prospectus
Answer:
It is an invitation to the public by the Joint Stock Company to subscribe to the shares of the company.
Private company issues “Statement in lieu of Prospectus” in place of ‘framing its own-‘Prospectus’.

3. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
State the steps in Commencement of Business.
Answer:
Commencement of Business: Public companies and private companies not having share capital can commence their business after getting an Incorporation Certificate. But, companies having share capital and which are incorporated after 2nd November 2018 have to obtain a Certificate of Commencement of Business.

Steps in Certificate of Commencement of Business:
(i) Filing of a declaration by Directors:
Every Director has to file a declaration along with the prescribed fees declaring that he has paid the value of shares agreed to be taken by him. Such declaration should be verified by Company Secretary or Chartered Accountant or Cost Accountant. Such declaration should be submitted within 180 days from the date of incorporation.

(ii) File verification of Registered Office:
The company has to also file verification of its registered office with the ROC.

(iii) Obtain license or approval from Sectoral Regulator:
Companies that propose to conduct banking business, insurance business, or proposed to be listed on Stock exchanges need to register with Sectoral Regulators like RBI, Securities and Exchange Board of India, etc. Such companies must submit approval received from Sectoral Regulator to ROC.

(iv) Commencement of business:
After filing the required documents, RQC issues the Certificate of Commencement of Business. Public and Private companies having share capital can now start their business or start the collection of capital. A public company can now issue a prospectus to invite the public for subscribing to its share capital.

Question 2.
Draw a flow chart of Steps in the incorporation of a company.
Answer:
Following steps are undertaken to incorporate a company:
Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
↓
Register DSC in the name of Director with MCA
↓
Obtain Director Identification Number (DIN)
↓
Apply for Reservation of Name
↓
Finalize Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association
↓
Signing, Stamping, and Dating of Memorandum and Articles of Association
↓
Prepare other necessary documents
↓
Deciding address for communication
↓
Obtain a statutory declaration
↓
Filing of application and documents for Incorporation with ROC
↓
Obtaining Certificate of Incorporation

Question 3.
State the various types of companies.
Answer:
(i) Based on a minimum number of promoters:
As per Company Act, 2013 (Section 3) Promoters can form 3 types of companies. Such types of companies are based on numbers of Promoters.

(ii) Based on Capital Structure [Section 3(2)]:

• Company Limited by Shares: In this type of company capital is formed by shares and the liability is limited.
• Company Limited by Guarantee: In this company, its members have guaranteed to contribute an amount of money either to the assets /of the company at the time of winding up towards the cost of winding up of the company.
• Unlimited Liability Company: In this company, the liability of members is unlimited, they are liable for all amounts of debts and liabilities.

4. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Give the proforma of Certificate of Incorporation.
Answer:

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS Central Registration Centre Certificate of Incorporation {Pursuant to sub-section (2) of section 7 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) and rule 18 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014} I hereby certify that ___________ is incorporated on this ___________ Day of ___________ Two thousand ___________ under the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) and that the company is limited by shares. The Corporate Identity Number of the Company is ___________ The Permanent Account Number (PAN) of the company is ___________ The Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number (TAN) of the company is ___________ Given under my hand at ___________ this ___________ day of ___________ (month) Two thousand ___________ Digital Signature Certificate For and on behalf of the Jurisdictional Registrar of Companies Registrar of Companies Central Registration Centre Disclaimer: This Certificate only evidences incorporation of the company on the basis of documents and declarations of the applicant (s). This Certificate is neither a license nor permission to conduct business or solicit deposits or funds from the public. Permission of sector regulators is necessary wherever required. Registration status and other details of the company can be verified on www.mca.gov.in

Mailing address as per record available in Registrar of Companies office: ______________________ ______________________

 

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 2 Joint Stock Company Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 2 Joint Stock Company

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
A joint stock company has ___________ life.
(a) short
(b) limited
(c) continuous
Answer:
(c) continuous

Question 2.
A Joint Stock Company has independent ___________
(a) survival
(b) legal status
(c) capital
Answer:
(b) legal status

Question 3.
Shares of company are ___________
(a) transferable
(b) non-transferable
(c) none of these
Answer:
(a) transferable

Question 4.
In a small company, paid-up share capital does not exceed ₹ ___________ or such higher amount as may be prescribed.
(a) ₹ 100 lakh
(b) ₹ 20 lakh
(c) ₹ 50 lakh
Answer:
(c) ₹ 50 lakh

Question 5.
In general business partnership firm maximum ___________ partners are allowed.
(a) 2
(b) 20
(c) 50
Answer:
(c) 50

Question 6.
A Joint Stock company is ___________ person.
(a) real
(b) an artificial
(c) a natural
Answer:
(b) an artificial

Question 7.
Registration is ___________ for every company.
(a) voluntary
(b) compulsory
(c) optional
Answer:
(b) compulsory

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Sole Trading Concern	(1) Hindu Succession Act, 1956
(b) Joint Hindu Family Business	(2) Unlimited liability, joint, and several
(c) Partnership Firm	(3) ‘One Many Army’
(d) Reserve Bank of India	(4) Limited liability
(e) Foreign Company	(5) ‘One Man Business’
	(6) Statutory Company
	(7) Hindu Succession Act, 1932
	(8) Public company
	(9) Company incorporated outside India
	(10) Company incorporated within India

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Sole Trading Concern	(5) ‘One Man Business’
(b) Joint Hindu Family Business	(7) Hindu Succession Act, 1932
(c) Partnership Firm	(2) Unlimited liability, joint, and several
(d) Reserve Bank of India	(6) Statutory Company
(e) Foreign Company	(9) Company incorporated outside India

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
The place for dealing with shares of the company.
Answer:
Share market/Stock exchange

Question 2.
A company has continuous life.
Answer:
Perpetual succession

Question 3.
The form of commercial organization suitable to carry large scale business operations.
Answer:
Joint Stock company

Question 4.
A company opposite to a holding company.
Answer:
Subsidiary company

Question 5.
A company incorporated outside India.
Answer:
Foreign company

Question 6.
A company that is not a private company.
Answer:
Public Company

Question 7.
A company having no limit on the liability of its member.
Answer:
Unlimited Liability company

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
A Joint Stock company is an artificial person created by law.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
A joint-stock company is a superior form of business organization.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The Joint Stock company collects huge capital from the public.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Part of the profit of the company distributed among the shareholders is known as Dividends.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
There is no Government control and supervision over the working of Joint Stock companies.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
In a private company maximum number of membership is restricted to up to 50.
Answer:
False

1E. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
A business that is owned and managed by one person is called as ___________
Answer:
Sole Trading Concern

Question 2.
A company incorporated outside India, but having a place of business in India is called ___________
Answer:
Foreign company

Question 3.
An organization in which management is based on democratic nature and ‘One member One vote’ is called as ___________
Answer:
Co-operative society

Question 4.
A feature of Joint Stock company, by which member can sell shares as and when he desires, called as ___________
Answer:
transferability of shares

Question 5.
A business organization owned and manages by family members is called ___________
Answer:
Joint Hindu Family Business

Question 6.
A business organization owned and manages by two or more person collectivity is called as ___________
Answer:
Partnership firm

Question 7.
An incorporated association which is an artificial person created by law having perpetual succession is called ___________
Answer:
Joint Stock Company

Question 8.
A voluntary association of individual formed for providing service to member is ___________
Answer:
Co-operative Society

Question 9.
The liability of ‘Karta’ in JHF business is ___________
Answer:
Unlimited

Question 10.
Life Insurance Corporation of India is an example of ___________
Answer:
Statutory Company

Question 11.
Companies which are incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 are ___________
Answer:
Registered Company

1F. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Holding Company	…………………….
(2) Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited	……………………
(3) …………………	Signature of a company
(4) ………………..	Long and stable life
(5) ………………..	Combination of Partnership and Joint Stock Company.

