Class 9

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 3.1 Silver Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 3.1 Silver

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 3.1 Silver Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Question 1.
Imagine that your class has to be divided into groups or houses. Each house will have their own colour, symbol/emblem, motto, dress code, a common room with objects of their interest and suitable furniture. Think of sets of four names for the groups. Form groups and work out the (imaginary) details for each set. Some suggestions are : Neem – Colour, yellow; Symbol, the sun; Motto, ‘Health is wealth’; Dress code, yellow waist belt; etc. Cane furniture, green and yellow curtains and herbariums in the common room.

Answer:
Example:

1. House name – Banyan
2. Colour – Green
3. Symbol – the Moon
4. Flower – Sunflower
5. Season – Summer
6. Metal – Copper
7. Dress Code – Scarf with ‘Save the Environment’ slogan on it
8. Special interests – Activities dealing with Environmental Pollution
9. Motto – Save the Environment.

2. Read the lines of the following poem. Guess and fill in suitable words to make the lines rhyme:

Question 1.
Read the lines of the following poem. Guess and fill in suitable words to make the lines rhyme :
Answer:
Golden Glow:

Soon after dawn, rises the sun;
It wakes and enlivens every one.
It scares away the long, dark night.
The shining stars go out of sight.
From tree to tree birds flit and fly.
Searching for food, with a sharp eye.
The buds that open now show their colour,
As flowers they dance with beauty and splendour.
The hill slope wears a grassy green dress,
The curved sparkling river, it gold possess.
The cock then crows to give a loud call,
Come on! wake up, folks! One and all.
I, then wake up, ‘Good Morning’ to say,
Let’s all look forward to a golden day.

English Workshop:

Question 1.
If you were asked to draw a detailed picture of the scene described in the poem, what objects, animals, natural features, etc. will you show in the picture? Make a list.
Answer:
I would show the following in my picture : moon, trees, fruits, the night sky, a house with a thatched roof, a dog in a kennel, doves in their dovecotes, a mouse, a stream, fish and reeds.

Question 2.
Write the rhyming words and rhyme scheme of the poem.
Answer:
Rhyming words are : moon – shoon, sees – trees, catch – thatch, log – dog, peep – sleep, by – eye, gleam – stream. The rhyme scheme is aa, bb, cc, and so on in rhyming couplets.

Question 3.
Underline the word silver/silvery in the poem. In what lines does it occur? What pattern S does it show?
Ans.
The word silver/silvery occurs in the second | line of every couplet. It shows a pattern of repetition for pleasing effect. (A couplet is a pair of successive lines of verse, which are usually of the same length, and rhyme.)

Question 4.
Can you think of a parallel scene of dawn or evening when everything is steeped in golden light?
Answer:
Yes, I can think of a seaside scene, with the setting sun throwing golden light over everything.

Question 5.
The same landscape appears different at different times. What message can we draw from this?
Answer:
The landscape changes according to the light from the sky. In this poem, the poet makes us look at ordinary moonlight in a different way. The message we can draw from this is how, in different situations, we might perceive the same scene completely differently.

Question 6.
Read ‘The Listeners’ and ‘Someone’ – poems by Walter de la Mare.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 3.1 Silver Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Which of the objects, animals, etc. mentioned in the poem are at rest without any motion?
Answer:
1. The objects that are at rest without any motion : trees, casements, thatch, kennel, cote, water.
2. The animals that are at rest without any motion : dog, doves, fish.

Complex Factual Activities.

Question 1.
How has the harvest mouse been described?
Answer:
The moonlight reflects on the eye and claws of the harvest mouse, making them look silvery. The mouse is running somewhere quickly.

Question 2.
How has the poet described the scene near the stream?
Answer:
The stream is gleaming with silver light. The fish in the stream are motionless and shining. There are silver reeds near the stream.

Question 3.
The poet has described a countryside scene. What tells you this?
Answer:
The poet talks about the moonlight falling on fruits, trees, thatched houses, a dog in the kennel, doves, a harvest mouse, reeds and streams with fish. All this will be present only in the countryside and not in cities.

Activities based on Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Explain the figure of speech ‘Personification’ j in the first two lines.
Answer:
In these lines, the moon is personified. She is i given the human quality of walking in her silver shoes.

Question 2.
Give one example of Alliteration from the poem.
Ans.
‘By silver reeds in a silver stream.’ The sound of the letter ‘s’ is repeated.

Appreciation of Poem.

Note: The point format given in Appreciation of Poem is for easy understanding. However, it is to be written in the form of a paragraph in the examination.

Point Format(for understanding).

1. Title: Silver
2. Poet: Walter de la Mare
3. Rhyme Scheme: aa, bb, and so on (rhyming couplets).
4. Figures of Speech: Personification. ‘This way and that she peers and sees’. The moon is given the human quality of peering this way and that. The other figures of speech are Alliteration and Repetition.
5. Theme/Central idea: The poet describes the magical effects of the silvery moonlight on the countryside at night, and shows a beautiful and | peaceful scene of the countryside at night under the moonlight.

Paragraph Format:

The poem ‘Silver’ is written by Walter de la Mare.

The rhyme scheme is aa, bb and so on. The poem is in rhyming couplets, i.e., two lines rhyming with each other. Personification is a Figure of Speech used by the poet: ‘This way and that she peers and sees’. The moon is given the human quality of peering this way and that. The other figures of speech are Alliteration and Repetition.

In this poem the poet describes the magical effects of the silvery moonlight on the countryside at night. Everything turns silver. The poem also shows a beautiful and peaceful scene of the countryside at night under the moonlight and gives a clear word picture of the different animals and objects reflecting the moonlight.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 3.4 How the First Letter was Written Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 3.4 How the First Letter was Written

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 3.4 How the First Letter was Written Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. List the materials that man used for the following purposes in the different ages:

Question 1.
List the materials that man used for the following purposes in the different ages:

Answer:

2. Write your name in bold capitals.

Question 2.
Write your name in bold capitals.
(a) Now, within 3 minutes try to make as many words as you can using the letters in your name. You cannot use the same letter twice in a word, unless It Is so In your name.
(b) You may use the above Idea to devise a game with your friends.
Answer:
(An example is given below.)
Name: Sandeep Joshi
Words: deep, seep, pane, pain, heap, sheep. etc.

3. List words from your mother tongue or from Hindi which do not have an exact English equivalent. Try to write their meaning in English.

Question 1.
List words from your mother tongue or from Hindi which do not have an exact English equivalent. Try to write their meaning in English.

4. Now, list at least twenty English words which do not have an exact equivalent in your mother tongue.

Question 1.
Now, list at least twenty English words which do not have an exact equivalent in your mother tongue.

5. Browse the internet to find names of people/ places, etc. in any language that is not familiar to you.

Question 1.
Browse the internet to find names of people/ places, etc. in any language that is not familiar to you. Can you pronounce the names correctly? How will you find the correct pronunciation? (An example is given below.)
Answer:
1. Names of people: The name Xi in Chinese is pronounced as ‘she’ and the English name ‘Sean’ is pronounced as ‘Shawn’.
2. Name/es of place/es: The name of a town ‘Muvattupuzhe’ in Kerala is not pronounced the way it is written. The last three letters are pronounced as ‘rh’ with a roll of the tongue. I will get the information from the net or ask people when I want to know the correct pronunciation of names or places.

English Workshop:

1. Read the remaining part of the original story.

2. Make as many 5 – 8 letter words as you can within five minutes from the name:

Question 1.
Make as many 5 – 8 letter words as you can within five minutes from the name: Teshumai Tewindrow: (A few examples have been given. Students can more words)

Answer:

Five-letter words	Six-letter words	Seven-letter words	Eight-letter words
drawn, shore, sword	window, wander, estate	shutter, smatter, maestro	estimate, minutest, meditate

3. How do the following characters in the story live up to their names? Provide points from the story:

Question a.
Tegumai Bopsulai:
Answer:
The meaning of Tegumai is Man-who-does- not-put-his-foot-forward-in-a-hurry. He lived up to his name when he showed patience in mending his spear and did not just rush off home or send Taffy back to get another spear. He also did not ask Taffy too many questions about what she had been doing when he was busy repairing his spear, or about her conversation with the Stranger-man. He was patient and cautious.

Question b.
Taffimai Metallumai:
Answer:
The meaning of Taffimai is Small-person- without-any-manners-who-ought-to-be-spanked. She lived up to her name in the way in which she ordered the stranger ‘Come here’, stamped her foot and called him silly. She wanted the stranger to do her bidding and she succeeded in it. She pulled off the shark’s tooth from his necklace without his permission. She would not tell her father what she had done and she wanted him to promise to be surprised. This was a silly thing to do but he did it.

Question c.
Teshumai Tewindrow :
Answer:
The meaning of Teshumai is Lady-who-asks- very-many-questions. Though she did not ask many questions, she talked and shouted continuously at the poor stranger. She drew wrong conclusions and she spoke continuously to her friends telling them all that she had understood from Taffy’s drawing.

4. The story is written in an informal, colloquial style – the way it would be told orally. Find and write expressions where the author addresses the audience directly in the story. for example, ‘but we, O Best Beloved, will…….’, ‘Now attend and listen!’

Question 1.
The story is written in an informal, colloquial style – the way it would be told orally. Find and write expressions where the author addresses the audience directly in the story. for example, ‘but we, O Best Beloved, will…….’, ‘Now attend and listen!’
Answer:
Expression: ‘He did this, Best Beloved’.

5. Write the character sketch of the ‘Stranger- man’ using examples from the story to support the following attributes:

Question 1.
Write the character sketch of the ‘Stranger- man’ using examples from the story to support the following attributes:
a. ignorant, innocent and polite
b. calm and cool
c. jumps to wrong conclusions
d. hasty and unwise at times
Answer:
The ‘Stranger-man’ was a very simple and ignorant person. He was so innocent and ignorant that he thought that Tegumai was a great tribal chief merely because he ignored him. He was polite enough to disregard Tegumai’s rudeness in ignoring him. He admired every action of Taffy’s, drawing his own wrong conclusions from them. He did not even object when Taffy pulled the shark’s tooth from his necklace.

He again jumped to wrong conclusions when he saw Taffy’s drawing, and without even waiting to consult Tegumai he rushed off to do Taffy’s bidding. This was very unwise of him, because Taffy’s mother drew her own wrong conclusions from the drawing. He was cool, calm and polite when he met Teshumai, even though he was tired, his legs were scratched with brambles and Teshumai was rude to him.

6. Note the punctuation used in the story. Here, single inverted commas or quotation marks have been used to show conservation. Rewrite the following sentences using double quotation marks:

Question 1.
Note the punctuation used in the story. Here, single inverted commas or quotation marks have been used to show conservation. Rewrite the following sentences using double quotation marks:
1. ‘Here’s a pretty kettle of fish!’ said Tegumai.
2. ‘It will take me half the day to mend this.’
Answer:
1. “Here’s a pretty kettle of fish!” said Tegumai.
2. “It will take me half the day to mend this.”

7. Underline the main clauses in the following sentences:

Question 1.
Underline the main clauses in the following sentences:
(a) And she was Tegumai Bopsulai’s Best Beloved and lier own Mummy’s Best Beloved, and she was not spanked half as much as was good for her, and they were all three very happy.
(b) One-day Tegumai Bopsulai went down through the beaver-swamp to the Wagai river to spear carp-fish for dinner, and Taffy went too.
(c) They were miles and miles from home and Tegumai had forgotten to bring any extra spears.
(d) Just then a Stranger-man came along the river, but he belonged to a far tribe, the Tewaras, and he did not understand one word of Tegumai’s language.

8. Imagine Taffy comes to you for help to write a letter of apology in the modem script we use. She wants to express her regret to the Stranger – man for her mother’s action. Write that letter of apology (informal) on her behalf.

Question 1.
Imagine Taffy comes to you for help to write a letter of apology in the modem script we use. She wants to express her regret to the Stranger – man for her mother’s action. Write that letter of apology (informal) on her behalf.
Answer:
Neolithic Cave
Bopsu Forest
Rassamalai
28th July, 2020

Dear Stranger-man Uncle,

I am Taffy, the girl who gave you the drawing on the birch-bark two days back and sent you to my Mummy with it.

When we reached home that day, Mummy told me j that you had come with the birch-bark. She also told me what she had understood from my drawing, and how she had treated you. I was really horrified.

Stranger-man Uncle, I am really very sorry for what happened to you. I did not know that Mummy would misunderstand my drawing and beat you up. Please i accept my apology. See, I am not spoilt like people say. I am sorry for what happened. I will learn to write j properly so that such things do not happen again.

From a sorry little girl,
Taffy.

9. Imagine the Stranger-man narrates how the Neolithic ladies overpowered him. Write an account of the same, making him the narrator.

Question 1.
Imagine the Stranger-man narrates how the Neolithic ladies overpowered him. Write an account of the same, making him the narrator.
Answer:
I reached the cave and saw the little girl’s mother standing there with some other women. I recognized her immediately, for she looked very much like the little girl. Relieved, I handed over the birch-bark to her. I thought that she would immediately call upon the other members of the tribe to go to the Chiefs help but she did nothing of the sort.

She screamed something to the other ladies, and they immediately pounced on me and flattened me. I was caught completely unawares, and thrown onto the ground. Those heavy and strong ladies sat on my back to prevent me from escaping. The little girl’s mother began shouting and pulling my hair. I wonder why they are doing all this, instead of helping their poor Chief?

10. Making suitable groups, convert the entire episode into a short skit and write it down. Each group leader must discuss it with the others and add a different end to the skit:

Question 1.
Making suitable groups, convert the entire episode into a short skit and write it down. Each group leader must discuss it with the others and add a different end to the skit:
1. Happy ending
2. Sad ending
3. Surprise ending
4. Humorous ending
Answer:
(Tegumai Bopsulai accidentally broke his spear while fishing. He had forgotten to bring any extra spears, and mending the broken spear would take him half a day.)

• Tegumai Bopsulai: Oh, no! It will take me half a day to mend this!
• Taffy: I’ll run back to the cave and ask Mummy to give your big black spear.
• Tegumai Bopsulai: It’s too far, daughter, and you may fall into the beaver-swamp. I’ll try to mend this.
  (Tegumai settles down to mend the spear. A Stranger-man comes along and Taffy begins to talk to him.)
• Taffy: Do you know where my Mummy lives? Oh! I see! You want my Mummy’s living address? Well, I can’t write, but I can draw pictures if I have something sharp. Please lend me the shark’s tooth off, your necklace.

(Taffy pulls at the necklace. The Stranger-man was already in awe of Taffy and afraid of her father. He is even more impressed when she pulls at the shark’s tooth and comes to no harm, for the sharks’ tooth was supposed to be a magic one, which would make the person touching it swell up or burst.)
(The beginning lines have been given. Students can complete the skit in the same format in groups, changing the ending.)

11. Write a short passage/essay on ‘Women Power’ in the Neolithic, Medieval and Present times.

Question 1.
Write a short passage/essay on ‘Women Power’ in the Neolithic, Medieval and Present times.
Answer:
‘Women Power’ – in Neolithic, Medieval and Present times

The position of women in society and the power they wield has changed through the ages. During the Neolithic Age, women spent their days gathering berries, roots, nuts, etc. They also gathered materials to make pots and weapons. Women stayed on the home front and looked after the children, but were thought to be equal to men. The men hunted and brought home the food. Later on, with the start of agriculture, women also began to farm and weave cloth.

