Bhagya

Class 10th Sanskrit Anand Chapter 7 वाचनप्रशंसा Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Anand Chapter 7 वाचनप्रशंसा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 10 Sanskrit Chapter 7 Question Answer

Sanskrit Anand Std 10 Digest Chapter 7 वाचनप्रशंसा Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यास:

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
वाचनेन के गुणाः वर्धन्ते ?
उत्तरम् :
वाचनेन शीलं, सद्गुणसम्पत्तिः, ज्ञानं, विज्ञानं उत्साहः च एते गुणा: वर्धन्ते।

प्रश्न आ.
वाचनेन मनुजाः किं बोधन्ते ?
उत्तरम् :
वाचनेन मनुजा: बहून् विषयान् बोधन्ते।

प्रश्न इ.
विद्यार्थिना कथं कालक्षेपः न कर्तव्यः ?
उत्तरम् :
विद्यार्थिना वृथाभ्रमणेन, कुक्रीडया, परपीडया, अपभाषणेन च कालक्षेपः न कर्तव्यः।

2. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
वाचनम् उपकारकं कथम् इति स्पष्टीकुरुत।
प्रश्न आ.
हितं सद्ग्रन्थवाचनम् इति कविः किमर्थं वदति?

3. समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
शीलम्, दक्षः, रताः, कालक्षेपः, वार्धक्यम्, पण्डितः

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
शीलम्, दक्षः, रताः, कालक्षेपः, वार्धक्यम्, पण्डितः
उत्तरम् :

• शीलम् – चारित्र्यम्।
• दक्षः – सतर्कः, जागरुकः, तत्परः।
• रताः – तल्लीनाः, मग्नाः।
• कालक्षेपः – कालापव्ययः।
• वार्धक्यम् – वार्धकम, वृद्धावस्था, स्थाविरम्।
• पण्डितः – विद्वान्, विदग्धः, प्राज्ञः।

4. जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।

प्रश्न अ.

उत्तरम् :

प्रश्न आ.

उत्तरम् :

प्रश्न इ.

उत्तरम् :

5. विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
सद्गुणः, उत्साहः, प्राचीनाः, उपकारकम्

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्दान् लिखत ।
सद्गुणः, उत्साहः, प्राचीनाः, उपकारकम्
उत्तरम् :

1. सद्गुणः × दुर्गुणः।
2. उत्साहः × अनुत्साहः ।
3. प्राचीनाः × अर्वाचीनाः ।
4. उपकारकम् × अपकारकम्।

6. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
वाचनेनैव
उत्तरम् :
वाचनेनैव – वाचनेन + एव।

प्रश्न आ.
अद्ययावद्धि
उत्तरम् :
अद्ययावद्धि – अद्ययावत् + हि।

7. विशेषण-विशेष्याणां मेलनं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न 1.

विशेषणम्	विशेष्यम्
उपकारकम्	मनुजाः
प्राचीनाः	विषयान्
दक्षाः	वाचनम्
बहून्	कविपण्डिताः

उत्तरम् :

विशेषणम्	विशेष्यम्
उपकारकम्	वाचनम्
प्राचीनाः	कविपण्डिताः
दक्षाः	मनुजाः
बहून्	विषयान्

8. अमरकोषात् योग्यं समानार्थशब्दं योजयित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
मनुजाः वाचनेन बहून् विषयान् बोधन्ते ।
उत्तरम् :
मनुष्याः / मानुषा: / माः / मानवाः / नरा: वाचनेन बहून् विषयान् बोधन्ते।

वाचनप्रशंसा Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना :

क्षेपणास्त्रक्षेत्राच्या विकासकार्यातील योगदानामुळे सन्मानननीय डॉ. ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम यांना ‘इंडियाज मिसाईलमॅन’ असे संबोधित करण्यात आले. तसेच तरुणवर्ग व लोकांना प्रगतीपथावर जाण्यासाठी नेहमी प्रोत्साहित करणाऱ्या या राष्ट्रपतींना ‘पिपल्स प्रेसिडण्ट’ (लोकांचे राष्ट्रपती) हा किताबही देण्यात आला होता.

डॉ. ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम यांनी पुस्तकांना आजन्म सोबती मानले. त्यांनी म्हटले आहे, “चांगल्या पुस्तकाच्या संपर्कात येणे व त्याला बाळगणे ही चिरस्थायी संपन्नता आहे.” ते पुस्तकांचा आदर करायचे. म्हणूनच, त्यांची जन्मतिथी, 15 ऑक्टोबर हा ‘वाचनप्रेरणा दिवस’ म्हणून पाळला जातो. वाचनप्रशंसा हे पद्य, वैविध्यपूर्ण पुस्तकांच्या वाचनामुळे होणाऱ्या लाभावर प्रकाश टाकते.

Honourable Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was titled as ‘India’s missile man’ for his work in the development of missiles. Also, he was labelled as ‘People’s president’ as he often spoke and inspired youth for their development.

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam considered the book as a permanent companion. He said, “Coming into contact with a good book and possessing it is indeed an everlasting enrichment.” He used to respect books. So, his birth date 15 October is celebrated as ‘वाचनप्रेरणादिवस’ that means, a day to promote, reading. वाचनप्रशंसा throws light on the benefits of reading various books.

श्लोकः 1

शीलं सद्गुणसम्पत्तिः ज्ञानं विज्ञानमेव च।
उत्साहो वर्धते येन वाचनं तद् हितावहम् ।।1।।

अनुवादः

ते वाचन हितावह आहे, ज्यामुळे मनुष्याचे चारित्र्य, सद्गुणरूपी संपत्ती, ज्ञान, विशेष आकलन व उत्साह (यांचे) संवर्धन होते.

That reading is beneficial which enhances a man’s character, treasure in a form of good virtues, knowledge, comprehension and enthusiasm (towards learning).

श्लोक: 2

मनुजा वाचनेनैव बोधन्ते विषयान् बहून्।
दक्षा भवन्ति कार्येषु वाचनेन बहुश्रुताः।।2।।

अनुवादः

केवळ वाचनाने लोकांना अनेक विषयांचे आकलन होते. (लोक) वाचनामुळे (त्यांच्या) कार्यात दक्ष व सुविद्य होतात.
People understand many subjects by mere reading. They become prompt/alert in work and well versed/knowledgeable by reading.

श्लोक: 3

वाल्मीकिव्यासबाणाद्याः प्राचीनाः कविपण्डिताः।
तान् शिक्षयन्ति सततं ये सदा वाचने रताः।।3।।
अन्वय:- ये सदा वाचने रताः तान् वाल्मीकि-व्यास-बाणाद्याः प्राचीनाः कविपण्डिताः शिक्षयन्ति।

अनुवादः

जे नेहमी वाचनामध्ये मग्न असतात, त्यांना, वाल्मीकि, व्यास, बाण इ. कवी व विद्वान (त्यांच्या लिखाणातून) नेहमी शिकवितात. (या कवींचे साहित्य वाचल्यास वाचकांचा भ्रम दूर होऊन ते ज्ञानी बनतात.)

Ancient poets and scholars like वाल्मीकि, व्यास, बाण etc. teach those who are always engrossed in reading (The works of these poets enlighten readers and make them knowledgeable.)

श्लोकः 4

अद्ययावद्धि ज्ञानाय वृत्तपत्रं पठेत्सदा।
सर्वविधसुविद्यार्थ वाचनमुपकारकम्।।4।।

अनुवादः

मनुष्याने अद्ययावत ज्ञान (माहिती) मिळण्यासाठी नेहमी वर्तमानपत्र वाचावे. वाचन हे सर्व प्रकारचे ज्ञान मिळविण्यासाठी (अतिशय) उपयुक्त आहे.

Indeed, a man should always read a newspaper for updated knowledge, Reading is helpful (useful) for all sorts of learning

श्लोकः 5

वथाभ्रमणकुक्क्रीडापरपीडापभाषणैः।
कालक्षेपो न कर्तव्यो विद्यार्थी वाचनं श्रयेत्।।5।।

अनुवादः

विद्यार्थ्यांनी दिशाहीन भटकण्यात, अपायकारक क्रीडा खेळण्यात, इतरांना क्लेश (त्रास) देण्यात, (व) (इतरांना) बोल लावण्यात (दोष देण्यात) वेळ वाया घालवू नये. विद्यार्थ्याने वाचनाचा आश्रय घ्यावा. (वाचनात अधिकाधिक मग्न असावे) स्पष्टीकरण – वाचनाने माणसाचे चारित्र्य समृद्ध होते, याउलट, विद्यार्थी श्लोकात उद्धृत केलेल्या वायफळ कृतींमध्ये मग्न असल्यास, त्याचा वेळ तर वाया जातोच व त्याचे मनही कलुषित होते.

A student should not waste time in wandering aimlessly, playing harmful game, troubling/ bothering others (and) by abusive talk. (Infact) A student should resort to reading. Explanation – Reading helps in building up good character, however, if a student is involved in abovementioned futile activities, he wastes his time and corrupts his mind.

श्लोकः 6

वाचनं ज्ञानदं बाल्ये तारुण्ये शीलरक्षकम्।
वार्थक्ये दुःखहरणं हितं सद्ग्रन्थवाचनम्।।6।।
अन्वयः- वाचनं बाल्ये ज्ञानदं, तारुण्ये शीलरक्षकम्, वार्धक्ये दुःखहरणं (भवति) (अत:) सद्ग्रन्थवाचनं हितं (भवति)।

अनुवादः

वाचन लहानपणात ज्ञान देणारे, तरुणपणी चारित्र्याचे संरक्षण करणारे, (व) म्हातारपणात दुःख दूर करणारे आहे. (म्हणून) चांगल्या पुस्तकांचे वाचन हितावह असते.

Reading gives knowledge in the childhood, (it) guards the character in the youth, (it) wards off sorrow in the old age. (Hence) Reading good books (is beneficial.

सन्धिविग्रहः

1. विज्ञानमेव – विज्ञानम् + एव।
2. उत्साहो वर्धते . उत्साहः + वर्धते।
3. दक्षा भवन्ति – दक्षा: + भवन्ति ।
4. पठेत्सदा – पठेत् + सदा।
5. कालक्षेपो न – कालक्षेप: + न ।
6. कर्तव्यो विद्यार्थी – कर्तव्यः + विद्यार्थी।
7. वाचनमुपकारकम् – वाचनम् + उपकारकम्।

शब्दार्थाः

1. उत्साहः – enthusiasm – उत्साह
2. सम्पत्तिः – treasure/wealth – संपन्नता
3. शीलम् – character – चारित्र्य
4. विज्ञानम् – comprehension, wisdom – विशेष आकलन, शहाणपणा
5. हितावहम् – beneficial – हितकारक
6. वर्धते – increases – वाढते
7. पण्डिताः – scholars – विद्वान
8. प्राचीनाः – ancient – प्राचीन
9. रताः – engrossed – मग्न
10. शिकवितात – teach /educate – शिक्षयन्ति
11. सर्वविध – of all sorts – सर्व प्रकारच्या
12. वृत्तपत्रम् – newspaper – वर्तमानपत्र
13. उपकारकम् – useful / helpful – उपयोगी / उपयुक्त
14. अद्ययावत् – updated – अद्ययावत
15. सुविद्यार्थम् – for good learning – ज्ञानासाठी
16. वृथाभ्रमण – aimless wandering – दिशाहीन भटकणे
17. अपभाषण – abusive talk – चुकीचे बोलणे
18. कुक्रीडा – harmful game – अपायकारक खेळ
19. परपीडा – troubling others – इतरांना त्रास देणे
20. कालक्षेप:न – should not waste – वेळ वाया घालवू नये
21. कर्तव्यः – time
22. श्रयेत् – one should resort to – आश्रय घ्यावा (अवलंब करावा)
23. ज्ञानदम् – gives knowledge – ज्ञान देणारे
24. शीलरक्षकम् – guards the character – चारित्र्याचे संरक्षण करणारे
25. बाल्ये – in the childhood – लहानपणी
26. तारुण्ये – in the youth – तरुणपणात
27. वार्धक्ये – in the old age – म्हातारपणी
28. दुःखहरणं भवति – wards off sorrow – दुःख दूर करते
29. दक्षाः – prompt / alert – दक्ष, सावध
30. बोधन्ते – understand – आकलन होते
31. बहुश्रुताः – well-versed/ knowledgeable – सुविद्य

10th Standard Sanskrit Anand Digest Pdf  

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• वाचनप्रशंसा Class 10 Question Answer
• नदीसूक्तम् Class 10 Question Answer
• आदिशङ्कराचार्यः Class 10 Question Answer
• चित्रकाव्यम् Class 10 Question Answer
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Class 10th Sanskrit Aamod Chapter 10 नदीसूक्तम् Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Amod Chapter 10 नदीसूक्तम् Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 10 Sanskrit Chapter 10 Question Answer

Sanskrit Amod Std 10 Digest Chapter 10 नदीसूक्तम् Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यास:

1. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
विश्वामित्र: नद्यौ किं प्रार्थयते ?
उत्तरम् :
विश्वामित्र – नदी संवाद, हे संवादसूक्त ऋग्वेदाच्या तिसऱ्या मंडलात आढळते. यामध्ये, विश्वामित्र ऋषी नदीला मातेसमान मानून तिची पूजा करतात आणि तिला जपण्याचे व तिची सेवा करण्याचे वचन देतात.

विश्वामित्र ऋषी बियास व सतलज नद्यांच्या संगमाजवळ पोहोचले. तेव्हा त्यांनी नद्यांना आदरयुक्त शुभेच्छा दिल्या. त्यांनी नद्यांना ‘माता’ असे संबोधून त्यांना उथळ होण्याची विनंती केली. याचप्रमाणे विश्वामित्रांनी नद्यांना त्यांचे प्रवाह कमी करण्यासाठी प्रार्थना केली.

विश्वामित्र – नदी संवाद is one of the dialogue-hymns found in third मण्डल of ऋग्वेद. Herein the sage विश्वामित्र worships river asa mother and pleases her with the assurance to take care of her and serve her.

विश्वामित्र, reached the union of Bias and Sutlej river. Then he greeted the rivers with respect. He termed rivers as mother and requested them to become shallow. He requested them to moderate the flow.

प्रश्न आ.
मानवानां जीवनं नदीनां साहाय्येन कथं समृद्धं जातम् ?
उत्तरम् :
विश्वामित्र – नदी संवाद, हे संवादसूक्त ऋग्वेदाच्या तिसऱ्या मंडलात आढळते. यामध्ये, विश्वामित्र ऋषी नदीला मातेसमान मानून तिची पूजा करतात आणि तिला जपण्याचे व तिची सेवा करण्याचे वचन देतात.

संपूर्ण पृथ्वीवर नदीजल हा पाण्याचा उपयुक्त स्रोत आहे. पुष्कळ वर्षांपासून नद्या या शेतीमध्ये शेतकऱ्यांना उपयुक्त ठरतात. केवल शेतांचीच नव्हे तर संपूर्ण पृथ्वीची पाण्यामुळे भरभराट झाली. पाण्याचा योग्य प्रकारे संचय करुन वीजनिर्मितीकरता जनित्र (जनरेटर) सुद्धा लावले गेले व मानवाचे जीवन पाण्यामुळे प्रकाशमान झाले. या प्रकारे नद्यांच्या साहाय्याने मानवी जीवन समृद्ध झाले.

विश्वामित्र – नदी संवाद is one of the dialogue-hymns found in third मण्डल of ऋग्वेद. Herein the sage विश्वामित्र worships river as a mother and pleases her with the assurance to take care of her and serve her.

River water is a useful source. Since many years, rivers are helpful to the farmers in agriculture. Not only the fields but the earth is prospered due to rivers. River water was well-restored. Even the generator was placed for creating electricity, thus water illuminated lives of.people. In this way human lives were flourished with the assistance of rivers..

नदीसूक्तम् Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना :

ऋग्वेद संस्कृत साहित्यातील अतिशय प्राचीन वेद मानला जातो. पौराणिक प्रसंग, काव्य, प्रार्थना यांनी युक्त अशा दहा मंडलांनी तो समृद्ध आहे. ऋग्वेदाच्या विविध सूक्तांतून देव, देवता व नैसर्गिक शक्ती यांचे स्तवन केलेले दिसून येते.

विश्वामित्र – नदी संवाद, हे संवादसूक्त ऋग्वेदाच्या तिसऱ्या मंडलात आढळते. यामध्ये, विश्वामित्र ऋषी नदीला मातेसमान मानून तिची पूजा करतात आणि तिला जपण्याचे व तिची सेवा करण्याचे वचन देतात.

पाण्याचा उत्तम स्रोत असलेल्या नद्यांच्या तीरावर मानवी संस्कृती विकसित होत गेली. पाण्याच्या प्राणवाहक तत्त्वामुळे, धार्मिक कार्यातील त्याच्या विनियोगामुळे व स्वच्छतेवर दिला गेलेला भर, यामुळे भारतीय संस्कृतीमध्ये पाण्याला विशेष महत्त्व प्राप्त झाले आहे. यास्तव, आपण सर्वांनी नद्यांचे रक्षण करावयास हवे.

