Class 10

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 8.1 जाता अस्ताला (स्थूलवाचन) Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Aksharbharati Solutions Chapter 8.1 जाता अस्ताला (स्थूलवाचन)

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Chapter 8.1 जाता अस्ताला Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
तुम्हांला समजलेली कवितेतील सूर्याची भूमिका स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
सूर्य उदयाला येतो त्याबरोबर संपूर्ण धरा तेजोमय होते. चैतन्याने भरून जाते, संपूर्ण चराचराचे जीवनचक्र फिरू लागते. म्हणून अस्ताला जातांना सूर्याच्या मनात विचार येतो, मी अस्ताला गेल्यानंतर ही संपूर्ण धरा/पृथ्वी अंधारात बुडून जाईल. माझ्या प्रकाशाचा एक साधा कवडसाही उरणार नाही. मग या पृथ्वीवरील जीवांचं काय होईल? हा मिट्ट अंधार विश्वाच्या चैतन्याला संपवून तर टाकणार नाही ना? या विश्वाच्या चराचरात/अणुरेणूत सामावलेले जीवन, चैतन्य हा अंधार गिळून तर टाकणार नाही ना? एक अनामिक भीती त्याला छळू लागते. पृथ्वीला अंधारापासून कोणीतरी वाचवलं पाहिजे. विश्वाचे कोणीतरी भले करावे. मी अस्ताला गेल्यानंतर कोणीतरी माझे कार्य करावे या सुंदर विश्वाला प्रकाशमान करावे असे त्याला वाटते.

कवितेतली आशयावरून सूर्य हा जणू पृथ्वीचा जनक आहे, असे वाटते. एखादया पित्याला आपल्या कन्येच्या भल्याची, तिच्या चांगल्या जीवनाबद्दल चिंता असते तसाच सूर्य देखील धरेची काळजी घेणारा तिला जपणारा पिता आहे असे प्रतीत होते.

प्रश्न 2.
पणतीच्या उदाहरणातून कवितेत व्यक्त झालेला विचार स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
पणती म्हणजे अदम्य विश्वासाचे आणि साहसाचे प्रतिक आहे. वास्तविक पाहता सूर्य म्हणजे प्रकाशाचा लखलखता स्रोत, अनंत पसरलेल्या विश्वाला उजळून टाकण्याचे सामर्थ्य असलेला; म्हणून त्याच्या विनवणीला उत्तर देण्याचे धाडस कोणी करत नाही; पण साधी मातीची पणती पुढे येते आणि नम्रपणाने म्हणते, “हे स्वामी, तेजोमय भास्करा, तुझ्याएवढा धगधगता प्रकाश माझ्याकडे नाही, पण जमेल तसा या पृथ्वीवरील अंधार दूर करण्याचा मी प्रयत्न करीन.” आपल्याकडे जे काही चांगलं आहे. ते आपण दुसऱ्याला देऊ शकतो.

इतरांची मदत करू शकतो असा विचार करून प्रत्येकाने आपल्या जीवनात काहीतरी सकारात्मक कार्य करावे. पणतीच्या उदाहरणातून हाच विचार कवी रविंद्रनाथांनी व्यक्त केलेला आहे. पणतीच्या प्रकाशाने सगळा अंधार जरी दूर होणार नसला तरी दहा पावलांची वाट ती नक्कीच उजळू शकते, हा विश्वास पणतीच्या ठिकाणी दिसतो. म्हणजेच प्रत्येकाने आपली समता जाणून चांगले कार्य करावे. जे नाही त्याचा विचार न करता जे आपल्याजवळ आहे मग ते थोडं, थोडच का असेना त्याचाच उपयोग करून आपल्या जीवनात जास्तीत जास्त चांगले कार्य करण्याची प्रेरणा कवीने पणतीच्या प्रतिकातून व्यक्त केली आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
सूर्यास्ताच्या दर्शनाने मनात निर्माण होणाऱ्या भावभावना शब्दबद्ध करा,
उत्तर:
वेगवेगळ्या ठिकाणचा सूर्यास्त वेगवेगळे सौंदर्य, वेगळे भाव, वेगळे रंग निर्माण करत असतो. माणसाची मनोदशा जशी असेल तसे भावतरंग सूर्यास्ताच्या वेळी त्याच्या मनात निर्माण होत असतात.

वाळवंटाच्या ठिकाणचा सूर्यास्त. वाळूच्या विस्तीर्ण पसरलेल्या अथांग भूप्रदेशावर सोनेरी मऊसार किरणे पसरवत असतो. मन अगदी तृप्त करून तो अस्ताला जातो. तेथील वाळूचा सागर हळूहळू थंड होत जातो. शितल वाऱ्याच्या झुळका वाहू लागतात. मानव, पशू, पक्षी सुखावून जातात. वाळूचा थंड स्पर्श, वाऱ्याची थंड झुळूक यामुळे मानवी मन सुखावून जाते. त्या सुवर्णमयी वातावरणात नव्या संकल्पना, जुन्या संवेदना जाग्या होतात. कवी, लेखक, चित्रकार यांना नवीन कल्पना सुचतात.

समुद्राच्या ठिकाणी अस्ताला जाणाऱ्या सूर्यास्ताचे दर्शन मोठे विलोभनीय असते. हळू हळू सागराच्या कुशीत सामावणाऱ्या सूर्याला बघून वाटते की, हा सागरात मिसळून जातो. म्हणूनच चमकदार मोती निर्माण होतात. सुंदर रंगीत प्रवाळ आणि अनंत असे जीव निर्माण होतात. समुद्राच्या लाटांसोबत हेलकावे खात हा तेजोगोल जेव्हा सागरात सामावतो तेव्हा आपोआप त्या सृष्टीका पुढे आपण नतमस्तक होतो.

प्रश्न 4.
कवितेतील सूर्य आणि पणती या प्रतीकांचा तुम्हाला समजलेला अर्थ सविस्तर लिहा.
उत्तर:
सूर्य म्हणजे पृथ्वीचा कर्ता तिच्यावरच जीवनचक्र चालवणारा, फुलवणारा, चराचराचा निर्माता, प्रचंड शक्तीचे प्रतिक. आपण निर्मिलेल्या या पृथ्वीवरच्या जीवनाचे आपल्या अनुपस्थितीत कोणीतरी रक्षण करावे यासाठी मनापासून, कळवळून साद घालणारा तो व्याकूळ जनक किंवा निर्माता आहे असे वाटते. एखादयाच्या भल्यासाठी, कल्याणासाठी जर विनवणी करायची असेल तर आपण कितीही शक्तीशाली व ताकदवान असू तरी आपल्याला विनम्रता धारण करावी लागते. सामर्थ्याचा अहंकार बाजूला ठेवून दयाभाव व करूणा हृदयात निर्माण करावी लागते.

सहृदयता ठेवून काही काम करू लागल्यावर काहीतरी चांगले, श्रेयस आपल्या हाती नक्कीच लागते हे सूर्याच्या प्रतिकातून दिसून येते. त्या उलट, पणती म्हणजे सूर्यासमोर प्रकाशाचा एक छोटाशा कवडसा. पण सूर्याच्या विनवणीला उत्तर देण्याचे धाडस ती करते. तिच्यातला आत्मविश्वास तिला बोलण्याची हिम्मत देतो. जर इच्छा प्रबळ असली आणि सकारात्मक दृष्टीकोन ठेवून कामाला सुरुवात केली तर काहीही अशक्य नाही हे पणतीच्या प्रतिकातून जाणवते. त्याचबरोबर अगदी छोट्या जीवातही जगाला काहीतरी देण्याची. जग सुंदर करण्याची क्षमता असते हे सुद्धा पणतीच्या प्रतिकातून जाणवते.

सूर्य आणि पणती यांच्यातील संवाद स्वत:च्या कल्पनेने लिहा.

उत्तरः
सूर्य : पणती, तू खरचं खूप चांगली आहेस. तुझ्याजवळ माझ्याइतका झगझगीत प्रकाश नाही. तरी पण माझ्या अनुपस्थितीत पृथ्वीला प्रकाश देण्याचं काम स्विकारलयं याबद्दल खरचं तुझं खूप कौतुक वाटतं मला!

पणती : हे भास्करा, या पृथ्वीवरील जीवांसाठी, सृष्टीसाठी तू सतत कार्यरत असतोस. तू नसतास तर ही सृष्टी, तिचे अस्तित्व राहिलेच नसते. धरेसाठीची तुझी व्याकूळता मला समजू शकते म्हणूनच माझ्याजवळ जेवढा प्रकाश आहे त्याने मला जे काही करणे शक्य होईल तेवढं मी करण्याचा प्रयत्न करीन.

सूर्य : तू इतकी छोटी असूनही इतका मोठा विचार करतेस खरेच तुझे खूप आभार. पृथ्वीवरचा सगळ्यात प्रगत जीव म्हणजे मानव हा मात्र पृथ्वीच्या अस्तित्वाचा, पर्यावरणाचा अजिबात विचार करत नाही. विकासाच्या नावाखाली त्याने माझ्या सुंदर धरेचा नाश करायला सुरुवात केली आहे. तिला विदृप केले आहे. म्हणून मला खूप कळजी वाटते.

पणती : तुझी काळजी अगदीच योग्य आहे सूर्यदेवा. ‘विनाशकाले विपरीत बुद्धी’ अशाप्रकारे मानव वागतो आहे. आपल्या स्वार्थासाठी निसर्गाला तो अक्षरश: ओरबाडतो आहे.

सूर्य : हो ना! याच गोष्टीचा मला खूप त्रास होतो. रोज सकाळी जेव्हा पृथ्वीला उजळून टाकण्यासाठी मी येतो आणि तो पक्ष्यांचा किलबिलाट, खळाळून वाहणारे झरे, दया; डोंगर, शेते, वाळवंट, दलदली, वृक्ष, वन हे सारं जेव्हा मी बघतो, त्यावेळी मन हेलावतं हे सगळं खरंच एक दिवस नष्ट पावणार का?

पणती : हे रविराजा, इतकं चिंतीत होण्याची गरज नाही कारण आता मानवालाही या गोष्टीची जाणीव झाली आहे. तू निर्माण केलेलं हे पृथ्वीरत्न तो सांभाळण्यासाठी आता धडपडतो आहे.

सूर्य : खरचं किती आशावादी आहेस तू. मानव वेळीच जागरूक झाला आहे, हे ऐकून मला खूप बरं वाटलं. अशा आशावादी विचारांची, सहृदय माणसे जर एकत्र आली तर तो दिवस नक्कीच दूर नाही. ज्या दिवशी ही वसुंधरा पूर्वीसारखी सुजलाम् सुफलाम् व रमणीय होईल.

पणती : नक्कीच होईल, कारण आता बरीच माणसे आपापल्या परीने पर्यावरणाबद्दल काम करीत आहेत. पर्यावरणाची चळवळ सर्वत्र जोर धरत आहे. सकारात्मक विचारांची माणसे एकत्र येऊन काम करत आहेत.

सूर्य : अरे व्वा! असं होत असेल तर फारच उत्तम. जे सुंदर आहे ते सुंदरच कसे राहील यासाठी प्रत्येकाने प्रयत्न केला पाहिजे. शिवाय प्रत्येकाने ‘जगा आणि जगू क्या’, हा निसर्गाचा नियम पाळला, तर ज्याच्या त्याच्या क्रमाने जीवनक्रम सुरू राहील आणि मग ही सृष्टी निर्मळतेने भरून जाईल.

जाता अस्ताला Summary in Marathi

जाता अस्ताला पाठपरिचय‌‌

‘जाता‌ ‌अस्ताला’‌ ‌ही‌ ‌कविता‌ ‌’गुरूदेव‌ ‌रविंद्रनाथ‌ ‌टागोर’‌ ‌यांनी‌ ‌लिहिली‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌मुळात‌ ‌बंगाली‌ ‌कवितेचे‌ ‌मराठीत‌ ‌स्वैर‌ ‌रूपांतर‌ ‌श्यामला‌ ‌कुलकर्णी‌ ‌यांनी‌ ‌केले‌ ‌आहे‌ ‌.‌ ‌या‌ ‌कवितेत‌ ‌टागोर‌ ‌यांनी‌ ‌सूर्य‌ ‌आणि‌ ‌पणतीच्या‌ ‌प्रतीकांद्वारे‌ ‌अगदी‌ ‌छोट्या‌ ‌जीवातही‌ ‌जगाला‌ ‌काहीतरी‌ ‌देण्याची,‌ ‌जग‌ ‌सुंदर‌ ‌करण्याची‌ ‌क्षमता‌ ‌असते‌ ‌हे‌ ‌सांगितले‌ ‌आहे.‌‌

जाता अस्ताला Summary in English

This‌ ‌is‌ ‌a‌ ‌translation‌ ‌of‌ ‌a‌ ‌poem‌ ‌(originally‌ ‌written‌ ‌by‌ ‌Rabindranath‌ ‌Tagore‌ ‌in‌ ‌Bengali)‌ ‌by‌ ‌Shyamala‌ ‌Kulkarni.‌ ‌The‌ ‌poem‌ ‌is‌ ‌a‌ ‌comparison‌ ‌between‌ ‌the‌ ‌sun‌ ‌and‌ ‌a‌ ‌small‌ ‌lamp‌ ‌both‌ ‌of‌ ‌which‌ ‌give‌ ‌light‌ ‌to‌ ‌the‌ ‌world.‌ ‌In‌ ‌this‌ ‌own‌ ‌way,‌ ‌the‌ ‌lamp‌ ‌is‌ ‌small‌ ‌yet‌ ‌spreads‌ ‌light‌ ‌to‌ ‌the‌ ‌world.‌ ‌Its‌ ‌is‌ ‌beautifully‌ ‌shown‌ ‌how‌ ‌small‌ ‌creatures‌ ‌or‌ ‌things‌ ‌have‌ ‌the‌ ‌capacity‌ ‌to‌ ‌make‌ ‌a‌ ‌world‌ ‌beautiful.‌‌

जाता अस्ताला भावार्थ‌ ‌

जाता‌ ‌अस्ताला‌ ‌सूर्याचे‌ ‌
डोळे‌ ‌पाणावले‌ ‌
जाईन‌ ‌मी‌ ‌जर‌ ‌या‌ ‌विश्वाचे‌ ‌
होईल‌ ‌कैसे‌ ‌भले‌ ‌

‌सूर्य‌ ‌आपल्या‌ ‌प्रखर‌ ‌उष्णतेने‌ ‌संपूर्ण‌ ‌पृथ्वी‌ ‌प्रकाशित‌ ‌करून‌ ‌टाकतो.‌ ‌सूर्योदयापासून‌ ‌ते‌ ‌सूर्यास्तापर्यंत‌ ‌न‌ ‌थकता‌ ‌न‌ ‌दमता‌ ‌तो‌ ‌आपले‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌करत‌ ‌असतो.‌ ‌म्हणजेच‌ ‌संपूर्ण‌ ‌पृथ्वीला‌ ‌प्रकाशमय‌ ‌करण्याची‌ ‌जबाबदारी‌ ‌सूर्याने‌ ‌उचललेली‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌या‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌पृथ्वीवरील‌ ‌प्रत्येक‌ ‌गोष्टीची‌ ‌काळजी‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌तो‌ ‌कुटुंबाचा‌ ‌प्रमुख‌ ‌या‌ ‌नात्याने‌ ‌चिंतातुर‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌

‌आपण‌ ‌अस्ताला‌ ‌जाणार‌ ‌तेव्हा‌ ‌ही‌ ‌पृथ्वी‌ ‌अंधारमय‌ ‌होईल,‌ ‌ही‌ ‌भीती‌ ‌या‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌वाटत‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌याच‌ ‌भीतीने‌ ‌व‌ ‌पृथ्वीच्या‌ ‌काळजीपोटी‌ ‌सूर्याचे‌ ‌डोळे‌ ‌पाणावले‌ ‌आहेत.‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌वाईट‌ ‌वाटत‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌माझ्यानंतर‌ ‌या‌ ‌विश्वाचे‌ ‌काय‌ ‌होईल?‌ ‌ही‌ ‌चिंता‌ ‌या‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌लागलेली‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌अंधारामध्ये‌ ‌बुडून‌ ‌जाईल‌ ‌लगेच‌ ‌सारी‌ ‌धरा‌ ‌कुणी‌ ‌वाचवा‌ ‌या‌ ‌पृथ्वीला‌ ‌करा‌ ‌करा‌ ‌हो‌ ‌त्वरा‌‌ मावळतीला‌ ‌चाललेल्या‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌आपल्यानंतर‌ ‌या‌ ‌पृथ्वीचे‌ ‌काय‌ ‌होईल‌ ‌ही‌ ‌चिंता‌ ‌लागली‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌आपण‌ ‌अस्ताला‌ ‌गेल्यानंतर‌ ‌लगेचच‌ ‌संपूर्ण‌ ‌पृथ्वी‌ ‌अंधारामध्ये‌ ‌बुडून‌ ‌जाईल‌ ‌असे‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌वाटते.‌ ‌पृथ्वीची‌ ‌काळजी‌ ‌करणारे‌ ‌कोणीतरी‌ ‌असायला‌ ‌हवे,‌ ‌तिला‌ ‌कोणीतरी‌ ‌वाचवायला‌ ‌हवे‌ ‌असे‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌वाटते.‌ ‌त्यासाठी‌ ‌कोणीतरी‌ ‌पुढाकार‌ ‌घ्यावा,‌ ‌त्वरेने‌ ‌यावे‌ ‌असे‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌वाटते.‌ ‌आपला‌ ‌कोणीतरी‌ ‌उत्तराधिकारी‌ ‌असावा,‌ ‌आपले‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌कोणीतरी‌ ‌थोड्याफार‌ ‌प्रमाणात‌ ‌उचलावे‌ ‌अशी‌ ‌सूर्याची‌ ‌आंतरिक‌ ‌इच्छा‌ ‌आहे.‌‌

कुणी‌ ‌न‌ ‌उठती‌
‌ये‌ ‌ना‌ ‌पुढती‌
‌कुणास‌ ‌ना‌ ‌शाश्वती‌ ‌
इकडे‌ ‌तिकडे‌ ‌बघत‌ ‌हळूचि‌
‌पणती‌ ‌ये‌ ‌पुढती‌‌

सूर्याच्या‌ ‌प्रचंड‌ ‌तेजाला‌ ‌दुसरा‌ ‌पर्यायच‌ ‌नाही.‌ ‌त्याच्यासारखा‌ ‌तोच!‌ ‌त्याची‌ ‌जागा‌ ‌कोण‌ ‌चालवील?‌ ‌त्याच्यासारखे‌ ‌प्रचंड‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌कोणालाही‌ ‌जमणार‌ ‌नाही.‌ ‌या‌ ‌पृथ्वीतलावरील‌ ‌कोणीही‌ ‌सूर्याची‌ ‌जागा‌ ‌घेऊ‌ ‌शकत‌ ‌नाही.‌ ‌त्यामुळे‌ ‌कोणीही‌ ‌पुढे‌ ‌यायला‌ ‌तयार‌ ‌नाही‌ ‌कारण‌ ‌पृथ्वीवरील‌ ‌अंधार‌ ‌दूर‌ ‌करण्याची‌ ‌कोणाकडेच‌ ‌ताकद‌ ‌नाही.‌‌

तेवढ्यात‌ ‌हळू‌ ‌हळू‌ ‌मनाचे‌ ‌धाडस‌ ‌करत,‌ ‌इकडे‌ ‌तिकडे‌ ‌बघत‌ ‌एक‌ ‌पणती‌ ‌पुढे‌ ‌येते.‌ ‌खरे‌ ‌तर‌ ‌पणतीचा‌ ‌केवढा‌ ‌तो‌ ‌प्रकाश,‌ ‌पण‌ ‌ती‌ ‌पुढाकर‌ ‌घेते.‌ ‌अंधारल्या‌ ‌रात्री‌ ‌पृथ्वीवर‌ ‌थोडाफार‌ ‌प्रकाश‌ ‌देण्याची‌ ‌जबाबदारी‌ ‌ती‌ ‌स्विकारते.‌ ‌ती‌ ‌तेवढे‌ ‌धाडस‌ ‌दाखवते.‌

‌विनम्र‌ ‌भावे‌ ‌लवून‌ ‌म्हणे‌ ‌ती‌ ‌
तेजोमय‌ ‌भास्करा‌ ‌
मम‌ ‌तेजाने‌ ‌जमेल‌ ‌तैसी‌
‌उजळून‌ ‌टाकीन‌ ‌धरा‌

‌सूर्यापुढे‌ ‌आकाराने‌ ‌अगदीच‌ ‌लहान‌ ‌असणारी‌ ‌पणती‌ ‌सूर्याचे‌ ‌प्रचंड‌ ‌तेज‌ ‌जाणते‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌त्याचा‌ ‌तेजोमय‌ ‌प्रकाश‌ ‌तिला‌ ‌माहीत‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌त्याच्यापुढे‌ ‌आपण‌ ‌क्षुल्लक‌ ‌आहोत‌ ‌हेही‌ ‌तिला‌ ‌माहीत‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌तरीही‌ ‌ती‌ ‌धाडस‌ ‌करते‌ ‌आणि‌ ‌अतिशय‌ ‌विनम्रपणे‌ ‌सूर्यदेवाला‌ ‌नमस्कार‌ ‌करून‌ ‌म्हणते,‌ ‌”हे‌ ‌तेजोमय‌ ‌भास्करा,‌ ‌तुझ्याकडे‌ ‌प्रचंड‌ ‌तेज‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌मी‌ ‌बापडी‌ ‌लहानशी.‌ ‌माझ्याकडेही‌ ‌प्रकाश‌ ‌आहे‌ ‌पण‌ ‌त्याची‌ ‌तुझ्याशी‌ ‌तुलना‌ ‌होऊच‌ ‌शकत‌ ‌नाही.‌ ‌मी‌ ‌माझ्याकडे‌ ‌असणाऱ्या‌ ‌थोड्याशा‌ ‌प्रकाशाने‌ ‌जेवढी‌ ‌जमेल‌ ‌तेवढी‌ ‌पृथ्वी‌ ‌उजळून‌ ‌टाकू‌ ‌शकते.‌ ‌माझा‌ ‌तेवढाच‌ ‌’खारीचा‌ ‌वाटा’.‌ ‌माझ्यामुळे‌ ‌खूप‌ ‌मोठी‌ ‌प्रखरता‌ ‌निर्माण‌ ‌होणार‌ ‌नाही,‌ ‌परंतु‌ ‌अंधाराला‌‌ छिद्र‌ ‌पाडण्याची‌ ‌ताकत‌ ‌माझ्यात‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌तुझ्या‌ ‌जाण्याने‌ ‌तयार‌ ‌झालेला‌ ‌अंधार‌ ‌मी‌ ‌थोडाफार‌ ‌तरी‌ ‌भेदू‌ ‌शकते.‌ ‌पृथ्वी‌ ‌प्रकाशमय‌ ‌करण्याचे‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌थोड्याफार‌ ‌प्रमाणात‌ ‌का‌ ‌होईना‌ ‌मी‌ ‌करू‌ ‌शकते”,‌ ‌तसे‌ ‌आश्वासन‌ ‌ती‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌देते.‌ ‌

वच‌ ‌हे‌ ‌ऐकुनि‌ ‌त्या‌ ‌तेजाचे‌ ‌
डोळे‌ ‌ओलावले‌
‌तृप्त‌ ‌मनाने‌ ‌आणि‌ ‌रवि‌ ‌तो‌
‌झुकला‌ ‌अस्ताकडे‌‌

दैदिप्यमान‌ ‌असणाऱ्या‌ ‌सूर्यापुढे‌ ‌एवढीशी‌ ‌पणती‌ ‌बोलत‌ ‌होती. तिच्या‌ ‌बोलण्यात‌ ‌तेज‌ ‌होते.‌ ‌धाडस‌ ‌होते.‌ ‌आपण‌ ‌अस्ताला‌ ‌गेल्यानंतर‌ ‌आपले‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌थोड्याफार‌ ‌प्रमाणात‌ ‌का‌ ‌होईना‌ ‌चालू‌ ‌राहील‌ ‌याची‌ ‌शाश्वती‌ ‌सूर्याला‌ ‌मिळाली.‌ ‌छोट्याशा‌ ‌पणतीचे‌ ‌हे‌ ‌धाडस‌ ‌पाहून‌ ‌सूर्याचे‌ ‌डोळे‌ ‌ओलावले,‌ ‌त्याच्या‌ ‌डोळ्यांत‌ ‌आनंदाश्रू‌ ‌आले.‌ ‌आपल्यानंतर‌ ‌या‌ ‌पृथ्वीची‌ ‌काळजी‌ ‌घेणारे‌ ‌कोणीतरी‌ ‌आहे,‌ ‌या‌ ‌विचाराने‌ ‌तो‌ ‌तृप्त‌ ‌झाला.‌ ‌पृथ्वीमातेची‌ ‌काळजी‌ ‌घेण्याची‌ ‌जबाबदारी‌ ‌पणतीने‌ ‌उचलली‌ ‌आहे,‌ ‌या‌ ‌मनाला‌ ‌आनंद‌ ‌देणाऱ्या‌ ‌विचारातच‌ ‌सूर्य‌ ‌अस्ताकडे‌ ‌झुकला.‌ ‌सूर्य‌ ‌मावळला‌ ‌पण‌ ‌त्याचे‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌सुरू‌ ‌राहिले.‌ ‌त्याचे‌ ‌प्रकाश‌ ‌देण्याचे‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌थोड्याफार‌ ‌प्रमाणात‌ ‌का‌ ‌होईना‌ ‌पण‌ ‌पणती‌ ‌करत‌ ‌राहिली.‌‌

जाता अस्ताला शब्दार्थ‌ ‌

• जाईन‌ –‌ ‌जाणे‌
• ‌कैसे‌ – ‌कसे‌‌
• भले‌ –‌ ‌चांगले‌ ‌
• धरा‌ –‌ ‌पृथ्वी‌‌ –‌ ‌(earth)‌ ‌
• त्वरा‌ –‌ ‌घाई,‌ ‌लवकर‌ –‌ ‌(to‌ ‌be‌ ‌hurry)‌ ‌
• शाश्वती‌ ‌–‌ ‌विश्वास,‌ ‌खात्री,‌ ‌भरवसा‌ –‌ ‌(surety)‌ ‌
• पुढती‌ –‌ ‌समोर‌‌ –‌ ‌(in‌ ‌front‌ ‌of)‌ ‌
• विनम्र‌ –‌ ‌नम,‌ ‌विनयशील‌ –‌ ‌(humble)‌ ‌
• लवून‌ –‌ ‌वाकून,‌ ‌नम्र‌ ‌होऊन‌ –‌ ‌(to‌ ‌bend)‌‌
• भाव‌ –‌ ‌भावना‌‌ –‌ ‌(emotions)‌ ‌
• ‌भास्कर‌‌ –‌ ‌सूर्य‌ –‌ ‌(sun)‌ ‌
• मम‌‌ –‌ ‌माझ्या,‌ ‌माझे –‌ ‌(mine)‌ ‌
• तेजाने‌ –‌ ‌प्रकाशाने –‌ ‌(lustre)‌ ‌
• ‌वच‌‌‌‌ –‌ ‌बोलणे‌‌ –‌ ‌(saying)‌ ‌
• तृप्त‌‌ –‌ ‌समाधानी,‌ ‌संतोष‌ –‌ ‌(satisfied)‌ ‌
• ‌झुकणे –‌ ‌कलणे‌‌ –‌ ‌(to‌ ‌incline)‌‌

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 8 ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Aksharbharati Solutions Chapter 8 ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Chapter 8 ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
खालील तक्त्यात माहिती भरून तो पूर्ण करा.

उत्तरः

प्रश्न 2.
आकृती पूर्ण करा.

उत्तरः

प्रश्न 3.
कारणे लिहा.
(अ) लेखकाला शिक्षणाबद्दल आंतरिक ओढ निर्माण झाली, कारण ………………………….
उत्तरः
लेखकाला चाचणी परीक्षेची उत्तरपत्रिका घरूनच न्यावी लागे कारण लेखकाची शाळा गरीब होती. फक्त तीन पैसे किंमत असलेली उत्तरपत्रिका शाळा विदयार्थ्यांना देऊ शकत नव्हती.

(आ) लेखकाच्या आईला काँग्रेस हाऊसमध्ये काम मिळाले नाही, कारण ………………………….
उत्तरः
लेखकाच्या आईला काँग्रेस हाऊसमध्ये काम मिळाले नाही कारण तिथे फक्त तिसरी किंवा त्यापेक्षा अधिक शिकलेल्यांनाच काम दिलं जाई.

(इ) लेखकाला गिरगावातील नामांकित शाळांमध्ये प्रवेश मिळाला नाही, कारण ………………………….
उत्तर:
लेखकाला गिरगांवातील नामांकित शाळांमध्ये प्रवेश मिळाला नाही कारण प्रवेश फी ची व्यवस्था होईपर्यंत त्या शाळांमधले प्रवेश बंद झाले होते.

प्रश्न 4.
कंसातील शब्दाला योग्य विभक्ती प्रत्यय लावून रिकाम्या जागेत भरा.
(अ) आपण सगळ्यांनी …………………………. मदत केली पाहिजे. (आई)
उत्तर:
आपण सगळ्यांनी आईला मदत केली पाहिजे.

(आ) आमच्या बाईंनी प्रमुख …………………………. आभार मानले. (पाहुणे)
उत्तर:
आमच्या बाईंनी प्रमुख पाहुण्यांचे आभार मानले.

(इ) शिक्षण पूर्ण झाल्यावर मोहन सरकारी …………………………. रुजू झाला. (नोकरी)
उत्तर:
शिक्षण पूर्ण झाल्यावर मोहन सरकारी नोकरीत रुजू झाला.

प्रश्न 5.
‘पुसटशा आठवणी माझ्या मनात अधूनमधून वाऱ्याच्या लहरीसारख्या येत असतात.’
प्रस्तुत वाक्यातील अलंकार
(१)
(१) उपमेय
(२) उपमान

प्रश्न 6.
स्वमत.
(अ) ‘भावे सरांचे शब्द हीच खरी माशेलकरांची ऊर्जा’, या विधानाचा तुम्हांला समजलेला अर्थ लिहा.
उत्तरः
भिंगाच्या साहाय्याने सूर्यकिरणांची शक्ती कागदावर एकत्र केल्यास कागद जळतो, हा प्रयोग दाखवून भावे सर लेखकाला म्हणाले ‘माशेलकर तुमची उर्जा एकत्र करा. काहीही जाळता येतं.’ – याचाच अर्थ असा की ज्या विषयाचा ध्यास घेतला आहे, त्यात पूर्णपणे स्वत:ला झोकून दया, कोणतीही गोष्ट तुम्ही मिळवू शकता. साध्य करू शकता. खरोखरच आयुष्याचं फार मोठं तत्त्वज्ञान लेखकाला भावे सरांच्या शिकवणुकीतून मिळालं. त्यांना एकाग्रतेचा मंत्र मिळाला आणि विज्ञान समजलं. भावे सरांच्या शब्दांतून त्यांना पुढे जाण्याची, प्रगती करण्याची जबरदस्त ऊर्जा मिळाली.