(Common seal, Government company, more than 50% share capital of another company, Perpetual succession, Limited Liability Partnership (LLP))
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Holding Company	more than 50% share capital of another company
(2) Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited	Government company
(3) Common seal	Signature of a company
(4) Perpetual succession	Long and stable life
(5) Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)	Combination of Partnership and Joint Stock Company.

1G. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)?
Answer:
LLP means where partners have limited liability and the personal assets of partners are not attached.

Question 2.
What is Sole Trading’s concern?
Answer:
It is a form of business organization that is owned, managed, and controlled by one person. It is also called ‘One Man Business’ or ‘One Man Show’.

Question 3.
Who controls the Joint Hindu Family business?
Answer:
‘Karta’ the head of the family controls the business of the Joint Hindu Family.

Question 4.
Which Act controls Joint Hindu Family business?
Answer:
Joint Hindu Family business is governed by Hindu Succession Act, 1956.

Question 5.
What is a Partnership firm?
Answer:
A business organization that is owned, managed, and controlled by 2 or more persons is called a Partnership firm.

Question 6.
What is a Co-operative Society?
Answer:
A cooperative society is a voluntary association of persons formed to achieve certain economic objectives and is governed under Maharashtra State Co-operative Societies Act, 1960. The nature of such a society is service-oriented.

Question 7.
What are the Articles of Association?
Answer:
Articles of Association is a document that describes the internal rules and regulations to manage the company.

Question 8.
What is a Joint-Stock company?
Answer:
A Joint Stock company is an incorporated association, which is an artificial person created by law, having a separate name, a separate legal entity, and a perpetual succession.

Question 9.
What is SEBI?
Answer:
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is a body that is established to protect the interest of investors in securities and regulate the security market.

Question 10.
What is an Unlimited Liability company?
Answer:
A company not having any limit on the liability of its members is called an Unlimited Liability company It can be either a private company or a public company or a one-person company.

Question 11.
What is a Private company?
Answer:
A private company is a company that by its articles restricts the right to transfer its share, limits the maximum number of members to 50, and prohibits the issue of prospectus.

1H. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
The liability of shareholders of the company is unlimited.
Answer:
The liability of shareholders of the company is limited.

Question 2.
The member of the Joint Hindu family business is called as partners.
Answer:
The member of the Joint Hindu family business is called as co-parceners.

Question 3.
A Joint Stock Company is a natural person created by law.
Answer:
A Joint Stock Company is an artificial person created by law.

Question 4.
A partnership firm is governed by the Co-operative Societies Act, 1960.
Answer:
Co-operative Society is governed by the Co-operative Societies Act, 1960.

Question 5.
Partnership firm enjoys separate legal entity.
Answer:
The joint Stock company enjoys a separate legal entity.

Question 6.
A dormant company is opposite to a Holding company.
Answer:
A subsidiary company is opposite to a Holding company.

2. Explain the following terms/concepts.

Question 1.
Small company
Answer:

• The amount of paid-up capital is not more than ₹ 50 lakh or such a higher amount as may be prescribed.
• The turnover of its last Profit and Loss account does not exceed 2 crores or such a higher amount as may be prescribed.
• A small company means, company other than a public company.
• A small company is formed as per section 2(85).

Question 2.
Public company
Answer:

• A minimum of 7 members is needed for incorporation and no maximum limit.
• The shares of a public company are easily transferable.
• The minimum paid-up capital is prescribed by the Articles.
• It can invite and accept deposits from the public.
• A company, which is not a private company is called a Public Company.

Question 3.
Statutory company
Answer:

• These companies are incorporated by Special Act.
• Such Special Act is passed in Central or State legislative.
• E.g. Reserve Bank of India, SBI, Unit Trust of India. LIC, etc.

Question 4.
Company Limited by shares
Answer:

• Such companies have share capital.
• The liability of every member is limited to the unpaid amount of face value of shares.
• At the time of winding up of the company, the remaining unpaid amount can be called upon by a member.
• Public and Private companies both may be companies limited by shares.

Question 5.
Unlimited Liability company
Answer:

• The liability of members of such a company is unlimited.
• The members are liable to pay the debts of the company.
• Private property may be used to pay the companies debts.
• Private company Public companies and even One Person, a private company may be formed as unlimited Liability company.

Question 6.
Subsidiary company
Answer:

• Such companies are controlled by holding companies.
• Holding company purchases more than half of the total share capital of the Subsidiary company.
• Holding Company has the power to appoint or remove all or a majority of its directors.
• A subsidiary company is just the opposite of a Holding company.

Question 7.
Evolution of Joint Stock company
Answer:

• In 1760, the industrial revolution took place. Before that production was dependent on manpower.
• Sole Trading concern, Joint Hindu Family Business, and Partnership firm became inadequate to face a new era of production.
• LocaPSmall markets turned into regional, national, and international markets.
• This led to the evolution of the Joint Stock company.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. Mr. Vishal and Mr. Rahul came together and formed a business under the agreement. They contributed capital by carrying unlimited liability.

Question (a).
What is the form of business in the above case?
Answer:
This is a partnership firm.

Question (b).
Explain the type of agreement and relation between Mr. Vishal and Mr. Rahul.
Answer:
Mr. Vishal and Mr. Rahul both are partners in this partnership firm.

Question (c).
State the liability of partners.
Answer:
The liability of partners is unlimited, joint, and several.

4. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Joint Hindu Family Business and Joint Stock Company.
Answer:

Basis	Joint Hindu Family Business (JHFB)	Joint Stock Company
1. Meaning	It is a business organization owned and managed by members of the Joint Hindu Family.	It is an association of persons formed under the Companies Act, 2013 to run a business.
2. Number of members	There is no limit on the minimum and maximum number of members.	Private Company minimum 2 members and maximum 200 members. Public Company minimum 7 members and maximum unlimited.
3. Registration	Registration is not necessary.	Registration is compulsory under the Indian Companies Act, 2013.
4. Liability	Karta has unlimited liability while Co-parceners have limited liability.	The liability of all members is limited.
5. Stability	It has no stability. Death or insolvency of members may affect stability.	It has a stable business. Death or insolvency of a member will not affect the stability.
6. Capital	Comparatively, it requires limited capital.	It requires a huge amount of capital.
7. Secrecy	It maintains maximum secrecy.	It maintains less business secrecy.
8. Management	Karta is responsible for the management of the business.	The Board of Directors is responsible for the management of the Joint Stock company.
9. Government Control	There is less government control.	There is more government control on working of the Joint Stock company.