नेमका हाच विचार महोदया डॉ. मंजूषा गोखले यांनी ऋग्वेदातील नदीसूक्तावर आधारित संवादपाठात मांडला आहे.

ऋग्वेद is considered to be the most ancient perhaps the foremost literature in Sanskrit. It is comprised of ten HUSE is filled with liturgical material as well as mythological accounts, poetry and prayers.

Gods, goddesses, natural elements are praised through hymns of in a poetic form. विश्वामित्र – नदी संवाद, is one of the dialogue-hymns found in third मण्डल of ऋग्वेद. Herein the sage विश्वामित्र worships नदी (river) as a mother and pleases her with the assurance to care and serve her.

Human civilisation expanded on the banks of the river. Indeed, water is of special significance in Indian culture for its life-sustaining properties as well as its use in rituals and because of the stress given to cleanliness.

Hence, we should take care of the rivers. This thought is appropriately brought out through the dialogue based on नदीसूक्तम् from ऋग्वेद written by respectable Dr. Manjusha Gokhale.

अनुवादः

व्यासपीठावर – कीर्तनकार कीर्तन करत आहे, श्रोतृगण ऐकण्यात तल्लीन झाला आहे.)

गंगे, यमुने, गोदावरी, सरस्वती, नर्मदे, सिंधु, कावेरी (सर्व नद्यांनो) पृथ्वीवर (तुमचा) संगम होवो. (हिंदू पंचांगाप्रमाणे) ज्येष्ठ महिन्यात, शुक्लपक्षातील दशमीला गंगादशहरा उत्सवाचा प्रारंभ होतो. या उत्सवामध्ये नदीची पूजा करावी.

(टीप : पवित्र असणाऱ्या गंगानदीचे स्वर्गातून पृथ्वीवर याच दिवशी अवतरण झाले, असे मानतात. म्हणून हा दिवस गङ्गादशहरा किंवा गङ्गावतरणम् या नावाने साजरा केला जातो.) श्रोतृगण – नदीचे पूजन? नदीचे पूजन कशासाठी (करायचे)?

कीर्तनकार – खरोखर, नदी जीवन देणारी आहे. म्हणून या प्रसंगी, कृतज्ञता दर्शविण्यासाठी लोक पाण्यामध्ये दीपदान करतात. द्रोणामध्ये दिवे लावून नदीच्या पाण्यामध्ये अर्पण करतात. (पाण्यात सोडतात).

पिण्यासाठी पाणी (उपयोगात येते.) शेतीची वाढ होण्यासाठी (पाण्याचा उपयोग होतो.) वीज निर्माण करण्यासाठी (पाणी वापरले जाते.) (खरोखरच), पाणी जीवन जगण्यासाठी (महत्त्वाचे ठरते.) सजीवांसाठी नदी देवीतुल्य आहे. नदी ही मातृतुल्य आहे. यास्तव, आज सर्व प्रकारे नदीसूक्त ऐकण्याजोगे व स्मरणीय आहे.

श्रोतृगण – अहो पुराणिकवर्य, नदी आपली माता कशी म्हणता येईल? नदीचे (आपल्यावर) उपकार कसे काय?

कीर्तनकार – सज्जनहो ऐका. ही कथा फार जुनी आहे. कुशिकांचे पुत्र विश्वामित्र नावाचे एक श्रेष्ठ मुनी होते. कुटुंबासहित व गोधनासहित ते दूरवरुन आले होते. मार्ग चालत चालत ते बियास व शुतुद्री (सतलज) या नद्यांच्या संगमाजवळ पोहोचले.
(त्यानंतर विश्वामित्र प्रवेश करतो. नदीला प्रणाम करुन / नमस्कार करुन)

विश्वामित्र – मी नदीचा प्रवाह कसा पार करू? गोधनाचे कसे रक्षण करू? (दुसऱ्या तीरापर्यंत) ओलांडून जाण्यासाठी मार्गाची याचना कशी करू? नद्यांकरिता शुभेच्छांची प्रार्थना कशी करू?

नदी (बियास) – हा माणूस कोण आहे? हा कशासाठी आपल्याला वंदन करत आहे व (आपली) प्रशंसा करत आहे? आर्य, (आपले) तुमचे नाव काय आहे? आम्हांला कोवून बोलावत आहेस?

विश्वामित्र – माते, मी विश्वामित्र आहे. मी रथ व गाड्यांसहीत दूरवरून आलो आहे. आम्ही सर्व दुसऱ्या तीरावर जाण्यासाठी उत्सुक आहोत.

नदी (सतजल) – हे ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठा, तुझी वाणी खरोखर गोड आहे. (ती)
आम्हाला आनंदित करत आहे. (आम्हांला) सांग, आम्ही तुला कसे साहाय्य करू?

विश्वामित्र – माते, माझी विनंती ऐक तू माझ्यासाठी उथळ होशील का? कृपया पाण्याचा ओघ कमी कर. ज्यामुळे आम्ही सर्व दुसऱ्या तीरावर सहज जाऊ शकतो.

नदी (बियास) – खरचं, इंद्रदेवाने मला. हा मार्ग दिला आहे. वृत्रासुराला मारुन इंद्राने(च) नदीचा प्रवाह मोकळा करुन दिला आहे. मी त्याची अवज्ञा करू शकत नाही, (अन्यथा) इंद्रदेव माझ्यावर रुष्ट होतील / रागावतील (म्हणून) हे विश्वामित्रा, मला क्षमा कर. (मी) कधीही विराम घेऊ शकत नाही.

दोन्ही नद्या – हे विश्वमित्रा, आम्ही तुझ्यासाठी थांबू शकत नाही. इंद्रदेवाच्या कार्यात अधिक्षेपही करू शकत नाही.

विश्वामित्र – हे माते, इंद्रदेवाची अवज्ञा (अपमान) नको (च) करू, आम्ही केवळ दुसऱ्या तीरावर जाण्याची इच्छा करतो. माते, कृपा कर, आम्ही सर्व तुझीच मुले आहोत. / तुझेच पुत्र आहोत. तुझे उपकार आम्ही कधीही विसरणार नाही. आम्ही असे काही करणार नाही ज्याने तुझा अवमान होईल. ही माझी प्रतिज्ञा आहे.

नदी (बियास) – काय? हा माणूस मला माते असे संबोधत आहे?

नदी (सतजल) – आई स्वत:च्या पुत्राला मदत कशी नाही करणार? हे मानवश्रेष्ठा, फारच छान. पण, तुझे वंशज जर हे वचन विसरले तर?

विश्वामित्र – नाही माते, हे शक्य नाही. (असे होणार नाही) सगळ्या नद्या सुखाने वाहू देत. सर्व लोक सुखी असू देत. (विश्वामित्र जातात).

कीर्तनकार – अशा रितीने, नद्यांना आनंदित करुन विश्वामित्र दुसऱ्या तीरावर गेला, श्रोत्यांनो, अशा प्रकारे, नद्यांनी व लोकांनी परस्परांना संतुष्ट करुन संस्कृतीचे संवर्धन केले. नदी वाहत आहे.

संस्कृती विकसित झाली आहे (आणि) नदीच्या कृपेने मानव आनंदित झाले आहेत.

शेतकरी आनंदित झाले आहेत, पृथ्वी आनंदली आहे. (ही) पृथ्वी, अन्नदात्री असून समृद्ध झाली आहे. नद्यांचे पाणी नियंत्रित केले आहे. व सेतूंनी (योग्यपणे) रोखले आहे. येथे जनित्र चालविण्यात आले आहे. (एकंदरीतच) आयुष्य प्रकाशित झाले
आहे.

श्रोत्यांनो, या रितीने नद्यांच्या साहाय्याने मानवी जीवन नद्यांच्या काठावर समृद्ध झाले आहे. आता सांगा, विश्वामित्राचे वंशज असलेले आपण सर्व मानव, आजही त्याचे वचन पाळतो का?

(On the stage, कीर्तनकार, a person is singing कीर्तन (spiritual teaching through story telling), audience is engrossed in listening to it.) 0 गङ्गा, यमुना, गोदावरी, सरस्वती, नर्मदा, सिन्धु (Indus), कावेरी. May (you all) unite on the earth.

The festival of TSTARTET commences on the tenth day of the waxing moon, in the month of ज्येष्ठ (according to Hindu calendar).

The river should be worshipped on this festival. (Note: It is believed that the holy river गङ्गा descended from the heaven on the earth on this day. Thus, this day is celebrated as गङ्गावतरणम्)

Audience – Worshipping the river? Why we should worship the river?

कीर्तनकार – Indeed, the river gives (us) life. Therefore, On this occasion, people release lamps in the river to express gratitude. By lighting the small lamp in a leaf-bowl, people offer it to the river -water.

Water (can be used) for drinking. (it is used) to prosper the agriculture (It is used) to create the electricity (Indeed) the water is for (sustaining) life. The river is like goddess for living beings. The river is like mother. Hence, today by all means नदीसूक्त is worth-listening and remembering.

Audience – O great पुराणिक, How the river can be considered as our mother? How has she favoured us?

कीर्तनकार – O noble people, please listen.

Indeed this story is very old. There was a great sage named विश्वामित्र, the son of कुशिक, He had come from afar with his family and cows. Following the way, he reached the union of bias and Sutlej river. (Then enters विश्वामित्र. Saluting the river.)

विश्वामित्र – How to cross the river-flow? How to save cows? How shall I ask them a path for crossing? How shall I pray for well-being of rivers.

River (Bias) – Who is this man? Why does he salute and praise us? O noble one, What is the name of the respected one? From where are you calling us?

विश्वामित्र – Omother, I am विश्वामित्र. I have come from a far along with chariots and carts. We all are eager to go to the other bank.

River (Sutlaj) – O great brahmin, your speech is really sweet. It pleases us. Please tell, how shall we assist you?

विश्वामित्र – O mother, please listen to my request. Will you please become shallow for me? Please attenuate (moderate) the water force by which we can go to the other bank easily.

River (Bias) – Indeed, the Lord इंद्र has given me the path having killed the demon, released the flow of the river. I should not insult it, (or else) the Lord will be displeased / angry with us. (Hence), O विश्वामित्र, forgive me. There can’t be cessation ever.

Both rivers – O विश्वामित्र, We can’t stop for you. We can’t interfere in the Lord’s task.

विश्वामित्र – O mother, please do not disregard the Lord Indra’s words. We just wish to go to the other bank. O mother, please favour me. We all are your sons. We shall never forget your favour. We will not behave (wrong) due to which you will be discredited. This (indeed) is my pledge.

River (Bias) – What? Does this man call me mother?

River (Sutlej) – How would a mother not help her child? O, great man, very good. But what if your descendants forget this promise?

विश्वामित्र – No mother. This is not possible. (This won’t happen) may all rivers flow happily? May all people be happy. (विश्वामित्र exits).

कीर्तनकार – In this way, विश्वामित्र, pleasing both rivers went to the other bank. O listeners, In this way, rivers and people having gratified each other, expanded the culture. The river flows, The culture is developed and People are risen up (advanced) due to favour of the river.

Farmers are happy, The earth is delighted. The earth is independent in terms of food grains (because of fertility) and bountiful. The river water is obstructed and controlled by bridges. The generator is placed here (and) the life is gleaned.

O listeners, In this way, with the help of rivers itself, human life has prospered. Now tell (me), Do we all, the descendants of (विश्वामित्र) keep his promise even today?

शब्दार्थाः

1. श्रोतृवृन्दः – audience – श्रोतृगण
2. सङ्गमः – union – संगम
3. जलौघः – water flow – पाण्याचा ओघ
4. वज्रहस्त: – Lord Indra – इंद्रदेव
5. विराम: – stop/halt – थांबा
6. मर्त्यः – man – मनुष्य
7. लङ्घनीयः – fit to cross – ओलांडण्यायोग्य
8. याचितव्यः – worthy to be asked for – याचना करण्यायोग्य
9. प्रदत्तवान् – has given – दिला आहे
10. विमुक्तवान् – released – मुक्त केला आहे
11. आक्रामन् – crossing – ओलांडून जाणारा
12. अभ्यर्थना – request – विनंती
13. गाधा – shallow – उथळ
14. अवज्ञा – disregard – अपमान
15. प्रफुल्लिता – shines – सुंदर दिसत आहे
16. कृतज्ञता – gratitude – कृतज्ञता
17. जीवनदायिनी – giver of life – जीवन देणारी
18. जनित्रम् – generator – जनित्र
19. श्रवणीयम् – worth listening – ऐकण्याजोगे
20. आर्या: – good people – सृजन
21. वंशजा: – descendants – वंशज
22. अधिक्षेपम् – insult – अवमान
23. शकटैः – with carts – गाड्यांसहित
24. रङ्गमछे – on the stage – रंगमंचावर
25. पर्वणि – on the festival – उत्सवसमयी
26. विप्रवर – O great brahmin – हे ब्राह्मणश्रेष्ठा
27. स्तौति – praises – स्तुती करतो
28. आह्वयति – approaches – बोलावतो
29. रजयति – pleases – आनंदित करतो/ते
30. स्वल्पीभवतु – may attenuate – कमी होवो
31. प्रसीद – please do favour – कृपा करा
32. हत्वा – having killed – मारून
33. प्रीणयित्वा – gratifying – संतुष्ट करुन
34. इत्थम् – in this manner – अशा रितीने
35. प्राशनार्थम् – for drinking – पिण्यासाठी
36. विद्युनिर्माणथम् – for generating electricity – वीज निर्माण करण्यासाठी
37. सन्निधिं कुरु – may unite – संगम होवो
38. अपि वचनम् – do we keep a – आपण वचन
39. अनुसरामः – promise? – पाळतो का?

Aamod Sanskrit Book 10th Class Solutions

• आद्यकृषक: पृथुवैन्यः Class 10 Question Answer
• व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Class 10 Question Answer
• सूक्तिसुधा Class 10 Question Answer
• अमूल्यं कमलम् Class 10 Question Answer
• स एव परमाणुः Class 10 Question Answer
• युग्ममाला Class 10 Question Answer
• संस्कृतनाट्ययुग्मम् Class 10 Question Answer
• वाचनप्रशंसा Class 10 Question Answer
• धेनोर्व्याघ्रः पलायते Class 10 Question Answer
• नदीसूक्तम् Class 10 Question Answer
• जटायुशौर्यम् Class 10 Question Answer
• आदिशङ्कराचार्यः Class 10 Question Answer
• चित्रकाव्यम् Class 10 Question Answer
• प्रतिपदं संस्कृतम् Class 10 Question Answer
• मानवताधर्मः Class 10 Question Answer

Class 10th Sanskrit Aamod Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions Amod Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 10 Sanskrit Chapter 2 Question Answer

Sanskrit Amod Std 10 Digest Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Textbook Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम्‌ :

1. पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
अरण्ये कौ निवसतः स्म ?
उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अरण्ये मृग: काक:च निवसतः स्म।

प्रश्न आ.
काकः किम् उपादिशत् ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
काक: उपादिशत्, “अकस्मादागन्तुना सह मित्रता न युक्ता।”

प्रश्न इ.
मृगः प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गत्वा किम् अकरोत् ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मृगः प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गत्वा सस्यम् अखादत् ।

प्रश्न ई.
क्षुद्रबुद्धिः कुत्र निभृतं स्थितः ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
क्षुद्रबुद्धिः समीपमेव वक्षस्य पृष्ठतः निभृतं स्थितः।

प्रश्न उ.
शृगालः केन हतः ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
क्षेत्रपतिना क्षिप्तेन लगुडेन शृगालः हतः।

2. कः कं वदति ?

प्रश्न अ.
‘वनेऽस्मिन् एकं सस्यपूर्ण क्षेत्रमस्ति ।’
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
जम्बूक; मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न आ.
‘मित्र, छिन्धि तावन्मम बन्धनम् ।’
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मृग: जम्बूकं वदति।

प्रश्न इ.
‘स वञ्चक: क्वास्ते ?’
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
काकः मृगं वदति।

3. प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
शृगालः मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत् ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
शृगाल: केन सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत् ?

प्रश्न आ.
प्रदोषकाले मृगमन्विष्यन् काकः क्षेत्रे उपस्थितः।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
कदा मृगमन्विष्यन् काकः क्षेत्रे उपस्थितः?

प्रश्न इ.
स: वृक्षस्य पृष्ठतः निभृतं स्थितः।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
स: वृक्षस्य पृष्ठतः कथं स्थितः?

