Bhagya – Page 16 – Maharashtra Board Solutions

India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 12 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 12 India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 12 Question Answer India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 12 India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 12 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
The coin hoards found in ____________ had Roman gold coins in it.
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Karnataka
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(a) Tamil Nadu

Question 2.
The famous king Hammurabi had ruled the kingdom of ____________
(a) Syria
(b) Babylon
(c) China
(d) Greece
Answer:
(b) Babylon

Question 3.
The route that links Asia and ____________ is referred as the ‘Silk Route’.
(a) Europe
(b) Africa
(c) America
(d) Russia
Answer:
(a) Europe

Question 4.
‘White Horse Temple is the first Buddhist temple built in ____________
(a) India
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) Egypt
Answer:
(c) China

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(1) Strabo	Geographia
(2) Pliny the Elder	Naturalis Historia
(3) Hippalus	Hippokura
(4) Arrian	Indica

Answer:
(3) Hippalus – Periplus of the Erythrean Sea

1C. Write the names.

Question 1.
A place in the Gandhara region enlisted as a World Cultural heritage.
Answer:
Takht-i-Bahi

Question 2.
Buddhist monks in the 4th century B.C.E. translated many Buddhist texts into the Chinese language.
Answer:
Kumarjeeva

2. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 12 India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China 2 Q1
Answer:

3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
Buddhism reached China during the Kushana period.
Answer:

The Ancient Kapisha (Begram)was an additional capital of the Kushanas which was located on the silk route at a vantage point.
The trade route from Afghanistan to China was under the rule of the Kushanas.
This route starting from Taxila crossing through Khyber Pass to Bamiyan in Afghanistan and from there to China through the plateau of Pamir.
In the Kushana period, Buddhism reached China by this trade route.

Question 2.
The merchants rarely used the shorter line of the Silk Route.
Answer:

One of the major lines of the Silk Route linked China and India and then extended further to Central Asia linking one oasis to the other in the desert.
It was easier for the merchants and travellers to find accommodation and food in the oasis cities. They also found a ready market for their merchandise.
Another line crossed through the stepped to the north of the mainline. The journey on this line is relatively shorter.
It was rarely used by merchants as it was infested by troublesome pastoral tribes and hardly have any accommodation and food facilities on route.

4. State your opinion.

Question 1.
There was a close cultural association between the Gandhara region and India before the advent of Islam.
Answer:

Gandhara was favourably situated on the trade route that linked India and Central Asia.
It had close cultural connections with India from the ancient period of Janapadas till the introduction of Islam.
Whether it was the invaders from Central Asia, or the Buddhist monks sent out by Emperor Ashoka, or the Chinese monks traveling to India, all had to pass through Afghanistan.
Thus, there were close cultural associations between the Gandhara region and India before the advent of Islam.

5. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Shahji-ki-Dheri
Answer:

The Chinese monks like Fa-Hien, Yuan Chwang, who travelled through India have described the Buddhist viharas and stupas in India.
There are numerous remains of viharas and stupas in Afghanistan. Among them, a place called ‘Shahji-ki-Dheri’ near Peshawar in Pakistan was excavated.
This stupa was built during Kanishka’s period.
It is also known as ‘Kanishaka’s Stupa’. According to prevailing tradition, the sacred remains in the box (karandaka) found there are of Gautama Buddha.
The box has an inscription. It also mentions the name ‘Agnishala’, the main supervisor of the building work of ‘Kanishka Vihara’.
This box is in the Peshawar museum at present.

Question 2.
The Bamiyan Buddhas.
Answer:

The Bamiyan Buddhas are in Bamiyan, 250 km away from Kabul.
About 750 caves have been hewn out in one of the cliffs of the mountain ranges known as ‘Kuh- e-Baba’.
Beautiful murals have been painted inside these caves.
The same cliff has niches of two standing Buddha statues in stucco. One of them was 53 meters tall the other was 38 meters.
The core was plastered with several layers of mud mixed with straw. The folds of Gautama Buddha’s robes were modeled in this clay plaster.
Buddha’s forearms were supported with the help of wooden armatures and fixed with wooden pegs.
According to Yuan Chwang, the statues were surrounded by colourful murals and even the statues were painted with gold coating and precious stones.
The ‘Bamiyan Statues of Buddha’ are declared as the World Cultural Heritage.

6. Answers the following questions with the help of given points.

Question 1.
Write about the ties between ancient India and China.
(a) Trade relations
(b) The spread of Buddhism in China
(c) Serendian art style
Answer:
(a) Trade relations:

The Silk Route links Asia and Europe. It runs more than 6000 km.
It was easier for Merchants and travellers to find facilities of accommodation and food in the oasis cities.
They also found a ready market for their merchandise.
Another line crossed through the steppes to the north of this mainline. The journey on this line was relatively shorter.
However, it was rarely used by merchants as it was infested by troublesome pastoral tribes and it hardly had any accommodation and food facilities en route.

(b) The spread of Buddhism in China:

Buddhism spread in the 1st century C.E. This also introduced a new trend in Chinese art.
Many of the Mahayana Buddhist monks who arrived in China hailed from Central Asia.
Their presence in China inspired the making of images of Gautama Buddha and Bodhisattva.

Serendian art style that originated in the Xinjiang province is known as ‘Serendian Art Style’ (Seres meaning China + India).
This art was influenced by Gandhara art. It presents a combination of Greek, Persian, and Chinese art forms.
Many styles were brought to light during excavations by Sir Aurel Stein.

Activity

Collect more information about the ‘Silk Route’ with the help of the internet.
Answer:

The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that went along the northern borders of China, India, and Persia and ended up in Eastern Europe near today’s Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Silk Road was important because it helped to generate trade and commerce between a number of different kingdoms and empires.
The route included a group of trading posts and markets that were used to help in the storage, transport, and exchange of goods.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Kingdoms in South India Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 11 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 11 Kingdoms in South India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 11 Question Answer Kingdoms in South India Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 11 Kingdoms in South India Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 11 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write complete sentences.