(आ) शालेय विद्यार्थ्याच्या भूमिकेतील डॉ. माशेलकर यांचे तुम्हांला जाणवलेले गुणविशेष सोदाहरण लिहा
उत्तरः
वयाच्या सहाव्या वर्षीच लेखकांचे वडील वारल्यामुळे त्यांना व त्यांच्या आईला गिरगावातल्या खेतवाडीतील देशमुख गल्लीमध्ये ‘मालती निवासा’ तील पहिल्या माळ्यावर छोट्याशा खोलीमध्ये रहावे लागले. तेव्हा त्यांची आर्थिक परिस्थिती पूर्णपणे खालावलेली असताना. दारिद्र्याशी संघर्ष करणारी अल्पशिक्षित आईबरोबर शिक्षणाची आस असलेल्या लेखकांना रहावे लागले. यावरून परिस्थितीशी मिळते जुळते घेत आलेल्या संकटांशी सामना करणे हा गुण त्यांच्यातून दिसून येतो. महापालिकेच्या खेतवाडीतील शाळेत वयाच्या बारा वर्षांपर्यंत शिक्षण घेत असताना त्यांना पायात चप्पलही घालायला मिळाली नाही. अशा परिस्थितीत ते शाळा शिकले. यावरून शिक्षणाविषयीची त्यांची चिकाटी, आस्था या गुणांचे दर्शन घडते.

शालेय शिक्षण पूर्ण केल्यावर हायस्कूलची प्रवेश फी एकवीस रुपये होती तेवढेही रुपये त्यावेळी त्यांच्याकडे नव्हते. प्रवेश फी नसल्याने आईच्या ओळखीच्या बाई (माऊली) मदतीला धावून आली पण तोपर्यंत प्रवेश प्रक्रिया बंद झाली होती. शेवटी कसाबसा युनियन हायस्कूल मध्ये प्रवेश मिळताच लेखकांचा पुढील प्रवास सुरु झाला. छोटाशा खोलीत पूरक वातावरण नसताना लेखकांनी आपले शिक्षण थांबवले नाही, तर अशाही वातावरणात त्यांच्या जिद्दीची दाद दयावीशी वाटते. ते पुढे मिळते जुळते घेत शिकतच राहिले.

त्याचवेळी लेखकांच्या हळव्या मनावर त्यांच्या शिक्षकांच्या शिकवण्याचा जो परिणाम झाला त्यामुळे त्याच्या अभ्यासाचा पाया पक्का झाला. शिक्षणाबददल त्यांना अजून ओढ वाटू लागली.

शिक्षणाशिवाय या जगात तरणोपाय नाही हे कळल्यामुळे त्यांच्या आईने त्यांना वाटेल त्या परिस्थितीत शिकवण्याचे ठरवले. कोरे, पाठकोरे, लिहून उरलेले कागद ती एकत्र जमवायची आणि त्यांच्या वह्या करायची. अखंड पेन्सिल न मिळाल्यामुळे जेमतेम हातात धरता येईल अशा पेन्सिलनेच लिहित गेले. एके दिवशी त्यांच्या शिक्षकांनी भिंगाच्या सहाय्यानं सूर्यकिरणांची शक्ती कागदावर एकत्र केल्यास कागद जळतो हे प्रयोगाने सिदध करून दाखवले व माशेलकरांना त्यांच्यातील उर्जाशक्तीचे रुप ओळखण्यास प्रवृत्त केले. त्यावरून त्यांना एकाग्रतेचा मंत्र मिळाला आणि दुसरीकडे विज्ञान समजलं.

या सर्व प्रसंगांतून लेखकाचा आत्मविश्वास वाढवून दिला. जगण्याचे भान मिळाले. आणि पुढे लेखक फार मोठे वैज्ञानिक संशोधक झाले.

(इ) डॉ. माशेलकर यांची मातृभक्ती ज्या प्रसंगातून ठळकपणे जाणवते, ते प्रसंग पाठाधारे लिहा.

उत्तरः
स्वतःचे वडील वारल्यावर आई त्यांना घेऊन मुंबईस खेतवाडीतील देशमुख गल्लीत एका छोट्यासा पहिल्या माळ्यांवर राहिली तरीही लेखकांनी आईस कधी नाही म्हटले नाही. त्याही स्थितीत ते आईबरोबर राहिले.

हायस्कूलला शिकण्यास गेल्यावर एकवीस रूपये फी पुढील कॉलेजसाठी प्रवेश मिळवण्यासाठी नव्हती तरीही धीर न सोडता आजूबाजूच्या बिहाडांतील काही कामे करून तिने प्रवेश फीची व्यवस्था केली व प्रवेश घेतला. मात्र अशा वातावरणात लेखकांनी जिद्दीने अभ्यास केला.

उत्तरपत्रिकेची फी भरण्यासाठीचे फक्त तीन पैसे एवढेही पैसे त्यांच्याकडे नसल्याने मग आईने गिरगावातील अनेक कामे केली. प्रचंड कष्ट केले. पडेल ते काम केले. हे पाहून लेखकांच्या मनातील जिद्द अजून वाढली व ते अति जोमाने शिक्षण घेऊ लागले. इत्यादी उदाहरणांतून माशेलकरांची मातृभक्ती ठळकपणे दिसून येते.

(ई) ‘माझ्या जीवनातील शिक्षकाचे स्थान’, या विषयावर तुमचे विचार लिहा.
उत्तर:
प्रत्येकाच्या जीवनात आपल्या शिक्षकांचे स्थान फार महत्त्वपूर्ण असते. माझ्याही जीवनात शिक्षकांचे स्थान फार मोठे आहे. त्यांनी केलेल्या संस्कारांमुळे जीवनाला योग्य दिशा मिळाली, आत्मविश्वासाने पुढे जाण्याची शक्ती मिळाली. मी आज ज्या मोठ्या पदावर पोहोचलो आहे ते केवळ माझ्या शिक्षकांच्या मार्गदर्शनामुळेच, म्हणून माझ्या जीवनात माझ्या शिक्षकांचे स्थान फार मोठे आहे.

Marathi Akshar Bharati Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न १. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा,

प्रश्न 2.
ओघ तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
योग्य पर्याय शोधून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.

(i) ……………………….. हीच प्रत्येक मुलाची पहिली शिक्षक असते. (ताई, माई, आई, बाई)
उत्तर:
(i) आई

(ii) आमचे मूळ गाव ……………………….. गोव्यातील माशेल. (उत्तर, पूर्व, पश्चिम, दक्षिण)
उत्तर:
(ii) दक्षिण

(iii) मी आणि माझी आई ……………………….. येऊन पोहोचलो. (गोव्यात, अमरावतीत, मुंबईत, पुण्यात)
उत्तर:
(iii) मुंबईत

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 2.
कोण ते लिहा.
(i) दारिद्र्याशी संषर्घ करणारी – लेखकाची आई
(ii) शाळेत कसा जाऊ? असे प्रश्नचिन्ह घेऊन वावरणारे – लेखक माशेलकर

प्रश्न 3.
घटना आणि परिणाम लिहा.

प्रश्न 4.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) लेखकाच्या गिरगावातल्या शाळेचे नाव काय होते?
उत्तरः
लेखकाच्या गिरगावातल्या शाळेचे नाव ‘युनियन हायस्कूल’ असे होते.

(ii) लेखक आपल्या आईचे व मामाचे ऋण का मानतात?
उत्तरः
युनियन हायस्कुल व त्यांच्यावर संस्कार करणाऱ्या शिक्षकांशी संपर्क यांच्यामुळे आला म्हणून लेखक आईचे व मामाचे ऋण मानतात.

(iii) लेखकाच्या बाबतीत त्यांचे सर्वस्व कोण होते?
उत्तर:
लेखकाच्या बाबतीत त्यांचे सर्वस्व आई होती.

(iv) उदहनिर्वाहासाठी लेखक आणि त्यांच्या आईला कुठे जावे लागले?
उत्तरः
उदरनिर्वाहासाठी लेखक आणि त्यांच्या आईला मुंबईला जावे लागले.

प्रश्न 5.
जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i – आ),
(ii – ई),
(iii – अ),
(iv – इ)

प्रश्न 6.
उताऱ्यानुसार वाक्यांचा क्रम लावा.
(i) मी आणि माझी आई मुंबईत येऊन पोहोचलो.
(ii) माझे बालपण तिथेच गेले.
(iii) माझ्या वयाच्या सहाव्या वर्षी माझे वडील वारले.
(iv) आम्हांला उदरनिर्वाहासाठी आमचे माशेल हे गाव सोडावे लागले.
उत्तर:
(i) माझे बालपण तिथेच गेले.
(ii) माझ्या वयाच्या सहाव्या वर्षी माझे वडील वारले.
(iii) आम्हांला उदरनिर्वाहासाठी आमचे माशेल हे गाव सोडावे लागले.
(iv) मी आणि माझी आई मुंबईत येऊन पोहोचलो.

प्रश्न 7.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
लेखकाच्या बालपणीच्या काळाचं वर्णन तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
लेखकाचे बालपण गोव्यातील माशेल या गावी गेले. आई, वडील आणि त्यांचे मामाही याच गावात राहात होते. माशेलच्या मैदानावर खेळल्याच्या, तिथल्या पिंपळकट्ट्यावर बसून निवांतपणा अनुभवल्याच्या आठवणी त्यांना आठवतात. वयाच्या सहाव्या वर्षी त्यांचे वडील वारले. त्यामुळे पोट भरण्यासाठी त्यांना व त्यांच्या आईला माशेल सोडून मुंबईला यावे लागले.

प्रश्न 2.
आपल्या शालेय शिक्षणातील अडचणींचे वर्णन लेखकाने कसे केले आहे?
उत्तरः
वयाच्या ६व्या वर्षी लेखकाचे वडील वारले म्हणून त्यांच्या आईला व त्यांना माशेल सोडून मुंबईला यावे लागले. त्यांची आर्थिक परिस्थिती पूर्ण खालावलेली होती. शिक्षण घेण्यासाठी लेखक खूप उत्सुक होते. पण फी भरणे शक्य नसल्यामुळे आपण शाळेत जाऊ शकू की, नाही असे त्यांना वाटत असे.

प्रश्न 3.
माशेलहून मुंबईला आल्यावर लेखकाची व त्याच्या आईची स्थिती कशी होती ते थोडक्यात लिहा.
उत्तरः
वडिलांच्या निधनामुळे लेखक व त्यांची आई उदरनिर्वाहासाठी मुंबईला आले. त्यांची आर्थिक परिस्थिती पूर्णपणे खालावलेली होती. गिरगावातल्या खेतवाडीतील देशमुख गल्लीमध्ये मालती निवासातील पहिल्या माळ्यावर छोट्याशा खोलीत ते राहत होते. लेखकाच्या आईकडे उदरनिर्वाहाचे कोणतेच साधन नसल्यामुळे तिला व लेखकाला खूप गरिबीत दिवस काढावे लागले. शाळेची फी भरणेही त्यांच्या आईला शक्य नव्हते.

प्रश्न 4.
लेखकाची शाळा व शिक्षक यांच्याबद्दल माहिती तुमच्या शब्दात लिहा.
उत्तरः
लेखक सहा वर्षाचे असतानाच त्यांचे वडील वारले म्हणून त्यांच्या आईला व त्यांना मुंबईला यावे लागले. त्यांच्या मामांच्या प्रयत्नांनी व आईच्या कष्टाळूवृत्तीमुळे त्यांचे शिक्षण सुरू झाले. गिरगावातल्या युनियन हायस्कूलमध्ये त्यांना प्रवेश मिळाला. या शाळेतील सर्वच शिक्षक अत्यंत प्रेमळ व आपुलकीनं संस्कार करणारे होते आणि त्यांच्या मार्गदर्शनामुळे लेखकाच्या जीवनाला योग्य ती दिशा मिळाली.

प्रश्न २. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) माशेलहून लेखकाचे मामा मुंबईला आले कारण . . .
उत्तर:
माशेलहून लेखकाचे मामा मुंबईला आले कारण त्यांना लेखकाच्या शिक्षणाची सोय करायची होती.

(ii) वयाच्या बाराव्या वर्षापर्यंत लेखकाला अनवाणीच राहावे लागले कारण . . .
उत्तरः
वयाच्या बाराव्या वर्षापर्यंत लेखकाला अनवाणीच राहावे लागले कारण लेखकाच्या आईची आर्थिक परिस्थिती अत्यंत खालावलेली होती त्यामुळे ती लेखकासाठी चप्पल खरेदी करू शकत नव्हती.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) कोणामुळे लेखकाला खेतवाडीतील प्राथमिक शाळेत प्रवेश मिळू शकला?
उत्तर:
लेखकाच्या मामांमुळे त्यांना खेतवाडीतील प्राथमिक शाळेत प्रवेश मिळू शकला.

(ii) लेखकाच्या हायस्कूलची प्रवेश फी किती रुपये होती?
उत्तरः
लेखकाच्या हायस्कूलची प्रवेश फी एकवीस रुपये होती.

(iii) लेखकाच्या आईने कशाप्रकारे पैसे जमवण्यास सुरुवात केली?
उत्तरः
लेखकाच्या आईने आजूबाजूच्या बिहाडांतील काही कामे करून पैसे जमवण्यास सुरुवात केली.

प्रश्न 4.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून रिकाम्या जागा भरा,
(i) माझ्याप्रमाणेच शाळेचीही परिस्थिती …………………………… होती. (चांगली, गुणवत्तापूर्वक, बेताचीच, हालाखीची)
(ii) पण तोपर्यंत …………………………… त्यावेळच्या नामांकित शाळांमधले प्रवेश बंद झाले होते. (गोरेगावातील, मुंबईतील, गिरगावातील, गोव्यातील)
(iii) अखेर …………………………… हायस्कूलमध्ये मला प्रवेश मिळाला. (युनिटी, युनियन, न्यू इंग्लिश)
उत्तर:
(i) बेताचीच
(ii) गिरगावातील
(iii) युनियन

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कोण ते लिहा.
(i) माशेलहून मुंबईला आलेले. – [लेखकाचे मामा]
(ii) यांना युनियन हायस्कूलमध्ये प्रवेश मिळाला – [लेखकाला]
(iii) मनानं श्रीमंत असलेले – [लेखकाचे शिक्षक]

प्रश्न 3.
उताऱ्यानुसार वाक्यांचा क्रम लावा.
(i) तिच्या परिचयातील एक माऊली मदतीला धावली.
(ii) माध्यमिक शिक्षणाचा पुढील टप्पा सुरू झाला.
(iii) माशेलहून मुंबईत आलेले माझे मामाही मदतीला आले.
(iv) वयाच्या बाराव्या वर्षापर्यंत मला अनवाणीच राहावं लागलं.
उत्तर:
(i) माशेलहून मुंबईत आलेले माझे मामाही मदतीला आले.
(ii) वयाच्या बाराव्या वर्षापर्यंत मला अनवाणीच राहावं लागलं.
(iii) तिच्या परिचयातील एक माऊली मदतीला धावली.
(iv) माध्यमिक शिक्षणाचा पुढील टप्पा सुरू झाला.

प्रश्न 4.
जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i – इ),
(ii – ई),
(iii – आ),
(iv – अ)

प्रश्न 5.
सहसंबंध लिहा.
(i) प्राथमिक : शाळा :: माध्यमिक : ……………………..
(ii) अपूरी : जागा :: पूरक : ……………………..
उत्तर:
(i) शिक्षण
(ii) वातावरण

प्रश्न 6.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
‘पण त्याही परिस्थितीत मी जिद्दीने अभ्यास करत राहिलो’ हे विधान तुमच्या शब्दांत स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
शालेय शिक्षण पूर्ण झाल्यानंतर हायस्कूल शिक्षणाच्या वेळी लेखकांसमोर अनेक अडचणी निर्माण झाल्या. अनवाणी शाळेत गेले. छोट्याशा खोलीतली जागा अपुरी पडत होती. अभ्यासाला पूरक वातावरण नव्हते. अनेक अडीअडचणी आणि अभाव सहन करून लेखक जिद्दीने अभ्यास करत राहिले आणि परीक्षेत चांगले यश मिळवले.

प्रश्न 2.
लेखकाच्या आईचे वर्णन उताऱ्याच्या आधारे तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
पतीच्या निधनामुळे आर्थिक परिस्थिती पूर्णपणे खालावलेल्या स्थितीत ती आपल्या मुलाला घेऊन मुंबईला आली. विपरीत परिस्थितीतही तिने धीर सोडला नाही. मिळेल ते, पडेल ते काम तिने केले. पण आपल्या मुलाच्या शिक्षणासाठी ती खंबीरपणे त्याच्या पाठी उभी राहिली. परिस्थितीला शरण न जाता धीराने वागणारी अत्यंत कष्टाळू अशी लेखकाची आई होती.

प्रश्न 3.
लेखकाला युनियन हायस्कूलमध्ये कशाप्रकारे प्रवेश मिळाला?
उत्तरः
लेखकाच्या हायस्कूल प्रवेशाच्या वेळी लेखकाच्या आईची आर्थिक परिस्थिती अत्यंत बिकट होती. पण लेखकाच्या आईने पडेल ते काम केले आणि एका सहृदय मातेने मदत केली. अशा प्रकारे २१ रुपये फी जमवली. तो पर्यंत सर्व चांगल्या शाळांमधले प्रवेश बंद झाले होते. म्हणून मग त्यांनी युनियन हायस्कूलमध्ये प्रवेश घेतला. याच युनियन हायस्कूलमधील शिक्षक, त्यांचे संस्कार, तेथील शिक्षण यामुळे जीवनातल्या अनेक प्रगतीच्या वाटा लेखकासमोर निर्माण झाल्या.

प्रश्न ३. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पुर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) ……………………….. एक आंतरिक ओढ वाटू लागली. (शिक्षणाबद्दल, खेळाबद्दल, कलेबद्दल, शाळेबद्दल)
(ii) त्यावेळी उत्तरपत्रिकेची किंमत फक्त ……………………….. पैसे असायची. (एक, दोन, तीन, चार)
(iii) अखंड ……………………….. मला मिळणं अवघड होतं. (पेन्सिल, पेन, वही, फळा)
उत्तर:
(i) शिक्षणाबद्दल
(ii) तीन
(iii) पेन्सिल

प्रश्न 3.
जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i – ई),
(ii – इ),
(iii – आ),
(iv – अ)

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) जेमतेम हातात धरता येईल अशा पेन्सिलीन लेखकाला लिहावं लागे कारण . . . . .
उत्तर:
जेमतेम हातात धरता येईल अशा पेन्सिलीनं लेखकाला लिहावं लागे कारण अखंड पेन्सिल विकत घेण्याएवढे पैसे लेखकाच्या आईकडे नव्हते.

प्रश्न 3.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) लेखकाची आई काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ का गेली?
उत्तर:
तिथे काही काम मिळणार आहे, अशी बातमी कळाल्याने लेखकाची आई काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ गेली.

(ii) लेखकाच्या आईने लेखकासाठी कशाप्रकारे वह्या बनवल्या?
उत्तर:
कोरे, पाठकोरे, लिहून उरलेले कागद एकत्र जमा करून लेखकाच्या आईने लेखकासाठी वह्या बनवल्या.

(iii) लेखकाच्या हायस्कूलमध्ये नेहमी कोणत्या दिवशी चाचणी परीक्षा घेण्यात येत असे?
उत्तरः
लेखकाच्या हायस्कूलमध्ये दर शनिवारी चाचणी परीक्षा घेण्यात येत असे.

(iv) काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ काम न मिळाल्याने लेखकाच्या आईने काय ठरविले?
उत्तर:
काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ काम न मिळाल्याने आपल्या मुलाला म्हणजेच लेखकाला खूप शिकवेन, असे त्यांच्या आईने ठरवले.

प्रश्न 4.
उताऱ्यानुसार घटनांचा क्रम लावा.

(i) तिनं ठरवलं, की मी माझ्या मुलाला खूप शिकवीन.
(ii) रांगेत उभी राहिली, तशीच ताटकळत.
(iii) ती नाराज झाली, घराकडं मागं फिरली.
(iv) काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ काही काम मिळणार आहे, असं समजल्यानं एकदा ती तिकडं गेली.
उत्तर:
(i) काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ काही काम मिळणार आहे, असं समजल्यानं एकदा ती तिकडं गेली.
(ii) रांगेत उभी राहिली, तशीच ताटकळत.
(iii) ती नाराज झाली, घराकडं मागं फिरली.
(iv) तिनं ठरवलं, की ‘मी माझ्या मुलाला खूप शिकवीन,

प्रश्न 5.
सहसंबंध लिहा.
(i) सेवाभावी : वृत्ती :: प्रचंड : …………………………….
(ii) अंगावर : काटा :: डोळ्यांत : …………………………….
उत्तर:
(i) कष्ट
(ii) पाणी

कृती ३: स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
युनियन हायस्कूलमधील शिक्षकांबद्दल लेखकाने सांगितलेल्या आठवणी तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
युनियन हायस्कूलमधले सगळे शिक्षक खूप प्रेमळ होते. त्यांची वृत्ती सेवाभावी होती. विदयार्थ्यांना शिकवताना ते स्वत:ला झोकून देत असत. लेखकाच्या शालेय जीवनात त्यांनी अगदी निरपेक्ष भावनेने मार्गदर्शन केले. यामुळे लेखकाच्या शालेय अभ्यासाचा पाया पक्का झाला असे नाही तर आयुष्याचा पाया देखील पक्का झाला. त्यामुळेच लेखकाच्या मनात शिक्षणाबद्दल आंतरिक ओढ निर्माण झाली.

प्रश्न 2.
लेखकाच्या आईला काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ काम मिळाले नाही याचे वर्णन तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
लेखकाच्या शाळेत दर शनिवारी चाचणी परीक्षा असायची उत्तरपत्रिका घरून आणावी लागे. तिची किंमत तीन पैसे असायची पैशाची व्यवस्था करण्यासाठी ती काँग्रेस हाऊसजवळ काम मिळेल या आशेने खूप वेळ रांगेत ताटकळत उभी राहिली. त्यानंतर तिला कळले की, तिसरी किंवा त्यापेक्षा जास्त शिकलेल्यांनाच या ठिकाणी काम मिळतं. त्यामुळे तिची खूप निराशा झाली. तेव्हाच आपल्या मुलाला खूप शिकवायचं असा निश्चय तिने केला.

प्रश्न 3.
लेखकाच्या शिक्षणासाठी लेखकाच्या आईने कोणते कष्ट सोसले ते लिहा.
उत्तरः
लेखकासोबत ती अत्यंत छोट्याशा घरात राहिली. प्रचंड कष्ट केले. पडेल ते काम केले. व लेखकाच्या शिक्षणासाठी पैसे जमवले. कोरे,पाठकोरे कागद जमवून ती लेखकासाठी वह्या तयार करायची. छोट्या-छोट्या का होईना त्या पेन्सिली ती लेखकाला लिहायला यायची. कोणत्याही परिस्थितीत लेखकाच्या शिक्षणात खंड पडू नये यासाठी ती सतत प्रयत्नशील असायची.

प्रश्न 4.
आपल्या आईबद्दलच्या लेखकाच्या भावना तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
लेखक म्हणतात माझ्या आईच्या श्रमाला, कष्टाला तोड नाही. तिच्या श्रमाचं वर्णन करताना ते भावूक होऊन म्हणतात की, माझ्या आईचे श्रम आठवले की, माझ्या डोळ्यात अश्रू उभे राहतात. अशा या प्रचंड कष्ट करणाऱ्या आईचे लेखक सदैव ऋण मानतात. तिला ते आपली पहिली शिक्षक व सर्वस्व मानतात. प्रश्न ४. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा,

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील कृती करा.

(i) ‘भौतिक शास्त्र’ असे उत्तर येईल असा प्रश्न तयार करा?
उत्तरः
भावे सर कोणता विषय शिकवत असतं?

(ii) विषयाची गोडी लावली, असे उत्तर येईल असा प्रश्न तयार करा.
उत्तर:
विज्ञान शिकवताना भावे सरांनी आणखी कोणती गोष्ट साधली?

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
रिकाम्या जागा भरा.

(i) ……………………………. हा विषय शिकवताना त्यांनी केवळ शास्त्र शिकवलं नाही, तर त्या विषयाची गोडी लावली. (भूगोलातील, मराठीतील, इंग्रजीतील, विज्ञानातील)
(ii) भिंगाच्या साहाय्यानं ……………………………. शक्ती कागदावर एकत्र केल्यास कागद जळतो. (चंद्रकिरणांची, ऊर्जेची, सूर्यकिरणांची, विजेची)
(iii) माझी शाळा हे ‘माझे ……………………………. केंद्र’ डोळ्यांसमोर उभे राहते. (संस्कार, स्मरणीय, आवडते, संस्कारक्षम)
उत्तर:
(i) विज्ञानातील
(ii) सूर्यकिरणांची
(iii) संस्कार

प्रश्न 4.
जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i – इ),
(ii – ई),
(iii – आ),
(iv – अ)

कृती २ : आकलनकृती

प्रश्न 1.
कोण ते लिहा.
(i) लेखकाला जीवनाचे तत्त्वज्ञान देणारे – [भावे सर]
(ii) पुन्हा मनोमनी शाळेत जाणारे – [लेखक]

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा,

प्रश्न 3.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) लेखकाला भावे सर कोणत्या हायस्कूलमध्ये भेटले?
उत्तर:
लेखकाला युनियन हायस्कूलमध्ये भावे सर भेटले.

(ii) लेखकाला कोणते क्षण आठवतात?
उत्तरः
प्रचंड दारिद्र्याशी सामना करतानाचे क्षण लेखकाला आठवतात.

(iii) भावे सरांनी कोणता प्रयोग करून दाखवला?
उत्तर:
भावे सरांनी भिंगाच्या साहाय्याने कागद जाळण्याचा प्रयोग करून दाखवला.

(iv) लेखकाला भावे सरांच्या शिकवणुकीतून काय गवसलं?
उत्तरः
लेखकाला भावे सरांच्या शिकवणुकीतून आयुष्याचं फार मोठं तत्त्वज्ञान गवसलं.

प्रश्न 4.
सहसंबंध लिहा.
(i) विषयाची : गोडी :: जगण्याचे : ……………………………..
(ii) एकाग्रतेचा : मंत्र :: संघर्षासाठी : ……………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) भान
(ii) आत्मविश्वास

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
लेखकाने आपल्या शाळेतील शिक्षकांबद्दलच्या भावना कशाप्रकारे व्यक्त केल्या आहेत ते तुमच्या शब्दांत व्यक्त करा.
उत्तरः
लेखक म्हणतात की, माझ्या जीवनाच्या जडणघडणीत माझ्या शिक्षकांचा फार मोठा सहभाग आहे. भावे सरांकडून एकाग्रतेचा मंत्र आणि जीवनाचे तत्वज्ञान मिळाले. जोशी सर शिर्के सर, मालेगाववाला सर यांच्याकडून उत्तम मार्गदर्शन मिळाले. आयुष्याच्या उभारणीसाठी संस्कार आणि संघर्षासाठी सामना करण्याचं बळ मिळालं. जीवनात खंबीरपणे उभे राहण्याचा आत्मविश्वास त्यांच्या सगळ्या शिक्षकांकडून त्यांना मिळाला.

प्रश्न 2.
लेखकाने संस्कार केंद्र कोणाला म्हटले आहे ? का?
उत्तरः
लेखकाने ‘संस्कार केंद्र’ त्यांची आई, शाळा आणि शिक्षक यांना म्हटले आहे. अत्यंत गरिबीच्या परिस्थितीतही मुलाच्या शिक्षणासाठी कष्ट करणारी आई. परिस्थितीपुढे शरण न जाता जिद्दीने पुढे जाण्याचा मार्ग तिने लेखकाला दाखवला आणि शिक्षकांनी दिलेल्या संस्कारातून, शिकवणुकीतून लेखकाला जीवन जगण्यासाठी आत्मविश्वास मिळाला. या सगळ्यामुळे लेखकाच्या जीवनाला योग्य दिशा मिळाली.

प्रश्न 3.
विदयार्थ्यांच्या व्यक्तिमत्त्वाच्या जडणघडणीत शाळा किती महत्त्वाची भूमिका बजावते यावर तुमचे विचार लिहा.
उत्तरः
विदयार्थी हा बालपणापासून शाळेत असतो त्याचा अधिकाधिक वेळ शाळेत जातो आणि त्या वयात तो जे शिकतो अनुभवतो ते त्याच्या मनावर कायमस्वरूपी परिणाम करते. शाळेतले शिक्षक, उपक्रम, शाळेतले वातावरण, या सगळ्यांचा परिणाम त्याच्यावर होत असतो. बालपणापासून ते किशोरवयापर्यंत अनेक गोष्टीतून तो शिकतो. म्हणून विदयार्थ्यांच्या व्यक्तिमत्वाच्या जडणघडणीत शाळेची फार महत्त्वाची भूमिका असते असे मला वाटते. स्वाध्याय कृती

प्रश्न 4.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) लेखकाला शिक्षणाबद्दल आंतरिक ओढ निर्माण झाली, कारण . . .
उत्तरः
लेखकाला शिक्षणाबद्दल आंतरिक ओढ निर्माण झाली, कारण युनियन हायस्कूलमधील शिक्षकांनी केलेले मार्गदर्शन व दिलेले शिक्षण

ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर Summary in Marathi

ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर पाठपरिचय‌‌

‘उर्जाशक्तीचा‌ ‌जागर’‌ ‌हा‌ ‌पाठ‌ ‌’डॉ.‌ ‌रघुनाथ‌ ‌माशेलकर’‌ ‌यांनी‌ ‌लिहिला‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌या‌ ‌पाठात‌ ‌त्यांनी‌ ‌आपल्या‌ ‌लहानपणीच्या‌ ‌आठवणी‌ ‌दिलेल्या‌ ‌आहेत.‌ ‌लहानपणीच‌ ‌पित्याचे‌ ‌छत्र‌ ‌हरपलेल्या‌ ‌माशेलकरांना‌ ‌त्यांच्या‌ ‌आईने‌ ‌अत्यंत‌ ‌प्रतिकूल‌ ‌परिस्थितीतून‌ ‌जिद्दीने‌ ‌शिक्षण‌ ‌घेण्यास‌ ‌प्रवृत्त‌ ‌कसे‌ ‌केले,‌ ‌त्याचे‌ ‌चित्रदर्शी‌ ‌वर्णन‌ ‌केले‌ ‌आहे.‌‌

ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर Summary in English

‘Urjashakticha‌ ‌Jagar’‌ ‌is‌ ‌written‌ ‌by‌ ‌Dr.‌ ‌Raghunath‌ ‌Mashelkar.‌ ‌He‌ ‌has‌ ‌written‌ ‌about‌ ‌his‌ ‌childhood‌ ‌memories.‌ ‌He‌ ‌lost‌ ‌his‌ ‌father‌ ‌at‌ ‌an‌ ‌early‌ ‌age.‌ ‌Thereafter,‌ ‌the‌ ‌manner‌ ‌in‌ ‌which‌ ‌his‌ ‌mother‌ ‌helped‌ ‌and‌ ‌inspired‌ ‌him‌ ‌to‌ ‌get‌ ‌an‌ ‌education,‌ ‌irrespective‌ ‌of‌ ‌all‌ ‌odds,‌ ‌has‌ ‌been‌ ‌beautifully‌ ‌explained.‌‌

ऊर्जाशक्तीचा जागर शब्दार्थ‌‌

• मुलभूत‌ ‌– ‌पायाभूत‌ ‌– ‌(basic)‌ ‌
• ‌बौद्धिक‌ ‌– ‌बुद्धिशी‌ ‌संबंधित‌ ‌– ‌(intellectual)‌‌
• क्षमता‌ ‌– ‌सामर्थ्य‌ ‌– ‌(ability)‌ ‌
• नियोजन‌ ‌– ‌योजना‌ ‌– ‌(planning)‌ ‌
• शास्त्रज्ञ‌ ‌– ‌वैज्ञानिक‌ ‌– ‌(a‌ ‌scientist)‌ ‌
• तंत्रज्ञान‌ ‌– ‌(technology)‌ ‌
• धोरण‌ ‌उद्दिष्ट‌ ‌– ‌(aim)‌ ‌
• महत्कार्य‌ ‌– ‌महान‌ ‌कार्य‌ ‌– ‌(great‌ ‌work)‌ ‌
• कष्ट‌ ‌– ‌मेहनत‌ ‌– ‌(hard‌ ‌work)‌ ‌
• शिस्त‌ ‌– ‌वळण‌ ‌– ‌(discipline)‌ ‌
• नेतृत्वगुण‌ ‌–‌ (leadership‌ ‌quality)‌
• संरक्षण‌ ‌– ‌(protection)‌
• ‌हरपणे‌ ‌– ‌गमावणे‌ ‌– ‌(to‌ ‌lose)‌
• ‌प्रतिकूल‌ ‌– ‌उलट,‌ ‌विरोधी‌ ‌– ‌(adverse)‌
• ‌जिद्द‌ ‌– ‌आग्रह‌ ‌– ‌(ambition)‌ ‌
• आपुलकी‌ ‌– ‌आपलेपणा‌ ‌– ‌(affection)‌‌
• संस्कार‌ ‌– ‌चांगले‌ ‌गुण‌ ‌– ‌(values)‌
• ‌ऋण‌ ‌– ‌उपकार‌ ‌– ‌(obligation)‌‌
• संपर्क‌ ‌– ‌संबंध‌ ‌– ‌(contact)‌
• ‌सर्वस्व‌ ‌– ‌सर्व‌ ‌काही‌ ‌– ‌(one’s‌ ‌all)‌ ‌
• पिंपळकट्टा‌ ‌– ‌(raised‌ ‌platform‌ ‌of‌‌ stones‌ ‌around‌ ‌fig‌ ‌tree)‌ ‌
• निवांतपणा‌ ‌– ‌शांतपणा‌ ‌– ‌(silence)‌
• ‌पुसट‌ ‌– ‌अस्पष्ट‌ ‌– ‌(faint)‌
• ‌लहर‌ ‌– ‌वाऱ्याची‌ ‌झुळूक‌ ‌– ‌(a‌ ‌breeze)‌‌
• वारले‌‌‌ ‌– ‌मृत्यु‌ ‌पावले‌ ‌– ‌(die)‌ ‌
• उदरनिर्वाह‌ ‌– ‌उपजीविका‌ ‌– ‌(livelihood)‌‌
• ‌माडी‌ ‌– ‌(a‌ ‌lott)‌ ‌
• आर्थिक‌ ‌परिस्थिती‌ ‌– ‌(financial‌ ‌condition)‌ ‌
• खालावणे‌ ‌– ‌बिघडणे‌ ‌दारिद्रय‌ ‌– ‌गरिबी‌ ‌– ‌(poverty)‌
• ‌संघर्ष‌ ‌– ‌झुंज‌ ‌– ‌(struggle)‌
• ‌आसुसणे‌ ‌– ‌तीव्र‌ ‌इच्छा‌ ‌होणे‌ ‌– ‌(to‌ ‌lust)‌ ‌
• अनवाणी‌ ‌– ‌पायात‌ ‌वहाणा‌ ‌व‌ ‌काहीही‌ ‌न‌ ‌घालता‌‌ – (‌footed)‌ ‌
• नामांकित‌ ‌– ‌प्रख्यात‌ ‌– ‌(famous)‌ ‌
• टप्पा‌ ‌– ‌मजल‌ ‌– ‌(a‌ ‌stage)‌ ‌
• अपुरी‌ ‌– ‌पुरेशी‌ ‌नसलेली‌ ‌– ‌(insufficient)‌ ‌
• पुरक‌ ‌– ‌योग्य‌ ‌– ‌(suitable)‌ ‌
• सेवाभाव‌ ‌– ‌मदतीची‌ ‌वृत्ती‌ ‌– ‌(servitude)‌‌

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.4 The Will to Win Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.4 The Will to Win

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.4 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Will To Win Poem Appreciation Question 1.
Get into pairs, discuss and tick the most appropriate answer :
(a) You may have lost the match; but
(i) It is important that you start fighting with your opponent.
(ii) It is important to have the will to win.
(iii) It is important that you blame the organizers for the rough ground.
Answer:
(ii) It is important to have the will to win.