Medieval society, however, was patriarchal, Women were to fall under male control, and regardless of class women had to submit to the male head of her household. Rural women had many domestic responsibilities, like caring for the children, preparing food and tending livestock. They also had to lend a hand in other household activities like grinding, brewing and spinning. During harvest time,, women often helped their husbands in the field to bring in the crops. However, slowly women were increasingly relegated to low-paying tasks like spinning. They suffered a lot of criticism, lacked freedom and stood nowhere next to men.

Today, around the world, women’s status in each society and culture varies. In some societies, women’s status improved gradually, while in other, it has declined or remained unchanged. This is due to the major changes that have taken place in areas such as legislations, education, employment, awareness of their rights on the part of women, etc. In some societies, women have emerged as major political leaders, statesmen, doctors, lawyers, etc. In some places, she is still subjected to inhuman cruelty, sexual exploitation, domestic violence, etc.

12. Read: ‘Just so stories’ and ‘The Jungle Book’ by Rudyard Kipling.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 3.4 How the First Letter was Written Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Complete the following statements: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. One-day Tegumai Bopsulai went down through the beaver swamp to the Wagai river.
2. Tegumai’s spear was made of wood with shark’s teeth at the end.
3. He accidentally broke it clean across.
4. Tegumai had forgotten to bring any extra spears.

Complex Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Who is the author telling the story to?
Answer:
The author is telling us the story.

Question 2.
Write three things about Tegumal.
Answer:
Tegumal wore very few clothes. He couldn’t read and write and he lived a happy life, except when he was hungry.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give one word for the meaning of each of the following names:
Answer:

1. Tegurnal Bopsulal
2. Teshumai Tewindrow
3. Taffimal Metallumai

OR

Question 2.
Complete the following table.
Answer:

Names	Meanings	One word for meanings
1. Tegumai Bopsulai	Man who does not put his foot forward in a hurry	cautious
2. Teshumai Tewindrow	Lady who asks a very many questions	curious/ inquisitive
3. Taffimai Metallumai	Small person without any manners who ought to be spanked	spoilt

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Do you like reading books or seeing films about primitive/prehistoric/Neolithic human beings and how they evolved?
Answer:
No, I don’t. I am very much a modern person and I wish to know how to do better in today’s environment. I like modern technology and the comforts it offers. Though I do like to understand evolution, I am not very interested in it.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Complete the diagram: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Complex Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Why had Taffy stamped her foot?
Answer:
Taffy stamped her foot because she saw a shoal of very big carp going up the river just when her father couldn’t use his spear.

Activity-based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Give the meanings of the following expressions and use them in sentences of your own :
1. a pretty kettle of fish
2. make the best of a bad job
Answer:
1. a pretty kettle of fish : a messy situation.
Sentence: “What a pretty kettle of fish!” exclaimed the old man when he saw the ruined house.
2. make the best of a bad job: do something as well as one can under difficult circumstances.

Sentence: When he found that he had broken the switch while repairing it, he tried to make the best of a bad job by taping it together.

Personal Response.

Question 1.
What is your opinion of Taffy?
Answer:
Taffy was smart and wanted to help her father. She felt no shyness or fear when she saw the stranger and did not think twice before speaking to him. She was upset when she saw that her father was losing a big catch because his spear had broken at the wrong time.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Write whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. Tegumai did not speak to the stranger because he was busy – True
2. The stranger was impressed with Taffy – True
3. Taffy wanted the stranger to help her father repair his spear – False
4. Taffy could read and write well – False

Complex Factual Activity.

Question 1.
What did the stranger make of Taffy’s stamping her foot?
Answer:
The stranger thought that Taffy was a very wonderful child because she stamped her foot at him and made faces.

Question 2.
Why did the stranger offer Taffy a big piece of birch-bark?
Answer:
The stranger offered Taffy a big piece of birch-bark to show that his heart was as white as the birch-bark and that he meant no harm.

Activities based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Write the antonyms of the following from the passage :

1. idle
2. fake
3. rudely
4. humble

Answer:

1. idle × busy
2. fake × genuine
3. rudely × politely
4. humble × haughty.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar.

Question 1.
Your legs are longer than mine. (Rewrite using the positive degree of comparison.)
Answer:
My legs are not as long as yours.

Question 2.
“Don’t bother grown-ups,” said Tegumai to Taffy. (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
Tegumai ordered Taffy not to bother grown-ups.

Personal Response.

Question 1.
What do you think about the stranger?
Answer:
The stranger seems to be very simple and foolish. He cannot understand Taffy’s body language and the non-verbal communication. He interprets Tegumai’s behavior too in the wrong manner. He seems to be in awe of Tegumai and Taffy, thinking that Tegumai is a haughty chief.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Name the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The necklace was made of this: bead and seed and shark-tooth.
2. This was what Taffy drew first: her father fishing.
3. She wanted the stranger to fetch this: the black-handled spear.
4. This is what Taffy drew with: the shark’s tooth.

Complex Factual Activities.

Question 1.
Why did the stranger’s admiration for Taffy grow?
Answer:
The shark’s tooth on the stranger’s necklace was a magic shark’s tooth. He had been told that if anybody touched it without his permission, that person would immediately swell up and burst. Taffy had touched it without his permission, but she hadn’t swollen up or burst. This made the stranger’s admiration for Taffy grow.

Question 2.
Is Taffy’s drawing realistic? In how many ways does it fail to show the real picture?
Answer:
Taffy’s drawing is not at all realistic. It does not show the true picture of Tegumai. The black-handled spear, which Taffy wanted the stranger to fetch, looked as if it was sticking in Tegumai’s back. Her hair was standing up in the picture, which it didn’t in real life. The stranger, who was nice, was not depicted as being ‘pretty’.

Activity-based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B:
Answer:

A	B
1. wonderful	(a) spear
2. magic	(b) child
3. beautiful	(c) tooth
4. black-handled	(d) pictures

Answer:

1. wonderful – child
2. magic – tooth
3. beautiful – pictures
4. black-handled – spear.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar.

Question 1.
1.The Stranger-man didn’t say anything.
2. You mustn’t joggle.
Answer:
1. The Stranger-man remained silent.
2. You must refrain from joggling.

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Who does the author refer to when he says ‘some people’?
Answer:
When he says ‘some people’ he means the city dwellers of the modern age. The author has created a humorous mixture of the past and the present.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Complete the flow-chart: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Complex Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Is Taffy’s drawing realistic? In how many ways does it fail to show the real picture?
Answer:
Taffy’s drawing is not realistic. She had put the spear in the stranger’s hands, when he did not have any spear. The beavers did not look like beavers and only the heads could be seen. The cave looked as high as the hills, which it was not. The spear was actually inside the cave but she had drawn it outside the cave.

Activities based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Write:
1. ‘fended’ and
2. ‘splain’ with their proper spellings.
Answer:
1. offended
2. explain.

Question 2.
Pick out four adverbs from the passage.
Answer:
very, hard, scratchily, really, quite, inside, etc.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar.

Question 1.
Rewrite the sentences correctly:
1. She is the most beautifullest Mummy there ever was.
2. She’ll be pleased of me.
Answer:
1. She is the most beautiful Mummy there ever was.
2. She’ll be pleased with me.

Do as directed.

Question 1.
The cave isn’t as high as the hills. (Rewrite using the comparative form of the adjective.)
Answer:
The hills are higher than the cave.

Question 2.
I haven’t put in all the beavers. (Rewrite beginning ‘All the beavers …
Answer:
All the beavers haven’t been put in (by me).

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Do you think that giving clear directions to someone, narrating an incident clearly, etc. is important?
Answer:
Yes, it is. If your directions are not clear, people may land up at a different place, or do something completely different from what you intend. If a story or an incident is not narrated logically, people may get confused or bored.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Complete the following statements: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The Stranger-man looked at the picture and nodded very hard.
2. The Stranger-man raced off into the bushes like the wind.
3. Tegumai had mended his spear and was carefully waving it to and fro.
4. “It’s a little berangement of my own, Daddy dear,” said Taffy.

Complex Factual Activities.

Question 1.
How did the stranger interpret Taffy’s drawing?
Answer:
When the stranger looked at Taffy’s drawing, he thought that the beavers she had drawn were the Chiefs enemies who were coming up from all sides with spears. According to the stranger, the Chief was afraid that his enemies were hiding in the bushes and would see him. Therefore he had turned his back on the stranger and let Taffy draw a picture showing his difficulties. This was the stranger’s interpretation of Taffy’s drawing.

Question 2.
What mistaken notions made the stranger race off like the wind?
Answer:
After looking at the picture, the stranger thought that Tegumai would be slain by his enemies who were coming up from all sides with spears. Hence he raced off to get help for him from his tribe.

Activities based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Write the noun forms of:
1. wise
2. pleased
Answer:
1. wise – wisdom
2. pleased – pleasure.

Question 2.
Write the adjective forms of:
1. feared
2. picture
Answer:
1. feared – fearful/fearless/feared
2. picture – picturesque/pictorial.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar.

Question 1.
Pick out the adjectives in the following sentences:
1. He let the wise and wonderful child draw the terrible picture.
2. Now I see why the great Chief pretended not to notice me!
Answer:
1. wise, wonderful, terrible
2. great

Question 2.
Pick out the adverbs in the following sentences:
1. The stranger nodded very hard.
2. He was carefully waving his spear.
Answer:
1. very, hard
2. carefully

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Is it possible to promise that one will be surprised?
Answer:
No, it is not possible. Surprise is a spontaneous and not a pre-planned emotion. If one promises such a thing then one is prepared for it and will not be surprised. This is a promise one can make to a small child.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Number the sentences according to their occurrence in the story: (The answers are given directly.)
Answer:

1. The Neolithic ladies sat on the stranger. [3]
2. The stranger ran for some miles. [1]
3. Teshumai pulled his hair. [4]
4. He found Teshumai at the door of her cave. [2]

Complex Factual Activities.

Question 1.
What was the stranger’s impression of Teshumai Tewindrow?
Answer:
The stranger thought that Taffy was very like Teshumai Tewindrow, especially about the upper part of the face and the eyes.

Question 2.
What terrible message had Taffy’s drawing conveyed to her Mummy?
Answer:
Taffy’s drawing conveyed the message that the stranger had stuck Tegumai full of spears and frightened Taffy so that her hair stood all on end. Teshumai thought that Tegumai’s arm was broken and he had a spear sticking into his back. She also thought that there was a man with a spear ready to throw, another man throwing a spear from a cave and a whole lot of people coming up behind Tegumai.

Activities based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Point out two humorous expressions from ‘all the Neolithic ladies sitting patiently on the Stranger-man’.
Answer:
Two humorous expressions:

1. all the Neolithic ladies
2. sitting patiently.

Question 2.
Pick out expressions that show you that this story took place in ancient times.
Answer:
Expressions:

1. Neolithic ladies
2. Primitive lunch.

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar.

Question 1.
Pick out the verbs in the following sentences and state their tense :
1. He had run hard so that he panted.
2. He has stuck my Tegumai all full of spears.
Answer:
1. had run – past perfect tense panted- simple past tense.
2. has stuck – present perfect tense.

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Did you enjoy reading the story? Write down one message it conveyed to you.
Answer:
Yes, I enjoyed the story. The message it conveyed was that if one does not communicate properly and clearly, it can lead to a lot of misunderstandings.

Simple Activities.

Question 1.
Write two compound words from the lesson.
Answer:
fireplace, drawing-room

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘to and fro’
Answer:
The old woman ran to and fro in search of her son.

Question 3.
Spot the error and correct the sentence: He done this to show that his heart was as white as the birch-bark.
Answer:
He did this to show that his heart was as white as the birch-bark.

Question 4.
Pick out a present participle/gerund/ infinitive from this sentence and use it in your own sentence: That’s the spear I want you to fetch.
Answer:
to fetch-infinitive.
Sentence: The poor little girl was told to fetch water from the well.

Question 5.
Identify the type of sentence:
Please lend me the shark’s tooth off your necklace.
Answer:
Imperative sentence

Question 6.
Form the present and past participle from a verb in the lesson in which the last letter is doubled.
Answer:
slip – slipped, slipping

Question 7.
Punctuate the following:
I cant make you pretty in the picture so you musnt be offended
Answer:
I can’t make you pretty in the picture, so you musn’t be offended.

Medium-Level Activities.

Question 1.
Use the word ‘hair’ and its homophone in two separate sentences :
Answer:
a. The hare rushed away when it saw the jackal.
b. The actress coloured her hair red.

Question 2.
“Don’t bother me,” said Tegumai to Taffy. (Rewrite using indirect speech.)
Answer:
Tegumai instructed Taffy not to bother him.

Question 3.
Teshumai was talking to some other ladies. (Use the present continuous tense of the verb.)
Answer:
Teshumai is talking to some other ladies.

Question 4.
The birch-bark was handed to Teshumai by the Stranger-Man. (Change the voice, beginning ‘The Stranger-Man’.)
Answer:
The Stranger-man handed the birch-bark to Teshumai.

Challenging Activities.

Question 1.
He stood on the bank and smiled at Taffy. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)
Answer:
Standing on the bank, he smiled at Taffy.

Question 2.
She is the most beautiful mother. (Make it comparative.)
Answer:
She is more beautiful than all other mothers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 1.4 Have you thought of the verb ‘have’ … Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 1.4 Have you thought of the verb ‘have’ …

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 1.4 Have you thought of the verb ‘have’ … Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Add sentences to those given in the passage to illustrate the uses of ‘have’ :

(a) To show possession
(b) To indicate relationship
(c) To refer to eating/drinking
(d) To show ownership
(e) To refer to events, activities and experiences
(f) To refer to a physical condition

Question 1.
Add sentences to those given in the passage to illustrate the uses of ‘have’ :
Answer:
(a) To show possession :

1. I have a new motorcycle.
2. The children have identical school bags,
3. My neighbour has three dogs.

(b) To indicate relationship :

1. I have a sister in Holland.
2. Do you have any siblings?
3. I have an aunt who is a singer.

(c) To refer to eating/drinking :

1. We usually have dinner at eight o’clock.
2. May I have that last piece of cake?
3. Have some juice if you are thirsty.

(d) To show ownership :

1. Our building has two lifts.
2. The company has two manufacturing units.
3. They have retail outlets throughout the country.

(e) To refer to events, activities and experiences :

1. We had a wonderful time at the picnic.
2. They have a funfair in their building every month.
3. Our children had a drawing exam yesterday.

(f) To refer to a physical condition :

1. My friend had fever last night.
2. My mother has a toothache quite often.
3. I have a broken nail which is painful.

2. Look up the following verbs in a good dictionary. List at least 20 different uses of each. You may include their use with different prepositions, adverbs or in idioms.

Question 1.
Look up the following verbs in a good dictionary. List at least 20 different uses of each. You may include their use with different prepositions, adverbs or in idioms.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 3.3 The Road Not Taken Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 3.3 The Road Not Taken

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 3.3 The Road Not Taken Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. After your SSC Exams/Result you may have to take a decision regarding the choice of a career. What factors will you consider? Choose from the block below and complete the web-diagram.