Question 1.
The name of the well-known king of Vakatak dynasty was ______________
(a) Sarvasena
(b) Pravarasena
(c) Jaising
(d) Chandragupta
Answer:
(b) Pravarasena

Question 2.
After the conquest in South, Pulakeshin II took up the title of ______________
(a) Parameshwara
(b) Vishayapati
(c) Deshadhipati
(d) Satyajay
Answer:
(a) Parameshwara

Question 3.
Kalidasa composed ______________ at Ramtek in Vidarbha.
(a) Shakuntal
(b) Meghdoot
(c) Malavikagnimitra
(d) Harivijay
Answer:
(b) Meghdoot

Question 4.
The world famous Kailasa temple was built during the ______________ period.
(a) Chalukya
(b) Pallava
(c) Cher
(d) Rashtrakuta
Answer:
(d) Rashtrakuta

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Setubandh	Panini
(b) Harivijay	Sarvasena
(c) Indica	Megasthenes
(d) Sangit Ratnakar	Sharangdev

Answer:
(a) Ashtadhyayi – Panini

2. Explain the following statement with reasons.

Question 1.
A strong rule of the Chalukyas was created in south India.
Answer:

The Chalukya dynasty ruled in the south for approximately 200 years.
Jaising the founder of this dynasty established his capital at Vatapi (Badami) Pulakeshin I was an important king of this dynasty who performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice.
After him, his son Kirtivarman I came to power. During his reign, he conquered the Kadambas of Vanvasi (Karwar) and Mauryas of Aparanta (North Konkan) and expanded his rule.
The greatest king of the Chalukyas was Pulakeshin II.
He performed the Digvijaya and strengthened the power of the Chalukyas.
His achievements are described by Ravikirti, a poet. He defeated Harshavardhan thus, acquiring great fame.

Question 2.
Yadava period has special importance in the history of Maharashtra.
Answer:

Yadava dynasty is one of the important dynasties of Medieval Maharashtra.
During this period there was a notable development in the cultural sphere of Maharashtra.
The Mahanubhav and Warkari sects had a beginning in the Yadava period.
During this period, Patan in Khandesh, Solotagi in Karnataka, and Paithan in Maharashtra became important centers of learning.
Sanskrit texts were written on subjects like Dharmashastra, ‘Purva Mimansa’ (philosophical text), Nyaya, and Vedanta.
Many important texts were composed at this time for eg. the composition of saint poets like Namadeva, Janabai, etc.
Many temples were built of the Hemadipanti style at this time.
An important feature of the Hemadipanti temples is that no mortar was used.

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
The administrative system in South India
Answer:

There were officials like ‘Mahadandanayaka’, ‘Rashtrika’, ‘Deshadhikruta’, ‘Amatya’, ‘Ayukta’, etc.
The council of officers in the Chola kingdom was called ‘Udankuttam’.
The kingdom was divided into many provinces. These provinces were known as ‘Mandalam’.
A member of the royal family was the chief of the Mandalam.
There were many officers under him such as ‘Vishayapati’, ‘Deshadhipati’, ‘Deshadhikrut’, ‘Rashtrika’, etc.
The administration of the Southern kingdoms was very efficient. Village autonomy was an important feature.
The ‘Gramasabha’ (village council) looked after the village administration.
The head of the Gramasabha was known by different names such as ‘Gramabhojaka’, ‘Gramakuta’ etc.
Land revenue was the main source of income for the state.
Apart from it the excise tax, professional tax, pilgrimage tax were the sources of income.

Question 2.
Coins in South Indian dynasties.
Answer:

The Maurya coins were in circulation in South India.
After the decline of Mauryas, the Pandyas issued their own punch-marked coins.
The images like sun, horse, stupa, tree, fish were carved on it.
On the Chera coins, there used to be a bow and arrow on one side and an image of an elephant on the other.
On the Chola coins, the symbol of the tiger as the royal emblem of Cholas is depicted.
The Chola coins were made of gold, silver and the legends were inscribed in the Devnagari script.
The coins belonging to Chalukya king Rajaraja are issued in three metals gold, silver, and copper, with the image of Rajaraja and a tiger.
Due to the trade with Rome, many Roman coins are found.

4. Answer the following questions in brief with the help of the points given below.

Question 1.
Describe the rule of the Shilahara dynasty
(a) Founder
(b) Shilahara of South Konkan
(c) Shilaharas of North Konkan
(d) Shilaharas of Kolhapur
Answer:
(a) Founder: Jimutvahan is considered to be the founder of all three branches. They ruled for almost three hundred years as the feudatories of Rashtrakutas and later the Chalukyas.

(b) Shilahara of South Konkan: Sanafulla established the South Konkan branch of Shilaharas. His son, Dhammiyar set up the village of Vallipattana and built a fort there. Later King Adityavarma expanded his kingdom from Thane to Goa. Rattaraj was the last ruler of this dynasty. One of the copper plates found at Kharepatan gives an account of the history of this dynasty.

(c) Shilaharas of North Konkan: Kapardi established the North Konkan branch of Shilaharas. Their capital was at Sthanak (Thane). Aparajita was an important king of this branch. He ruled for around thirty-five years. He was followed by Chittaraj.

(d) Shilaharas of Kolhapur: The modern districts of Satara, Sangli, Ratnagiri, and Belgaum were included in this kingdom. Jatiga established the Kolhapur branch of Shilaharas. Bhoj II was an important king of this dynasty. Kolhapur, Valivade, and Panhala were the capitals of this kingdom. ‘Koppeshwar Mahadev’ temple at Khidrapur was the creation of Shilaharas.

Activity

Visit the Kailasa temple at Ellora and prepare a detailed note.
Answer:

The Kailasa temple is one of the 100 odd rock-cut cave temples and monasteries at Ellora.
It is carved from a single, gigantic rock.
Lies around 30 km northwest of Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
Only 34 are accessible to the public.
Ellora or Verul to the locals was located on an ancient South Asian trade.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Changing Times Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 10 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 10 Changing Times Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 10 Question Answer Changing Times Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 10 Changing Times Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 10 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write complete sentences.

Question 1.
The history of Indo-Greeks is known through their _____________
(a) literature
(b) inscription
(c) coins
(d) pottery
Answer:
(c) coins

Question 2.
Gupta dynasty was founded by _____________
(a) Sri Gupta
(b) Ghatotkach
(c) Samudragupta
(d) Ramgupta
Answer:
(a) Sri Gupta

Question 3.
After accession by defeating the Shakas _____________ took up the title of ‘Vikramaditya’.
(a) Chandragupta II
(b) Ramgupta
(c) Chandragupta I
(d) Kumaragupta
Answer:
(a) Chandragupta II

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Kshaum	Linen Cloth
(b) Pushpaptta	Cotton Cloth
(c) Dukul	Silk Cloth
(d) Amshuka	Muslin Cloth

Answer:
(b) Pushpatta – Floral designs

2. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
During the Gupta period, the power was concentrated in the hands of local landlords.
Answer:

During the Gupta period, lands were granted to civil and military officers instead of salaries.
The roots of the feudal system can be found in this period.
It is believed that the feudal economy brought about the decline of urban centers.
Because of revenue tax exemption on the donated land, the revenue too decreased and the royal treasury was depleted.
It was concentrated in the hands of locals’ landlords. Because of this the king no longer remained in the center of power.

Question 2.
Every tide of the Huna invasion made the Gupta rule weaker.
Answer:

During the period of Kumargupta son of Chandragupta II, the Huna in India began.
Kumargupta withheld the attacks of Hunas.
After Kumargupta, the succeeding kings proved to be incapable of protecting their kingdom.
Finally, the Gupta empire disintegrated into many and small kingdoms.

3. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Samudragupta performed the Asvamedha sacrifice after Digvijaya.
Answer:

Samudraguptas ambition was to rule entire India as a unified empire.
Samudragupta first conquered neighbouring kingdoms.
After the conquest in the North, he carried out an expedition in the south to conquer the southern kingdoms. The rulers of the regions beyond this conquered area became his feudatories.
He made them accept his suzerainty.
After this conquest (Digvijay) Samudragupta performed the Ashwamedha Sacrifice and proclaimed himself as Chakravarti king.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Gupta Sculptures
Answer:

The human figure was the central theme of the sculptures in the Gupta period.
Human sculptures and images of deities were created during this period.
Sculptures belonging to this period are found at many places such as Sarnath, Devgadh, Ajanta.
During this period, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain religious icons were made of stone, metals, and terracotta.

Question 2.
Indo-Roman trade
Answer:

The Periplus of Erythrean Sea written in the mid 1st century C.E mentions the Red sea and the sea routes connecting coastal lines, ports, provinces, goods exchanged in trade.
Items like textiles, black pepper, precious stones, ivory, and animals such as monkeys, parrots, and peacocks for entertainment were exported from India.
Gold coins were the medium of exchange. Coral and liquor were items of import.
A large amount of these gold coins found in south India gives an extent of the trade.
The growing trade between Rome and India saw the rise of several markets and cities.
Ter, Nevasa, Bhokardan were some of the places where commodities were stored.
The port of Sopara and Kalyan were important centers of Indo-Roman trade.

5. Answers the following questions with the help of given points.

Question 1.
How did the standardization in various sections during the Gupta period take place?
(a) Division of Gupta administration
(b) Changes in economic structure economy of agriculture
(c) Development of Gupta coinage.
Answer:
(a) Division of Gupta Administrations:

During the Gupta period, the king was the center of administration. The Prince, Amatya (ministers), and advisors helped him. Many times, the prince was appointed as viceroy who looked after the provincial administration.
Every province was subdivisions These subdivisions were called Vishaya There was an independent administrator appointed to these Visayas. They were known as ‘Vishayapath’.
‘Kumaramatya’ were the provincial officers and ‘Ayuktak’ were the officials who looked after the affairs of the districts.
Gupta’s administration was decentralized. Many decisions were taken.

(b) Changes in the economic structure, economy of agriculture:

The economic structure of the agricultural system was changed by the Gupta kings.
They preferred giving land to local farmers for tilling. Land donations were also made for the cause of religion and learning. These lands were tax-free.
They were called Agraharas
The civil and military officers were granted land grants instead of salaries. Because of revenue tax exemption on the donated land.
The power was concentrated on the local landlord
Sugarcane and wheat were cultivated in the northwest province of the Gupta empire while the rice was cultivated in Magadha and eastern regions.

Gold Smiths enjoyed a high social status in this period.
The gold coins are excellent examples of their skills.
The beautiful and realistic portrayal of various aspects of the king is the characteristic of Gupta Coins.

Activity

Collect more information about ‘Harshacharita’ written by Banabhatta, with the help of the internet.
Answer:

‘Harshacharita’ is a biography of Indian Emperor Harsha by Banabhatta also known as Bana, who was a Sanskrit writer of seventh century C.E., India.
This work is in Sanskrit. It has been categorized as an akhyayika (legend), a romanticized yet historical account.
Harshacharita has been written in a florid and fanciful style.
Bana has in detail and vividly described rural India’s natural environment as well as the extraordinary industry of the Indian people.
This work presents the emperor’s actions in an overly favourable light.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Post Mauryan India Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 9 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 9 Post Mauryan India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 9 Question Answer Post Mauryan India Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 9 Post Mauryan India Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 9 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write complete sentences.

Question 1.
The last emperor of the Mauryan dynasty was ______________
(a) Ajatshatru
(b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Brihadratha
(d) Emperor Ashoka
Answer:
(c) Brihadratha

Question 2.
The Nashik inscription, mentions king ______________ as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’.
(a) Gautamiputra Satakarni
(b) Hala
(c) Yadnashre Satakarni
(d) Simuka
Answer:
(a) Gautamiputra Satakarni

Question 3.
Satavahana King, Hala, compiled ______________
(a) Brihatkatha
(b) Gatha Saptashati
(c) Katantra
(d) Meghadoota
Answer:
(b) Gadha saptashati

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Kalidasa	Malavikagnimitram
(b) Gunadhya	Gatha Saptashati
(c) Sarvavarma	Katantra
(d) Patanjali	Mahabhashya

Answer:
(b) Gunadhya – Brihatkatha

2. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
During the Satavahana period, there was the rise of many trade centers.
Answer:

During the Satavahana period, many industries and trade flourished.
Various shrenis (guilds) emerged during this period.
The trade and industries were controlled with the help of these shrenis. The shrenis also provided loans. Indo-Roman trade also flourished during this period.
Trade centres like Pratishthan (Paithan), Tagar (Ter), Nasik (Nashik), Karhatak (Karhad) during the Satavahana period.

Question 2.
The caste system became rigid during the Satavahana period.
Answer:

The society of Satavahanas was organized into four varnas.
The caste system during this period became deep-rooted.
The intermixture of varnas and castes, the closed nature of different guilds, need of including foreigners in the social structure were some of the reasons why the caste system became rigid.

3 Give your opinion.

Question 1.
Prakrit language was encouraged during the Satavahanas period.
Answer:

Learning and art received royal patronage during the Satavahana period.
Prakrit language and literature flourished during this period.
Hala, the seventeenth king of the Satavahanas compiled ‘Gathasaptashati’.
Gunadhya, a minister in his court wrote a text ‘Brihatkatha’ in Prakrit language named Paishachi.
Thus, the Prakrit language was encouraged during the Satavahanas period.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Nashik inscription of Gautami Balasri
Answer:

The reign and achievements of Satavahana Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni can be found in the Nashik inscription of his mother Gautami Balashri.
Gautamiputra Satakarni is mentioned as ‘Shakapahlavyavannisudan’ i.e., destroyer of Shakas, Pallavas, and Greeks,
Satavahanakulayashahpratishthapankar’ i.e., one who reinstalled the success of the Satavahana family and ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ i.e., one whose horses drank the water of the three seas.

Question 2.
Naneghat-ancient trade route in Maharashtra
Answer:

Naneghat is a mountain pass on the ancient trade route in Maharashtra.
This route connects the ancient town of ‘Jirnanagar’ (Junnar) and the Kokan province.
Sopara and Kalyan were the most important trade centers in ancient Maharashtra.
Internal as well as foreign trade was carried on from these towns.
Goods imported from Rome were unloaded at Sopara and from there it was carried over to Paithan and Kolhapur.