(b) Success is always measured by :
(i) Ability to pounce upon at the opponent and fight with full force.
(ii) Match-fixing before the match begins.
(iii) Ability to bounce back after a fall.
Answer:
(c) The ability to bounce back after a fall.

(c) For attaining success; we need to :
(i) Sleep day in and day out and dream about success.
(ii) Scheme out things to make the opponent fall.
(iii) Work hard day and night for it.
Answer:
(c) Work hard day and night for it.

Appreciation Of Poem The Will To Win Question 2.
How can we achieve success in life? Complete the boxes by filling the essential qualities required for achieving success.

Answer:

Appreciation Of The Poem The Will To Win Question 3.
Discuss and write 5 proverbs/quotations related to the importance of having a strong will-power.
(a) ………………………………..
(b) ………………………………..
(c) ………………………………..
(d) ………………………………..
(e) ………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
(b) If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.
(c) The truest wisdom is a resolute determination. -Napoleon Bonaparte
(d) Nothing is impossible. -Napoleon Bonaparte
(e) Determination is the key to success.

The Will To Win Question 4.
Complete the following table.
Make a list of great personalities of present and past who have achieved success in different walks of life. You can take help of your school library or search on the internet.

Politics	Social work	Sports	Music

Answer:

Politics	Sports	Social Work	Music
Abraham Lincoln Franklin Roosevelt George Washington Winston Churchill Woodrow Wilson Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Michael Jordan Allyson Felix Shekhar Naik Pele H. Boniface Prabhu Mahendra Singh Dhoni	Medha Patkar Helen Keller Emmeline Pankhurst Florence Nightingale	Ravindra Jain Cher (singer) Beethoven Mozart Tansen

The Will to Win Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Will To Win Appreciation Question 1.
(A) In order to achieve success the poet wants us to
(a) ………………………………..
(b) ………………………………..
(c) ………………………………..
Answer:
(a) go out and fight for it
(b) work day and night for it
(c) give up time, peace and sleep for ft.

(B) Write as many phrases as you can using ‘enough’ and use them in your sentences.
Example : good enough
Answer:
(1) hard enough : If you work hard enough, you will be rewarded.
(2) bold enough : He was not bold enough to realise his ambitions.
(3) fast enough : He was not fast enough to understand the joke at his expense.
(4) strong enough : The little bird was still not strong enough to fly away on its own.
(5) reasonable enough : The price seemed reasonable enough; yet I hesitated to buy It.

(C) What does the word ‘Scheme’ mean here ? Choose the correct alternative from the following.
(a) Housing colony
(b) Goal in life
(c) Rhyme pattern
(d) Plan of action
Answer:
(d) plan of action

(D) Do you think the line ‘Give up your time and your peace and your sleep for it’ means that one should be ‘desperate’ or restless’ to achieve one’s goal. Explain your opinion, in your notebook.
Answer:
No. If you are ‘desperate’, you might take unnecessary risks to achieve your goal. If you are ‘restless’, you will have no peace of mind. What the poet means by losing ‘time’. ‘peace’ and sleep’ means spending many hours working hard to gain one’s objectives and to continually keep on thinking about it until it is achicvcd.

(E) Following lines are given to you. Find their appropriate meanings after discussing with your partner.
(a) To go out and fight for it.
(b) If you gladly sweat for, fret for and plan for it.
(c) Lose all your terror of opposition for it.
(d) With all your capacity, strength and sagacity.
Answer:
(a) to try one’s best and struggle hard in order to achieve something.
(d) making full use of all your capabilities, power and wisdom.
(c) sweat for it, fret for and plan for it and lose all your terror of the opposition for it
(d) to try one’s best and struggle hard in order to achieve something.

(F) Read the poem again and complete the web showing all those things that can turn one away from ones efforts towards a goal.

Answer:

(G) Find the lines from the poem which mean-
(a) become crazy for the goal
(b) toil hard happily
(c) get rid of all fears
(d) make efforts continuously
(e) extremely poor condition
Answer:
(a) if you are mad enough for it
(b) gladly sweat
(c) work day and night
(d) If neither cold poverty, famish or gaunt,

Question 2.
The poet has mentioned some hurdles in the poem that keep us away from achieving our goal in our life. Discuss with your partner and make a list of all the hurdles mentioned in the poem.

• sickness

Answer:

• or sickness or pain

Appreciation Of The Will To Win Question 3.
The poem explicitly describes some strengths and weaknesses with the help of some words and phrases. The poet wants us to possess all the strengths and keep away from all the weaknesses. Make a list of all the words and phrases showing Strengths in table A and Weaknesses in table B. One is done for you.

A Strengths	B Weaknesses
Work day and night	Sickness

Answer:

A (Strengths)	B (Weaknesses)
capacity, strength, sagacity faith, hope, confidence doggedness, grimness the help given by God	cold poverty famish gaunt sickness or pain of body and brain

A Will To Win Question 4.
Listen to the poem carefully and state whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
(a) If you want a thing you should not give up your sleep.
(b) You should be afraid of your opposition.
(c) Cold or poverty cannot keep you away from achieving your goal.
(d) You can achieve your goal with the help of God.
(e) Life will not seem useless and worthless without achieving your goal.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False

The Will To Win Poem Question 5.
Form pairs and complete the web with suitable responses. Tell the class what all things the poet wants us to do to win.

Answer:

The Will To Win Speech Question 6.
Match the phrases in table A with lines of the poem given in table B.

Phrases	Lines
(1)    Toil hard (2)    Get rid of all (3)    Extremely poor condition (4)    Need desperately	(a)     If you want a thing bad enough… (b)    If neither cold or poverty, famished (c)    To work day and night for it. (d)    Lose all your terror of the opposition for it.

Answer:

‘A’ (Phrases)	‘B,’ (Lines)
(1) Toil hard	(b)    If neither cold or poverty, famished
(2) Get rid of all	(c)    To work day and night for it.
(3) Extremely poor condition….	(d)    Lose all your terror of the opposition for it.
(4) Need desperately	(a)     If you want a thing bad enough

Will To Win Question 7.
Every stanza begins with word ‘if’. How does it add to the effectiveness of the poem?
Answer:
Without the word ‘if’, the poem would remain as a simple statement of rules for success. By beginning each stanza with the word ‘if’, first of all, the poet implies that every human being has the choice of wanting to be successful in life. This is a more effective way of expression. Also by using the word ‘if’, he puts forward the conditions that will determine success in any sphere.

Will To Win Poem Appreciation Question 8.
(A) In poetry, when words/ideas are arranged in an ascending order of importance, the figure of speech used is called ‘Climax’.
For example, Man should work for his family, his country, but most of all for God.
Pick out two examples of ‘Climax’ from the poem.
Answer:
(a) to go out and fight for it, work day and night for it, give up your time and your peace and your sleep for it
(b) … sweat for it, fret for and plan for it and lose all your terror of the opposition for it …

(B) When some words, in the line of the poem, express the same idea in different ways, the figure of speech used is ‘Tautology’.
For example, . . . happy and joyful.
. . . motionless and still.
Pick out two examples of ‘Tautology’ from the poem.
Answer:
… neither cold poverty, famish
The words ‘poverty’ and ‘famish’ imply almost the same human physical condition.

(C) Pick out one example of the following Figures of Speech.
(1) Antithesis : ………………………
(2) Alliteration : ………………………
(3) Repetition : ………………………
Answer:
(1) Work day and night for it.
(2) … of body and brain
(3) … or sickness or pain

Will To Win Poem Question 9.
Work in group and prepare and present a speech on ‘How to Achieve Success.’
Answer:
How to Achieve Success
Friends,
I, Ajai Chitnis, do not hold with those who say, ‘Success is only for the privileged few!’ In my opinion, any and everyone can achieve success. All that is required is belief in one’s potential and a few rules of thumb in order to be a winner.

First of all you must have a goal. In order to reach that goal, you must have the necessary education and skills. For this you have to study or train. Then you have to look for opportunities. Life presents choices. You have to make the right choice. Having made the right choice, you must work hard to edge towards your goal. Only after much labour, sacrifice, determination and effort will you finally achieve success. This is my opinion on ‘How to achieve success’.

Thank you.

Question 10.
Read the poem again and write an appreciation of the poem ‘The Will to Win’ in a paragraph format.
Answer:
Point Format (for understanding)
The title of the poem : ‘The Will To Win’
The poet : Berton Braley
Rhyme scheme : No specific rhyme scheme, rhymes are used randomly
Figures of speech : Repetition, Climax, Tautology, Antithesis, etc.
The central ideatheme : What we should do and what we should avoid in order to achieve success.

Paragraph Format
Berton Braley has written this inspirational poem, ‘The Will To Win’.

The poem has no specific rhyme scheme, but rhymes are used randomly all throughout. The most common type is lines ending with the word ‘it’; e.g., ‘for it’, ‘of it’, ‘of it’; ‘without it’, ‘about it’; ‘beget it’, ‘get it’; ‘sweat for if, ‘fret for if and so on. Other examples are ‘capacity’, ‘sagacity’, ‘tenacity’: ‘pain’, ‘brain’.

The main figure of speech used is Repetition, as seen in the abundance of ‘for if phrases used throughout the poem. The other figures of speech are Climax, Tautology, Antithesis, etc.

The poet gives us a formula for sure success. He tells us what we should do and what we should avoid doing in order to achieve success.

It is an inspirational poem. It motivates one to set targets and achieve goals.

Question 11.
Project :
Make a list of Berton Braley’s collection of selected poems. You can take help of your teacher, library or search on internet. Recite Braley’s any one poem in front of the class.

Question 11.
State whether the following statements are True of False. Correct the false statements : 
(a) If you want a thing, you should not give up your sleep.
Corrected statement : If you want a thing, you should willingly give up your sleep.

(b) You should be afraid of your opposition.
Corrected statement : You should not fear the opposition.

(c) Life will not seem useless and worthless without achieving your goal.
Corrected statement : Life will seem utterly useless and worthless without achieving the goal.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False

Question 12.
Find the appropriate meanings of the following lines :
(b) makes you quite mad enough
(c) lose all the terror of God or man for it
Answer:
(b) impels you to do crazy things like taking risks
(c) get rid of all your fears of God or man or opposition.

Question 13.
Match the phrases in table A with lines from the extract given in table :

‘A’ (Phrases)	‘B,’ (Lines)
(1) Worry a lot about it	(a) serious and determined….
(2) Keep you away from….	(b) follow something in a determined way….
(3) Dogged and grim….	(c) Prevent you from….
(4) Simply go after…	(d) Fret for It …

Answer:

‘A’ (Phrases)	‘B,’ (Lines)
(1) Worry a lot about it	(d) Fret for It …
(2) Keep you away from….	(c) Prevent you from….
(3) Dogged and grim….	(a) serious and determined….
(4) Simply go after…	(b) follow something in a determined way….

Question 14.
Give an example of each of the following from the extract :
(a) Tautology.
Answer:
Life seems useless and worthless without it. The words ‘useless’ and ‘worthless’ have almost the same meaning.

(b) get rid of all fears
Answer:
lose all your terror

Question 15.
State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the false statements :
(a) Cold or poverty cannot keep you away from achieving your goal.
(b) You can achieve your goal with the help of God.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) True

Question 16.
Find the lines from the extract which mean :
(a) make winning possible by using forceful action
Answer:
(a) besiege and beget it

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.4 The Pulley Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 2.4 The Pulley

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.4 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Pulley Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
Go through the following images and try to link them with our lives. For example, Storm – Hardships that we face in our life.

Answer:
For example : storms – hardships that we face in our lives
Owl – Wisdom
Rose – Life
Tree – Determination
Clouds – Sorrowful moments
Bouquet of flowers – Beauty
Waterfall – Strength
Mountains – Honour
Sunrise – Hope

Pulley Or The Gift Of God Questions And Answers Question 2.
You may have often indulged in talking to yourself audibly.
For example,

• “Oh, dear! Why didn’t I get up sooner?”
• “Let me finish this quickly and then I’ll be free”.
• “How silly of me! Why didn’t I think of it before?”

Such expressions are called Dramatic Monologues.
Imagine and write Monologues suitable in the following situations.

→ It’s your birthday next week.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
I wonder what presents I’ll get. I hope dad gets me the bicycle he promised

→ You have been waiting long at the city of bus-stop.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Oh, bother Now I shall be late for school again.

→ Your final exam results are to be declared tomorrow.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
I wish it were tomorrow

→ Your mother has been chatting for very long on the telephone.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
This conversation could go on for ages When will I get a chance to call?

Question 3.
‘The Pulley’ is a mechanical device.
Try and write down places where it can be used, and for what purpose.
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:

– To draw water out of a well
– In elevators
– In exercise machines
– In theatres to open curtains
– To lift up heavy objects at construction sites

The Pulley Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Pulley Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
With the help of the clues, pick out words containing the letter ‘a’ from the poem and build a word-pyramid.

(a) an article
(b) a preposition
(c) past tense of ‘lie’
(d) maximum length of your open palm
(e) make much of
(f) loveliness
(g) in place of
(h) a collection of priceless valuables
(i) restlessness and discontent
Answer:

(a) an article
(b) a preposition
(c) the past tense of ‘lie’
(d) the maximum length of your open palm
(e) make much of
(f) loveliness
(g) in place of
(h) a collection of priceless articles
(i) restlessness and discontent

The Pulley Poem Question 2.
Choose the correct alternative from the following.
(a) Herbert’s poem ‘The Pulley’ displays . . . . . . . . as the two main themes.
(i) Origin of Morality/Spirituality
(ii) Origin of species
(iii) Origin of the universe/galaxy
(iv) Origin of the earth/space
Answer:
(i) Origin of Morality/Spirituality

(b) The theme of the poem ‘The Pulley’ is (Find two correct statements from the given alternatives.)
(i) to focus on the mechanical operation of a pulley.
(ii) to teach a lesson to a creation (man) by the Creator (God)
(iii) to know the different gifts bestowed on man by God.
(iv) to remind man about his creator in his exhaustion.
(v) God pulled man towards Him by making him restless and weary.
Answer:
(iv) to remind man about his Creator in his exhaustion.

(c) In the poem, ‘The Pulley’ is considered ………………….
(i) a mechanical device.
(ii) a gift to mankind
(iii) an image to lift objects.
(iv) an image by which God compels people to become devout.
Answer:
(ii) a gift to mankind.

(d) . . . . . . . . is an example of Pun from the poem.
(i) Rest in the bottom lay.
(ii) So strength first made a way.
(iii) Having a glass of blessings . . . . . .
(iv) So both should losers be
Answer:
(i) Rest in the bottom lay.

(e) . . . . . . . . is an example of Paradox from the poem.
(i) And rest in Nature, not the God of Nature.
(ii) He would adore my gifts instead of me.
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.
(iv) When God at first made man.
Answer:
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.

(f) . . . . . . is an example of Synecdoche from the poem.
(i) So both should losers be.
(ii) Then beauty flowed.
(iii) “Let us” said he “pour on him.”
(iv) May toss him to my breast.
Answer:
(iv) May toss him to my breast.

(g) . . . . . . is an example of Alliteration from the poem.
(i) made a way
(ii) bottom lay.
(iii) repining restlessness
(iv) keep the rest.
Answer:
(iii) repining restlessness

(h) . . . . . . is an example of Inversion from the poem.
(i) Contract into a span.
(ii) So both should losers be.
(iii) Bestow this jewel.
(iv) And rest in nature.
Answer:
(ii) So both should losers be.

(i) The rhyme scheme of the poem is . . . . . .
(i) a a b b c
(ii) a b c b c
(iii) a b c c b
(iv) a b a b a
Answer:
(iv) a b a b a

Pulley Poem Question 3.
Discuss and answer in your own words, and write in your notebook.
(a) The poet has used the word REST thrice in the poem. Write what the word implies in each of the three lines it occurs.
Answer:
. . . rest in nature – give importance to, enjoy the benefits of
. . . let him keep the rest – the remaining gifts (except the gift of ‘rest’)
. . . rest – contentment, satisfaction

(b) What does God want in return from man, for the gifts He has bestowed upon him?
Answer:
In return for the gifts He has bestowed on man, God wants him to lead a life of goodness and to keep on adoring the God who has been so generousto him.

(c) Why did God withhold the gift of ‘Rest’ from man?
Answer:
‘Rest’ makes us feel satisfied and contented,When we have ‘rest’, we do not desire anything more. We might even stop remembering God, our Creator, or seeking His blessings. Hence, God withheld the gift of ‘Rest’ from man.

(d) Besides those given in the poem, what other gifts has God blessed mankind with above his other creations? Enlist them.
Answer:
Besides those given in the extract, God has bestowed on mankind the ability to use language as well as other cognitive abilities like reasoning, abstract thinking, etc. Above all, He has given human beings a marvellous brain, with which man has invented millions of things, right from the wheel to the computer.

(e) When does man generally turn to God? Give one example to support your response.
Answer:
Man , generally turns to God when he is troubled or is facing some difficulty. I remember a neighbour of mine who professed to be an atheist, but when there was a stock market crash, we were all surprised to see him at our temple with hands joined and eyes closed, praying to God.

Question 4.
(A) Discuss with your group and justify the title of the poem ‘The Pulley’ in your own words.
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
The pulley works when pressure is exerted on either side of the rope passing through it. If one side comes down, the other goes up. Here, the poet expresses the idea that when weariness weighs down man on one end his spiritual aspects on the other end gets an uplift. According to the poet, God deliberately withheld bestowing ‘rest’ to man so that the very ‘restlessness’ wojild bring him nearer to Him. Thus, the title ‘The Pulley’ is appropriate.

(B) Pick out 3 lines that contain Monologues of God.
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) For if I should bestow this jewel also on my creature.
(2) He would adore my gifts instead of me.
(3) If goodness lead him not, yet weariness may toss him to my breast.

Question 5.
(A) Pick out two lines that contain the following figures of speech.
(a) Antithesis
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
Answer:
1. Antithesis: Let the world’s riches which dispersed lie.
2. Contract into a span.

(b) Alliteration
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
Answer:
1. And rest in the Nature, not the God of the Nature.
2. Repetition of ‘n’ sound.

(c) Inversion
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
Answer:
1. Let us {said He)
2. Rest in the bottom lay.

(B) Explain the Figures of Speech in the following lines.
(a) Rest in the bottom lay-PUN because
……………………………………………………….
Answer:
It is a Pun because the word ‘rest’ has two meanings – ‘the last one remaining’ and ‘a quality that helps us stop doing something and relax’.

(b) Bestow this jewel also on my creature-METAPHOR because
……………………………………………………….
Answer:
Extended Metaphor: The simple meaning of the ‘pulley’ is extended to show an implicit comparison between the ‘gift’ of ‘rest’ that is not bestowed on man S by God, and by which he will be pulled towards God finally.

(c) And rest in nature, not the God of Nature-REPETITION because
……………………………………………………….
Answer:
Repetition: The word ‘Nature’ is repeated for emphasis.

Question 6.
Write Critical Appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format. (Refer to page no. 5)
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)

• Title of the poem: ‘The Pulley’
• The poet: George HerbertRhyme scheme: a-b-a-b-a
• Figures of speech: Metaphor, Pun, Inversion, Paradox, etc.
• The central idea theme the reason why man is continually restless

Paragraph Format
The title of the poem is ‘The Pulley’. The poet is George Herbert.

Each stanza of the poem has five lines. The rhyme scheme of the poem is a-b-a-b-a.

The chief figure of speech used in the poem is Metaphor. The ‘glass of blessings’ signifies the sum of all human qualities bestowed on man. The quality of ‘rest’ or ‘contentment’ is implicitly compared to a ‘jewel’. The other figures of speech are Pun, Inversion, Paradox, etc.

The central idea of the poem is the reason for man’s continual restlessness all his life. According to the poet, this is because God withheld the quality of ‘rest’ from man, so that man’s thoughts would ultimately turn towards God, his creator.

Question 7.
‘Pun’ can be defined as play on words based on their different meanings. Example ‘Writing with a broken pencil is pointless.’ In this poem there is an example of Pun. Find and make a sentence of your own. Share a joke with the class where the use of ‘Pun’ creates humour.
Answer:
(i) Rest in the bottom lay
(ii) So strength first made away.
(iii) Having a glass of blessings
(iv) So both should losers be.

Question 8.
Write a paragraph on the points in each block given below to get a summary on each of the four stanzas of the poem.

Answer:
(1) The poel says dial at the lime when God fir.si 1 created man. He had a glass of blessings standing by. He thought dial He would be generous and shower on man all the gifts possible. God intended lhal all the treasures of die earth which lay scallcred should be eollecled and concentrated in die small space He had created – which was man.

(2) The first gift God gave man was strength. This was followed by beauty, then wisdom, honour and pleasure. When nearly all the gifts had been bestowed on man. God slopped awhile. He noticed that of all the treasures, only one gill remained at Ihe bottom of the glass, and that was rest.

(3) God said to Himself that if He bestowed this precious and valuable gift on His creation, man would love anil worship only the gifts of Nature, and would not love the God who-had created all the things in Nature. Thus both God and man would end up as losers.

(4) So God let man retain all the other gifts, but at the same lime, He left man restless and continually anxious and dissatisfied, lie thought that in should be rich with the abundance of gifts, but he should always remain tired and restless. God reasoned that only then, at the end. if the quality of goodness did not lead man back to God. sheer fatigue (tiredness) would draw man back to God’s heart.

Question 9.
Choose the correct alternatives from the following:
(a) Herbert’s poem ‘The Pulley’ displays Origins and Morality/Spirituality as the two main themes.
(i) Origins and Morality/Spirituality
(ii) Origin of species
(iii) Origin of the universe galaxy
(iv) Origin of the earth space
Answer:
(i) Origins and Morality/Spirituality

(b) The first gift was strength.
(i) strength
(ii) beauty
(iii) wisdom
(iv) rest
Answer:
(i) strength

(c) The last gift left was rest.
(i) strength
(ii) beauty
(iii) wisdom
(iv) rest
Answer:
(iv) rest

(d) The gifts blessings lay in a glass.
(i) the world
(ii) a span
(iii) a glass
(iv) a pathway
Answer:
(iii) a glass

Question 10.
What did God’s glass of blessings contain?
Answer:
God’s glass of blessings contained gifts such as strength, beauty, wisdom, honour, pleasure, other treasures and the gift of rest.

Question 11.
Write the rhyming words from the extract:
Answer:
man – can – spanby – lieway – stay – laypleasure – treasure.

Question 12.
Explain the figures of speech in the following lines:
a glass of blessings
Answer:
It is a Metaphor because the sum of attributes or qualities given to man are implicitly compared to a ‘glass of blessings’.

Question 13.
Explanation: The words are not in the correct prose order. The correct prose orders are:
Answer:
1. Let us (He said) …
2. Rest lay in the bottom.]

Question 14.
What would human beings do if God gifted them with ‘Rest’?
Answer:
If God had gifted human beings with ‘Rest’,’ they would never have cared to remember God since they would have nothing to long for or to feel restless about. This is because self-satisfaction and contentment wduld have made human beings feel: complete and pleased with themselves. They mightthus lose their spiritual and moral values.

Question 15.
Pick out two lines from the extract that contain the figure of speech ‘Inversion’.
Answer:
(a) For if I should (said He)
(b) So both should losers be.
(c) If goodness lead him not, yet weariness May toss him to my breast.

Question 16.
Choose the correct alternative from the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Let him be rich and weary’ is an example of I Paradox from the poem.
(i) And rest in Nature, not the God of Nature.
(ii) He would adore my gifts instead of me.
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.
(iv) When God first made man.
Answer:
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.

(b) ‘repining restlessness’ is an example of Alliteration from the poem.
(i) made a way
(ii) bottom lay
(iii) repining restlessness
(iv) keep the rest
Answer:
(iii) repining restlessness

Question 17.
Write the rhyming words from the lines.
Answer:
he – me – becreature – Nature; rest – breastrestlessness – weariness.

Question 18.
Bestow this jewel also on my creature.
Answer:
Metaphor: The gift of rest is implicitly compared to a ‘jewel’.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.6 The Alchemy of Nature Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 1.6 The Alchemy of Nature

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.6 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Alchemy Of Nature Class 10 Question 1.
Rearrange the good qualities in each set, so that the first letter of each of the words should make a meaningful word. Join the sets and get a message.

Set 1: U nderstanding/A daptable/Tolerant/N eat/Encouraging Resourceful.
– The word is ……………………………………………………
Set 2: Selfless/Inspiring
– The word is ……………………………………………………
Set 3: Youthful/Modest
– The word is ……………………………………………………
Set 4: Affectionate/Compassionate/Empathetic/Earnest/Honest/Reliable/Trustworthy
– The word is ……………………………………………………
– The message is …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
Answer:
NATURE
IS
MY
TEACHER
The message Is: NATURE IS MY TEACHER.

Alchemy Of Nature Class 10 Questions And Answers Question 2.
Various aspects of Nature have special features that make them differ from one another.
For example, Birds :- appearance, shape, colour, size, food habits, habitat, sound etc.
Write such special features of each of the following.
Land …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
Water …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
Trees …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
Animals …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
Insects …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………
Answer:
Land: geographical features, soil colour, terrain, fertility, chemical composition, crops grown.

Water: width and length of various water bodies, chemical composition (sweet water, salt water), colours (according to sand beds), rocks, coral reefs, variety of sea creatures.

Trees: height and shape of leaves, changing (or unchanging) colour during seasons, fruits, flowers, medicinal products, types of soil, climate and habitat required for their existence.

AnImals: shapes, sizes, colours, different habitats, kinds: wild or domestic, place in the food chain.

Insects: shapes, sizes, colours, number of legs, different habitats, soundš, carriers of dIseases.

The Alchemy Of Nature Question Answer Question 3.
Make a list of living creatures in the alphabetical order. You can write more than one beginning with the same letter.
A …………………………………………………… B ……………………………………………………
C …………………………………………………… D ……………………………………………………
E …………………………………………………… F ……………………………………………………
G …………………………………………………… H ……………………………………………………
I …………………………………………………… J ……………………………………………………
K …………………………………………………… L ……………………………………………………
M …………………………………………………… N ……………………………………………………
O …………………………………………………… P ……………………………………………………
Q …………………………………………………… R ……………………………………………………
S …………………………………………………… T ……………………………………………………
U …………………………………………………… V ……………………………………………………
W …………………………………………………… Y ……………………………………………………
Z ……………………………………………………
Answer:
A -alligator, antelope, ant, etc., B ……………. Z.

The Alchemy of Nature Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Alchemy Of Nature Questions And Answers Question 1.
What things in nature teach us the following :
(a) Nothing is impossible to achieve ……………………………………………………
(b) Problems are not permanent ……………………………………………………
(c) Be humble and adjust ……………………………………………………
(d) Make the best use of time and opportunity ……………………………………………………
(e) Be persistent ……………………………………………………
(f) Many hands make work light ……………………………………………………
(g) Delicate structures are not a sign of weakness ……………………………………………………
Answer:
(a) Nothing is impossible to achieve: ants small bits of grass peeping from cracks In the concrete
(b) Problems are not permanent: trees that are bare in winter
(c) Be humble and adjust: water
(d) Make the best use of time and opportunity: flowers
(e) Be persistent: ants waler
(f) Many bands make light work: ants
(g) Delicate structures are not a sign of weakness: picr_webs

The Alchemy Of Nature English Workshop Question 2.
Read the questions from the lesson. What do they imply?
(a) Are you listening? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What if we too lived our lives, however short, to its fullest? ……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) What if we too are consistent, organised, focused . . . ? ……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
(a) It implies that one must listen.
(b) It Implies that we too should live our lives to… the fullest, however short they may be.
(c) It Implies that we too could do wonders If we were consistent, organised focussed

Question 3.
Go through the lesson again and complete the flow-chart that highlights the life of a ‘hibiscus’ flower.

Answer:

Alchemy Of Nature Class 10 English Workshop Question 4.
Fill in the web.