4. उत्तरपदं लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. काकोऽवदत् = काकः + …………… ।
आ. मृगेणोक्तम् = मृगेण + …………… ।
इ. जम्बूकोऽयम् = जम्बूकः + ………….. ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अ. काकोऽवदत् – काकः + अवदत्।
आ. मृगेणोक्तम् – मृगेण + उक्तम्।
इ. जम्बूकोऽयम् – जम्बूकः + अयम्।

5. पूर्वपदं लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. मृगोऽब्रवीत् = …………….. + अब्रवीत्
आ. वातेनोदरम् = …………… + उदरम्
इ. मृतोऽसि = ………………. + असि
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अ. मृगोऽब्रवीत् – मृगः + अब्रवीत्।
आ. वातेनोदरम् – वातेन + उदरम्।
इ. मृतोऽसि – मृत: + असि।

6. सूचनानुसारं कृती: कुरुत ।

ऊ. त्वं सत्वरं पलायिष्यसे । (‘त्वं’ स्थाने ‘भवान्’ योजयत ।)

प्रश्न अ.
मृगः प्रत्यहं तत्र गत्वा सस्यम् अखादत्। (त्वान्त-अव्ययं निष्कासयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
मृगः प्रत्यहं तत्र अगच्छत् सस्यम् अखादत् च।

प्रश्न आ.
मित्र छिन्धि तावन्मम बन्धनम् । (लकारं लिखत ।)
उत्तरम् :
लोट्लकार:

प्रश्न इ.
वयम् आनन्देन एकत्र निवसामः । (लट्लकारस्थाने लङ्लकारं योजयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
वयम् आनन्देन एकत्र न्यवसाम।

प्रश्न ई.
त्वं पादान्स्तब्धीकृत्य तिष्ठ । (‘त्वं’ स्थाने ‘भवान्’ योजयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
भवान् पादान्स्तब्धीकृत्य तिष्ठतु ।

प्रश्न उ.
भवानपि अपरिचितः एव आसीत् । (‘भवान्’ स्थाने ‘त्वं’ योजयत ।)
उत्तरम् :
भवान् पादास्तब्धीकृत्य पलायिष्यते।

7. स्तम्भमेलनं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
स्तम्भमेलनं कुरुत।

‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

विशेषणम्	विशेष्यम्
1. दृढः	बन्धः
2. क्षिप्तेन	लगुडेन
3. एकस्मिन्	दिने
4. लगुडहस्तः	क्षेत्रपतिः

8. जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.
जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।

‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

9. तालिकां पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.

(मञ्जूषा – त्रायस्व माम्, दर्शयामि त्वाम्, दृढोऽयं बन्धः, छिन्धि मम बन्धनम्)
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

जम्बूकः	मृगः
दर्शयामि त्वाम्।	त्रायस्व माम्।
दृढोऽयं बन्धः	छिन्धि मम बन्धनम्

प्रश्न 2.

(मञ्जूषा – अलं विवादेन, कोऽयं द्वितीयः?, एवमस्तु, अस्मत्सख्यम् इच्छति ।)
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

मृगः	काकः
अलं विवादेन।	कोऽयं द्वितीयः?
अस्मत्सख्यम् इच्छति।	एवमस्तु।

10. माध्यमभाषया उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
‘स नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ इति वचनं कथायाः आधारेण स्पष्टीकुरुत ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा या कथेच्या संदर्भात ‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ ही उक्ती आलेली दिसून येते. हितोपदेश या पुस्तकात मित्रलाभ 1.3. या प्रकरणात ही कथा आवळते. धूर्त कोल्हा हरिणाला त्याच्या शब्दांमध्ये फसवितो व त्याच्याशी मैत्री करतो. कोल्हा हरिणाला धान्यांनी भरलेले एक शेत दाखवितो.

साहजिकच हरिणाच्या मनात धान्याबद्दल हाव निर्माण होते. पण नंतर, शेताच्या मालकाने टाकलेल्या जाळ्यात हरिण अडकते. हरिणाने कोल्ह्याकडे मदत मागताच धूर्त कोल्हा जाळे घट्ट असल्याचे सांगतो. त्यामुळे तो तोडण्यास समर्थ नाही असे दर्शवितो.

हरिणाला कोल्ह्याचा धूर्तपणा हळूहळू लक्षात येतो. कावळ्याचे न ऐकल्याचा त्याला पश्चात्ताप होतो. जेव्हा कावळा हरिणाला शोधत शोधत हरिणाजवळ पोहोचतो, तेव्हा तो ‘स: नर: शत्रुनन्दनः’ हा श्लोक उद्धृत करतो. या श्लोकाचा अर्थ असा, की, “जो आपल्या मित्रांचा, हितचिंतकांचा सल्ला ऐकत नाही, तो संकटात सापडतो व त्याच्या शāना आनंदित करतो, त्यांचे शत्रुत्व ओढून घेतो.

हरिणाने अनोळखी प्राण्यांशी (कोल्ह्याशी) मैत्री न करण्याचा कावळ्याचा सल्ला ऐकला नाही व कोल्ह्याशी मैत्री केल्याने अखेर त्याला जाळ्यात अडकावे लागले. म्हणजे तो संकटात सापडला व हरिणाला शत्रुनन्दन हे विशेषण लागू पडले. ‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ इति वचनं कथायाः आधारेण स्पष्टीकुरुत।

‘सः नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ occurs in the context of the story व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा. It is found in the chapter 1.3 of मित्रलाभ, in हितोपदेश. The crooked jackal trapped the deer in its words. It intentionally showed the deer a field full of grains. Due to greed for the grains, the deer got caught in the net set by the owner of the field. When the deer asked the jackal for his help, it cleverly answered, the net is tendon, so it can’t break it.

The deer understood the jackal’s plan. It repented for not listening to the crow’s advice. When crow came searching for him, It uttered the verse सुडदा …..स: नर:शत्रुनन्दन: which means, “The one who does not listen to the words of well-wishing friends, calamity becomes his neighbour and he pleases enemies.” The deer disregarded crow’s advice of not making friendship with strangers. It had friendship with a deceitful jackal and was finally trapped in the net. Seeing him caught in the net, the jackal became happy.

In this way, the deer proved himself as शत्रुनन्दन, the one whopleases enemies as the deer also pleased the mind of the crooked jackal.

प्रश्न आ.
काकेन क: उपायः उक्त : ?
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा या कथेच्या संदर्भात ‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ ही उक्ती आलेली दिसून येते. हितोपदेश या पुस्तकात मित्रलाभ 1.3. या प्रकरणात ही कथा आढळते. शेताच्या मालकाने हरिणाला जाळ्यात अडकविले. कावळा हरिणाला शोधत तेथे आला. कावळ्याने विचारले असता हरिणाने सर्व हकीकत त्याला सांगितली. कोल्ह्याच्या धूर्तपणामुळे हरिण जाळ्यात अडकले होते.

कावळ्याने हरिणाला मेल्यासारखे दर्शविण्यास सांगितले, तसेच कावळ्याने हरिणाला पोट फुगवायला व पायही स्तब्ध ठेवण्यास सांगितले. कावळ्याच्या म्हणण्यानुसार वागल्यामुळे शेताच्या मालकाला हरिण मृत असल्याचा भास झाला. शेताचा मालक हरिणाजवळ आला व जाळे काढले. ठरल्याप्रमाणे कावळ्याने काव-काव असा आवाज केला. आवाज ऐकताच हरिण उठले व पटकन पळून गेले. कावळ्याने शोधलेल्या या उपायामुळे व त्याच्या चातुर्यामुळे हरिणाचे प्राण वाचले.

‘स: नरः शत्रुनन्दनः’ occurs in the context of the story व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा. It is found in the chapter 1.3 of मित्रलाभ, in हितोपदेश. The deer was trapped in the net set by the owner of the field. The crow came in search of the deer. The crow saw the trapped deer. The deer narrated the account of a deceitful jackal.

The crow told the deer to pretend to be dead by blowing up its belly with air and told to keep legs stiff. The crow gave the deer an idea of running away. The deer followed likewise. The owner of the field thought the deer is certainly dead. So, he released the deer. At the same time, the crow made alarming sound and the deer ran away quickly. The crow’s wisdom and true friendship with the deer saved the deer’s life.

11. अमरकोषात् समानार्थकं शब्द योजयित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
अरण्ये मृगः काकः च स्नेहेन निवसतः ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
अरण्ये कुरङ्गः / वातायुः / हरिणः / अजिनयोनिः काकः च सेहेन निवसतः।

प्रश्न आ.
जम्बूकः तेन सह मृगस्य निवासस्थानं गतः ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
शृगालः / वञ्चकः / क्रोष्टा / फेरुः / फेरव: तेन सह मृगस्य निवासस्थानं गतः ।

प्रश्न इ.
मृगमन्विष्यन् काक: तत्र उपस्थितः ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌
मृगमन्विष्यन् करटः / अरिष्टः / बलिपुष्टः / सकृत्प्रज: तत्र उपस्थितः।

12. विरुद्धार्थकशब्द लिखत ।
दृढः, मैत्री, बद्धः, प्रभूतम् ।

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्द लिखत ।
दृढः, मैत्री, बद्धः, प्रभूतम् ।
‌उत्तरम्‌ :‌

1. दृढः × शिथिलः।
2. मैत्री × शत्रुत्वम्, वैरम्।
3. बद्धः × मुक्तः ।
4. प्रभूतम् × अल्पम, स्तोकम, स्वल्पम्, न्यूनम्।

उपक्रम :
1. पाठात् उपपदविभक्तियुक्तानि वाक्यानि चित्वा लिखत ।
2. पाठात् शतृरूपाणि चित्वा लिखत ।

Sanskrit Amod Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 2 व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Additional Important Questions and Answers

अवबोधनम्।

(क) उचितं कारणं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
शृगालः मृगेण सह सख्यम् इच्छति यतः
(अ) शृगाल: मृगमांसं खादितुम् इच्छति।
(ब) शृगालः मृगे स्निह्यति।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) शृगाल: मृगमांसं खादितुम् इच्छति।

(ख) उचितं पर्यायं चित्वा वाक्यं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
शृगालः स्वार्थहतुना ………… सह मैत्रम् ऐच्छत्। (मृगेण / काकेन)
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः स्वार्थहतुना मगेण सह मैत्रम् ऐच्छत्।

(ग) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
क: चित्राङ्गम् अपश्यत्?
उत्तरम् :
गाल: चित्राङ्गम् अपश्यत्।

प्रश्न 2.
शृगालस्य नाम किम् आसीत्?
उत्तरम् :
शृगालस्य नाम क्षुद्रबुद्धिः आसीत्।

प्रश्न 3.
शृगालः किमर्थं मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत्?
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः स्वार्थहेतुं पूरयितुं मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत्।

प्रश्न 4.
कदा क्षुद्रबुद्धिः निवासस्थानं गतः?
उत्तरम् :
अस्तङ्गते सवितरि क्षुद्रबुद्धिः निवासस्थानं गतः।

प्रश्न 5.
जम्बूकः किम् इच्छति?
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मृगशृगालयोः सख्यम् इच्छति।

(घ) वाक्यं पुनर्लिखित्वा सत्यम्/असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

1. अरण्ये एकाक्ष: नाम मृगः चित्राङ्ग नाम काक: निवसतः स्म।
2. शुदबुद्धिः उदिते सवितरि (सूर्योदये) निवासस्थानं गतः।
3. अकस्मात् आगन्तुना सह मैत्री युक्ता।

उत्तरम् :

1. असत्यम्।
2. असत्यम्।
3. असत्यम्।

(च) कः कं वदति।

प्रश्न 1.
“सखे चित्राङ्ग, कोऽयं द्वितीयः?”
उत्तरम् :
काक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 2.
“जम्बूकोऽयम्। अस्मत्सख्यम् इच्छति।”
उत्तरम् :
मृगः काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 3.
“अकस्मादागन्तुना सह मित्रता न युक्ता।”
उत्तरम् :
काक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 4.
मृगस्य प्रथमदर्शने भवानपि अपरिचितः एव आसीत्।
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 5.
यथायं मृगः मम बन्धुः तथा भवानपि।
उत्तरम् :
शृगालः काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 6.
अलं विवादेन।
उत्तरम् :
मृग: काकशृगालौ वदति।

प्रश्न 7.
वयं सर्वे आनन्देन एकत्र निवसामः ।
उत्तरम् :
मृगः काकशृगाली वदति।

प्रश्न 8.
एवमस्तु।
उत्तरम् :
काकः मृगशृगाली वदति।

शब्दज्ञानम्।

(क) सन्धिविग्रहं कुरूत।

1. चित्राङ्गो नाम – चित्राङ्गः + नाम ।
2. एकाक्षो नाम – एकाक्ष: + नाम।
3. काकश्च – काकः + च।
4. केनापि – केन+अपि।
5. कोऽयम् – क + अयम्।
6. अकस्मादागन्तुना – अकस्मात् + आगन्तुना।
7. तदाकर्ण्य – तत् + आकर्य।
8. भवानपि – भवान् + अपि।
9. यथायम् – यथा + अयम्।
10. काकेनोक्तम् – काकेन + उक्तम्।
11. एवमस्तु – एवम् + अस्तु।

(ख) विशेषण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः।

विशेषणम्	विशेष्यम्
1. भ्रमन्	चित्राङ्गः
2. अस्त गते	सवितर

(ग) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्वा / ट्वा / ढ्वा / इत्वा / अयित्वा	ल्यबन्त अव्यय – उपसर्ग + धातु + य / त्य
आकर्य	दृष्ट्वा

(घ) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

• प्रथमा – मृगः, काकः, भ्रमन्, सः, अयम्, जम्बूकः, भवान्, बन्धुः, वयम्, सर्वे।
• द्वितीया – सख्यम्, मित्रताम्।
• तृतीया – स्नेहेन, केन, शृगालेन, हेतुना, मृगेण, आगन्तुना, विवादेन, आनन्देन, काकेन।
• पञ्चमी – अस्मत्।
• सप्तमी – वने, सवितरि, दर्शन।

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
1. शृगालः मृगेण सह मित्रताम् ऐच्छत्।
2. जम्बूक: सकोपम् आह।
उत्तरम् :
1. लङ्लकारः
2. लङ्लकार:

क्रमेण योजयत।

प्रश्न 1.

1. मृगकाकयोः नेहेन निवासः।
2. काकस्य उपदेशः।
3. मृगकाकशृगालानाम् एकत्र निवासः।
4. शुगालस्य मृगेण सह मित्रता।

उत्तरम् :

1. मृगकाकयोः स्नेहेन निवासः।
2. शृगालस्य मृगेण सह मित्रता।
3. काकस्य उपदेशः।
4. मृगकाकशृगालानाम् एका निवासः।

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः

1. अरण्यम् – काननम्, वनम्, विपिनम्, अटवी।
2. मृगः – हरिणः, कुरङ्गः, वातायुः, अजिनयोनिः ।
3. काकः – वायसः, करटः, ध्वाक्षः, अरिष्टः, बलिपुष्टः, सकृत्प्रजः।
4. शृगालः – जम्बूकः, वाकः, क्रोष्टा, फेरुः, फेरवः।

(क) उचितं कारणं चित्त्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
जम्बूक: मनसि आनन्दितः यतः
(अ) मृगः पाशे बद्धः।
(ब) जम्बूकस्य अन्येन सह मित्रता अभवत्।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) मृग: पाशे बद्धः।

(ख) उचितं पर्यायं चित्त्वा वाक्यं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

1. फलितं मे ……………..। (प्रयोजनम् / मनोरथम्)
2. ………………. मम शरणम्। (शत्रवः / सुहद:)
3. बने …………. क्षेत्रम् अस्ति। (सस्यविहीनं / सस्ययुक्त)

उत्तरम् :

1. मनोरथम्
2. सुहृदः
3. सस्ययुक्तं

(ग) पूर्णवाक्येन लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
केन मृगस्य कृते पाशः योजितः?
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्रपतिना मृगस्य कृते पाश: योजितः।

प्रश्न 2.
मृगं पाशैर्बद्धं दृष्ट्वा क: मनसि आनन्दितः?
उत्तरम् :
मृगं पाशैर्वद्धं दृष्ट्वा जम्बूक: मनसि आनन्दितः।

प्रश्न 3.
जम्बूक: मनसि किम् अचिन्तयत्?
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मनसि अचिन्तयत्, ‘यत् फलितं मे मनोरथम्। इदानीं प्रभूतं भोजनं प्राप्स्यामि ।’

प्रश्न 4.
मृग: जम्बूकं दृष्ट्वा किम् अब्रवीत्?
उत्तरम् :
मृगः जम्बूकं दृष्ट्वा अब्रवीत्, “मित्र, छिन्धि तावन्मम बन्धनम्। त्रायस्व माम्।” इति ।

(घ) कः कं वदति।

प्रश्न 1.
दर्शयामि त्वाम्।
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 2.
दृढोऽयं बन्धः।
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 3.
स्नायुनिर्मितान् पाशानेतान् कथं वा व्रतदिवसे स्मृशामि।
उत्तरम् :
जम्बूकः मृगं वदति।

(च) वाक्यं पुनलिखित्वा सत्यम् / असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

1. मृगः शृगालं सस्यपूर्ण क्षेत्रम् अदर्शयत्।
2. मृगः प्रतिदिन क्षेत्रे सस्यम् अखादत्।
3. जम्बूकः पाशैर्बद्धः।
4. जम्बूक: मनसि खिन्नः जातः।
5. जम्बूक: मृगं साहाय्यम् अकरोत्।
6. जम्बूक: निभृतं स्थितः।

उत्तरम् :

1. असत्यम्।
2. सत्यम्।
3. असत्यम्।
4. असत्यम्।
5. असत्यम्।
6. सत्यम्।

शब्दज्ञानम् ।

(क) सन्धिविग्रहः।

1. किञ्चित्कालानन्तरम् – किञ्चित् + कालानन्तरम् ।
2. वनेऽस्मिन् – बने + अस्मिन्।
3. क्षेत्रमस्ति – क्षेत्रम् + अस्ति ।
4. तत्रागतः – तत्र + आगतः।
5. पाशैर्बद्धः – पाशैः + बद्धः।
6. मित्राण्येव – मित्राणि + एव।
7. सोऽचिन्तयत् – स: + अचिन्तयत्।
8. मृगस्तम् – मृगः + तम्।
9. तावन्मम – तावत् + मम।
10. जम्बूको दूरादेवावदत् – जम्बूक: + दुरात् + एव + अवदत्।
11. दृढोऽयम् – दृढ : + अयम्।
12. पाशानेतान् – पाशान् + एतान्।
13. इत्युक्त्वा . इति + उक्त्वा ।
14. समीपमेव – समीपम् + एव।

(ख) विशेषाण – विशेष्य – सम्बन्धः।

विशेषणम्	विशेष्यम्
1. सस्यपूर्णम्	क्षेत्रम्
2. मगः	बद्धः
3. प्रभूतम	भोजनम्
4. स्नायुनिर्मितान्	पाशान्

(ग) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा/ध्वा/ट्वा/वा/इत्वा/अयित्वा

दृष्ट्वा, उक्त्वा

(घ) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

• प्रथमा – शृगालः, पाशः, सः, जम्बूकः, अयम्, बन्धः, मिवाणि।
• द्वितीया – मृगम्, क्षेत्रम्, एकम, त्वाम्, भोजनम्, तम्, माम, पाशान, एतान्।
• तृतीया – क्षेत्रपतिना, पाशैः।
• पशमी – दूरात्। षष्ठी – वृक्षस्य, मम।
• सप्तमी – एकस्मिन्, दिने, मनसि, व्रतदिवसे।
• सम्बोधन – मित्र।

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
1. प्रभूतं भोजनं प्राप्स्यामि।
2. त्रायस्व माम्।
उत्तरम् :
1. लृट्लकार:
2. लोट्लकार:

क्रमेण योजयत।

(क)

प्रश्न 1.