Question 3.
Gatha Saptashati
Answer:

Hala compiled several poems in Prakrit. He selected 700 verses and compiled them and named them ‘Gaha Sattasai’ (Gatha Saptashati).
This was the first text compared in the Maharashtri Prakrit language.
The subject of these poems portrays human nature and transaction.
Various religious observance, ethical norms, and contemporary festivals are described in it. Gathasaptasati reflects the social life in Maharashtra of the Satavahana period.

5. Write information about the Satavahana dynasty with the help of given points.

Question 1.
(a) Rise and expansion
(b) Administrative system
(c) Trade and industries
(d) Literature and art
Answer:
(a) Rise and expansion: After the disintegration of the Mauryan Empire, many new powers arose. Among them, the Satavahanas are mentioned as the earliest ruling dynasty in Maharashtra. The Satavahanas ruled over a vast region of Maharashtra, Andhra, and Karnataka. Parithan. Maharashtra was the capital of the Satavahanas. The mention of Puranas the Andhras or Andhrabhrutyas’ Probably these terms refer to the Satavahanas. Simuka was the first Satavahana king to be mentioned in the Naneghat inscription.

The most important king of this dynasty was Shri Satakarni, Hala, Gautamiputra Satakarni and Yajna Satakarni. Gautamiputra Satakarni conquered the Shakas and also Central India and the entire regions of Dakshinapatha. He also established his dominance over the Republic states in Central India and Rajasthan. Gautamiputra proved his strength by gaining victory over Nahapana. The Satavahana rule became weak due to the constant struggle between Shakas and Satavahanas.

(b) Administrative system: The state was divided into small provinces. Every province was under civil and military officials. Civil officials such as ‘Amatya’ ‘Mahabhoj’ and military officials such as ‘Mahasenapati’ and ‘Maharathi’ were appointed. Grama (village) was the smallest unit of administration. Grama was a source of revenue and also for the recruitment of soldiers during war-like situations. Grama was an integral part of the central machinery.

(c) Trade and industries: Agriculture was the main source of income. Along with it many industries and trade flourished. Various Shrenis (Guilds) also emerged during this period. The trade and industries were controlled with the help of these shrenis. Indo-Roman trade also flourished during the Satavahana period. Trade centers like Pratishthan (Paithan), Tagar (Ter), Nasik (Nashik), Karhatak (Karhad) developed during this period. Cotton cloth, muslin, and sackcloth, and other merchandise were the terms of trade. Kalyan, Sopara, Bhadoch were important trade centers.

(d) Literature and art: Learning and art received royal patronage. Prakrit language and literature flourished. Hala compiled ‘Gathasaptashati’. Gunadhya, a minister wrote Brihatkatha in a Prakrit language called Paishachi. Sarvavarma wrote a treatise on Sanskrit grammar named ‘ Katantra’. A new native Indian style emerged in this period. The four gateways (Toranas) of the Sanchi Stupa No.1 built during this period are excellent examples of this style. Many incidents from the life of Gautama Buddha are carved on these gateways. A number of rock-cut caves at Bhaje, Nashik, Karle, etc., belong to this period. Especially the Chaitya at Karle, its magnificent facade entrance and sculptural are the finest examples of the sculptural art of this period.

Activity

Collect information about historical remains in your surrounding area and prepare an information booklet based on the gathered information.
Answer:
Prepare a booklet based on the information gathered on the historical remains.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

India During Mauryan Period Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 8 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 8 India During Mauryan Period Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 8 Question Answer India During Mauryan Period Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 8 India During Mauryan Period Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 8 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
The first well-known king of the Haryank dynasty is _____________
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Bimbisara
(c) Ajatashatru
(d) Mahapadma
Answer:
(b) Bimbisara

Question 2.
The Nanda dynasty was established by _____________
(a) Dhanananda
(b) Shishunaga
(c) Mahapadma Nanda
(d) Emperor Ashoka
Answer:
(c) Mahapadma Nanda

Question 3.
The great drama in Sankrit literature, Swapnavasavadatta, was written by _____________
(a) Kautilya
(b) Bharat
(c) Kalidasa
(d) Bhasa
Answer:
(d) Bhasa

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Built the foundation of the Magadha Empire	Bimbisara
(b) Brought an end to Nanda rule	Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Chinese traveller who visited India during the period of Chandragupta Maurya	Megasthenes
(d) Changed his mind due to the destruction in Kalinga was	Emperor Ashoka

Answer:
(b) Greek ambassador who visited India during the period of Chandragupta Maurya – Megasthenes

2. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
Emperor Ashoka erected many pillars.
Reason _____________
(a) Spread of art
(b) Spread of ‘Dhamma’
(c) Growth of trade
(d) For recognition of his work
Answer:
(a) Spread of art

3. Explain the following Statements with reasons.

Question 1.
Ashoka’s victory at Kalinga proved to be a turning point in history as well as the life of Ashoka.
Answer:

There was a great loss of human life in this (Kalinga)war. Ashoka became victorious.
The destruction caused due to the Kalinga war brought about a great change in the mind of Ashoka.
His mind got diverted towards the non-violent, peaceful Buddhist religion.
The desire of Digvijaya was replaced by Dharma Vijaya (Dhamma Vijaya).
His career proved to be important because of the religious ideals propagated by him and the creation of a mechanism to until it in people’s life.

Question 2.
The war between Chandragupta and the Greek King Seleucus was very important.
Answer:

Chandragupta Maurya defeated the Nandas and established the Mauryan dynasty.
In the text of Mahavamsa, Chandragupta is referred to as ‘the emperor of Jambudvipa i.e. emperor of Bharatvarsh’.
The Mauryas created a huge empire by conquering the big and small states in the northwest, north, and southern regions.
As a consequence, the boundaries of the Mauryan Empire extended to the Hindukush in the northwest.
The Mauryan Empire extended from Hindukush to the Bay of Bengal in the east and Gujarat in the west, as well as the Himalayas in the north to the Krishna river in the south.
Thus, the war between Chandragupta and the Greek King Seleucus was very important.

Question 3.
The Mauryan administration acquired a definite form.
Answer:

Chandragupta Maurya was a valiant king and an efficient administrator.
He set up a defined mechanism of state administration which suited the economic conditions and the needs of the Maurya empire.
The Mauryan emperors created a unified empire.
At the same time, they devised a decentralized administrative system for the efficient functioning of the empire.

4. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Chandragupta Maurya is the first Chakravarti emperor in the history of India.
Answer:

The concept of ‘Chakravarti’ occurs in the literature on ancient Indian polity.
The sovereign ruler whose chariot could roll in all four directions without any obstruction was known as Chakravarti.
It was expected that his rule should be ethical and for the welfare of the state.
During his tenure, the wheel of ‘Ruta’ remains intact. His rule is on an extended territory.
Thus, Chandragupta Maurya was the first Chakravarti Emperor.