Answer:

English Workshop 10th The Alchemy Of Nature Question 5.
The writer explains the contrasting features of ‘water’ and ‘rock’ in the lesson. Write all the features of both water and rock in the given table.

Water	Rock
1.	1.
2.	2.
3.	3.
4.	4.

Answer:

Water	Rock
1. gentle	1. hard
2. persistent	2. humble
3. persevering	3. yielding
4. determined	4. adaptable

Alchemy Of Nature Class 10 Solutions Question 6.
The writer has very positively described the different things in nature. Discuss with your partner the special features of each one of them. Add on the list.

Part of Nature	Special feature	Value learned
1. Rainbow	……………………	……………………
2. Caterpillar	……………………	……………………
3. ……………………	……………………	……………………
4. ……………………	……………………	……………………
5. ……………………	……………………	……………………
6. ……………………	……………………	……………………
7. ……………………	……………………	……………………

Answer:

Part of nature	Special feature	Value learnt
1. rainbow	cheerfulness; acceptance.	Even when there are problems in the surroundings, we must be cheerful and spread colour and happiness.
2. caterpillar	patience; acceptance.	There is a bright and beautiful future ahead.
3. hibiscus flower	optimism; cheerfulness	However short life may be, we must live it to the fullest.
4. rocks	obedience to nature; adjustment; humility	Obey the commands of nature; adjust to the situation; be humble
5. bits of grass	optimism; perseverance.	However impossible things may look, there is an opening.
6. bare tree	optimism, faith; conviction	However difficult things are in the present, it will not remain so forever. With conviction we should remind ourselves that this too will pass.
7. water	perseverance; determination; humility.	(i) Even colossal problems can be surmounted if we persist. (ii) Learn to adapt to others without any hint of ego.

Alchemy Of Nature Questions And Answers Question 7.
Think and answer in your own words.
(a) How should you deal with difficulties and problems?
Answer:
When coming across problems In lilt. I turn towards nature for inspiration. I try to understand how the different elements in nature deal with their difficulties and try to solve my own problems in the same way.

(b) ‘An oyster turns a grain of sand into a pearl.’ What can we learn from this example?
Answer:
We learn that there Is a mysterious power or magic In nature that can change things dramatically.

(c) How does nature succeed in its ‘Alchemy’? What can it turn a small person into?
Answer:
Nature succeeds in Its ‘Alchemy’ by changing things in a mysterious way. It can turn a small person Into anything he/she wishes one touches nature and becomes gold oneself.

(d) Which two aspects of nature teach us to accept change and adjust according to the situation?
Answer:
With gentle humility, water changes its form according to the dictates of the sun and the wind. The bare trees wait patiently during the winter months for the arrival of spring, when they get Wesh green leaves. These two aspccts of nature teach us to accept change and adjust according to the situation.

(e) Why does the writer begin by quoting the lines from William Blake’s poem (Auguries of Innocence)?
Answer:
These lines show that it we pause to relleci, there Is much beauty In nature and plenty that we cari learn from it. The write-up expands on the sanie idea, thus reflecting the philosophy of the quoted lines from William Blake.

Question 8.
(A) Pick out from the lesson 10 examples of each.
Concrete Nouns (that you can touch or see)
For example, sand
(1) …………………………………………
(2) …………………………………………
(3) …………………………………………
(4) …………………………………………
(5) …………………………………………
(6) …………………………………………
(7) …………………………………………
(8) …………………………………………
(9) …………………………………………
(10) …………………………………………
Answer:
(1) bird,
(2) ant,
(3) oyster.
(4) pearl.
(5) caterpillar,
(6) butterfly
(7) flower,
(8) ocean,
(9) rock,
(10) water.

Abstract Nouns (that which you cannot touch or see)
For example, infinity
(1) …………………………………………
(2) …………………………………………
(3) …………………………………………
(4) …………………………………………
(5) …………………………………………
(6) …………………………………………
(7) …………………………………………
(8) …………………………………………
(9) …………………………………………
(10) …………………………………………
Answer:
(1) majesty.
(2) conviction.
(3) perseverance,
(4) passion
(5) infinity.
(6) Imagination,
(7) joy,
(8) significance,
(9) experience,
(10) difference.

(B) Underline the verbs in the sentences below and say whether they are Transitive (needing an Object) or Intransitive (need not have an Object).
(1) One can witness and experience the beauty of Heaven.
(2) It leaves me in complete awe.
(3) Nature soothes and nurtures.
(4) It withers completely.
(5) The flower comes to life only for a day.
(6) A rainbow colours the entire sky.
(7) It smiles and dances.
Answer:
(1) One can witness and experience the beauty of Heaven. (T)
(2) It leaves mc In complete awe. (T)
(3) Nature soothes and nurtures. (I)
(4) It withers completely. (I)
(5) The flower comes to life one for a day. (I)
(6) A rainbow colours the entire sky. (T)
(7) It smiles and dances. (I)

Question 9.
(A) Compose about 8 to 10 sets of imaginary dialogues between a bird, a tree and its fruit regarding the effects of environmental changes. Write it in your notebook.
Answer:
Conversation between a bird, a tree and its fruit:
Conversation 1:
Bird: Hi there, tree! How are you doing?
Tree: Not too well. I can’t breathe. There’s too much of dust and smoke here.
Bird: What, here too? I’ve come here to escape just that!
Fruit: Wrong place, birdie. Look at me do I look healthy? I’m not growing. Too many insecticides have been sprayed on me.
Bird: Oh, oh. Maybe I should leave this place too.

Conversation 2:
Tree: Oh, no! Something is happening! My roots are getting loose!
Bird: That’s called erosion. Soil erosion.
Tree: What happens next?
Bird: The next time it rains heavily-boom! Down you will go! And away I will fly.
Tree: Can’t someone help me?
Fruit: What about me?

(B) Prepare a Fact file of any of the following plants/trees, using the points given.
[coconut / neem / basil / cactus / apple]

• Name of Plant/Tree …………………………………………
• Scientific name …………………………………………
• Region and climate …………………………………………
• Features …………………………………………
• Growth …………………………………………
• Size, shape and colour …………………………………………
• Uses …………………………………………
• Any special feature …………………………………………

Answer:
Profile of the Coconut Tree and Fruit
(1) Names: English name – Coconut Sanskrit name – Narikela Hindi name – Nariyal.
(2) Scientific name: cocos nucifera belongs to the family ‘Palmae’ or the palm family (also known as Arecaceae).
(3) Region and Climate: Tropical and sub-tropical coastal regions, especially near sea beaches.
(4) Features:

• Fruit: has a thick fibrous coir over the hard shell inside the kernel colourless liquid;
• leaves: feather-shaped and split into lots of leaflets.

(5) Growth – Size and shape: Coconut trees can: grow from 15 to 30 metres in height in plantations. Coconut fruits are oval in shape. The trunk of the coconut tree is ringed with scars where old leaves have fallen. The top of the trunk is crowned with a rosette of leaves. The leaves can grow up to 7 feet long and can have 250 leaflets.
(6) Uses:

• Coir and leaves: matting, thatching and weaving.
• Hard outer shell about 10 to 15 inches in length used to make articles such as spoons, eating utensils, charcoal, etc.
• Inside of the shell: lined with a white edible layer called the meat used for cooking, or extraction of oil which is used in making soaps or cosmetics also to make chemical, industrial and medicinal products contains coconut water which is very nutritious.
• Husk and leaves: used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decorating,

(7) Any special feature: Known in India as ‘kalpavriksha’ or the ‘tree of heaven’ because of its many uses the term coconut is derived from the 16th century Portuguese and Spanish, meaning ‘grinning face’, from the three small holes on the coconut shell that resemble human facial features.

Question 10.
‘Impossible’ itself says ‘I M possible’. Do you agree? Justify your answer by citing something that you have experienced or heard from someone.
Answer:
Yes, I agree. It is possible to do the most , difficult of things providing we have the will and conviction to do so. The example that comes to my mind as justification is that of Sudha Chandran, the j dancer. Though her leg was amputated below the knee, with great grit and determination she restarted dancing, and went on to become a famous dancer ! and actress. This shows that one can do things which seem to be impossible.

Question 11.
You have an environment protection week celebration in your school. You have invited an environmentalist. Your friend interviews him/her about how to save the environment. Frame suitable Interview Questions.
Answer:
Jai interviews Mr. Ali, an environmentalist:
Jai: Good morning, Sir. Welcome to our school. I would like to ask you a few questions for a write-up in our school magazine. My first question: What is your opinion about the concept of having am ‘environment protection week’ celebration?

Mr. Ali: I think it’s a wonderful idea, though I would not call it a ‘celebration’.

Jai: Why is that, sir?

Mr. Ali: Well, you have a celebration when you are happy about something. In our town, the protection of the environment is so poor that I, as an environmentalist, am not at all happy about it.

Jai: Can you give us some tips to protect the environment?

Mr. Ali: Certainly, my boy. First of all, we should grow more trees wherever possible. It should be made mandatory for every factory, office, residential building, etc. to plant trees before starting construction.

Jai: What about the menace of plastic, sir?

Mr. Ali: We cannot eliminate plastic completely however, the thickness of plastic bags and the methods of disposal should be made clear to all. Air, water and noise pollution must be dealt with too.

Jai: Please expand on that, sir.

Mr. Ali: Well, industrial and vehicular pollution must be controlled water bodies must be kept clean. Those who break rules must be penalized. Loudspeakers must be banned during the night hours. Oh, there are lots of things to be done, lots of things.

Jai: Thank you sir, for giving some of your precious time for this interview.

Question 12.
Write a News Report on the ‘Environment Day’ celebrated in your school.
Answer:
Environment Day Celebrations
Nagpur, June 7: ‘World Environment Day’ was celebrated in New Era School with great fanfare on June 5. The main purpose of the celebration was j to spread awareness about the need to protect the: environment and the ways to do it.

The day was flagged off by a tree plantation drive in the locality. Three hundred quick-growing trees, which do not need much water on a daily basis, were planted near the school wall and in the surrounding area. An eminent environmentalist, Mr. A.T. Ali, spoke on the ways to protect the environment. He also judged the ‘Posters and Photographs’ exhibition “and gave away prizes for the best entries. Environmentally- friendly articles, like disposable plates and cups made from bamboo and banana stem, bags made from leaf waste, etc. were on sale. Students gave power-point ) presentations on the threats to the environment. Last i but not least, was the spirited debate on the topic ‘Man: The worst enemy of the Environment’.

All in all, the day was a great success, and has certainly made a difference to the way we view our environment.

– Josh Matthew
New Era School.

Question 13.
Just For Laughs! Enjoy!
Divide the class into two groups. On 12 to 15 slips of paper, Group A writes 12 to 15 conditional clauses beginning with ‘If’.
(For example, If I work very hard, ………………………………………………)
Group B writes 12 to 15 main clauses.)
(For example, I would/shall have a pizza.)
Now, one student from Group ‘A’ reads the first conditional clause (possibility) and one student from Group ‘B’ reads the first main clause. It forms crazy sentences, just for laughter and fun. ENJOY!

Question 14.
Pick out the statements that are false and write them correctly:
(1) On the beach. the author found rocks carved and sculpted by the wInd.
(2) The hibiscus flower smiles with the sun and dances with the wind.
(3) Rocks take the shape that (he water commands.
(4) Our problems are big and so are we.
Answer:
Statements (1) and (4) are false. The corrected statements are:
(1) On the beach, the author found rocks carved and sculpted by the water.
(4) Our problems are very big, and we are very small.

Question 15.
ExplaIn how the hibiscus flower makes the most of Its short life span.
Answer:
The hibiscus flower smiles with the sun and dances with the wind. The flower comes to life only for a day yet It makes the most of the day by living its short life in full splendour, with big, bright and tender blooms.

Question 16.
Complete the flowchart that highlights the life of a hibiscus flower:
Answer:
The life of a hibiscus flower

Question 17.
Guess the meaning of the ‘splendour’.
Answer:
Splendour – great beauty which attracts admiration and attention.

Question 18.
Choose the correct ‘not only … but also …….’ form of the sentence:
Natures soothes and nurtures.
(a) Not only nature soothes but nurtures also.
(b) Nature soothes not only but also nurtures.
(c) Nature soothes but also nurtures not only.
(d) Nature not only soothes but also nurtures.
Answer:
(d) Nature not only soothes but also nurtures.

Question 19.
By evening It falls and becomes one with the earth again. (Rewrite using the ‘-tng form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
By evening it falls, becoming one with the earth agaIn.

Question 20.
Who Is stronger – water or rocks? Justify your answer.
Answer:
I think water is stronger. It wears down tue hard rock by its gentle patience, persistence and perseverance

Question 21.
State whether the ¿ilowlng statements are True or False: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(i) The spider’s webs are delicate as well as weak. ‘ False
(Ii) The teamwork and perseverance of ants were Impressive. True

Question 22.
What teaches us that hard times do not last forever? How?
Answer:
The following things teach us that hard times do not last forever:
(i) bits of grass peeping through small cracks in a concrete pavement and
(ii) the green leaves on a tree In spring The grass had been nearly destroyed by the concrete but had come to life again. The tree had been bare all through the cold winter months, before regaining Its former green majesty.

Question 23.
Choose the sentence In the Past Perfect Tense from the sentences given below:
(a) The ants had organised themselves around the fly.
(b) The ants organized themselves around the fly.
(c) The ants hat’e organized themselves around the Jly.
Answer:
(a) The ants had organised themselves around the fly.

Question 24.
A rainbow colours the entire sky. (Begin the sentence with The entire sky …‘)
Answer:
The entire sky is coloured by a rainbow.

Question 25.
However Impossible things may look, there Is always an opening. (Rewrite beginning with ‘Even if..’.)
Answer:
Even if things, look Impossible. there is always an openIng.

Question 26.
Spider webs are delicate, yet very strong. (Rewrite beginning with ‘Although ….)
Answer:
Although spider webs arc delicate, they are very strong.

Question 27.
(1) PIck out an Infinitive from the lesson and use It In your own sentence.
(2) Punctuate what If we too had lived our lives however short to its fullest
(3) Find out two hidden words from the given word: approaches
(4) Make a meaningful sentence by using the given phrase: set In
(5) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: When I do. It leave me In complete awe.
(6) IdentIfy the type of sentence: However dimcult things are right now, it will not remain so forever.
(7) WrIte the following words In alphabetical order: perseverance, withers, majesty, ‘oysters.
(8) Pick ont the verb from the following that can form both the present and past participle by doubling the last letter, and write the forms: hit. admtt. turn, feed
Answer:
(1) I went to the beach because I wanted to see the ship.
(2) What if we too had lived our lives, however short, to Its fullest?
(3) approaches — approach, perch (cheap, peach, preach)
(4) Many people try to avoid being In Mumbal when the summer sets in.
(5) When I do, It leaves me In complete awe,
(6) Assertive sentence (negative)
(7) majesty, oysters, perseverance, withers
(8) admit — admitting, admitted

Question 28.
Write 4 words related to things in nature.
Answer:
(1) (i) We must plant more trees to attract rain.
(ii) The new plant started production last year.
(2) We had gone to a rocky beach.
(3) We are soothed and nurtured by nature.
(4) Nature: sand, flower, tree, sun, ocean, rock. water, grass

Question 29.
(1) Use the following word as a verb and a noun in two separate sentences: touch
(2) Analyse the sentence: We saw small bits of grass peeping through the small cracks in a concrete pavement.
Answer:
(1) (i) “Can you touch the sky. Papa7 asked the little girl. (verb)
(ii) The old lady would wake UI) at the slightest touch. (noun)
(2) Simple Sentence.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.4 The Height of the Ridiculous Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.4 The Height of the Ridiculous

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.4 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Height Of The Ridiculous Appreciation Question 1.
The teacher writes incomplete sentences on the board. He/She asks the students to complete them in their notebooks.
(a) Today, I am happy because ……………………………… .
(b) Today after the class, I wish ……………………………… .
(c) Tomorrow, I feel that ……………………………… .
(d) I want to laugh because ……………………………… .
(e) Today, the class seems to be cheerful about ……………………………… .
Answer:
(a) my grandparents are coming for a holiday.
(b) to eat an ice cream.
(c) I will go for a movie.
(d) I am very happy.
(e) the forthcoming football match.

The Height Of The Ridiculous Question 2.
The teacher writes an incomplete sentence and asks the students to complete it in a funny way.
Answer:
(1) Mother gave me cheese but the cat ate it.
(2) I went to the market and bought an elephant.

Appreciation Of Poem The Height Of Ridiculous Question 3.
Give the words related to:

Syllable
A syllable is a unit of spoken language made up of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel and consonants. For example, single syllable : ant, two syllables – water, three syllables : Inferno.
Answer:

The Height Of The Ridiculous Theme Question 4.
Pick out the word from the given box and write it in the correct columns below.

jump, narrow, cable, live, queen, butter, tree, kitten, van, yellow, dale, happy, night, printer, star, sober, paper, cloud, pearl, within, bike, began, slender.

Here the focus is not on the spellings but the pronunciation of the words.

Words with one syllable	Words with two syllables

Answer:

Words with one syllable	Words with two syllables
jump, live, queen, tree, van, dale, night, star, cloud, pearl, bike	narrow, cable, butter, kitten, yellow, happy, printer, sober, paper, within, began, slender

The Height Of The Ridiculous Notes Question 5.
Count the syllables and circle the appropriate number in the box.

Answer:

The Height Of The Ridiculous Question 6.
Write the names of any five of your friends and mention the number of syllables in each name.

Name	Number of syllables

Answer:

Name	Number of syllables
Rohan	2
Namrata	3
Poonam	2
Jai	1
Nilima	3

The Height of the Ridiculous Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Height Of The Ridiculous Question 1.
Find out expressions from the poem that indicate funny moments.
For example, I laughed as I would die.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
(1) was all upon the grin
(2) the grin grew broad
(3) and shot from ear to ear
(4) He read the third; a chuckling noise
(5) The fourth; he broke into a roar
(6) The fifth; his waistband split;
(7) The sixth; he burst five buttons off;
(8) And tumbled in a fit.

Appreciation Of The Poem The Height Of Ridiculous Question 2.
Order of sequence : Arrange the following reactions in their proper order, as per the poem.
(a) His waistband split
(b) The grin grew broad.
(c) Sleepless eye.
(d) Was all upon the grin.
(e) He broke into a roar.
(f) He burst five buttons off.
Answer:
(d) Was all upon the grin
(b) The grin grew bro^d
(e) He broke into a roar
(a) His waistband split
(f) He burst five buttons
(c) Sleepless eye

Height Of Ridiculous Appreciation Question 3.
Form pairs and find out the various rhyming words in the poem and two of your own. Complete the following table.

Words	Rhyming words from the poem	Rhyming words more of your own
ear
within
man
split
way
him
die
mood

Answer:

Words	Rhyming words from the poem	Rhyming words more of your own
Way	Pay	Say, ray
Him	Limb	Dim, rim
Die	I	Fly, shy
Mood	Good	Food, wood
Ear	Hear	fear, dear
Within	Grin	sin, bin
Man	Can	fan, ran
Split	Fit	knit, lit

The Height Of Ridiculous Appreciation Question 4.
Match the lines with the Figures of Speech.

Lines	Figures of Speech
1.   In wondrous merry mood 2.  They were so queer, so very queer. 3.  And saw him peep within 4.  The grin grew broad. 5.  And shot from ear to ear. 6.  He broke into a roar. 7.  Ten days and nights with sleepless eye	Tautology Alliteration Onomatopoeia Repetition Hyperbole Repetition Transferred Epithet

Answer:

Lines	Figures of Speech
1. In wondrous, merry mood	Tautology
2. They were so queer, so very queer	Repetition
3.  And saw him peep within	Repetition
4. The grin grew broad	Alliteration
5. And shot from ear to ear	Hyperbole
6. He broke into a roar –	Onomatopoeia
7. Ten days and nights with sleepless eye	Transferred Epithet

Appreciation Of The Poem The Height Of The Ridiculous Question 5.
Copy any two stanzas of the poem in the lines below. Using a coloured pen underline the stressed syllables in each line and put a stress-mark ( ) over each.
Answer:
I wrote some lines once on a time
In wondrous merry mood,
And thought, as usual, men would say
They were exceeding good.

The Height Of The Ridiculous Question 6.
Complete the lines of the poem by choosing proper pairs of rhyming words and make it meaningful.
– We returned home late, one ………………………. ,
In the window, there glowed a ………………………. .
Burglars !! was our very first ………………………. ;
For defence, sticks ‘n stones we ………………………. .
”Let’s grab the loot and ………………………. ,”
was uttered soft, by ………………………..
The door we softly ……………………….,
And then we were truly ………………………..
Oops! Before, outside, we’d ……………………….,
The television had been left ………………………..
(run, shocked, gone, night, sought, on, someone, thought, light, unlocked)
Answer:
We returned home late, one night,
In the window there glowed a light.
Burglars! Was our very first thought,
For defence, sticks ‘n stones we sought.
“Let’s grab the loot and run.”
Was uttered soft, by someone.
The door we softly unlocked.
And then we were truly shocked.
Oops! Before outside we’d gone,
The television had been left on!

The Height Of Ridiculous Poem Appreciation Question 7.
Form goups in your class and together compose a short humorous poem. Use jokes, experiences, etc. and convert it to a poetic form. Write and decorate it on chart-paper and put it up in your class, in turns.

Appreciation Of The Height Of The Ridiculous Question 8.
Go through the poem and write an appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format.
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)
The title of the poem: ‘The Height of the Ridiculous’
The poet: Oliver Wendell Holmes
Rhyme scheme: abcb.
Figures of speech: Transferred Epithet, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Tautology, Alliteration, etc.
Theme/Central idea: A funny poem to simply entertain the audience; written for Enjoyment.

Paragraph Format
The poem ‘The Height of the Ridiculous’ is written by Oliver Wendell Holmes.

The rhyme scheme of the poem is abcb. There are many figures of speech, like Hyperbole, Tautology, Onomatopoeia, Alliteration, etc. but the one that stands out is Transferred Epithet. In the line ‘Ten days and nights, with sleepless eye’, the adjective ‘sleepless’ should be for the man and not for the eye.

The poem is a humorous one written for enjoyment, with plenty of funny expressions. The main purpose of the poet is to simply entertain the reader.

Appreciation Of Poem The Height Of The Ridiculous Question 9.
Project :
Reading a poem.
Arrange the poetry reading competition. Select the poem of your choice.

• Read the poem silently.
• Repeat the reading of the poem.
• Focus on the pauses, stresses, intonation etc.
• Pay attention to the proper pronunciations.

Poem Appreciation Of The Height Of Ridiculous Question 10.
Choose the correct alternatives: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The poet was in a very …………….. mood when he wrote the lines.
(a) tired
(b) happy
(c) bored
(d) wondering
Answer:
(b) happy

(2) The poet was generally a ……………… man.
(a) humorous
(b) wonderful
(c) serious
(d) good
Answer:
(c) serious

Question 11.
Explain:
(a) the contrast between the poet and his servant.
Answer:
The poet was a thin and slender man while his servant was strong and muscular.

(b) the poet’s reaction when he read the lines.
Answer:
The poet laughed heartily when he read the lines. He laughed so hard he thought he would die.

Question 12.
Find out the expression from the extract that indicates funny moments:
Answer:
‘I laughed as I would die’.

Question 13.
Match the lines with the figures of speech:
Lines – Figures of Speech
(a) A sober man am I – (c) Tautology
(b) To mind a slender man like me – (d) Inversion
Answer:
(a) A sober man am I – Inversion
(b) To mind a slender man like me – Alliteration

Question 14.
Complete the following:
(1) There was a grin on the servant’s face when …………………………
(2) The chuckling noise was heard when ……………………..
(3) When he read the fifth line ………………….
(4) The grin grew from ear to ear when the servant ………………….
Answer:
(1) he read the first line.
(2) the servant read the third line.
(3) his waistband split.
(4) read the second line.

Question 15.
Describe the outcome of this experience on the poet.
Answer:
After this experience, the poet has never dared to write any more funny poems.

Question 16.
Which line suggests that the servant was totally out of control?
Answer:
The line ‘And tumbled into a fit’ suggests that the servant was totally out of control.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Aksharbharati Solutions Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
आकृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.
(अ) स्नेहल त्रासली, कारण ………………………….
(आ) पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा पडला, कारण ………………………….
(इ) रेखामावशीची पावलं अधिक सुंदर आहेत, कारण. ………………………….
(ई) अभिषेकचे बाबा म्हणतात, पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्ट इज अ मस्ट, कारण ………………………….
उत्तरः
(अ) स्नेहल रेखामावशींना सॉरी म्हणाली कारण स्नेहल रेखामावशींना त्यांच्या मळकट पायांबद्दल बोलली होती.
(आ) पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा एकदम पडला कारण पावडे काकांची काळीकुट्ट पावले मोबाईल स्क्रिनवर उमटली होती.
(इ) रेखामावशीची पावलं अधिक सुंदर आहेत कारण रेखामावशीच्या रोजच्या जीवनात कार्बन उत्सर्जनाला वावच नाही.
(ई) सुमित म्हणतो, पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्ट इज मस्ट, कारण आपल्या पायांना चिकटलेला कार्बन प्रमाणात ठेवणे गरजेचे आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
उत्तर लिहा.
(अ) स्नेहलने केलेला निश्चय
(आ) अभिषेकने केलेला निश्चय
उत्तरः
(अ) स्नेहलने निश्चय केला की ती आजपासून बसनंच ये-जा करणार.
(आ) अभिषेकने निश्चय केला की तो कॉलेजला जाण्यासाठी सायकलचा उपयोग करणार.

प्रश्न 4.
पाठातील पात्रांची स्वभाव वैशिष्ट्ये लिहून तक्ता पूर्ण करा.
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 5.
खालील वाक्यांतील अलंकार ओळखा.
(अ) रेखामावशीचे पाय झऱ्याच्या स्फटिक स्वच्छ पाण्यासारखे.
(आ) पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा एक निळा चौकोन उमटला, अगदी आभाळाच्या निरभ्र तुकड्यासारखा.

प्रश्न 5.
खालील शब्दांचे प्रचलित मराठीत अर्थ लिहा.
(अ) व्हर्चुअल रिअलिटी
(आ) टेक्नोसॅव्ही
उत्तरः
(अ) वास्तव सत्य
(आ) तंत्रस्नेही

प्रश्न 6.
खालील वाक्यातील विरामचिन्हे शोधून त्यांची नावे लिहा.
“मावशी, तुम्ही राहता कुठं?” विरामचिन्हे
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 7.
खालील शब्दांच्या जाती ओळखून लिहा.
(१) स्नेहल
(२) तिचे
(९) खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.
(३) चंदेरी
(४) करणे

प्रश्न 8.
स्वमत.
(अ) ‘आपल्या पायांचे वातावरणावर उमटलेले ठसे, आपल्याला सहजतेने पुसता येत नाहीत’, या विधानाचा तुम्हांला कळलेला अर्थ स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
वातावरणात ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगचे प्रमाण वाढताना दिसत आहे. मानवाने विज्ञानाच्या जोरावर अनेक नवनवीन तंत्रज्ञान विकसित केले आहे. मानवनिर्मित घटकांचा वापर करत असताना निसर्गाची हानी होत आहे. प्रत्येकजण दळणवळणासाठी वैयक्तिक वाहनांचा वापर करताना दिसतो. या वाहनांमुळे वातावरणात खूप मोठ्या प्रमाणात कार्बन मिसळत असतो. वृक्षतोड करून मोठमोठ्या इमारती उभारल्या जातात. झाडे नष्ट झाल्याने वातावरणातील ऑक्सिजनचे प्रमाण कमी होत आहे. त्यामुळे वातावरण प्रदूषित होत आहे. म्हणून लेखक रेखामावशीचे उदाहरण देतात, रेखामावशीच्या पायाला लागलेली धूळ त्यामुळे फरशीवर उमटणारे ठसे सहज पुसता येतील; पण आपण वातावरण दररोज कळत नकळत प्रदूषण करत असतो. त्याचे उमटलेले ठसे म्हणजेच ‘आपल्या पायांचे वातावरणात उमटलेले ठसे, मात्र आपल्याला सहजतेने पुसता येणार नाहीत’, असे लेखकाला या ठिकाणी सूचित करायचे आहे.

(आ) ‘तापानं फणफणलीय आपली धरती’ ही स्थिती बदलण्यासाठी उपाय सुचवा.
उत्तर:
पर्यावरण प्रदूषणात वाढ होईल अशीच आपली जीवनशैली असते. सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा वापर न करणे, एकाच माणसासाठी खाजगी वाहनाचा वापर थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी बाईकमोटारगाड्यांचा वापर यातून सदैव कार्बनचे उत्सर्जन आपण करत असतो. त्यामुळे जागतिक तापमान वाढीस मदत होते. शक्यतो आपण सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा उपयोग केला पाहिजे. थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी सायकलीचा किंवा पायी चालण्याचा पर्याय निवडला पाहिजे. म्हणजे कमीत-कमी पेट्रोलचा वापर केला पाहिजे. झाडे लावली पाहिजेत, हिरवळी वाढवल्या पाहिजेत, जेणे करून वातावरणातलां कार्बन डायोंक्साईड कमी होऊन हवा शुद्ध राहण्यास मदत होईल.

उपक्रम:

(अ) आठवड्यातून एक दिवस सायकलचा किंवा सार्वजनिक वाहनाचा वापर करा.
(आ) ‘ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगचे दुष्परिणाम’, या विषयावर शिक्षकांच्या मदतीने चर्चा करा.

भाषाभ्यास
वाक्य म्हणजे काय, हे आपण अभ्यासले आहे. वाक्यांचे विविध प्रकार आहेत. त्यांतील काही वाक्यप्रकारांची माहिती आपण करून घेणार आहोत.
(१) विधानार्थी वाक्य
(३) उद्गारार्थी वाक्य ही वाक्ये वाचा. ही वाक्ये वाचा.
(अ) माझे घर दवाखान्याजवळ आहे.
(अ) अरेरे ! फार वाईट झाले.
(आ) तो रोज व्यायाम करत नाही.
(आ) शाबास ! चांगले काम केलेस. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत केवळ विधान केलेले असते. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत भावनेचा उद्गार काढलेला असतो.

(२) प्रश्नार्थी वाक्य ही वाक्ये वाचा.
(४) आज्ञार्थी वाक्य
(अ) तुला लाडू आवडतो का? ही वाक्ये वाचा.
(आ) तुम्ही सकाळी केव्हा उठता?
(अ) मुलांनो, रांगेत चला. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत प्रश्न विचारलेला असतो.
(आ) उत्तम आरोग्यासाठी व्यायाम करा. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत आज्ञा किंवा आदेश असतो.

वर दिलेल्या चारही प्रकारांतील वाक्यांचे नमुने तयार करा.

Marathi Akshar Bharati Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न १. खालील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतीबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
सहसंबंध जोडा.

प्रश्न 4.
तुलना करा.

प्रश्न 5.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) ……………………………………. दार उघडलं आणि कामवाल्या रेखामावशी आत आल्या. (सुमितनं, अभिषेकनं, स्नेहलनं, पावडेकाकांनी)
(ii) सुमित ……………………………………. कानपूरला शिकत होता. (आय.टी.आय, आय.पी.एस., आय.आय.टी, एम.पी.एस. सी.)
(iii) ……………………………………. खणखणीत आवाजानं सुमितही जागा झाला आणि हॉलमध्ये आला. (रेखामावशीच्या, पावडेकाकांच्या, अभिषेकच्या, स्नेहलच्या)
उत्तर:
(i) अभिषेकनं
(ii) आय. आय. टी.
(iii) रेखामावशीच्या

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) सुमित हॉलमध्ये आला कारण …………………………….
उत्तरः
सुमित हॉलमध्ये आला कारण रेखा मावशीच्या खणखणीत आवाजाने त्याला जाग आली होती.