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
How is a Joint Stock Company is different from Joint Hindu Family Business?
Answer:
Joint Stock Company:

• It is an association of persons formed under the Companies Act, 2013 to run a business.
• Private Company minimum 2 members and maximum 200 members.
• Public Company minimum 7 members and maximum unlimited.
• Registration is compulsory under the Indian Companies Act, 2013.
• The liability of all members is limited.
• It has a stable business. Death or insolvency of a member will not affect the stability.
• It requires a huge amount of capital.
• It maintains less business secrecy.
• The Board of Directors is responsible for the management of Joint Stock company.
• There is more government control on working of the Joint Stock company.

Joint Hindu Family Business (JHFB):

• It is a business organization owned and managed by members of the Joint Hindu Family.
• There is no limit on the minimum and maximum number of members.
• Registration is not necessary.
• Karta has unlimited liability while Co-parceners have limited liability.
• It has no stability. Death or insolvency of members may affect stability.
• Comparatively, it requires limited capital.
• It maintains maximum secrecy.
• Karta is responsible for the management of the business.
• There is less government control.

Question 2.
What are the other types of companies?
Answer:
Other Types of Companies are as follows:

1. Government Company: A government company means a company in which more than 51% of paid-up capital is held by
   • Central Government or
   • one or more State Governments or
   • partly by Central and partly by State Government or
   • Subsidiary Company of Government Company. It may be a private or a public company.
2. Foreign Company: It means a company that is incorporated outside of India, but having business in India.
3. Dormant company: A company that is registered for a future project or has not made any significant accounting transactions in the last two years or has not filed financial statements or annual returns in the last two years is called a Dormant company.
4. Listed Company: A company that has listed any of its securities on any recognized stock exchange is called a Listed Company. Such a company has to follow SEBI’s guidelines and the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

6. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
A Joint Stock company is a voluntary association of individuals.
Answer:

• A company is an association or group of persons.
• A large number of people invest in the company.
• So, there are no restrictions for any person irrespective of caste, creed, sex, etc. The membership is open to all.
• A person at his own wish can become a member of the company.
• A shareholder/member can leave his membership by transferring shares.
• The company neither forces anyone to become a member nor to give away his membership.
• So, a Joint Stock company is a voluntary association of individuals.

Question 2.
A Joint Stock Company is a superior form of business organization.
Answer:

• Commercial organizations like Sole Trading Concern, Partnership firms, Joint Hindu Family are not able to meet all the challenges and various increasing needs of the market.
• The Joint Stock company, therefore, acquires a higher position, as it can fulfill the challenges and increasing needs of the markets.
• The Joint Stock company operates not only at the national level but also at the international level.
• It is managed by specialized or professional persons which bring higher returns to the company.
• This leads to the growth and long existence of the company.
• As the Joint Stock company conducts its activities on a large scale, it provides employment to a large number of members.
• Due to all the above reasons, Joint Stock Company is superior to other forms of business organization.

Question 3.
A Joint Stock Company is not a natural person.
Answer:

• A Joint Stock Company is an artificial person, created by law.
• It has no physical existence, but it has legal existence.
• It is not created by natural birth but can act as a natural person.
• It can enter into a contract in its own name.
• It can purchase and sell property, appoint persons as employees, etc.
• It can open a bank account in its own name and can also raise loans.
• It can file a suit against third parties and can also be sued in a court of law.
• All the above acts are done in the name of the company and the members are not responsible for any of this.
• Thus, a Joint Stock Company is not a natural person.

Question 4.
A Joint Stock company has a long and stable life.
Answer:

• Being an artificial person, the company cannot die by natural death.
• New members join, old members, go, but the company carries its business forever.
• The company is not affected due to the death, insolvency of its members or directors.
• A company has a separate legal status. So it has continuous life.
• As long as a company has sufficient capital and efficient management, it can continue its business for years together.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 1 Secretary Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Secretarial Practice Important Questions Chapter 1 Secretary

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Questions 1.
A secretary is an _____________ of the business.
(a) owner
(b) employee
(c) creditor
Answer:
(b) employee

Question 2.
_____________ is appointed by busy individuals.
(a) Personal secretary
(b) Secretary of Joint Stock Company
(c) Secretary of Government department
Answer:
(a) Personal secretary

Question 3.
_____________ function implies compliance of various provisions of Acts applicable to the organization.
(a) Financial
(b) Statutory
(c) Office
Answer:
(b) Statutory

Question 4.
Every listed company and all other companies having paid-up capital of _____________ or more should have a full-time secretary.
(a) 10 crore
(b) 2 crore
(c) 5 crore
Answer:
(c) 5 crore

Question 5.
_____________ is an organization formed with the motive of providing services and not to earn profits.
(a) Joint Stock Company
(b) Non Profit Association
(c) Co-operative Society
Answer:
(b) Non-Profit Association

Question 6.
The function of a secretary to look after the inward and outward mail is called _____________
(a) Reception
(b) Statutory
(c) Correspondence
Answer:
(c) Correspondence

Question 7.
In ancient Indian history, secretary was referred to as _____________
(a) Scribae
(b) Secretarius
(c) Amatya
Answer:
(c) Amatya

Question 8.
_____________ means ability to adjust oneself to changing situation.
(a) Loyalty
(b) Adaptability
(c) Punctuality
Answer:
(b) Adaptability

Question 9.
A secretary appointed by an institution or organization is called _____________ secretary.
(a) Private
(b) Institutional
(c) Social
Answer:
(b) Institutional

Question 10.
A person who acts as a confidential writer is a _____________
(a) worker
(b) secretary
(c) servant
Answer:
(b) secretary

Question 11.
A person who does writing work for his boss is a _____________
(a) secretary
(b) board of directors
(c) managing committee
Answer:
(a) secretary

Question 12.
In the old Roman empire the secretary was referred to as _____________
(a) Scribae
(b) Chitnis
(c) Amatya
Answer:
(a) Scribae

Question 13.
In ancient Indian literature, the post of secretary is referred as _____________
(a) Sachiva
(b) Scribae
(c) Secretarius
Answer:
(a) Sachiva

Question 14.
The term secretary means a _____________
(a) confidential writer
(b) servant
(c) adviser
Answer:
(a) confidential writer

Question 15.
Secretary should have the knowledge of _____________
(a) accountancy
(b) civics
(c) science
Answer:
(a) accountancy

Question 16.
Every business organization needs a secretary having a knowledge of recording _____________ transactions.
(a) financial
(b) private
(c) illegal
Answer:
(a) financial

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Scribae	(1) No legal status
(b) Secretarial Standards and Audit	(2) Companies Act, 1956
(c) Co-operative society	(3) Minimum 5 members
(d) Sports club	(4) Roman empire
(e) Concept of Key Managerial Personnel	(5) To check whether the company comply with a legal requirement
(f) Personal Secretary	(6) IAS
	(7) Minimum 10 members
	(8) Latin civilization
	(9) Companies Act, 2013
	(10) Non-profit association
	(11) has legal status