Question 2.
The rock edicts of Ashoka are an important source of history.
Answer:

The rock edicts and pillar inscriptions are found in many places in the regions of Afghanistan, Nepal, and India.
These rock edicts and pillar inscriptions give information about the boundaries of the Mauryan empire.
Ashoka’s effects to spreads Buddhist ideals and the written evidence of the spread of Buddhism and Indian culture in distant countries through the Buddhist monks sent by Ashoka occurs in these inscriptions.
Thus, the rock edicts of Ashoka are an important source of history.

Question 3.
Various trade guilds developed during the Mauryan period.
Answer:

During the Mauryan period, there was an increase in revenue due to a well-organized taxation system.
Several industries and professions flourished during this period.
As a result of this these professions were organised into trade guilds, for e.g., there were guilds of carpenters, weavers, farmers, etc.
Thus, Various trade guilds developed during the Mauryan period.

5. Observe the map/picture on page 58 of your textbook and answer the questions based on it.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 8 India During Mauryan Period 3

Question 1.
Regions included in Ashoka’s Empire.
Answer:
Regions of Afghanistan, Nepal, and India are included in Ashoka’s Empire.

Question 2.
Locations of Ashoka’s rock and pillar edicts.
Answer:
Ashoka’s rock edicts are found in locations such as Mansehra, Taxila, Kalsi, Toshali, Maski, Kupaga, Brahmagiri, Siddhapur, Sopara, Girnar, Kasi, Rupnath, Bairat.
Ashoka’s pillar edicts are found in locations such as Topra, Meerut, Nigliva, Rummindei, Lauruja Nandangarh, Saurya, Araraj, Ramparva, Sanchi, Sannati.

Activity

Collect information about the stupas during the period of Ashoka.
Answer:
In the Mauryan Period, mainly in the period of Ashoka numerous stupas were built and scattered all over the country. The stupas of solid domes were constructed of brick or stone of different sizes. The Ashoka stupas were constructed to celebrate the achievements of the Gautam Buddha. It is said that 84,000 stupas were built all over the country. One example of a stupa constructed by Ashoka is that of Sanchi Stupa.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

India and Iran (Persia) Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 7 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 7 India and Iran (Persia) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 7 Question Answer India and Iran (Persia) Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 7 India and Iran (Persia) Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 7 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
The Greek historian ___________ is said to be the father of modern historiography.
(a) Herodotus
(b) Alexander
(c) Scylax
(d) Daryush
Answer:
(a) Herodotus

Question 2.
Taxila was ruled by King ___________ at the time of Alexander’s advent.
(a) Chandragupta
(b) Ambhi
(c) Porus
(d) Shashigupta
Answer:
(b) Ambhi

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Persopolis	City built by Daryush-I
(b) Halicarnassus	Herodotus was born here
(c) Taxila	Centre of knowledge and education
(d) Nysa	Persian settlement

Answer:
(d) Nysa – Greek settlement

1C. Write the names.

Question 1.
Last emperor of Achaemenid Empire-
Answer:
Daryush – III

Question 2.
Name of coins issued by Daryush-I
Answer:
Darik and Siglos

2. Explain the statements with reasons.

Question 1.
Alexander invaded Persia.
Answer:

The Persians invaded Greece but were defeated. Thereafter the conflict between the Achaemenids and Greeks continued over a prolonged time.
An impact of this conflict was to manifest in the way of the invasion of Persia by Alexander III, the King of Macedonia.
Thus, Alexander invaded Persia.

Question 2.
Alexanders’ invasion of India did not have a far-reaching impact on the political scenario of India.
Answer:

Alexander invaded India and conquered some kingdoms from Afghanistan to Sindh-Punjab. He could not however establish his rule for a long time.
After his confrontation with Porus, Alexander proceeded in the direction of Chenab and Ravi.
He conquered the kingdoms on the way and reached the bank of Beas. Alexander’s soldiers had lost spirit and they refused to march forward.
Before setting on the return journey. Alexander handed over the regions in Punjab to Porus and those in Sindh to Ambhi.
He appointed Greek satraps and in 325 B.C.E.
Alexander died in Babylon. After his death, Chandragupta Maurya established his vast empire from Bihar to Afghanistan.

3. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Herodotus is said to be the father of modern history writing.
Answer:

Herodotus was the first historian who collected information-seeking answers to a particular question and then put it in chronological order. While doing this he did not bring in notions like a god, human destiny, etc.
Putting historical events in a chronological sequence became an essential theme of history writing.
This theme proved to be fundamental in the development of history writing as an independent discipline.
Therefore, Herodotus is said to be the father of historiography.

Question 2.
Ancient Taxila was the center of knowledge and education.
Answer:

Buddhist literature and writings of the Greek historians give information about Taxila.
There were several learned individuals (Acharyas) staying in Taxila.
Many students from various regions of the Indian subcontinent were attracted to Taxila because of the fame of the acharyas.
Thus, Taxila had become a great center of education.
Thereby it had assumed the magnitude of a natural university.

4. Answers the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Describe the political and cultural effects of the Achaemenid rule on India.
Answer:

The Persian supremacy prevailed in the Indian subcontinent for at least two centuries.
The Persian rulers set up an administrative system.
Every conquered region was annexed to their territory as a satrapy and a satrap (governor) was appointed as its chief administrator.
A newly opened waterway for the transport between Persia and the Indian subcontinent facilitated trade between Achaemenid provinces in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent and the regions of Sindh-Punjab.
The ivory and teak exported from India had great demand in the Persian markets. The architects, sculptors, and other artisans lost the royal patronage so they had to move out in search of work. They migrated to India.
They received royal patronage in the court of emperor Ashoka. Their style is reflected in the stone pillars erected by Emperor Ashoka.
Thus, the sculptural art in ancient India has its roots in the Persian; and accordingly, in the Greek sculptural style.

Question 2.
Describe Alexander’s invasion of India.
Answer:

Alexander invaded the Indian subcontinent and conquered some kingdoms from Afghanistan to Sindh-Punjab.
He, however, could not establish his rule there for a long time.
Alexander became the king of Macedonia in 334 B.C.E. He defeated emperor Daryush III in 331 B.C.E.
After conquering the region of Kabul, he reached the foothills of the Hindukush mountains.
Then he camped at a place called Nicaea situated on Uttarapatha. Ambhi welcomed Alexander and sought friendship with him.
Alexander conquered almost all kingdoms in Kabul, Sindh, and Punjab.
On the bank of Jhelum, Alexander and King Porus confronted each other and there was a fierce battle between them.
Porus was defeated but Alexander and his army were greatly influenced by his valour.
Alexander’s soldiers had lost spirit due to the frequent battles and refused to march forward. Alexander was forced to return.
Before returning, Alexander handed over the regions in Punjab.