प्रश्न 2.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i-आ),
(ii – इ),
(iii – ई),
(iv – अ)

प्रश्न 4.
खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे एका वाक्यात लिहा.

(i) किचनमधील सिंकमध्ये वाट पाहणाऱ्या भांड्यांकडे आपला मोर्चा कोणी वळवला?
उत्तर:
किचनमधील सिंकमध्ये वाट पाहणाऱ्या भांड्याकडे आपला मोर्चा रेखामावशीने वळवला.

(ii) अभिषेक सुमितच्या लॅपटॉपवर काय पाहत होता?
उत्तर:
अभिषेक सुमितच्या लॅपटॉपवर सुमितने केलेले नवे प्रोजेक्ट पाहत होता.

(iii) अभिषेक हॉलमध्ये आला तेव्हा रेखामावशी कोणते काम करत होत्या?
उत्तर:
अभिषेक हॉलमध्ये आला तेव्हा रेखामावशी फरशी पुसत होत्या.

प्रश्न 5.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 6.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) सुमितचे बाबा तयार होऊन हॉलमध्ये आले.
(ii) रेखामावशी बिचाऱ्या वरमल्या होत्या.
उत्तर:
(i) चूक
(ii) बरोबर

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
रेखामावशींच्या पावलांचे वर्णन तुमचा शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
रेखामावशींची पावलं धुळीनी माखलेली होती. कारण तिला शेणात-मातीत काम करावं लागात असे. उखणलेल्या रस्त्याने तिला चालत जावे लागे. तिच्या पायातील चप्पल अगदी पातळ झाली होती म्हणून तिच्या पायाला खुप चिरण्या पडल्या होत्या. पाय धुवायला वेळ आणि पाणीही नव्हतं व तिचे पाय धूळ बसून काळे पडले होते.

प्रश्न 2.
पावडेकाकांच्या पायाच्या वर्णनावरून त्यांची जीवनशैली कशी असावी असे तुम्हांस वाटते?
उत्तरः
पावडेकाकांची पावले सुंदर गुलाबी व लोण्यासारखी होती.

यावरून असे दिसते की, ते कधीही पायी चालत नसतील. नेहमी वाहनांचा उपयोग करत असतील. धूळ मातीशी त्यांचा फारसा संबंध येत नसावा, ते अत्यंत चांगल्या प्रतीचे बूट, चप्पल वापरत असतील. पायांच्या स्वच्छतेची काळजी घेत असतील,

प्रश्न 3.
स्वच्छतेबद्दलची तुमची संकल्पना लिहा / किंवा तुमचे विचार लिहा.
उत्तरः
वरवर दिसणारी स्वच्छता ही खरी स्वच्छता नव्हे. पांढरपेशी स्वच्छता ही वातावरण प्रदुषित करण्यास हातभारच लावते. पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्टने जाण्याऐवजी आपण कारचा वापर करतो. आणि कार्बन डायऑक्साईड वातावरणात सोडला जातो. त्यामुळे धरणी प्रचंड प्रमाणात प्रदूषित होते. जे आपल्याला उघड्या डोळ्यांनी दिसत नाही. सायकल वापरणं आपण विसरून गेलो आहोत. अगदी कोपऱ्यावरून भाजी आणायची असली तरी आपण बाईकला किक मारतो. आपली पावले स्वच्छ, आपले कपडे स्वच्छ, महागडी कार ही खरी स्वच्छता नाही. धरणी प्रदूषणमुक्त करणे ही खरी स्वच्छता. यासाठी प्रत्येकाने हातभार लावला पाहिजे. झाडे लावली पाहिजेत. धरतीच्या स्वच्छतेची काळजी घेणे यातच खरी स्वच्छता आहे.

प्रश्न २. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण ते लिहा.
(i) टेक्नॉलॉजीबद्दल मळमळ व्यक्त करणारे – सुमितचे मामा
(ii) रेखामावशीला सायकल देणारा – रेखा मावशीचा मुलगा

प्रश्न 4.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) सुमितच्या अॅपचे नाव काय ?
उत्तरः
सुमितने तयार केलेल्या अॅपचे नाव “फूटप्रिन्टस’ आहे.

(ii) रेखामावशी कोठे राहत होती?
उत्तरः
रेखामावशी “टेकडीपल्याड’ राहत होती.

(iii) सुमितच्या मामाच्या मते सगळ्यात भारी ॲप कोठे आहे?
उत्तरः
सुमितच्या मामाच्या मते सगळ्यात भारी ॲप डोक्याच्या कवटीत आहे.

प्रश्न 5.
उताऱ्यानुसार वाक्यांचा क्रम लावा.
(i) “गेल्या मयन्यापतूर चालतच येत हुते; पन आता माज्या लेकानं एक सायकल दिलीया मला”.
(ii) “त्या टेकडी पल्याड”, मावशी म्हणाल्या.
(iii) स्नेहलचा चेहरा पडला.
(iv) मामा, मी एक अॅप तयार केलं आहे.
उत्तर:
(i) मामा, मी एक अॅप तयार केलं आहे.
(ii) स्नेहलचा चेहरा पडला.
(iii) “त्या टेकडी पल्याड’, मावशी म्हणाल्या.
(iv) “गेल्या मयन्यापतूर चालतच येत हुते; पन आता माज्या लेकानं एक सायकल दिलीया मला’.

प्रश्न 6.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा
(i) मामा, गंमत तर बघ तू माझ्या अॅपची ……………………………. त्याचं नाव आहे (फूटप्रिन्टस, ॲपप्रिन्टस, लेगप्रिन्टस, फिंगरप्रिन्टस)
(i) सुमितनं आपल्या ……………………………. मोबाईलमधलं अॅप उघडलं आणि रेखा मावशींना काही प्रश्न विचारायला सुरुवात केली. (सॅमसंग, नोकिया, एंड्रॉईड, एल.जी.)
उत्तर:
(i) फूटप्रिन्टस
(ii) एंड्रॉईड

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून लिहा.
(i) सुमितनं आपला स्मार्टफोन काढला …………………………….
(अ) त्याला फोन करायचा होता,
(आ) मामांना फोन दाखवायचा होता.
(इ) सुमितला मामांना “फूटप्रिन्टस” अप दाखवायचे होते.
(ई) मामांना फोटो दाखवायचा होता.
उत्तरः
सुमितनं आपला स्मार्टफोन काढला सुमितला मामांना “फूटप्रिन्टस” अप दाखवायचे होते.

(ii) सुमितने रेखामावशींना प्रश्न विचारायला सुरुवात केली.
(अ) अपमध्ये माहिती भरायची होती.
(आ) त्याला मावशींबद्दल जाणून घ्यायचे होते.
(इ) स्नेहलने माहिती भरायला सांगितली होती.
(ई) सुमितला अर्ज भरायचा होता.
उत्तरः
सुमितने रेखामावशींना प्रश्न विचारायला सुरुवात केली अप मध्ये माहिती भरायची होती.

प्रश्न 2.
सहसंबंध लावा,
(i) टेक्नोसॅव्ही – अस्वच्छ पाय
(ii) नॉन टेक्नोसॅव्ही – सुमित
(iii) रेखामावशी – सायकल
(iv) मुलगा – सुमितचे मामा
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 3.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 4.
आकृतीबंध पूर्ण करा,

प्रश्न 5.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) मामा, गंमत तर बघ तू माझ्या अॅपची….त्याचं नाव आहे फूटप्रिन्टस.
(ii) “सुरुवात करूया अभिषेक पासून”
उत्तर:
(i) बरोबर
(ii) चूक

प्रश्न 6.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले?

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
बाबांनी अनाठायी टेक्नॉलॉजीबद्दल आपली मळमळ व्यक्त केली. या वाक्याबद्दल आपले मत स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
स्वच्छता अॅपबद्दल सुमितने त्याच्या मामांना म्हणजे अभिषेकच्या बाबांना माहिती सांगितली. आजकालचे टेक्नोसॅव्ही लोक काहीही करतात. स्वच्छतेसारखी गोष्ट जाणून घेण्यासाठी अॅपची काय गरज आहे, असे त्यांना वाटते. कारण ते तंत्रज्ञानाबद्दल अधिक जाणत नसावेत. आजचे विज्ञान, तंत्रज्ञान याबद्दल मागच्या पिढीतील लोकं थोडं कमी जाणतात तंत्रज्ञानाच्या साहाय्याने आपण काय-काय करू शकतो, यांची त्यांना माहिती नाही. विशेष बाब म्हणजे काही मंडळींना तंत्रज्ञानाची फक्त नकारात्मक बाजूच माहीत आहे. म्हणून कदाचित अभिषेकच्या बाबांनी तंत्रज्ञानाबद्दल असे नकारात्मक उद्गार काढले असावेत.

प्रश्न 2.
सुमितने तयार केलेल्या अॅपचे वर्णन तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
सुमितने एक स्वच्छता अॅप तयार केलं होतं. त्या अॅपचं नाव ‘फूटप्रिन्टस’ होते. या अॅपच्या सहाय्याने पाय किती स्वच्छ आहेत हे कळू शकणार होते. ज्या माणसाच्या पायाबद्दल जाणून घ्यायचे असेल त्याची माहिती (अॅपनुसार) भरायची व त्याद्वारे संबंधित व्यक्तीच्या पायाच्या स्वच्छतेबद्दल आपल्याला माहिती मिळत असे. माहिती भरल्यानंतर मोबाईलमध्ये एक निळा चौकोन उमटत असे व त्याखाली माहितीच्या आधारे पायांच्या स्वच्छतेबद्दल निष्कर्ष येत असे.

प्रश्न 3.
सुमित तंत्रस्नेही (टेक्नॉसॅव्ही) आहे हे परिच्छेदावरून लिहा.
उत्तरः
सुमितने स्मार्टफोनचा वापर करून एक स्वच्छता अॅप तयार केलं होतं. त्या अॅपमध्ये विचारलेली माहिती भरली की संबंधित व्यक्तीच्या पायाची स्वच्छता कशी आहे हे सिद्ध होत असे. अत्यंत साधे सर्वांना सहज वापरता येईल असे हे अॅप सुमितने तयार केले होते. यावरून दिसून येते की तो तंत्रस्नेही (टेक्नोसॅव्ही) आहे.

प्रश्न ३. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा,

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
घटना व परिणाम लिहा.

प्रश्न 3.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 4.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) मोबाईल स्क्रीनवर काय उमटले?
उत्तर:
मोबईलच्या स्क्रीनवर पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा एक निळा चौकोन उमटला.

(ii) सुमितने रेखामावशींची सगळी माहिती का घेतली?
उत्तर:
रेखामावशींची पावलं किती स्वच्छ आहेत हे जाणून घेण्यासाठी मोबाईलवर तो ती माहिती भरणार होता.

(iii) पावडेकाकांचे ऑफिस त्यांच्या घरापासून किती किलोमीटर आहे?
उत्तरः
पावडेकाकांचे ऑफिस त्यांच्या घरापासून १६ किलोमीटर आहे.

(iv) पावडेकाका चिडून सुमितला काय म्हणाले?
उत्तरः
पावडेकाका चिडून सुमितला म्हणाले, “हो, नाही तर काय बसला लटकत जाऊ म्हणतोस?”

प्रश्न 5.
(i) कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा, ……………………………. पावडेकाकांचा डेटा ॲपमध्ये भरायला सुरू केला. (अभिषेकनं, स्नेहानं, सुमितनं, राकेशन)
(ii) ……………………………. तर फार गडबडून गेल्या (स्नेहा, रेखामावशी, पावडेकाकू, नेहा)
उत्तर:
(i) सुमितनं
(ii) रेखामावशी

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) सुमितने पावडेकाकांना कोणती शंका विचारली?
उत्तरः
“वीस किलोमीटर कारने-तुम्ही एकट्यानेच प्रवास केला?” ही शंका सुमितने पावडेकाकांना विचारली.

(ii) पावडेकाका रोज किती किलोमीटर कारने प्रवास करत?
उत्तर:
पावडेकाका रोजचे पस्तीस-चाळीस किलोमीटर कारने प्रवास करत.

(iii) स्क्रीनवर उमटलेला पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा निळा चौकोन कोणासारखा होता?
उत्तरः
स्क्रीनवर उमटलेला पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा निळा चौकोन अगदी आभाळाच्या निरभ्र तुकड्यासारखा होता.

प्रश्न 4.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) पावडेकाकांचे ऑफिस त्यांच्या घरापासून २० किलोमीटर आहे.
(ii) रेखामावशीचे पाय चंदेरी आहेत.
उत्तर:
(i) चूक
(ii) बरोबर

प्रश्न 5.
योग्य जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i – इ),
(ii – ई),
(iii – अ),
(iv – आ)

प्रश्न 6.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून विधाने पूर्ण करा.
(i) इवल्याशा झोपडीपुढंही त्यांनी …………………………….
(अ) तीन झाडं लावली होती.
(आ) दोन झाडं लावली होती.
(इ) चार कुंड्या लावल्या होत्या.
(ई) सहा रोपे लावली होती.
उत्तरः
इवल्याशा झोपडीपुढंही त्यांनी दोन झाडं लावली होती.

(ii) ……………………………. किलोमीटर तर नक्कीच होतात.
(अ) पस्तीस – पन्नास
(आ) पन्नास – साठ
(इ) पस्तीस – चाळीस
(ई) चाळीस – पस्तीस
उत्तर:
पस्तीस – चाळीस किलोमीटर तर नक्कीच होतात.

प्रश्न 7.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले?

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
रेखामावशी पर्यावरणास कशी मदत करत होती ते तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
रेखामावशी कोणत्याही धूर सोडणाऱ्या वाहनाने ये-जा करत नसत. शक्यतो त्या पायीच ये-जा करायच्या. कधीकधी सायकल वापरायच्या म्हणजे हवेत कार्बन डायऑक्साईड मिसळण्याची जी प्रक्रिया होते, त्यात त्यांचा अजिबात सहभाग नव्हता. त्यांनी त्यांच्या झोपडीपुढे दोन झाडं लावली होती. त्यातलं एक पर्यावरणास पूरक लिंबोणीचं होतं. ही झाडे लावून त्यांनी पर्यावरणाला मदतच केली होती.

प्रश्न 2.
मोबाईल स्क्रीनवर उमटलेल्या चित्राचे वर्णन करा.
उत्तर:
सुमितने मोबाईलचे बटन दाबताच स्क्रीनवर पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा निळा चौकोन उमटला. त्या निळ्या तुकड्याच्या मधोमध दोन पावलं उमटली. एकदम चंदेरी वर्खात मढलेली आणि खाली इंग्रजीत शब्द उमटले, ‘सिल्व्हर फूटप्रिन्टस! दि मोस्ट क्लिन फूटप्रिन्टस’.

प्रश्न 3.
पर्यावरणाच्या मदतीसाठी तुम्ही काय प्रयत्न कराल ते उदाहणांसह लिहा.
उत्तरः
पर्यावरणाची समस्या दिवसेंदिवस गंभीर होत चालली आहे. त्यासाठी प्रत्येकाने हातभार लावणे गरजेचे आहे. सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा वापर करणे, झाडे लावणे, प्लॅस्टीकचा वापर टाळणे, पाण्याचा योग्य वापर करणे, वीज बचतीच्या सवयी लावून घेणे. त्यामुळे आपण पर्यावरण रक्षणास थोडाफार तरी हातभार लावू शकतो असे मला वाटते.

प्रश्न 4.
पावडेकाका पर्यावरणास मारक अशी कोणती कृती करतात ते तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
पावडेकाका सदैव कारने प्रवास करतात. त्यामुळे ते हवेत जास्त कार्बन डायऑक्साईड सोडण्याची कृती करतात, त्यामुळे हवेचे प्रदूषण होते. एवढेच नव्हे तर रोजचा पस्तीस ते चाळीस किलोमीटरचा प्रवास ते एकट्याने करतात. पावडे काकांसारखी अशी अनेक माणसे आहेत की ती एक-एकटी प्रवास करून इंधन, ध्वनी, वायू, जमीन यांची हानी करत असतात. पावडे काकांची एकंदरीत जीवनशैली बघितली तर ते सदैव पर्यावरणास मारक अशीच कृती करतात असे दिसून येते.

प्रश्न ४. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.
कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) आपल्या पायाला चिकटलेला हा कार्बन आपाल्याला धुवायला हवा कारण …
उत्तर:
आपल्या पायाला चिकटलेला हा कार्बन आपल्याला धुवायला हवा कारण ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगमुळे आपली पृथ्वी तापाने फणफणते आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 4.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 5.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) पुन्हा निळा तुकडा चमकला आणि काही क्षणातच त्या निळ्या तुकड्यावर पावडेकाकांची ……………………………. उमटली. (बोटे, पावलं, ठसे, अंगठी)
(ii) किती प्रचंड ……………………………. चिकटलेला असतो, आपल्या पायांना! ग्लोबल वॉर्मिगला हातभार लावतो आपण. (कार्बन, नायट्रोजन, ऑक्सिजन, गॅस)
उत्तर:
(i) पावलं
(ii) कार्बन

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) स्वच्छता अपवर रेखामावशींची पावलं स्वच्छ उमटली कारण …………………………… .
उत्तरः
स्वच्छता अपवर रेखामावशींची पाऊले स्वच्छ उमटली कारण रेखामावशीच्या दैनंदिन जीवन शैलीतून कार्बन वातावरणात सोडत नाही.

(ii) स्वच्छता अपवर पावडेकाकांची काळीकुट्ट पावलं उमटली कारण …………………………… .
उत्तर:
स्वच्छता अपवर पावडेकाकांची काळीकुट्ट पावलं उमटली कारण पावडेकाका त्यांच्या जीवनशैलीतून दररोज एक लीटर पेट्रोलच्या दुपटीहून अधिक कार्बन डायऑक्साइड वातावरणात सोडतात.

प्रश्न 2.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) स्नेहल गहिवरून काय म्हणाली?
उत्तरः
आपण ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगला हातभार लावतो म्हणून पृथ्वी तापानं फणफणलीय, असे स्नेहल गहिवरून म्हणाली.

(ii) पावडेकाकांना कोणती गोष्ट पटली नाही?
उत्तर:
आपली सुंदर स्वच्छ पावले स्वच्छता अपवर काळीकुट्ट उमटली ही गोष्ट पावडेकाकांना पटली नाही.

(iii) पावलांचा काळा रंग कशावरून ठरतो?
उत्तरः
पावलांचा काळा रंग कार्बन सोडण्याच्या प्रमाणावरून ठरतो.

(iv) रेखामावशीची पावलं आपल्यापेक्षा अधिक सुंदर, चंदेरी का आहेत?
उत्तरः
रेखामावशींच्या रोजच्या जगण्यात कार्बन उत्सर्जनाला वावच नाही, म्हणून त्यांची पावलं आपल्यापेक्षा अधिक सुंदर, चंदेरी आहेत.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले?

प्रश्न 4.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून विधान पूर्ण करा,
(i) हे अॅप आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून उमटणाऱ्या आपल्या …………………………….
(अ) कार्बन प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
(आ) झेरॉक्स प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
(इ) नकली प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
(ई) कलर प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
उत्तरः
हे अप आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून उमटणाऱ्या आपल्या कार्बन प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
पावडेकाकांनी सुमितवर राग का व्यक्त केला तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
सुमितने तयार केलेल्या स्वच्छता अॅपवर सुमितने पावडेकाकांची सगळी माहिती भरली आणि मोबाईलच्या स्क्रीनवर पावडेकाकांची काळीकुट्ट पावले उमटली आणि खाली शब्द आले, ‘यू हॅव डर्टीएस्ट फूटप्रिन्टस’ पावडेकाकांचे प्रत्यक्षात पाय अत्यंत स्वच्छ आणि सुंदर होते. मग त्यांचे पाय असे काळेकुट्ट कसे असू शकतात म्हणून ते रागावले.

प्रश्न 2.
ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगला आपण प्रत्यक्ष किंवा अप्रत्यक्ष कशाप्रकारे हातभार लावतो हे तुमच्या अनुभवातून लिहा.
उत्तरः
आपण प्रत्यक्ष आणि अप्रत्यक्ष अशा अनेक गोष्टी करतो, की त्यामुळे आपण ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगला हातभार लावतो. आपण थोड्याथोड्या अंतरावर जाण्यासाठी कार्बन उर्सजन करणाऱ्या वाहनांचा वापर करतो. सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा उपयोग न करता एकेका व्यक्तीसाठी एकेक वाहन वापरतो. जितक्या प्रमाणात आपण वृक्षतोड करतो, तेवढी वृक्षांची लागवड करत नाही. ओझोन आणि ऑक्सिजन यांना विरल करणारे अनेक विषारी आणि घातक वायू आपण आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून वातावरणात सोडत असतो.

प्रश्न 3.
धरती तापानं फणफणलीय हे विधान स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
स्नेहलच्या मते, आपण आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून अवधं वातावरण घाण करतो. प्रदूषित करतो. प्रचंड प्रमाणात कार्बन वातावरणात सोडतो. त्यामुळे पृथ्वीचे तापमान दिवसेंदिवस वाढते आहे. या सगळ्यांचा परिणाम ऋतु हवामान, पाऊस या सगळ्यांवर झाला आहे. धरतीवरील बर्फाचे कडे वितळू लागले आहेत. संपूर्ण चराचराला याचे परिणाम भोगावे लागत आहेत.

प्रश्न 4.
सुमितने कोणते शास्त्रीय सत्य पावडेकाकांना सांगितले?
उत्तरः
सुमितने पावडेकाकांना सांगितले, एक लीटर पेट्रोल जळते म्हणजेच त्याच्या दुपटीहून अधिक कार्बन डायॉक्साईड वातावरणात सोडला जातो. तुमच्या कार्बन सोडण्याच्या प्रमाणावरून तुमच्या पावलांचा रंग ठरतो. म्हणून प्रत्यक्षात सुंदर दिसणारी पावडेकाकांची पाऊले मात्र खऱ्या अर्थाने काळीकुट्ट आहेत.

प्रश्न ५. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सुचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती करा.

प्रश्न 2.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून लिहा.
(i) स्नेहल कॉलेजला जाताना बसने ये-जा करणार आहे कारण…
(अ) तिला बसच्या गर्दी पासून वाचायचे होते.
(आ) सायकलने ये-जा केल्याने तिचा व्यायाम होणार होता.
(इ) तिला कार्बन उर्ल्सजनाचे प्रमाण कमी करून पर्यावरणाला हातभार लावायचा होता.
(ई) तिला पैसे वाचावायचे आहेत.
उत्तरः
स्नेहल कॉलेजला जाताना बसने ये-जा करणार आहे कारण तिला कार्बन उर्सजनाचे प्रमाण कमी करून पर्यावरणाला हातभार लावायचा होता.

(ii) सगळ्यांनी पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्टचा वापर करावा कारण …………………………….
(अ) त्यामुळे रहदारीची समस्या कमी होईल
(आ) प्रवासाचा खर्च वाचेल.
(इ) अनेकांनी एकाच वाहनाचा उपयोग केल्यामुळे वाहनांची संख्या कमी होवून कार्बन उत्सर्जनाचे प्रमाणही कमी होईल,
(ई) प्रदुषण वाढेल.
उत्तरः
सगळ्यांनी पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्टचा वापर करावा कारण अनेकांनी एकाच वाहनाचा उपयोग केल्यामुळे वाहनांची संख्या कमी होऊन कार्बन उत्सर्जनाचे प्रमाणही कमी होईल.

प्रश्न 3.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) अभिषेकला कशी पावले हवी होती?
उत्तर:
अभिषेकला रेखामावशीसारखी चंदेरी पावले हवी होती.

(ii) कोणती गोष्ट आपल्याला कमीपणाची वाटते?
उत्तर:
बसने प्रवास करणे ही गोष्ट आपल्याला कमीपणाची वाटते.

प्रश्न 4.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 5.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) ……………………………….. सगळ्याचं बोलणं लक्ष देऊन ऐकत होत्या. (रेखामावशी, स्नेहल, पावडेकाकू, अमिषाकाकू)
(ii) त्या निळ्याशार तुकड्यावर ……………………………….. उमटल्याचा त्यांना भास झाला. (तारे, चांदणं, ढग, मेघ)
उत्तर:
(i) रेखामावशी
(ii) चांदणं

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 3.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) रेखामावशी सगळ्यांचं बोलणं लक्ष देऊन ऐकत होत्या.
(ii) सुमित भरभरून बोलत होता.
उत्तर:
(i) बरोबर
(ii) बरोबर

प्रश्न 4.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 5.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून विधान पूर्ण करा. मी ठरवलंय, मी कॉलेजला जाताना सायकल वापरणार, मला माझे पाय….
(अ) अभिषेकसारखे सोनेरी हवेत.
(आ) स्नेहलसारखे सुंदर हवेत.
(इ) रेखामावशींसारखे चंदेरी हवेत.
(ई) पावडेकाकूसारखे चंदेरी हवेत.
उत्तरः
मी ठरवलंय, मी कॉलेजला जाताना सायकल वापरणार, मला माझे पाय रेखामावशींसारखे चंदेरी हवेत.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
उताऱ्यातील प्रत्येकाने पर्यावरणपूरक वागण्याचा कशाप्रकारे निश्चय केला?
उत्तरः
अभिषेक कॉलेजला जाण्यासाठी सायकल वापरणार होता. तर स्नेहल बसने ये-जा करणार होती. थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी बाईक न वापरता पायीच चालत गेले पाहिजे असे अभिषेकच्या बाबांनी ठरवले. आपली ही कार्बनची पावलं पुसून टाकण्यासाठी वृक्ष लागवड करायला हवी, असे मत सुमितने व्यक्त केले. अशाप्रकारे सर्वांनी पर्यावरणास मदत करण्याची शपथ घेतली.

प्रश्न 2.
हिरव्यागर्द झाडांनी आपली काळीकुट्ट पावलं थोडी तरी उजळ होतील हे विधान तुमच्या शब्दांत स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
आपण आपल्या दैनंदिन जीवनशैलीतून जास्तीत जास्त कार्बन वातावरणात सोडतो. त्याचा प्रचंड परिणाम पर्यावरणावर होतो. हवेत मिसळलेल्या कार्बनचे प्रमाण कमी करण्यासाठी व ऑक्सिजनचे प्रमाण वाढवण्यासाठी जास्तीत जास्त प्रयत्न केले पाहिजेत, त्यातला सर्वात ठोस आणि परिणामकारक उपाय म्हणजे जास्तीत जास्त झाडे लावणे व त्यांचे संवर्धन करणे. त्यामुळे ऑक्सिजनच्या प्रमाणात वाढ होईल. त्यासाठी सर्वांनीच जाणीवपूर्वक प्रयत्न केले पाहिजे.

प्रश्न 3.
कार्बन डायऑक्साईडचे हवेतले प्रमाण कमी करण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय उपाय करू शकता? तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तरः
हवेत सोडला जाणारा कार्बन आणि निसर्गात निर्माण होणारा ऑक्सिजन यांच्या प्रमाणात प्रचंड असमतोल आपण प्रदुषणाच्या माध्यमातून अनुभवतो. निर्माण होणारे औद्योगीकरण, झाडांची प्रचंड कत्तल, कारखान्यातून निघणारा धूर यांमुळे ऑक्सिजनच्या प्रमाणात घट होते आहे.

या सगळ्याचा विचार करता, विकास करताना पर्यावरणाचा नाश होणार नाही ही बाब लक्षात घेतली पाहिजे. जेवढी झाडे कापली आहेत, तेवढी वाढवली पाहिजेत. लोकसंख्येवर नियंत्रण आणले पाहिजे, प्रत्येकाने आपल्या जीवनशैलीचा अभ्यास करून ती पर्यावरण पुरक कशी होईल याचा विचार केला पाहिजे, तरच ओं क्सिजनचे प्रमाण वाढून हवेतील कार्बनचे प्रमाण कमी होऊ शकते.

स्वाध्याय कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) स्नेहल त्रासली कारण …………………………….
उत्तर:
स्नेहल त्रासली कारण रेखामावशींच्या पायाचे काळे मळकट ठसे पुसलेल्या फरशीवर उमटले होते.

(ii) पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा पडला कारण …………………………….
उत्तर:
पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा पडला कारण मोबाईल स्क्रीनवर पावडे काकांची काळीकुट्ट पावलं उमटली होती.