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Scribae	(4) Roman empire
(b) Secretarial Standards and Audit	(5) To check whether the company comply with a legal requirement
(c) Co-operative society	(7) Minimum 10 members
(d) Sports club	(10) Non-profit association
(e) Concept of Key Managerial Personnel	(9) Companies Act, 2013
(f) Personal Secretary	(1) No legal status

Question 2.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Secretarius	(1) Amatya, Sachiva
(b) Roman Empire	(2) Oldest profession
(c) Indian Literature	(3) Latest profession
(d) Profession of a secretary	(4) Scribae
(e) Secretary	(5) Latin word
	(6) Employer
	(7) Employee

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Secretarius	(5) Latin word
(b) Roman Empire	(4) Scribae
(c) Indian Literature	(1) Amatya, Sachiva
(d) Profession of a secretary	(2) Oldest profession
(e) Secretary	(7) Employee

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
The state and central government secretaries for various department functions under them.
Answer:
Ministries in the Sachivalaya

Question 2.
The person appointed under the Companies Act, 2013 by the board of directors.
Answer:
Companies Secretary

Question 3.
To check whether the company sticks to the legal and procedural requirement.
Answer:
Secretarial Standards and Secretarial Audit

Question 4.
Secretary appointed by industrialists, professionals, leaders, etc.
Answer:
Personal secretary

Question 5.
The function of a secretary in which they attend to telephone calls, visitors and fix appointments.
Answer:
Reception

Question 6.
The quality of a secretary means kindness and politeness.
Answer:
Courtesy

Question 7.
Position of a secretary in a ministry or department.
Answer:
Administrative head

Question 8.
Act under which Cooperative Societies get registered in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Maharashtra State Co-operative Societies Act 1960

Question 9.
The new concept was introduced under the Companies Act, 2013 regarding company secretary.
Answer:
Key Managerial Personnel

Question 10.
A person doing secretarial work in Ancient Indian History.
Answer:
Sachivaor Amatya

Question 11.
A type of secretary appointed by an institution.
Answer:
Institutional Secretary

Question 12.
Name the profession which is as old as human civilization.
Answer:
Secretary

Question 13.
The information is not supposed to be disclosed by the secretary.
Answer:
Secret and Confidential

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
In ancient Indian history, Secretary was referred to as Secretarius.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
An individual alone can be appointed as a Secretary.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
A secretary is a custodian of secret and confidential information of the organization.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
A secretary does not act as a link between management and staff of the organization.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
A company secretary is the oldest type of secretary.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
The managing committee appoints the secretary of the Non-profit association.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
The secretary performs administrative functions.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
The leadership skills of a secretary do not create a team spirit.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
The Board of directors appoints a secretary of a government department.
Answer:
False

Question 10.
The concept of Key Managerial Personnel has been introduced in the Companies Act, 2013.
Answer:
True

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Individual, Paid employee, Confidential officer, a Government department
Answer:
Government department

Question 2.
Rotary club, Sports club, Co-operative banks, Lions club
Answer:
Co-operative banks

Question 3.
Reception function, Statutory function, Financial function, Accuracy
Answer:
Accuracy

Question 4.
Co-operatives banks, Co-operative housing society, Chamber of Commerce, Consumer Co-operative stores.
Answer:
Chamber of Commerce.

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
In Roman empire a professional letter writer is called _____________
Answer:
Scribae

Question 2.
Secretary appointed by busy individuals is known as _____________
Answer:
Personal Secretary

Question 3.
An association formed with an objective to provide service to its member is a _____________
Answer:
Co-operative Society

Question 4.
Finance secretary, Defence secretary, Home Secretary are the examples of _____________
Answer:
Secretary of Government department

Question 5.
Secretary is either paid salary or paid _____________
Answer:
an honorarium

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Chamber of Commerce	…………………
(2) …………………..	Correctness
(3) Key Managerial Personnel	…………………
(4) …………………..	₹ 5 crores or more
(5) ……………………	Latin word

(Joint Stock Company, Non-profit association, Company Secretary, Accuracy, Secretarius)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(1) Chamber of Commerce	Non-profit association
(2) Accuracy	Correctness
(3) Key Managerial Personnel	Company Secretary
(4) Joint Stock Company	₹ 5 crores or more
(5) Secretarius	Latin word

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
Lions club is an example of which type of organization?
Answer:
Lions club is an example of a Non-profit association.

Question 2.
The body which looks after the working of Non-profit associations.
Answer:
The Managing Committee looks after the working of the Non-profit association.

Question 3.
Under which act does the Cooperative society in Maharashtra have to get registered?
Answer:
The Co-operative Society in Maharashtra has to get registered under Maharashtra State Co-operative Act, 1960.

Question 4.
Who can appoint Institutional Secretary?
Answer:
The institutional secretary can be appointed by Non-profit Association, Cooperative society, Joint-stock company, and Government Department.

Question 5.
Who can be appointed as a secretary for the Ministry of External Affairs?
Answer:
An IFS (Indian Foreign Services) can be appointed as a secretary for the Ministry of External Affairs.

Question 6.
Who acts as a link between management and staff?
Answer:
Secretary acts as a link between management and staff.

1I. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Company Secretary must be a member of IAS.
Answer:
Company Secretary must be a member of ICSI.

Question 2.
The term scribae was used in Indian history.
Answer:
The term scribae was used in the Roman empire.

Question 3.
The Co-operative Society is managed by the Board of Directors.
Answer:
The Co-operative Society is managed by of Managing committee.

Question 4.
The Latin name for secretary is Amatya.
Answer:
The Latin name for secretary is Secretarius.

Question 5.
The Secretary of the Lions Club is an example of a Personal secretary.
Answer:
The Secretary of the Lions Club is an example of an Institutional secretary.

2. Explain the following terms/concepts.

Question 1.
Key Managerial Personnel
Answer:
For the efficient working of the company, the Board of directors is assisted by many persons known as key managerial personnel.

Question 2.
Administrators
Answer:
The secretary handles the office administration on behalf of the employer. He assists in making plans, execution of plans, supervision, etc.

Question 3.
Institutional Secretary
Answer:
A secretary appointed by an institution or organization is called an Institutional secretary.
E.g. Secretary of Non-profit association, or Co-operative society or Joint Stock Company, or Government Department.

Question 4.
Government Department
Answer:
The department working under the various ministers of the State and Central Government is called as Government Department.

Question 5.
Courtesy
Answer:
It means showing politeness and kindness while dealing with people, which creates positive impressions about the employer and the organization.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. Amit is interested to work as an Institutional Secretary but he lacks the willingness to accept challenges, has a bad temper, and is ignorant about operating a computer.

Question (a).
Does lack of computer knowledge affect the performance of Amit?
Answer:
Yes, with the advancement of the technical aspect in business, Amit needs to update his computer knowledge. Most of the correspondence these days is done through emails.