Activity

Collect additional information about the palace at Persepolis and Apadana at Susa with the help of the internet.
Answer:

Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire.
Earliest evidence shows that the earliest remains of Persepolis date back to 515 BC.
Apadana at Susa.
Apadana is a large hypostyle hall. The palace complex in Susa, Iran, the capital of the Achaemenid Empire.
The construction was parallel to that of Persepolis. This palace was built during the reign of Darius I, the Great.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Second Urbanisation in India Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 6 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 6 Second Urbanisation in India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 6 Question Answer Second Urbanisation in India Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 6 Second Urbanisation in India Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 6 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
Ashmaka is the name in ____________ language.
(a) Pali
(b) Sanskrit
(c) Ardhamagadhi
(d) Prakrit
Answer:
(b) Sanskrit

Question 2.
The capital of Kashi Mahajanapadas was ____________
(a) Gorakhpur
(b) Chandranagar
(c) Raj agriha
(d) Varanasi
Answer:
(d) Varanasi

Question 3.
Gautam Buddha was born in ____________
(a) Kushinagara
(b) Sarnath
(c) Lumbini
(d) Pataliputra
Answer:
(c) Lumbini

Question 4.
The river ____________ was the natural boundary between Uttara Panchala and Dakshina Panchala.
(a) Yamuna
(b) Bhagirathi
(c) Ganga
(d) Niranjana
Answer:
(b) Bhagirathi

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Kosala	Shravasti
(b) Anga	Champa
(c) Matsya	Mathura
(d) Gandhara	Taxila

Answer:
(c) Matsya – Virat Nagar

2. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
Gautam Buddha travelled continuously for 45 years ____________
(a) in search of a Guru
(b) to practice austerities
(c) to preach dhamma
(d) to attain enlightenment
Answer:
(c) to preach dhamma

3. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 6 Second Urbanisation in India 3 Q1
Answer:

4. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
The rise of Mahajanpadas came into being.
Answer:

By 600 B.C.E. sixteen Mahajanapadas were established in India, from the northwest region to Magadha.
Conquering other janapadas and annexing their territory permanently to one’s own, became a regular practice in the times of Mahajanapadas.
Ultimately, this conflict resulted in the creation of a large empire like Magadha.
Ancient India once again witnessed the rise of cities.

Question 2.
The process of second urbanisation began in ancient India.
Answer:

The Janapadas with definite geographic borders and administrative systems were established roughly around 1000 B.C.E.
It resulted in the creation of sixteen Mahajanapadas from Afghanistan stretching to the banks of the Godavari in the south.
The capital cities of the mahajanapadas and some other cities, which flourished because of prospering trade once again brought the age of urbanisation in India.
It is known as the ‘Second Urbanisation’.
By the 6th century B.C.E. these and a few other cities had become very prosperous.
Thus, the process of second urbanisation began in ancient India.

Question 3.
Vardhamana Mahavira and Gautama Buddha attracted a large number of followers.
Answer:

Among the various stream of thought that arose in the 6th B.C.E, a large number of people were attracted to the teaching of Vardhamana Mahavira and Gautama Buddha.
Their teachings showed the way to overcome the disparity in the society resulted from the Varna and caste system.
At the age of 42, Vardhamana Mahavira attained absolute knowledge (Keval Dnyana).
Thereafter, people started addressing him as ‘Kevali’, ‘Jina’ and ‘Mahavira’.
While Buddha attained enlightenment at the age of 35. After that, he was known as ‘Buddha’, ‘Tathagata’ and also as ‘Shakyamuni’.

5. Explain the following concepts.

Question 1.
Nastik Darshan
Answer:

Nastik Darshan refers to the Jain and the Buddhist schools of thought.
In other words, both, the Jain and the Buddhist schools of thought are considered as the ‘nastik’
Both refuse to accept the authority of the Vedas and the Vedic rituals.
Both the schools had followers in large numbers from all strata of the society.

Question 2.
The eightfold path was preached by Gautama Buddha.
Answer:
Gautama Buddha explained the eightfold path by including:

Samyak Drishti (To understand and accept that nothing happens against the rules of nature)
Samyak Sankalp (Right determination)
Samyak Vacha (Right speech)
Samyak Karmanta (Right behaviour)
Samyak Aajiva (Livelihood by right means)
Samyak Vyayam (Conscious avoidance of offensive things)
Samyak Smriti (Watchfulness and memory of right things)
Samyak Samadhi (Establishing the mind firmly in equanimity; a state beyond pleasure and sorrow)

6. Describe the administrative system of the Mahajanapadas with the help of the following points.

Question 1.
(a) Terms showing types of states
(b) King’s installation
(c) Authority of the king
(d) Decision-making
Answer:
(a) Terms showing types of states: Rajya, Swarajya, Bhavjya, Vairajya, Maharajya, Samrajya, and Prameshthya were the different types of states that existed during the 6th B.C.E.

(b) King’s installation: A ‘Raja’ was expected to be a ‘Kshtriya’ and according to the existing norms, a Brahmin was expected to refrain from accepting the position of a Raja. The position of Raja was generally hereditary. However, at times, a king was elected by the people.

(c) Authority of the king: The coronation of a king gave him absolute authority over his subjects. He was the one to decide the amount of taxes to be collected from them. He was the ultimate lord of all the land in his kingdom and so he could donate any portion of that land according to his wish. Nevertheless, his power was not totally unrestricted.

(d) Decision-making: The king made his decisions by seeking advice from his officials such as Purohita, Senani, Amatya, Gramani, etc. Besides, there was an assembly of people of all classes. When it assembled everybody present could participate in the decision-making process. There were times when people’s assemblies made a king steps down from the throne.

Activity 1.

Collect and compile the information about Jain Tirthankaras.
Answer:
A “Tirthankara” is a saviour and spiritual teacher of the Jain dharma. Tirthankara in Sanskrit means ‘Ford-maker’ and is also known as “Jina” or “Victor”.
A Tirthankara is a rare individual who has conquered samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth
There were 24 Tirthankaras in Jainism. They are as follows:

Lord Rishabhdev
Lord Ajitnath
Lord Sambhavnath
Lord Abhinandananath
Lord Sumatinath
Lord Padmaprabh
Lord Suparshvanath
Lord Chandraprabh
Lord Suvidhinath Swami or Puspadanta
Lord Sheetalnath
Lord Shreyansnath
Lord Vasupujya
Lord Vimalnath
Lord Anantnath
Lord Dharmnath
Lord Shantinath
Lord Kunthunath
Lord Aranath
Lord Mallinath
Lord Munisuvrat
Lord Naminath
Lord Neminath
Lord Parshvanath
Lord Mahavir

Activity 2.