(७) खालील तख्ता पूर्ण करा

फूटप्रिन्टस Summary in Marathi

फूटप्रिन्टस पाठपरिचय‌‌

तरूणांना‌ ‌मार्गदर्शन‌ ‌करणाऱ्या‌ ‌छात्रप्रबोधन‌ ‌एप्रिल‌ ‌२०१७‌ ‌च्या‌ ‌अंकातून‌ ‌प्रस्तुत‌ ‌पाठ‌ ‌घेतला‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌ग्लोबल‌ ‌वॉर्मिंगमधून‌ ‌आपल्या‌ ‌धरणीमातेला‌ ‌वाचवण्यासाठी‌ ‌वृक्षसंवर्धनाबरोबरच,‌ ‌वैयक्तिक‌ ‌वाहनांचा‌ ‌उपयोग‌ ‌करण्यापेक्षा‌ ‌प्रवासी‌ ‌वाहन‌ ‌सुविधांचा‌ ‌अधिकाधिक‌ ‌वापर‌ ‌करावा,‌ ‌त्यासाठी‌ ‌आपली‌ ‌जीवनशैली‌ ‌बदलावी‌ ‌असा‌ ‌संदेश‌ ‌’फूटप्रिन्टस’‌ ‌या‌ ‌पाठातून‌ ‌लेखक‌ ‌’डॉ.‌ ‌प्रदिप‌ ‌आवटे’‌ ‌यांनी‌ ‌दिला‌ ‌आहे.‌‌

फूटप्रिन्टस Summary in English

To‌ ‌save‌ ‌the‌ ‌earth‌ ‌from‌ ‌global‌ ‌warming,‌ ‌besides‌ ‌planting‌ ‌trees,‌ ‌we‌ ‌must‌ ‌use‌ ‌public‌ ‌transportation‌ ‌rather‌ ‌than‌ ‌private‌ ‌vehicles,‌ ‌which‌ ‌will‌ ‌also‌ ‌help‌ ‌to‌ ‌reduce‌ ‌the‌ ‌pollution.‌ ‌To‌ ‌realize‌ ‌this,‌ ‌our‌ ‌routine‌ ‌lives‌ ‌must‌ ‌undergo‌ ‌changes‌ ‌and‌ ‌adjustments‌ ‌whenever‌ ‌necessary.‌ ‌This‌ ‌is‌ ‌the‌ ‌message‌ ‌of‌ ‌this‌ ‌lesson‌ ‌by‌ ‌Dr.‌ ‌Pradeep‌ ‌Awate.‌ ‌Minimising‌ ‌the‌ ‌use‌ ‌of‌ ‌electronic‌ ‌gadgets‌ ‌and‌ ‌machinery‌ ‌will‌ ‌help‌ ‌us‌ ‌connect‌ ‌with‌ ‌nature‌ ‌and‌ ‌there‌ ‌will‌ ‌also‌ ‌be‌ ‌additional‌ ‌greenery‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌world‌ ‌around‌ ‌us.‌‌

फूटप्रिन्टस शब्दार्थ‌

• ‌समदी‌ ‌-‌ ‌सगळी‌ ‌-‌ ‌(entire)‌
• ‌बक्कल‌ ‌-‌ ‌पुष्कळ‌ ‌-‌ ‌(abundant,‌ ‌plenty)‌ ‌
• उखणणे‌ ‌‌-‌ ‌खडबडीत‌ ‌होणे‌ ‌-‌ ‌(become‌ ‌rough)‌
• ‌गोजिरा‌ ‌-‌ ‌सुंदर‌ ‌-‌ ‌(beautiful)‌ ‌
• चिरण्या‌ ‌-‌ ‌तडा,‌ ‌भेगा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(cracks)‌‌
• लोन्यागत‌ ‌-‌ ‌लोण्यासारखा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(like‌ ‌butter)‌
• ‌निरभ्र‌ ‌-‌ ‌ढग‌ ‌नसलेल्या,‌ ‌स्वच्छ‌ ‌-‌ ‌(cloudless)‌ ‌
• चंदेरी‌ ‌-‌ ‌चांदीसारखा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(like‌ ‌silver‌ ‌of‌ ‌silver‌ ‌colour)‌
• ‌ठसे‌ ‌-‌ ‌छाप‌‌ -‌ ‌(an‌ ‌impression)‌ ‌
• स्फटिक‌ ‌-‌ ‌पारदर्शक‌ ‌-‌ ‌(crystal)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the sentences by choosing the right option :

Question a.
Brazil is covered mainly by _________.
(a) highlands
(b) mountainous region
(c) plains
(d) dissected hills
Answer:
(a) highlands

Question b.
Like Brazil, India too has __________.
(a) high mountains
(b) west flowing rivers
(c) ancient plateau
(d) snow-capped mountains
Answer:
(c) ancient plateau

Question c.
The Amazon Basin is mainly ________.
(a) characterized by droughts
(b) filled by swamps
(c) covered by dense forests
(d) fertile
Answer:
(c) covered by dense forests

Question d.
Amazon is a large river in the world. Near its mouth ___________.
(a) deltaic regions are found
(b) no deltas are found
(c) deposition of sediment occurs
(d) fishing is done
Answer:
(b) no deltas are found

Question e.
The Lakshadweep Islands of the Arabian Sea are _________.
(a) made from the part separated by mainland
(b) coral islands
(c) volcanic islands
(d) continental islands
Answer:
(b) coral islands

Question f.
To the foothills of the Aravalis _________.
(a) lies the Budelkhand Plateau
(b) lies the Malwa Plateau
(c) lies the Mewad Plateau
(d) lies the Deccan Plateau
Answer:
(c) lies the Mewad Plateau

2. Answer the following Questions:

Question a.
Differentiate between the physiography of Brazil and India
Answer:

The Physiography of India	The Physiography of Brazil
The physiographic divisions of India are the Himalayas, the North Indian Plains and the Peninsula, Coastal Plains, and the Islands.	The physiographic divisions of Brazil are: The Highlands, The Great Escarpment, The Coastal region, The Plains and The Islands.
There are long and high mountain ranges in northern and north eastern part of India in the form of Himalayan ranges. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats lie to the west and east of the Peninsular region. The average altitude of the Greater Himalayas is around 6000m.	In Brazil there are no high and continuous mountain ranges. The eastern side of the Highlands is demarcated because of the Escarpment. The Great Escarpment located in south-eastern part of the Highlands has an altitude of 790m in this region with the height gradually decreasing.
In India the Plains occupy a wide area in the north. The Plains lie between the Himalayas in the North and the Peninsula in the South. It extends from Rajasthan in the West to Assam in the East. The Coastal Plains lie to the west and east of the Peninsula.	In Brazil the Amazon Basin in the North and the Parana-Paraguay Basin to the South West constitutes the Plains. Also a narrow coastal plain is confined to the North and the East.
The Peninsular Plateau region of India lies to the South of the North Indian Plains and is divided into 2 groups, the The Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.	In Brazil the Highlands occupy an extensive area in the South and is described as the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Shield. Also to the North lies the Guyana Highland.
The islands in India are either volcanic or coral in origin.	The islands in Brazil are mainly depositional and some of them are coral in nature.

Question b.
What measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers of India?
Answer:
Rivers in India are getting polluted due to the sewage and effluents being added to it and thus affecting its quality. Following measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers in India.

(i) Treating of the sewage before draining it into the rivers.
(ii) Reducing the use of pesticides and insecticides as they drain into the water sources and pollute it.
(iii) Discharge of industrial effluents into rivers without proper treatment is now controlled.
(iv) Reusing the water for different purposes which reduces the overuse and pollution of water.
(v) Carrying out the cleaning and purification of the river water under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP).
(vi) Creating awareness in the people about the importance of rivers and harmful effects of pollution.
(vii) Setting up of Pollution Control Boards (PCB) at the state and national level to curb pollution.

Question c.
Explain the characteristics of the North Indian Plains.
Answer:
(i) This division lies between Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

(ii) Similarly, it extends from Rajasthan and Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.

(iii) It is mostly a flat low lying area.

(iv) The North Indian Plains are divided into two parts. The part lying to the east of the Aravalis is the basin of the river Ganga and is therefore known as the Ganga Plains. It slopes eastward.

(v) Most of the Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system. It is known as the Sunderbans. It is considered to be the world’s largest delta.

(vi) The western part of the North Indian Plains is occupied by desert known as the Thar Desert or Marusthali. Most of Rajasthan is occupied by this desert.

(vii) To the north of the desert lie the plains of Punjab.

(viii) This region is spread to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges. These plains have formed as a result of the depositonal work by river Satluj and its tributaries. The slope of the plains is towards the west.
Because the soil here is very fertile, agriculture is largely practised in this region.

Question d.
What could be the reasons behind the formation of swamps in the extensive continental location of Pantanal?
Answer:
Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world, lying in the south west part of the highland areas.
It is a region of swamps and marshes in northwestern part of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina too.
This region is drained by the river Paraguay and its tributaries.
They collect the water from the highland areas and deposit the sediments in the low lying Pantanal region.
Pantanal is a gently sloped basin which is submerged throughout the year due to the filling of the sediments and water in the depression area of the Pantanal.

Question e.
Which are the major water divides of India give examples.
Answer:
A mountain or an upland which separates two drainage basins is known as a Water Divide. The major Water Divides of India are :

Western Ghats: The Western Ghats acts as a water divide and separates the west flowing rivers like Zuari, Mandvi, Vaitama draining into the Arabian Sea, from the east flowing rivers like the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri draining into the Bay of Bengal.

Vindhya ranges: It divides the drainage basin of the River Ganga and the River Narmada.

Aravali ranges : The Aravali ranges separate the west flowing river Luni from the east flowing river Banas.

Satpuda ranges: The Satpudas separate the Narmada drainage basin and the Tapi drainage basin.

Question 3.
Write notes on :
Answer:
a. Amazon River Basin:
(i) Amazon collects its headwaters from the eastern slopes of Andes Mountains in Peru.

(ii) Amazon River receives huge discharge. This is about 2 lakh m³/s.

(iii) As a result, Amazon washes off the load supplied to it from the catchment

(iv) Consequently, sediments are not deposited even at the mouth.

(v) A dense network of distributaries, which is a characteristic feature of river mouth areas, is by and large absent in the mouth region of Amazon.

(vi) Instead, we find a series of islands developed along the mouth of Amazon, beyond the coastline into the Atlantic Ocean.

(vii) At the mouth, the width of Amazon channel is 150 km.

(viii) Most of the course of the Amazon river is suitable for navigation.

b. Himalayas:
(i) The Himalayas is one of the young fold mountains in the world.

(ii) The Himalayas extend from Pamir Knot in Tajikistan to the east. It is a major mountain system of the Asian continent.

(iii) In India, it extends from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.

(iv) The Himalayas is not a single mountain range. There are many parallel ranges in the system.

(v) The southernmost range of Himalayas is known as the Siwaliks. It is also the youngest range.

(vi) Beyond the Siwaliks are Lesser Himalayas (Himachal), Greater Himalayas (Himadri) and Trans Himalayan ranges from south to north.

(vii) These ranges are young to old respectively.

(viii) These mountain ranges can also be divided into Western Himalayas (or Kashmir Himalayas), Central Himalayas (or Kumaun Himalayas) and Eastern Himalayas (or Assam Himalayas).

c. The coasts of Brazil:

(i) Brazil has a coastline of about 7400 km. They are divided into two parts namely northern coast and the eastern coast.

(ii) The northern coast extends from Amapa province in the north to Rio Grande Do Norte in the east. This coast can be called as North Atlantic Coast. From here, the eastern coast extends towards the south.

(iii) The northern coast is characterized by mouths of many rivers including the Amazon. Therefore, this region is a low-lying region.
(iv) On this coast lie the Marajo island, Marajo and Sao Marcos Bays.

(v) Marajo, a large coastal island located between River Amazon and River Tocantins, lies on the northern coast.

(vi) The eastern coast receives a large number of smaller rivers. The only major river which meets the Atlantic Ocean here is Sao Francisco.
(vii) The Brazilian Coast is characterized by a large number of beaches and sand dune complexes.

(viii) The Brazilian Coast is protected in some areas by coral reefs and atoll islands.

d. The Indian Peninsula:

(i) The area lying to the south of North Indian Plains and tapering towards the Indian Ocean is called Indian Peninsula.
(ii) It consists of many plateaus and hill ranges.
(iii) The Aravalis in the north west are the oldest fold mountains here.
(iv) It includes a series of plateaus bordering the Plains, Vindhyas and Satpuda ranges in the central part and the hilly regions of Western and Eastern Ghats.

e. The Great Escarpment:

(i) An Escarpment is a long, steep slope especially one at the edge of a plateau.

(ii) Though the Great Escarpment occupies a I very small area, the nature of its slope and the effect it has on the climate makes is a separate
physiographic region.

(iii) The eastern side of the Brazilian Highland is demarcated because of the escarpment.

(iv) In this region, the altitude of the escarpment is 790 m.

(v) In some regions, the height decreases gradually.

(vi) The escarpment is very steep particularly from Sao Paulo to Porto Alegre.

(vii) The escarpment acts as a barrier to the Southeast Trade Winds giving rise to the rainshadow area in the northeast part of the highlands. The region to the north of this area is called ‘Drought Quadrilateral’.

4. Write geographical reasons:

Question a.
There are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.
Answer:
(i) Many rivers originating from the terminal portion of the Brazilian highlands flow northwards to meet the Amazon river and finally terminate in the Atlantic Ocean.

(ii) Sao Francisco River flows 1000 kms towards the north and then turns east to join the Atlantic Ocean.

(iii) The rivers Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay originating from the southern part of Brazilian highlands flow southwest and enter Argentina.

(iv) The Amazon river, originating from the Andes mountain in the west flows eastwards to meet the Atlantic Ocean.

(v) Thus, there are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.

Question b.
There are dissimilarities between the eastern and the western coast of India.
Answer:
(i) The western coast borders the Arabian Sea and the eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal.

(ii) The western coast is by and large a rocky coast. At places, spurs starting from the Western Ghats have extended right up to the coast. The eastern coast has been formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.

(iii) The width of the western coast is narrow, whereas that of the eastern coast is wide.

(iv) Short and swift rivers originating from Western Ghats form estuaries on the western coast, whereas, because of the gentle slope the east flowing rivers flowing at low speed deposit sediments and form deltas on the eastern coast.

(v) Thus there are dissimilarities between the eastern and the western coasts of India.

Question c.
There are fewer natural ports on the eastern coast of India.
Answer:
(i) The eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal. It has been formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.
(ii) Many east flowing rivers have formed deltas at their mouth due to the gentle slope.
(iii) Sediments deposited by the river makes the coast shallow.
(iv) Therefore there are fewer natural ports on the eastern coast of India.

Question d.
As compared to Amazon, the pollution in river Ganga affects human life greatly.
Answer:
(i) The Amazon Basin is a sparsely populated region of Brazil.. Unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall, inaccessibility and dense forest are the barriers for development of human settlements and industrialisation here.

(ii) On the other hand, the Ganga Plain region is one of the most densely populated regions of India.

(iii) Due to flat fertile plains, availability of water, suitable climate, dense human settlements have been established in this region.

(iv) Mining activities in the Amazon Basin causes pollution in the Amazon River, whereas industrial and domestic sewage adds to the pollution of

River Ganga. Thus as compared to Amazon, the pollution in River Ganga affects human life greatly, as the Ganga Plain is more densely populated as compared to the Amazon Plains.

5. Identify the correct group:

Question a.
The order of the physiographic units in Brazil while going from North West to South East
(i) Parana River basin – Guyana Highlands – Brazilian Highlands
(ii) Guyana Highlands – Amazon river basin – Brazilian Highlands
(iii) Coastal plains – Amazon River basin – Brazilian Highlands
Answer:
Guyana Highlands – Amazon River basin – Brazilian Highlands

Question b.
These Rivers of Brazil are north-flowing
(i) Juruaka – Xingu – Aragua
(ii) Negro – Branco – Paru
(iii) Japura – Jurua – Purus
Answer:
Juruaka – Xingu – Aragua

Question c.
The order of plateaus of India from south to north.
(i) Karnataka – Maharashtra – Bundelkhand
(ii) Chhota Nagpur – Malwa – Marwad
(iii) Telangana – Maharashtra – Marwad
Answer:
Karnataka – Maharashtra – Bundelkhand

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Intext Questions and Answers

Observe the map and answer the following questions.

Physiography And Drainage Map Questions And Answers Question 1.
In which direction does the region with an altitude of more than 6000m lie in India ?
Answer:
The region with an altitude of more than 6000m lies part of India towards the north and north eastern.

Physiography And Drainage Questions And Answers  Question 2.
Look for the south-flowing river in the peninsular region. In which river basin does it lie?
Answer:
River Wardha and Vainganga are the south flowing river in the peninsular region. These lie in the Godavari river basin.

Physiography And Drainage Question 3.
In which direction is the slope of the region in the north shown in dark green.
Answer:
The region in the north shown in dark green is the North Indian Plain. It slopes towards the east.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 3 Physiography And Drainage Question 4.
Make a list of plateaus located in between Aravalli ranges and Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
Answer:
Plateaus located in between Aravalli ranges and Chhota Nagpur Plateau are Mewad Plateau, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand and Malwa Plateau.

Physiography And Drainage Of India And Brazil Notes  Question 5.
Name the peak shown in the Eastern Ghats.
Answer:
Mahendragiri (1600m) and Malayagiri (1187m) are the peak shown in the Eastern Ghats.

Physiography And Drainage 10th Question 6.
Which mountains demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra?
Answer:
Dafla Hills, Naga Hills, Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra.

Physiography And Drainage Class 10  Question 7.
Give the relative location of the Nilgiri Hills.
Answer:
Nilgiri Hills lie at the convergence of Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in the southern part of the Deccan Pleateau.

10th Physiography Chapter 3 In Marathi Question Answer  Question 8.
In which direction does the height of Sahyadri hills increase?
Answer:
The height of Sahayadri hills increase towards the south.

Question 9.
The Vindhyas act as a water divide between which two river basins?
Answer:
The Vindhyas acts as a water divide between Ganga river system and Narmada river system.

Observe the map and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the range of altitude of the Amazon river basin?
Answer:
The range of altitude of the Amazon river basin is from 0 metres to 200 metres.

Question 2.
Between which two highlands is the Amazon river basin located?
Answer:
The Amazon river basin is located between the Guyana Highlands and the Brazilian Highlands.

Question 3.
Observe the region with the altitude of 500 to 1000 metres. Describe the locational extent of this region in yellow with reference to the direction.
Answer:
The region in yellow represents the Brazilian Highlands. They cover most of the eastern and southern parts of Brazil.

Question 4.
What do the isolated regions shown in yellow indicate?
Answer:
The isolated region shown in yellow indicate the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Plateau or the Brazilian Shield.

Question 5.
Besides the Amazon river basin, where else do you find regions with an altitude of less than 200m?
Answer:
Besides the Amazon basin the other regions with an altitude of less than 200m are the Pampas, Parana and Paraguay basin, as well as the Eastern and Northen coastal region.

Question 6.
Describe the plateau region with height of 200 to 500m through which tributaries of Amazon flow in your own words.
Answer:
The highlands here gradually slope towards north and slopes are not very steep. The tributaries of Amazon, eg. Xingu river flowing through this region make rapids and waterfalls.

Question 10.
Enumerate the characteristics of the Western Ghats.
Answer:
(i) The Western Ghats are a continuous chain of mountains extending from north to south for about 1600 km. They run parallel to the west cost of India.
(ii) In the north, i.e., in Maharashtra and Karnataka these mountain ranges are referred as Sahyadris and in the south they are referred as Annamalai hills.
(iii) The height of the Western Ghats increases towards the south.
(iv) These hill ranges comprise of many peaks such as Kalsubai Peak (1646 m) located to the north and Anaimudi Peak (2695 m) located to the south of Western Ghats.
(v) The highest peak of Western Ghats is Anaimudi Peak (2695 m) located in Annamalai hills.
(vi) The western slope of the Western Ghats is steep while the eastern slope is gentle
(vii) The Western Ghats acts as a water divide for the rivers flowing towards Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

Question 11.
Compare the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats
Answer:

S.no	Eastern Ghats		Western Ghats
(i)	The Eastern Ghats run along the eastern coast of India in the north east to south west direction.		(i)	The Western Ghats also known as Sahyadris run in the north-south direction along the western coast of India.
(ii)	It forms the eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau.                                          .		(ii)	It forms the western boundary of Deccan Plateau.
(hi)	It is not continuous, but is broken at many places by rivers like Godavari and Krishna.		(iii)	The Western Ghats is like a continuous wall like structure, but is broken at same places by passes.
(iv)	Comparatively less number of rivers originate from the Eastern Ghats.		(iv)	It is a source of many westward and eastward flowing rivers.
(v)	The average altitude of the Eastern Ghats is low (600 mts) but they are wider than Western Ghats.		(v)	The average altitude of the Western Ghats is high (900-1600 mts) but it is narrower in width than Eastern Ghats.
(vi)	Highest peak of Eastern Ghats is Jindhagada (1690 m)		(vi)	Highest peak of Western Ghats is Anaimudi Peak (2695 m)

Question 12.
Why are the Western Ghats called a water divide ?
Answer:
The Western Ghats divide the basins of the west flowing rivers like Vaitama, Mandovi, etc. flowing towards the Arabian sea from those of the east flowing rivers like Godavari, Krishna, etc. flowing towards the Bay of Bengal.

Answer the following Questions:

Question 1.
Differentiate between the Physiography of Brazil and India.
Answer:

The Physiography of India	The Physiography of Brazil
(i) The physiographic divisions of India are the Himalayas, the North Indian Plains and the Peninsula, Coastal Plains, and the Islands.	(i) The physiographic divisions of Brazil are: The Highlands, The Great Escarpment, The Coastal region, The Plains and The Islands.
(ii) There are long and high mountain ranges in northern and north eastern part of India in the form of Himalayan ranges. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats lie to the west and east of the Peninsular region. The average altitude of the Greater Himalayas is around 6000m.	(ii) In Brazil there are no high and continuous mountain ranges. The eastern side of the Highlands is demarcated because of the Escarpment. The Great Escarpment located in south-eastern part of the Highlands has an altitude of 790m in this region with the height gradually decreasing.
(iii) In India the Plains occupy a wide area in the north. The Plains lie between the Himalayas in the North and the Peninsula in the South. It extends from Rajasthan in the West to Assam in the East. The Coastal Plains lie to the west and east of the Peninsula.	(iii) In Brazil the Amazon Basin in the North and the Parana-Paraguay Basin to the South West constitutes the Plains. Also a narrow coastal plain is confined to the North and the East.
(iv) The Peninsular Plateau region of India lies to the South of the North Indian Plains and is divided into 2 groups, the The Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.	(iv) In Brazil the Highlands occupy an extensive area in the South and is described as the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Shield. Also to the North lies the Guyana Highland.
(v) The islands in India are either volcanic or coral in origin.	(v) The islands in Brazil are mainly depositional and some of them are coral in nature.

Question 2.
What measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers of India?
Answer:
Rivers in India are getting polluted due to the sewage and effluents being added to it and thus affecting its quality. Following measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers in India.

• Treating of the sewage before draining it into the rivers.
• Reducing the use of pesticides and insecticides as they drain into the water sources and pollute it.
• Discharge of industrial effluents into rivers without proper treatment is now controlled.
• Reusing the water for different purposes which reduces the overuse and pollution of water.
• Carrying out the cleaning and purification of the river water under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP).
• Creating awareness in the people about the importance of rivers and harmful effects of pollution.
• Setting up of Pollution Control Boards (PCB) at the state and national level to curb pollution.

Question 3.
Explain the characteristics of the North Indian Plains.
Answer:
(i) This division lies between Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

(ii) Similarly, it extends from Rajasthan and Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.

(iii) It is mostly a flat low lying area.

(iv) The North Indian Plains are divided into two parts. The part lying to the east of the Aravalis is the basin of the river Ganga and is therefore known as the Ganga Plains. It slopes eastward.

(v) Most of the Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system. It is known as the Sunderbans. It is considered to be the world’s largest delta.

(vi) The western part of the North Indian Plains is occupied by desert known as the Thar Desert or Marusthali. Most of Rajasthan is occupied by this desert.

(vii) To the north of the desert lie the plains of Punjab.

(viii) This region is spread to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges. These plains have formed as a result of the depositonal work by river Satluj and its tributaries. The slope of the plains is towards the west.

(ix) Because the soil here is very fertile, agriculture is largely practised in this region.

Question 4.

What could be the reasons behind the formation of swamps in the extensive continental location of Pantanal?
Answer:
Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world, lying in the south west part of the highland areas.

It is a region of swamps and marshes in northwestern part of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina too.
This region is drained by the river Paraguay and its tributaries.

They collect the water from the highland areas and deposit the sediments in the low lying Pantanal region.

Pantanal is a gently sloped basin which is submerged throughout the year due to the filling of the sediments and water in the depression area of the Pantanal.

Question 5.

Which are the major water divides of India give examples.
Answer:
A mountain or an upland which separates two drainage basins is known as a Water Divide. The major Water Divides of India are :

Western Ghats: The Western Ghats acts as a water divide and separates the west flowing rivers like Zuari, Mandvi, Vaitama draining into the Arabian Sea, from the east flowing rivers like the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri draining into the Bay of Bengal.

Vindhya ranges: It divides the drainage basin of the River Ganga and the River Narmada.

Aravali ranges: The Aravali ranges separate the west flowing river Luni from the east flowing river Banas.

Satpuda ranges: The Satpudas separate the Narmada drainage basin and the Tapi drainage basin.

( Colours of Both )
Use the physical maps of India, Brazil and the indices to answer the following:

Question 1.
In which parts do the areas with highest altitude lie in both the countries, respectively?
Answer:
In India, the Himalayas occupying the northern and the north eastern part name highest altitude. In Brazil, the Escarpment occupying the southern part has highest altitude and the highest peak Pico de Neblina lies to the north in the Guyana Highlands.

Question 2.
In which country is the range of altitude higher?
Answer:
India has higher range of altitude as compared to Brazil.

Question 3.
Compare the highest range of altitudes given in both the countries. What difference do you see?
Answer:
The highest range of altitude in Brazil is more than 1000m, whereas in India, the highest range of altitude is more than 8000 m.

Question 4.
In which direction is the slope of the Amazon river basin region?
Answer:
The slope of Amazon Basin is towards the east.

Question 5.
In which direction is the slope of the Deccan Plateau of India ?
Answer: The slope of Deccan Plateau is towards the east.

Question 6.
Tell the regions of rain shadow in both the countries.
Answer:
The rain shadow regions of India are eastern side of Western Ghats on the Deccan Plateau and western side of Eastern Ghats. The rain shadow region of Brazil lies in the north eastern part of the Great Escarpment.

Question 7.
Write a comparative note on the basins of Ganga and Amazon river. You may consider following points for the comparison.
Answer:

Points for comparison	Ganga River Basin	Amazon River Basin
(1) Size of catchment area	Spreading across the northern and eastern parts of India the Ganga River basin has a total catchment area of 10,16,124 sq. km.	Spreading across the northern parts of Brazil the Amazon River basin has a total catchment area of 70,50,000 sq. km.
(2) Their relative location within respective countries	The Ganga river basin lies to the south of the Himalayas in the North Indian plains and also occupies the northern part of the peninsula, i.e. the Central Highlands.	The Amazon river basin occupies the entire region in the north of Brazil right from the Guyana Highlands to the northern part of the Brazilian Highlands.
(3) Headwater regions of rivers.	Ganga river originates from the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand.	The Amazon river originates from the eastern slopes of Andes Mountains in Peru.
(4) Orientation of the rivers	The Ganga flows eastwards passing through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal and terminates into the Bay of Bengal. One of its branch enters into Bangladesh.	The Amazon river flows from the west to the east entirely through the states of Amazonas and Para in northern Brazil and terminates into the North Atlantic Ocean.
(5) Major tributaries and their orientation	(i)    Yamuna is the major right bank tributary of the river Ganga originating from the Yamunotri Glacier and meeting river Ganga at Allahabad. Other right bank tributaries originating from the Peninsula like river Chambal, Ken, Shon, Damodar, etc. flow northwards and join river Ganga. (ii)  The left bank tributaries like river Gomati, Ghagra, Gandak, and Kosi flow south and meet river Ganga.	(i)    Rivers like Negro, Branka, Paru flow south from the Guyana Highlands and meet the Amazon river as left bank tributaries. (ii)  River Madeira, Juruaka, Xingu and Tocantins flow northwards and join the Amazon river at its right bank.
(6) Any other point(s)	(i)    The Ganga river basin is densely populated due to the deposition of fertile alluvial soil and plenty of water available for agriculture. (ii)  Fertile plains and deltas are formed. (iii)River Ganga is 2525 km long. (iv)Water discharge is 16,648 cu.m, per sec.	(i)    Amazon river basin is sparsely populated due to dense equatorial rain forests, unfavourable climate and lack of transport links. (ii)  No deltas are formed but islands have developed along the mouth of the Amazon River. (iii) River Amazon is 6400 km long. (iv)   Water discharge is 2,09,000 cu.m, per sec.

Question 8.
Distinguish between:
Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats.
Answer:

S.no	Eastern Ghats		Western Ghats
(i)	The Eastern Ghats run along the eastern coast of India in the north east to south west direction.		(i)	The Western Ghats also known as Sahyadris run in the north-south direction along the western coast of India.
(ii)	It forms the eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau.                                          .		(ii)	It forms the western boundary of Deccan Plateau.
(hi)	It is not continuous, but is broken at many places by rivers like Godavari and Krishna.		(iii)	The Western Ghats is like a continuous wall like structure, but is broken at same places by passes.
(iv)	Comparatively less number of rivers originate from the Eastern Ghats.		(iv)	It is a source of many westward and eastward flowing rivers.
(v)	The average altitude of the Eastern Ghats is low (600 mts) but they are wider than Western Ghats.		(v)	The average altitude of the Western Ghats is high (900-1600 mts) but it is narrower in width than Eastern Ghats.
(vi)	Highest peak of Eastern Ghats is Jindhagada (1690 m)		(vi)	Highest peak of Western Ghats is Anaimudi Peak (2695 m)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The part of North Indian Plains lying to the east of the Aravalis is called ____.
(a) Ganga Plains
(b) Brahmaputra Plains
(c) Kaveri Plains
(d) Krishna Plains
Answer:
(a) Ganga Plains

Question 2.
The delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system is called ________.
(a) Sunderbans
(b) Parnaiba
(c) Amazon
(d) Marajo
Answer:
(a) Sunderbans

Question 3.
The western part of the North Indian Plains occupied by deserts known as ________.
(a) Thar Desert or Marusthali
(b) Gobi Desert
(c) The Deccan Thorn scrub Desert
(d) Spiti Valley Cold Desert
Answer:
(a) Thar Desert or Marusthali

Question 4.
The area lying to the south of North Indian Plains and tapering towards Indian Ocean is called _____.
(a) Himalayas
(b) Peninsula
(c) Western Ghats
(d) Indira Point
Answer:
(b) Peninsula

Question 4.
The in the north west of Peninsular India are the oldest fold mountains.
(a) Aravalis
(b) Satpudas
(c) Karakoram range
(d) Vindhya range
Answer:
(a) Aravalis

Question 6.
The ______ rivers in India are seasonal in nature.
(a) Northern
(b) Peninsular
(c) Himalayan
(d) Mountainous
Answer:
(b) Peninsular

Question 6.
River _______ is the second largest river system in India in terms of catchment area.
(a) Krishna
(b) Godavari
(c) Brahmaputra
(d) Ganga
Answer:
(b) Godavari

Question 7
The major river of Peninsula flows through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu,
(a) Kaveri
(b) Indus
(c) Ganga
(d) Brahmaputra
Answer:
(a) Kaveri

Question 8.
India is blessed with a long coastline extending for approximately
(a) 8000 km
(b) 5000 km
(c) 7500 km
(d) 7900 km
Answer:
(c) 7500 km

Question 9.
The islands in the Arabian sea are called _______ islands.
(a) Andaman and Nicobar
(b) Barren
(c) Marajo
(d) Lakshadweep
Answer:
(d) Lakshadweep

Question 10
_____ is the southernmost range of the Himalayas.
(a) Himadri
(b) Lesser Himalayas
(c) Siwaliks
(d) Kumaon Himalayas
Answer:
(c) Siwaliks

Question 12.
The Islands in the Bay of Bengal are called _______ islands.
(a) Andaman and Nicobar
(b) Maldives
(c) Corsela
(d) Lakshadweep
Answer:
(a) Andaman and Nicobar

Question 13.
The highest peak of Brazil is called _______.
(a) Pico de Neblina
(b) Mount Everest
(c) Kanchenjunga
(d) Mount Roraima
Answer:
(a) Pico de Neblina

Question 14.
The acts as a barrier to the south-east trade winds giving rise to the rain shadow area in the north – eastern part of the highlands in Brazil.
(a) Coastal Plains
(b) Escarpment
(c) Plateaus
(d) Pantanal wetlands
Answer:
(b) Escarpment

Question 15.
Amazon collects its headwaters from the eastern
slopes of Andes mountains in
(a) Uruguay
(b) Peru
(c) Ecuador
(d) Columbia
Answer:
(b) Peru

Question 16.
The Island is the only active volcano of India.
(a) Majuli
(b) St. Mary’s
(c) Barren
(d) Lakshadweep
Answer:
(c) Barren

Question 17.
______ is a large coastal island located between the mouths of river Amazon and river Tocantins,
(a) Pantanal
(b) Plata
(c) Paraniba
(d) Marajo
Answer:
(d) Marajo

Question 18.
_______ is one of the largest wetlands in the world.
(a) Plata
(b) Marajo
(c) Pantanal
(d) Paraniba
Answer:
(c) Pantanal

Question 19.
The Paraguay and the Parana rivers form the catchment of River in Argentina.
(a) Paraniba
(b) Plata
(c) Pantanal
(d) Marajo
Answer:
(b) Plata

Question 20.
____ River enters the Atlantic Ocean near Salvador town.
(a) Marajo
(b) Puraguaco
(c) Plata
(d) Parana
Answer:
(b) Puraguaco

Question 21.
The river ______ flows through Pakistan and then meets the Arabian Sea.
(a) Ganga
(b) Chambal
(c) Indus
(d) Brahmaputra
Answer:
(c) Indus

Question 22.
Ganga receives as its tributary in its lower reaches in Bangladesh.
(a) Satluj
(b) Indus
(c) Brahmaputra
(d) Ravi
Answer:
(c) Brahmaputra

Identify the correct group:

Question 1.
Parallel ranges of Himalayas from south to north
(i) Siwaliks – Lesser Himalayas – Greater Himalayas
(ii) Trans Himalayas – Kumaun – Shiwaliks
(iii) Kashmir Himalayas – Kumaun Himalayas – Assam Himalayas
Answer:
Siwaliks – Lesser Himalayas – Greater Himalayas

Question 2.
Physiographic division of India from north to south
(i) The Himalayas – The North Indian Plains – The Peninsula
(ii) The Peninsula – The Great Escarpment – The North Indian Plains
(iii) Coastal Plains – Islands – Himalayas
Answer:
The Himalayas – The North Indian Plains – The Peninsula .