1. क्षेत्रपतिना पाशयोजनम्।
2. शृगालेन मृगाय सस्यपूर्णक्षेत्रस्य दर्शनम्।
3. मृगस्य पाशबन्धनम्।
4. मृगस्य प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गमनम्।

उत्तरम् :

1. शृगालेन मृगाय सस्यपूर्णक्षेत्रस्य दर्शनम्।
2. मृगस्य प्रत्यहं क्षेत्रं गमनम्।
3. क्षेत्रपतिना पाशयोजनम्।
4. मृगस्य पाशबन्धनम्।

(ख)

प्रश्न 1.

1. मृगः पाशैर्बद्धः।
2. मृगः सस्यम् अखादत्।
3. जम्बूक; मनसि आनन्दितः।
4. क्षेत्रपतिना पाश: योजितः।

उत्तरम् :

1. मृगः सस्यम् अखादत्।
2. क्षेत्रपतिना पाश: योजितः।
3. मृगः पाशैर्बद्धः।
4. जम्बूक: मनसि आनन्दितः ।

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः

1. कालः – समयम, वेला।
2. प्रत्यहम् – प्रतिदिनम्।
3. सस्यम् – धान्यम्।
4. गत्वा उपगम्य।
5. क्षेत्रपतिः – सस्यपालः।
6. इदानीम् – सम्पति, साम्प्रतम्।
7. मनसि – चित्ते, चेतसि, अन्त:करणे।
8. आनन्दितः – प्रमुदितः, हर्षितः, प्रहृष्टः।
9. मनोरथम् – मनोकामना, मनीषा, ईहा।
10. प्रभूतम् – भूरि, विपुलम्, पुष्कलम्, प्रचुरम्।

(ख) विरुद्धार्थकशब्दाः

1. अनन्तरम् × पूर्वम्, प्राक्।

अवबोधनम् ।

(क) उचितं कारणं चित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
मृगः क्षेत्रपतिना बद्धः यतः ……….
(अ) मृगः क्षेत्रपतेः शत्रुः आसीत्।
(ब) मृगः सुहद्वाक्यस्य अनादरम् अकरोत्।
उत्तरम् :
(ब) मृगः सुहृद्वाक्यस्य अनादरम् अकरोत्।

प्रश्न 2.
शृगालः हत: यत:
(अ) क्षेत्रपतिना लगुडं क्षिप्तम्।
(ब) काकः शृगालम् अमारयत्।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) क्षेत्रपतिना लगुडं क्षिप्तम्।

प्रश्न 3.
क्षेत्रपतिः मृगं बन्धनात् व्यमुशत् यतः
(अ) सः ‘मृगः मृतः’ इति चिन्तितवान् ।
(ब) पाशबद्धं मृगं दृष्ट्वा तस्य हृदयं करुणया अद्रवत्।
उत्तरम् :
(अ) सः ‘मृगः मृतः’ इति चिन्तितवान्।

(ख) पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
क्षेत्रपतिः कदा हस्ते लगुडं धृत्वा आगच्छत् ?
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्रपतिः प्रभाते हस्ते लगुडं धृत्वा आगच्छत्।

प्रश्न 2.
केन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकित:?
उत्तरम् :
काकेन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकितः।

प्रश्न 3.
क्षेत्रपतिना मृगं विलोक्य किम् उक्तम्?
उत्तरम् :
क्षेत्रपतिना मृगं विलोक्य उक्तं, “आ ! स्वयं मृतोऽसि।”

प्रश्न 4.
मृगः कदा पलायित:?
उत्तरम् :
काकशब्द श्रुत्वा मृग: पलायितः।

(ग) वाक्यं पुनलिखित्वा सत्यम् / असत्यम् इति लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

1. काकः सायङ्काले मृगमन्विष्यन् आगतः।
2. मृगः मृतः आसीत्।
3. मृगः मृतवत् संदर्शयत्।
4. मृगः शनैः शनै: पलायितः।
5. क्षेत्रपतिना क्षिप्तेन लगुडेन जम्बूक: हतः।
6. क्षेत्रपति: मृगं बन्धनात् व्यमुञ्चत्।

उत्तरम् :

1. सत्यम्।
2. असत्यम्।
3. सत्यम्।
4. असत्यम्।
5. सत्यम्।
6. सत्यम्।

(घ) कः कं वदति?

प्रश्न 1.
“सखे ! किमेतत् ?”
उत्तरम् :
काक: मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 2.
सुहद्वाक्यस्य अनादरात् बद्धोऽहम्।
उत्तरम् :
मृग: काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 3.
मन्मांसार्थी तिष्ठति अत्रैव ।
उत्तरम् :
मृग: काकं वदति।

प्रश्न 4.
उपायस्तावत् चिन्तनीयः।
उत्तरम् :
काकः मृगं वदति।

प्रश्न 5.
त्वमात्मानं मृतवत्संदर्शय।
उत्तरम् :
काकः मृगं वदति।

शब्दज्ञानम्

(क) सन्धिविग्रहः।

1. मृगमन्विष्यन् – मृगम् + अन्विष्यन् ।
2. काकस्तत्रोपस्थितः – काक: + तत्र + उपस्थितः।
3. किमेतत् – किम् + एतत्।
4. बद्धोऽहम् – बद्धः + अहम्।
5. स्वास्ते – क्व + आस्ते।
6. तिष्ठत्यत्रैव – तिष्ठति + अत्र + एव।
7. उपायस्तावत् उपाय: + तावत्।
8. क्षेत्रपतिलगुडहस्तः – क्षेत्रपतिः + लगुडहस्तः।
9. काकेनावलोकितः – काकेन + अवलोकितः।
10. तमालोक्य – तम् + आलोक्य।
11. काकेनोक्तम् – काकेन + उक्तम्।
12. त्वमात्मानम् – त्वम् + आत्मानम्।
13. मृतवत्संदर्शय – मृतवत् + संदर्शय।
14. पादास्तब्धीकृत्य – पादान् + स्तब्धीकृत्य ।
15. यदाहम् – यदा + अहम्।
16. त्वमुत्थाय – त्वम् + उत्थाय।
17. मृगस्तथैव – मृग: + तथा + एव।
18. उक्तञ्च – उक्त म् + च।
19. तमुद्दिश्य – तम् + उहिश्य।
20. शृगालस्तावद् हतः – शृगालः + तावत् + हतः।

(ग) त्वान्त-ल्यबन्त-तुमन्त-अव्ययानि ।

त्वान्त अव्यय धातु + त्वा / ध्वा / ट्वा / ढ्वा / इत्वा / अयित्वा	ल्यबन्त अव्यय उपसर्ग + धातु + या / त्य
दृष्ट्वा, पूरयित्वा, श्रुत्वा	आलोक्य, स्तब्धीकृत्य, उद्दिश्य, उत्थाय

(घ) विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि ।

• प्रथमा – काकः, सः,अहम, यः, नरः, वञ्चकः, क्षेत्रपतिः, आगच्छन्, त्वम्, मृगः, शृगालः।
• द्वितीया – मृगम्, किम्, एतत्, तम्, आत्मानम्, उदरम्, पादान्, शब्दम्।
• तृतीया – मृगेण, काकेन, वातेन, क्षेत्रपतिना, लगुडेन।
• पञ्चमी – अनादरात्, बन्धनात्।
• षष्ठी – वाक्यस्य, सुहृदाम, हितकामानाम, तस्य।
• सप्तमी – प्रदोषकाले, प्रभाते।
• सम्बोधन – सखे, मृग।

(च) लकारं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.

1. मृगं तथाविधं दृष्ट्वा स उवाच।
2. स वशक: क्व आस्ते?
3. त्वमात्मानं मृतवत्संदर्शय।
4. सत्वरं पलायिष्यसे।
5. सः मृगं बन्धनात् व्यमुञ्चत्।

उत्तरम् :

1. लिट्लकारः
2. लट्लकारः
3. लोट्लकार:
4. लट्लकारः
5. लङ्लकार:

क्रमेण योजयत।

(क)

प्रश्न 1.

1. मृगः मृतवत् स्थितः ।
2. शृगाल: लगुडेन हतः।
3. काकेन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकितः।
4. काकेन शब्दः कृतः।

उत्तरम् :

1. काकेन क्षेत्रपति: अवलोकितः।
2. मृगः मृतवत् स्थितः।
3. काकेन शब्दः कृतः।
4. शृगाल: लगुडेन हतः।

भाषाभ्यासः

(क) समानार्थकशब्दाः

1. प्रदोषकालः – सन्ध्याकालः।
2. सुहृद् – सखा, मित्रम्।
3. विपत् – आपत्तिः, सङ्कटम्।
4. आलोक्य – अवलोक्य, विलोक्य, वीक्ष्य।
5. वातेन – पवनेन, वायुना।
6. सत्वरम् – शीघ्रम्, तूर्णम्, झटिति, आशु।

(ख) विरुद्धार्थकशब्दाः

1. सुहद् × शत्रुः, अरिः, वैरी।
2. अनादरात् × आदरात्।
3. मृतः × जीवितः।
4. सत्वरम् × शनैः शनैः।

लेखनकौशलम्

समासाः

समस्तपदम्	अर्थ	समासविग्रहः	समासनाम
मृगशृगालो	deer and jackal	मृगः च शृगाल: च।	इतरेतर द्वन्द्व समास
प्रत्यहम्	every day	अहनि अहनि।	अव्ययीभाव समास
सकोपम्	with anger	कोपेन सह।	अव्ययीभाव समास
अपरिचितः	not known	न परिचितः।	नञ्तत्पुरुष समास
क्षेत्रपतिः	owner of the field(s)	क्षेत्रस्य / क्षेत्राणां पतिः।	षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास
क्षुदबुद्धिः	he who has mean intellect	क्षुद्रा बुद्धिः यस्य सः।	बहुव्रीहि समास
लगुडहस्तः	he who hasastick in the hand	लगुडं हस्ते यस्य सः।	बहुव्रीहि समास

व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Summary in Marathi and English

Introduction:

हितोपदेश is an ancient Indian text in Sanskrit language consisting of fables of animals and human Characters. It incorporates maxims, wordly wisdoms and morals on political affairs in a simple and entertaining manner.

नारायण पंडित is considered to be the author of this book. His purpose behind composing हीतोपदेश is to give knowledge to be wise. This is done through moral stories in which birds, beasts and humans interact. हितोपदेश has four sections – मित्रलाभ, सुहृद्भेद, विग्रह, सन्धि.

The story of the lesson व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा is found in the chapter 1.3 of “मित्रलाभ’. The repercussion of trusting strangers is well brought out through the story of deer, jackal and crow.

प्रस्तावना :

हितोपदेश हे प्राणी व मानवी पात्रांनी युक्त कथांचे भारतीय पुस्तक आहे. यात नीतिसूत्रे, उपदेशात्मक वचने, तसेच राजकीय संबंधावर आधारित मूल्ये यांचे सहज व रोचक पद्धतीने स्पष्टीकरण केलेले आहे. नारायण पंडित हा या ग्रंथाचा कर्ता मानला जातो. योग्य आचरण शिकवणे हा त्याचा यामागील हेतू आहे. पक्षी, प्राणी व मानव यांच्या परस्पर संभाषणातून हे त्याने व्यक्त केले आहे.

हितोपदेशाचे चार भाग आहेत.

1. मित्रलाभ
2. सुहृद्भेद
3. विग्रह
4. सन्धि

‘व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा’ या पाठाचा कथाभाग ‘मित्रलाभ’ या भागातील 1.3 या प्रकरणात सापडतो. अनोळखी व्यक्तीवर विश्वास ठेवल्याचे दुष्परिणाम हरिण, कोल्हा व कावळ्याच्या गोष्टीद्वारे उत्तमरीत्या कथन केले आहेत.

परिच्छेदः, शब्दार्थाः, अनुवादः

परिच्छेदः 1

अस्ति कश्चित् ……………. एवमस्तु।.

अनुवादः

चंपक नावाचे एक जंगल होते. जंगलात चित्रांग नावाचे हरिण व एकाक्ष नावाचा कावळा प्रेमाने (एकत्र) राहत होते. एकदा चित्रांग वनात भटकत असताना कोण्या एका कोल्ह्याने त्याला पाहिले. क्षुद्रबुद्धी नावाच्या त्या कोल्ह्याची स्वार्थापोटी हरिणाबरोबर मैत्री करण्याची इच्छा होती. सूर्यास्त झाल्यावर, क्षुद्रबुद्धी हरिणाबरोबर हरिणाच्या घरी गेला.

हरिण व कोल्ह्याला पाहून कावळा म्हणाला, “अरे मित्रा चित्रांग! ह्य दुसरा कोण आहे ?” हरिण म्हणाले, “हा कोल्हा आहे. त्याला आपल्याबरोबर मैत्री करण्याची इच्छा आहे.” (त्यावर) कावळा म्हणाला “अचानक आलेल्या अपरिचितासोबत मैत्री योग्य नव्हे.” ते ऐकून कोल्हा रागाने म्हणाला, “हरिणाच्या प्रथमदर्शनी तू सुद्धा अनोळखी होतास. ज्याप्रमाणे हे हरिण माझ्या मित्रासमान आहे, त्याप्रमाणे तू आहेस.” हरिण म्हणाले, “(हा) वाद पुरे! आपण सर्व आनंदाने एकत्र राहूया.” कावळा म्हणाला, “असेच होवो.”

There was a certain forest named चंपक. A deer named चित्रांग and acrow named एकाक्ष used to live in the forest affectionately. Once, a certain jackal saw fait who was wandering in the forest. That jackal named yoga wished to befriend the deer with a selfish purpose.

At the time of sunset ya went to deer’s place with the deer. The crow said having seen the dear and the jackal, “Ofriend चित्रांग ! Who is this second (another) one?” The deer said, “This is a jackal. He wishes our friendship.”

(He wishes to befriend us.) The crow advised, “Friendship with a stranger, suddenly, is not appropriate.” Having heard it, the jackal angrily said, “At first sight you were stranger as well. Just as this deer is my friend so too are you.” The deer said, “Enough of this arguement. All of us will live together happily.” The crow said, “May it be so.”

परिच्छेदः 2.

किश्चित्कालानन्तरं ……………… स्थितः।

अनुवादः

मराठी थोड्या वेळानंतर, कोल्हा हरिणाला म्हणाला, ‘या अरण्यात धान्याने भरलेले एक शेत आहे. मी तुला दाखवतो.’ तसे केल्यावर, दररोज हरिण तेथे जाऊन धान्य खात असे. ते पाहून, एके दिवशी शेतमालकाने जाळे टाकले. तेथे आलेले हरिण जाळ्यामध्ये अडकले. त्याने विचार केला, “आता फक्त मित्रच माझा आसरा आहेत.” दूरवरून ते पाहणारा कोल्हा मनातून खूष झाला.