Question (b).
Is willingness to accept challenges an important quality of a secretary? why?
Answer:
Yes, Policies, technology, and business situations keep on changing and a secretary must adapt himself to the situation and face the challenges.

4. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Secretary of a Joint Stock Company and Secretary of a Co-operative Society.
Answer:

Basis	Secretay of a Joint Stock Company	Secretary of a Co-operative Society
1. Meaning	A company secretary is an individual, having prescribed qualifications, appointed by the Board of Directors to carry out ministerial and administrative duties.	A secretary of a Co-operative society is appointed by the Managing Committee to carry out administrative and secretarial duties.
2. Position	He is one of the members of the Key Managerial Personnel.	He is a member of society and voted to become a secretary.
3. Appointment	He is appointed by the Board of Directors.	He is appointed by the managing committee.
4. Qualification	A company secretary must possess the prescribed qualification i.e. Associate Membership of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (I.C.S.I.)	There is no prescribed qualification for a secretary of a Cooperative society.
5. Government Act	A Joint Stock company is governed by the Indian Companies Act, 2013.	A co-operative society is governed by the Co-operative Societies Act, 1960, and the bye-laws adopted from time to time.
6. Remuneration	Being an employee of a company he gets a salary.	A secretary of a Co-operative society gets a salary if he is appointed as an employee of the Co-operative society. But if he is a member of a managing committee then he gets an honorarium.
7. Basis of Appointment	Generally, a company secretary is appointed on a full-time basis.	A Secretary of a Cooperative society may be appointed on a full-time or part-time basis.

Question 2.
Secretary of a Co-operative Society and Personal Secretary.
Answer:

Basis	Secretary of a Co-operative society	Personal Secretary
1. Meaning	A secretary appointed by the managing committee of the Co-operative society to carry out administrative and secretarial duties.	A secretary is appointed by an individual, businessman, doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc. to assist him in routine business activities.
2. Purpose	He is to assist in safeguarding the common interest of the members.	He is to assist busy individuals in their day-to-day work.
3. Appointment	He is appointed by the managing committee of the society.	He is appointed by businessmen, doctors, lawyers, accountants, etc.
4. Duties	His duties are governed by the Co-operative Societies Act and Bye-Laws of the society.	His duties are decided by the employer who appoints him.
5. Powers	He is given managerial and statutory powers in society as per the Act.	He is given powers by his employer, which are generally limited.

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
State any four importances of a Secretary.
Answer:
The importance of a Secretary are as follows:

• Correspondent: Secretary is a professional letter writer and handles the correspondence of the business. He skillfully drafts letters and prepares reports and maintains the goodwill of the business.
• Custodian of secret information: A secretary is closely connected with the top-level management and has access to all the confidential information of the business. He should not disclose these to outsiders.
• Administrator: Secretary acts as an administrator. He efficiently handles office management and also execution duties of the business.
• Legality: Secretary performs various statutory duties. He files returns, maintain books and register as stated by the Act.

6. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
It is compulsory to appoint a secretary in Joint Stock Company.
Answer:

• Joint Stock Company works on a large scale.
• Hence, every company with paid-up capital of ₹ 5 crores or more must appoint a full-time secretary.
• A company secretary acts as a line of communications between the Board and the staff.
• He acts as the mouthpiece of the Board, as the Directors act only through the secretary.
• Every grievance of the staff is communicated to the Directors through the secretary.
• Thus, It is compulsory to appoint a secretary in Joint Stock Company.

Question 2.
A company secretary is the mouthpiece of the Board of Directors.
Answer:

• A company secretary is normally appointed by the Board of Directors.
• He executes the decisions of the Board and carries out the instructions and orders of the board.
• He acts as a confidential clerk of the Board.
• He has to help the directors in framing the policies of the company and preparing progress reports and other reports.
• A company secretary acts as a line of communications between the Board and the staff.
• He acts as the mouthpiece of the Board, as the Directors act only through the secretary.
• Every grievance of the staff is communicated to the Directors through the secretary.
• Hence, it is compulsory to appoint a secretary in Joint Stock Company.
• Thus, a company secretary is the mouthpiece of the Board of Directors.

Question 3.
Non-Profit Association means an institution formed for providing services.
Answer:

• The non-profit association is a voluntary association established for conducting social, cultural, educational, or economic activities.
• Such associations work for the benefit of the members and for society.
• These associations are service-oriented, which promotes the welfare of society.
• Examples: Rotary clubs, social clubs, sports clubs, educational institutions, recreation clubs, cultural clubs, chamber of commerce, etc.
• Thus, Non-Profit Association means an institution formed for providing services.

Question 4.
The personal secretary must be an individual.
Answer:

• A personal secretary is an individual who is appointed by busy persons like industrialists, businessmen, or professionals to conduct their correspondence and do their personal work.
• Professionals like doctors, lawyers, engineers, chartered accountants or actors, ministers appoint personal secretaries due to their busy schedules in order to do their routine work.
• Therefore, the personal secretary is appointed by people who have to devote their time and energy to discharge more important and challenging duties.
• A personal secretary is also called a personal assistant or private secretary.
• He is entrusted with confidential matters and his duties vary in nature.
• An individual only can perform all such work of a personal secretary.
• Thus, the Personal secretary must be an individual.

Question 5.
A sports club is not a cooperative society.
Answer:

• A cooperative society is a voluntary organization registered under the Co-operative Societies Act.
• It mainly aims at protecting and safeguarding the common interests of its members and the public.
• It also provides various services and amenities.
• Such organizations have to add the word “co-operative” to their names.
• Eg. Co-operative Bank, Consumer Co-operative store, Co-operative Housing Society, etc.
• Therefore, a sports club cannot be a cooperative society, it is a recreation center, where various sports are introduced and training is given to players.
• It is an example of a Non-profit organization.
• Thus, a sports club is not a cooperative society.

7. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain the importance of a secretary.
Answer:
(i) Expert advice and guidance: A secretary provides advice and guidance to his boss on important matters. He advises the management in taking important policy decisions. Sometimes his decisions are more appropriate than his boss and such decisions may result in the growth of the business.

(ii) Administrator: A secretary acts as an administrator. He has to administer the functions like planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities. Routine issues like attending and answering the calls, emails, appointments, drafting letters, reports, speeches, etc. are well administered by the secretary. By doing this he enables the head of the organization to concentrate only on important matters.

(iii) Custodian of Secret Information: A secretary is a custodian of the secret, confidential and important information of his organization. Since he is closely connected with the top management, he participates in the decision-making, policy framing, planning, etc. As the secretary is entrusted with all such secret matters of his organization, he has to keep it confidential and does not leak or disclose to outsiders.

(iv) Correspondent: As a secretary is a person who deals with the writing work, he has to deal with the correspondence of the organization. He has to write different types of letters to different people as well as organizations. Therefore, he should write letters skillfully so that he is able to create and maintain the goodwill of the organization.

(v) Legal compliance office: A secretary is responsible for compliance with legal requirements on behalf of his organization. Maintenance of statutory books and records, filing of returns and statements to concerned authorities, completion of work within the time limit laid down by the law are the responsibilities of a secretary. Therefore, he is called the ‘legal executive’ of his organization.