1. Is the option easy/difficult?
2. Your capability
3. Your likes/dislikes
4. Friends’ decision
5. Parents’ profession
6. Your skills/inborn talents
7. Study the ‘Job Profile’ carefully
8. Easy money
9. Possible difficulties
10. Your ultimate aim

2. Form pairs or groups of four. Think of the situations when you have to choose between two things. Make a list of those situations. Then:

Question a.
Discuss how to decide what to choose.
Answer:
Points: ask parents – teachers – read articles – speak to others – think carefully, etc.

Question b.
Write what you feel when your decision proves right.
Answer:
Points: happy – confident, etc.

Question c.
Write what you feel when you regret the decision.
Answer:
Points: unhappy – depressed – courageous, loss of confidence, etc.)

English Workshop:

1. Read the poem again. Does it have a uniform rhyme scheme throughout?

Question 1.
Read the poem again. Does it have a uniform rhyme scheme throughout? Write down the rhyme scheme of every stanza separately.

1. 1st stanza ……………….
2. 2nd stanza ……………..
3. 3rd stanza ………………
4. 4th stanza ………………

Answer:

1. 1st stanza – abaab
2. 2nd stanza – abaab
3. 3rd stanza – abaab
4. 4th stanza – abaab

2. Write the symbols that are used in the poem to represent the following ideas:

Question 1.
Write the symbols that are used in the poem to represent the following ideas: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
a. Choice of two options ………………….
b. I made a rare choice ……………………
c. Equally good options ……………………
d. It was tempting and needed to be tried …………….
e. Some other time ……………………
Answer:
a. Choice of two options: two roads diverged.
b. I made a rare choice: I took the one less travelled by.
c. Equally good options: just as fair.
d. It was tempting and needed to be tried: It was grassy and wanted wear.
e. Some other time: Another day.

3. Rearrange the following facts in the proper order and fill in the flow chart.

Question 1.
Rearrange the following facts in the proper order and fill in the flow chart.

a. He chooses the one barely travelled.
b. Choosing the lesser-used road has made a great difference.
c. He observed one, as far as he could.
d. The traveller came to a fork in the road.
e. He planned to travel along the previous one some other time.
Answer:

4. Think and write in your own words.

Question a.
In which season does a greenwood turn j to a yellow wood? Which stage in our life can be compared to that season?
Answer:
A greenwood turns to a yellow wood in j autumn. The stage in our life that can be compared to that season is middle age.

Question b.
Why does the traveller choose the road less travelled? What attribute of the traveller does it bring out?
Answer:
The traveller chooses the road less travelled because it seemed just as good as the other one and I
he felt it needed to be used. The traveller seems to be adventurous. He has an independent mind and does not want to follow what others have done.

Question c.
Why does the traveller doubt that he shall ever come back?
Answer:
The traveller feels that he will be so busy in his life with one thing leading to another, that he may not be ever able to come back.

Question d.
If you were in the traveller’s place, which road would you choose? Justify your choice.
Answer:
If I were in the traveller’s place, I would choose the road that was more travelled. I would not want to go on a strange road which many have not travelled by. I am not adventurous. I feel that there is safety in doing what others are doing or have done.

5. From any collection of classic poetry or the internet, find another famous poem by Robert Frost titled ‘Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening’. Try to understand the symbolism used in that poem in 8-10 lines.

Question 1.
From any collection of classic poetry or the internet, find another famous poem by Robert Frost titled ‘Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening’. Try to understand the symbolism used in that poem in 8-10 lines.

6. Write a letter to your friend or cousin telling him/her about a difficult choice you have recently made.

Question 1.
Write a letter to your friend or cousin telling him/her about a difficult choice you have recently made. Tell your friend/cousin how his/her example helped you to take a decision.

Answer:
Flat No. 3
‘Maria Mansion’
Pereira Nagar
Mahim 400 016
5th July 2020

Dear Sandeep,

Hi! How are you? I tried calling you, but your number : seems to have changed. Do let me have your new number.

Last week I had to make a rather difficult choice. I | had to choose between football and my studies. No guesses which one I chose – my studies, of course! I have made up my mind to give up football for the next two years. I will play in friendly, casual matches, j but nothing serious. I will also stop my regular daily I practice.

It’s been a very difficult decision to make, but then I j remembered what you had done. You too had given up cricket for two years, hadn’t you? And then you I picked up the threads again in college, when you had j more time. This is what has inspired me to make my j decision. Thanks, Sandy.

Will tell you more details when I meet you next.

Your loving friend,
Deep

7. Collect quotations on the topic ‘Choice’.

Question 1.
Collect quotations on the topic ‘Choice’.
Example:
‘Decisions are the hardest thing to make, especially when it is a choice between where you should be and where you want to be.’
Present the quotations in a beautiful hand on cardpaper.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 3.3 The Road Not Taken Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity.

1. The poet made his decision about which road to take very quickly – False
2. The season was Autumn – True
3. The poet wished he could travel along both the roads – True
4. He took the road which had been used more – False

Complex Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Why does the poet feel sorry?
Answer:
The poet feels sorry that he cannot travel along both the roads at the same time.

Question 2.
Did the poet choose the road quickly?
Answer:
No, the poet did not choose the road quickly, He stood for a long time at the fork before he took a decision.

Question 3.
Was one of the roads better than the other?
Answer:
No, both were equally good.

Activities based on Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Does the poem have a uniform rhyme scheme throughout?
Answer:
Yes, it does.

Simple Factual Activity.

Question 1.
Complete the following statements: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The poet took the road less travelled by.
2. He kept the first road for another day.
3. He will be telling all this ages and ages later.
4. His choice has made all the difference.

Complex Factual Activities.

Question 1.
Does the poet tell us what difference it made?
Answer:
No, he doesn’t.

Activities based on Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Pick out and explain an example of inversion from the extract.
Answer:
Inversion: ‘And both that morning equally lay in leaves ……… . The correct prose order is: And both lay equally that morning in leaves ………. .

Point Format (for understanding)

• Title: The Road not Taken
• Poet: Robert Frost
• Rhyme Scheme: abaab.
• Figures of Speech: Alliteration. ‘Though as for that the passing there.’ Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘t’. The other figure of speech is Inversion.
• Theme/Central Idea: The poem Is about the journey of life and what the poet decides when he is at the crossroads. He tells us about a time that he came across two roads that diverged In a wood.

He knew that he could not travel both, so he took the road which was not as well-travelled as the other. It made a difference in his life.

Paragraph Format.

This famous poem ‘The Road not Taken’ is by the equally famous poet Robert Frost.

The Rhyme Scheme of the poem is abaab. One Figure of Speech is Alliteration : ‘Though as for that the passing there.’ Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘t’. The other figure of speech is Inversion.

The poem is about the journey of life, and what the poet decides when the path forks off in two directions. He knew that he could not travel both, so he took the road which was not as well-travelled as the other. This made a difference in his life.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 1.3 Have you ever seen…? Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 1.3 Have you ever seen…?

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 1.3 Have you ever seen…? Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Words that have the same spelling, but differ in meaning when used in different contexts are called homographs. For example,
(a) A temple fair attracts a lot of crowd.
Her performance in the test was fair.
(b) A rose is the king of flowers.
The sun rose with a golden glow.
Think of 5 homographs and list them below. Then write 2 sentences of your own, to bring out the difference in meanings.

Question 1.
Think of five homographs and list them down. Then write two sentences of your own, to bring out the difference in meaning :
Words that have the same spelling but differ in meaning when used in different contexts are called homographs.
Answer:

Homographs	Sentences
1. bow	(a) The prince slowly put down the bow and arrow. (b) “Should I bow if I see the king?” asked the little boy.
2. content	(a) One should always be content with what one has. (b) You must always check the nutritional content of what you eat.
3. live	(a) One must learn to live within one’s means. (b)  It is dangerous to touch a live wire.
4. minute	(a) His voice was getting louder every minute. (b) There were minute particles of dust in the air.
5. tear	(a) A tear fell from the eye of the old woman. (b) “Tear the paper into four pieces,” said the teacher.

2. When words with the same spelling or pronunciation are used in such a way that they convey more than one meaning, the figure of speech involved is called pun. A pun is a play upon words. For example,
A: Hello! How’s life?
B: Hell, O! It’s a strife.
Find other examples of pun with the help of your parents/teacher.

1. ………………….
2. ………………..
3. ………………….
4. ………………….

Question 1.
Find other examples of pun with the help of your parents/teacher.
Answer:
Some examples :
1. Where do you find giant snails?
On the ends of giants’ fingers.
2. How do turtles talk to each other?
By using shell phones!
3. You can communicate with a fish by dropping it a line.
4. What do you get from a pampered goat?
Spoilt milk.

3. In poetry, when a question is asked, not to get an answer, but to emphasise a point or fact, it is an example of Interrogation.
For example :
When can their glory fade?
Isn’t it time for the autumn’s glow?
From a popular book of poems/the internet, write down 3-4 examples of Interrogation used in poetry.

1. ………………….
2. ………………….
3. ………………….
4. ………………….

Question 1.
write down 3-4 examples of Interrogation used in poetry.
Answer:

1. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
2. If you prick us, do we not bleed?
3. What’s in a name?

English Workshop:

1. From each line in the poem, pick out the word that is a homograph. Write its meaning in the context of the phrase used in the poem. Then write the other meaning implied in the question.

Question 1.
1. From each line in the poem, pick out the word that is a homograph. Write its meaning in the context of the phrase used in the poem. Then write the other meaning implied in the question.
Answer:

2. Write 2 lines from this poem which you find most humorous. Justify your choice.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Question 1.
Write two lines from the poem that you find the most humorous. Justify your choice.
Answer:
1. Can you tickle the ribs of a parasol?
I find this humorous because I can just imagine someone tickling the spokes of an umbrella and trying to get it to respond!
2. Does the needle ever wink its eye?
I find this humorous because I think of myself holding a needle that is winking!

3. Find from the poem, three examples of each :

(a) Interrogation
1. …………………….
2. ……………………
3. ……………………

(b) Pun
1. …………………….
2. ……………………
3. ……………………

(c) Personification
1. …………………….
2. ……………………
3. ……………………

(d) Alliteration
1. …………………….
2. ……………………
3. ……………………

Question 1.
Find from the poem, three examples of each:
(a) Interrogation
(b) Pun
(c) Personification
(d) Alliteration
Answer:
(a) Interrogation :

1. Have you seen a sheet on a river bed?
2. Does the needle ever wink its eye?
3. Are the teeth of a rake ever going to bite?

(b) Pun :

1. Has the foot of the mountain any toes?
2. Can you tickle the ribs of a parasol?
3. Have the hands of a clock any left or right?

(c) Personification :

1. Has the foot of the mountain any toes?
2. Does the needle ever wink its eye?
3. Can you tickle the ribs of a parasol?

(d) Alliteration :

1. Or a single hair from a hammer’s head?
2. Or open the trunk of a tree at all?
3. And what is the sound of the birch’s bark?

4. Form groups of four or five. Think, discuss and add at least one more stanza, using the same style and devices as the poet has used. It should include homographs, interrogation and the same rhythm and rhyme scheme.

Question 1.
‘Form groups of four or five. Think, discuss and add at least one more stanza, using the same style and devices as the poet has used. It should include homographs, interrogation and the same rhythm and rhyme scheme.
Have/Does/Are  ………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:

• Do elephants bathe with their trunks on, all in a batch?
• Have scientists created a flea from scratch?
• Are the bees having a house swarming party with honey?
• Did the lion spit out the clown because he tasted funny?

5. Read the following sentences carefully. Then fill in the blanks using appropriate words from the brackets, to make puns.
(struck, numbered, too tired, developed, put down, homeless, old fashioned, reaction)

Question 1.
Read the following sentences carefully. Then fill in the blanks using appropriate words from the brackets, to make puns.
(struck, numbered, too tired, developed, put down, homeless, old fashioned, reaction)

1. She had a photographic memory but never …………………
2. He was struggling to work out how lightning works when it …………………
3. Every calendar’s days are …………………
4. A bicycle cannot stand on its own because it is …………………
5. I’m reading a book on anti-gravity. It’s impossible to ……………….. the book.
6. I’d tell you a chemistry joke but I know I wouldn’t get …………………
7. What do you call Watson when Sherlock isn’t around?………………..
8. I would tell a history joke, but it is too ………………..

Answer:

1. She had a photographic memory but never developed it.
2. He was struggling to work out how lightning works when it struck him.
3. Every calendar’s days are numbered.
4. A bicycle cannot stand on its own because it is too tired.
5. I’m reading a book on anti-gravity. It’s impossible to put down the book.
6. I’d tell you a chemistry joke but I know I wouldn’t get a reaction.
7. What do you call Watson when Sherlock isn’t around? homeless.
8. I would tell a history joke, but it is too old-fashioned.

6. ‘Read: ‘Alice in Wonderland’ – by Lewis Carroll.

Question 1.
‘Read: ‘Alice in Wonderland’ – by Lewis Carroll.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 1.3 Have you ever seen…? Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following poem carefully and complete the activities :

Simple Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
The poet wonders if:

1. the teeth of a rake will ever bite.
2. the foot of a mountain has any toes.
3. the ribs of an umbrella can be tickled.
4. there can be a sheet on a river bed.

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
What does the poet want to know about a hammer?
Answer:
The poet asks if anyone has seen a single hair on the head of a hammer.

Question 2.
What is the pun in the word ‘plot’ here?
Answer:
A plot means ‘an evil or wicked plan’. A plot ’ also means an area in a garden or some place. The poet asks how a garden ‘plot’ (one meaning of the word) can be evil and dark (the other meaning of the word).

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Find the rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:

• Stanza 1 – bed-head, toes-hose.
• Stanza 2 – eye-fly, parasol-all.
• Stanza 3 – bite-right, dark-bark.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 1.1 Life Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 1.1 Life

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 1.1 Life Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. There are many popular lines like:
‘life Is a game – play ft well’.
‘life Is a Journey – keep going ahead’.
Discuss and write down a few such metaphorical lines about ‘life’. You can make them up yourselves.
1. …………………………….. .
2. …………………………….. .
3. …………………………….. .
4. …………………………….. .
5. …………………………….. .

Question 1.
Discuss and write down a few metaphorical lines about life, like the two lines given on page 2 of the textbook.
Answer:
(Some examples)

1. Life is a movie – enjoy it to the full.
2. Life is a short picnic – relish it.
3. Life is a see-saw – sometimes up, sometimes down.

2. Prepare as many ‘acrostics’ using the word LIFE, as you can. Two examples are given below.

You can turn it into a game, using a time – limit. Make sure your acrostics are related to ‘life’.

Question 1.
Prepare as many acrostics as you can, using the word ‘LIFE’.
Answer:
(Some examples)
1. Love
Inspiration
Friendship
Enjoyment

2. Lively
Interesting
Fascinating
Enchanting

3. Listen carefully and write the word in the appropriate column.

Teacher: hopeful, lonely, happy, jealous, surprised, shy, loving, proud, cheerful, anxious, nervous, excited, embarrassed, scared, silly, comfortable, peaceful, depressed, enthusiastic, motivated, inspired, threatened, crushed, angry Note that it is possible to feel both kinds of emotions at the same time. Have you experienced it? Try to describe the situation in short.

Question 1.
Listen carefully to the words spoken by the teacher and write them in the appropriate columns :
(The answer is given directly.)
Answer:

Positive Feelings	Negative Feelings
hopeful, excited, happy, surprised, loving, cheerful, comfortable, peaceful, enthusiastic, motivated, inspired.	lonely, jealous, shy,  proud, anxious, nervous, embarrassed, scared, silly, depressed, angry, threatened, crushed.