त्याने विचार केला, “माझे ईप्सित फळास आले. आता मला पुष्कळ खाद्य मिळेल.” ते पाहून हरिण म्हणाले, “अरे मित्रा, माझे हे बंध तोडून टाक. मला वाचव.” कोल्हा लांबूनच म्हणाला, “अरे मित्रा, हे बंध (फार) घट्ट आहेत, मी स्नायूंनी बनविलेल्या जाळ्याला उपवासाच्या दिवशी कसे तोंड लावू?” असे म्हणून तो जवळ असलेल्या झाडाच्या मागे स्थिर उभा राहिला.

After some time, the jackal said to the deer, “There is a field, full of grains in this forest. I(will) show (it) to you.’ Having done so, the deer ate the grain, going there everyday. Having seen this, one day a trap was set by the owner of the field. The dear, who had come (arrived) there, was trapped in the net.

He thought, “Now, my friends only are my resort.” The jackal, who was seeing it from a far was delighted in the mind. He thought, “My desire is fulfilled. Now I shall get plenty of food.” Having seen it, the deer said, “O friend, cut through my bonds. Please save me.” The jackal replied from a far “Ofriend, this bond is strong. How can I touch the net made of sinews on my fasting day?” Having said this, he stood steady behind the tree that was nearby.

परिच्छेदः 3.

प्रदोषकाले …………………हतः।

अनुवादः

तिन्हीसांजेच्या वेळी (सायंकाळी), हरिणाला शोधत कावळा तेथे हजर झाला. हरिणाला तशा प्रकारे पाहून तो म्हणाला, “अरे मित्रा ! हे काय?” हरिण म्हणाले, “मित्राच्या शब्दांची अवहेलना केल्यामुळे (शब्दांकडे दुर्लक्ष केल्यामुळे) मी अडकलो.

मराठी आणि म्हटलेले आहे – जो हितचिंतक मित्रांचे शब्द (सल्ला) ऐकत नाही, त्याच्याजवळ विपत्ती (निवास करते), अशी व्यक्ती शजूंना आनंदित करते.” (शत्रुत्व ओढवून घेते) कावळा म्हणाला, “तो (कपटी) फसविणारा कोठे आहे?” हरिण म्हणाले, “माझ्या मांसाच्या हावेने इथेच थांबला आहे.”

कावळा म्हणाला, ‘तर मग (यावर) उपाय शोधला पाहिजे.’ नंतर सकाळी, हातामध्ये काठी घेऊन येणाऱ्या शेतमालकाला कावळ्याने पाहिले. त्याला पाहून कावळा म्हणाला, “मित्रा हरिणा, तू स्वत:ला मेल्यासारखा दाखव.” (तुझे) पोट हवेने फुगवून पाय स्थिर ठेव.

जेव्हा मी आवाज करेन / ओरडेन, तेव्हा तू उठून पटकन पळ.” हरिण तसेच थांबले. शेतमालकाने हरिणाला पाहिले व म्हणाला, “बापरे ! तू तर मेलेला आहेस.” त्याने हरिणाला जाळ्यातून मुक्त केले. नंतर, कावळ्याचे ओरडणे ऐकल्यावर हरिण पटकन पळून गेले. शेताच्या मालकाने त्याला (हरिणाला) रोखून फेकलेल्या काठीने कोल्हा मारला गेला.

English At nightfall, the crow arrived there looking for the deer. Seeing the deer so (trapped) he said, “O friend! What is this?” The deer said, “I was caught (trapped) due to disregarding a friend’s words (advice).

and it is said The one who does not listen to words/advice of friends well-wishing, the calamity is placed close to him. That person is the delight of enemies. The crow said, “where is the deceiver ?” The deer said, “(He) is waiting here itself longing for my flesh.” The crow said, ‘We must think of a solution.’ Then in the morning, the crow saw the owner of the field coming with a stick in the hand.

Seeing him, the crow said, “O friend deer, pretend as if you are dead. Blow your belly with air, stiffen your legs and lie still. When I shall make a sound then, having stood up, you run away quickly The deer stayed accordingly. The owner of the field saw the deer and said, “Oh ! You are dead on your own.” He released the deer from the bonds.

Then, listening to the sound of the crow, the deer ran away quickly. Meanwhile, the stick which was thrown towards the deer by the owner of the field, killed the jackal.

शब्दार्थाः

1. मृग – deer – हरिण
2. काकः – crow – कावळा
3. जम्बूकः – jackal – कोल्हा
4. अवलोकितः – was seen – पाहिले
5. अपरिचितः – stranger – अनोळखी
6. कक्षित् – certain – कोणी एक
7. भ्रमन् – roaming, wandering – भटकत असताना
8. सख्यम् – friendship – मैत्री
9. युक्ता – proper – योग्य
10. शृगालेन – by jackal – कोल्ह्याने
11. स्नेहेन – affectionately प्रेमाने
12. स्वाहतुना – with selfish purpose – स्वार्थापोटी
13. प्रथमदर्शने – at the first sight – प्रथमदर्शनी
14. अस्तङ्गते – at the time of sunset – सूर्यास्त
15. सवितरि – झाल्यावर
16. निवसतः स्म – both used to live – दोघे राहत होते
17. अबूत – said – म्हणाला
18. अब्रवीत् – said – म्हणाला
19. उक्तम् – said – म्हणाला
20. आह – said – म्हणाला
21. आकर्ण्य – having heard – ऐकून
22. अकस्मात् – at once – अचानक
23. सकोपम् – angrily – रागाने
24. आगन्तुना सह – with a stranger – अनोळखी माणसासह
25. दृढः – strong – घट्ट
26. बन्धः – bond – बंध
27. पाश: – noose – जाळे
28. योजितः – arranged – व्यवस्था केली
29. बद्धः – got stuck/caught – अडकले
30. सस्यपूर्णम् – full of grains – धान्ययुक्त
31. क्षेत्रम् – field – शेत
32. शरणम् – resort – आश्रयस्थान, आसरा
33. फलितम् – fulfilled – फळास आले
34. मनोरथम् – desire – ईप्सित/इच्छा
35. स्नायुनिर्मितान् – made of sinews – स्नायूंनी बनलेले
36. क्षेत्रपतिना – by the field-owner – शेतमालकाने
37. व्रतदिवसे – on the day of fast – उपवासादिवशी
38. दर्शयामि – I show – मी दाखवतो
39. प्रापयामि – I shall get – मला मिळेल
40. छिन्धि – you break – तू तोड
41. जायस्व – you save – तू वाचव
42. प्रत्यहम् – every day – दररोज
43. इदानीम् – now – आता
44. प्रभूतम् – plenty of – भरपूर
45. निभृतम् – still – निश्चल
46. तथा कृते – having done so – तसे केल्यावर
47. उपस्थितः – arrived – हजर झाला
48. वञ्चक: – crooked / deceitful – फसविणारा
49. लगुडहस्त: – stick in the hand – काठी हातात घेतलेला
50. हतः – killed – मेलेला
51. अन्विष्यन् – searching – शोधत
52. विपत् – calamity – संकट
53. सन्निहिता – placed close by – जवळ
54. मृतवत् – like dead – मेल्यासारखा
55. सुङद्वाक्यम् – friend’s speech – मित्राचे बोलणे
56. वातेन – with air – हवेने
57. क्षिप्तेन – thrown – फेकलेल्या
58. अनादरात् – due to disrespecting – अवहेलना केल्यामुळे
59. हितकामानाम् – of well-wishers – हितचिंतकांचे
60. प्रदोषकाले – at the nightfall – तिन्हीसांजेला
61. शृणोति – listens – ऐकतो
62. पलायिष्यसे – you will run – पळशील
63. व्यमुञ्चत् – released – मुक्त केले
64. अब्रूत – said – म्हणाला
65. संदर्शय – appear – दाखव
66. उद्दिश्य – pointing – रोखून
67. उत्थाय – having got up – उठून
68. आलोक्य – seeing – पाहून
69. स्तब्धीकृत्य – keeping still – स्थिर / स्तब्ध राहून
70. क्व – where – कोठे
71. उदरं पूरयित्वा – blowing the belly – पोट भरून
72. मन्मांसार्थी – longing for my flesh – माझ्या मांसाच्या हावेने

Aamod Sanskrit Book 10th Class Solutions

• आद्यकृषक: पृथुवैन्यः Class 10 Question Answer
• व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा Class 10 Question Answer
• सूक्तिसुधा Class 10 Question Answer
• अमूल्यं कमलम् Class 10 Question Answer
• स एव परमाणुः Class 10 Question Answer
• युग्ममाला Class 10 Question Answer
• संस्कृतनाट्ययुग्मम् Class 10 Question Answer
• वाचनप्रशंसा Class 10 Question Answer
• धेनोर्व्याघ्रः पलायते Class 10 Question Answer
• नदीसूक्तम् Class 10 Question Answer
• जटायुशौर्यम् Class 10 Question Answer
• आदिशङ्कराचार्यः Class 10 Question Answer
• चित्रकाव्यम् Class 10 Question Answer
• प्रतिपदं संस्कृतम् Class 10 Question Answer
• मानवताधर्मः Class 10 Question Answer

Insurance and Annuity Class 12 Commerce Maths 2 Chapter 2 Miscellaneous Exercise 2 Answers Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf Chapter 2 Insurance and Annuity Miscellaneous Exercise 2 Questions and Answers.

Std 12 Maths 2 Miscellaneous Exercise 2 Solutions Commerce Maths

(I) Choose the correct alternative.

Question 1.
“A contract that pledges payment of an agreed-upon amount to the person (or his/her nominee) on the happening of an event covered against” is technically known as
(a) Death coverage
(b) Saving for future
(c) Life insurance
(d) Provident fund
Answer:
(c) Life insurance

Question 2.
Insurance companies collect a fixed amount from their customers at a fixed interval of time. This amount is called
(a) EMI
(b) Installment
(c) Contribution
(d) Premium
Answer:
(d) Premium

Question 3.
Following are different types of insurance.
I. Life insurance
II. Health insurance
III. Liability insurance
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Only III
(d) All the three
Answer:
(d) All the three

Question 4.
By taking insurance, an individual
(a) Reduces the risk of an accident
(b) Reduces the cost of an accident
(c) Transfers the risk to someone else
(d) Converts the possibility of large loss to the certainty of a small one
Answer:
Converts the possibility of large loss to the certainty of a small one

Question 5.
You get payments of ₹ 8,000 at the beginning of each year for five years ta 6%, what is the value of this annuity?
(a) ₹ 34,720
(b) ₹ 39,320
(c) ₹ 35,720
(d) ₹ 40,000
Answer:
(c) ₹ 35,720

Question 6.
In an ordinary annuity, payments or receipts occur at
(a) Beginning of each period
(b) End of each period
(c) Mid of each period
(d) Quarterly basis
Answer:
(b) End of each period

Question 7.
The amount of money today which is equal to a series of payments in the future is called
(a) Normal value of the annuity
(b) Sinking value of the annuity
(c) Present value of the annuity
(d) Future value of the annuity
Answer:
(c) Present value of the annuity

Question 8.
Rental payment for an apartment is an example of
(a) Annuity due
(b) Perpetuity
(c) Ordinary annuity
(d) Installment
Answer:
(b) Perpetuity

Question 9.
_________ is a series of constant cash flows over a limited period of time.
(a) Perpetuity
(b) Annuity
(c) Present value
(d) Future value
Answer:
(b) Annuity

Question 10.
A retirement annuity is particularly attractive to someone who has
(a) A severe illness
(b) Risk of low longevity
(c) Large family
(d) Chance of high longevity
Answer:
(d) Chance of high longevity

(II) Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
An installment of money paid for insurance is called _________
Answer:
premium

Question 2.
General insurance covers all risks except _________
Answer:
life

Question 3.
The value of insured property is called _________
Answer:
property value

Question 4.
The proportion of property value to insured is called _________
Answer:
policy value

Question 5.
The person who receive annuity is called _________
Answer:
Annuitant

Question 6.
The payment of each single annuity is called _________
Answer:
installment

Question 7.
The intervening time between payment of two successive installments is called as _________
Answer:
payment period

Question 8.
An annuity where payments continue forever is called _________
Answer:
perpetuity

Question 9.
If payments of an annuity fall due at the beginning of every period, the series is called _________
Answer:
annuity due

Question 10.
If payments of an annuity fall due at the end of every period, the series is called annuity _________
Answer:
immediate

(III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

Question 1.
General insurance covers life, fire, and theft.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The amount of claim cannot exceed the amount of loss.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Accident insurance has a period of five years.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Premium is the amount paid to the insurance company every month.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Payment of every annuity is called an installment.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Annuity certainly begins on a fixed date and ends when an event happens.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Annuity contingent begins and ends on certain fixed dates.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
The present value of an annuity is the sum of the present value of all installments.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
The future value of an annuity is the accumulated value of all installments.
Answer:
False

Question 10.
The sinking fund is set aside at the beginning of a business.
Answer:
True

(IV) Solve the following problems.

Question 1.
A house valued at ₹ 8,00,000 is insured at 75% of its value. If the rate of premium is 0.80%. Find the premium paid by the owner of the house. If the agent’s commission is 9% of the premium, find the agent’s commission.
Solution:
Property value = ₹ 8,00,000
Policy value = 75% × 8,00,000 = ₹ 6,00,000
∵ Rate of Premium = 0.80%
∴ Amount of Premium = 0.80% × 6,00,000 = ₹ 4,800
∵ Rate of commission = 9%
∴ Agent commission = 9% × 4800 = ₹ 432

Question 2.
A shopkeeper insures his shop and godown are valued at ₹ 5,00,000 and ₹ 10,00,000 respectively for 80% of their values. If the rate of premium is 8%, find the total annual premium.
Solution:
Property value of shop = ₹ 5,00,000
∴ Policy value = 80% × 5,00,000 = ₹ 4,00,000
∵ Rate of Premium = 8%
∴ Amount of premium = 8% × 4,00,000 = ₹ 32,000
∵ Property value of Godown = ₹ 10,00,000
∴ Policy value = 80% × 10,00,000 = ₹ 8,00,000
∵ Rate of Premium = 8%
∴ Amount of Premium = 8% × 8,00,000 = ₹ 64,000
∴ Total annual Premium = 64,000 + 32,000 = ₹ 96,000

Question 3.
A factory building is insured for \(\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^{\text {th }}\) of its value at a rate of premium of 2.50%. If the agent is paid a commission of ₹ 2,812.50, which is 7.5% of the premium, find the value of the building.
Solution:
Let the Property value be ₹ x
∴ Policy value = ₹ \(\frac{5 x}{6}\)
∵ Rate of premium = 2.50%
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{5 x}{6}\) × 2.50% = ₹ \(\frac{x}{48}\)
∵ Rate of Agent commission = 7.5%
∴ Agent commission = 7.5% × \(\frac{x}{48}\)
∴ 2812.50 = \(\frac{x}{640}\)
∴ 2812.50 × 640 = x
∴ x = ₹ 18,00,000
∴ Value of the building is ₹ 18,00,000.

Question 4.
A merchant takes a fire insurance policy to cover 80% of the value of his stock. Stock worth ₹ 80,000 was completely destroyed in a fire. While the rest of the stock was reduced to 20% of its value. If the proportional compensation under the policy was ₹ 67,200, find the value of the stock.
Solution:
Let the Property value be ₹ x
∴ Policy value 80% × x = ₹ \(\frac{4 x}{5}\)
∵ Complete loss = ₹ 80,000
∴ Partial loss = 20% × (x – 8,00,000) = \(\frac{x-80,000}{5}\)
∴ Total loss = 80,000 + \(\frac{x-80,000}{5}\) = \(\frac{x}{5}\) + 64,000
∵ Claim = ₹ 67,200

∴ x = ₹ 1,00,000
∴ The value of the stock is ₹ 1,00,000.