(vi) Conduct Meeting: Meetings play an important part in different organizations as it is the best means to communicate with each other and take decisions. In the case of a joint-stock company, there are meetings of the shareholders, creditors, Board of Directors, etc. So the secretary of a joint-stock company has to organize, conduct different meetings and has to play a very important role before, during as well as after the meetings.

On the other hand, he is also called the brain, as he suggests and advises the boss, eyes as he watches everything on behalf of his boss, ears because he listens to everybody and hands of his boss as he executes all the decisions and policies of his boss and the organization.

(vii) Link between Management and Staff: A secretary occupies the nucleus (central) position, around which the whole office machinery rotates. He occupies a key position in the administrative setup of the organization. He is a link between the top, middle and lower management. He is also a link between his organization and outsiders like customers, clients, other organizations, government bodies, etc.

(viii) Fulfillment of Secretarial Standards and Secretarial Audit: Secretary keeps a check on whether the company is following all the legal and procedural requirements. This keeps the company free from legal consequences.

Conclusion: A secretary is, therefore, an indispensable officer, office executive, confident, trustworthy, and legal executive of his organization.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 10 Economic Planning in India Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Economics Important Questions Chapter 10 Economic Planning in India

1A. Choose the correct option and rewrite the sentence.

Question 1.
Statements related to definitions of Economic Planning:
(a) A time-bound programme.
(b) Non-continuous process.
(c) Conscious and deliberate choice of economic priorities.
(d) Making of major decisions.
Options:
(1) a, b, c, and d
(2) b, c, and d
(3) a, c and d
(4) None of these
Answer:
(3) a, c and d

Question 2.
Features of Economic planning:
(a) Continuous process
(b) Mobilisation of resources
(c) Does not require co-ordination
(d) Flexible in approach
Options:
(1) a and b
(2) c, d and a
(3) b, c, and d
(4) a, b and d
Answer:
(4) a, b and d

Question 3.
Targets of 12th Five-year plan:
(a) To focus only on agricultural growth.
(b) To reduce the head-count ratio of poverty by 10%.
(c) To increase investment in infrastructure.
(d) To increase green cover by 1 million hectares.
Options:
(1) b, c, and d
(2) a, c and d
(3) c and d
(4) a and d
Answer:
(2) a, c and d

Question 4.
Functions not related to NITI Aayog.
(a) Knowledge and Innovation Hub.
(b) Centralised planning.
(c) Decentralised planning.
(d) Country’s best friend at the center.
Options:
(1) a
(2) a and c
(3) b and d
(4) d and c
Answer:
b and d.

1B. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
1st Five year plan : Development of agriculture : : 12th Five year plan : ___________
Answer:
Faster sustainable growth

Question 2.
1997 – 2002 : 9th Five year plan : : 2012 – 2017 : ___________
Answer:
12th Five year plan

Question 3
Economic growth : To achieve GDP growth rate at 8% : : Health : ___________
Answer:
To reduce fertility rate to 2.1%

Question 4.
Prime Minister : Chairperson : : Members of Union Council of Minister : ___________
Answer:
Ex-Officio Members

Question 5.
Features of Economic Planning : : ___________ Target of 12th Five year plan : Economic growth.
Answer:
Mobilisation of Resources

Question 6. ___________ 1966 1969 : : Rolling Plans : 1978 – 1980.
Answer:
Annual Plans.

1C. Suggest the economic terms for the given statements:

Question 1.
It is a new framework for five years plan.
Answer:
NITI Aayog

Question 2.
Lecture series organized by NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Transforming India

Question 3.
A pillar of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Doubling of Farmer’s Income

Question 4.
A body comprising Chief Ministers of all States and Governors of Union Territories.
Answer:
Governing Council

Question 5.
A team of experts and specialists in NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Special Invitees

Question 6.
A function of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
State’s Best Friend at the center

1D. Arrange in proper order:

Question 1.
Objectives of the five-year plan in order of preference.
(a) Removal of Poverty
(b) Development of Agriculture
(c) To give dynamism to the economy
(d) Development of heavy industries
Answer:
b, d, a, c

Question 2.
The organizational framework of NITI Aayog.
(a) Ex-officio Members
(b) Chairperson
(c) Chief Executive Officer
(d) Vice-Chairperson
Answer:
b, d, a, c

1E. Find the odd word out:

Question 1.
NITI Aayog –
(a) Chairperson
(b) Ex-officio Members
(c) Vice-Chairperson
(d) Vice-Chancellor
Answer:
(d) Vice-Chancellor

Question 2.
The importance given under 12th five years plan to increase –
(a) GDP
(b) banking services
(c) infant mortality
(d) employment
Answer:
(c) infant mortality

Question 3.
Structure of NITI Aayog –
(a) National Development Council
(b) Governing Council
(c) Regional Council
Answer:
(a) National Development Council.

1F. Complete the following statements:

Question 1.
Full time organizational framework of the NITI Aayog consists of ___________
Answer:
Vice-Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer

Question 2.
The vice-chairman of NITI Aayog is appointed by ___________
Answer:
Prime Minister

Question 3.
NITI Aayog was established on ___________
Answer:
1st January 2015

Question 4.
Special Invitees in the Structure of NITI Aayog are nominated by ___________
Answer:
The Prime Minister

Question 5.
Since, 2015, planning commission was replaced by ___________
Answer:
NITI Aayog

Question 6.
The resources needed for planning are mobilised through ___________
Answer:
taxation, domestic savings, deficit financing, etc

Question 7.
In India, planning is generally for a period of ___________
Answer:
five years

Question 8.
The period 1990 – 1992 was considered as ___________
Answer:
Plan Holiday

Question 9.
A body formed to address specific issues is called as ___________
Answer:
Regional Council

1G. Choose the wrong pair:

Question 1.

Group – ‘A’	Group-‘B’
1. Development of Agriculture	(a) 1st five-year plan
2. Growth with stability	(b) 4th five-year plan
3. Improvement in quality of life	(c) 12th five-year plan

Answer:
Wrong Pair: Improvement in quality of life – 12th five-year plan.

Question 2.

Group – ‘A’	Group – ‘B’
1. Planning Commission	(a) 1950
2. NITI Aayog	(b) 2011
3. 1st five-year plan	(c) 1951

Answer:
Wrong Pair: NITI Aayog – 2011.

1H. Choose the correct pair:

Question 1.

Group – ‘A’	Group – ‘B’
1. NITI Aayog	(a) Chairman of NITI Aayog
2. All Chief Ministers of State	(b) Plan Holiday
3. Prime Minister of India	(c) Governing Council
4. 1990-92	(d) Think Tank

Options:
(1) 1 – a, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 – b
(2) 1 – d, 2 – c, 3 – a, 4 – b
(3) 1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 – a
(4) 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – b
Answer:
Correct pair: (2) 1 – d, 2 – c, 3 – a, 4 – b

2. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustrations:

Question 1.
Vedant gets his student scholarship directly in his a/c linked with Aadhar.
Answer:
Service Delivery.
It is the important target of the 12th five-year plan. The main aim behind this policy is to prevent corruption.