English Workshop :

1. Pick out from the extract two lines each that reflect an optimistic (positive) attitude and pessimistic (negative) attitude.

Optimism :
1. …………… .
2. ……………. .

Pessimism :
1. …………….. .
2. …………….. .

Question 1.
Pick out from the extract two lines each that reflect an optimistic (positive) attitude and pessimistic (negative) attitude.
Answer:
Optimism :

1. Foretells a pleasant day.
2. But these are transient all.

Pessimism :

1. Oft a little morning rain.
2. Sometimes there are clouds of gloom.

(Note: These lines cannot actually be called pessimistic. The poetess looks on problems as temporary and feels that any difficulties we face always foretell a happy future. There are no lines that are absolutely pessimistic.)

2. Give other ‘-ly’ adverbs of similar meaning for the following. Use a thesaurus if needed.

(a) rapidly → ……………… .
(b) merrily → ……………… .
(c) gratefully → ………………
(d) cheerily → ……………… .
(e) manfully → ……………… .
(f) fearlessly → ……………… .
(g) gloriously → ……………… .
(h) victoriously → ……………… .

Question 1.
Give other ‘-ly’ adverbs of similar meaning for the following. Use a thesaurus if needed :
(The answers are given directly.)
Answer:
(a) rapidly → swiftly
(b) merrily → cheerfully
(c) gratefully → thankfully
(d) cheerily → happily
(e) manfully → bravely
(f) fearlessly → courageously
(g) gloriously → wonderfully
(h) victoriously → triumphantly

3. Pick out three examples of interrogation (rhetorical questions) from the poem.
a. Explain in your own words the point that each one makes.

b. Explain the metaphor in the following lines :
1. Oft a little morning rain ………………………………….
Foretells a pleasant day ……………………………………
2. Sometimes there are clouds ………………………………….
3. … the shower will make the roses bloom ………………………………….
4. Life’s sunny hours flit by ………………………………….

c. Pick out four examples of personification. Write what is personified in each :
1. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
4. ………………………………….

d. ‘And calls our Best away’ is a gentle way of expressing the unpleasant idea of a loved one dying. It is an example of euphemism. Think and write down 3 or 4 ways in which we can express the idea of ‘death’ in a tactful and gentle manner.
1. ………………………………….
2. ………………………………….
3. ………………………………….
4. ………………………………….

Question a.
Pick out two examples of interrogation (rhetorical questions) from the extract. Explain in your own words the point that each one makes.
Answer:

Interrogation	Explanation
1. What though death at times steps in, And calls our Best away?	If death, at times takes away the people we love most, we must accept it and hope for better times.
2. What though sorrow seems to win, O’er hope a heavy sway?	It does not matter if we are overcome by sorrow and hope seems to be far away.

Question b.
Explain the metaphor in the following lines :

1. Oft a little morning rain ………………….
Foretells a pleasant day …………….
2. SometImes there are clouds……………..
3. … the shower wifi make the roses bloom …………..
4. life’s sunny hours flit by ……………

Question 1.
Oft a little morning rain
Foretells a pleasant day.
Answer:
If we have difficulties at some stage, there will be joyous times following it. Difficulties are implicitly compared to rain and joyous times to a pleasant day.

Question 2.
Sometimes there are clouds.
Answer:
Sometimes there are problems. Problems are implicitly compared to clouds.

Question 3.
……. the shower will make the roses bloom.
Answer:
The problems we face will make for better times ahead. Problems are implicitly compared to the showers of rain and better times Eire implicitly compared to roses blooming.

Question 4.
Life’s sunny hours flit by.
Answer:
The happy times of our life go by very quickly. Here, the happy times are implicitly compared to sunny hours.

Question c.
Pick out four examples of personification from the extract. Write what is personified in each.
Answer:

1. ‘Death steps in.’ Death is personified.
2. ‘Sorrow seems to win.’ Sorrow is personified.
3. ‘Yet Hope again elastic springs, Unconquered though she fell.’ Hope is personified.
4. ‘Can courage quell despair!’ Courage is personified.

Question d.
‘And calls our Best away’ is a gentle way of expressing the unpleasant idea of a loved one dying. It is an example of euphemism. Think and write down 3 or 4 ways in which we can express the idea of ‘death’ in a tactful and gentle manner.
Answer:

1. The person has left for his heavenly abode.
2. He/She has gone to meet his/her Maker.
3. He/She has become the beloved of God.
4. He/She has completed his work on this earth.

4. ‘…………. and that’s how I realised that courage and hope can help me overcome any major mishap/problem in life.’ Write an episode/experience from your own life that leads to the above conclusion.

Question 1.
‘…… and that’s how I realized that courage and hope can help me overcome any major mishap/ problem in life.’ Write an episode/experience from your own life that leads to the above conclusion.
Answer:
I am a lover of sports. My favourite game is football. I wanted to play in my school team, and right from the age of eleven, I had been practising very sincerely.

Then one unfortunate day, when I was twelve, I fell down the stairs of my building and fractured my leg , badly. I was devastated. How could I play my favourite game? How could I make it to the team? Would my leg ever become completely alright again? Would I be I able to run around and kick the ball as before? I felt that my world had ended.

This was the time when my family gave me their full support. My grandparents helped me to while away the long hours; my parents made nutritious food for me and saw to the medical treatment. My sister, who is four years older than me, gave me sound advice and courage. She understood what I was going through.

She told me of various people who had suffered terrible disasters and had risen I above them. She brought me videos of umpteen cases where the mind had won over the body. She made me read biographies of achievers like Wilma Rudolph and Sudha Chandran. She made me do my exercises regularly and keep in touch with my sport. Slowly but surely, I regained courage and confidence.

Believe it or not, two years later I made it to my football team! My doctor and my family said that it was optimism and a positive attitude that had helped me recover completely. And that’s how I realized that courage and hope can help me (or anybody) overcome any major mishap/problem in life.

5. Read: ‘The Psalm of Life’ – a poem by H. W. Longfellow.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 1.1 Life Additional Important Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Question 1.
It is possible to feel both kinds of emotions at the same time. Have you experienced it? Try to describe such a situation in short.
(An example is given below.)
Answer:
Yes, I have experienced it. Once, when I stood first in class and got excellent marks in Science and Maths, my parents gave a party. All my friends were also present. My father gave a speech praising me. At that time, I was happy as well as embarrassed.

Read the following extracts carefully and complete the activities :

Simple Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False :
Answer:

1. The sages say that life is a dark dream. True
2. The clouds of gloom are permanent. False
3. We must enjoy the happy hours of our life. True
4. Life’s sunny hours flit by quickly. True

Complex Factual Activities :

Question 1.
What do the sages say?
Answer:
The sages say that life is a dark dream.

Question 2.
What does the rain often foretell?
Answer:
The rain often foretells a pleasant day.

Question 3.
What should we do during joyful times in life?
Answer:
We should enjoy the joyful times of our life gratefully and cheerfully.

Question 4.
Complete the following :
We should not be unhappy when we have difficulties because
Answer:
We should not be unhappy when we have difficulties because these difficulties are temporary. If we have difficulties at some stage in our lives, there will be joyous times following it later.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Pick out an example of interrogation (rhetorical question) from the extract. Explain j in your own words the point that it makes.
Answer:

Interrogation	Explanation
If the shower will make the roses bloom, Oh, why lament its fall?	If a little rain helps the roses to flower, we should not feel unhappy about it. This means that we must not express regret for the difficulties we face in life.

Simple Factual Activity :

Complete the following :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

1. One should bear the day of trial courageously and fearlessly.
2. The wings of hope are golden and buoyant, (strong, elastic)

Complex Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Does sorrow actually win over hope, according to the poet?
Answer:
No. Though hope is temporarily defeated, it springs up again and helps us to bear the days of trials.

Question 2.
Who does ‘Our Best’ refer to?
Answer:
‘Our Best’ refers to those whom we love and cherish the most.

Question 3.
Why are the wings of hope ‘golden’?
Answer:
Gold is the colour of optimism. The wings of hope are golden because hope helps us bear up with
our problems and suppress despair.

Activities based on Poetic Devices :

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of this poem. With the help of given points in paragraph format :
Note: The point format given for Appreciation of Poem is for easy understanding. However, it is to be written in I the form of a paragraph in the examination.
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)

• Title: Life
• Poet: Charlotte Bronte
• Rhyme Scheme: abeb in the first stanza, and abab in all the remaining stanzas.
• Figures of Speech: ‘What though death at times steps in’. The figure of speech is Personification, Death is given the human quality of ‘stepping in’.
• The other important figures of speech are Metaphor and Interrogation (Rhetorical Questions).
• Theme/Central idea: This is a motivating and optimistic poem. The poet says that the bad things of life are transient, and good things invariably follow them.
• Hope will rescue us and help us to bear our trials, even during times of great adversity. We must be optimistic, and have the courage to overcome any mishaps or problems.

Paragraph Format:

The poem ‘Life’ is by Charlotte Bronte. It is a motivating and optimistic poem. The Rhyme Scheme is abeb for the first stanza and abab in all remaining stanzas. There are many figures of speech e.g. Personification ‘What though death at times steps in’. Here, death is given the human quality of ‘stepping in’. The other important figures of speech are Metaphor and Interrogation (Rhetorical Questions).

The poetess says that the bad things of life are temporary. Good things invariably follow it. Even during times of great adversity, hope will rescue us and help us to bear our trials. We must look at the positive side of life, and have the courage to overcome any mishaps or problems. The poem makes one feel good and is easy to understand.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 5 India and Other Countries Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 5 India and Other Countries

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 5 India and Other Countries Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence:

Question 1.
The country that has a free international border with India _______.
(a) Pakistan
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Nepal
(d) Myanmar
Answer:
(c) Nepal

Question 2.
The countries that have tense relations with India _______.
(a) Pakistan and China
(b) Nepal and Bhutan
(c) Myanmar and Maldives
(d) Afghanistan and America
Answer:
(a) Pakistan and China

Question 3.
Factors that have an influence on the relations between India and Pakistan _____.
(a) Difference in the world view of both the countries
(b) Kashmir issue
(c) Nuclear Rivalry
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

2. Explain with reasons whether the following statements are true or false:

Question 1.
India has an important position among the South Asian countries.
Answer:
True.

• India’s position in Asia is geographically and politically important.
• Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, China and Maldives are India’s neighbours.
• The values of equality and mutual respect have a great importance in India’s foreign policy. India has established relations with neighbouring countries on the basis of these values.
• India is the biggest country in the Indian subcontinent. Similarly, India is economically and technologically more advanced. It is thus natural that India has a great influence among the South Asian countries.

Question 2.
Sino-Indian relations are friendly.
Answer:
False.

• The conflict between India and China is connected to two issues : (a) Border issue and (b) The status of Tibet.
• The border dispute between India and China is related to the Aksai Chin area and the Macmahon line.
• China claims that the area, South of Aksai Chin and Macmahon line (Arunachal Pradesh) is Chinese Territory. China is not willing to agree that Macmahon Line is an international border.
• India made several efforts to sort this border dispute by means of dialogue, but it has not met with much success. In 1962, China Attacked India.
• When China was stepping up its military control in Tibet, Dalai Lama took asylum in India. This issue has been responsible for the conflict between the two countries.

Question 3.
India sent a peacekeeping force to help the Sri Lankan government.
Answer:
True.

• India has friendly relations with the southern neighbour Sri Lanka.
• Political instability in Sri Lanka after 1985 was a result of the differences between the Tamil and the Sri Lankan Government. At that time,
  India had sent a peace keeping force to help the Sri Lankan government.
• Friendly relations with Sri Lanka are important from the point of view of security in the Indian Ocean.

3. Complete the following chart.

Question 1.

Treaties/Exchanges	Countries
…………..	India and Pakistan
Macmahon Line	……………..
…………………	India and Bangladesh
Import of natural gas	…………..
…………..	India and Africa

Answer:

Treaties/Exchanges	Countries
Shimla Agreement, Tashkent Agreement	India and Pakistan
Macmahon Line	India and China
Treaties about sharing river waters and borders	India and Bangladesh
Import of natural gas	Myanmar
Civil Nuclear Agreement	India and Africa

4. Write short notes :

Question 1.
Shimla Agreement
Answer:
(i) India tried to solve Indo-Pak conflict bi-laterally. The Shimla Agreement of 1972 was based on these principles.

(ii) Pakistan considers Kashmir as the biggest hurdle in establishing relations with India.

(iii) The first Indo-Pak war took place in 1965, over Kashmir. The Tashkent Agreement was signed in 1966, but nothing much came out of it.

(iv) Even though the 1971 war was about the creation of Bangladesh, it also had the dimension of the Kashmir problem to it.

(v) The Shimla Agreement in 1972 provided a new format to the interaction between India and Pakistan.

Question 2.
Indo-Nepalese Friendship Treaty
Answer:
(i) The foundation of friendship between India and Nepal was laid with Indo-Nepalese Friendship Treaty in 1950.

(ii) According to this treaty, Nepalese citizens can not only enter India, but they are also permitted to take up government jobs and carry on trade in India.

(iii) The year 1990 marked the beginning of Nepal’s transition to democracy.

(iv) Nepal is dependent upon India for economic progress, basic facilities, food related needs, trade and energy needs.

(v) India sent a lot of help to Nepal at the time of the 2015 earthquake.

Question 3.
MacMahonLine
Answer:
(i) The conflict between India and China is connected to two issues :

• Border issue
• The status of Tibet

(ii) The border dispute between India and China is related to Aksai Chin area and the Macmahon line.
(iii) China claims that the area South of Aksai Chin and Macmahon line (Arunachal Pradesh) is Chinese Territory.
(iv) China is not willing to agree that Macmahon Line is an international border.
(v) India made several efforts to sort this border dispute by means of dialogue, but it has not met with much success.
(vi) In 1962, China attacked India.

Question 4.
Indo-Afghanistan Relation
Answer:
(i) There is a lot of political instability in Afghanistan.

(ii) The dominance of the terrorist organisation, Taliban is responsible for this.

(iii) India has extended help to bring peace, security and stability, curb violence and establish a democratic government.

(iv) Similarly, India is also helping Afghanistan in re-establishing communication facilities that have got destroyed due to war, build roads, cooperate in the fields of science and technology, build schools, health facilities and irrigation projects.

5. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Explain the background of cooperative relations between India and America.
Answer:
India and America are two powerful nations who have democratic political systems. Right from the beginning, America was India’s most important trading partner.

(i) Many Indians have gone to America for education or work. Due to the presence of these non-resident Indians, the cultural, social and economic relations between America and India have been increasing.

(ii) After the end of Cold War, the military relations between India and America have increased on a large scale.

(iii) After India accepted free market economy, the speed of economic progress slowly increased. It resulted in further strengthening the trade relations between India and America.

(iv) When India conducted nuclear tests in 1998, there was tension in the relations between the two countries.

(v) Many rounds of discussions took place after that to improve the relations. Through these rounds of talks, America came to believe that India will use its nuclear weapons with responsibility. This completely transformed the Indo-American relations.

(vi) The Civil Nuclear Agreement signed in 2005 that was approved by the U.S. Congress in 2008 was an important landmark in Indo-American relations.