Question 5.
A 35-year old person takes a policy for ₹ 1,00,000 for a period of 20 years. The rate of premium is ₹ 76 and the average rate of bonus is ₹ 7 per thousand p.a. If he dies after paying 10 annual premiums, what amount will his nominee receive?
Solution:
Policy value = ₹ 1,00,000
Period of Policy = 20 years
∵ Rate of premium = ₹ 76 per thousand
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{76}{1,000}\) × 1,00,000 = ₹ 7,600
∴ Total Premium = 7,600 × 10 = ₹ 76,000
∴ Rate of Bonus = ₹ 7 per thousand p.a
∴ Total Bonus = \(\frac{7}{1,000}\) × 1,00,000 = ₹ 7,000
∴ Amount received by Nominee = Policy value + Bonus earned
= 1,00,000 + 7,000
= ₹ 1,07,000

Question 6.
15,000 articles costing ₹ 200 per dozen were insured against fire for ₹ 1,00,000. If 20% of the articles were burnt completely and 2,400 other articles were damaged to the extent of 80% of their value, find the amount that can be claimed under the policy.
Solution:
Total Articles = 15,000
∴ Property value = \(\frac{15,000}{12}\) × 200 = 2,50,000
∵ Policy value = ₹ 1,00,000
∴ Complete loss = 20% × 2,50,000 = ₹ 50,000
∴ Partial loss = 80% × \(\frac{2,400}{12}\) × 200 = ₹ 3,20,000
∴ Total loss = 32,000 + 50,000 = ₹ 82,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{1,00,000}{2,50,000}\) × 82,000
= ₹ 32,800

Question 7.
For what amount should a cargo worth ₹ 25,350 be insured so that in the event of a total loss, its value, as well as the cost of insurance, may be recovered when the rate of premium is 2.5%.
Solution:
Let the policy value be ₹ 100 which includes the cost of insurance and premium
∴ Property value = 100 – 2.50 = ₹ 97.50
If the value of the cargo is ₹ 97.50, then the policy value is ₹ 100.
If the value of the cargo is ₹ 25,350, then
Policy value = \(\frac{100 \times 25,350}{97.50}\) = ₹ 26,000

Question 8.
A cargo of grain is insured at \(\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)\)% to cover 70% of its value. ₹1,008 is the amount of premium paid. If the grain is worth ₹ 12 per kg, how many kg of the grain did the cargo contain?
Solution:
Let the Property value be ₹ x
∴ policy value = 70% × x = ₹ \(\frac{7 x}{10}\)
∵ Rate of premium = \(\frac{3}{4}\)%
∴ Amount of premium = Rate × Policy value

∴ x = ₹ 1,92,000
∵ Rate of Jowar = ₹ 12/kg
∴ Quantity of Jowar = \(\frac{1,92,000}{12}\) = 16,000 kgs

Question 9.
4,000 bedsheets worth ₹ 6,40,000 were insured for \(\left(\frac{3}{7}\right)^{t h}\) of their value. Some of
the bedsheets were damaged in the rainy season and were reduced to 40% of their value. If the amount recovered against damage was ₹ 32,000. Find the number of damaged bedsheets.
Solution:
∵ Property value = ₹ 6,40,000
∴ Policy value = 6,40,000 × \(\frac{3}{7}\) = ₹ \(\frac{19,20,000}{7}\)
∴ Cost of one Bedsheet = \(\frac{6,40,000}{4,000}\) = ₹ 160
Let ‘x’ bedsheets be damaged.
∴ Cost of x bedsheets = ₹ 160x

∴ 875 Bedsheets damaged.

Question 10.
A property valued at ₹ 7,00,000 is insured to the extent of ₹ 5,60,000 at \(\left(\frac{5}{8}\right)\)% less 20%. Calculate the saving made in the premium. Find the amount of loss that the owner must bear, including premium, if the property is damaged to the extent of 40% of its value.
Solution:
∵ Property value = ₹ 7,00,000
∵ Policy value = ₹ 5,60,000
∵ Rate of premium = \(\frac{5}{8}\)%
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{5}{8}\)% × 5,60,000 = ₹ 3,500
New rate of premium = \(\frac{5}{8}\)% less 20%
= \(\frac{5}{8}\) – [20% x \(\frac{5}{8}\)]
= \(\frac{5}{8}\) – \(\frac{1}{8}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)%
∴ Amount of premium = \(\frac{1}{2}\)% × 5,60,000 = ₹ 2,800
∴ Saving made in premium = 3,500 – 2,800 = ₹ 700
∴ Loss = 7,00,000 × 40% = 2,80,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{5,60,000}{7,00,000}\) × 2,80,000
= ₹ 2,24,000
∴ Loss bear by owner = loss – claim + premium
= 2,80,000 – 2,24,000 + 2,800
= ₹ 58,800

Question 11.
Stocks in a shop and godown worth ₹ 75,000 and ₹ 1,30,000 respectively were insured through an agent who receive 15% of the premium as commission. If the shop was insured for 80% and godown for 60% of the value, find the amount of agent’s commission when the premium was 0.80% less 20%. If the entire stock in the shop and 20% stock in the godown is destroyed by fire, find the amount that can be claimed under the policy.
Solution:
∵ Rate of premium = 0.80% less 20%
= 0.80 – 20% × 0.80
= 0.80 – 0.16
= 0.64%
For Shop
∵ Property value = ₹ 75,000
∴ Policy value = 80% × 75,000 = ₹ 60,000
∴ Premium = 0.64% × 60,000 = ₹ 384
∵ Loss = ₹ 75,000
∵ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{60,000}{75,000}\) × 75,000
= ₹ 60,000
For Godown
∵ Property value = ₹ 1,30,000
∴ Policy value = 60% × 1,30,000 = ₹ 78,000
∴ Premium = 0.64% × 78,000 = ₹ 499.2
Loss = 20% × 1,30,000 = ₹ 26,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{78,000}{1,30,000}\) × 26,000
= ₹ 15,600
Total claim = 16,600 + 60,000 = ₹ 75,600
∵ Rate of commission = 15%
∴ Agent commission = 15% × [384 + 499.2]
= 15% × 883.2
= ₹ 132.48

Question 12.
A person holding a life policy of ₹ 1,20,000 for a term of 25 years wants to discontinue after paying a premium for 8 years at the rate of ₹ 58 per thousand p.a. Find the amount of paid-up value he will receive on the policy. Find the amount he will receive if the surrender value granted is 35% of the premium paid, excluding the first year’s premium.
Solution:
Policy value = ₹ 1,20,000
∵ Rate of premium = ₹ 58 per thousand p.a.
∴ Premium for 8 years = \(\frac{8 \times 58}{1000}\) × 1,20,000 = ₹ 55,680
∴ Amount of 1st premium = \(\frac{55,680}{8}\) = ₹ 6,960
∵ Paid-up value of policy = \(\frac{\text { No of Premium paid }}{\text { Terms of policy }}\) × Policy value
= \(\frac{8}{25}\) × 1,20,000
= ₹ 38,400
∵ Surrender value = 35% × [Total premium – 1st year premium]
= 35% × [55,680 – 6,960]
= 35% × 48,720
= ₹ 17,052

Question 13.
A godown valued at ₹ 80,000 contained stock worth ₹ 4,80,000. Both were insured against fire. Godown for ₹ 50,000 and stock for 80% of its value. A part of stock worth ₹ 60,000 was completely destroyed and the rest was reduced to 60% of its value. The amount of damage to the godown is ₹ 40,000. Find the amount that can be claimed under the policy.
Solution:
For Godown
∵ Property value = ₹ 80,000
∵ Policy value = ₹ 50,000
∵ Loss = ₹ 40,000
∵ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{50,000}{80,000}\) × 40,000
= ₹ 25,000
For stock
∵ Property value = ₹ 4,80,000
∵ Policy value = 80% × 4,80,000 = ₹ 3,84,000
∵ Complete loss = ₹ 60,000
∴ Partial loss = (100 – 60)% × [4,80,000 – 60,000]
= 40% × 4,20,000
= ₹ 1,68,000
∴ Total loss = 1,68,000 + 60000 = ₹ 2,28,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{3,84,000}{4,80,000}\) × 2,28,000
= ₹ 1,82,400
∴ Total claim = 25,000 + 1,82,400 = ₹ 2,07,400

Question 14.
Find the amount of an ordinary annuity if a payment of ₹ 500 is made at the end of every quarter for 5 years at the rate of 12% per annum compounded quarterly. [Given: (1.03)²⁰ = 1.8061]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 500
∵ r = 12% p.a. compounded quarterly,
∴ r = \(\frac{12}{4}\) = 3%
∵ n = 5 years
But, payment is made quarterly
∴ n = 5 × 4 = 20

Question 15.
Find the amount a company should set aside at the end of every year if it wants to buy a machine expected to cost ₹ 1,00,000 at the end of 4 years and interest rate is 5% p.a. compounded annually.
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 1,00,000
∵ r = 5% p.a.
∴ i = \(\frac{r}{100}=\frac{5}{100}\) = 0.05
∵ n = 4 years
∵ A = \(\frac{C}{i}\left[(1+\mathrm{i})^{n}-1\right]\)
∴ 1,00,000 = \(\frac{C}{0.05}\)[(1 + 0.05)⁴ – 1]
∴ 1,00,000 × 0.05 = C [(1.05)⁴ – 1]
∴ 5,000 = C(1.2155 – 1)
∴ 5,000 = C × 0.2155
∴ \(\frac{5,000}{0.2155}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 23,201.86

Question 16.
Find the least number of years for which an annuity of ₹ 3,000 per annum must run in order that its amount exceeds ₹ 60,000 at 10%compounded annually. [Given: (1.1)¹¹ = 2,8531, (1.1)¹² = 3.1384]
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 60,000
∵ C = ₹ 3,000
∵ r = 10% p.a.
∴ i = \(\frac{r}{100}=\frac{10}{100}\) = 0.1
∵ A = \(\frac{C}{i}\left[(1+i)^{n}-1\right]\)
∴ 60,000 = \(\frac{3,000}{0.1}\left[(1+0.1)^{n}-1\right]\)
∴ 60,000 = 30,000[(1.1)ⁿ – 1]
∴ \(\frac{60,000}{30,000}\) + 1 = (1.1)ⁿ
∴ 2 + 1 = (1.1)ⁿ
∴ 3 = (1.1)ⁿ
Taking log
∴ log 3 = log (1.1)ⁿ
∴ log 3 = n log(1.1)
∴ \(\frac{\log 3}{\log 1.1}\) = n
∴ n = \(\frac{0.4771}{0.0414}\) = 11.52 ~ 12 years

Question 17.
Find the rate of interest compounded annually if an ordinary annuity of ₹ 20,000 per year amounts to ₹ 41,000 in 2 years.
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 20,000
∵ A = ₹ 41,000
∵ n = 2 years

∴ r = 5% p.a.

Question 18.
A person purchases a television by paying ₹ 20,000 in cash and promising to pay ₹ 1,000 at the end of every month for the next 2 years. If money is worth 12% p.a., converted monthly. Find the cash price of the television. [Given: (1.01)^-24 = 0.7880]
Solution:
Down payment = ₹ 20,000
∵ n = 2 years
But, EMI Payable monthly
∴ n = 2 × 12 = 24
∵ r = 12% p.a. compounded monthly

∴ P = 1,00,00 × 0.2120
∴ P = ₹ 21,200
Cash price = Present value + Down payment
= 21,200 + 20,000
= ₹ 41,200

Question 19.
Find the present value of an annuity immediate of ₹ 20,000 per annum for 3 years at 10% p.a. compounded annually. [Given: (1.1)^-3 = 0.7513]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 20,000
∵ n = 3 years
∵ r = 10% p.a.

∴ P = 2,00,000 [1 – 0.7513]
∴ P = 2,00,000 [0.2487]
∴ P = ₹ 49,740

Question 20.
A man borrowed some money and paid it back in 3 equal installments of ₹ 2,160 each. What amount did he borrow if the rate of interest was 20% per annum compounded annually? Also, find the total interest charged. [Given: (1.2)^-3 = 0.5788]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 2,160
∵ n = 3
∵ r = 20% p.a.

∴ P = ₹ 6,251.04
∴ Total amount paid = 2,160 × 3 = ₹ 6,480
∴ Interest = 6,480 – 6,251.04 = ₹ 228.96

Question 21.
A company decides to set aside a certain amount at the end of every year to create a sinking fund that should amount to ₹ 9,28,200 in 4 years at 10% p.a. Find the amount to be set aside every year. [Given: (1.1)⁴ = 1.4641]
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 9,28,200
∵ n = 4 years
∵ r = 10% p.a.

∴ 9,28,200 × 0.1 = C[1.4641 – 1]
∴ 92,820 = C × 0.4641
∴ \(\frac{92,820}{0.4641}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 2,00,000

Question 22.
Find the future value after 2 years if an amount of ₹ 12,000 is invested at the end of every half-year at 12% p.a. compounded half-yearly. [Given: (1.06)⁴ = 1.2625]
Solution:
∵ n = 2 years
Payable half yearly, n = 2 × 2 = 4
∵ C = ₹ 12,000
∵ r = 12% p.a. Compounded half yearly


∴ A = 1,00,000 [1.2625 – 1]
∴ A = 1,00,000 × 0.2625
∴ A = ₹ 26,250

Question 23.
After how many years would an annuity due of ₹ 3,000 p.a. accumulated ₹ 19,324.80 at 20% p.a. compounded annually? [Given: (1.2)⁴ = 2.0736]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 3,000
∵ A = ₹ 9,324.80
∵ r = 20% p.a.

∴ 19,324.80 = 15,000 × 1.2[(1.2)ⁿ – 1]
∴ 19,324.80 = 18,000[(1.2)ⁿ – 1]
∴ \(\frac{19,324.80}{18,000}\) + 1 = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ 1.0736 + 1 = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ 2.0736 = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ (1.2)⁴ = (1.2)ⁿ
∴ n = 4 years

Question 24.
Some machinery is expected to cost 25% more over its present cost of ₹ 6,96,000 after 20 yeas. The scrap value of the machinery will realize ₹ 1,50,000. What amount should be set aside at the end of every year at 5% p.a. compound interest for 20 years to replace the machinery? [Given: (1.05)²⁰ = 2655]
Solution:
Present cost = ₹ 6,96,000
Expected cost = 25% × 6,96,000 + 6,96,000
= 1,74,000 + 6,96,000
= ₹ 8,70,000
∴ Scrap value = ₹ 1,50,000
∴ Sinking fund = 8,70,000 – 1,50,000 = ₹ 7,20,000
∴ A = ₹ 7,20,000, n = 20 years, r = 5% p.a.

∴ 7,20,000 × 0.05 = C[(1.05)²⁰ – 1]
∴ 36,000 = C[2.655 – 1]
∴ 36,000 = C × 1.655
∴ \(\frac{36,000}{1.655}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 21,752.27

12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf

• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 2.1 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 2.2 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Miscellaneous Exercise 2 Solutions

Insurance and Annuity Class 12 Commerce Maths 2 Chapter 2 Exercise 2.2 Answers Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf Chapter 2 Insurance and Annuity Ex 2.2 Questions and Answers.

Std 12 Maths 2 Exercise 2.2 Solutions Commerce Maths

Question 1.
Find the accumulated (future) value of annuity of ₹ 800 for 3 year at interest rate 8% compounded annually. [Given: (1.08)³ = 1.2597]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 800
∵ n = 3 years
∵ r = 8% p.a.

∴ A = 10,000[(1.08)³ – 1]
∴ A = 10,000[1.2597 – 1]
∴ A = 10,000 × 0.2597
∴ A = ₹ 2,597

Question 2.
A person invested ₹ 5,000 every year in finance company that offered him interest compounded at 10% p.a., what is the amount accumulated after 4 years? [Given: (1.1)⁴ = 1.4641]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 5,000
∵ r = 10% p.a.

= 50,000[(1.1)⁴ – 1]
= 50,000[1.4641 – 1]
= 50,000 × 0.4641
= ₹ 23,205

Question 3.
Find the amount accumulated after 2 years if a sum of ₹ 24,000 is invested every six months at 12% p.a. compounded half yearly. [Given: (1.06)⁴ = 1.2625]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 24,000
∵ n = 2 years
But invested half yearly
∴ n = 2 × 2 = 4
∵ r = 12% p.a. compounded half yearly

= 4,00,000[(1.06)⁴ – 1]
= 4,00,000[1.2625 – 1]
= 4,00,000 × 0.2625
= ₹ 1,05,000

Question 4.
Find the accumulated value after 1 year of an annuity immediate in which ₹ 10,000 are invested every quarter at 16% p.a. compounded quarterly. [Given: (1.04)⁴ = 1.1699]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 10,000
∵ n = 1 year
But invested every quarterly
∴ n = 1 × 4 = 4
∴ r = 16% p.a. compounded quarterly

= 2,50,000 [1.1699 – 1]
= 2,50,000 × 0.1699
= ₹ 42,475

Question 5.
Find the present value of an annuity immediate of ₹ 36,000 p.a. for 3 years at 9% p.a. compounded annually. [Given: (1.09)^-3 = 0.7722]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 36,000
∵ n = 3 years
∵ r = 9% p.a.

= 4,00,000 × 0.2278
= ₹ 91,120

Question 6.
Find the present value of ordinary annuity of ₹ 63,000 p.a. for 4 years at 14% p.a. compounded annually. [Given: (1.14)^-4 = 0.5921]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 63,000
∵ n = 4 years
∵ r = 14% p.a.

= 4,50,000[1 – 0.5921]
= 4,50,000 × 0.4079
= ₹ 1,83,555

Question 7.
A lady plans to save for her daughter’s marriage. She wishes to accumulate a sum of ₹ 4,64,100 at the end of 4 years. What amount should she invest every year if she get an interest of 10%p.a. compounded annually? [Given: (1.1)⁴ = 1.4641]
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 4,64,100
∵ n = 4 years
∵ r = 10% p.a.