Question 3.
Physiographic divisions of Brazil
(i) The Himalayas – The North Indian Plain – The Peninsula
(ii) The Highlands – The Great Escarpment – The Plains
(iii) Islands – Peninsula – Coastal Plains
Answer:
The Highlands – The Great Escarpment – The Plains

Question 4.
Three major River Basins of Brazil
(i) Ganga Basin – Brahmaputra Basin – Narmada Basin.
(ii) Paraguay Parana Basin – Amazon Basin – Sao Francisco
(iii) Godavari Basin – Krishna Basin – Kaveri Basin.
Answer:
Paraguay Parana Basin – Amazon Basin – Sao Francisco

Question 5. The order of subdivisions of North Indian Plains from west to east.
(i) Marusthali – Ganga Plains – Sunderbans
(ii) Pamir; Knot – Punjab Plains – Marusthali
(iii) Sunderbans – Vindhyas – Western Ghats
Answer:
Marusthali – Ganga Plains – Sunderbans

Match the column:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1)     Western Himalayas (2)     Central Himalayas (3)     Eastern Himalayas	(a)      Siwaliks (b)     Assam Himalayas (c)      Kashmir Himalayas (d)     Kumaun Himalayas

Answer:
1-c
2-d
3-b

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Himalayas	(a)  the western and eastern part of the Peninsula.
(2)   North Indian Plains	(b) consists of many plateaus and hill ranges
(3)   The Peninsula	(c) one of the young fold mountains in the world.
(4) The Coastal Plains	(d) lies between Himalayan mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.
(5) The Island group	(e) are located more than 300 km away from the mainland in the Atlantic ocean.
	(f) small and large islands along the coast of the mainland.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – d
3 – b
4 – a
5 -f

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) The southernmost point of India	(a) Gangotri
(2) The highlands in eastern Brazil	(b) Andes mountains
(3) The origin of Ganga	(c) Guyana Highlands
(4) The origin of Amazon	(d) Indira Point
(5) The southern most point of mainland India	(e) Kanyakumari
	(f) The Great Escarpment

Answer:
1 – d
2 -f
3 – a
4 – b
5 – e

Question 4.

S.no	Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1.	Longest river of India	(a) Sao Francisco
2.	Second largest river of India	(b) Godavari
3	Longest river of Brazil	(c)    Ganga (d)    Brahmaputra (e)    Amazon

Answer:
1 – c
2 – b
3 – e

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
Which mountain is considered as one of the young fold mountains in the world?
Answer:
The Himalayas are considered as one of the young fold mountains in the world.

Question 2.
What is the southernmost range of Himalayas called?
Answer:
The southernmost range of Himalayas is called the Siwaliks.

Question 3.
Where are the North Indian Plains located?
Answer:
The North Indian Plains lies between Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

Question 4.
Where are the Ganga Plains located?
Answer:
The Ganga Plains lie to the east of the Aravalli in the North Indian Plain.

Question 5.
What constitutes the delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system?
Answer:
Most of the West Bengal state of India and Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga Brahmaputra system.

Question 6.
What are Sunderbans?
Answer:
The delta region of Ganga-Brahmaputra system are called the Sunderbans and it extends from Indian state of West Bengal to Bangladesh.

Question 7.
What is the length of the coastline of India?
Answer:
The length of the coastline of India is approximately 7500 km.

Question 8.
Why do the rivers originating from Western Ghats form estuaries?
Answer:
Rivers originating from Western Ghats are short and swift, hence they form estuaries.

Question 9.
What are the islands located in the Arabian Sea called?
Answer:
The Islands located in the Arabian sea are called Lakshadweep Islands.

Question 10.
What are the islands located in the Bay of Bengal called?
Answer:
The islands located in the Bay of Bengal are called Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 11.
Name the only active volcano in India.
Answer:
Barren Island is the only active volcano in India located in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 12.
Which is the highest peak in Brazil?
Answer:
The highest peak in Brazil is Pico de Neblina.

Question 13.
What acts as a barrier to the South East trade winds giving rise to rainshadow area in the northeastern part of the highlands in Brazil?
Answer:
The Escarpment acts a barrier to the South East Trade winds giving rise to rainshadow area in the northeastern part of the highlands in Brazil.

Question 14.
Name the coastal island located between the mouths of river Amazon and river Tocantins.
Answer:
Marajo is a large coastal island located between the mouths of River Amazon and River Tocantins.

Question 15.
What are most of the Amazon Plains covered with?
Answer:
Most of the Amazon Plains are covered with tropical rainforests.

Question 16.
Where is Pantanal located?
Answer:
Pantanal is located in the northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina.

Question 17.
What is a ‘Drought Quadrilateral’?
Answer:
The rain shadow region of Trade Winds lying in the northern part of Brazil is called ’Drought Quadrilateral’.

Question 18.
What is the Brazilian coast characterized by?
Answer:
The Brazilian coast is characterised by a large number of beaches and sand dune complexes.

Question 19.
What protects the Brazilian coast?
Answer:
The Brazilian coast is protected in some areas by coral reefs and atoll islands.

Question 20.
What is Pantanal?
Answer:
Pantanal, which is a region of swamps and marshes is one of the largest wetlands in the world. Located in the northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil.

Question 21.
From where does Amazon collect its head waters?
Answer:
Amazon collects its headwaters from the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in Peru.

Question 22.
Where does the river Sao Francisco flow?
Answer:
The river flows towards the north for a distance of about 1000 km. over the Brazilian plateau and takes a sharp eastward turn to enter the coastal : strip along the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 23.
Which rivers meet the North Atlantic Ocean?
Answer:
River Paraniba and River Itapecuru meet the North Atlantic Ocean.

Question 24.
Which two river systems are covered under the Himalayan Drainage System?
Answer:
The Himalayan Drainage System cover two major river systems such as the Indus river system and the Ganga river system.

Question 25.
What are ’Kayals’?
Answer:
The coastal rivers in Kerala have long extending backwaters near their mouths, which are locally known as ’Kayals.’

Question 26.
Name the three major river basins of Brazil.
Answer:
The three major river basins of Brazil are Amazon Basin, Paraguay-Parana system in the southwest and Sao Francisco in the eastern part of the highland.

Question 27.
What is the approximate discharge of Amazon river?
Answer:
The approximate discharge of Amazon river is about 2 lakh m3/s.

Question 28.
Where are the rivers Paraguay-Parana located?
Answer:
The rivers Paraguay and Parana are located in the south-western part of Brazil.

Question 29.
Which is the third important river of Brazil?
Answer:
Sao Francisco is the third important river of Brazil.

Question 30.
How are Indian rivers classified?
Answer:
The rivers in India are classified into Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.

Question 31.
Name the major tributary of river Ganga.
Answer:
Yamuna, originating at Yamunotri is a major tributary of Ganga.

Question 32.
From where do Himalayas extend?
Answer:
The Himalayas extend from Pamir Knot in Tajikistan to the east.

Question 33.
Which physical division lies between the Himalayas and the Peninsula?
Answer:
The North Indian Plains lie between the Himalayas in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

Question 34.
Which physical division forms the core of the South American continent?
Answer:
The Brazilian and Guyana Highlands forms the core of the South American continent.

Question 35.
The Guyana highlands cover, which states of Brazil?
Answer: The Guyana highlands cover the states of Roraima, Para and Amapa in Brazil.

Question 36.
Because of which physical division is the eastern side of Brazilian highlands are demarcated?
Answer:
The eastern side of Brazilian highlands are demarcated because of the Great Escarpment.

Question 37.
Which is the largest plain land of Brazil?
Answer:
The Amazon plains lying in the northern part is the largest plain land of Brazil.

Question 38.
On which coast of India are deltas found?
Answer:
Deltas are found on the eastern coast of India.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Five major physiographic divisions of India.
Answer:
The Himalayas, The North Indian Plains, The Peninsula, Coastal Plains and Island groups.

Question 2.
West-East division of Himalayas.
Answer:
Western Himalayas (Kashmir Himalayas),
Central Himalayas (Kumaun Himalayas) and Eastern Himalayas (Assam Himalayas).

Question 3.
Region constituting delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system or world’s largest delta. .
Answer:
Sunderbans.

Question 4.
Coast bordering Arabian sea.
Answer:
Western Coast.

Question 5.
Coast bordering Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
Eastern Coast.

Question 6.
Islands in the Arabian Sea.
Answer:
Lakshadweep Islands.

Question 7.
Islands in the Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 8.
Other name of Thar Desert.
Answer:
Marusthali.

Question 9.
Ranges in the central part of India.
Answer:
Vindhyas and Satpuda.

Question 10.
Physiographic divisions of Brazil.
Answer:
The Highlands, The Great Escarpment, The Coasts, The Plains, The Island group.

Question 11.
Length of coastline of Brazil.
Answer:
Approximately 7400 km

Question 12.
Major river basins of Brazil.
Answer:
Amazon Basin, Paraguya-Parana system, Sao Francisco.

Question 13.
Two main Himalayan river basins of India.
Answer:
Ganga river basin and Indus river basin.

Question 14.
Origin of Ganga in Himalayas
Answer:
Gangotri Glacier

Question 15.
Major tributary of Ganga
Answer:
Yamuna river.

Question 16.
Tributaries of River Indus.
Answer:
Rivers Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj.

Question 17.
Origin of River Satluj.
Answer:
Mansarovar.

Question 18.
Rivers flowing into the Gulf of Khambhat.
Answer:
Rivers Tapi, Narmada, Mahi, and Sabarmati.

Question 19.
River basin located to the south of River Godavari.
Answer:
Basin of River Krishna.

Question 20.
Plains formed due to depositional work of river Satluj.
Answer:
Punjab Plains.

Question 21.
Tributaries of Peninsula joining the Ganga basin.
Answer:
Rivers Chambal, Ken, Betawa, Shon, and Damodar.

Question 22.
States having short and swift river systems.
Answer:
Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra.

Question 23.
River originating from the eastern slopes of Western Ghats.
Answer:
Rivers Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri.

Question 24.
Largest wetlands in the world.
Answer:
Pantanal.

Question 25.
Highest peak of Brazil
Answer:
Pico de Neblina.

Question 26.
Western border of Indian Peninsula.
Answer:
Western Ghats.

Question 27.
Eastern border of Indian Peninsula.
Answer:
Eastern Ghats.

Question 28.
Oldest fold mountains of India.
Answer:
Aravallis.

Question 29.
Major mountain system of Asia.
Answer:
Himalayas.

Identify the type on the basis of the statement

Question 1.
A landform formed due to deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or standing water.
Answer:
Delta.

Question 2.
The area where land meets the sea or ocean, or a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.
Answer:
Coast.

Question 3.
Portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
Answer:
River Basin.

Question 4.
majority of its border, (Usually three sides) while being connected to a mainland from which it extends.
Answer:
The Peninsula.

Question 5.
A steep slope or long cliff that forms as an effect of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively leveled areas having differing elevations.
Answer:
Escarpment.

Question 6.
Any piece of land that is surrounded by water all the sides.
Answer:
Island.

 Mark the following on the map with the given information:

Question 1.
On the outline map of India.
(a) Aravali hills
(b) Himalayas/Greater Himalayas
(c) Vindhya Range and Satpuda Range
(d) Gulf of Mannar
(e) Western Ghats
(f) Eastern Ghats
(g) Gulf of Kutch
(h) Gulf of Khambhat
(i) K2
(j) Sunderbans
(k) Thar Desert/Marusthali
Answer:

Question 2.
On the outline map of India mark the following.
(a) Northern Mountainous Region
(b) North Indian Plains
(c) The Peninsular Plateau
(d) Western Coastal Plain
(e) Eastern Coastal Plain
(f) Lakshadweep Island
(g) Andman-Nicobar Islands
(h) Western and Eastern Ghats
Answer:

Question 3.
Show the following on the outline map of India.
(a) R. Ganga
(b) R. Indus
(c) R. Brahmaputra
(d) R. Narmada
(e) R. Tapi
(f) R. Godavari
(g) R. Mahanadi
(h) R. Krishna
(i) R. Kaveri
(j) R. Luni
(k) R. Sabarmati
(l) R. Mahi
(m) R. Yamuna
(n) R. Damodar
Answer:

Question 4.
On the outline map of Brazil, mark the following:
(a) Guyana Highlands
(b) Brazilian Highlands
(c) Great Escarpment
(d) Marajo Island
(e) Marajo Bay
(f) Sao Marcos Bay
(g) Atlantic Ocean
(h) Pantanal Wetlands
(i) Pico De Neblina Peak
(j) Cassino Beach
Answer:

Question 5.
On an outline map of Brazil, show all major rivers of Brazil.
(a) River Amazon
(b) River Sao Francisco
(c) River Parana
(d) River Paraguay
(e) River Itapecuru
(f) River Paraniba
(g) River Puraguaco
(h) River Uruguay
Answer:

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
There are no deltas on the western coast of India.
Answer:
(i) Deltas are formed in the coastal areas where there is gentle slope, because the rivers slow down forming distributaries and channels.

(ii) The western coast bordering the Western Ghats are by and large rocky coasts having a narrow width.

(iii) Many short and swift seasonal rivers originate from the steep western slopes of the Western Ghats.

(iv) As the rivers flow through steep slopes, their velocity increases. So there is very little deposition
made by them.

(v) Hence, there are no deltas on the western coast of India.

Question 2.
Many deltas are found along the Eastern coast of India.
Answer:
(i) The eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal. It has been formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.

(ii) Many east flowing rivers rising from the Western and Eastern Ghats after travelling a long distance join the Bay of Bengal at this coast.

(iii) Because of the gentle slope of the land, rivers flow at lower velocities and deposit the sediments brought with them at the coast.
Therefore, this coast is comparatively wider than the west.

(iv) As a result, deltas are found along the eastern coast of India.

Question 3.
The region to the north of the Escarpment is called Drought Quadrilateral.
Answer:
(i) The eastern side of the Highlands is demarcated because of the Escarpment having an altitude of 790 m.

(ii) The Escarpment acts as a barrier to the Southeast trade winds and cause orographic type of rainfall in the coastal region.

(iii) Beyond the highlands the effect of these winds gets reduced leading to minimal rainfall.

(iv) A rain shadow region is formed to the north east of the Escarpment. Thus, the region to the north of this area is called “Drought Quadrilateral”.

Question 4.
The Amazon Plains are covered by inaccessible tropical rainforest.
Answer:
(i) The northern part of Brazil lying between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, i.e. in the Tropical zone is covered largely by the Amazon Plains.

(ii) Amazon plains lying between the Guyana highlands and the Brazilian highlands form the largest plain land of Brazil.

(iii) The Amazon valley receives very heavy rainfall of around 2000 mm and the average temperature here is 25 to 28°C.

(iv) These conditions favor the dense growth of tropical rain forests. Due to frequent flooding and dense undergrowth, these forests are largely inaccessible.

Question 5.
Pantanal is called the largest wetlands in the world.
Answer:
(i) Pantanal lies towards the south western part of the highland area in Brazil.

(ii) Roughly 80% of the Pantanal flood plains are submerged during the rainy season.

(iii) This region is filled with swamps and marshes from the northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil till Argentina.

(iv) Hence Pantanal is called the largest wetland in the world.

Question 6.
Agriculture is widely practised in the plains of Punjab region.
Answer:
(i) Plains of Punjab lie to the north of Rajasthan. This region is spreads to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges.

Question 1. These plains have formed as a result of the depositional work by river Sutluj and its tributaries.

(iii) Since the soil here is very fertile, agriculture is largely practised in this region.

(iv) Thus, due to.the availability of fertile soil and ample water suppy agriculture is practised here.

Question 7.
Write notes on :
Answer:

The Western Ghats:

(i) Western Ghats also known as Sahyadri (Benevolent Mountains) is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula.

(ii) The range runs north to south along the western : edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called West coastal plan, along the Arabian Sea.

(iii) The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapi river, and runs approximately 1,600 km through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending near Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India.

(iv) The altitude of the western Ghats increases towards the south.

Island group of India:

(i) India has many small and large islands along the coast of the mainland. These are included in the coastal island group.

(ii) Besides, India has two large group of islands, one each in the Arabian Sea and in the Bay of Bengal.

(iii) The islands in the Arabian Sea are known as Lakshadweep whereas the islands in the Bay of Bengal are called the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(iv) Most of the islands in Lakshadweep are atoll islands.

(v) They are small in extent and not very high.

(vi) Islands in the Andaman group are mainly volcanic islands.

(vii) They are large with hills in their interior parts, which includes an island called Barren Island which has the only active volcano in India. There are atolls in the Nicobar group too.

 Brazilian Highlands:

(i) Southern Brazil is occupied by an extensive plateau. It is known as the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Shield or the Brazilian Plateau.

(ii) Brazilian and Guyana Highlands together form the core of South American continent.

(iii) The main part of the Guyana Highlands is in Venezuela and it extends up to French Guiana. In Brazil, it covers the states of Roraima, Para and Amapa in the north.

(iv) The lower part of these highlands is found in Brazil. But the highest peak of Brazil, Pico de Neblina, 3014 m lies on the border between Brazil and Venezuela.

(v) The regions to the east and south of the Brazilian highlands have an altitude of more than 1000m. But in other parts, the altitude is between 500 to 1000m.

(vi) The highlands gradually slope towards north and the slopes are not very steep.

(vii) The tributaries of Amazon flowing through this region make rapids and waterfalls. Towards the north the slopes are steep but not abrupt. A number of rivers originate from the terminal portion of the highlands and flow northwards to meet Atlantic Ocean.

(viii) Some major rivers like Uruguay, Paraguay and Parana originate from the southern slopes of the highlands and enter Argentina. Its slope towards the east is steep and it appears in the form of an escarpment.

Coastal Plains of India:

(i) India is blessed with a long coastline extending for approximately 7500 km.

(ii) It lies to the western and eastern part of the Peninsula. Its western and eastern coastlines show remarkable dissimilarities.

(iii) The western coast borders the Arabian Sea. It is by and large a rocky coast.

(iv) At places, spurs starting from the Western Ghats have extended right up to the western coast. Its width is also less.

(v) Rivers originating from Western Ghats are short and swift and hence they form estuaries and not deltas.

(vi) The eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal. It has formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.

(vii) Many east flowing rivers rising from the Western and Eastern Ghats meet the eastern coast.

(viii) Because of the gentle slope of the land, rivers flow at lower velocities and deposit the sediments brought with them at the eastern coast. As a result, deltas are found along this coast.

The Plains of Brazil:

(i) The plains in Brazil are confined to two areas namely the Amazon basin in the north and Paraguay-Parana source region in the southwest.

(ii) Amazon plains lying between the two highlands form the largest plain land of Brazil.

(iii) Amazon plains lying in the northern parts of Brazil generally slope eastwards.

(iv) The Amazon basin is quite wide in the west (about 1300 km) and it narrows eastward. Its width is minimum where the Guyana Highlands and Brazilian Highland come closer. (240 km.)

(v) As the river approaches the Atlantic Ocean, the width of the plains increases.

(vi) These are mostly forested areas and largely inaccessible due to frequent flooding and dense undergrowth. Most of the Amazon plains are covered by tropical rainforests.

(vii) The other plains in Brazil are located to the southwestern part of the highlands. They form the source region of Paraguay and Parana rivers.

(viii) The source region of Paraguay slopes towards the south while the source region of Parana slopes towards the southwest.

(ix) Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world. It lies towards the southwest part of the highland areas. It is a region of swamps and marshes in northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina.

Coastal Rivers of Brazil:

(i) Brazil has a number of short coastal rivers.
Question 1. The coastal area being densely populated these rivers attain significance.
(iii) River Pamaiba and River Itapecuru flowing northwards meet the North Atlantic Ocean.
(iv) The rivers that enter South Atlantic Ocean collect their headwaters along the escarpment.
(v) River Puraguaco enters the Atlantic Ocean near Salvador town.

Paraguay – Parana system:

(i) These two rivers are located in the southwestern part of Brazil.
(ii) Both the rivers form the catchment of River Plata in Argentina.
(iii) These two rivers and river Uruguay in extreme south of the highlands collect their headwaters from the southern portion of the highlands.

Indus River System:

(i) Indus and its tributaries (Jhelum, Beas, Chenab, Ravi and Satluj) drain the Western Himalayas i.e., they flow through the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

(ii) They flow almost parallel to each other.

(iii) A major tributary of river Indus, the Satluj, originates near Mansarovar and flows westwards.

(iv) Punjab Plains have formed from the depositional work of this river and its tributaries.

(v) Indus flows through Pakistan and then meets the Arabian Sea.

Ganga River System:

(i) The river Ganga originates from the Gangotri glacier and crosses the Himalayas to become an east-flowing river.

(ii) Many tributaries of the Ganga also flow in a similar manner.

(iii) River Yamuna, originating at Yamunotri, is a major tributary of Ganga.

(iv) Another major tributary of the Ganga flows through the northern part of the Greater Himalayas, crosses the Himalayas to enter India.

(v) When it flows through the Himalayas it is called Tsang Po.

(vi) When it crosses the Himalayas, it is called Dihang and its eastward flow thereafter is called as Brahmaputra.

(vii) From time to time, Ganga meets its tributaries, hence its discharge increases.

(viii) Ganga receives Brahmaputra as its tributary in its lower reaches in Bangladesh. The huge volume of water and huge deposition has led to the formation of a large delta.

(ix) Besides these Himalayan rivers, Ganga receives a number of tributaries from Peninsula like Shon, Damodar, etc.

Rivers Meeting the Arabian Sea:

(i) The west flowing rivers occupying the area between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea are short in length but swift.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.2 The Luncheon Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.2 The Luncheon

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.2 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Luncheon Questions And Answers Class 10 Question 1.
Talk with your partner and discuss the following questions:
(a) Have you ever been invited to lunch, at any hotel, by your friend?
(b) What was the occasion?
(c) Did you enjoy the lunch? Why?
Answer:
(a) Have you ever been invited for a lunch to any hotel by your friend? (You can think of the name of the hotel, what you ate there, what you saw there, etc.)
(b) What was the occasion? (Was it for a birthday, a celebration of some sort, a get-together, etc.)
(c) Did you enjoy the lunch? Why? (Was the food good/bad, was the service good/ bad, was the place clean/unclean/noisy, etc.)

The Luncheon Questions And Answers Question 2.
Discuss in pairs:
People with foibles are often not conscious of them. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Answer:
I agree with this. My grandmother has a foible that we all know about, but she is not conscious of it. When the house is untidy, she gets irritated. She will tuck in the edge of her sari and walk about the house, muttering to herself. She is not even aware of this peculiar behavior.

The Luncheon English Workshop Question 3.
As you know, every country has its own currency. Find out the currency of at least 6 countries along with their current exchange rate in India, with the help of the internet. One is done for you.
For example, Switzerland: franc; 1 franc = 66.73 INR

Country	Currency	Exchange Rate in Indian Currency

Answer:

Country	Currency	Exchange Rate in Indian Currency
1. Switzerland	franc	1 franc = 66.73 INR
2. United States of America	Dollar	1 dollar = 72.04 rupees
3. Afghanistan	Afghani	1 Afghani= 0.9532 rupees
4. Japan	Yen	1 Yen =0.6422 rupees
5. Indonesia	Rupiah	1 Rupiah= 0.005 rupees
6. Malaysia	Malaysian ringgit	1 Malaysian ringgit= 17.412 rupees

The Luncheon Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

1. Choose the correct option from the bracket and fill in the blanks given below.
(addressed, luncheon, generously, unwise, insist)
(a) The chief guest …………………… the students.
(b) The crow was …………………… to sing.
(c) I invited my relatives to ……………………
(d) Parents always …………………… on children to be allrounders.
(e) The king decided to donate his wealth among his subjects ……………………
Answer:
(a) addressed
(b) unwise
(c) luncheon
(d) insist
(e) generously

Question 2.
Go through the story again and find out various instances which create humour in ‘The Luncheon’. Complete the table by picking up various humorous instances and the particular line from the story. One is done for you.

Humorous Instance	Line from the story
The woman is a voracious eater	‘‘Follow my example, and never eat more than one thing for luncheon.’’

Answer:

Humorous instance	Line from the passage
1. The author ordered a single mutton chop.	(i) “I see you’re in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon.” (ii) “Why don’t you follow my example and eat just one thing?”
2. The woman wanted to eat asparagus.	(i) “I couldn’t possibly eat anything more unless they had some of those giant asparagus. I should be sorry to leave Paris without eating some of them.” (ii) “I’m not in the least hungry, but if you insist, I don’t mind having some asparagus.”
3. The writer was afraid that he would not have enough money to pay the bill.	I would put my hand in my pocket and with a dramatic cry. start-up and say that it had been picked.

Question 3.
Who said these words/sentences? Under what circumstances?

Words/Sentences	Who said?	Under what circumstances?
1. I never eat anything for luncheon. 2. It’s many years since we first met. 3. Are you still hungry? 4. I don’t believe in overloading my stomach. 5.  I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.

Answer:

Words/Sentences	Who said?	Under what circumstances?
1. I never eat anything for luncheon.	Guest	When the writer was startled on seeing the prices on the menu.
2. It’s many years since we first met.	The Guest	When she met the writer at a play and called him over during the interval to talk to him.
3. Are you still hungry?	Author	When the guest said that one should get up from a meal feeling that one could eat a little more, and she had already eaten quite a lot.
4. I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.	Guest	When the writer ordered a mutton chop for himself.
5.  I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.	Author	When the luncheon was over and they were leaving the hotel, he knew that he had the whole month before him and he did not have any money for food. That was when he said the words.

Question 4.
Answer in your own words.
(a) Although the author was not a vindictive man, he was very happy to see her weigh twenty one stone and had finally had his revenge. What makes him say this? Explain.
Answer:
Twenty years earlier, the writer was earning barely enough money to make both ends meet. The lady wanted him to give her a luncheon at Foyot’s, an expensive restaurant. The writer thought that he could stand her a modest luncheon. The lady reassured him by saying that ‘she never ate anything for luncheon’. However, she ended by eating about six different items, some of which were very expensive yet she insisted till the end that she never ate more than one thing for luncheon and advised him against ‘filling his stomach with a lot of meat’ when all he had eaten was one small mutton chop – the cheapest item on the menu. The writer was finally left with a whole month before him and no money in his pocket. He could not forget this incident, and when he met her twenty years later, she had become very fat and weighed twenty-one stone. This made the writer feel that though he was not a vindictive man, he had got his revenge.

(b) There are quite a few places where the author uses the expressions ‘My heart sank, panic seized’ etc. What was the reason for this ? Explain.
Answer:
The writer was living in a tiny apartment in Paris and earning barely enough money to make both ends meet. The lady wanted him to give her a little luncheon at Foyot’s, an expensive restaurant. When they met, she ordered some of the most expensive dishes available. The writer was terribly worried about whether he had enough money to pay the bill. Hence, he has used the expressions ‘my heart sank’, ‘panic seized me’, etc.

(c) What are the instances which create humour in “The Luncheon”?
Answer:
The instances in the story that create humour are:
(i) when the writer sees the woman at Foyot’s.
(ii) when she orders dish after dish, after first saying that she eats nothing for luncheon, and then stretching the irony she insists that she ate only one thing for luncheon,
(iii) when she tells the writer, who is eating only a mutton chop – the cheapest item on the menu – that he should not overload his stomach,
(iv) when she says that the writer has insisted on her eating asparagus,
(v) when the writer imagines what he would do while paying the bill,
(vi) when the writer says that he would not eat anything for dinner that night,
(vii) when the writer tells us the woman’s weight, when he sees her aghin after twenty years.

(d) Describe the use of irony and humour in “The Luncheon”.
Answer:
In this story, the writer uses humour and irony to depict the character of the woman. The narrator takes the woman to an expensive restaurant called Foyot’s. He is startled when he sees the high prices on the menu, but relieved when his guest tells him, “I never eat anything for luncheon,” and “I never eat more than one thing.” After stating this, ironically, the woman eats some of the most expensive things available, like salmon and caviar, while the poor author only eats a mutton chop. Looking at it, she takes him to task for eating a ‘heavy’ luncheon, and tells him that he should follow her example and never eat more than one thing for luncheon. She said that she would eat the asparagus because the writer ‘insists’, when it was she who had asked for them. In the end, when she repeats once again that he should follow her example and never eat more than one thing for luncheon, the writer retorts that he would do better than that— he would not eat anything for dinner that night!

Question 5.
Pick out the words and phrases in the story that indicate that the author was not financially well off. One is done for you.

Words	not afford	–
Phrases	beyond my means	–

Answer:

Words	not afford	modest, cheapest, borrow, mean.
Phrases	beyond my means	earning barely enough money, manage well enough, prices were a great deal higher, horribly expensive, ten francs short, what they cost, inadequate tip, not a penny in my pocket, eat nothing for dinner.

Question 6.
After reading the story, put the following events into correct order:
(a) She gave me her last kind advice how to improve my eating habits.
(b) I met her in the theatre after many years and I could hardly recognize her.
(c) Twenty years ago, I lived in Paris and earned just enough money to get by.
(d) I was really scared what could happen when I would pay the bill.
(e) “I never eat anything for luncheon.”
(f) I ordered a mutton chop for myself.
(g) She had read a book of mine.
(h) She ordered asparagus.
(i) She suggested him to invite her to a famous and expensive restaurant.
(j) I didn’t have dinner for the rest of the month.
Answer:
(c) Twenty years ago, I lived in Paris and earned just enough money to get by.
(b) I met her in the theatre after many years and I could hardly recognize her.
(g) She had read a book of mine.
(i) I invited her to a famous and expensive restaurant.
(e) “I never eat anything for luncheon.”
(f) I ordered a mutton chop for myself.
(h) She ordered asparagus.
(d) I was really scared what could happen when I would pay the bill.
(a) She gave me her last kind advice on how to improve my eating habits.
(j) I didn’t have dinner for the rest of the month.

Question 7.
The irony is the expression of meaning through the use of language signifying the opposite. Describe the use of irony in ‘The Luncheon’. Pick the sentences from the story that are examples of irony. Fill in the table ‘A’ the general direct meaning while in table ‘B’ its hidden meaning or the opposite meaning intended by the speaker. One is done for you.

Sentence	Direct meaning	Hidden meaning
If I cut out coffee for the next two days,	to stop drinking coffee	to stop spending money in order to save money for some purpose.

Answer:

Sentence	Direct Meaning	Irony (Hidden meaning)
(1) I never eat more than one thing.	I am careful and do not eat much; I eat only one thing.	She goes on to eat six expensive items during the luncheon.
(2) I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.	I do not eat much, but in limited quantities.	She has a hearty and expensive meal.
(3) If you insist, I don’t mind ‘ having some asparagus.	I am eating asparagus because you are forcing me to.	The writer had certainly not insisted; she had asked for it.
(4) I’m not in the least hungry.	I am not at all hungry and cannot eat anything.	She thrusts the asparagus down her throat in large mouthfuls.
(5) One thing I thoroughly believe in—one should get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.	One should always leave space in the stomach for more food.	She has had a hearty meal and was probably very full.
(6) I have a cup of coffee in the morning and then dinner, but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I’ve just had a snack.	I am a very light eater; I hardly eat anything during the day.	She has had six different items for luncheon.
(7) You’ve filled your stomach with a lot of meat.	You have eaten a lot.	The writer had just one little miserable mutton chop.
(8) I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.	I won’t have anything for dinner tonight.	The writer had no money left.