Question 2.
Give some information about the efforts taken by India for the establishment of democracy in neighbouring countries with examples.
Answer:
India upheld sovereignty and democratic values in Nepal, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

(i) Nepal was a Hindu Kingdom which adopted democratic government in 2006. India backed up its decision of adopting popular rule by helping Nepal with constitutional guidelines.

(ii) India also extended friendly relations to Ashraf Ghani through SAARC and other international platforms after the collapse of Taliban there.

(iii) India sent a peacekeeping force to Sri Lanka to bring about a cease fire between Sinhalese and Tamils and enforce peace and democracy.

(iv) The regime of Pervez Musharraf had adopted aggressive foreign policies and oppressed public opinion in Pakistan which led to violence and chaos. India had also criticised military rule in Pakistan.

Question 3.
What is the role of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation?
Answer:
SAARC is a regional organisation established by the South Asian countries in 1985.

(i) The aim of this organisation is to encourage economic co-operation between South Asian nations and thereby achieve the development of the South Asian region.

(ii) The organisation of SAARC is a platform for South Asian countries to come together and discuss common questions and interests.

(iii) Some common interests of South Asian countries are alleviation of poverty, development of agriculture and technological revolution.

(iv) Some treaties were signed on the SAARC platform to make it easy for South Asian countries to trade with each other.

(v) As a part of this, it has been decided that South Asia should be made into a free trade area. For an equitable development of South Asian nations, a treaty about forming South Asian Free Trade Area was signed and South Asian University was established.

6. Give your own opinion about :

Question 1.
What remedies would you suggest in order to reduce the tensions in the relations between India and Pakistan?
Answer:
(i) To reduce tensions in the relations between India and Pakistan, I suggest that

(ii) Cultural exchange between the two nations must be enhanced by allowing and inviting artists of these nations to perform in each other’s countries. Films and sports would also work wonders to improve relations between them.

(iii) Since India is the largest democracy in the world, it should assist and uphold establishment of democratic systems in Pakistan, where government is either overpowered or practically governed by military.

(iv) Pakistan should be convinced through world opinion at international summits, conferences and organisations such as the UN.

(v) India should ascertain that the media does not mislead people in both the nations, by telecasting exaggerated content which might negatively influence the relations.

(vi) India should appeal the Pakistani Government for preservation of Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage places and cultural sites. India must also promote tourism in both the countries, so that civilians across borders have cordial relations.

(vii) Incidents of cross-border terrorism, violence and infiltration must be taken to international forums. Government of India should frame suitable policies for retrieval of Indian subjects, Prisoners of War and fishermen held in captivity of Pakistani Government.

Question 2.
Do you agree with the statement: ‘Hurdles are created in the way of internal development due to tense relations of India with neighbouring countries/ Explain with reasons.
Answer:
(i) Yes, I agree that hurdles are created in the way of internal development due to tense relations of India with neighbouring countries. Due to tense relations with the neighbours, India is unable to focus on the internal law and order situation and social welfare.

(ii) Non-cordial relations with the neighbours will force India to embark on military and nuclear mobilisation to retaliate the pressure of foreign aggression. This might culminate into a war.

(iii) War with neighbours will disturb the peace in the Indian subcontinent and compel India to divert its resources and efforts towards defence and manufacturing weapons.

(iv) Money and resources which should be invested for constructive purposes like health, education and infrastructure would be diverted towards destruction.

(v) A war with her neighbours can put tremendous pressure on India’s economy giving rise to problems like scarcity and inflation.

Question 3.
Do you think that strong healthy relations of India with America are conducive to India’s economic development?
Answer:
(i) Yes, I believe that strong healthy relations of India with America are conducive to India’s economic development.

(ii) America is an undisputable super power of the world and India is on its way to become a super power. Co-operation between these two countries can thwart terrorism in the world, which is a big challenge in the path of economic development.

(iii) Both countries follow democratic systems of government and free market economies. Co-operation from America is a must to enhance India’s economic prospects.

(iv) The non-resident Indians in America have helped to improve on Indian Foreign Reserves. With Indians taking up more employment in America, India can boost its foreign exchange.

(v) Call centres of American MNCs and other ways of outsourcing have provided employment opportunities to the Indian youth. American companies such as Coca Cola, Colgate and MacDonald established their franchises in India, whereas Indian IITians have dominated the Silicon Valley. An Indian – Sundar Pichai, today is the CEO of ‘Google’ – an American company.

(vi) As American companies find Indian economy very promising, FDI has also increased. The ’Make in India’ drive is now seeking empowerment of Indian economy and employment of Indians through such FDI’s.

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 5 India and Other Countries Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option from the given options and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
in l972,______ provided a new format to the interaction between India and Pakistan.
(a) Tashkent Agreement
(b) Shimla Agreement
(c) Civil Nuclear Agreement
(d) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Answer:
(b) Shimla Agreement

Question 2.
Aung Sang Su Kyi is credited with having established democracy in ______.
(a) Bhutan
(b) Myanmar
(c) Cambodia
(d) the Maldives
Answer:
(b) Myanmar

Question 3.
The border dispute between India and China is related to ______ area and the Macmahon line.
(a) Sir Creek Area
(b) Siachien
(c) Aksai Chin
(d) Baltistan
Answer:
(c) Aksai Chin

Question 4.
Due to a series of tripartite talks between ____, China and India, Sino-Indian relations are improving slowly.
(a) Pakistan
(b) America
(c) Russia
(d) Japan
Answer:
(b) America

Question 5.
When China was stepping up its military control in Tibet,_____ took asylum in India.
(a) Dalai Lama
(b) Avalokiteshwara
(c) Bodhisattvas
(d) Vajarayana followers
Answer:
(a) Dalai Lama

Question 6.
The ______ signed in 2005 that was approved by the U.S. Congress in 2008 was an important landmark in Indo-American relations.
(a) Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
(b) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
(c) Civil Nuclear Agreement
(d) Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation
Answer:
(c) Civil Nuclear Agreement

Question 7.
The policy of increasing trade with South-East Asian nations is known as the ______ policy.
(a) Act East
(b) Pact East
(c) Look East
(d) Seek East
Answer:
(c) Look East

Question 8.
The Summit Conference of India and Africa was held in 2015 with representatives from all _____ African nations attending it.
(a) 54
(b) 56
(c) 58
(d) 53
Answer:
(a) 54

Question 9.
India has co-operated in the project to produced ______ on a large scale, using the water source in Bhutan.
(a) Irrigation facilities
(b) Hydel power
(c) Tube wells
(d) Water reservoirs
Answer:
(b) Hydel power

Question 10.
_______has agreed to extend cooperation and technological help to India in the development and security of coastal areas.
(a) Malaysia
(b) Indonesia
(c) Brunei
(d) Japan
Answer:
(d) Japan

Question 11.
European Nations, especially ______ invest on a large scale in the field of technology in India.
(a) Greece and Italy
(b) Germany and France
(c) Belgium and Netherlands
(d) Spain and Portugal
Answer:
(b) Germany and France

Question 12.
The dominance of the terrorist organisation _______ is responsible for political instability in Afghanistan.
(a) Lashkar-e-Taiba
(b) Jamaat-ud-Dawa
(c) Taliban
(d) Al-Qaeda
Answer:
(c) Taliban

State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons:

Question 1.
Write about India’s relation with Maldives.
Answer:
(i) India’s relations with Maldives have been friendly right from the beginning. This small nation to the South of India is dependent on India for a lot of reasons.

(ii) Trade relations have been established between the two since 1981.

(iii) India has helped Maldives in the development of basic facilities or infrastructure, health and communication.

(iv) From 2006 onwards, co-operation in the military field also started between the two countries.

(v) They have entered into treaties with respect to cooperation in space research, conservation of historical objects and tourism. Similarly, they have decided to co-operate in the area of fighting against terrorism.

Write short notes:

Question 1.
SAARC
Answer:
(i) SAARC is a regional organisation established by the South Asian countries in 1985.

(ii) The aim of this organisation is to encourage economic co-operation between South Asian nations and there by, achieve the development of the South Asian region.

(iii) The organisation of SAARC is a platform for South Asian countries to come together and discuss common questions and interests.

(iv) Some common interests of South Asian countries are alleviation of poverty, development of agriculture and technological revolution.

(v) Some treaties were signed on the SAARC platform to make it easy for South Asian countries to trade with each other.

Do as directed:

Complete the following charts:

Question 1.

S.No	Column ’A’	Column ’B’
(1)	Joint Naval Exercises	……….
(2)	Oil imports	………..
(3)	Security in the Indian Ocean	……….
(4)	Hydel Power Plant	………….

Answer:

S.No	Column ’A’	Column ’B’
(1)	Joint Naval Exercises	Japan
(2)	Oil imports	United Arab Emirates
(3)	Security in the Indian Ocean	Sri Lanka
(4)	Hydel Power Plant	Bhutan

Question 2.

S.No.	Help extended by India	Beneficiary Nations
(1)	Sent Peacekeeping Force to restore peace	Sri Lanka
(2)	Supplies during 2015 earthquake	Nepal
(3)	Communication facilities, roads, science and technology, schools, health and irrigation projects	Afghanistan
(4)	Helped in the freedom struggle	Bangladesh
(5)	Cooperation in the project to produce Hydel Power	Bhutan

Answer:

S.No.	Help extended by India	Beneficiary Nations
(1)	Sent Peacekeeping Force to restore peace	Sri Lanka
(2)	Supplies during 2015 earthquake	Nepal
(3)	Communication facilities, roads, science and technology, schools, health and irrigation projects	Afghanistan
(4)	Helped in the freedom struggle	Bangladesh
(5)	Cooperation in the project to produce Hydel Power	Bhutan

Prepare the following flow charts:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
Illustrate the differences in world views between India and Pakistan.
Answer:
(i) India and Pakistan have totally different world views.

(ii) In line with the Indian world view, India opposed the military alliances of the Cold War and tried to solve the Indo-Pak conflict bilaterally.

(iii) On the other hand, Pakistan tried to maintain relations with the Islamic world and China entered into a military agreement with America.

Question 2.
Describe the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan.
Answer:
(i) Pakistan considers Kashmir as the biggest hurdle in establishing relations with India.

(ii) The first Indo-Pak war took place in 1965 over Kashmir.

(iii) The Tashkent Agreement was signed in 1966, but nothing much came out of it.

(iv) Even though the 1971 war was about the creation of Bangladesh, it also had the dimension of the Kashmir problem to it.

(v) The Shimla Agreement in 1972 provided a new format to the interaction between India and Pakistan.

(vi) In 1999, there was a conflict between India and Pakistan over the infiltration by Pakistan in the Kargil region.

(vii) Even today, the Kashmir question is the basic cause of conflict between the two countries.

Question 3.
Sino-Pak Friendship has affected the security of India. Explain.
Answer:
(i) The threat to India’s security is increasing due to friendship between China and Pakistan, supply of weapons from China to Pakistan and also transfer of missile and nuclear weapons technology.

(ii) The increasing friendship between China and Pakistan and increasing influence of China over India’s other neighbours is a cause of concern for India.

Question 4.
How is India trying to resolve its differences with China?
Answer:
(i) India has always made efforts to improve relations with China.

(ii) A joint executive group has been set up to solve the Sino-Indian border dispute.

(iii) When the rate of economic growth of both India and China increased, the trade relations between both the countries began to get strengthened.

(iv) Because of improvement in economic and trade relations between India and China and a series of tripartite talks between Russia, China and India, Sino-Indian relations are improving slowly.

(v) Even though the border dispute is not completely resolved, it has taken a back seat and relations in other areas have become more important.

Question 5.
How was Bangladesh created?
Answer:
(i) Today’s Bangladesh is the erstwhile East Pakistan. When Pakistan was created, it had two parts: West and East Pakistan.

(ii) There was linguistic difference between them. There were other political conflicts as well.

(iii) The movement to liberate Bangladesh emerged out of this.

(iv) This movement tried to free Bangladesh from the dominance of West Pakistan.

(v) India helped Bangladesh in its freedom struggle. Bangladesh was formed in 1971.

Question 6.
How could India and African nations benefits from each other?
Answer:
(i) Having close relations with Africa will be beneficial from the point of view of both.

(ii) Many countries in Africa are developing rapidly.

(iii) MaharashtraBoardSoLutions.com diness to help in the all-round development of African youth. India has also agreed to give economic help and even grants to bring about development in different areas like technology, agriculture, tourism, etc.

(iv) India’s energy needs can be fulfilled by the energy rich countries like Egypt, Nigeria, Angola and Sudan.

(v) India is making efforts to increase trade with Africa.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 The United Nations Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 The United Nations

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 4 The United Nations Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence:

Question 1.
This country is not a permanent member of United Nations Security Council _____.
(a) America
(b) Russia
(c) Germany
(d) China
Answer:
(c) Germany

Question 2.
The United Nations has _______ number of members.
(a) 190
(b) 193
(c) 198
(d) 199
Answer:
(b) 193

Question 3.
This international organisation conducts workshops in India on remedial measures to tackle the problem of malnutrition among children
(a) UNICEF
(b) UNESCO
(c) Trusteeship Council
(d) Red Cross
Answer:
(a) UNICEF

2. Explain with reasons whether the following statements are true or false:

Question 1.
The United Nations General Assembly is a platform to discuss global problems.
Answer:
True.

• Every year the General Assembly meets in its session. During the session, the General Assembly discusses important issues like environment, disarmament, etc.
• The significance of the General Assembly lies in it being a platform for representatives of member nations to come together and discuss and make policy decisions on issues of global importance.

Question 2.
The status of all the member nations of the United Nations is not equal.
Answer:
False.

• As mentioned in the principles of UN, all member nations have the same status.
• There is no discrimination among nations based on geographical size, economic or military power.

Question 3.
A resolution can be passed even if China exercises its veto power.
Answer:
False

• China is one of the five permanent members of the UN and the permanent members have veto power.
• If even one of the five permanent members uses it’s veto i.e. gives a negative vote, the decision cannot be taken.

Question 4.
India has played a major role in the work of the United Nations.
Answer:
True.

• India has always sent her troops to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping forces.
• India has participated in bringing issues like decolonisation, disarmament, racial segregation on the United Nations platform.

3. Explain the following concepts:

Question 1.
Veto
Answer:
(i) Security Council has 5 permanent members and 10 non-permanent members.
(ii) For any decision to be taken, the assent of all five permanent members and four non¬permanent members is necessary.
(iii) America, Russia, England, France and China are permanent members of the Security Council. They have the veto power.
(iv) If even one of the five permanent member uses its veto i.e. gives a negative vote, the decision cannot be taken

Question 2.
UNICEF
Answer:
(i) UNICEF is an affiliated organisation of the United Nations.
(ii) It works towards making nutritious food and health care available to children.
(iii) Several workshops were organised in India to find out measures to overcome malnutrition among babies and children.

4. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Write the reasons for the establishment of the United Nations.
Answer:
The United Nations is the world’s largest international organisation. The reasons for the establishment of the United Nations are:

(i) Two World Wars were fought at the beginning of the twentieth century.

(ii) Life and property were destroyed on a large scale in these wars.

(iii) As a result, the League of Nations was established after the First World War and the United Nations was established after the Second World War out of a realisation that there has to be a mechanism to establish world peace.

(iv) The League of Nations did not succeed at all.