∴ 46,410 = C[1.4641 – 1]
∴ 46,410 = C × 0.4641
∴ \(\frac{46,410}{0.4641}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 1,00,000

Question 8.
A person wants to create a fund of ₹ 6,96,150 after 4 years at the time of his retirement. He decides to invest a fixed amount at the end of every year in a bank that offers him interest of 10% p.a. compounded annually. What amount should he invest every year? [Given: (1.1)⁴ = 1.4641]
Solution:
∵ A = ₹ 6,96,150
∵ n = 4 years
∵ r = 10% p.a

∴ 69,615 = C[1.4641 – 1]
∴ 69,615 = C × 0.4641
∴ \(\frac{69,615}{0.4641}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 1,50,000

Question 9.
Find the rate of interest compounded annually if an annuity immediate at ₹ 20,000 per year amounts to ₹ 2,60,000 in 3 years.
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 20,000
∵ A = ₹ 2,60,000
∵ n = 3 years

∴ 13i = 3i + 3 i² + i³
∴ 13i = i(3 + 3i + i²)
∴ 13 = 3 + i + i²
∴ i² + 3i + 3 – 13 = 0
∴ i² + 3i – 10 = 0
∴ (i + 5) (i – 2) = 0
∴ i + 5 = 0 or i – 2 = 0
∴ i = -5 or i = 2
∵ Rate of interest cannot be negative
∴ i = 2 is accepted
∴ \(\frac{r}{100}\) = 2
∴ r = 200% p.a.

Question 10.
Find the number of years for which an annuity of ₹ 500 is paid at the end of every years, if the accumulated amount works out to be ₹ 1,655 when interest is compounded annually at 10% p.a.
Solution:
∵ C = 7500
∵ A = 71,655
∵ r = 10% p.a.


∴ 0.331 + 1 = (1.1)ⁿ
∴ 1.331 = (1.1)ⁿ
∴ (1.1)³ = (1.1)ⁿ
∴ n = 3 years

Question 11.
Find the accumulated value of annuity due of ₹ 1,000 p.a. for 3 years at 10% p.a. compounded annually. [Given: (1.1)³ = 1.331]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 1,000
∵ n = 3 years
∵ r = 10% p.a.

∴ A’ = 10,000 × 1.1[(1.1)³ – 1]
∴ A’ = 11,000 [1.331 – 1]
∴ A’ = 11,000 × 0.331
∴ A’ = ₹ 3,641

Question 12.
A person plans to put ₹ 400 at the beginning of each year for 2 years in a deposit that gives interest at 2% p.a. compounded annually. Find the amount that will be accumulated at the end of 2 years. [Given: (1.02)² = 1.0404]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 400
∵ r = 2% p.a.


= 20,000 (1.02) (1.0404 – 1)
= 20,400 [0.0404]
= ₹ 824.16

Question 13.
Find the present value of an annuity due of ₹ 600 to be paid quarterly at 32% p.a. compounded quarterly. [Given (1.08)^-4 = 0.7350]
Solution:
∵ C = ₹ 600
∵ n = 1 year
∴ But invested every quarterly
∴ n = 1 × 4 = 4
∵ r = 32% p.a. compounded quarterly

= 7,500(1.08) [1 – 0.7350]
= 8,100 [0.2650]
= ₹ 2,146.5

Question 14.
An annuity immediate is to be paid for some years at 12% p.a. The present value of the annuity is ₹ 10,000 and the accumulated value is ₹ 20,000. Find the amount of each annuity payment.
Solution:
∵ r = 12% p.a.
∴ i = \(\frac{r}{100}=\frac{12}{100}\) = 0.12
∵ P = ₹ 10,000
∵ A = ₹ 20,000
∵ \(\frac{1}{P}-\frac{1}{A}=\frac{i}{C}\)

∴ C = 0.12 × 20,000
∴ C = ₹ 2,400

Question 15.
For an annuity immediate paid for 3 years with interest compounded at 10% p.a. the present value is ₹ 24,000. What will be the accumulated value after 3 years? [Given (1.1)³ = 1.331]
Solution:
∵ n = 3 years
∵ P = ₹ 24,000
∵ r = 10% p.a.
∴ i = \(\frac{r}{100}=\frac{10}{100}\) = 0.1
∵ A = P(1 + i)ⁿ
∴ A = 24,000 [1 + 0.1]³
∴ A = 24,000 × (1.1)³
∴ A = 24,000 × 1.331
∴ A = ₹ 31,944

Question 16.
A person sets up a sinking fund in order to have ₹ 1,00,000 after 10 years. What amount should be deposited bi-annually in the account that pays him 5% p.a. compounded semi-annually? [Given: (1.025)²⁰ = 1.675]
Solution:
∴ A = ₹ 1,00,000
∴ n = 10 years
But, invested half yearly
∴ n = 10 × 2 = 20
∵ r = 5% p.a. compounded half yearly
∴ r = \(\frac{r}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\) = 2.5%
∴ i = \(\frac{r}{100}=\frac{2.5}{100}\) = 0.025

∴ 2,500 = C[1.675 – 1]
∴ 2,500 = C × 0.675
∴ \(\frac{2,500}{0.675}\) = C
∴ C = ₹ 3,703.70

12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf

• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 2.1 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 2.2 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Miscellaneous Exercise 2 Solutions

Insurance and Annuity Class 12 Commerce Maths 2 Chapter 2 Exercise 2.1 Answers Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf Chapter 2 Insurance and Annuity Ex 2.1 Questions and Answers.

Std 12 Maths 2 Exercise 2.1 Solutions Commerce Maths

Question 1.
Find the premium on a property worth ₹ 25,00,000 at 3% if
(i) the property is fully insured
(ii) the property is insured for 80% of its value.
Solution:
Case-1
Property value = ₹ 25,00,000
Rate of Premium = 3%
Policy Value = ₹ 25,00,000
∴ Amount of Premium = 3% × 25,00,000 = ₹ 75,000
Case-2
Property Value = ₹ 25,00,000
Policy value = 80% × 25,00,000 = ₹ 20,00,000
Rate of Premium = 3%
∴ Amount of Premium = 3% × 20,00,000 = ₹ 60,000

Question 2.
A shop is valued at ₹ 3,60,000 for 75% of its value. If the rate of premium is 0.9%, find the premium paid by the owner of the shop. Also, find the agents commission if the agent gets commission at 15% of the premium.
Solution:
Property Value = ₹ 3,60,000
Policy Value = 75% × 3,60,000 = ₹ 2,70,000
Rate of Premium = 0.9%
∴ Amount of Premium = 0.9% × 2,70,000 = ₹ 2,430
Rate of Commission = 15%
∴ Amount of Commission = 15% × 2,430 = ₹ 364.5

Question 3.
A person insures his office valued at ₹ 5,00,000 for 80% of its value. Find the rate of premium if he pays ₹ 13,000 as premium. Also, find agent’s commission at 11%.
Solution:
Property Value = ₹ 5,00,000
Policy Value = 80% × 5,00,000 = ₹ 4,00,000
Amount of Premium = ₹ 13000
Let the rate of Premium be x%
Amount of premium = Rate × Policy Value
∴ 13000 = x% × 4,00,000
∴ \(\frac{13,000}{4,00,000}=\frac{x}{100}\)
∴ \(\frac{13,000 \times 100}{4,00,000}\) = x
∴ x = 3.25%
Rate of commission = 11%
∴ Amount of Commission = 11% × 13,000 = ₹ 1,430

Question 4.
A building is insured for 75% of its value. The annual premium at 0.70 percent amounts to ₹ 2625. If the building is damaged to the extent of 60% due to fire, how much can be claimed under the policy?
Solution:
Let the Property Value of building be ₹ x
Policy Value = 75% × x = 0.75x
Rate of Premium = 0.70%
Amount of Policy = Rate × Policy Value
2625 = 0.70% × 0.75x
\(\frac{2625}{0.75}\) = 0.70% × x
3520 = \(\frac{0.70}{100}\) × x
\(\frac{3500 \times 100}{0.70}\) = x
x = ₹ 5,00,000
∴ Damage = 60% × Property Value
= \(\frac{60}{100}\) × 5,00,000
= ₹ 3,00,000
∴ Policy Value = 0.75 × 3,00,000 = ₹ 2,25,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{2,25,000}{5,00,000}\) × 3,00,000
= ₹ 1,35,000

Question 5.
A stock worth ₹ 7,00,000 was insured for ₹ 4,50,000. Fire burnt stock worth ₹ 3,00,000 completely and damaged there remaining stock to the extent of 75% of its value. What amount can be claimed undertaken policy?
Solution:
Property Value = ₹ 7,00,000
Policy Value = ₹ 4,50,000
Complete Loss = 3,00,000
Partial loss = 75% × [7,00,000 – 3,00,000]
= \(\frac{75}{100}\) × 4,00,000
= ₹ 3,00,000
∴ Total loss = ₹ 3,00,000 + ₹ 3,00,000 = ₹ 6,00,000
∴ Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{4,50,000}{7,00,000}\) × 6,00,000
= ₹ 3,85,714.29

Question 6.
A cargo of rice was insured at 0.625 % to cover 80% of its value. The premium paid was ₹ 5,250. If the price of rice is ₹ 21 per kg. find the quantity of rice (in kg) in the cargo.
Solution:
Let Property Value be ₹ x
Policy Value = 80% × x = ₹ 0.8x
Rate of Policy = 0.625%
Amount of Premium = Rate × Policy value
∴ 5250 = 0.625% × 0.8x
∴ 5250 = 0.005x
∴ x = \(\frac{5250}{0.005}\)
∴ x = ₹ 10,50,000
Rate of Rice = ₹ 21/kg
∴ Quantity of Rice (in kg) = \(\frac{\text { Total value }}{\text { Rate of Rice }}\)
= \(\frac{10,50,000}{21}\)
= 50,000 kgs

Question 7.
60,000 articles costing ₹ 200 per dozen were insured against fire for ₹ 2,40,000. If 20% of the articles were burnt and 7,200 of the remaining articles were damaged to the extent of 80% of their value, find the amount that can be claimed under the policy.
Solution:
No of articles = 60,000
Cost of articles = ₹ 200/dozen
∴ Property of Value = \(\frac{60,000}{12}\) × 200 = ₹ 1o,oo,ooo
∴ Policy Value = ₹ 2,40,000
Complete Loss = 20% × 10,00,000 = ₹ 2,00,000
Partial loss = \(\frac{7200}{12}\) × 200 × 80% = ₹ 96,000
∴ Total loss = 2,00,000 + 96,000 = ₹ 2,96,000
Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{2,40,000}{10,00,000}\) × 2,96,000
= ₹ 71,040

Question 8.
The rate of premium is 2% and other expenses are 0.075%. A cargo worth ₹ 3,50,100 is to be insured so that all its value and the cost of insurance will be recovered in the event of total loss.
Solution:
Let the Policy Value of Cargo be ₹ 100 which includes insurance and other expenses
∴ Property Value = 100 – [2 + 0.075] = ₹ 97.925
If Policy Value is ₹ 100, then Property Value is ₹ 97.925
If Property Value is ₹ 3,50,100
Then policy Value = \(\frac{100 \times 3,50,100}{97.925}\) = ₹ 3,57,518.51

Question 9.
A property worth ₹ 4,00,000 is insured with three companies. A, B, and C. The amounts insured with these companies are ₹ 1,60,000, ₹ 1,00,000 and ₹ 1,40,000 respectively. Find the amount recoverable from each company in the event of a loss to the extent of ₹ 9,000.
Solution:
Property Value = ₹ 4,00,000
Loss = ₹ 9,000
Total Value of Policies = 1,60,000 + 1,00,000 + 1,40,000 = ₹ 4,00,000
Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
Claim of company A = \(\frac{1,60,000}{40,000}\) × 9,000 = ₹ 3,600
Claim of company B = \(\frac{1,00,000}{4,00,000}\) × 9,000 = ₹ 2,250
Claim of company C = \(\frac{1,40,000}{4,00,000}\) × 9,000 = ₹ 3,150

Question 10.
A car valued at ₹ 8,00,000 is insured for ₹ 5,00,000. The rate of premium is 5% less 20%. How much will the owner bear including the premium if value of the ear is reduced to 60% of its original value.
Solution:
Property Value = ₹ 8,00,000
Policy Value = ₹ 5,00,000
Rate of Premium = 5% less 20%
= 5% – 20% × 5%
= (5 – 1)%
= 4%
Amount of Premium = 4% × 5,00,000 = ₹ 20,000
Loss = [100 – 60]% × Property Value
= 40% × 8,00,000
= ₹ 3,20,000
Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{5,00,000}{8,00,000}\) × 3,20,000
= ₹ 2,00,000
Loss bear by owner = Loss – claim + Premium
= 3,20,000 – 2,00,000 + 20,000
= ₹ 1,40,000

Question 11.
A shop and a godown worth ₹ 1,00,000 and ₹ 2,00,000 respectively were insured through an agent who was paid 12% of the total premium. If the shop was insured for 80% and the godown for 60% of their respective values, find the agent’s commission, given that the rate of premium was 0.80% less 20%.
Solution:
Rate of Premium = 0.80% Less 20%
= 0.80% – 20% × 0.80%
= (0.80 – 0.16)%
= 0.64%
For Shop
Property Value = ₹ 1,00,000
Policy Value = 80% × 1,00,000 = ₹ 80,000
Premium = 0.64% × 80,000 = ₹ 512
For Godown
Property Value = ₹ 2,00,000
Policy Value = 60% × 2,00,000 = ₹ 1,20,000
Premium = 0.64% × 1,20,000 = ₹ 768
∴ Total Premium = 512 + 768 = ₹ 1,280
Rate of Commission = 12%
∴ Agent Commission = 12% × 1,280 = ₹ 153.6

Question 12.
The rate of premium on a policy of ₹ 1,00,000 is ₹ 56 per thousand per annum. A rebate of ₹ 0.75 per thousand is permitted if the premium is paid annually. Find the net amount of premium payable if the policy holder pays the premium annually.
Solution:
Policy Value = ₹ 1,00,000
Rate of Premium = ₹ 56 per thousand p.a
Rate of Rebate = ₹ 0.75 per thousand p.a
Premium is paid annually
∴ Net rate of = 56 – 0.75 = ₹ 55.25 per thousand p.a.
∴ Net Amount ot Premium = \(\frac{1,00,000}{1000}\) × 55.25 = ₹ 5,525

Question 13.
A warehouse valued at ₹ 40,000 contains goods worth ₹ 2,40,000. The warehouse is insured against fire for ₹ 16,000 and the goods to the extent of 90% of their value. Goods worth ₹ 80,000 are completely destroyed, while the remaining goods are destroyed to 80% of their value due to a fire. The damage to the warehouse is to the extent of ₹ 8,000. Find the total amount that can be claimed.
Solution:
For Warehouse
Property Value = ₹ 40,000
Policy Value = ₹ 16,000
Loss = ₹ 8,000
Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{16,000}{40,000}\) × 8,000
= ₹ 3,200
For Goods
Property Value = ₹ 2,40,000
Policy Value = 90% × 2,40,000 = ₹ 2,16,000
Complete Loss = 80,000
Partial Loss = 80% × (2,16,000 – 80,000)
= 80% × 1,36,000
= ₹ 1,08,800
Claim = \(\frac{\text { Policy value }}{\text { Property value }}\) × Loss
= \(\frac{2,16,000}{24,000}\) × 1,08,800
= ₹ 97,920
∴ Total Claim = 3,200 + 97,920 = ₹ 1,01,120

Question 14.
A person takes a life policy for ₹ 2,00,000 for a period of 20 years. He pays premium for 10 years during which bonus was declared at an average rate of ₹ 20 per year per thousand. Find the paid up value of the policy if he discontinuous paying premium after 10 years.
Solution:
Policy Value = ₹ 2,00,000
Rate of Bonus = ₹ 20 Per thousand p.a.
Total Bonus = \(\frac{2,00,000 \times 20}{1,000}\) = ₹ 4,000
∴ Bonus for 10 years = 4,000 × 10 = ₹ 40,000
Period of Policy = 20 years
∴ Amount of Premium = \(\frac{2,00,000}{20}\) = ₹ 10,000 p.a.
∴ Total Premium for 10 years = 10,000 × 10 = ₹ 1,00,000
∴ Paid up Value of Policy = Total premium + Total Bonus
= 1,00,000 + 40,000
= ₹ 1,40,000

12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf

• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 2.1 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 2.2 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Miscellaneous Exercise 2 Solutions

Commission, Brokerage and Discount Class 12 Commerce Maths 2 Chapter 1 Miscellaneous Exercise 1 Answers Maharashtra Board

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf Chapter 1 Commission, Brokerage and Discount Miscellaneous Exercise 1 Questions and Answers.

Std 12 Maths 2 Miscellaneous Exercise 1 Solutions Commerce Maths

(I) Choose the correct alternative.