Collect information about Jataka stories. Select any of the Jataka stories and present, them as a stage play.
Answer:
Students have to do it on their own.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Janapadas and Republics Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 5 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 5 Janapadas and Republics Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 5 Question Answer Janapadas and Republics Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 5 Janapadas and Republics Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 5 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
A region occupied by the ‘janas’ was called as __________
(a) Ganarajya
(b) Janapada
(c) Mahajanapada
(d) Gotra
Answer:
(b) Janapada

Question 2.
The principal functionary of a Ganasangha was known as __________
(a) Senapati
(b) Bhandagarika
(c) Raja
(d) Uparaja
Answer:
(c) Raja

Question 3.
The author of the ‘Ashtadhyayi’ which mentions ‘Janapadin’ was __________
(a) Kautilya
(b) Panini
(c) Chanakya
(d) Vyas
Answer:
(b) Panini

Question 4.
The sense of territoriality and the ensuing awareness __________ were the main factors responsible for the formation of ancient Janapadas in India.
(a) of unity
(b) of authority
(c) of autonomy
(d) of public authority
Answer:
(c) of autonomy

1B. Find the incorrect pairs from set ‘B’ and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Praachya	of the east
(b) Praatichya	of the west
(c) Udichya	of the north
(d) Aparanta	the region to the north of Vindhya ranges

Answer:
(d) Aparanta – the region to the south of Vindhya ranges

2. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
The Ganasangha of the Youdhey, Malav, Kshudraka were mentioned as Ayudhajivi. Because-
(a) it was in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent.
(b) these people were skilled warriors and warfare was the means of their livelihood.
(c) they were skilled in trade and commerce.
(d) these were the ganasanghas dependent on agriculture and animal husbandry.
Answer:
(b) these people were skilled warriors and warfare was the means of their livelihood.

3. Complete the concept map.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 5 Janapadas and Republics 3 Q1
Answer:

4. Explain the concepts with examples.

Question 1.
Ganarajya and Sangharajya
Answer:

‘Gana’ means the ruling class comprising members of equal social status.
Similarly, ‘sangha’ means a state formed by many kulas or janapadas by coming together.
By the 6th century B.C.E. many sangharajyas had come into existence.
There were three main types of the ancient federation of states in India:
Ganarajya of the members of the same kula. For example, Malava and Shibi.
Ganarajya was created by more than one kulas coming together. For example, Vajji Ganasangha. It included eight kulas. Vajji, Lichchhavi, Dnyatruk, and Videha were the important ganas among them.
More than one ganrajyas coming together to create a sangharajya. For example, Yaudheya- Kshudrak Sangh.

Question 2.
Vartashastarpajivi Ganasnagh
Answer:

Ancient Indian literature mentions two more types of ganasanghas.
‘Ayudhjivi’ sangh and ‘Varta-Shastropajivi’ sangh.
‘Varta’ means trade and commerce.
The people in the Varta-Shastropajivi ganasanghas lived by trade and commerce, agriculture and animal husbandry, as well as their skills in warfare.
People in the Kamboj and Saurashtra ganasanghas earned their livelihood by these means.

Question 3.
‘Jana’ and ‘Janapada’
Answer:

Vedic people used the term Jana to designate a group of people, united under a common bond of singular kinship structure.
Their settlement was known as ‘Grama’.
A cluster of gramas consisting of the same Jana was known by the name of that particular Jana.
A region occupied by a Janas was called Janapada.
Gradually the Janapadas had more formal administrative structures transforming them into independent states.
These were the first well-established states of ancient India.
However, this does not necessarily mean that every Janapada evolved into an independent state.

5. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Describe the democratic and oligarchic states in ancient India.
Answer:
Democratic States:

Some of the ganasanghas were divided into regional zones called ‘Khanda’.
They functioned through a group of elected individuals, who were found capable.
Each of the elected members represented his respective khanda.
These elected members were installed with collective authority for the smooth running of the ganasangha.
This was a democratic system. Ganasanghas which functioned in this democratic way existed in Punjab and Sindh at the time of Alexander’s invasion.
Each elective representative of the respective regional zone was designated as ‘Ganamukhya’.
Every ganamukhya was a member of the assembly known as ‘ganaparishada’.
The decisions made by the ganaparishada were implemented by designated functionaries of various cadres.
He was known as the ‘Adhyaksha’ or ‘Raja’.

Oligarchic States:

In this type the elite class in the society held all the powers of decision-making and administration,
Panini and Kautilya mention them as ‘Rajshabdopajivi’ Sangh.
Panini includes Vajji, Andhaka, Vrishni, Yaudheya in the Rajashabdopjivi type.
Kautilya includes the Vrijji or Vajji, Madrak, Kuru, Panchala, etc. in this type.
This type of ganasanghas was more prevalent in the eastern region of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Activity

Present an act in the class based on the simulation of the administrative system of an oligarchic state.
Answer:
Students have to make the presentation in class.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Vedic Period Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 4 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 4 Vedic Period Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 4 Question Answer Vedic Period Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 4 Vedic Period Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 4 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
The importance of agriculture is clearly emphasised in the ______________ mandala of the Rigveda.
(a) 4th
(b) 10th
(c) 8th
(d) 6th
Answer:
(b) 10th

Question 2.
A potter is mentioned as an artisan in the ______________ for the first time.
(a) Rigveda
(b) Yajurveda
(c) Samaveda
(d) Atharvaveda
Answer:
(b) Yajurveda

Question 3.
The god who protected the animals was known as ______________
(a) Indra
(b) Pushan
(c) Ashwin
(d) Varun
Answer:
(b) Pushan

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set ‘B’ and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Nishka	Gold ornament
(b) Barley	Maincrop of the Vedic people
(c) Krishtya	The apparatus of drawing water from the well
(d) Navya	River transport

Answer:
(c) Krishtya – Tribal settlements

1C. Write the names.

Question 1.
A branch of linguistics.
Answer:
Philology

Question 2.
A battle was fought among the ten tribal chiefs.
Answer:
Dasharajnya Yuddha

Question 3.
Cultivable land prepared by ploughing.
Answer:
Urvara

2. Complete the concept map given below:

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 4 Vedic Period 2 Q1
Answer:

3. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
Panis were looked upon as enemies by the Vedic people because-
(a) they belonged to a different tribe.
(b) their language was impure.
(c) Panis used to steal the cattle of the Vedic people.
(d) Panis did not obey the orders of the Vedic people.
Answer:
(c) Panis used to steal the cattle of the Vedic people.

4. State your opinion.

Question 1.
There is a debate about the original home of the Aryans.
Answer:

The debate began in the 16th Century. Till then the concept of the ‘Aryans’ was not known.
The European academics became aware of the similarities between Sanskrit and Latin-Greek languages.
This resulted in the notion of the Indo-European language family which gave momentum to the search for a Mother language from which developed the Indo-European languages.

Question 2.
The Rigvedic people subsisted on agriculture.
Answer:

The Rigvedic tribal settlements have been mentioned as ‘Krishtya’ in the Rigveda. ‘Krish’ means ploughing.
Hence the people who ploughed and also their settlements were mentioned as ‘Krishtya’.
The importance of agriculture is clearly emphasised in the 10th mandala of Rigveda.
It states that for the farmer his ploughshare is the means of obtaining.