(v) But after the use of the nuclear weapons in the . Second World War, the idea took root that such destructive wars should be stopped and that it is the collective responsibility of all nations to do so.

(vi) The United Nations was established after the Second World War to instill this understanding among all nations.

(vii) Hence, the United Nations, an international organisation was established to ensure peace and security at the international level.

Question 2.
Write the objectives of the United Nations.
Answer:
The United Nations has its own definite objectives. They are as follows:

• To establish friendly relations among nations.
• To enhance international security by solving international disputes.
• To safeguard and foster human rights and freedom.
• Along with these, the United Nations also aim at enhancing economic cooperation at the international level.

Question 3.
What is the role of the Peacekeeping Forces of the United Nations?
Answer:
(i) The peacekeeping activity of the United Nations involves creating appropriate circumstances favourable for bringing about permanent peace in strife-tom areas.
(ii) The peacekeeping forces help these areas to progress towards peace.
(iii) In conflict ridden areas, security is provided and at the same time, help is extended for establishing peace.
(iv) The United Nations takes up peacekeeping as one of the tasks for safeguarding and fostering peace in the world.

5. Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the following chart giving information about the organs of the United Nations.

S.No	Organ	Number of members	Functions
1.	United Nations General Assembly	……….	…………….
2.	United Nations Security Council	…………..	…………….
3.	International Court of Justice	…………..	……………….
4.	Economic and Social Council	…………..	………………..

Answer:

S.No.	Organ	Number of members	Functions
(1)	United Nations General Assembly	193	(1) To elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council. (2)  To choose the United Nations Secretary General and the judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in consultation with the Security Council. (3) To pass the annual budget of the United Nations.
(2)	United Nations Security Council	15 (5 Permanent and 10 NonPermanent)	(1) To maintain international peace and security. (2) To prepare policies for arms control. (3) To play a joint role along with the General Assembly in the appointments of the judges of the International Court of Justice and of the United Nations Secretary General.
(3)	International Court of Justice	15 judges	(1) To settle the disputes between two or more member nations of the United Nations. (2) To interpret international law authentically. (3) To advise the various organs or subsidiary bodies of the United Nations about legal issues.
(4)	Economic and Social Council	54 members	(1) Initiate discussions at the global level on issues like poverty, unemployment, economic and social inequality and suggest policies to tackle these problems. (2) Discuss issues like women’s questions, empowerment of women, human rights, fundamental freedoms, global trade, health related issues, etc., and make decisions. (3) Make efforts to establish cultural and educational cooperation at the international level. (4) Coordinate the functioning of the different organisations working in association with the United Nations.

Question 2.
Show the chronology of the establishment of the United Nations.

Answer:

Question 3.
Complete the following tree diagram about the United Nations.

Answer:

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 4 The United Nations Intext Questions and Answers

Answer the following in brief:

Question 1.
Did India participate in the conferences during the Second World War?
Answer:
India was among the original members of the United Nations that signed the Declaration by United Nations at Washington, D.C. on 1st January, 1942 and also participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco from 25th April to 26th June 1945.

Question 2.
Which day is celebrated as United Nations day?
Answer:
United Nations was established on 24th October 1945. The day is now celebrated each year . around the world as United Nations Day.

Question 3.
Can the United Nations intervene militarily if there is a serious threat to international peace?
Answer:
The United Nations can’t intervene militarily if there is a serious threat to international peace. The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or stalled to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities.

Question 4.
What steps have the United Nations taken to foster human rights and freedom?
Answer:
One of the UN’s primary purposes is to promote and encourage respect for human rights and to ensure fundamental freedoms for all without distinction on the basis of race, sex, language, or religion. In 1948, the General Assembly adopted a Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1979, the General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, followed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in 1989. United Nations Commission on Human Rights was formed in 1993 to oversee human rights issues for the UN.

Question 5.
Only one Indian has so far been the President of the UN General Assembly. Who is that person? When and at which session?
Answer:
Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit is the only Indian so far who has been the President of the UN General Assembly, at the eighth session in 1953.

Activity:

Question 1.
Write the names of United Nations Secretary Generals until now.
Answer:
(i) Mr. Trygve Lie
(ii) Mr. Dag Hammarskjold
(iii) Mr. U. Thant
(iv) Mr. Kurt Waldheim
(v) Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar
(vi) Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali
(vii) Mr. Kofi Annan
(viii) Mr. Ban Ki Moon
(ix) Mr. Antonio Guterres

Question 2.
Is it necessary that the Secretary-General should be a citizen of the great powers/the big five?
Answer:
It is not necessary that the Secretary General should be a citizen of one of the great powers/ the big five. Here is the list of Secretary Generals with their countries: Mr. Trygve Lie (Norway) Mr. Dag Hammarskjold (Sweden)

• Mr. U. Thant (Mayanmar)
• Mr. Kurt Waldheim (Austria)
• Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar (Peru)
• Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali (Egypt)
• Mr. Kofi Annan (Ghana)
• Mr. Ban Ki Moon (South Korea)
• Mr. Antonio Guterres (Portugal)

Question 3.
Are citizens of a particular country given priority for being Secretary-General?
Answer:
The citizens of no particular country are given priority for being Secretary General.

Question 4.
Who is the current Secretary General and which country does he belong to?
Answer:
The current Secretary General is Antonio Guterres and he belongs to Portugal.

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 4 The United Nations Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option from the given options and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The United Nations Organisation was founded on _______.
(a) August 9,1944
(b) October 24,1944
(c) October 24,1945
(d) December 10,1945
Answer:
(c) October 24,1945

Question 2.
The United Nations has ____ main organs.
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
(d) seven
Answer:
(c) six

Question 3.
The United Nations has ______ official languages.
(a) four
(b) five
(c)six
(d) three
Answer:
(c)six

Question 4.
This language is not an official language of the United Nations
(a) French
(b) Spanish
(c) Arabic
(d) Italian
Answer:
(d) Italian

Question 5.
There are ______ permanent members in the Security Council.
(a) four
(b) five
(c)six
(d) seven
Answer:
(b) five

Question 6.
There are ________ non-permanent members in the Security Council.
(a) ten
(b) five
(c) fifteen
(d) seven
Answer:
(a) ten

Question 7.
The term of a non-permanent member of the Security Council is of ______.
(a) four years
(b) five years
(c) two years
(d) one year
Answer:
(c) two years

Question 8.
Which organ of the United Nations has suspended its operations since 1994?
(a) Trusteeship Council
(b) Economic and Social Council
(c) Secretariat
(d) International Court of Justice
Answer:
(a) Trusteeship Council

Question 9.
How many Judges are there in the International Court of Justice?
(a) 9
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 15
Answer:
(d) 15

Question 10.
What is the term of the United Nations Secretary General?
(a) 3 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 6 years
(d) 5 years
Answer:
(d) 5 years

Question 11.
UN Secretary General heads which principal organ of the United Nations Organisation?.
(a) General Assembly
(b) Security Council
(c) Economic and Social Council
(d) The Secretariat
Answer:
(d) The Secretariat

Question 12.
What is the term of a judge of the International Court of Justice?
(a) 9 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 6 years
(d) 5 years
Answer:
(a) 9 years

Question 13.
How many members does the Economic and Social Council have?
(a) 33
(b) 40
(c) 15
(d) 54
Answer:
(d) 54

Give the full forms of the following acronyms:

Question 1.
ILO:
Answer:
International Labour Organisation

Question 2.
FAO:
Answer:
Food and Agriculture Organisation

Question 3.
WHO:
Answer:
World Health Organisation

Question 4.
WB:
Answer:
World Bank

Question 5.
IMF:
Answer:
International Monetary Fund

Question 6.
UNICEF:
Answer:
United Nations Children’s Fund

Question 7.
UNESCO:
Answer:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons:

Question 1.
UNICEF is the main organ of UN.
Answer:
False.
(i) The United Nations has six main organs:

1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. Economic and Social Council
4. International Court of Justice
5. Trusteeship Council and
6. Secretariat.

(ii) UNICEF is an affiliated organisation of the United Nations. It works towards making nutritious food and health care available to children.

Explain the following concepts:

Question 1.
Millennium Development Goals
Answer:
The United Nations member nations came together in 2000 and decided upon the development goals for the new millennium. Some of the important goals are as follows:

• To eliminate poverty and hunger.
• To make the facilities of primary education available.
• To bring about women’s empowerment, reduce infant mortality rate.
• To take special care of the health of pregnant women.
• To fight diseases like AIDS, malaria, etc.
• To protect the environment and increase the cooperation between developed and developing countries.

Question 2.
International Criminal Court
Answer:
(i) The International Criminal Court is an inter-governmental organisation and an international tribunal.
(ii) Its headquarters are at The Hague in the Netherlands.
(iii) The International Criminal Court has the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes that are of concern to the international community.

Question 3.
International Court of Justice.
Answer:
(i) International Court of Justice means the judicial branch of the United Nations. The International Court of Justice is located at The Hague in the Netherlands.
(ii) There are 15 judges in the International Court of Justice.
(iii) They are chosen by the General Assembly and the Security Council. Every judge has tenure of nine years.
(iv) Functions:

• To settle the disputes between two or more member nations of the United Nations.
• To interpret international law authentically.
• To advise the various organs or subsidiary bodies of the United Nations about legal issues.

Question 4.
The UN Security Council.
Answer:
Security Council is one of the 6 main organs of the UN:

(i) There are 15 members in the Security Council. Of them, five are permanent members, while ten are non-permanent members.

(ii) The non-permanent members are chosen every two years by the General Assembly. America, Russia, England, France and China are permanent members of the Security Council. They have the veto power.

(iii) For any decision to be taken, the assent of all five permanent members and four non permanent members is necessary. If even one of the five permanent member uses his veto i.e. gives a negative vote, the decision cannot be taken.

(iv) Functions of the Security Council:

(a) The main responsibility of the Security Council is to maintain international peace and security.
The Security Council may suggest one among the following alternatives in situations of international conflict:

• End/resolve conflict and make efforts to establish peace
• Impose economic sanctions or take a decision of military action against the aggressor nation.

(b) To prepare policies for arms control.
(c) To play a joint role along with the General Assembly in the appointments of the judges of the International Court of Justice and of the United Nations Secretary General.

Complete the following table:

Question 1.

(1)	WHO	(a)	………….
(2)	UNESCO	(b)	…………..
(3)	UNICEF	(c)	…………
(4)	ILO	(d)	…………….

Answer:

(1)	WHO	(a)	World Health Organization
(2)	UNESCO	(b)	United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
(3)	UNICEF	(c)	United Nations Children’s, Fund
(4)	ILO	(d)	International Labour Organization

Question 2.

(1)	New York	(a)	……….
(2)	Hague, Netherlands	(b)	…………
(3)	San Francisco	(c)	………..

Answer:

(1)	New York	(a)	Headquarters of UN
(2)	Hague, Netherlands	(b)	International Court of Justice
(3)	San Francisco	(c)	Drafting of UN Charter

Complete the flow chart:

Question 1.

Answer:

Complete the chart:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Answer the following in brief:

Question 1.
State the role of UN General Assembly as platform to discuss global problems.
Answer:
The United Nations General Assembly is a platform to discuss global problems because:

• Every year the General Assembly meets in its session from September to December.
• During the session, the General Assembly discusses important issues like environment, disarmament, etc
• The decisions in the General Assembly are taken by the majority. These decisions are in the form of resolutions.
• The significance of the General Assembly lies in being a platform for representatives of member nations to come together and discuss and make policy decisions on issues of global importance.

Question 2.
United Nations plays an important role in preservation of peace. Explain the statement.
Answer:
(i) The objective of the United Nations is to settle international conflict peacefully.

(ii) The United Nations Charter lays down the ways and means to be employed to achieve this goal.

(iii) It includes appointing an intermediary acceptable to the nations involved in the conflict, use the legal procedure, appoint an arbitrator to solve the dispute and if needed, to take recourse to military means and ensure that conflict will not occur again.

(iv) In modem times, human security has been threatened by terrorism, racist and religious conflict. As a result, the function of securing peace of the United Nations has acquired a lot of importance.

(v) The United Nations makes efforts to ensure that violence does not erupt in strife-tom areas and normalcy is restored as soon as possible, by (for example), starting schools, creating awareness among the people about human rights, making social, economic, political facilities available, conducting elections, etc.

Question 3.
How had India helped to solve international conflicts peacefully?
Answer:
(i) India had participated in the different Conferences that were held before the establishment of the United Nations.

(ii) India has participated in bringing issues like decolonisation, disarmament and racial segregation on the United Nations platform.

(iii) In 1946, India was the first country to raise . the question of racism in the United Nations.India has always led the discussions about the problems of undeveloped and developing countries.

(iv) India has always sent her troops to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping forces. Not just that, India has sent an all-woman peacekeeping force as well.

(v) It is evident from the foregoing analysis that India makes serious efforts to solve international conflicts by peaceful means.

Question 4.
What is the role of UNESCO?
Answer:
UNESCO, is an affiliated organisation of the United Nations works towards peace and security in the world by promoting cooperation between member countries in the fields of education, science and culture.

Question 5.
What are the principles of the United Nations?
Answer:
The United Nations is an organisation created by the coming together of sovereign nations. Naturally, it is based on certain principles or rules. They are as follows:

• All member nations will have the same status. There is no discrimination among nations based on geographical size, economic or military power.
• All member nations of the United Nations should respect the freedom and geographical unity of other member nations.
• All member nations should solve their international disputes and mutual issues peacefully.

Question 6.
What are the functions of the General Assembly?
Answer:
The United Nations General Assembly is a platform to discuss global problems. Functions of General Assembly are:

• To elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council.
• To choose the United Nations Secretary General and the judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in consultation with the Security Council.
• To pass the annual budget of the United Nations.

Question 7.
What are the specialised agencies of UN?
Answer:
(i) Apart from these six major organs, there are many affiliated organisations of the United Nations that help it in its functions. They are called specialised agencies.

(ii) Working in specific areas, they help different nations in those areas.

(iii) The following are some of these important agencies:

• International Labour Organisation (ILO)
• Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
• World Health Organisation (WHO)
• World Bank (WB)
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

Question 8.
Why was the Trusteeship Council setup and why has it suspended its operations?
Answer:
(i) After the Second World War, the territories that were undeveloped were placed under the responsibility of the developed nations.

(ii) The latter were supposed to help bring about the development of the trust territories and once they attain independence from their colonies, help establish democracy.

(iii) The work of the Trusteeship Council is over as there are no trust territories left.

(iv) The work of the Trusteeship Council ended when Palau got independence on 1st November 1994.

Question 9.
Write about the phases in establishment of the United Nations.
Answer:
The United Nations is an international organisation of sovereign nations. It was established in the following manner:

(i) The Atlantic Treaty was signed between Prime Minister of England, Sir Winston Churchill and American, President Franklin D Roosevelt during the Second World War on 14th August 1941.

(ii) According to this treaty, a decision was taken to set up a permanent mechanism to establish international security after the Second World War was over.

(iii) Detailed discussions followed on this decision in two conferences among allied powers in 1944 and 1945.

(iv) A draft of the treaty to establish an international organisation was prepared.

(v) At San Francisco in America, representatives of fifty countries drafted the Charter of the United Nations after discussions.

(vi) As soon as the war was over, the Charter was signed on 24th October, 1945 and the United Nations was established.