Question 1.
An agent who gives a guarantee to his principal that the party will pay the sale price of goods is called
(a) Auctioneer
(b) Del Credere Agent
(c) Factor
(d) Broker
Answer:
(b) Del Credere Agent

Question 2.
An agent who is given the possession of goods to be sold is known as
(a) Factor
(b) Broker
(c) Auctioneer
(d) Del Credere Agent
Answer:
(a) Factor

Question 3.
The date on which the period of the bill expires is called
(a) Legal Due Date
(b) Grace Date
(c) Nominal Due Date
(d) Date of Drawing
Answer:
(c) Nominal Due Date

Question 4.
The payment date after adding 3 days of grace period is known as
(a) The legal due date
(b) The nominal due date
(c) Days of grace
(d) Date of drawing
Answer:
(a) The legal due date

Question 5.
The sum due is also called as
(a) Face value
(b) Present value
(c) Cash value
(d) True discount
Answer:
(a) Face value

Question 6.
P is the abbreviation of
(a) Face value
(b) Present worth
(c) Cash value
(d) True discount
Answer:
(b) Present worth

Question 7.
Banker’s gain is the simple interest on
(a) Banker’s discount
(b) Face Value
(c) Cash value
(d) True discount
Answer:
(d) True discount

Question 8.
The marked price is also called as
(a) Cost price
(b) Selling price
(c) List price
(d) Invoice price
Answer:
(c) List price

Question 9.
When only one discount is given then
(a) List price = Invoice price
(b) Invoice price = Net selling price
(c) Invoice price = Cost price
(d) Cost price = Net selling price
Answer:
(b) Invoice price = Net selling price

Question 10.
The difference between the face value and present worth is called
(a) Banker’s discount
(b) True discount
(c) Banker’s gain
(d) Cash value
Answer:
(b) True discount

(II) Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
A person who draws the bill is called ____________
Answer:
Drawee

Question 2.
An ____________ is an agent who sells the goods by auction.
Answer:
Auctioneer

Question 3.
Trade discount is allowed on the ____________ price.
Answer:
Catalogue/List

Question 4.
The banker’s discount is also called ____________.
Answer:
Commercial Discount

Question 5.
The banker’s discount is always ____________ than the true discount.
Answer:
higher

Question 6.
The diffrence between the banker’s discount and the true discount is called ____________.
Answer:
bankers gain

Question 7.
The date by which the buyer is legally allowed to pay the amount is known as ____________.
Answer:
legal due date

Question 8.
A ____________ is an agent who brings together the buyer and the seller.
Answer:
broker

Question 9.
If buyer is allowed both trade and cash discounts, ____________ discount is fist calculated on ____________ price.
Answer:
Trade, Catalogue/List

Question 10.
____________ = List price (catalogue Price) – Trade Discount.
Answer:
Invoice Price

(III) State whether each of the following is True or False.

Question 1.
A broker is an agent who gives a guarantee to the seller that the buyer will pay the sale price of goods.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
A cash discount is allowed on the list price.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Trade discount is allowed on catalogue price.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The buyer is legally allowed 6 days grace period.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
The date on which the period of the bill expires is called the nominal due date.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
The difference between the banker’s discount and true discount is called sum due.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
The banker’s discount is always lower than the true discount.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
The banker’s discount is also called a commercial discount.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
In general cash, the discount is more than trade discount.
Answer:
False

Question 10.
A person can get both, trade discount and a cash discount.
Answer:
True

(IV) Solve the following problems.

Question 1.
A salesman gets a commission of 6.5% on the total sales made by him and a bonus of 1% on sales over ₹ 50,000. Find his total income on a turnover of ₹ 75,000.
Solution:
Rate of commission = 6.5% on the total sales
∴ Commission on a turnover of ₹ 75,000
= \(\frac{6.5}{100}\) × 75,000
= ₹ 4,875
Rate of bonus = 1% on sales over ₹ 50,000
∴ Amount of bonus = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × (75,000 – 50,000) = ₹ 250
∴ Total income of the sales man = ₹ 4,875 + ₹ 250 = ₹ 5,125

Question 2.
A shop is sold at 30% profit, the amount of brokerage at the rate of \(\frac{3}{4}\)% amounts to ₹ 73,125. Find the cost of the shop.
Solution:
Rate of brokerage = \(\frac{3}{4}\)%
Amount of brokerage = ₹ 73,125
Let the selling price of the shop be ₹ 100 then the brokerage = ₹ \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Thus, if the amount of brokerage is ₹ \(\frac{3}{4}\) then the selling price of the shop is ₹ 100
If the amount of brokerage is ₹ 73,125, then the selling price of the shop is = 73125 × \(\frac{4}{3}\) × 100 = ₹ 97,50,000
The shop is sold at 30% profit
∴ If the cost of the shop is ₹ 100, then it is sold at ₹ 130
Thus, if the shop is sold at ₹ 130, then its cost price is ₹ 100
If the shop is sold at ₹ 97,50,000 then its cost price is = \(\frac{97,50,000 \times 100}{130}\) = ₹ 75,00,000
Then, the cost of the shop is ₹ 75,00,000

Question 3.
A merchant gives 5% commission and 1.5% delcredere to his agents. If the agent sells goods worth ₹ 30,600 how much does he get? How much does the merchant receive?
Solution:
Rate of commission = 5%
Total sales = ₹ 30,600
Amount of commission = \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 30,600
Rate of delcredere = 1.5%
= \(\frac{1.5}{100}\) × 30,600
= ₹ 459
Thus, the agents gets 1,530 + 459 = ₹ 1,989
And the merchant receives = 30,600 – 1,989 = ₹ 28,611

Question 4.
After deducting commission at 7\(\frac{1}{2}\)% on first ₹ 50,000 and 5% on the balance of sales made by him, an agent remits ₹ 93,750 to his principal. Find the value of goods sold by him.
Solution:
Rate of commission = 7\(\frac{1}{2}\)% on first ₹ 50,000
= \(\frac{7.5}{100}\) × 50,000
= ₹ 3,750
Let the total sales be ₹ x
Rate of commission on the balance sales = 5%
Commission on the balance sales = \(\frac{5}{100}\) × (x – 50000) = \(\frac{x}{20}\) – 2,500
Total commission = 3750 + \(\frac{x}{20}\) – 2,500 = \(\frac{x}{20}\) + 1,250
Now, the amount to be remitted to the principal = Value of goods sold – Commission of the agent
= x – (\(\frac{x}{20}\) + 1250)
= \(\frac{19x}{20}\) – 1250
The agents remits ₹ 93,750 to his principal
∴ \(\frac{19x}{20}\) – 1,250 = 93,750
∴ \(\frac{19x}{20}\) = 95,000
∴ x = ₹ 1,00,000
Thus, the value of the goods sold by the agent is ₹ 1,00,000

Question 5.
The present worth of ₹ 11,660 due 9 months hence is ₹ 11,000. Find the rate of interest.
Solution:
Given, PW = ₹ 11,000, SD = ₹ 11,660
n = \(\frac{9}{12}\) year = \(\frac{3}{4}\) year
We have,

∴ The rate of interest is 8% p.a.

Question 6.
An article is marked at ₹ 800, a trader allows a discount of 2.5% and gains 20% on the cost. Find the cost price of the article?
Solution:
Marked price of the article = ₹ 800
Rate of discount = 2.5%
Amount of discount = \(\frac{2.5}{100}\) × 800 = ₹ 20
∴ Selling price of the article = 800 – 20 = ₹ 780
Now, given, gain = 20%
Let cost price of the article be ₹ 100, then
The selling price of the article is ₹ 120
Thus if cost price of the articles is ₹ x
Then the selling price is ₹ 780
∴ x = \(\frac{780 \times 100}{120}\)
∴ x = 650
∴ Cost price of the article is ₹ 650

Question 7.
A salesman is paid a fixed monthly salary plus commission on the sales. If on sale of ₹ 96,000 and ₹ 1,08,000 in two successive months he receives in all ₹ 17,600 and ₹ 18,800 respectively. Find his monthly salary and rate of commission paid to him.
Solution:
Let the monthly salary of the salesman be ₹ x
And the rate of commission be y%
Income = monthly salary + commission on the sales
17600 = x + \(\frac{y}{100}\) × 96,000
∴ 17600 = x + 960y ………(1)
and 18800 = x + \(\frac{y}{100}\) × 108000
∴ 18,800 = x + 1080y ………(2)
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we get
1,200 = 120y
∴ y = 10
Substituting y = 10 in (1), we get
17,600 = x + 960(10)
∴ x = 17,600 – 9,600 = 8,000
∴ Salary of the salesman = ₹ 8,000
Rate of commission = 10%

Question 8.
A merchant buys some mixers at a 15% discount on catalogue price. The catalogue price is ₹ 5,500 per price of the mixer. The freight charges amount to 2\(\frac{1}{2}\)% on the catalogue price. The merchant sells each mixer at a 5% discount on the catalogue price. His net profit is ₹ 41,250, Find the number of mixers.
Solution:
Catalogue price of a mixer = ₹ 5,500
Trade discount = 15% on catalogue price
= \(\frac{15}{100}\) × 5,500
= ₹ 825
Freight charges = 2\(\frac{1}{2}\)% of the catalogue price
= \(\frac{5}{2} \times \frac{1}{100} \times 5,500\)
= ₹ 137.5
∴ Cost price of a mixer for the merchant = 5,500 – 825 + 137.5 = 4,812,5
Catalogue price = ₹ 5,500
Rate of discount = 5%
∴ Selling price of one mixer = 5500 – \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 5,500 = ₹ 5,225
∴ Profit on one mixer = 5,225 – 4,812.5 = ₹ 412.5
Now, total profit = ₹ 41,250
∴ Number of mixers = \(\frac{41,250}{412.5}\) = 100
Thus the number of mixers is 100.

Question 9.
A bill is drawn for ₹ 7,000 on 3rd May for 3 months and is discounted on 25th May at 5.5% Find the present worth.
Solution:
Face value of the bill = ₹ 7,000
Date of drawing = 3rd May
Period = 3 months
Normal due date = 3rd August
Legal due date = 6th August
Rate of interest = 5.5%
Date of discounting = 25th May
Unexpired period (number of days from date of discounting to legal due date)

∴ Bankers discount = 7,000 × \(\frac{73}{365} \times \frac{5.5}{100}\) = ₹ 77
Also PW = SD – BD
= 7,000 – 77
= ₹ 6,923
∴ Present worth is ₹ 6,923

Question 10.
A bill was drawn on 14th April 2005 for ₹ 3,500 and was discounted on 6th July 2005 at 5% per annum. The banker paid ₹ 3,465 for the bill. Find the period of the bill.
Solution:
Face value of the bill = ₹ 3,500
Date of drawing = 14/04/2005
Date of discount = 06/07/2005
Rate of interest = 5%
Cash value = ₹ 3,465
Bankers discount = Face value – Cash value
= 3,500 – 3,465
= ₹ 35
Let the unexpired days be n days
∴ BD = \(\frac{\mathrm{FV} \times n \times r}{365 \times 100}\)
∴ 35 = \(\frac{3,500 \times n \times 5}{365 \times 100}\)
∴ n = 73 days
Thus, legal due date is 73 days from the date of discounting

∴ Legal due date = 17/09/2005
∴ Nominal due date = 14/09/2005
∴ The period of the bill is 5 months

Question 11.
The difference between true discount and banker’s discount on 6 months hence at 4% p.a. is ₹ 80. Find the true discount, banker’s discount, and amount of the bill.
Solution:
BG = BD – TD
∴ BG = ₹ 80
Also BG = \(\frac{\mathrm{TD} \times n \times r}{100}\)
∴ 80 = \(\frac{\mathrm{TD} \times 6 \times 4}{12 \times 100}\)
∴ TD = \(\frac{80 \times 100}{2}\)
∴ TD = ₹ 4,000
Now BD = TD + BG
= 4,000 + 80
= ₹ 4,080
Also, BD = \(\frac{\mathrm{FV} \times n \times r}{100}\)
∴ 4,080 = \(\frac{\mathrm{FV} \times 6 \times 4}{12 \times 100}\)
∴ FV = \(\frac{4,080 \times 100}{2}\)
∴ FV = ₹ 2,04,000
Amount of the bill = ₹ 2,04,000

Question 12.
A manufacturer makes a clear profit of 30% on the cost after allowing a 35% discount. If the cost of production rises by 20%, by what percentage should he reduce the rate of discount so as to make the same rate of profit keeping his list prices unaltered.
Solution:
Rate of discount = 35%
Let the list price be ₹ 100.
Then discount at 35% = ₹ 35
∴ Net selling price = 100 – 35 = ₹ 65 ……..(1)
The manufacturer makes a clear profit of 30% on the cost after allowing a 35% Discount.
Let the cost be ₹ 100.
Then selling price at 30% profit is 100 + 30 = ₹ 130.
Thus, if the net selling price is ₹ 130, then the cost price is ₹ 100.
But, the net selling price is ₹ 130, then the cost price is ₹ 65 ……[from (1)]
∴ The cost price is \(\frac{65}{130} \times 100\) = ₹ 50
Hence, we have,

Now, the cost of production has increased by 20%.
Let the old cost price be ₹ 100.
∴ The new cost price is ₹ 120.
But, the old cost price is ₹ 50.
∴ The new cost price is = \(\frac{50}{100} \times 120\) = ₹ 60.
The old net price is ₹ 65.
Now 20% of ₹ 65 = \(\frac{20}{100} \times 65\) = ₹ 13
∴ New net price = 65 + 13 = ₹ 78
Hence, we have

Now, 100 – 78 = ₹ 22
Thus, the rate of discount should be reduced by 22%, The original rate of discount is 35%.
Hence, the reduction in discount should be (35 – 22)% = 13%
so as to make the same rate of profit, keeping the list price unaltered.

Question 13.
A trader offers a 25% discount on the catalogue price of the radio and yet makes a 20% profit. If he gains ₹ 160 per radio, what must be the catalogue price of the radio?
Solution:
Rate of discount = 25% on the catalogue price of a radio.
Let the catalogue price of the radio be ₹ 100.
Then, the discount on a radio = ₹ 25.
Net selling price = 100 – 25 = ₹ 75.
He makes a profit of 20%.
Let the cost price be ₹ 100.
Then, at 20% profit, net selling price = ₹ 120.
Thus, if net SP is ₹ 120, then cost price is ₹ 100.
But, the net SP is ₹ 75.
∴ The cost price is \(\frac{75}{120}\) × 100 = \(\frac{750}{12}\) = ₹ 62.50
∴ Profit on a radio set = 75 – 62.5 = ₹ 12.50
Thus, if the profit on a radio set is ₹ 12.50 then its catalogue price is ₹ 100.
But the profit on a radio set is ₹ 160.
∴ The catalogue price of radio = \(\frac{160}{12.50}\) × 100
= 12.80 × 100
= ₹ 1,280
∴ Thus, the catalogue price of the radio is ₹ 1280

Question 14.
A bill of ₹ 4,800 was drawn on 9th March 2006 at 6 months and was discounted on 19th April 2006 for 6\(\frac{1}{4}\)% p.a. How much does the banker charge and how much does the holder receive?
Solution:
Face value of the bill = ₹ 4.800
Date of drawing = 09/03/2006
Period of the bill = 6 months
Normal due date = 09/09/2006
Legal due date = 12/09/2006
Rate of discount = 6\(\frac{1}{4}\)% = 6.25%
Now, for the unexpired

Thus the banker charges ₹ 120
Amount received by the holder = 4,800 – 120 = ₹ 4,680

Question 15.
A bill of ₹ 65,700 drawn on July 10 for 6 months was discounted for ₹ 65,160 at 5% p.a. On what day was the bill discounted?
Solution:
BD = FV – Cash value
= 65,700 – 65,160
= ₹ 540
Let the unexpired days be x days
BD = \(\frac{\mathrm{FV} \times n \times r}{100}\)
∴ 540 = \(\frac{65,700 \times x \times 5}{365 \times 100}\)
∴ x = 60 days
The unexpired days = 60 days
Date-of drawing = 10th July
Period of the bill = 6 months
Nominal due date = 10th January (next year)
Legal due date = 13th January (next year)
Then the date of discount is 60 days before, the legal due date

∴ The date of discounting is 14th November

Question 16.
An agent sold a car and charged a 3% commission on the sale value. If the owner of the car received ₹ 48,500, find the sale value of the car. If the agent charged 2% from the buyer, find his total remuneration.
Solution:
Let the sale value of the car be ₹ x
Rate of commission of the agent = 3%
Since the owner received ₹ 48,500 after agent has charged his commission
x – \(\frac{3 x}{100}\) = 48500
∴ \(\frac{97 x}{100}\) = 48500
∴ x = \(\frac{48,500 \times 100}{97}\)
∴ x = ₹ 50,000
∴ Sale value of the car = ₹ 50,000
Against commission received from the owner = \(\frac{3}{100}\) × 50,000 = ₹ 1500
Against commission received from the buyer = \(\frac{2}{100}\) × 50,000 = ₹ 1000
∴ Agents total remuneration = 1,500 + 1,000 = ₹ 2,500

Question 17.
An agent is paid a commission of 4% on cash sales and 6% on credit sales made by him. If on the sale of ₹ 51,000 the agent claims a total commission of ₹ 2,700, find the sales made by him for cash and on credit.
Solution:
Total sales = ₹ 51,000
Let eash sales be ₹ x
∴ Credit sales = ₹ (51,000 – x)
Agent’s commission on cash sales = 4%
= \(\frac{4}{100}\) × x
= \(\frac{4x}{100}\)
Commission on credit sales = 6%
= \(\frac{6}{100}\)(51,000 – x)
Given total commission = ₹ 2,700

∴ Cash sales = ₹ 18,000
∴ Credit sales = 51,000 – 18,000 = ₹ 33,000

12th Commerce Maths Digest Pdf

• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 1.1 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Exercise 1.2 Solutions
• 12th Commerce Maths Miscellaneous Exercise 1 Solutions