Question 2.
To solve the problems of the housing society, members form a committee that discusses and solves the issues of the members.
Answer:
Think-Tank.
It is important to function of NITI Aayog to solve the problems of our country.
Think-Tank is a group of experts who are discussing and solve various problems of India.

3. Assertion and Reasoning – Choose the correct answer from the following:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) – NITI Aayog takes note of the dynamic change in the Indian economy.
Reasoning (R) – Considering the economic, social, and technological differences in underdeveloped districts, the body plans to implement various programmes and bring about economic changes.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 2.
Assertion (A) – In 1950 the government-appointed planning commission.
Reasoning (R) – After independence, India was facing the problem of poverty, unemployment, inequality, low national income, etc.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 3.
Assertion (A) – In 1950, India adopted economic planning to accelerate the rate of GDP, employment, export, etc.
Reasoning (R) – In India, the duration of economic planning is 7 years.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.

Question 4.
Assertion (A) – The NITI Aayog has been created a group of experts as a Think Tank.
Reasoning (R) – Think Tank will work on various problems and find out solutions to them.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 5.
Assertion (A) – 12th five-year plan encouraged the development of agriculture, education, etc.
Reasoning (R) – Secondary education for all by 2017.
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 6.
Assertion (A) – In 2015, the planning commission was replaced by NITI Aayog.
Reasoning (R) – To construct a strong state that will help to build a dynamic and strong nation,
(i) (A) is true but (R) is False.
(ii) (A) is false, but (R) is True.
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer:
(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

4. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Planned Economy and Unplanned Economy.
Answer:

Planned Economy	Unplanned Economy
(i) In a planned economy all economic decisions are taken by the central planning authority.	(i) In an unplanned economy all economic decisions are taken by market forces of demand and supply.
(ii) Indian economy adopted economic planning in 1950.	(ii) American economy is an unplanned economy.
(iii) Goals/objectives are predetermined.	(iii) Objectives/goals are not predetermined.
(iv) Resources are used deliberately so there is no possibility of wastage of resources.	(iv) There is a possibility of wastage of resources.

Question 2.
Objectives of 10th Plan and Objectives of 11th Plan.
Answer:

Objectives of 10th Plan	Objectives of 11th Plan
(i) The main objective of the 10th Plan was ‘transforming India into the fastest-growing economy of the world.’	(i) The main objective of the 11th plan was towards ‘rapid and more inclusive growth of Indian economy.
(ii) It proposed economic growth at the rate of 8% p.a.	(ii) It proposed economic growth at the rate of 9% p.a.
(iii) Another important aim was to improve software services, IT services, etc.	(iii) Another important aim was to reduce the disparity between rural and urban areas, improving the quality of life of people, etc.

5. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What are the targets of the 12th five-year plan for infrastructure?
Answer:
Targets for infrastructure are:

• To connect all villages of a country with all-weather roads.
• To increase rural television and telephone density to 70%.
• To increase infrastructure investment to 9% of G.D.P.
• To upgrade national and state highways to a minimum two-lane standard.
• To achieve real GDP growth rate at 8%, agriculture growth rate at 4%, and manufacturing and industrial growth rate at 10%.
• To reduce the headcount ratio of poverty by 10%.
• To create 50 million (5 crores) new work opportunities in the non-farm sector.
• To increase average years of schooling to 7 years.
• To eliminate gender and social gap in school enrollment.
• To reduce the total fertility rate to 2.1%.

Question 2.
What is Economic Planning? Give objectives of last three five-year plan.
Answer:
Economic Planning:

• Economic planning is a time-bound programme to achieve certain objectives by allocating available resources.
• In the 10th five-year plan main objective was a reduction of poverty.
• In the 11th five-year plan main objective was faster and more inclusive growth.
• In the 12th five-year plan main objective was faster, sustainable, and more inclusive growth.

Question 3.
State the pillars of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
The pillars of NITI Aayog are as follows:

• Vision Document of India
• Appraisal Document of 12th five-year Plan.
• Transforming India: Lecture series organized by NITI Aayog.
• Doubling of Farmers’ Income
• Outcome Budget and Output-Outcome Framework.
• Global Entrepreneurship Summit 2017
• Launching of Programme to transform identified aspirational districts.

Question 4.
Write a note on the ‘Think Tank’ function of NITI Aayog.
Answer:

• ‘Think-Tank’ is a group of experts who come together, to form an organisation.
• They study the various problems of an economy and try to bring solutions to solve those problems.
• It is counted under a premier policy of the Government of India.
• Its main objective is to find a shared vision of national development with the active participation of the states.
• It provides guidance to foster ‘co-operative federalism’ in the states.

6. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
No progress has been made in India in 50 years of economic planning.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.
Starting from, First Five Year Plan in 1951 to over 50 years, India has made progress in almost all spheres and is moving towards globalization in the following ways:

• There has been an expansion of industrial capacity.
• Creation of infrastructure.
• Progress in science and technology.
• Promotion of exports.
• Improvement in human quality.
• Earning foreign exchange, etc.
• Thus, we cannot say that India has made no progress since 50 years of its economic planning.

Question 2.
Planning can break the vicious circle of poverty.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

• In a developing country, poverty becomes both, the cause and effect of poverty.
• In poor or developing countries people earn less, save less, productive investment is low and so their earnings are low.
• This is called the vicious circle of poverty.
• Through economic planning, this vicious circle of poverty can be broken.
• The government through planning raises the rate of investment.
• This leads to a rise in profit, a rise in incomes and savings, and then again more investment.
• Hence, Planning can break the vicious circle of poverty.

Question 3.
The tenth Five Year Plan was completely successful.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.

• Even though the Tenth Five Year Plan could achieve certain targets like increase in growth rate, savings, investment, FDI,
• exports, etc. it has certain failures also. They are:
• Agricultural production could increase only by 25% as against the target of 4%.
• Due to the use of capital-intensive technology in production unemployment increased.
• Regional imbalances and poverty between states could not be curbed down.
• The private sector was given more importance.

Question 4.
The basic objective of economic planning in India is to bring about economic development.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

• When India got independence, it was caught in the vicious circle of poverty.
• There were many macroeconomic problems like food scarcity, illiteracy, mass communicable diseases, high mortality rate, etc.
• So economists felt that economic planning would be an ideal way to solve these problems and to achieve rapid economic development in India.

7. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
What is Economic Planning? Explain the targets of the 12th five-year plan.
Answer:
Economic planning is a time-bound programme to achieve certain objectives by allocating available resources under the control of a central planning authority.

Prof. H. D. Dickinson defines economic planning as – “Economic planning is the making of major economic decisions such as what and how much is to be produced how, when and where it is to be produced, to whom it is to be allocated, by the conscious decision of the determinate authority, on the basis of a comprehensive survey of the economy as a whole.”

12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017):
This plan emphasizes ‘Sustainable Growth’. This plan focused on the development of the manufacturing sector, agriculture, education, health, and social welfare, etc.
(i) Economic Growth:

• It aims at an average GDP growth rate of 8%.
• It seeks to achieve 4% growth in the agriculture sector.
• Every state’s average growth rate must increase as compared to the 11th plan.