Question 10.
Explain the characteristics of the Economic and Social Council.
Answer:
Economic and Social Council:

(i) The main objective of this organisation is to coordinate the economic and social policies of the United Nations.
(ii) The Council has 54 members. They are selected by the General Assembly.
(iii) Each member has a tenure of three years and each year, one-third of the members are newly chosen. Decisions are taken by majority vote.
(iv) Functions:

•  Initiate discussions at the global level on issues like poverty, unemployment, economic and social inequality and suggest policies to tackle these problems.
• Discuss issues like women’s questions, empowerment of women, human rights, fundamental freedoms, global trade, health related issues, etc. and make decisions.
• Make efforts to establish cultural and educational cooperation at the international level.
• Coordinate the functioning of the different organisations working in association with the United Nations.

Activity:

Question 1.
Name the UN Secretary-General who later on became the President of his country.
Answer:
Mr. Kurt Waldheim of Austria.

Question 2.
Name the UN Secretary-General who died in an air-crash.
Answer:
Dag Hammarskjold of Sweden, died on September 18, 1961, during a Congo Mission.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 International Problems Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 International Problems

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 6 International Problems Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence:

Question 1.
Which among the following is an International problem?
(a) Border dispute between Maharashtra and Karnataka
(b) Kaveri water sharing question
(c) Problems of refugees
(d) Naxalism in Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Problems of refugees

Question 2.
Which among the following rights are not included in human rights?
(a) Right to work
(b) Right to information
(c) Children’s rights
(d) Equal pay for equal work
Answer:
(b) Right to information

Question 3.
Which among the following days is observed at an international level?
(a) Teachers’ Day
(b) Children’s Day
(c) Earth Day
(d) Flag Day
Answer:
(c) Earth Day

2. Explain with reasons whether the following statements are true or false:

Question 1.
It is necessary that all the nations should cooperate in order to find remedies of environmental degradation.
Answer:
True.

• The threat to the environment caused by pollution or by leakage of oil or gas does not remain restricted to one nation.
• Its effects are long term so it becomes necessary for nations to act with each other’s consent and cooperation in order to deal with these effects.

Question 2.
Sino-Indian relations are friendly.
Answer:
False.
The conflict between India and China is connected to two issues

• Border issue and
• Status of Tibet. India made several efforts to sort this border dispute by means of dialogue. But it has not met with much success.

3. Complete the following chart:

Question 1.
Human Rights

Answer:

Question 2.
Degradation of the Environment

Answer:

Question 3.
Terrorism

Answer:

4. Prepare the following concept map:

Question 1.

Answer:

5. Write your own opinion about :

Question 1.
Explain India’s position in establishing human rights.
Answer:
(i) The Preamble of the Indian Constitution contains the objectives of the Constitution.

(ii) It secures to its citizens: justice, social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; Equality of status and opportunity; and Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and unity and integrity of the Nation.

(iii) Fundamental Rights are assured to all the citizens of India.

(iv) In order to make these objectives effective, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy were incorporated in Part III and Part IV of our Constitution.

(v) The Supreme Court of India and the High Courts of all states issue Writs, such as:

• Habeas Corpus
• Mandamus
• Prohibition
• Certiorari
• Quo Warranto to protect human rights.

Question 2.
Narrate the effects of terrorism and suggest remedies to control it.
Answer:
(i) The 21st century terrorism is an organised system of violence and intimidation. There is a need to empathise, understand, cooperate and coordinate our efforts in dealing with terrorism at the national and international level.

(ii) Terrorism includes taking hostages; firing or bombing civilian localities that are undefended such as hospitals or schools, inhuman treatment to prisoners and destruction of property.

(iii) This leads to feeling of insecurity and helplessness among the people who are prone to terrorism. Their faith in social security and police protection is lowered and they may be psychologically affected.

(iv) Terrorism affects economic growth, political stability and social welfare of the people. It burdens our defence and police system as well. Hence the government cannot focus on its constructive programmes.

(v) Citizens should be alert about unattended luggage or bags at public places and be vigilant about suspicious men around them. They must immediately report to the authorities about the same.

(vi) The youth of the nation should volunteer in police and armed forces. The civilians must always cooperate with the police and government authorities to nab the terrorists.

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 6 International Problems Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option from the given options and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
United Nations Conference on human environment was called at Stockholm from ________.
(a) 5th to 16th June, 1972
(b) 5th to 16th July, 1972
(c) 5th to 16th June, 1971
(d) 5th to 16th July 1971
Answer:
5th to 16th June, 1972

Question 2.
The United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in ______.
(a) 1948
(b) 1966
(c) 1964
(d) 1962
Answer:
1966

Question 3.
In 1997, the conference at Kyoto laid down the protocols for the developed countries for preventing climate change. For how many years did it come to be applied?
(a) 10 years
(b) 12 years
(c) 15 years
(d) 16 years
Answer:
15 years

Question 4.
How many Articles are there in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights?
(a) 30
(b) 20
(c) 40
(d) 50
Answer:
30

Question 5.
When was the Declaration of the Rights of Child proclaimed?
(a) 30th November 1959
(b) 20th November 1959
(c) 20th December 1959
(d) 30th December 1959
Answer:
20th November 1959

Question 6.
When was the first Earth Day celebrated?
(a) 21st April, 1970
(b) 22nd April, 1970
(c) 23rd April, 1970
(d) 20th April, 1970
Answer:
22nd April, 1970

Question 7.
What led to the boycott of the regime in South Africa?
(a) Expatriation of Prisoners of War
(b) Racial Segregation
(c) Disobedience of the UN
(d) Asylum to international terrorists
Answer:
Racial Segregation

Question 8.
Which conference in 1997 laid down the protocols for developed countries for prevention of climatic changes?
(a) Conference at Copenhagen
(b) Conference at Amsterdam
(c) Conference at Kyoto
(d) Conference at Shimla
Answer:
Conference at Kyoto

Question 9.
Which institute/organisation is responsible for taking action against violation of human rights?
(a) Self Help Groups and NGOs
(b) Human Rights Commission
(c) Corporate bodies
(d) National Investigation Agency
Answer:
Human Rights Commission

State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons:

Question 1.
Human rights are necessary for living as a human being.
Answer:
True.
The concept of human rights has emerged from the concept of natural rights. Natural rights are those rights that we are endowed with because we are bom as human beings. In the same vein, human rights are those rights that are necessary for living as a human being.

Question 2.
The scope of human rights is limited.
Answer:
False.
The scope of human rights has in fact, broadened due to several issues of global nature like contagious diseases, the threat to environment, natural disasters, etc. Human rights today also include goals like protection of the environment and sustainable development.

Question 3.
Only internal security is threatened due to terrorist attacks.
Answer:
False.
The aim of a terrorist attack is not to endanger the geographical boundaries, but to challenge a regime in a country or refuse to acknowledge the existence of the State. This means that due to increasing terrorism, the internal security of a country is threatened in addition to its external security.

Question 4.
Once the refugees reach a safe place, they have new challenges.
Answer:
True.
Once the refugees reach a safe place, they need to find work, a place to live and other problems of a day to day nature. If the language and culture in the other nation are different, then adjusting to that poses difficulties. There is also no assurance that the people of a nation which gives shelter to the refugees will accept them.

Explain the concept:

Question 1.
Human Rights
Answer:
The concept of human rights has emerged from the concept of natural rights. Natural rights are those rights that we are endowed with because we are born as human beings. Human rights are those rights that are necessary for living as a human being and as a constituent of society.

Question 2.
Refugees
Answer:
People who have to leave their motherland against their wishes or are forced to go to other nations, seeking refuge or for security are called as refugees. People become refugees due to torture or persecution for belonging to a particular race or religion, due to war or a disaster, etc. In such situations people are forced to leave their own country and seek shelter in another country.

Question 3.
Terrorism
Answer:
Terrorism is spreading fear and terror in a society by using or threatening to use violence against common and innocent people for achieving political goals. Terrorism can be described as organised and planned violence.

Question 4.
Traditional War
Answer:
Traditional war is a conflict between two or more sovereign states. In such wars, the geographical boundaries between nations acquire importance, i.e. national security is connected with geographical boundaries.

Question 5.
Stockholm Conference 1972.
Answer:
(i) In order to discuss the immediate and long term problems related to the environment and to find solutions on them, a United Nations Conference on human environment was called at Stockholm from 5th to 16th June, 1972.

(ii) It was stressed that it is the responsibility of all nations to cooperate to overcome pollution.

(iii) The developing nations feel that the developed nations are more responsible for the decline of the environment and they should take the responsibility for stopping the decline.

(iv) Non-governmental organisations working in the field of environmental protection were also present and assumed a bigger role in the decision making process at international conferences regarding the environment.

(v) The issue of the protection of the common global wealth was raised.

(vi) A consensus emerged that it was the responsibility of all the nations to protect these resources.

(vii) It was after this conference that the United Nations created the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

(viii) Many international treaties about environment were signed after this conference.

(ix) Several rules were made about the protection of environment. Environmental movements started on a large scale at national as well as at the international level.

Complete the following Chart/Concept Maps:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Which difficulties are faced by people who are forced to leave their own country?
Answer:
(i) When people of any country are forced to leave their own country as refugees, they have to face many problems.

(ii) The most important problem is to decide where to go. They have questions like will that nation give us shelter.

(iii) Secondly, they have to also take along with them other members of their family. It involves a lot of physical and emotional stress.

(iv) Apart from this, there are problems caused by natural elements like heat, rain, storms, as well as shortages of food, sickness, an enemy in pursuit, etc. In this process, many people lose their lives.

Question 2.
What was the Stockholm Conference of 1972 about?
Answer:
In order to discuss the immediate and long-term problems related to the environment and to find solutions to them, a United Nations Conference on human-environment was called at Stockholm from 5th to 16th June 1972.

Question 3.
What are the new challenges faced by refugees on reaching a safe place?
Answer:
(i) Once the refugees reach a safe place, they have new challenges. They need to find work, a place to live and other problems of a day to day nature.

(ii) If the language and culture in the other nation are different, then adjusting to that poses difficulties. There is no assurance that the people in the nation which gives shelter to the refugees will accept them.

Question 4.
What did the Environmental Conference of Rio (1992) emphasise on?
Answer:
(i) In this conference, the idea of sustainable development was stressed upon.

(ii) Different treaties regarding bio-diversity, climate change due to greenhouse gases, protection of forests, etc. were signed.

Question 5.
State the highlights of the conference on climatic change at Paris (2015).
Answer:
(i) A conference on climate change was held at Paris in November 2015.

(ii) An appeal was made in this conference that all nations should make concerted efforts to stop climate change and global warming and that the developed countries should help the developing countries to acquire the technology to achieve these goals.

Question 6.
What measures have been taken so far to save the refugees?
Answer:
(i) In 1951, some provisions were made regarding the question of refugees at the international level. One such provision was that the refugees will not be forcefully sent back to their country against their wishes.

(ii) Similarly an office of the High Commissioner of the United Nations has been established to solve their problems.

Question 7.
Give some examples of refugees.
Answer:
(i) Before the Second World War, the Jews were tortured in Germany.

(ii) Their citizenships and properties were confiscated. Due to this, the Jews became refugees.

(iii) In 1971, the people in East Pakistan turned refugees and came to India seeking refuge due to political and religious persecution.

(iv) In the last few years due to the war-like situation in Iraq and Syria, a lot of people are leaving Syria as refugees. We can cite many such example of refugees.

Question 8.
Which problems are faced by the host nation that agrees to provide shelter to the refugees?
Answer:
(i) As the number of refugees increases, the strain on the economy of the host nation increases. A shortage of essential goods is created; there may be an increase in crime or even inflation.

(ii) The locals may lose their jobs; a problem of law and order may crop up. Many such problems may emerge.

(iii) Due to these problems, many nations are not ready to give shelter to refugees and to resettle them.

Question 9.
Which steps can be taken for preservation of human rights?
Answer:
(i) If all nations safeguarded and fostered human rights, exploitation and violence would reduce. All people would be able to achieve their own development safely and securely.

(ii) Human rights could be more effectively implemented if the environment is safeguarded and if terrorism is completely wiped out.

(iii) No group of people will have to become refugees. For this, all nations have to come together, cooperate with each other, take concrete action and bring about actual change.

Question 10.
Many nations are not ready to give shelter to refugees. Why?
Answer:
Many nations are not prepared to give shelter to refugees because:

• As the number of refugees increases, the strain on the economy of the host nation increases.
• A shortage of essential goods is created; there may be an increase in crime or even inflation.
• The locals may lose their jobs; a problem of law and order may crop up.
• Many such problems may emerge.

Question 11.
The problems relating to the environment are inherently of a global nature. How?
Answer:
(i) The threat to the environment caused by pollution or by leakage of oil or gas does not remain restricted to one nation.

(ii) The visible effects of the decline of environment are extinction of species of plants and animals, decrease in the fertility of soil, water shortage, fluctuation in the proportion of rainfall, global warming, drying up of rivers and lakes, pollution of rivers and seas, incidence of newer diseases, acid rain, thinning of the ozone layer, etc.

(iii) Even if some of the effects are restricted to particular nations, these problems reach global proportions due to their long term effects, while some problems are inherently of a global nature.

Question 12.
How is terrorist war different from traditional war?
Answer:
(i) Terrorist conflict is different from traditional war.

(ii) Traditional war is a conflict between two or more sovereign states.

(iii) In such wars, the geographical boundaries between nations acquire importance, i.e. national security is connected with geographical boundaries.

(iv) On the other hand, in the case of terrorism, terrorist groups can cause violence in any part of the world from anywhere in the world.

(v) The aim of a terrorist attack is not to endanger the geographical boundaries, but to challenge a regime in a country or refuse to acknowledge the existence of the state.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 11 Transport and Communication

Class 9 Geography Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Differentiate between:

(A) Railways and roadways
Answer:

Basis	Railways	Roadways
(1) Carrying Capacity	Carrying capacity is more	Carrying capacity is limited
(2) Distance	Suitable for long distances	Suitable for short distance
(3) Door to door service	Railway does not provide door to door service.	Roadways provide door to door service.
(4) Traffic	There is no problem of traffic jam on railways.	There is a problem of traffic jam on roadways.
(5) Pollution	Railways do not create a problem of air pollution.	Roadways create a problem of air pollution.

(B) Transportation and communication
Answer:

Basis	Transportation	Communication
(1) Meaning	Transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.	Communication is the exchange of information, ideas and messages by speaking, writing or some other medium.
(2) Means	It is done through railways, roadways, waterways, airways and pipelines.	It is done through telephones, mobiles, video-conferencing, email and post etc.
(3) Threats	The threats like a traffic jams, accidents, noise pollution, air pollution are associated with transportation.	The threats like technical issues, cyber crimes, etc. are associated with the communication.

(C) Conventional and modern means of communication.
Answer:

Basis	Conventional means of Communication	Modem means of Communication
(1) Meaning	The means of communication – used since olden times – conventional means of communication.	The means of communication – used in modern times – modern means of communication.
(2) Examples	Letter, newspapers, radio, television.	Mobile phone, internet, etc.
(3) Interaction	May not facilitate the direct interaction between – sender and receivers of information.	Facilitates the direct interaction between – sender and the receivers of information.

2. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
‘Newspapers are used for communication’. Explain the statement.
Answer:

• The news related to economic events, politics, social issues, culture, education, etc. are published in newspapers.
• Newspapers arecheap means of communication. Through newspapers information gets spread to masses at a time.
• Newspapers are published in various languages.
• In this way, newspapers are used for communication.

Thus, newspapers are used for communication.

Question 2.
Explain how T.V. is a cheap means of communication.
Answer:

• Various programs, serials, etc. related to entertainment, social issues, culture, education, politics, economic events, sports, weather conditions, etc. are broadcasted on television.
• Through television the information is exchanged to masses at a time with high speed.
• Television can broadcast both audio and video for communication. In this way, television is a cheap means of communication.

Thus, TV is a cheap means of communication.

Question 3.
What types of communications can be done through mobiles?
Answer:

• Calling and SMS (Short message system) facilitates easy one-to-one communication, using mobiles anywhere and at any time.
• Video conferencing and applications like ‘Whatsapp’ allow one to communicate with many people simultaneously.
• Various functions like, money transfer, payment of bills, purchase of goods and services and online trading can be done using smart phones’ various apps like BHIM, SBI anywhere, etc.
• Internet and social media can also be accessed through mobile phones.

3. Name them on the basis of the given information:

Question 1.
Five cities with airways services in Maharashtra
Answer:
Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Kolhapur, Aurangabad, Nashik and Nanded.

Question 2.
Services available in post offices
Answer:

• Financial Services: Saving schemes, insurance services and mutual fund.
• Mail services: Speed post, postcard, parcel and courier.

Question 3.
National Highways near your area
Answer:

• Mumbai- Goa Highway (NH 66)
• Mumbai- Bangaluru highway (NH 04)
• Mumbai- Agra Highway (NH 08)
  Note: Answer may vary.

Question 4.
Ports along the coast of Maharashtra
Answer:

• Malvan
• Venture
• Vasai
• Dahanu
• Gharapuri

4. Identify the relation and match the columns making a chain

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’	Group ‘C’
(1) Postal services	Roadways	Speed post
(2) Shivneri	World network of connected computers	Exchange of information
(3) Internet	Conventional means of communication	Comfortable journey
(4) RoRo transport	Railways	Energy, time and labour saving

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’	Group ‘C’
(1) Postal services	Conventional means of communication	Speed post.
(2) Shivneri	Roadways	Comfortable journey.
(3) Internet	World network of connected computers	Exchange of information.
(4) RoRo transport	Railways	Energy, time and labour saving.

5. Read the following maps and answer the questions:

Question 1.
In which region do you find a dense network of transport routes in the map?
Answer:
The central part of the district has dense network of transport routes.

Question 2.
How is the physiography of the region with dense network?
Answer:
The central part of the district has lower and medium elevation as compared to the Western part.

Question 3.
Which region has a sparse network of transport routes?
Answer:
The transport network is sparse in the Eastern part of the district.

Question 4.
How is the physiography of this region?
Answer:
The region with sparse network of transport . routes is comparatively of lower and medium elevations.

Question 5.
Look for the region lacking transport routes.
Answer:
The Western region lacks transport routes.

Question 6.
What kind of obstruction can you find there?
Answer:
Sahyadri Mountains and Shivsagar reservoir of Koyna dam are the obstructions found here.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Intext Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Complete the following table:

Transport	Means of	Used for
Route	Transport
Roadways	Rickshaw	Passengers
Roadways	Trucks
	Metro
Waterways
	Helicopter
Airways
	Submarine
Waterways		Freight
	Mules
Railways
Pipelines

Answer:

Transport	Means of Transport	Used for
Roadways	Rickshaw	Passengers
Roadways	Trucks	Goods
Railways	Metro	Passengers
Waterways	Cruise/Boats	Passengers
Airways	Helicopter	Passengers
Airways	Aeroplane	Passengers
Waterways	Submarine	Defence & Research
Waterways	Cargo-ship	Freight / Goods
Roadways	Mules	Goods
Railways	Cargo goods train	Goods
Pipelines	Pipes	Oil, Water and Gas

Can you tell?

We have given some specific conditions. In this context, tell with reasons which means of transport route will you take?

Question 1.
You have to reach Bhopal from Nagpur due to some emergency.
Answer:
Airways : As it is the fastest mode of transport.

Question 2.
You have to reach Kanyakumari carrying the message of cleanliness. There is no time limit for it.
Answer:
Roadways : Since roadways connect even the remotest places the message can reach to all persons.

Question 3.
Send the Alphonso mangoes from Konkan to Arab countries.
Answer:
Airways – Since mango is a perishable commodity, the fastest mode of transportation is used. ,

Question 4.
Indrayani variety of rice has to be exported from Pune to Cape Town of South Africa at low expenditure.
Answer:
In such conditions, we will choose waterways as a route and ship as a means of transport. Because rice is comparatively durable agricultural good in the given situation it has to be transported at low cost.

Question 5.
Large-scale production of vegetables in Nandurbar has taken place but is not fetching a good price. The Nagpur-Surat National Highway and the Surat-Bhusawal Railway line passes through the district.
Answer:
In a given situation, we will choose roadways and railways as a route and truck and goods’ ways/train respectively as a means of transport. Because the highway and railway line that pass through the district, connects the important towns and cities from the district.

Question 6.
You have to go to Singapore from your village/ town. You have 10 days to do the same.
Answer:
Roadway and Airways: I will first reach the nearest airport of a city by road and then take an Airway. It is the fastest mode of transport.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Make a list of various means of communication you are aware of.
Answer:
Letters, radio, television, telephones, mobile phones, newspaper, internet, satellites etc. are the various means of communication.

Question 2.
How many of these do you actually use? Make a box around them.
Answer:

Question 3.
For what do you use them ?
Answer:
We use these means of communication to exchange important information, ideas, opinions etc. with friends, parents, relatives and teachers.

Question 4.
Who uses the remaining means ?
Answer:
The remaining means are used by parents, other relatives, businessmen from locality and government agencies.

Can you do it?

Observe the image and the instructions given on page 87 of the textbook and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which are the dates mentioned in the image?
Answer:
The dates mentioned are 15/5/2017 and 19/5/2017

Question 2.
What does the information in the image tell?
Answer:
The image informs that the person’s email account has been hacked. He cannot access his important files as they have been encrypted and to recover his files, he will have to pay a certain amount to the hacker.

Question 3.
What is the price asked for recovering the files and in what currency?
Answer:
The price asked for recovering the files is 300 US dollars in bitcoins.

Question 4.
What is the type of crime here?
Answer:
This is a cyber crime.

Give it a try
Think about the transport issues you come across during your journeys. Write the innovative changes you would suggest in the transport routes or means in your copy.

Question 1.
Congested city roads and Pollution
Answer:
Electric cars which are smaller and smarter.

Question 2.
Time-consuming travel
Answer:
Dedicated bus corridors, carpooling, more number of Expressways.

Give it a try

Question 1.
Look for the other uses of artificial satellites? Try to understand how they are related to your daily life?
Answer:
(a) The other uses of artificial satellites are as follows:

• Studying about other planets.
• Live broadcasting of a program/event from any region of the earth.
• Studying the resources on the earth’s surface.
• Regional planning.
• Planning defense strategies.
• Forecasting weather etc.

(b) The artificial satellites are directly or indirectly related to personal, social, educational, economic, cultural, political aspects in everyone’s daily life. For eg. through artificial satellites, one can enjoy a live program like award functions/cricket match, etc. on television.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statement choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
The price of the goods can be kept low if the transportation is ………….. .
(a) feasible
(b) expensive
(c) costly
(d) affordable
Answer:
(d) affordable

Question 2.
…………… growth gets a boost due to transportation.
(a) Physical
(b) Culture
(c) Economic
(d) Political
Answer:
(c) Economic

Question 3.
Freight transport through …………… is costlier than railways.
(a) trucks
(b) horses
(c) bullock-cart
(d) yak
Answer:
(a) trucks

Question 4.
The western part of Satara district is occupied by the …………… of its off shoots.
(a) Vindhyas
(b) Satpudas
(c) Sahyadris
(d) Aravallis
Answer:
(c) Sahyadris

Question 5.
The use of RORO (Roll on Roll off) services started in …………… railways in India.
(a) Goa
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Konkan
(d) Pune
Answer:
(c) Konkan

Question 6.
In the modem age, man-made …………… are an important and effective means of communication.
(a) planets
(b) asteroids
(c) satellites
(d) rockets
Answer:
(c) satellites

Question 7.
Satellite images obtained by …………… facilitate study of resources on Earth’s surface and help in regional planning.
(a) GPS
(b) radio
(c) remote sensing1
(d) drones
Answer:
(c) remote sensing

Question 8.
Communication is not just limited to talking on telephones or sending messages but …………… is also available now.
(a) tele-calling
(b) STD-Calling
(c) video-calling
(d) Local-calling
Answer:
(c) Video-calling

Question 9.
There is a correlation between transport routes and the …………… of region.
(a) soil type
(b) rainfall
(c) climate
(d) physiography2
Answer:
(d) physiography

Question 10.
Transport facilities can develop well in …………… region.
(a) mountainous
(b) plain
(c) forest
(d) plateau
Answer:
(b) plain

Question 11.
Shiv sagar reservoir of the …………… dam is located in the Satara district.
(a) Ram Krishna
(b) Bhakra-Nagal
(c) Koyna
(d) Tehri
Answer:
(c) Koyna

Question 12.
The …………… part of Satara district has a dense transport network.
(a) Western
(b) Central
(c) Eastern
(d) Southern
Answer:
(b) central.

Write answers in one sentence

Question 1.
What is transportation?
Answer:
The movement of goods and people from one place to another is called transportation.

Question 2.
Which are the different kinds of transport routes?
Answer:
Roadways, railways, waterways, airways and pipelines are the different kinds of transport routes.*

Question 3.
For what reasons does a region become devoid of any transport route?
Answer:
Due to mountains, valleys, rivers, reservoirs

1. remote sensing – obtaining information regarding any place or an object without actually establishing direct contact with it is called remote sensing.
2. physiography – nature and slope of land and undulating1 topography2 a region becomes devoid of any transport route.

Question 4.
Why does a dense network of transportation develop in some regions?
Answer:
A dense network of transportation develops in some regions due to lower and medium elevation, plains, flat and regular topography, etc.

Question 5.
What does Ro-Ro transport stand for?
Answer:
Ro-Ro transport is Roll-on, Roll-off transport.

Question 6.
Why was the Ro-Ro transport introduced?
Answer:
Freight transport by trucks is costlier than railways, so as a solution the Ro-Ro transport has been introduced.

Question 7.
What are Cyber Crimes?
Answer:
Crimes like website/email hacking, theft of information, economic frauds, wars, terrorism, etc. that are committed by using computers and internet are called ‘cyber crimes’.

Question 8.
How are BHIM app, SBI anywhere app useful?
Answer:
BHIM App, SBI Anywhere app, helps us to pay various bills, sell, buy and carry out various transactions through mobile phones.

Question 9.
Where was Ro-Ro service introduced for the first time in India?
Answer:
Ro-Ro service, was introduced for the first time in India by the Konkan Railway.

Give Reasons:

Question 1.
The development of transportation is an indicator of the development of that region.
Answer:

• With development of transportation there is an increase in the movement of freight and passengers of that region.
• Development of transportation develops industries and markets.
• Per capita Income (PCI) and Gross Domestic product (GDP) increases leading to economic growth.
• So it is said that development of transportation is an indicator of the development of that region.

Question 2.
Green Corridor saves many lives.
Answer:

1. Green Corridor is a route cleared of all traffic obstacles, so that a dead person’s (donor’s) organs can be speedily transported to the receiver
2. It is called ‘green’ corridor because the traffic lights are turned green for the speedy movement of the vehicle carrying the organ.
3. Thus, Green Corridor saves many lives.

Question 3.
Ro-Ro Transport helps to reduce cost of transport.
Answer:

• In Ro-Ro (Roll-on, Roll-off) transport, the trucks loaded with goods are transported to desired railway stations through a goods train.
• From there the trucks take the goods ahead to the desired locations.
• Ro-Ro transport helps to reduce the cost of transport as railways are used for the part of the distance.
• Ro-Ro transport also reduces cost of fuel and pollution caused by trucks.

Answer in details:

Question 1.
Give the Importance of transportation.
Answer:
Transportation is a basic infrastructure.
The development of transportation infrastructure is an indicator of the development of the particular region or a country.

The importance of transportation can be explained with the help of the following points :

• Extending trade and network.
• Rapid industrialisation.
• Availability of employment opportunities.
• Regional connectivity.
• Utility of the site.
• Overcoming scarcity (deficit).
• Decreasing regional imbalance1.
• Tourism development.

Question 2.
Give the Importance of a communication system.
Answer:

• Communication or exchange of information is an important process in today’s era. Communication is basic infrastructure.
• Man-made satellites are an important and effective means of communication.
• The exchange of messages through mobiles, watching progammes on television, getting updates of climatic condition etc. is possible simultaneously through man-made satellites.
• Satellite images obtained by remote sensing facilitate study of resources on earth’s surface and helps in regional planning.
• Many apps which can be used on mobile phones have been developed for the same.
• For e.g. BHIM app, SBI anywhere, etc. By using these communicational facilities, we can pay various bills, sell and buy goods and services and carry other such transactions.
• Nowadays, communication is not just limited to talking on telephone or sending messages but also video calling is available now.

Explain:

Question 1.
Factors to be kept in mind while selecting the route way and the means of transport.
Answer:
The following factors should be kept in mind while selecting the route way and means of transport:

• Distance
• Duration
• Cost
• Time
• Products
• Climate
• Market
• Routes and means
• Physiography

Question 2.
Importance of Transportation.
Answer:

1. The development of transportation infrastructure is an indicator of the development of the country or that region.
2. The reforms in the transport sector enhance the dynamicity of freight and passengers in a region.
3. Industries and markets develop. Economic growth gets a boost. Per Capita Income (PCI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increases too.
4. Transportation leads to –
   • Extending trade and network
   • Rapid industrialisation
   • Availability of employment opportunities
   • Regional connectivity
   • Utility of the site
   • Overcoming scarcity (weakness)
   • The decrease in regional imbalance
   • Tourism development

Question 3.
Importance of man-made satellites.
Answer:

• In the modern age, man-made satellites are an important and effective means of communication.
• The exchange of messages through mobiles, watching programmes on TV and getting updated information regarding climatic conditions is possible simultaneously through man-made satellites.
• Satellite images obtained by remote sensing facilitate study of resources on earth’s surface and help in regional planning.

Thus, man-made satellites are important.

Question 4.
Green Corridor.
Answer:

• It happens that sometimes a dead person has donated his organs.
• In such cases, such organs need to be transported from the donor’s location to the receiver urgently.
• For this organ transfer, all types of routes are cleared of all obstacles. This is called Green Corridor.
• Consequently, this kind of rapid transport corridor can save the receiver’s life.

Question 5.
Threats associated with means of communication.
Answer:

• Besides facilities, means of communication have a few threats associated with them.
• Many crimes are happening through the internet like website/email hacking, fraud, theft, attack, wars and terrorism. Possibilities of threats like theft of information, economic frauds, attacking important websites etc. arise.
• Therefore, one should take precautions while using social networks.
• One should not reveal personal information before ensuring safety.
• One should not put any sensitive information or personal information on social networking sites, blogs, etc.