Question 8.
Fill in the blank a word or a phrase given in the brackets in their appropriate forms. (startle, catch sight of, overload, water, pass)
1. “I never …………………… my stomach”, she said.
2. I was …………………… when the menu was brought.
3. The author …………………… the guest at the play.
4. I had seen asparagus in the shops, my mouth often …………………… at the sight of them.
5. The author’s guest was …………………… through Paris.
Answer:
1. overload
2. startled
3. caught sight of
4. watering
5. passing

Question 9.
Use appropriate articles.
1. I have just had …………………… snack.
2. I have …………………… cup of coffee in the morning.
3. I want just …………………… ice cream and coffee.
4. Author and his guest gave …………………… order and then waited for asparagus to be cooked.
Answer:
a
a
an
The

Question 10.
Classify the following words in the given table appropriately. (modest, luncheon, generously, rank, restaurant, appearance, large, expensive, watch, coffee, brought, afford, practical, apartment, moment, brightly, started, thoroughly)

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb

Answer:

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
luncheon, restaurant, appearance, watch, coffee, apartment, moment	brought, afford, started, sank	modest, large, expensive, practical,	generously, brightly, thoroughly

Question 11.
Study the different uses of ‘could’. Identify what it indicates.
(a) Lack of rain could cause draught. (possibility/condition)
(b) Abhi could perform well in his school days. (suggestion/past ability)
(c) Instead of playing computer games you could play real games with friends. (past ability/suggestion)
(d) Could I use your computer for surfing net? (possibility/request)
(e) We could go on an excursion, if we didn’t have exam. (suggestion/condition)
Answer:
(1) could – possibility
(2) could – past ability
(3) could – suggestion
(4) could – request
(5) could – condition

Question 12.
Fill in the gaps with appropriate Prepositions to make the passage meaningful.
I waited …………………… the airport …………………… Atlanta. My old school-mate was going to arrive …………………… New Airlines …………………… Mumbai, …………………… 21st March …………………… the year 2018. We had not met …………………… 40 years …………………… 1978. She was going to stay …………………… a week …………………… me …………………… Atlanta …………………… 21st …………………… 27th March, 2018.

My joy knew no bounds, when I saw her …………………… 40 years. …………………… home, I introduced her …………………… my family. Then I took her …………………… a big mall …………………… shopping. It was just …………………… my house. We went …………………… the street and climbed …………………… using the elevator, …………………… the staircase.

Answer:
I waited at the airport in Atlanta. My old school-mate was going to arrive by New Airlines from Mumbai, on the 21st of March in the year 2018. We had not met for 40 years, since 1978. She was going to stay for a week with me in Atlanta, from the 21st to 27lh of March, 2018.

My joy knew no bounds when I saw her after 40 years. At home, I introduced her to my family. Then I took her to a big mall for shopping. It was just near my house. We went across the street and climbed up using the elevator near the staircase.

Question 13.
On the occasion of Diwali, write a letter to your friend to invite him/her to celebrate the festival in an innovative way. Use the following hints. time and place special dish is prepared – other friends have also invited post-lunch fun programs, innovative activity
Answer:
Manju Mhatre
8-B, Tulsi Angan
Garodia Nagar
Ghatkopar
Mumbai – 400 077
21st October, 2020

Dear Diya,
Hi there! How are you? You seem to have forgotten me completely afteroining college! Well, I haven’t, and I am writing this letter for a special reason.

This is an invitation for lunch at my place on 4 November on the occasion of Diwali. This will be a sort of house-warming too-you can see from the address above that I have shifted to a new place.

I have also called our other badminton friends—Divya, Rajni, Shubha and Kirti. My Mom has promised to I prepare traditional Diwali dishes, which I am sure ! you will enjoy. And after that—well, that’s going to be i a surprise! But I am sure all of us will enjoy this too.

So do come. Come at about 12.30. Be prepared to be here till 5. Bye.

Your friend,
Manju

Question 14.
Further reading:
(a) “The Phantom Luncheon” by Saki.
(b) “The Ant and the Grasshopper” by William Somerset Maugham.

Form 4 groups of the class. Every group will visit the school’s library or use the internet to read both the creations of Saki and W. S. Maugham. After reading them, every group will summarise both the creations and later read out in the class.

Question 15.
Choose the correct options from the bracket and fill in the blanks: (younger, eighty, twenty, interval)
(1) 1 went over during the interval and sat down beside her.
(2) None of us are getting any younger.
(3) It was twenty years ago.
(4) I had eighty francs to last me the rest of the month.
Answer:
(1) interval
(2) younger
(3) twenty
(4) eighty

Question 16.
Complete the following:
(1) The profession of the narrator: a writer.
(2) The lady was free on the following Thursday.
(3) At the time when the writer met the lady, he was living in a tiny apartment in Paris.
(4) The lady wanted to meet the narrator to have a chat with him.
Answer:
(1) a writer
(2) on the following Thursday
(3) tiny apartment in Paris
(4) have a chat with him

Question 17.
Where and when did they decide to have luncheon?
Answer:
They decided to have a little luncheon at Foyot’s restaurant on the following Thursday.

Question 18.
Choose the correct options from the brackets and fill in the blanks: (pass, caught sight of, overload, modest, addressed, luncheon, interval)
(1) The film was so boring that we went home during the interval.
(2) Though it was a modest apartment, it was extremely clean.
Answer:
(1) interval
(2) modest

Question 19.
Find out the ‘Synonyms’ from the passage for the words:
(1) A set of rooms:
(2) Acknowledged:
(3) Handle:
(4) Directed a remark:
Answer:
(1) Apartment
(2) Recognized
(3) Manage
(4) Addressed

Question 20.
Rewrite the following sentence using the antonym of the underlined word: We’re none of us getting any younger.
Answer:
We’re all of us getting older.

Question 21.
Rewrite the following sentence using ‘except’: The only free moment she had was on the following Thursday.
Answer:
She had no free moment except on the following Thursday.

Question 22.
I hardly think about it. (Begin the sentence with ‘How …!)
Answer:
How little I think about it!

Question 23.
She had read a book of mine. (Begin the sentence with ‘Hadn’t …?)
Answer:
Hadn’t she read a book of mine?

Question 24.
If you were in the place of the narrator, how would you have reacted in the given situation?
Answer:
If I were in the place of the narrator, I would have bluntly told the lady that I was a struggling writer and could not afford to give her a luncheon at Foyot’s. I would have suggested some cheaper restaurant that I could afford. I would not try to show off, or spend more than I can afford,ust to impress someone.

Question 25.
They decided to have luncheon at Foyot’s restaurant at half-past twelve on a Thursday.
Answer:
Foyot’s restaurant at half-past twelve on a Thursday.

Question 26.
The writer ‘was startled when the menu was brought because ………………
Answer:
The prices were a great deal higher than what he had thought.

Question 27.
What do you think the woman reassured the narrator about?
Answer:
The woman realized that the narrator was startled when he saw the prices on the menu. So she indirectly reassured him that he would not have to spend much, for she never ate anything for luncheon.

Question 28.
‘I never eat anything for luncheon’. Explain the irony in this line.
Answer:
The irony is that after informing the author that she never ate anything for luncheon, the lady immediately wanted salmon and caviar, some of the most expensive items available.

Question 29.
From the sentences given below pick out the sentence that indicates that the lady was doing exactly the opposite of what she was saying.
(1) ‘I think you’re unwise to eat meat.”
(2) ‘‘I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.”
Answer:
“I don’t believe in overloading my stomach.”

Question 30.
Choose the correct options from the brackets and fill in the blanks: (pass, startled, overload, imposing, afford, generously, reassured, unwise)
(1) I was …………… when I saw that I remembered all that I had revised.
(2) The monument was really very ………………… .
(3) You cannot ………… to waste time with friends during exams. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:
(1) reassured
(2) imposing
(3) afford

Question 31.
Change the voice of the following sentences:
(1) She reassured me.
(2) I ordered it for my guest.
Answer:
(1) I was reassured by her.
(2) It was ordered for my guest, (by me)

Question 32.
“You’re unwise to eat meat,” she said. (Rewrite in indirect speech)
Answer:
She told him that he was unwise to eat meat.

Question 33.
Are you careful in your eating habits?
Answer:
My mother sees that I eat healthily, and I like I fruits and salads. However, when I am with friends and we go out, I eatunk food. I know it is important to eat healthy food and I take good care to do so.

Question 34.
Name the food items mentioned in the passage
Answer:
The food items mentioned in the passage are:
(1) caviar,
(2) mutton chops,
(3) salmon,
(4) asparagus

Question 35.
Explain what the use of the word ‘sank’ suggests about the narrator’s feelings.:
Answer:
The use of the word ‘sank’ suggests that the narrator was getting unhappy and worried about his guest’s desire to eat expensive food.

Question 36.
From the sentences given below, pick out the sentence that indicates that the lady was doing the exact opposite of what she was saying: (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
(1) “I see that you’re in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon.”
(2) “Why don’t you follow my example andust: eat one thing.”
Answer:
“Why don’t you follow my example andust eat one thing.”

Question 37.
Choose the correct options from the brackets and fill in the blanks: (pass, quite seriously, water, gaily, insist, mortifying, dramatic)
(1) The ……………… turn of events shocked all of us.
(2) It was ……………. to apologise to the bully.
(3) My mother waved ………………… to me as she went for the hike.
(4) The author’s guest took him ………………. to task.
Answer:
(1) dramatic
(2) mortifying
(3) gaily
(4) quite seriously

Question 38.
Fill in the blanks with the words from the brackets: (Board’s Model Activity Sheet) (task, menu, wondered)
(1) The ……………… to rescue the flood victims was very difficult.
(2) I was thinking about buying a new vehicle and …………………. if we had the money.
(3) The restaurant …………………. seemed to be tempting.
Answer:
(1) task
(2) wondered
(3) menu

Question 39.
She ate the caviar and she ate the salmon. (Begin the sentence with not only … but also and rewrite the sentence.)
Answer:
Not only did she eat the caviar but she also ate the salmon.

Question 40.
Rewrite the following sentence as an affirmative sentence: I couldn’t possibly eat anything more unless they had some of those giant asparagus.
Answer:
I could possibly eat something more only if they had some of those giant asparagus.

Question 41.
Which food do you prefer to eat-home food or restaurant food. Why?
Answer:
My mother cooks very tasty food and hence I prefer to eat home food. It is also always fresh. Restaurant food is generally oily, spicy and often prepared under unhygienic conditions. All this is unhealthy. I believe that health is wealthhence I prefer home food.

Question 42.
Complete the web: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 43.
‘Thera a terrible thing happened.’ Describe the narrator’s emotions at this point in the story. Why does he mot express this emotion?
Answer:
At this point in the story, the writer had given up ail hopes that he could pay the bill. He was resigned to his fate. He had mentally decided on different methods to save his reputation. He does not express this emotion because the lady had already eaten a lot of expensive food: the damage was already done. Besides, he did not want to look mean in her eyes.

Question 44.
Match the columns:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) head	(a) peaches
(2) terrible	(b) mouthfuls
(3) huge	(c) waiter
(4) large	(d) thing

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) head	(c) waiter
(2) terrible	(d) thing
(3) huge	(a) peaches
(4) large	(b) mouthfuls

Question 45.
Complete the table:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative

Answer:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
(1) hungry	hungrier	hungriest
(2) terrible	more terrible	most terrible

Question 46.
Rewrite the following in reported speech: “Are you still hungry?” I asked faintly.
Answer:
I asked her faintly whether she was still hungry.

Question 47.
Pick out the modal auxiliaries from the following sentence and write what they indicate: “One should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.”
Answer:
Should – indicates advice. Could – indicates ability.

Question 48.
‘I was past caring now’. Explain why, in your view, the narrator feels this way.
Answer:
The writer had been worried from the beginning that he would not be able to pay the bill. To add to that, his guest had ordered some of the most expensive items on the menu. He had now given up all hopes of being able to pay the bill. Hence, he says that he was past caring now.

Question 49.
Write if the following statements are True or False:
(1) The writer thought that the lady was mean.
(2) The writer’s tip was rather inadequate.
(3) The lady was now like a stone.
(4) The writer planned to have a heavy dinner.
Answer:
False
True
False
False

Question 50.
Complete the reasons:
(a) The writer planned to ‘eat nothing’ for dinner that night because….
Answer:
The writer had no money left after paying for the luncheon. He also wanted to make his luncheon guest aware of how much she had made him spend. Hence, he said that he planned to ‘eat nothing’ for dinner that night.

(b) The lady thought that the writer was mean because
Answer:
The writer had only three francs left to tip the waiter. His guest did not know this, and seeing this inadequate sum, thought he was mean.

Question 51.
Complete the table by picking the various humorous instances and the particular lines from the passage.

Humorous instance	Line from the passage

Answer:

Humorous instance	Line from the passage
1. The woman is a voracious eater.	“Follow my example, and never eat more than one thing for luncheon.” *
2. The writer had no money for dinner.	“I’ll do better than that,” I retorted, “I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.”
3. The woman had become very fat.	Today she weighs twenty- one stone.

Question 52.
Fill in the blanks with one word from the passage for the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Something that is not enough: ………………….
(2) A man who is revengeful: ………………….
(3) A person who fills his or her writings with humour: ………………….
(4) A person who is stingy and does not like to spend money: ………………….
Answer:
(1) inadequate.
(2) a vindictive man.
(3) a humorist.
(4) a mean person.

Question 53.
Pick out the verbs from the following sentences and write their tense:
(1) I’ have just had a snack and I shall enjoy a peach.
(2) The bill came and when 1 paid it I found that I had only enough for a quite inadequate tip.
Answer:
(1) have had – present perfect tenseshall enjoy – simple future tense.
(2) came, paid, found, had – simple past tense.

Question 54.
Do you think that the lady never ‘ate more than one thing for luncheon’ on a regular basis?
Answer:
No, I’m sure she ate a large luncheon every day, but fooled herself into thinking that she was eating only one thing. She seems to be a foolish and thick-skinned woman who believes whatever is convenient to her.

Question 55.
(1) Pick out an infinitive from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(2) Punctuate: humorist she cried gailyumping into a cab youre quite a humorist
(3) Find out five hidden words from the given word: satisfaction
(4) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: the only free moment
(5) Spot the errors and rewrite the correct sentence: She have read a book of mine and have written to me about it.
(6) Identify the type of sentence: How time does fly!
(7) Write the correct verb + present/past participles from the following:
(1) attract
(2) write
(3) pass
(4) bear
(5) eat
(6) meet
(8) Arrange the following in alphabetical order: table, tumbler, tablespoon, teaspoon
Answer:
(1) to eat: I was hungry, and I knew it was time to eat.
(2) “Humorist!” she cried gaily,umping into a cab. “You’re quite a humorist!”
(3) satisfaction: fiction, fission, faint, stint, satin
(4) the only free moment: The Principal was so busy that the only free moment she had was during lunch.
(5) She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it.
(6) Exclamatory sentence
(7) (1) attract-atractting
(2) write-written
(3) pass-passing
(4) bear-bearring
(5) eat-eatten
(6) meet-meeted
(8) table, tablespoon, teaspoon, tumbler

Question 56.
Use the following word and its homograph in two separate sentences : mine
Answer:
(i) I knew that the book was mine,
(ii) Three people entered the coal mine to inspect it.

Question 57.
‘I’m not in the least hungry,” my guest sighed, “but if you insist, I don’t mind having some asparagus.” (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
My guest told me with a sigh that she was not in the least hungry, but that if I insisted, she wouldn’t mind having some asparagus.

Question 58.
Word Register: Complete the web showing the things that the woman ate or drank throughout the luncheon.

Answer:

Question 59.
Why don’t you follow my example? (Change the voice beginning Why ….)
Answer:
Why isn’t my example followed (by you)?

Question 60.
Use the following word as a verb and a noun in two separate sentences: mind
(2) I chose the cheapest dish on the menu. (Rewrite in the positive and comparative forms.)
Answer:
(1)

• “Mind your language, young man,” said the shopkeeper angrily, (verb)
• I knew that I had to keep all the instructions in my mind, (noun)

(2) I chose the dish that was cheaper than all the other dishes on the menu, (comparative)
No other dish on the menu was as cheap as the one I chose, (positive)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.5 The Old Man and The Sea Book Review Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.5 The Old Man and The Sea Book Review

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.5 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Old Man And The Sea Book Review Class 10 Question 1.
Pair up with your partner and answer the following questions :
(a) Which animal would you relate yourself to and why?
Answer:
I would relate to a cat. This is because like a cat, I am lazy. I am also reserved and do not show my emotions easily. I choose my friends carefully and am not friendly with anybody and everybody.

(b) Do you have a hero or a role model to look up to? Who is he/she?
Answer:
Yes, my role model is my grandmother. Though she has led a very difficult life because she was poor, she is always optimistic and sees the best in people. She is always cheerful and ready to learn new things. She has learnt how to use the computer and surfs the internet regularly. She is even learning a new language with the help of the computer! She is health-conscious and does yoga regularly. I wish to be like her.

(c) Do you have a passion you would fight for? Why?
Answer:
Yes, my passion is planting trees. Afforestation is the answer to. many of the ills plaguing our country, like water shortage and soil erosion. Planting forests will stop this. When I grow up. I plan to fight for a green cover for our planet.

(d) What is meant by a review?
Answer:
A ‘review’ is a critical evaluation of something – a book, a film, a play, etc.

(e) Have you ever read any book review? If yes, which one? If no, make it a point to read one.
Answer:
Yes, I have read a book review. It was of a Harry Potter book. I read it in a newspaper and it gave me an idea of what to expect in the book, without knowing the details.

The Old Man And The Sea Section 1 Answers Question 2.
Make a list of famous novels of Ernest Hemingway. Two are given to you.
(1) A Farewell to Arms
(2) For Whom the Bell Tolls.
(3) ………………………………………
(4) ………………………………………
(5) ………………………………………
(6) ………………………………………
(7) ………………………………………
Answer:
(1) A Farewell to Arms.
(2) For Whom the Bells Toll.
(3) The Sun also Rises.
(4) The Garden of Eden.
(5) Islands in the Stream.
(6) To Have and Have Not.
(7) The Torrents of Spring.

The Old Man And The Sea Question Answers Question 3.
Ernest Miller Hemingway was a famous American novelist, short story writer and journalist. Make a list of other famous American novelists. Complete the web filling the boxes with the names of famous American novelists.

Answer:

The Old Man and The Sea Book Review Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Old Man And The Sea Book Report Question 1.
Read the passage and name the following.
(a) Young and devoted apprentice
(b) The place where Hemingway had experience of fishing
(c) That which Hemingway was injured by, during First World War
(d) Language of the novel
(e) In his first reading, the review writer was left
Answer:
(a) Manolin
(b) Cuban waters
(c) shrapnel
(d) simple and pithy
(e) unimpressed

The Old Man And The Sea Book Review Question 2.
Correct the following sentences using facts from the review.
(a) Manolin’s parents insisted on his working with the same old fisherman.
(b) This novel is pure fiction.
(c) Hemingway’s style of writing does not unfold the hidden meaning.
(d) The relationship between the old man and Manolin is coarse.
Answer:
(a) Manolin’s parents insisted on his working with another fisherman.
(b) This novel is based on real events and draws heavily from incidents in Hemingway’s own life.
(c) Hemingway’s style of writing is such that a reader can read his work again and again and find new layers of meaning every time.
(d) The relationship between the old man and Manolin is heart-warming.

The Old Man And The Sea Questions And Answers Question 3.
Compare the points that you would use for a book review with those of the review of a play and write in your notebook.
Answer:

Book Review	Review of a play	Review of a film
(1) Story Line	(1) Story Line, Theme and Climax	(1) Story Line
(2) Social/Historical Context	(2) Actors/Actresses and their Presentations	(2) Acting
(3) Writing Style	(3) Use of lights, music and special effects	(3) Direction
(4) My Thoughts.	(4) Use of Sets, Costumes and Make-up (5) My Thoughts and rating.	(4) Editing (5) Cinematography (6) Music and sound effects (7) Special effects (8) My thoughts and rating

The Old Man And The Sea Review Question 4.
The line – ‘I first read this novel years ago, when I did not understand it at all and was left unimpressed.’ tells us about the book reviewer’s opinion about the book. Complete the following sentences using the expressions.
(1) In my opinion, every hard working person achieves success in life.
(2) I strongly feel that ……………………………………………………….
(3) I wish I could ……………………………………………………….
(4) As far as I know you ……………………………………………………….
(5) I think ……………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) every hardworking person achieves success in life.
(2) there should be a complete ban on tobacco.
(3) go to the moon.
(4) have never taken part in a debate.
(5) they know what they are doing.

Old Man And The Sea Book Review Question 5.
The review describes the struggle between the old man with the marlin and sharks, Ernest Hemingway’s struggle against defeat or death and noble struggle against destruction. Find all the words from the text that are related to the word ‘brave’ or ‘courage’.

• strength
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….

Answer:

• strength,
• formidable.
• strong,
• determination,
• endurance,
• triumph,
• struggle.

The Old Man And The Sea Answers Question 6.
The review mentions struggles of both the writer, Ernest Hemingway and the old man. Fill the incidents of struggle of Hemingway in table A and those of the old man in table B.

Table A	Table B
Ernest Hemingway	Old man
•
•
•
•

Answer:

Table A	Table B
Ernest Hemingway	Old man
(1) injured by shrapnel during the First World War	(1) has a run of terrible bad luck
(2) faces the destruction caused by the two World Wars	(2) unable to catch fish for 84 days
	(3) his apprentice, Manolin leaves him
	(4) the marlin he hooks is too strong for him
	(5) battles with sharks
	(6) very near death

Question 7.
Read the text again. You will find that the text contains many phrases. Match the phrases in ‘A’ and their meanings in ‘B’. After matching their meanings, make sentences of your own

‘A’ Phrases	‘B’ Meanings
1. run of terrible bad luck	a. triggered a feeling or memory
2. draws heavily on	b. without being affected by a particular factor
3. struck a chord	c. endure in difficult circumstances
4. in spite of	d. a period of time when bad things happen
5. holding on	e. makes use of

Answer:

‘A’ Phrases	‘B’ Meanings
1. run of terrible bad luck	d. a period of time when bad things happen
2. draws heavily on	e. makes use of
3. struck a chord	a. triggered a feeling or memory
4. in spite of	b. without being affected by a particular factor
5. holding on	c. endure in difficult circumstances

Question 8.
(A) Rewrite as directed, without change of meaning, in your notebook.
(1) Hemingway’s novel is based on real events. (Convert the underlined adjective to an Adjectival Clause)
(2) He hooks a marlin but the marlin is too strong for him. (Rewrite beginning with ‘Although’)
(3) The reader can read his work again and again and find new layers of menaing. (Begin the sentence with ‘On reading’)
(4) As the novel progresses, the old man and the marlin are inseparably linked. (Rewrite using ‘progress’ as a Noun)
(5) Being strong, the marlin starts pulling the boat. (Rewrite inserting ‘and’ as a Co-ordinator)
(6) When I first read this novel, I was unimpressed. (Rewrite using ‘but’ as a Co-ordinator)
Answer:
(1) Hemingway’s novel is based on events which are real.
(2) Although he hooks a marlin, the marlin is, too strong for him.
(3) On reading his work again and again, the reader can find new layers of meaning.
(4) In the course of the progress of the novel, the old man and the marlin are inseparably linked.
(5) The marlin is strong and starts pulling the boat.
(6) I had read this novel before but I was unimpressed at that time.

(B) Write the ‘root-word’ after dropping the prefix or suffix or both.
(1) unable ……………………………………….
(2) heavily ……………………………………….
(3) determination ……………………………………….
(4) endurance ……………………………………….
(5) unimpressed ……………………………………….
(6) relationship ……………………………………….
(7) inseparably ……………………………………….
(8) empathetic ……………………………………….
(9) beautiful ……………………………………….
(10) simplicity ……………………………………….
Answer:
(1) unable – able
(2) heavily – heavy
(3) determination – determine
(4) endurance – endure
(5) unimpressed – impress
(6) relationship – relate
(7) inseparably – separate
(8) empathetic – empathy
(9) beautiful – beauty
(10) simplicity – simple

Question 9.
Write a book review on any book of your choice with the help of the following points.

• Story line
• Social/Historical content
• Writing style
• My thought

Answer:

Pride and Prejudice: Book review.

Story Line:
‘Pride and Prejudice’ is a romantic novel written by Jane Austen and first published in 1813. The book follows the life of Elizabeth Bennet, a headstrong, intelligent woman. It takes place in the early 1800s and is about the emotional development of the main character.

Elizabeth has four sisters and no brother. According to the succession rights, none of the girls can inherit the property, and Mrs. Bennet (Elizabeth’s mother) thinks that good marriages are the only way for them to lead a good life. Her main ambition in life is to see that her daughters marry wealthy men. However, the novel emphasizes that one should marry for love and not only for money. Mr. Bennet tolerates his wife’s behaviour and is dryly sarcastic when she is silly. There are villainous characters like George Wickham and comic ones like Mr. Collins.

Social/Historical Context:
In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennets are members of the educated upper middle class. At that time, a man’s income was always reported as a ‘number of pounds per year’. Mr Bingley has ‘four or five thousand a year’ while Darcy’s income is a very impressive 10,000 a yepr. Thus, Darcy is considered to possess a fortune, and hence a very eligible bachelor.

The formal manners of behaviour are obvious in the custom of paying visits and leaving calling cards, the necessity of giving formal introductions, etc. Marriage was considered to be the only acceptable role for any woman, and getting married was high on the list of priorities. The clothes and customs all reflect the time. The French revolution was in progress during the time of the writing of this novel. Though it is difficult to relate to such customs and such priorities today, the novel still holds our interest.

Writing Style:
Jane Austen has portrayed her characters well, and given good character sketches of all, whether it is the silly, materialistic Mrs. Bennet as the mother or Elizabeth as the strong-willed daughter. Jane Austen’s writing is sharp, with plenty of sarcasm and irony. Many times it is a bit too detailed; but that was the style of writing at that time. She wrote about ordinary people and their ordinary lives in an exceptional way. She recognized the flaws in society, especially as far as marriage is concerned. The opening words of her novel, ’It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’, are unforgettable and are still quoted.

My Thoughts:
When I first read it, it was out of compulsion; it was a part of our school activity, and I disliked it. I was too small to appreciate the undertones. I found too many unnecessary details. However, when I read it a few years later, I had already read many other books based in that time period. Hence, I could appreciate their customs, their dresses and their way of talking. I had alsu seen a film based on it. and things became clearer. I plan to read it again and see if I can find new meaning in it now.

Question 10.
You know the essential points required for a book review. Now form pairs and find essential points required for a play review and film review. You can take help of your teacher, library or the internet.

Book Review	Play Review	Film Review
–

Answer:

Book Review	Play Review	Film Review
(1) Story Line (2) Social/Historical Context (3) Writing Style (4) My Thoughts.	(1) Story Line, Theme and Climax (2) Actors/Actresses and their Presentations (3) Use of lights, music and special effects (4)    Use of Sets, Costumes and Make-up (5)    My Thoughts and rating.	(1) Story Line (2) Acting (3) Direction (4) Editing (5) Cinematography (6) Music and sound effects (7) Special effects (8) My thoughts and rating

Question 11.
Project
Classroom Library :
Ask all your classmates to donate a book each to the class. In this way everyone will have a book of his/her own to read. Read the book in a week or two. After reading it, exchange your book with your classmate. Keep exchanging and reading books for the whole year. Every fortnight give the book review of the book that you have read recently in the form of a presentation.

Question 12.
Complete the following:
(1) Hemingway had experience of …………………..
(2) He worked for ………………….. during the First World War.
(3) ‘The Old Man and The Sea’ was published in …………………….
Answer:
(1) fishing in the Cuban waters.
(2) The Red Cross
(3) 1952

Question 13.
Describe the general mood of the people when the novel was published.
Answer:
When the novel was published, people were trying to recover from the mass destruction caused by the two World Wars.

Question 14.
Sentences:
(1) The young actor had a …………………… at the beginning of his career.
(2) This painter …………………… the old masterpieces.
(3) The girl’s sad story immediately …………………… with the news reporter.
(4) Lata Mangeshkar’s songs …………………… for a long time.
Answer:
(1) run of terrible bad luck
(2) draws heavily on
(3) struck a chord
(4) will live on

Question 15.
Find the synonyms (one word) for the following from the passage:
(i) The ability to do something difficult for a long time: ……………
(ii) Formed or worked: ……………
Answer:
(i) endurance
(ii) wrought

Question 16.
The old man is, at the end of the novel, very near death, but we know that the story of his suffering and loss will live on in the memories of the people of his village. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘Though’)
Answer:
Though the old man is, at the end of the novel, very near death, we know that the story of his suffering and loss will live on in the memories of the people of his village.

Question 17.
During the First World War, Hemingway was injured by shrapnel. (Begin the sentence with ‘Shrapnel….’)
Answer:
Shrapnel injured Hemingway during the First World War.

Question 18.
Do you like to read books? If so, what type? If not, why?
Answer:
I do like to read books. I like to read mystery novels. I find them very thrilling and interesting. I am a big fan of Agatha Christie and Arthur Conan Doyle. I have read nearly the whole Sherlock Holmes series of short stories.

Question 19.
(a) After recent reading the reviewer was left: ……………………
(b) It fights for its life desperately: ……………………
Answer:
(a) moved and impressed
(b) the marlin

Question 20.
Hemingway practises an extreme economy in his use of words’. What does this mean?
Answer:
It means he uses very few words to express his thoughts and ideas.

Question 21.
What are the ideals that the old man and the marlin both stand for?
Answer:
The old man and the marlin both stand for the same ideals, that is, a noble struggle against destruction.

Question 22.
Complete the following web:
Answers:

Question 23.
Sentences:
(1) Hussain was ill; in spite of this, he stood first in the test.
(2) I could see the new rider holding on to the reins desperately.
(3) The little boy looked longingly at the puppy again and again.
(4) The symbol of a white dove stands for peace.
Answer:
(1) in spite of
(2) holding on
(3) again and again
(4) stands for

Question 24.
Find the synonyms for the following from the passage:
(i) Brief: …………………..
(ii) Likely to make someone believe something that is not true: ………………….
Answer:
(i) pithy
(ii) deceptive

Question 25.
Write four to five sentences about your favorite writer.
Answer:
My favorite writer is Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes. Every story written by Doyle is different and holds my interest right till the end. The stories are so gripping that one cannot put the book down easily. I borrow the books from the library to read during the vacation.

Question 26.
(1) Write down two compound words from the passage.
(2) Pick out an infinitive from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(3) Find out five hidden words from the given word t endurance
(4) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: even after his death
(5) Spot the error/errors and rewrite the correct sentence: The novel was publishing in 1952
(6) Identify the type of sentence: I first read this novel years ago, when I did not understand it at all.
(7) Hemingway always talks about the need to struggle. (Replace the infinitive with a gerund.)
(8) From the following verbs, pick out the verb which forms its present and past participle by doubling the last letter: run, write, swim, fan.
(9) Complete the word chain with verbs of your own. write, e………., r………., r………., t……… .
Answer:
(1) fisherman, baseball
(2) to catch: The fielder tried to catch the ball.
(3) endurance: endure, dance, under, crane, creed.
(4) even after his death: People remembered the great leader with love and respect even after his death.
(5) The novel was published in 1952
(6) Assertive (negative)
(7) Hemingway always talks about the need for struggling.
(8) fan – fanning, fanned.
(9) write, enter, remember, report, think.

Question 27.
(1) Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: sail
(2) He worked for the Red Cross. (Rewrite using the past progressive tense of the verb.)
(3) A reader can read his work again and again. (Change the voice beginning ‘His work ….)
Answer:
(1) (i) The sail of the huge boat fluttered in the breeze,
(ii) The old woman loves shopping wherever there is a sale.
(2) He was working for the Red Cross.
(3) His work can be read again and again (by a reader).

Question 28.
(1) Use the given two words in one meaningful sentence: formidable, beautiful.
(2) Recently, I read this book again and was extremely moved. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
(1) It was a formidable job to make the dilapidated old house beautiful again.
(2) I was extremely moved when I recently read the book again.