(ii) Poverty and Employment:

• It aims at reducing the head-count ratio of poverty by 10%.
• Generating 50 million employment opportunities in the non-farm sector and providing skill certification.

(iii) Education:

• Eliminating gender and social gap in education.
• Secondary education for all by 2017.
• Access to higher education with reference to skill development.

(iv) Health:

• Reducing rate of infant mortality.
• Reduce total fertility rate to 2.1%
• National Family Health Survey (NFHS – 4) was conducted in 2014-2015. In NFHS-4, reduce malnutrition among the children (0-3 years) was the target.

(v) Infrastructure:

• Increase infrastructure investment to 9% of GDP.
• Achieving universal road connectivity and access to power for all villages.
• To increase electricity by adding 80,000 MW and 55,000 MW of renewable energy capacity.
• Connecting all villages with all-weather roads and upgrading national and state highways to a minimum two-lane standard.
• Modified and accelerated irrigation benefit programme.

(vi) Service Delivery:

• Provision of banking services for 90% of households in India.
• Major welfare benefits and subsidies through Aadhar card.

(vii) Environment:

• Increasing green cover by 1 million hectares every year.

8. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Passage – 1
The Finance Minister of the Central Government presents the Union Budget before the Parliament during the month of February every year. The budget, also referred to as the annual financial statement reflects the estimated receipts and expenditure of the government for a particular financial year that begins on the 1st of April and ends on 31 sc March. Changes in the tax structure are suggested in the budget. Besides this, provisions are also made for allocating expenditure on defense, education, research, and development, etc. The date for presenting the budget has been shifted to the 1st of February every year. This enables the generation of funds well in advance prior to the commencement of the financial year.

Question 1.
What is the duration of the budget?
Answer:
The budget is for one year starting from 1st April to 31st March.

Passage – 2
Access to clean cooking fuel is a huge problem in India. Especially in villages wood is used for cooking purposes. Due to this, women’s experiences headache, breathing issues, eyes and lung problems and sometimes even burnt their sarees or some part of their body. 5 lakh women lose their lives every year because of smoke emitted by the ‘Chula’. After independence, this problem was recognized, but it was difficult to eliminate at the micro/village level. The state government is a very important part of NITI Aayog. They are implementing national policies at the village, district, and state levels.

In Uttar Pradesh. Ballia district was selected by the various experts for clean cooking fuel. It was a huge scheme in terms of the scale of implementation. Dineshwar Giri (Village Pradhan), Ashutosh Jindal (IAS), Dharmendra Pradhan (Minister of state for petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India), S.T. Sathiavageeswaran (Executive director information system in HPLL), C. S. Chakrabarty (Chief General Manager (IOCL)) have given their huge contribution to make this Yojna a grand success. This Yojna was worked from the bottom level.

Cylinder providers were also supposed to fillup form for the LPG receivers on the ‘Collect App’ which work perfectly in offline scenario and it is in many languages. More than 2 crores gas connection have been made in time less than 11 months. Out of 80 million (8 crores) women targeted,72 million have received the benefits and 10,000 new LPG centers were established and 80 billion was the scheme funding. Data was collected and analyzed with 100% accuracy which resulted in success to a great extent. After receiving LPG connections, the women realized their life could also be happy and easy.

Question 1.
Which Yojana is being highlighted in the above case study?
Answer:
Pradhan Mantri Ujjala Yojana(PMUY).

Question 2.
Why was the Pradhan Mantri Ujjala Yojana (PMUY) successful?
Answer:
In NITI Aayog, policies are implemented from center to state and state to center.
It is implemented at the micro-level or village level by involving all the experts and ministers related to the problem. Data were collected from villages and analyzed with 100% accuracy which resulted in success to a great extent.

Question 3.
How did the Ujjala Yojana succeed in Ballia District?
Answer:
Out of 80 million women targeted, 72 million have received the benefit and 10,000 new LPG centers were established and 80 billion was the scheme funding, within the 4 years.

Question 4.
From which state of India in the above case study.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

Question 5.
What problems did the women face due to the absence of LPG connection?
Answer:
Women were facing many health issues like headaches, eyes and lung issues, breathing problems, burnt their sarees or body part, etc.

Question 6.
What did the women feel after receiving the LPG connection?
Answer:
After receiving an LPG connection, the women realized that their life could also be happy and easy.

Question 7.
Write the name of experts involved in this Yojana.
Answer:
Ashutosh Jindal (IAS), Dharmendra Pradhan (Minister of State for Petroleum and Natural Gas), S.T Sathiavageeswaran (Executive Director, HPCL), C.S. Chakrabarty [Chief General Manager (IOCL)].

Passage – 3
The planning commission of India introduced decentralized planning in the country for the first time during the 7th five-year plan. From the 1st five-year plan, India adopted centralized planning with little variation. In 2014, NITI, Aayog was introduced in which decentralized planning was playing a very important role. Decentralized planning means, where the decision-making in the planning process has been reversed from top to bottom type to a system of the bottom to top type. The decentralized planning is at the grassroots level or planning from below.

In India, the planning process has many tiers as the center, state, district, subdivision, block, and village. In decentralized planning, emphasis has been given to the introduction of district planning, sub-divisional planning and block-level planning, and village-level planning. In India, Governmental activities till 2014 are being performed from central to states and then to local that is to the district level (panchayat amenities) and village level (Gram Panchayat). But the major problem of centralized planning was the lack of optimum utilization of resources. Thus, India adopted decentralized planning by replacing Planning Commission in January 2015.

Question 1.
Which planning was adopted in India since 1st five-year plan?
Answer:
India adopted centralized planning since 1st five-year plan.

Question 2.
What is decentralized planning?
Answer:
In decentralized planning, the decision-making process has been reversed from top to bottom type to a system of the bottom to top.

Question 3.
Give the names of various tiers of the planning commission.
Answer:
It has many tiers like center, state, district, subdivision, block, and village.

Question 4.
Match the following.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(i) District level	(a) Gram Panchayat
(ii) Taluka level	(b) Zilla Parishad
(iii) Village level	(c) Panchyat Samities

Answer:
(1) – b, (2) – c, (3) – a.

Question 5.
What is the major problem in centralized planning?
Answer:
In centralized planning, resources are not being optimally utilized. There is a wastage of resources at a high level.

Question 6.
When did India adopt decentralized planning?
Answer:
India adopted decentralized planning in the year 2015.

9. Observe the following chart and answer the following:

Question 1.
Who is the chairman of NITI Aayog?
Answer:
Prime Minister.

Question 2.
Who nominates the Vice-chairman and CEO of NITI Aayog.
Answer:
Prime Minister.

Question 3.
What is the part of Councils?
Answer:
Governing Council and Regional Council are the part of councils.

Question 4.
Which ministers are selected as Ex-officio members?
Answer:
Union ministers are selected as Ex-officio members.

Question 5.
How many full-time and part-time members are required?
Answer:
Full times – 5 members and part-time – 2 members.