5. Explain the following concepts.

Question 1.
Origin of Aryan people.
Answer:

There are multiple unanswered questions, such as, who were the Aryans, did they arrive in India from a distant place or were they natives of India, which are the archaeological sites where the remains of their culture are found, how to identify those remains, etc.
Most of the information about their culture is derived from Vedic literature. There are various v opinions about the chronology of the Vedic culture.
However, there is a general agreement that the Vedic people composed Rigveda in India around 1500 B.C.E.
However, Lokmanya Tilak calculated this date as 6000 B.C.E. on the basis of astronomical events.
He was also of the opinion that the original home of the Aryans was in the Arctic region.
This debate began in the 16th century. Till then the concept of the ‘Aryans’ was not known.

Question 2.
Indo-European family of languages.
Answer:

In the year 1583, an Italian merchant by the name of Filippo Sassetti came to Kochi (Cochin) the port city in Kerala.
He never returned to his motherland. He stayed in Kerala and Goa. During his stay, he wrote detailed letters to his family members about Indian life, language and culture. He happens to be the first European who wrote about his observations of Indian society.
He also studied Sanskrit. He was the first one who observed the similarities between Sanskrit and Latin.
His observations could be said to be the first, to give impetus to the notion of a family of Indo-European languages.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Chalcolithic Villages in India Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 3 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 3 Chalcolithic Villages in India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 3 Question Answer Chalcolithic Villages in India Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 3 Chalcolithic Villages in India Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 3 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
On one of the cemetery H pots, dead humans are seen carried by ____________ in their stomach.
(a) deer
(b) peacock
(c) fish
(d) bull
Answer:
(b) peacock

Question 2.
The archaeological evidence shows that Balathal was a center of mass production of ____________
(a) stone pots
(b) copper pots
(c) earthen pots
(d) glassware
Answer:
(c) earthen pots

Question 3.
Permanent villages of farmers were first established in Maharashtra by ____________ people.
(a) Savalda
(b) Malwa
(c) Harappa
(d) Kayatha
Answer:
(b) Malwa

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set ‘B’ and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘A’
1. Savalda Culture	Daimadabad
2. Malwa Culture	Navadatoli
3. Ahar Culture	Sonpur
4. Jorwe Culture	Inamgaon

Answer:
3. Ahar Culture – Balathal

2A. Explain the statements with reasons.

Question 1.
Harappan people had to migrate.
Answer:

When the Mature (urban) Harappan civilisation collapsed completely, the people of Late Harappan cultures who had settled on the ruins of Mature Harappan cities had to migrate elsewhere.
The urban Harappans and the Late Harappans dispersed. Wherever these people reached, new rural cultures came into being.
Thus, as the Harappan civilisation collapsed, Harappan people had to migrate.

Question 2.
People of ‘Malwa’ culture were the first farmers of Maharashtra.
Answer:

The people of Malwa culture reached Maharashtra around 1600 B.C.E. Permanent villages of farmers were first established in Maharashtra by the Malwa people.
After arriving in Maharashtra, they came into contact with the neolithic people in Karnataka.
It resulted in a few changes in the pot-making technology of Malwa people as far as shapes of the pots and designs are concerned.
Thus, they were considered the first farmers of Maharashtra as they were the first to establish in Maharashtra.

3. State your opinion.

Question 1.
It seems that the Harappan people had gone as far as Bihar.
Answer:

Chalcolithic sites have been discovered in Bihar, Bengal, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh.
The excavations at sites like Chirand, Sonpur, etc. yielded earthen pots of black-and-red ware.
The shapes of these pots are similar to those of Harappan culture.
Thus, it seems that the Harappan people had gone as far as Bihar, and the local cultures were influenced by them.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Banas Culture
Answer:

The chalcolithic culture in India generally belongs to, the Post-Harappan period.
However, the ‘Ahar’ or ‘Banas’ culture in the Mewad region of Rajasthan was contemporary to the Harappan civilisation.
Balathal and Gilund are important sites of Ahar culture.
It was first discovered at Ahar near Udaipur, so it was named as ‘Ahar’ culture.
Ahar is a tributary of the river Banas, so it is also known as ‘Banas culture’.

Question 2.
Malwa Culture
Answer:

The name ‘Malwa’ tells us that this culture originated and spread first in the Malwa region.
It flourished in Madhya Pradesh during 1800 B.C.E. – 1200 B.C.E. Navadatoli, situated on the bank of Narmada is an important site of Malwa culture.
The people of Malwa culture reached Maharashtra around 1600 B.C.E.
Permanent villages of farmers were first established in Maharashtra by the Malwa people. They were the first farmers of Maharashtra.

Question 3.
Kayatha Culture
Answer:

Kayatha is a chalcolithic site situated on the banks of the river known as Chhoti Kali Sindh at a distance of 25 km from Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh.
Kayatha culture was contemporary to the Harappan civilisation.
The Kayatha people followed agriculture and animal husbandry.
They mainly used handmade pots and microliths.

5. Write about the chalcolithic cultures in Gujarat with the help of the given points.

Question 1.
(a) Period
(b) Means of livelihood
(c) Geographical spread
(d) Evidence of cultural contact with other people.
Answer:
(a) Period: The chalcolithic settlements in Gujarat coincide with the following phases of the Harappan culture:

Early Harappan phase (3950-2600 B.C.E.)
Mature (urban) phase (2600-1900 B.C.E.)
Post-Harappan phase (1900-900 B.C.E.)

(b) Means of livelihood: There are ample sources of semi-precious stones in Gujarat. Making beads of these stones was a big industry during Harappan times. The Neolithic settlements in Gujarat played a major role in procuring these stones. People residing in the neolithic settlements of Gujarat were mainly pastoral, that is people whose primary occupation was animal husbandry. Thus, making beads, animal husbandry, pottery making were some of the means of livelihood.

(c) Geographical spread: There are regional variations in the characteristics of the chalcolithic cultures of Gujarat. The chalcolithic pottery of Kutch – Saurashtra and Northern Gujarat are distinct from each other. The chalcolithic villages in Kutch-Saurashtra were abandoned by 1900 B.C.E.

(d) Evidence of cultural contact with other people: In the post-Harappan period there were two chalcolithic cultures in Gujarat. The culture in south Gujarat was known as ‘Prabhas’ culture and the one in northeastern Gujarat was known as ‘Rangpur’ culture. These cultures existed till 1800-1200 B.C.E.

Activity

With the help of the Internet, reference books, field trips, newspaper articles, etc. obtain pictures of excavated artifacts and architectural remains and arrange an exhibition under the guidance of your teachers.
Answer:
To be done by students.

11th Std History Questions And Answers: