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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands

Class 7 English Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Textbook Questions and Answers

1. This passage contains four different types of invitations. They are:
A: A formal invitation
C: An oral invitation
B: A notice
D: Another oral invitation
Read each invitation carefully, keeping in mind the list of eight questions given below. Note the answers in your notebook. Verify that the formal invitation ‘A’ covers all the eight points.

1. Who is sending/giving the information?
2. What is the programme?
3. What is the name of the project?
4. Who will inaugurate it?
5. Who will preside over the function?
6. What time will the function start?
7. Where will it take place?
8. How many names get mentioned in the invitation?

Now see which of these eight points are covered in the other invitations ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’. Put tickmarks against the points that are covered.

2. Prepare a formal invitation for a function you have arranged at home.
It should clearly state the following points:

• Who is inviting people to the function.
• What the programme is.
• The date and time.
• The venue. (The place where
• A polite request to attend the function. the function will take place.

Question 1.
Prepare a formal invitation for a function you have arranged at home.
Answer:

3. Write an imaginary telephone conversation in which you invite your friend to the above function.

Question 1.
Write an imaginary telephone conversation in which you invite your friend to the above function.
Answer:

• • Mohan: Hello! Could I speak to Shashank.
  • Shashank: Yes, speaking.
  • Mohan: Hi! I have called you up to invite you to the house-warming ceremony of our new home.
  • Shashank: Oh, thanks. Where have you shifted your residence?
  • Mohan: Very close to you. We are now at Shri Laxmi Niwas.
  • Shashank: Next to Blue Dales School?
  • Mohan: Yes, you got it right. Please do come with your parents.
  • Shashank: My parents are out, in Pune for about a week. When is the function?
  • Mohan: On the 25th of this month. It is a Sunday.
  • Shashank: Yes, they will be back by then. When should we come?
  • Mohan: The pooja will begin at 11.00 am.
  • Shashank: I will surely be there.
  • Mohan: Thanks. See you then.
  • Shashank: You’re welcome. See you, bye.

4. Imagine someone has invited your family to a programme and you were the only person at home when the invitation was given orally. Write a note (4-5 lines) to pass on the message to the other people in your family. Or, Write an imaginary conversation in which you pass on the message to your parents.

Question 1.
Imagine someone has invited your family to a programme and you were the only person at home when the invitation was given orally. Write a note (4-5 lines) to pass on the message to the other people in your family. Or, Write an imaginary conversation in which you pass on the message to your parents.
Answer:
Dear Mom and Dad,
Sudhir uncle has invited us for a surprise birthday party given for Anita aunty, tomorrow, 8th November at Grand Central Hotel at 7.00 pm.

Mona.

Class 7 English Chapter 1.5 Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Find different ways in which you can send an invitation using the internet.
Answer:
Through the internet an invitation can be sent via email, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and other such social networking sites.

Question 2.
Many times the school authorities have to communicate with your parents. How is it done in school? How are written communications sent?
Answer:
In my school, written communications are sent through notices, SMS, Telephone, invitation cards, web pages, newsletters, quarterly report card comments and via school staff such as the peon or an attendant.

Question 3.
When do we write formal invitations and why?
Answer:
The write formal invitations for a formal event to invite the people with whom we want to celebrate and also the people we are close to. The best way to invite people to such planned events is by sending them a formal invitation. Another important reason behind writing an invitation is that it gives our invitees proper information regarding the programme, its time, date and venue.

Question 4.
What are some ways in which you can send invitations to your family and friends, apart from using the internet?
Answer:
Some other ways in which we can send invitation to our family and friends are as follows:

1. By using Indian Postal Service.
2. Using SMS or mobile phone.
3. Hand delivering.
4. Through telephone call and
5. Through courier.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Principal	Teacher in-charge	Presiding dignitary	School
Suhasini Ambekar	V. S. Ajinkya	Dr. A. M. Dr. A. M. Chaudhary, Dean	New Vision High School

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Who prepared the formal invitation?
Answer:
The Principal prepared the formal invitation.

Question 2.
Where is the venue of inauguration?
Answer:
The venue of the inauguration is the Assembly Hall of New Vision High School, Off Main street, Girgaon.

Question 3.
Who are the student secretaries?
Answer:
The student secretaries are Komal Shelar and Nitin Valke.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Make verb forms.
Answer:

• invitation – invite
• vision – envision

Question 2.
Give homophones of the following words from the passage.
Answer:

• maid – made
• knew – new

Grammar:

Question 1.
The art teacher and her students made copies of it. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
The art teacher and her students made copies of it, didn’t they?

Question 2.
We solicit your presence at the inauguration of the project. (Write in question form)
Answer:
Don’t we solicit your presence at the inauguration of the project?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What according to you is a formal invitation?
Answer:
A formal invitation is a letter or a card in which the important person is courteously requested to attend an important event.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether the statements are true or false.
1. The News Editor will not be sent an official invitation.
2. The News Editor refused to come for the function.
Answer:
1. False
2. False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What is the purpose of the project?
Answer:
The purpose of the project is to make students aware of their social responsibilities.

Question 2.
Why was Mr. Shashank invited?
Answer:
Mr. Shashank, Newspaper Editor, was invited to cover the function prominently.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Make a sentence using the phrase/idiom ‘to set a trend’.
Answer:
Their school is setting new trends in Activity based learning.

Question 2.
Pick out words that mean.
1. Notice or attention given to someone or something by the media.
2. To a large extent.
Answer:
1. publicity
2. prominently

Grammar:

Question 1.
I have made a note of it. (Change the voice)
Answer:
A note of it has been made by me.

Question 2.
The project is an important one. (Make exclamatory)
Answer:
What an important one the project is!

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think it is a good idea to invite a Newspaper Editor to such programmes? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is a good idea to cover such programmes done for a noble cause in the newspaper, as it sets a trend for other schools to follow and children also become aware of their social responsibilities.

Language Study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
“Mummy, you and Daddy are invited to our school on Sunday, the ninth” said Sameer.
(Write in indirect speech)
Answer:
Sameer informed his mother and father that both she and daddy were invited to his school on Sunday, the ninth.

Question 2.
We are all going to visit places. (Rewrite in past perfect tense)
Answer:
We had all gone to visit places.

Question 3.
I see. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
I see, don’t I?

Question 4.
Daddy and I can’t both go. (Remove negative)
Answer:
Either Daddy or I can go.

Question 5.
Teachers made phone calls to some special invitees. (Frame a wh- question to get the underlined part as an answer)
Answer:
Who made phone calls to some special invitees?

Question 6.
Write the noun forms of.

1. inaugurate
2. converse
3. participate

Answer:

1. inauguration
2. conversation
3. participation

Question 7.
Write noun for the following ending in ’-er’ or ’-or’ to show the work or function or description of the person:

1. help
2. edit
3. visit
4. speak
5. teach
6. preach

Answer:

1. helper
2. editor
3. visitor
4. speaker
5. teacher
6. preacher

Writing Skills:

With your teacher’s help, get two or three specimens of the notices/announcements put up on the school notice board.

Question 1.
Specimen 1
Answer:

Question 2.
Specimen 2
Answer:
Announcement:
This is to inform the students of Std. VIII that the Nature Club has organized a one day nature trail to CEC at BNHS, Goregaon on 26th July, 2017. The timing for the same is 7.00 am to 5.00 pm. Students interested in going for the trail should register their names with the Nature Club advisor, Mrs. Ketki Dhuri by paying Rs. 500/-(Inclusive of transport and entry fees).

– By Order

Seeing Eyes Helping Hands Summary in English

The lesson discusses various means of sending an invitation for an inaugural function in New Vision High School. Formal invitation, oral invitation and notice being some of them. With the help of a sample invitation the lesson conveys that one can choose among various means of communication, the one that best suits one’s need.

Introduction:

Communication is a vital tool. In today’s times, with the rise in technological media, communication has undergone a drastic change. From letters to emails; invitations and messages can be sent in a short time.

Glossary:

1. inauguration (n) – the beginning or introduction of something ‘
2. scheduled (v) – to arrange that an event or activity will happen at a particular time
3. formal (adj) – done in accordance with convention or etiquette
4. sample (n) – a specimen
5. conversation (n) – a talk, especially an informal one
6. to set a trend – to do something that becomes accepted or fashionable, something that a lot of other people copy
7. accompany (v)-to go along with someone
8. specimens (n) – examples of something; samples
9. solicit (v) – to formally ask for help
10. preside (v) – to be in charge of a formal meeting or ceremony
11. invitee (n) – person who is invited
12. sec. – short form for second
13. trend (n) – a general direction in which something is developing or changing
14. prominently (adv) – in a way that many people will know about it

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice

Class 7 English Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write a character sketch of each of the animals. Write about their actions and thoughts and the qualities that emerge through

Question 1.
Write a character sketch of each of the animals. Write about their actions and thoughts and the qualities that emerge through
Answer:
1. Lion: Lion was big and strong and very fierce. All the other animals in the forest called him king. The king promised other animals to give them food and protection. Whenever the king roared other animals stood in awe. Whenever he took a walk, others followed him. The lion was king also very responsible. When he had his meal, he left remains for other. So they always had enough to eat.
2. Fox: He was wise and clever creature and adviser of lion king. The fox took an oath of loyalty to the king.
3. Leopard: He was watchful and swift of foot, and a body of lion king.
4. Vulture: He was bird and can fly high in sky and a messager of lion.

2. Using your imagination, write more sentences in the same pattern:
(a) But the more the lion had, the more he wanted.
(b) Whenever he took a walk, they followed him.
(c) To be king is good. But to be kind is better.

Question a.
Using your imagination, write more sentences in the same pattern:
(a) But the more the lion had, the more he wanted.
(b) Whenever he took a walk, they followed him.
(c) To be king is good. But to be kind is better.
Answer:

1. The more you quieten the mind, the more restless it becomes.
2. Whenever I speak, he interrupts me.
3. It is nice to be important. But it is more important to be nice.
4. To live well on earth is good. But to leave well is better.

3. Turn the story into a play as a group activity and present the scenes in the classroom.

Question 1.
Turn the story into a play as a group activity and present the scenes in the classroom.
Answer:
(Curtain opens) The lion is seen pacing back and forth in deep thought.

• Lion: Hmmm, I think it’s time I’ve courtiers for myself. (Calls his guards.) Tell the fox, the leopard and the vulture to meet me at once.
• Guard: Yes, Your Majesty! (Enter of fox, leopard and the vulture)
• Fox, Leopard, Vulture: Our salute to the king of kings! (all bow down)
• Lion: Mr. Fox, you are known for your wisdom. You shall be my advisor from now on.
• Mr. Fox: (elated) As you wish, Your Majesty!
• Lion: And you…. Mr. Leopard, I am impressed by your alertness. You are swift of foot too. You shall be my bodyguard.
• Mr. Leopard: (humbly) I shall be happy to serve you, Your Majesty!
• Lion: (gesturing) And dear Vulture, you fly high above. I appoint you as my messenger.
• Mr. Vulture: I am honoured, Your Majesty! (One day the vulture enters all excited)
• Mr. Vulture: O great king! I have seen a camel in the desert not far away. I think it will be a good idea for you to taste camel meat.
• Lion: (looking at his other advisers) What do you say? (Mr. Fox & Mr. Leopard not wanting to show ignorance)
• Mr. Fox & Mr. Leopard: We don’t mind. But since the vulture has suggested let him lead the way. We shall humbly follow. (All set off on a journey to the forest. It’s hot and the sun is shining brightly.)
• King: Oh! It’s too hot to bear. My paws are burning.
• Mr. Vulture: (flying high above in cooler air) Your Majesty! The desert is close by. We shall reach in some time.
• King: (not able to bear the pain) Stop! We shall return.
• Mr. Vulture: (in thought) If we return, there will be nothing for us to eat as I will not be able to eat the king. I must stop him from returning. “Your Majesty! If you want we shall rest”.
• Mr. Fox: O king! We are far away from the forest. Let us continue towards the desert.
• King: I cannot walk anymore.
• Mr. Leopard: (thinking to himself) I wish I could run away from here.
• Fox: Let me ask for help, (leaps towards the desert)
  (In the desert)…

4. This story takes an unexpected turn when the lion decides to spare the camel’s life. Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.

Question 1.
This story takes an unexpected turn when the lion decides to spare the camel’s life. Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.
Answer:
A ‘friend’ is a position in one’s heart and not the court. A courtier works for money. There is self-interest involved whereas a friend is a far more selfless relation in which one does not expect anything in return. It is a relationship in which friendship itself is the only reward.

5. Talk about the good qualities of any one person you do not like. (You need not name the person.)

Question 1.
Talk about the good qualities of any one person you do not like.
Answer:
I do not like my benchmate in my class as she is very untidy and comes shabbily dressed. However, there are many good qualities in her that I admire. She is an extremely polite girl. I have seen her go out of her way to help my other classmates. Also, she is very regular in her studies besides being a voracious reader. A habit that I long to imbibe in myself.

6. Language Study: Common nouns-i: Some things, animals, etc., that is, some nouns can be counted. They are called countable nouns. Some common nouns stand for something that cannot be counted. They are called uncountable nouns. Countable nouns have two forms. A noun that shows one person or thing, etc. is said to be in the singular. For example, ‘boy’, ‘girl’, ‘dog’, ‘tree’, ‘chair. A noun that shows more than one person or thing, etc. is said to be in the plural. For example, ‘boys’, ‘girls’, ‘dogs’, ‘trees’, ‘chairs’.

Note the expressions ‘a slice of bread’, ‘strands of hair’, ‘two glasses of water’, ‘a cup of milk’ and ‘a bit of fun!’. Here, we do not say ‘breads’, ‘hairs’, ‘waters’, ‘milks’, ‘funs’, etc.

Question 1.
Find five countable nouns from the passage and write their singular and plural forms.
Answer:

1. life – lives
2. friend – friends
3. messenger – messengers
4. gift – gifts
5. creature – creatures

Question 2.
List the units that we use to measure the following: water, milk, distance, weight.
Answer:

• • water – litres
  • milk – litres
  • distance – centimetre, metre, kilometre
  • weight – grams, kilograms

Class 7 English Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What qualities are necessary in the following? Why?
Answer:
1. King: A king should be just and kind. His justice will instill faith towards him in his subjects and his kindness will help him win their hearts. A king should not demand respect instead it should be earned with his qualities and virtues.

2. Adviser: An adviser must be very wise and foresighted. He must weigh the pros and cons of a decision and only then advise the king to go ahead with it. This is also because once the decision is taken it cannot be reverted and fate of the entire kingdom largely depends on these decisions.

3. Bodyguard: A bodyguard of a king must be his shadow. Extremely vigilant and alert, the bodyguard should be able to sense trouble and mischief as the king’s life can be in danger if he lacks these qualities. He should not hesitate to risk his life to save the king if required. This also demands physical strength and spirit.

4. Messenger: A messenger should be very quick at carrying messages as sometimes the messages are so important and urgent that any loss of time may cause great harm to the kingdom. Moreover, the messenger should be very faithful and keep the messages of the king confidential. This will safeguard the kingdom from enemies. Also, the messenger should remember that he represents the king himself, hence should be very trustworthy.

Question 2.
Write the oath that each of the courtier must have taken.
Answer:
1. Oath taken by the advisor (Fox):
I, Mr. Fox, do hereby solemnly swear that I will remain loyal to my king and the kingdom and to the best of my ability advise the king on matters of administration in order to preserve, protect and defend the kingdom.

2. Oath taken by the messenger (Vulture):
I, Mr. Vulture, do hereby solemnly swear that I will remain loyal to my king and this great kingdom and will to the best of my ability deliver messages as and when required. In doing so I shall not alter the messages, keeping them confidential in the best interest of my kingdom in order to preserve, protect and defend it.

3. Oath taken by the bodyguard (Leopard):
I, Mr. Leopard, do hereby solemnly swear that I shall always be with the king like his shadow and will to the best of my ability protect, guard and defend the king and in doing so with loyalty I shall not hesitate to lay down my life in the general good of my beloved land.

Question 3.
Why was the vulture told to lead the way?
Answer:
The vulture had suggested that the lion should eat the camel it had seen in the desert. As, neither the lion nor the fox, nor the leopard had ever seen a camel and besides, as the fox and leopard didn’t want the vulture to appear wiser than them, they asked the vulture to lead as it was his idea.

Question 4.
Why had the lion never seen a camel?
Answer:
The lion stayed in the forest and a camel lives in a desert. So the lion had never seen a camel.

Question 5.
What advice did the fox and the leopard give? Was it based on good and sound thinking?
Answer:
The fox and the leopard advised the king to set off on a camel hunt. This advice was not based on good and sound thinking as they were accustomed to walking in the forest under shady trees and the desert would not provide them this comfort. They didn’t want to appear foolish and ignorant and so the advice.

Question 6.
Do you think the vulture was enjoying the search?
Answer:
Yes, as the vulture was flying high up in the cooler air, it was enjoying the search.

Question 7.
Do you think the king’s decision to go back was right?
Answer:
No, I don’t think the king’s decision to go back was right as he had already walked a long distance not only risking his life but that of his courtiers as well. He could have rested and then continued.

Question 8.
Can you guess the plan the fox had thought of?
Answer:
The fox had planned to trick the camel, and use him as a means of transport to go to their forest, kill him and have a feast.

Question 9.
Why does the fox address the camel as friend camel?
Answer:
The fox addressed the camel as ‘friend camel’ to make him believe that he is his well-wisher so that the camel does not see through his wicked intentions.

Question 10.
What qualities of the courtiers emerge in this part of the story when they were in the desert?
Answer:
The lion king comes across as someone who had leapt before looking what he was landing into. He himself didn’t know how he would return to the forest but commanded that they should stop right there. Not a very thoughtful and far sighted king. The vulture appears to be self-centred and greedy. He was only interested in eating the camel. The leopard, though a bodyguard, was a coward who wanted to run away. However, the fox comes across as a problem-solver who rescues everyone from the situation with his wit.

Question 11.
The fox, the leopard and the vulture have the same thought about the camel. Why is it so?
Answer:
By sparing the camel and not eating it, the king had spoilt the plan of the fox, vulture and the leopard. As they had similar interests, they had the same thought about the camel. The animals were all tired and hungry and realised that the camel would make a large meal. The camel being simple minded would not suspect this play and they could easily have a feast and satiate their hunger by fooling him. They were now irritated with their plans having been failed.

Question 12.
Did you expect the lion to be kind to the camel? Do you think his decision was right?
Answer:
No, I didn’t expect the lion to be kind to the camel who was his prey. Yes, I think the lion’s decision was right as he was thankful to the camel for saving their lives by carrying them back to the forest. His decision was a mark of gratitude towards the camel.

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
Why did the king appoint the leopard as his bodyguard?
Answer:
The king appointed the leopard as his bodyguard as he was watchful and swift on his feet.

Question 2.
What did the lion’s courtiers do when he went hunting?
Answer:
When the lion king went hunting, the courtiers found animals for him to kill.

Question 3.
How does the vulture describe the camel to the lion king?
Answer:
The vulture describes the camel as a lone animal in the desert who was big and fat.

Question 4.
Why couldn’t the lion walk any further?
Answer:
The lion could not walk any further as the hot sand had burned his paws.

Question 5.
What does the fox tell the camel?
Answer:
The fox tells that the camel that the lion king had killed his master and it was now free. The lion king, therefore, had invited it to live at his court.

Question 6.
On what condition did the camel agree to serve the lion?
Answer:
The camel agreed to serve the lion in return for a home at his court.

Question 7.
Why were the courtiers shocked to listen to the lion king’s decision?
Answer:
The courtiers were shocked to listen to the lion king’s decision as they had risked their lives to eat the camel’s meat but the king had now decided to spare it.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web
Answer:

Question 2.
Who said to whom
Question i.
“A king must have a court”
Answer:
The king thought to himself.

Question ii.
“I want you to be my adviser”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the fox.

Question iii.
“I want you to be my bodyguard”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the leopard.

Question iv.
“You are to be my messenger”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the vulture.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Why must a king have a court?
Answer:
A king must have a court for the smooth functioning of his kingdom. Besides, the king cannot do everything on his own so, by delegating work to his courtiers, the king can assure that various departments in his kingdom are serving his subjects well.

Question 2.
How is the human administration similar to that of what we read in the passage?
Answer:
Just as we have different portfolios the Lion king also gave responsibilities to his courtiers. For example the fox who is very wise and clever and we too have a council of ministers who advice the Prime Minister; just like the leopard who is watchful and swift, we too have the defence system in our country and like their vulture who is a messenger we too have the ministry of communication and technology.

Question 3.
What is the oath of loyalty?
Answer:
An oath of loyalty is a pledge one takes acknowledging one’s duty and faithfulness towards one’s country or a king.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the meanings of the following words.
Answer:

• courtiers – people who attend the royal court
• adviser – the one who advises
• bodyguard – a person employed to protect somebody
• loyal – faithful towards a person or an organisation.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Pick out the Subject and Predicate from the following sentences.
1. They brought him gifts from every corner of the forest.
2. The lion called a leopard to his side.
3. The fox, the vulture and the leopard took an oath of loyalty to the king.
4. The three courtiers never opposed the king.
Answer:

Subject	Predicate
1. They	brought him gifts from every corner of the forest.
2. The lion	called a leopard to his side.
3. The fox, the vulture and the leopard	took an oath of loyalty to the king.
4. The three courtiers	never opposed the king.

Question 2.
Identify any 4 common nouns from the above passage.
Answer:
king, forest, fox, leopard, animals

Question 3.
Add the question tag for the following sentences.

1. He called a fox to his side.
2. You are to be my messenger.
3. The king promised to give them food and protection.
4. He was big and strong and very fierce.

Answer:

1. He called a fox to his side, didn’t he?
2. You are to be my messenger, aren’t you?
3. The king promised to give them food and protection, didn’t he?
4. He was big and strong and very fierce, wasn’t he?

Question 4.
Give the adjective forms for the following.

1. protection
2. loyalty
3. watch
4. thought

Answer:

1. protective, protected
2. loyal
3. watchful
4. thoughtful

Question 5.
Complete the table using the singular or plural forms of the nouns.
Answer:

Singular	Plural
1. apple	apples
2. book	books
3. class	classes
4. photo	photos
5. life	lives
6. woman	women
7. mouse	mice
8. child	children
9. deer	deer
10. country	countries

Question 6.
Find five countable nouns from the passage and write their singular and plural forms.
Answer:

Singular	Plural
1. king	kings
2. animal	animals
3. gift	gifts
4. fox	foxes
5. bird	birds

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. The lion ordered his courtiers to eat the camel.
2. The vulture, fox and the leopard offer themselves to the lion king.
Answer:
1. False
2. True

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Were the courtiers being loyal to their king?
Answer:
No, the courtiers were not being loyal to their king as by getting the camel killed by the lion they would force the lion king to go against his own promise of protecting the camel thereby spoiling the king’s image.

Question 2.
What qualities of the camel are seen in his speech?
Answer:
The camel comes across as very humble and loyal character. He knows very well that he could not be of much use to the lion in the forest. Moreover, he is willing to lay down his life for the sake of his king which means that he is extremely selfless.

Question 3.
Why did the lion laugh to see the courtiers go?
Answer:
The lion laughed to see the courtiers go because he knew they were unfaithful courtiers and were only with him to serve their own selfish motives. He had been successful in driving them away without pronouncing a cruel judgment against them.

Question 4.
Why did the king offer his friendship to the camel?
Answer:
The king realized that his courtiers were unfaithful. In contrast, the camel was loyal and good. So, he offered friendship to the camel.

Question 5.
Explain the lines “To be king is good. But to be kind is better”.
Answer:
The king through the lines “To be king is good, but to be kind is better” wants to say that as a king he demanded respect but couldn’t win loyal friends or courtiers. But by being kind to the camel he not only gained respect but also won a true friend.

Vocabulary:

Question
Give homophones for the following words.
(a) accept
(b) seen
Answer:
(a) except
(b) scene

Grammar:

Question 2.
Away flew the vulture.
(Separate the subject and predicate.)
Answer:
The vulture – subject, flew away – predicate

Question 3.
They were never seen in the forest again.
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
They were never seen in the forest again, were they?

Question 4.
What qualities of the lion king impresses you the most? Why?
Answer:
The lion king was very witty and wise. He had the skill of teaching his wicked and cunning courtiers a lesson without being cruel to them. He also had the quality of distinguishing between the faithful and the unfaithful. These qualities of the lion king impress me the most.

Language Study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
The king promised to give them food and protection. (Rewrite using ‘Not only… but also’.)
Answer:
The king promised to give them not only food but also protection. The king not only promised to give them food, but also protection.

Question 2.
Let us go back to the forest.
(State the kind of sentence.)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 3.
They did not want the vulture to seem wiser than them. (Iden tify the degree of comparison.)
Answer:
Comparative degree.

Question 4.
All the other animals in the forest called him king.
(Rewrite beginning with ‘He was’.)
Answer:
He was called king by all the other animals in the forest.

Question 5.
“Our king, the lion, has killed your master” said the fox.
(Change into indirect speech.)
Answer:
The fox informed that their king, the lion, had killed his master.

Question 6.
Make sentences using phrases/idioms.
Answer:

• To set off – We packed our bags and set off on a nature trail.
• To keep (yourself) from – My grandmother is 70 years old. But that does not keep her from enjoying treks.

Question 7.
Complete the table.
Answer:

Noun	Verb	Adjective
friendship	befriend	friendly
life	live	lively
thought	think	thoughtful
protection	protect	protective
strength	strengthen	strong

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.
Answer:
The Thirsts Crow
One hot day, a thirsty crow flew all across the plains in search of water. It had taken him more time than he thought and he felt weak. Losing all hope, he flew down to see if there was water kept outside the houses by the lonely street.

To his delight, he found a jug with water outside a small hut. But, the jug had very little water and it’s neck was too narrow for his head to be put in. He tried picking up the jug but in vain. Finally, he saw some pebbles and decided that if he dropped the pebbles, into the jug the water level would rise and he would be able to quench his thirst. But the crow had no patience to throw each pebble in one by one and wait for water level to rise slowly.

He saw a big stone lying by the side of the jug. He thought to himself, “if I put this big stone inside the jug, the level of water will rise at once”.

In his heart he felt proud about himself for this brilliant idea. So in desperation, he took the big stone and threw it in the jug. But to his disappointment, the stone hit the base of the earthen jug so hard that the jug broke into pieces. All the water from the jug spread all over the place. The crow tried to drink but before he could do so the thirsty earth had soaked in most of it.
Moral: Haste makes waste.

The King’s Choice Summary in English

The folk tale ‘The King’s Choice’ highlights the importance of virtues such as loyalty and kindness. The lion king in the story proves that a king’s might and majesty may win him some untrue and fake followers but kindness alone can give him the gift of faithful friends. On the other hand, the faithful camel’s character underlines the age old maxim, ‘Loyalty always pays’.

Paraphrase:

The story takes us to a forest where the lion king appoints the fox, the vulture and the leopard as his courtiers. However, the vulture due to his selfish and greedy motive of eating up the lion king lures him into going to the desert to eat camel meat. Other courtiers also follow.

When the king and his companions get tired of walking in the scorching sun, the fox comes to their rescue. He, through his wit and craftiness, befriends the camel and tricks him into believing that the king wanted to befriend him. The innocent camel appears before the king and carries the trio back to the forest on his back.

Filled with gratitude towards the camel on saving his life, the king decides to spare him and gives him his protection. Although the three courtiers are unhappy with the decision, they keep quiet.

However, after few days, unable to go hunting, the lion summons his courtiers and orders them to bring him food. The cunning fox once again holds a meeting and they plan to compel the king to eat the camel. But there is a twist in the story, the camel is safe once again due to its loyalty and the betrayers are compelled to flee. Thus, the king outsmarts his crafty and unfaithful courtiers and repays the camel for his loyalty with his kindness.

Glossary:

1. fierce (adj) – physically violent and frightening
2. swift (adj) – quick
3. watchful (adj) – alert and vigilant
4. oath (n) – promise or vow
5. awe (n) – respect and fear
6. remains (n) – the parts left over after other parts have been removed
7. lone (adj) – only one
8. vulture (n) – a large bird of prey
9. paws (n) – an animal’s foot
10. feast (n) – a large meal, typically eaten during celebrations
11. risked (v) – put in danger
12. grateful (adj) – thankful

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 Unke Munke Timpetoo Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 Unke Munke Timpetoo

Class 7 English Chapter 4.2 Unke Munke Timpetoo Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Make adjectives from the following.

Question a.
harm
Answer:
harmful / harmless

Question b.
fear
Answer:
fearless/fearful/fearsome

Question c.
question
Answer:
questionable

Question d.
continue
Answer:
continuous

Question e.
thought
Answer:
thoughtful/ thoughtless

Question f.
courage
Answer:
courageous

Question g.
believe
Answer:
believable

Question h.
wish
Answer:
wishful

2. Choose the correct alternative.

Question a.
Rohan desperately wished for ………….. .
i. a pair of shoes
ii. a warm pullover
iii. a good friend
iv. a table-tennis set
Answer:
iv. a table-tennis set

Question b.
Rohan and Muk entered the garden at midnight ……………. .
i. to frighten Mrs. Groover
ii. to chant around the banyan tree
iii. to steal some fruits
iv. to look for a table-tennis set
Answer:
ii. to chant around the banyan tree

Question c.
Rohan had finished ……………… rounds of the tree before Mrs. Groover discovered him.
i. seventeen
ii. six
iii. eleven
iv. twelve
Answer:
iii. eleven

Question d.
The table-tennis set was gifted by
i. Mrs. Groover
ii. Rohan’s parents
iii. Muk
iv. Timpetoo
Answer:
i. Mrs. Groover

Question e.
The Principal turned out to be a very …………… lady.
i. poor and simple
ii. proud and rich
iii. kind and understanding
iv. sad and lonely
Answer:
kind and understanding

3. The story has a very heart-warming and touching end. Now try to change the end of the story to make it sound.

Question 1.
(i) very funny
(ii) full of horror and mystery.
Answer:
Mrs. Groover continued to look at me with a strange look in her eyes which frightened me. I asked her whether she believed in ‘Unke, Munke, Timpetoo’. She suddenly gave out a shriek and started moving towards me with hands outstretched. I was so scared that my feet did not move nor any words came out from my mouth. She had a savage look on her face. I felt that there was something more to Mrs. Groover, no wonder she was staying alone with an evil looking dog. Somehow. I managed to run away from Mrs. Groover. The next day I came to know that Mrs. Groover never stayed in that house.

Mrs. Groover continued to look at me with a strange look in her eyes. It looked as if she was judging me. I asked her, whether she believed in ‘Unke, Munke, Timpetoo’. She said, she did but she was trying to control her laughter. I wondered what had happened to her. She laughed till tears started rolling down her cheeks. She then took me into her house and played some music as I sat listening. The singer used the same chant ‘Unke Munke Timpetoo’. Hearing the chart, I too started laughing and both of us had a hearty laugh and we started humming the song along with the words ‘Unke Munke Timpetoo’, which actually meant nothing.

4. ‘Unke, Munke, Timpetoo.

I wish, my wish is coming true.’
Try to compose two other funny magical chants that have rhyming lines.

5. Language study.

Question a.
Prefix and suffix : A letter or group of letters added to the front of a word to change Its meaning and make a new word is called a prefix.
Examples:

1. un + tie → untie
2. non + stop → non-stop
3. dis + like → dislike
4. super + man → superman
5. inter + national → international

Answer:
Prefix (before the root word)
e.g.

1. un + tie = untie
2. non + stop = nonstop
3. dis + like = dislike
4. super + man = superman
5. inter + national = international

Question b.
Find at least 5 words with prefixes and identify the prefix in each word. A letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make another word is called a suffix.
Examples:

1. teach + er → teacher
2. act + or → actor
3. child + hood → childhood
4. friend + ship →b friendship
5. king + dom → kIngdom
6. use + ful → useful
7. frequent + ly → frequently
8. act + ion → action
9. star + ry → starry

Answer:
Suffix (after the root word)
e.g.

1. teach + er = teacher
2. act + or = actor
3. child + hood = childhood
4. friend + ship = friendship
5. king + dom = kingdom
6. use + ful = useful
7. frequent + ly = frequently
8. act + ion = action
9. star + ry = starry

Question c.
Find 5 examples of words with the following suffixes from the lessons you have studied so far, or from other sources:

1. -ship
2. -less
3. -ness
4. -ly
5. -ful
6. -able

Answer:
suffixes:

1. hard + ship = hardship
2. home + less = homeless
3. happy + ly = happily
4. clever + ness = cleverness
5. soft + ly = softly
6. reason + able = reasonable

Class 7 English Chapter 4.2 Unke Munke Timpetoo Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Find the sentences in which the author and his friend claim that they do not believe in magic. What do their actions show?
Answer:
The sentences which claim that the author and his friends do not believe in magic are:

1. I don’t say I believe in it but my cousin said it works.
2. And there is no harm in trying.
3. Why seventeen times and why at midnight?
4. I thought it was all nonsense.

Their actions show, that though they say that they do not believe in the chanting and magic, yet they decided to try it out, convincing themselves that it did not matter just to try.

Question 2.
(i) If you hear about something that fulfils your wishes, would you try it?
(ii) Do you think that the author is brave?
Answer:
(i) Yes, If I hear about something that fulfils my wishes, I would surely try it while trying to convince myself that there is no harm in trying.
(ii) Yes, I think the author is brave because he dared to go out at midnight to chant around the banyan tree to get his wish fulfilled knowing very well that the banyan tree belonged to his Ex-Principal who was very strict.

Question 3.
How do we know that Muk was frightened?
Answer:
We know that Muk was frightened because as soon as he heard Mrs. Groover’s voice saying that she would let her ferocious dog loose on them, he started climbing up the tree.

Question 4.
What opinion do you form of Mrs. Groover from the way she treats the boys?
Answer:
According to me, Mrs. Groover is an able administrator and disciplinarian outside but from the inside, she seems to be a kind-hearted, sensitive and understanding person. She did not jump to conclusions. She patiently listened to the boys and allowed Rohan to complete the seventeen rounds around the banyan tree to fulfill his wish.

Question 5.
Did the author really rejoice over his shoes and pullover?
Answer:
No, the author did not really rejoice over his shoes and pullover. He pretended to be happy so as not to hurt the feelings of his parents.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar.

Simple Factual Questions:
Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.

1. Mrs. Groover’s garden had …………… .
2. Rinkoo Lai of class X was …………… .
3. “Come on, let us go and wish for my …………… .
4. There was a banyan tree, its aerial roots swaying in the …………… .

Answer:

1. a banyan tree
2. a bully
3. table tennis set
4. gentle breeze of the night.

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Who was Muk?
Answer:
Muk was Rohan’s best firend.

Question 2.
Who was Mrs. Groover?
Answer:
Mrs. Groover was the Ex-Principal of the school Rohan studies in.

Question 3.
Where was the banyan tree located?
Answer:
The banyan tree was located in Mrs. Groover’s garden which was in Rohan’s neighborhood.

Question 4.
How did Rohan and Muk enter Mrs. Groover’s house?
Answer:
Roshan and Muk entered Mrs. Groover’s house by climbing the wall and jumping down.

Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Pick out a compound word from the extract.
Answer:
neighborhood

Question 2.
Pick out two words so as to get its opposite after adding a prefix. Write both words.
Answer:

1. true × untrue
2. done × undone
3. harm × unharm

Question 3.
Give noun forms of:

1. mocking
2. true
3. suppose
4. enter
5. silent

Answer:

1. mockery
2. Truth
3. Supposition
4. entry/ entrance
5. silence

Question 4.
Pick out four adverbs from the passage.
Answer:

1. thoughtfully
2. badly
3. along
4. carefully

Question 5.
Express differently – ten minutes to twelve
Answer:
Eleven fifty.

Grammar.

Question 1.
I could not think of anything else. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
I could not think of anything else, could I?

Question 2.
One look from her piercing, pale, green eyes was enough to silence bullies. (Pick out the adjectives)
Answer:
one, piercing, pale, green.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you believe in magic? Why?
Answer:
No, I do not believe in magic. I do not believe in magic because it is not proven by science.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Say whether true or false.

1. A ferocious dog ran after Rohan and Muk.
2. Mrs. Groover allowed Rohan to finish his rounds.
3. Mrs. Groover bend down to unleash, the dog.
4. Muk bodly faced the situation when the dog barked.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False.

Question 2.
List the qualities of Mrs. Groover

Mrs. Groovers qualities
(i) …………………	(ii) …………………	(iii) …………………	(iv) …………………

Answer:

1. able administrator
2. empathetic
3. compassionate
4. loving and caring

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Why did Mrs. Groover threaten to unleash the dog?
Answer:
The barking of the dog awakened Mrs. Groover at night and in the darkness. She did not know who was there in the garden. Hence she asked who was there or else threatened to unleash the dog.

Question 2.
What was Rohan’s fear?
Answer:
Rohan’s fear was that Mrs. Groover might not believe him.

Vocabulary.

Give one word for the following.

1. Stop continuous progress
2. Say something indistinctly and quietly
3. feel or show great joy
4. set free

Answer:

1. interrupt
2. mumble
3. rejoice
4. unleash

Grammar.

Question 1.
State the tense in the following sentences.

1. I told her everything
2. I will explain if you let me.
3. I had never received such a big parcel.

Answer:

1. simple past tense
2. Simple future tense
3. Past perfect.

Question 2.
Form nouns.

1. ferocious
2. believe
3. open
4. softly

Answer:

1. ferocity
2. belief
3. opening
4. softness

Personal Response.

Question 1.
“and while leaving, would you mind using the front gate?” why do you think Mrs. Groover said that?
Answer:
Mrs. Groover being compassionate, understood the young boy’s heart. She knew that they had jumped into her compound. At midnight, as she wanted them to be safe, she was actually suggesting that they use the front gate.

Question 2.
“I swore that I would never return.” who said this and why.
Answer:
This was said by Rohan out of fear and frustration having gone through an unexpected turn of event in the middle of the night.

Question 3.
What is referred to as the ‘great moment’?
Answer:
To a little boy, opening gifts that he receives is a great moment. As it was Rohan’s birthday, he refers to unwrapping of the gifts he received.

Question 4.
Who had send the big parcel?
Answer:
The big parcel was from Unke, Munke, Timpetoo.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
A few qualities have been listed below. Write suitable qualities under their names.

1. disciplinarian
2. friendly
3. committed
4. supportive
5. good runner
6. caring
7. loving
8. compassionate
9. eager
10. gratitude
11. nervous

Answer:

Mrs. Groover	Rohan	Muk
disciplinarian	good runner	friendly
caring	eager	committed
compassionate	gratitude	supportive
	nervous	loving

Question 2.
Complete the following.

1. I removed the colorful gift wrapping and found
2. I wondered if Mrs. Groover was responsible
3. She smiled and she looked so different,

Answer:

1. a table tennis set
2. for the surprise
3. almost human

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Why did Rohan whisper “wow!”?
Answer:
Rohan whispered ‘wow!” because when he opened the colourful gift wrapping, he found a table tennis set which he was greatly longing for. Also he was too thriled or and surprised to . say anything else.

Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Form Noun

1. remove
2. wonder
3. perfect
4. quickly

Answer:

1. removal
2. wonderment
3. perfection
4. quickness

Question 2.
Give adverbs form of:

1. imagine
2. increase
3. open
4. scare

Answer:

1. imaginatively
2. increasingly
3. openly
4. scarily

Grammar.

Question 1.
Muk and I went to see Mrs. Groover quite often. Not only because she made the best tea and cookies. We went because we liked her. (Rewrite using not only… but also)
Answer:
Muk and I went to see Mrs. Groover quite often not only because she made the best tea and cookies but also because we liked her.

Question 2.
I removed the strings impatiently. (Pick out the adverb from the given sentence)
Answer:
impatiently

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Do you think Mrs. Groover was responsible for the surprise? Why?
Answer:
Little Rohan longed to get a table tennies set as gift for his birthday and decided to run around a banyan tree in Mrs. Groover’s garden chanting “Unke Munke Timpetoo” seventeen times at 12 midnight. Understanding the child’s mind and seeing him take so much trouble, she decided to make him happy by gifting a fabulous table tennis set, through not brand new.

Question 2.
Why did Rohan and Muk visit Mrs. Groover often?
Answer:
After the initial nervousness and hesitation, Rohan found out that Mrs. Groover also believed in Unke, Munke, Timpetoo. They saw the soft human side of their Ex. Principal and started loving her. She too welcomed them with good tea and cookies. Hence they visited her often.

Question 3.
Did the surprise gift really come from Unke, Munke, Timpetoo? In your opinion, who must have sent the gift?
Answer:
No, the surprise gift did not come from Unke, Munke, Timpetoo. I am sure the surprise gift was sent by Mrs. Groover.

Question 4.
What is ‘Unke, Munke, Timpetoo’ – a charm or an act of friendliness?
Answer:
‘Unke, Munke, Timpetoo’ is an act of friendliness. We must remember that an act of friendliness is an act of godliness. It keeps alive the humanity in us which is very necessary to make this world a happy one.

Language Study.

Question 1.
Affixes: An affix is a letter or series of letters added to the root (main) word that can change its meaning. Affixes can take the form of a prefix or a suffix.
Answer:
(a) Examples of prefixes:

• trans + port = transport
• tri + angle = triangle
• uni + lateral = unilateral
• anti + biotic = antibiotic
• en + courage = encourage
• fore + head = forehead
• dis + appear = disappear
• extra + ordinary = extraordinary
• mid + way = midway
• hyper + active = hyperactive
• micro + scope = microscope
• post + pone = postpone
• ex + President = ex-President
• thermo + meter = thermometer
• super + star = superstar

(b) Some more suffixes:

• fashion + able = fashionable
• play + ful = playful
• slow + ly = slowly
• meaning + less = meaningless
• close + ness = closeness
• mad + ly = madly
• effort + less = effortless
• colour + less = colourless
• sad + ness = sadness
• owner + ship = ownership
• love + able = lovable
• beauty + ful = beautiful
• workman + ship = workmanship
• port + able = portable
• help + ful = helpful
• month + ly = monthly
• quick + ly = quickly

(Add more to this list…)

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Why seventeen times and why at midnight? (Identify the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Interrogative sentence

Question 2.
Don’t ask me. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Don’t ask me, will you?

Question 3.
Forget it. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Forget it, won’t you? / will you?

Question 4.
The aerial roots were swaying in the breeze. (Separate the Subject and Predicate)
Answer:
Subject – The aerial roots
Predicate – were swaying in the breeze.

Question 5.
Muk was climbing the tree. (Identify whether theverbisTransitiveor Intransitive)
Answer:
was climbing – Transitive verb.

Question 6.
Add one of these prefixes to the words below: (un-, re-, dis-)

1. Mother will ………….. (wrap) the gift.
2. My dad had to ………….. (connect) the light.
3. Jane had to ………….. (do) her homework.
4. Mohan ………….. (likes) eating leafy vegetables.
5. The knot on the rope is hard to ………….. (tie).

Answer:

1. unwrap
2. disconnect
3. redo
4. dislikes
5. untie

Question 7.
Write a single word with the prefix ‘un-‘ or ‘dis-‘ to complete each sentence.

1. My brother always ………….. (does not agree) with me.
2. The answer to your question is ………….. (not known).
3. My mother told me not to be ………….. (not honest).
4. I thought I had seen him but he seems to have ………….. (not appear).
5. I was ………….. (not happy) at being scolded.

Answer:

1. disagrees
2. unknown
3. dishonest
4. disappeared
5. unhappy

Question 8.
Put the words in the brackets in the appropriate form. (Use a prefix or a suffix)

1. He is acting in a very ………….. way. (child)
2. She looked ………….. She started to cry. (happy)
3. The team that he supported was able to win the ………….. (champion)
4. There were only a ………….. of people at the match, (hand)
5. I think you should ………….. your decision. (consider)
6. He wants to be a ………….. when he grows up. (politics)

Answer:

1. childish
2. unhappy
3. championship
4. handful
5. reconsider
6. politician

Question 9.
Make adjectives from the following:

1. nonsense
2. secret
3. knowledge
4. poet
5. city
6. village
7. humanity

Answer:

1. nonsensical
2. secretive
3. knowledgeable
4. poetical
5. urban
6. rural
7. humane

Unke Munke Timpetoo Summary in English

This story ‘Unke Munke Timpetoo’ revolves round a young boy Rohan, whose birthday. Rohan’s birthday was soon approaching. He wished to have a table tennis set, which he knew his parents would not be able to afford. He tells his wish to his best friend Muk, who tells him that if he really wished for the set, then he would have to go seventeen times around a banyan tree, at midnight chanting ‘Unke Munke Timpetoo’. At first he was scared but decides to try his luck around the only banyan tree which belonged to his Ex-Principal Mrs. Groover.

A day before his birthday he, along with his friend goes to the banyan tree. Rohan nearly completes his round when Mrs. Groover comes out and Rohan explains to her what he was doing and why. The next day along with his birthday gifts, he gets the gift he wished for. Only it was not brand new. He did not mind it at all. He wonders who could have sent him the table tennis set. He decides to ask Mrs. Groover but does not have the courage. He then asked if she believed in the chant ‘Unke Munke Timpetoo’ to which she said yes. Rohan, Muk and Mrs. Groover became the best of friends.

Introduction:

This story ‘Unke Munke Timpetoo’ is written by Sigrun Srivastava. She is an Indian author of German origin. She has written over 25 books for children of all ages.

Glossary

1. fantastic (adj) – fanciful, extraordinary
2. bully (n) – a person who is cruel to others especially those who are weaker or have less power
3. aerial (adj) – positioned high up in the air
4. ferocious (adj) – fierce
5. fabulous (adj) – marvelous, wonderful
6. vanish (v) – to become invisible, disappear
7. stutter (v) – to stammer

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.2 Odd One In

Class 7 English Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read aloud the conversations in the story turn by turn.

Question 1.
Read aloud the conversations in the story turn by turn.

2. Write about Malti and Rima using the following points:

Question 1.
Write about Malti and Rima using the following points:

Use details from the story and your own imagination when you write the above descriptions.
Answer:

Points		Rima
Appearance	Simple, oily hair, long skirt	Stylish.
Studies	Studious, intelligent, scored well in studies. She was good at Maths.	She was also good in studies.
Singing	She had a melodious and well-trained voice. She wins the first prize in the Inter­house singing competition.	She was also good at singing and wins the first prize in her own category in the Inter­house singing competition.
Attitude Towards Others	Helpful and respectful. Ready to learn from others and improve.	Rude, arrogant, unkind behaviour. She didn’t like to be corrected.
Weak Points	Her English was poor.	She was weak in Hindi. She was jealous of others and thought others to be inferior to her.

3. Imagine you are Malti. Write any one event in the story from Malti’s point of view.

Question 1.
Imagine you are Malti. Write any one event in the story from Malti’s point of view.
Answer:
Yesterday, I was absent from school. I decided to ask Rima and other classmates about the lessons taught by teachers. As soon as I uttered “I wanted to aks you about English assignment”, Rima and her friends burst out laughing. At first I didn’t understand why they were laughing. Then Rima started mocking at me, repeating the word ‘aks’.

Other girls giggled and looked at me with contempt. I felt very bad but I requested Rima to teach me English as she was good in English and its pronunciation. But she told me rudely that as I belong to the countryside, I am incapable of speaking proper English. There was a lump in my throat as I could not bear this humiliation. I wanted to retort but I couldn’t find the right words. I burst into tears and decided to run away from there.

4. How do you behave with your classmates? Write about your attitude and behaviour in the appropriate column:
(Some actions: Ask others for help, Refuse help, Judge others by their appearance, Judge others by their accent)

Question 1.
How do you behave with your classmates? Write about your attitude and behaviour in the appropriate column:
(Some actions: Ask others for help, Refuse help, Judge others by their appearance, Judge others by their accent)

Answer:

Always	Sometimes	Never
I help others.	I am sometimes grumpy towards my friends.	I am never judgemental.
I share my tiffin with my friends.	I enquire about the health of a sick classmate.	I never use harsh words.
I always respect others.	I sometimes visit NGO’s to volunteer.	I never misbehave in class.

Note: Students do the exercise based on their own individual behaviour.

5. Talk about: (a) your strengths (b) your weaknesses (c) the changes that you would like lo see in yourself (3 each).

Question a.
Your strengths:
Answer:
My biggest strength is my willingness to learn and improve myself. I am very polite and humble. I am also a good listener due to which I make friends very easily.

Question b.
Your weaknesses:
Answer:
I am lazy when it comes to doing homework.
I have a phobia of speaking in front of a large group. This has developed into stage fright. I also can’t stop eating once I start. This makes me fall sick very often.

Question c.
The changes that you would like to see in yourself:
Answer:
I would like to get rid of my laziness. I want to start cultivating the habit of reading to improve my language. I would like to participate confidently in competitions. And lastly I want to control my diet for a healthy living.

6. Discuss: Is it necessary to develop a good accent? Why? What efforts can you take to improve your pronunciation? With your teacher’s help, find out how to use online dictionaries for the purpose.

Question 1.
Discuss: Is it necessary to develop a good accent? Why? What efforts can you take to improve your pronunciation? With your teacher’s help, find out how to use online dictionaries for the purpose.
Answer:
Yes, it is extremely necessary to develop a good accent because it aids in communication. A proper accent is important to understand and be understood. I can refer a dictionary that provides pronunciation key. I can also listen to news channels such as BBC that helps us to speak English the way the natives do. Besides, no matter what the language, avoiding the influence of mother tongue can help improve pronunciation.

7. list all the adverbs that end with ‘-ly’ from the passage.

Question 1.
list all the adverbs that end with ‘-ly’ from the passage.
Answer:

1. quietly
2. rudely
3. cattily
4. uncharitably
5. sadly
6. snidely
7. abundantly
8. readily
9. cheerfully
10. mercilessly
11. particularly
12. roundly
13. badly
14. stubbornly

8. Language Study:

Question 1.
Types of nouns: You know that a noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. The names given to particular persons, places, animals etc. are proper nouns and the rest are common nouns. For example, ‘Ria’ is a proper noun, because it is the name of a particular person. But, ‘girl’ Is a common noun, as It is not the name of a particular person. ‘Ahmednagar’ Is a proper noun, because it is the name of a particular place. ‘Town’ Is a common noun, because it is not the name of a particular place.
Answer:

Write at least 5 common nouns and 5 proper nouns each. Proper nouns are always written with a capital letter at the beginning. Can you think of proper nouns that include two or more words? How are they written? Find at least ten such nouns.
Examples: Seva Hospital, The Times of India.

Class 7 English Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Complete the web.
Answer:
i.

ii.

Question 2.
How did Rima and her friends try to offend Malti?
Answer:
Rima and her friends tried to. offend Malti by asking her about the oil on her hair and her long skirt.

Question 3.
Guess what Malti was about to say when the teacher entered?
Answer:
When the teacher entered, Malti was about to probably justify why she wore long skirt or oiled her hair.

Question 4.
What did Rima and her gang decide to do during the Inter-house singing competition? Did they succeed? Why?
Answer:
Rima and her gang decided to jeer when Malti sang but they did not succeed as there was such absolute silence that they did’not dare to do so. They were sure to get caught if they did

Question 5.
Why did Rima feel no joy even though she came first in her category?
Answer:
(Rima had thought that Malti must be a miserable singer and would lose in the singing competition but Malti won the first prize. Rima felt no joy even though she came first in her category as she was proved wrong and may be she even felt jealous of Malti.

Question 6.
Why did Rima walk off in a huff?
Answer:
Rima’s friends told her that she was rude to Malti. This shocked Rima as her own friends had turned against her. So, she walked off in a huff.

Question 7.
What would you have done if you would have been in Malti’s place?
Answer:
If I would have been in Malti’s place, I would have done exactly what Malti did. I would have let my work and performance speak for myself. I would have also tried to befriend Rima by helping her or praising her for her strengths.

Question 8.
Write a character sketch of Rima.
Answer:
Rima was a school-going girl who had her own clique of stylish girls. She was quick to judge people by their outward appearance. She was a bit of a snob who didn’t hesitate to comment on Malti’s oily hair. She had an envious nature as she wasn’t happy about Malti winning the first prize although she herself had also won the first prize in her own category. She thought herself to be far more superior as she was city-bred and could speak good English. She was too proud to accept her mistake when her friends pointed it out to her.

Question 9.
Discuss the meaning in the context of the story.
Answer:

1. befriended (v) – became friends
2. snob (n) – criticizing people coming from lower social class or are less education
3. forte (n) – something one is good at
4. belied (v) – failed to give a true impression or to tell lie
5. smart (adj) – intelligent, clever
6. confident (adj) – feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one’s abilities or qualities or being sure about ones abilities.
7. insufferable (adj) – intolerable

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
i. “Any new girls in your class?” enquired her father …………. .
ii. “She can’t speak …………. English.
Answer:
i. Mr. Sen
ii. much

Question 2.
Say whether true or false and correct in case the statement is false.
Rima can’t speak much English.
Answer:
False. Malti can’t speak much English.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
How did Rima describe Malti to her father?
Answer:
Rima described to her father that Malti was a funny girl from a state at the other end of the country who could not speak much English. She also added that Malti came with oily hair and a bindi and spoke with a strange accent.

Question 2.
Do Rima and her parents share the same attitude?
Answer:
No, Rima and her parents do not share the same’attitude. The parents confront Rima with reality. We know that because Rima’s parents defend and praise Malti when Rima criticizes her.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meanings of the following words in the context of the story
Answer:

• settling in (v) – to arrange oneself comfortably in
• sniffed (v) – drew in air audibly to show dislike
• mimicked (v) – imitated the voice and behaviour
• grimaced (v) – made a twisted expression on face to express disgust.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Write at least 4 Proper nouns from the above passage.
Answer:

1. Rima
2. Mr. Sen
3. Malti
4. English

Question 2.
Write at least 4 Common nouns from the above passage.
Answer:

1. mother
2. day
3. girls
4. school

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you ever been a victim of bullying in your class? How did you tackle it?
Answer:
Yes, I have been a victim of bullying in my class due by a handful of bullies in the class. They used to call me ‘teacher’s pet’ and tease me. Initially I was annoyed. But with the help of my parents and teachers I began to help one of the weaker students who used to bully me. In the first semester his grade were raised and he became fan and strong supporter. Eventually the others also realized their mistakes and accepted me as a friend and took my help to improve.

Question 2.
How did Rima decide whether or not Malti was smart? What is your opinion?
Answer:
Rima decided Malti’s smartness by the way she dressed and spoke English. I do not think that we should judge someone’s smartness by their outward appearance. Besides, even if someone does not speak good English, it cap always be learnt and improved upon, and the person may be very good at some other language.

Question 3.
Do Rima and her parents share the same attitude? How do we know that?
Answer:
No, Rima and her parents do not share the same opinion. We know this from the conversation between Rima and her parents. The mother feels that Malti is a clever girl for she raised her hand to answer all questions in the class. When Rima said that Malti’s English is bad and she isn’t clever, her father pointed out to Rima that the same goes with her Hindi.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web with the names of Rina Clique friends.
Answer:

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Why was Rima sad and depressed at lunch time?
Answer:
Rima was sad and depressed at lunch time because she knew she had behaved badly with Malti but didn’t want to accept it. Besides her own friends had gone against her.

Question 2.
Which lines from the passage tell us that Malti was a very humble person?
Answer:
“I know my English is weak. Yours is good. Please, will you help me to improve it?” These lines tell us that Malti was very humble.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the antonyms of:
1. proud
2. mercilessly
Answer:
1. humble
2. mercifully, compassionately

Grammar:

Question 1.
Her own friends had turned against her.
(Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Her own friends – subject
had turned against her – predicate.

Question 2.
Rima was shocked. (Transform into a question)
Answer:
Wasn’t Rima shocked?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Is it necessary to accept one’s mistake? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is very necessary for one to accept his mistake, because only when we accept our mistake will we make an attempt to improve ourselves. Besides, one must understand that we are all humans and are bound to make mistakes. What is important is to learn from the mistakes and not repeat them.

Language study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Write at least 5 common nouns and 5 proper nouns each.
Answer:

• Common nouns: parents, friends, table, participants, child, etc.
• Proper nouns: Rima, Malti, Saturday, English; Clare, etc.

Question 2.
Can you think of proper nouns that include two or more words? How are they written? Find at least ten such nouns.
Answer:
Proper nouns with two or more words have each word beginning with a capital letter except prepositions and articles.
(a) St. Peter’s Church (b) Marks & Spencer (c) The Retreat Resort (d) United Kingdom (e) Bank of Baroda (f) Big Bazaar (g) The United States of America (h) United Colours of Benetton (i) The Great Escape Water Park (j) Phoenix Market City Mall.

Question 3.
Match the meanings.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. forte	a. to arrange oneself comfortably in a new place
2. belied	b. to transfer
3. befriended	c. to express contempt
4. settling in	d. fail to give a true impression of something
5. sniffed	e. intolerable
6. insufferable	f. become a friend when in need of help
	g. something one is good at

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. forte	g. something one is good at
2. belied	d. fail to give a true impression of something
3. befriended	f. become a friend when in need of help
4. settling in	a. to arrange oneself comfortably in a new place
5. sniffed	c. to express contempt
6. insufferable	e. intolerable

Question 4.
Add a suffix to any 4 words from the lesson to make their noun forms.
Answer:

• improve – improvement
• quiet – quietness
• clear – clearance
• bright – brightness

Question 5.
Make sentences using phrases/idioms.
Answer:
Question i.
To help oneself
Answer:
She placed the bowl of dessert on the table and askeci the guests to help themselves.

Question ii.
To dote on someone
Answer:
My best friend’s mother dotes on her and buys her expensive clothes.

Question iii.
To be on the verge of something
Answer:
The differences between the two countries increased so much that they were on the verge of having a war.

Question iv.
To burst into tears
Answer:
When she saw her lost child after seven days, she burst into tears.

Question v.
To walk away in a huff
Answer:
When Hera’s friends started teasing her for her new hairstyle, she walked away in a huff.

Question 6.
Discuss the difference in the meaning of the following words:
Answer:

1. Smart – a clean, tidy, well-dressed person having quick-witted intelligence.
2. confident – a person who believes in oneself or one abilities and qualities.
3. snob – person who believes that his/her taste in a particular area is superior to those of other people.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
The teachers had liked the respectful, intelligent girl from the beginning.
(Pick out the adjectives and state their kind)
Answer:
respectful, intelligent – Adjectives of quality.

Question 2.
Malti sang beautifully.
(Pick out the verb and state whether it is transitive or intransitive)
Answer:
sang – Intransitive.

Question 3.
No one was surprised when Malti won the first prize.
(Pick out the conjunction)
Answer:
when – conjunction.

Question 4.
We put Rima into a good school to make her smart and confident.
(Pick out the preposition)
Answer:
into, to – preposition.

Question 5.
Malti answered ………………. .
(Fill in adverb of your choice to complete the sentence)
Answer:
softly, politely

Question 6.
She can’t speak much English.
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
She can’t speak much English, can she?

Question 7.
Malti looked offended but did not reply. (Replace the underlined conjunction with another conjunction without changing the meaning)
Answer:
Malti looked offended still yet did not reply.

Question 8.
Malti felt bad about their ………………….. .
(Fill in the blank with an abstract noun of your choice)
Answer:
Malti felt bad about their poverty.

Question 9.
This one does not seem smart at all.
(Change the number)
Answer:
These ones do not seem smart at all.

Question 10.
Rima did come first in her category.
(Pick out the adjective)
Answer:
first – adjective

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Can you imagine what happened next in this story of Rima and Malti? Complete the story on your own.
The time gone by …………….
Answer:
Rima knew that she had behaved very badly. She was too proud to admit it – even to herself. Next day, after a sleepless night, Rima dragged herself to school. When she reached, her friends were already chatting with Malti. This upset her even more. Within a week or so, all her friends had befriended Malti and were all praises about her. But Rima thought otherwise.

She took it to be a wicked plan of Malti to isolate her from her friends. Rima who had always been a topper started losing confidence. This affected her performance in exams. She soon lost the affection of her teachers who thought she needed to change her rude behaviour. Rima’s health suffered and she fell sick very often. After a week’s absence from school, when she resumed, none of her friends asked her about her health.

When she asked for notes that she had missed, no one lent her the books. Rima approached the teacher and requested her to give her a week’s time to complete all the books. She also asked if she could get someone’s book to complete her notes.

The teacher send that Malti had already made notes for Rima with her permission. Rima completed all her books with Malti’s help. She was touched by this kind of gesture. She realised her mistake and apologized to Malti who embraced her. Both Rima and Malti became best of friends. Rima had learnt that beauty is skin deep.

Odd One In Summary in English

Introduction:

The lesson ‘Odd One In’ is an excerpt from the book of the same name by Tithi Tavora. Set against the backdrop of challenges encountered by a newcomer in school. The story highlights the importance of inner beauty as compared to outward appearance.

Paraphrase:

The story revolves around Rima, a city bred brat, who is quick to judge the newcomer, Malti, a countryside girl. Rima and her friends look down upon Malti for her simple looks and dressing sense. However, Malti proves her mettle to them over a period of time. Rima learns a lesson not to judge anyone by their outward appearance and be respectful to one and all. But does she really learn the lesson? Well, read the story to find more….

Glossary:

1. shrugged (v) – raised the shoulders slightly and briefly as a sign that one does not care or know about something.
2. grimaced (v) – made a twisted expression on the face to express disgust or pain or something hurting youth.
3. mimicked (v) – imitatedl the voice and behaviour
4. chorused (v) – said the same thing together
5. giggled (v) – laughed in a silly way
6. cattily (adv) – in a mean way
7. recounted (v) – narrated
8. uncharitably (adv) – in an unkind way
9. atrocious (adj) – bad
10. countered (v) – opposed
11. snidely (adv) – rudely and critically
12. abundantly (adv) – extremely
13. nimble (adj) – quick
14. clique (n) – a group of people who do not readily allow others to join
15. exaggerated (v) – altered; to make something larger than it is.
16. accent (n) – pronunciation
17. countrified (adj) – unsophisticated, simple
18. retort (v) – to reply in a short angry or witty manner
19. jeer (v) – make rude remarks a in a loud voice
20. horrid (adj) – horrible
21. roundly (adv) – completely
22. subdued (adj) – quiet and depressed

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.3 The Worm Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.3 The Worm

Class 8 English Chapter 2.3 The Worm Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. ‘Worms play a very important role; in maintaining ecological balance. They are friends of farmers.’ Form groups and discuss the significance; of worms in the above two roles.
(Point: worms – loosen the soil-bring up fertile soil-turn organic garbage into organic fertilizers-provide/proteins, etc.)
(Students can discuss this as Oral Work.)

2. Think and write down how the following creatures can be useful:

Question a.
DragonFly:
Answer:
eats mosquitoes and flies; controls unwanted insects.

Question b.
Spider:
Answer:
keeps insect population under control.

Question c.
Ants:
Answer:
turn and aerate the soil; help; in seed dispersal.

Question d.
Honeybees:
Answer:
provide honey; help in pollination.

Question e.
Earthworms:
Answer:
loosen the soil; turn organic garbage into fertilizer.

3. Little creatures in nature can also be your teachers. Think and write: what we can learn from the following:

Question a.
Bees:
Answer:
organization; hard work self-sacrifice

Question b.
Ants:
Answer:
team work hard work discipline

Question c.
Spiders:
Answer:
patience perseverance

Question d.
Caterpillars:
Answer:
patience acceptance of change

4. Breeding worms to convert organic waste into fertilizer is called Vermiculture or Vermicomposting.
Find out more about Vermiculture and how you can carry out the same in your garden/backyard to fertilize your plants at home.
(Students can attempt this on their own as a project.)

1. Read the poem aloud and you ill find some old outdated words that we do not use in everyday language now.
However, some writers poets use them to impart an old-fashioned flavour to suit the background of their write-up. Such words are called Archaic words.
Give the modem words for the archaic words from the poem.

1. thy
2. being
3. bestow’d
4. thee
5. thou
6. canst

Answer:

1. thy – your
2. being – life
3. bestow’d – gifted/given as a gift
4. thee – you
5. thou – you
6. cans’t – can

Read any poem I sonnet by William Shakespeare. Pick out archaic words and guess what they mean.

2. The poet uses a device where he directly addresses someone absent or abstarct. Such a device is the Figure of Speech called ‘Apostrophe’.
For example: Turn, turn, thy, hasty, foot aside.

Pick out any two other lines from the poem that on1uin an Apostrophe.
Answer:
(i)Turn, turn thy hasty foot aside
(ii) Let them enjoy their little day
(iii) O do not lightly take away
The life thou canst not give.

3. Think and answer in your own words ¡n your notebook:

Question a.
Why does the poet appeal to us to respect the life of worms?
OR
Why should we take care even of small worms?
Answer:
The poet urges us to remember that every creature on this earth is created by God for some purpose. We must hence respect every creature, big or small, for each has its own role to play in this universe. Besides, we have no right to lightly take away a life which we cannot give back.

Question b.
Why had God created worms? What is their ecological importance?
Answer:
Every creature on this earth is created by God for some purpose. Worms play a very important role in maintaining ecological balance. They loosen and aerate the mud and bring up fertile, nutrient-rich soil. They turn organic garbage into organic fertilizers. Their bodies provide proteins.
Thus, though they are so small, they play a huge role in maintaining ecological balance, and this is the purpose for which God created them.

Question c.
Live and let live’ is a famous proverb. Which lines from the poem support this proverb?
Answer:
The lines from the poem that support the proverb ‘Live and let live’ Eire:

(i) Turn, turn thy hasty foot aside Nor crush that helpless worm
(ii) Let them enjoy their little day
(iii) Do not lightly take away The life thou canst not give

Question d.
Does the poem urge us to protect I only worms ? What is the general message conveyed through the poem?
Answer:
Though the poem is about the worm, the general message is that God has created all the creatures on earth, big ? and small, and every creature has a role to play. All beings have equal rights over the bounties of the earth. No one can take away a life that he/she cannot give.

4. Find from the library or internet other poems composed on tiny Hing creatures. Try to understand the message in each of them.

5. ‘Even small things in nature play a big role. So protect nature!’
Frame some solgans based on the above topic.
Draft a short speech on the abose topic, which you could give at your school assembly.
Use the following steps while drafting.
(1) Greeting
(2) Salutation
(3) Self-introduction
(4) Introduction of the topic
(5) Body of the speech
(6) Conclusion
(7) Expression of gratitude to audience
Answer:

Small But Important

Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, Good morning. Today is 5th June, World Environment Day, and on this important day I, Smruti Kamath, would like to say a few words on the huge role played by the small things in nature.

Let me begin with the earthworm. The earthworm is rightly called the friend of the farmer for it helps the farmer in immeasurable ways. It not only loosens and turns up the soil, it converts garbage into organic fertilizer too. Those minute creatures, ants, help in aerating the soil and in seed dispersal. Bees, in addition to providing honey, are indispensable in pollination. We owe our food to the work done by these little insects. Dragonflies and spiders keep down the insect population by eating insects. Frogs and fish eat the larvae of mosquitoes.

I could go on and on, extolling the virtues and the uses of every little being on this earth. However, time does not permit me to do this, and I end my speech by requesting all of you here to understand and respect the importance and the place of every little creature on this earth. Thank you.

6. Puruphrase the poem in your own simple language. Write it down in your notebook.
Answer:
In this poem, the poet tells the reader, who is in a hurry, to turn his foot aside so that he does not crush the helpless worm. The reader may be filled with scorn and hatred for the worm, but it was created by God.

The same God who made human beings and all other things that move has also given a portion of His unlimited love to the poor worm.
God has given the sun, the moon and the stars free to all the creatures He created. The grass that grows over the earth was made for worms as well as for human beings. The poet urges the reader to allow the worms to enjoy their brief life with its humble pleasures. He tells us not to take away a life which we cannot give.

7. Frame a pointwise Analysis of the poem ‘The worm’. Use the following points.
Answer:

(a) Poem and poet: ‘The Worm’ by Thomas Gisborne.
(b) Theme: Respect every creature big or small, for each has its own role to play in this universe.
(c) Tone: Serious and thought-provoking in the imperative.
(d) Structure and stanzas: Stanzas of four lines each short lines.
(e) Rhyme and Rhythm: Rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, and so on. The last words of the first and third line and second and fourth line of every stanza rhyme, Rhythm is smooth.
(f) Language and Imagery: Archaic language; no imagery.
(g) Figures of Speech: Apostrophe, Inversion.

Class 8 English Chapter 2.3 The Worm Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following:

Question 1.
The other creations of God that are mentioned in the poem are the sun, _____.
Answer:
the moon, the stars, the earth, blades of grass and humans.

Question 2.
The thought in the last two lines is that _____.
Answer:
we have no right to lightly take away a life that we cannot give back.

Question 3.
Pick out examples of Inversion from the poem.
Answer:
(i) On that poor worm bestow’d
(ii) The sun, the moon the stars He made To all His creatures free.

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Even small things in nature play a big role. So protect nature Frame some slogans based on the above topic.
Answer:
(i) Nurture nature and get/nurtured by nature.
(ii) All creatures great and small.
The good Lord made them all.
(iii) Take care of one and all.
All creatures great and small.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future

Class 7 English Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud using proper rhythm and intonation.

Question 1.
Read the poem aloud using proper rhythm and intonation.

2. Link the items in the three columns properly.

Question 1.
Link the items in the three columns properly.

Answer:

A	B	C
The past	A soft and mild autumn evening	A pleasant time which has ended
The present hour	A green and flowery spray where a young bird sits	A time, full of life in which you gather strength
The future	A sea beneath a cloudless sun	An exciting, thrilling time which has no end

3. Find the meaning of the following words.
thee, mournfully, spray, mighty

Question 1.
Find the meaning of the following words.
thee, mournfully, spray, mighty
Answer:

• thee – you (archaic/old usage)
• mournfully – sadly
• spray – a flowering branch
• might – physical strength

4. WrIte the adjectives that are used to describe the following.
evening, spray, sea

Question 1.
Write the adjectives that are used to describe the following.
Answer:

• evening – soft, mild
• spray – green, flowery
• sea – mighty, glorious, dazzling

5. Write one line about each of the following with the help of the poem.

Question 1.
Wind in the autumn evening
Answer:
It sighs expressing sadness.

Question 2.
Young bird on the spray.
Answer:
Sits on the flowery branch gathering all its physical and mental strength to explore the blue sky.

Question 3.
The Sea.
Answer:
Vast is the sea beneath the cloudless sun and as it stretches endlessly, it displays might, glorious and dazzling beauty.

6. Language Study:
A simile Is an imaginative comparison of two different things which have something in common. A simile always includes the words ‘as’ or ‘like’. For example: as tall as a tree, as lovely as a flower A metaphor is an imaginative expression that refers to someone/something as another person/thing. It shows thai the person or thing has some quality of that other person or thing. The words ‘as’ or ‘like’ are not used in a metaphor. For example : He is a gem of a person. Time is money. Books are our friends. The clouds are white sheep.
There are three metaphors in the poem. Can you find them?
Answer:
The three metaphors are:
Question i.
‘What is the past like to thee?
An autumn evening soft and mild’
Answer:
Here the past is compared to an autumn evening.

Question ii.
’Tell me, what is the present hour?
A green and flowery spray.’
Answer:
Here the present is compared to a green and flowery spray.

Question iii.
’And what is the future, happy one?
A sea beneath a cloudless sun.’
Answer:
Here the present is compared to a sea beneath a cloudless sun.

Class 7 English Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is the child’s definition of different periods of time which is presented in the form of a dialogue between the poetess and the child.

Question 2.
What does the past stand for according to the child?
Answer:
According to the child, the past was a pleasant time but they are moments which cannot be revisited as they would never return back.

Question 3.
How does the child define the present time?
Answer:
For the child, the present is a time where he/she
prepares for the future which is unknown, but also exciting so it is the time to gather strength.

Question 4.
How is the present moment viewed with optimism by the child?
Answer:
The child compares the present time to a green and flowery branch on which a bird is all set to take off and explore the unlimited possibilities which awaits it.
This tells us that the present is something which is viewed with optimism by the child as he believes that once we gather strength, nothing is impossible.

Question 5.
How do you define time?
Answer:
According to me, time is the most precious gift we possess. It is up to us to make utmost use of it. We should plan and prioritise to make use of most of the time in hand.
How true is the Estonian proverb!
“Wasting time is robbing oneself”

Reading Skills and Poetic Device

Read the following extract and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with any four describing words from the extract.
Answer:

Question 2.
Choose the correct alternative and complete the sentence:
For the child in the poem the past was
i. a pleasant time.
ii. an unpleasant experience.
Answer:
For the child in the poem the past was a pleasant time.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What is the theme of the poem?
Answer:
The theme of the poem is about time and the child’s definition about the different periods of time.

Question 2.
How is this poem presented?
Answer:
This poem is presented as a dialogue between the poetess and a happy child.

Question 3.
What is the one characteristic of the past? Which is emphasised in the poem?
Answer:
One characteristic of the past which is emphasised in the poem is that we can never go back to it.

Question 4.
How should we make use of the present time?
Answer:
We should make use of the present time by using it to gather strength and courage to face the future.

Poetic Device:

Rewrite the Metaphors as Similes:

Question 1.
The past is an autumn evening soft and mild.
Answer:
The past is like an autumn evening soft and mild.

Question 2.
The present is a green and flowery spray.
Answer:
The present is like a green and flowery spray.

Question 3.
The future is a sea beneath a cloudless sun.
Answer:
The future is like a sea beneath a cloudless sun.

Question 4.
Give the rhyme scheme of the first stanza.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is (a b a c).

Question 5.i.
Name and explain the figures of speech.
With a wind that sighs mournfully
Answer:
Personification – Wind is given human qualities,

Question ii.
What the past is like to thee?
‘An Autumn evening soft and mild.
Answer:
Simile – Direct comparison of past with an autumn evening.

Formative Assessment

Question 1.
Complete the following stanza to compose a poem on the topic:
The time gone by…….

Past, Present, Future Introduction:

Past, Present, Future written by Emily Bronte is a dialogue between the poetess and a happy child. They discuss what each period of time means to the child, a child with the ability to see beauty and optimism around it.

Past, Present, Future Summary in English

The poetess Emily Bronte begins the poem by asking a happy child what the past is like to him/ her. In response the child compares the past as an autumn evening which is soft and mild with a sad wind sighing in the background.

In response to the query about the present hour the child compares it to the pleasant green and flowery branch wherein a young bird gathers courage and power to mount and fly above the blue sky. In other words the child finds the present filled with hope, courage and aspiration to scale great heights; the time to gather strength.

On being asked about the future the child compares it with a sea under a cloudless sun, a sea which is mighty, glorious, dazzling and never ending. Through these words the child implies about the thrilling and never ending possibilities which awaits for him/her.

Glossary:

1. autumn (n) – the season which follows summer when leaves fall from the trees
2. mild (adj) – not severe or not very harsh
3. mournfully (adv) – with sad feelings
4. spray (n) – a flowering branch
5. mount (n) – to ascend, get ready for take off
6. glorious (adj) – marvellous
7. dazzling (adj) – extremely bright
8. stretching (v) – to be made longer
9. infinity (n) – endlessness
10. sighs (v) – to let out a long breath slowly to express sadness
11. thee (pro) – you
12. mighty (adj) – possessing great power or strength; very powerful
13. beneath (prep) – under

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals

Class 8 English Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up

A. Study the pictures given on page 30 of the textbook and note the differences :

Answer:
Set (i) In the first panel a boy is going to school while a girl of the same age is doing household chores. In the next panel, both the boy and the girl are going to school.

Answer:
Set (ii) In the first panel, a woman is trudging along balancing pots of water on her head and a baby on her hip. In the next panel, a woman is teaching children at a school.

B. Now write what you observe in the following two pictures:

Answer:
(i) In the first panel a boy and a man are shown sharing the household chores, leaving the women to do other work.
(ii) In the next panel, men and women are working in an office together at an equal level.

C. Which pictures reflect gender equality? Write their numbers.
Answer:
The pictures on the right-hand side of:
(A) and both the pictures of
(B) reflect gender equality.

D. Write down any two slogans on gender equality.
Answer:
(i) Let’s have peace and unity
For all, give equal opportunity.

(ii) Men and women, Are all the same.
Please stop playing, This discrimination game.

1. A. Find from the lesson words/phrases that mean the following:

Question a.
colours …………
Answer:
Hues.

Question b.
a person who writes for newspapers/magazines …………
Answer:
Journalist.

Question c.
make a difference between ………
Answer:
Discriminate.

Question d.
cryover ………
Answer:
Lament

Question e.
explain in detail ………
Answer:
Throw light on.

Question f.
abilities and qualities ……….
Answer:
Potential

Question g.
same availability ……….
Answer:
Equal Access

Question h.
a person who brings about a social/political change …………
Answer:
Activist.

1. B. Pick out five Compound words from the lesson.
Answer:

• anywhere
• household crystal-clear
• courtyard
• reading room
• middle-aged

2. Answer in your own words:

Question a.
Read and write down 5 points which prove that Tomba, (Lanthoi’s father) firmly believes in gender equality.
Answer:
The facts which prove that Tomba firmly believes in gender equality are:

1. Tomba is supportive of Ashang bis activities as a woman’s rights activist.
2. He advocates the cause of women.
3. He does not discriminate between a man’s work and a woman’s work.
4. He shares equally with Ashangbi in doing the household chores like cooking, washing, etc.
5. He tells Lanthoi that the world is still full of inequalities and they have to find a way to bring equality between men and women.

Question b.
In what ways is Ashangbi different from other women of her community?
Answer:
Ashangbi is different from other women of her community:

• she is a woman’s rights activist
• she is a journalist is different

Question c.
What are the provisions in the Declaration of the United Nations, to ensure equality of men and women?
Answer:
The provisions In the Declaration of the United Nations to ensure equality of men and women are:

• equal access to basic social services including health and education.
• equal participation in political and economic decision-making.
• equal reward for equal work, and
• elimination of discrimination and violence against women.

3. Who said to whom and when / why?

	Who said?	To Whom?	When/why?
………the world is full of inequalities
I want to do something interesting
It is against the will of God
Our home is full of love……..
……….we can affirm along with United Nations that men and women are equal.

Answer:

	Who said?	To Whom?	When/why?
………the world is full of inequalities	Tomba	Lanthoi	When he is discussing gender equality with his daughter.
I want to do something interesting	Lanthoi	Ashangbi	When she wants to discuss something with her mother.
It is against the will of God	Ashangbi	Lanthoi	When she is talking about the subjugation of women.
Our home is full of love……..	Lanthoi	Ashangbi	When she is discussing gender equality with her mother.
……….we can affirm along with United Nations that men and women are equal.	Ashangbi	Lanthoi	When Lanthol asked her about the provisions available to enable women to express their potential and set themselves free from suppression.

4. We have studied in previous classes that Pronouns are nords used instead of Nouns.

We also know about Personal Pronouns like I, you, he, she, my, your, his, her, they etc.
There are other words also which are used in place of nouns.
(i) This, that, these, those point to some noun.
For example: ‘Ihi is a kingfisher.’ Those are herons.’ Such Pronouns are called Demonstrative Pronouns.

(ii) Some pronouns not only replace nouns, but also connect two sentences.
For example : Biology is a science. It studies living organisms.’
Biology is a science which / th studies living organisms.
Some other such pronouns are who, whose, whom etc.
They are called Relative Pronouns.

(iii) Some pronouns are used to ask questions.
For example: What is your name?
Which is your coat?
Who is your coach?
The underlined words are Interrogative Pronouns.

Underline the Pronouns in the following sentences and name their types:

Question 1.
What do you want to do?
Answer:
What do you want to do?
What – Interrogative Pronoun
you – Personal Pronoun

Question 2.
It is because of your father that I feel no inequality.
Answer:
It is because of your father that I feel no inequality.
your, I-Personal Pronoun

Question 3.
This is what your topic means.
Answer:
This is what your topic means.
This – Demonstrative Pronoun;
your-Personal Pronoun

Question 4.
She is fascinated by the small trail, which winds up the mountain.
Answer:
She is fascinated by the small trail, which winds up the mountain.
She – Personal Pronoun
which – Interrogative Pronoun

5. Read the following lines. Imagine it is the beginning of an instance you have experienced. Complete the incident using your imagination. Give it u positise ending. I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to ………….

Continue the write-ups with your own ideas, in about 12 – 15 lines.
Answer:
I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter, Meera, was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to do something about it. I knew that as a young girl, I could not go in and give them advice. It had to be done diplomatically. I decided to make a folder of stories of successful women who had scaled wonderful heights and were greatly respected. I also made a list of women entrepreneurs and their lives. It took me a long time to do this, but it also became my project at school and I got guidance from my teacher and my mother. They asked me to make a power-point presentation too, in addition to the folder. After about three months of hard work. my project was complete.

One afternoon, when I knew that Meera’s mother would be alone at home, I took my presentation and my folder. Pretending that I wanted her opinion on my school project, I showed her the entire presentation. My plan was successful. At the end of two anxious hours, Meera’s mother turned round and hugged me. “I get your message,” she said through her tears. “We have been unfair to Meera. We will rectify it immediately. Thanks, dear.”
I don’t know the marks I will get in school for my project, but according to me, it is already in the A+ category. It has made a positive impact. And that’s enough reward for me.

6. Project :
From your school library or internet collect quotations/slogans promoting gender equality. Make decorative posters with pictures of outstanding women or sketches or illustrations of your choice. With permission, put up the posters in your school surroundings.

Class 8 English Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Make a list of the beautiful natural surroundings of the house.
Answer:

• A small stream of crystal clear water.
• The green mountains
• A stretch of hundreds of acres of fertile land with yellow mustard flowers.
• A garden in front of the house.
• Many kinds of trees bearing flowers of different colours and fruits.
• Fragrant jasmine.

Question 2.
Write down the ways in which Ashangbi is different from other women of her community.
Answer:

Question 3.
What help did Lanthoi need from her mother?
Answer:
Lanthoi was going to speak on the topic ‘God created men and women as equals’ at her school. She wanted to have some discussion with her mother on the topic.

State what kind of sentences the following are:

Question 1.
Tell me what you want to do.
Answer:
Imperative

Question 2.
Will you spare some time to have a discussion with me ?
Answer:
Interrogative

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think that a woman should have a paid job outside the house or stay at home as a full-time homemaker?
Answer:
I think that depends on the woman and the circumstances. If she is qualified and wants to pursue a career, she should do so. If she wishes to stay at home, she should do that. It is important that she should have the freedom to choose and do as she wishes.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What did Lanthoi’s father work as?
Answer:
Lanthoi’s father Tomba is a lawyer and a social wrorker, who advocates the cause of women.

Question 2.
What does Ashangbi feel about Tomba’s views on gender equality?
Answer:
Ashangbi is appreciative of Tomba’s view on gender equality.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
List the ways in which Tomba contributes towards Ashangbi’s success.
Answer:
The ways in which Tomba contributes towards Ashangbi’s success are:

• Tomba is supportive of Ashangbi’s activities.
• He is always proud of his wife and children.
• In times of need, he helps his wife and children.
• He does not discriminate between a man’s work and woman’s work.
• He shares equally with Ashangbi in doing the household chores like cooking, washing, etc.

Question 2.
Describe how mother explained Lanthoi’s topic for her speech at school.
Answer:
Lanthoi’s topic for her speech was ‘God created men and women as equals.’ Ashangbi explained to Lanthoi that God has sent men and women to our earth to share the joys and sorrows of life equally, to share His blessings and to enjoy the bounty of nature equally. Hence, men and women are equals and should be treated as such.

Question 3.
Write down five points which prove that Tomba firmly believes in gender equality.
Answer:
The facts which prove that Tomba firmly believes in gender equality are:

• Tomba is supportive of Ashangbi’s activities as a woman’s rights activist.
• He advocates the cause of women.
• He does not discriminate between a man’s work and woman’s work.
• He shares equally with Ashangbi in doing the household chores like cooking, washing, etc.
• He tells Lanthoi that the world is still full of inequalities and they have to find a way to bring equality between men and women.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
In olden days, men and women had ‘fixed’ roles to play, and ‘fixed’ jobs to do. Do you think there should be a change in this today?
Answer:
Yes, as society changes and progresses we must change the ‘fixed’ roles and ‘fixed’ jobs too. Today, when women are going out, working and adding to the family income, men too should help in the house. Women have learnt to do many jobs which were earlier done only by men. Men too should learn to do jobs which were earlier done only by women.

Write whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 1.
Lanthoi’s grandmother has narrated many stories about brave queens to her.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Lanthoi found the topic of pioneer women boring.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Linthoingambi and Kuranganayani were brave kings.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Lanthoi has a lot of respect for Ashangbi.
Answer:
True

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Describe how the role of a mother is honoured and praised.
Answer:
The mother is said to be the fountain of love in the family. This bond of love cannot be compared to anything else in the world. Motherhood has been glorified because of this and therefore women accept the challenges in life to become a mother.

Question 2.
Complete the web showing the achievements of modern women.

Answer:

Write the noun forms of the following words:

• know
• qual
• narrated
• brave

Answer:

• knowledge
• equality
• narration/narrator
• bravery

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
This bond of love Is beyond comparison with anything else in the world.
(Make the sentence negative.)
Answer:
This bond of love cannot be compared with anything else In the world.

Question 2.
Life is not possible without both women and men.
(Make the sentence affirmative.)
Answer:
Life is impossible without both women and men.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you read stories/biographies of successful women? Did you like them?
Answer:
Yes, I have. I have read about Rani Laxmlbal. I have also read short stories and articles about women like Marie Curie, Sudha Chandran, Annie Besant, Mother Teresa, etc. like them and find them motivating.

Write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’:

Question 1.
Lanthoi finally understands what the topic of the symposium means.
Answer:
Yes

Question 2.
Ashangbi satisfies her daughter’s curiosity.
Answer:
Yes

Question 3.
Lanthoi is unsure and nervous about her presentation.
Answer:
No

Question 4.
The United Nations has affirmed that men and women are equals.
Answer:
Yes

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Write down the provisions in the Declaration of the United Nations to ensure equality of men and women. OR What social justice does the aegis of the United Nations guarantee?
Answer:
The provisions In the Declaration of the United Nations to ensure equality of men and women are:

• equal access to basic social services including health and education.
• equal participation in political and economic decision-making.
• equal reward for equal work, and
• elimination of discrimination and violence against women.

Question 2.
Describe the vision that meets Lanthoi’s eyes when she rushes outdoor.
Answer:
When Lanthoi rushes outdoors, she is welcomed by the bright morning sun. The blue sky and the range of mountains : appear to meet. Lanthoi is fascinated by a small trail which goes winding up the ; distant purple mountain.

Pick out the subject and predicate:

Question 1.
He extends his helping hand to his wife and children and to the society at large.
Answer:
He-subject
extends his helping hand to his wife and children and to the society at large-predicate

Question 2.
Use the word ‘share’ as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences:
Answer:
(i) The wicked brother wanted his share in the property, (noun)
(ii) The poor woman shared the loaf of bread with her children, (verb)

Writing Skills

Read the following lines. Imagine that it is the beginning of an instance you have experienced. Continue the write-up with your own ideas, in about 12-15 lines and complete the incident using your imagination. Give it a positive ending.
I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to ……………..
Answer:
I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter, Meera, was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to do something about it.

I knew that as a young girl, I could not go in and give them advice. It had to be done diplomatically. I decided to make a folder of stories of successful women who had scaled wonderful heights and were greatly respected. I also made a list of women entrepreneurs and their lives. It took me a long time to do this, but it also became my project at school and I got j guidance from my teacher and my mother.

They asked me to make a power-point presentation too, in addition to the folder. After about three months of hard work, my project was complete. One afternoon, when I knew that Meera’s mother would be alone at home, I took my presentation and my folder. Pretending that I wanted her opinion on my school project, I showed her the entire presentation.

My plan was successful. At the end of two anxious hours, Meera’s mother turned round and hugged me. “I get your message,” she said through her tears. “We have been unfair to Meera. We will rectify l it immediately. Thanks, dear.” I don’t know the marks I will get in ; school for my project, but according to me, it is already in the A+ category. It has made a positive impact. And that’s enough reward for me.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 12 Simple Machines Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 12 Simple Machines

Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Simple Machines Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Classify the following as a lever, a pulley and an inclined plane:
(A wedge, a needle, a staircase, a slide, the wheel of a flagpole, nutcrackers, scissors, an opener, an axe, a crane, a knife)

Question a.
Classify the following as a lever, a pulley and an inclined plane:
(A wedge, a needle, a staircase, a slide, the wheel of a flagpole, nutcrackers, scissors, an opener, an axe, a crane, a knife)
Answer:

Inclined plane	Pulley	Lever
Wedge	Wheel of flagpole	Nutcracker
Needle	Crane	Scissors
Staircase		Opener
Slide
Axe
Knife.

2. Fill in the blanks using the proper word and complete the statements.

Question a.
The ………….. in the centre, the ………….. on one side and the on the ………….. other side make a lever of the first order.
Answer:
Fulcrum, load and effort

Question b.
The ………….. in the centre, the ………….. on one side and the ………….. on the other side make a lever of the second order.
Answer:
Load, fulcrum, effort

Question c.
The ………….. in the centre, the ………….. on one side and the ………….. on the other side make a lever of the third order.
Answer:
Effort, fulcrum, load

3. Which machines will you use to do the following work? Write their types.

Question a.
To remove the lid of a tin. Opener Lever of the second order
Answer:

• Work: To remove the lid of a tin.
• Machine: Opener
• Machine: Lever of the second order

Question b.
To lift bricks to the top of a tall building Crane Complex machine
Answer:

• Work: To lift bricks to the top of a tall building
• Machine: Crane
• Machine: Complex machine

Question c.
To cut vegetable Knife Wedge – Simple machine
Answer:

• Work: To cut vegetable
• Machine: Knife
• Machine: Wedge – Simple machine

Question d.
To draw water from a well Pulley Simple machine
Answer:

• Work: To draw water from a well
• Machine: Pulley
• Machine: Simple machine

Question e.
To hold a papad for roasting it. A pair of tongs Lever of the third order
Answer:

• Work: To hold a papad for roasting it.
• Machine: A pair of tongs
• Machine: Lever of the third order

4. Write the answers to the following questions in your own words. 

Question a.
What is meant by a simple machine?
Answer:

1. Machines which have only one or two parts and a simple and easy structure are simple machines.
2. Example: the bottle opener, nail cutter.
3. Simple machines can be handled easily.
4. We use many simple machines in our day to day life.

Question b.
Mention the advantages of using a machine.
Answer:

1. Machines, simple or complex, are used to get more work done in less time and with less effort.
2. Machines are used to accomplish certain tasks more easily.
3. Use of simple or complex machines depends upon the task to be carried out and the time and the efforts required to do it.

Question c.
What is meant by a complex machine?
Answer:

1. Complex machines have many parts which carry out many processes for completing a task.
2. For this purpose the parts are joined to one another.
3. Therefore, these machines are called complex machines.
4. Some of the parts of such complex machines are actually simple machines.
5. The structure of complex machine is complicated.

Question d.
What is a lever? How is the order of the lever determined?
Answer:

1. Lever is a simple machine made up of 3 parts: Load, effort and fulcrum.
2. Order of the lever are determined on the position of the effort, the fulcrum and the load.

5. Why is this so?

Question a.
Traveller’s bags have wheels.
Answer:

1. Combination of wheel and axle is a simple machine.
2. When the axle starts rotating due to force applied, the wheel fitted to it also starts rotating.
3. This makes easier for travellers to carry heavy load.
4. Instead of lifting heavy bag, to drawing it on wheels require less energy. Therefore, traveller’s bag have wheels.

Question b.
Machines have to be maintained.
Answer:

1. Parts of machines rub against one another when they are used.
2. Soiled, dusty parts create more friction. Some parts are affected by the weather, rust and corrosion.
3. Machines get damaged or become useless due to such wear and tear. Hence to avoid this, machines should be maintained properly to keep them in good working condition.

Question c.
A bicycle is said to be a complex machine.
Answer:

1. Bicycle has a complicated structure.
2. Bicycle has many parts which carry out many processes for completing a task.
3. Many parts of bicycle such as pedals, wheels, axle, handle are actually simple machines.
4. The parts of a bicycle are joined to one another – making it a complex machine.

6. Name the levers mentioned in the following passage. Identify the fulcrum, load and effort of each and say which type of lever it is.

Ravi and Savita sit on a sea-saw in a garden. In the mean time, a gardener is trimming trees in the garden. He puts the leaves and other garbage in the wheelbarrow. Later, Ravi gets thirsty and he buys lemon sherbet. The sherbet seller cuts the lemon and squeezes it using a lemon squeezer. He puts small pieces of ice in the glass with the help of the tongs.

Question a.
Name the levers mentioned in the following passage. Identify the fulcrum, load and effort of each and say which type of lever it is.

Ravi and Savita sit on a sea-saw in a garden. In the mean time, a gardener is trimming trees in the garden. He puts the leaves and other garbage in the wheelbarrow. Later, Ravi gets thirsty and he buys lemon sherbet. The sherbet seller cuts the lemon and squeezes it using a lemon squeezer. He puts small pieces of ice in the glass with the help of the tongs.
Answer:
Levers:

1. See – saw – lever of the first order.
   Load – fulcrum – effort.
2. Wheelbarrow – lever of the second order.
   Fulcrum – load – effort.
3. Lemon squeezers – lever of the second order.
   Fulcrum – load – effort.
4. Tongs – lever of the third order.
   Fulcrum – effort – load.

Activity:

Question 1.
Make a list of the various machines used in your home and neighborhood and write their types.

Question 2.
Go to a bicycle repair shop, observe how a bicycle is repaired, and note down the information.

Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Simple Machines Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Simple machines can be handled ………….. .
Answer:
easily

Question 2.
The structure of complex machine is ………….. .
Answer:
complicated

Question 3.
The more gradual the the ………….. lesser is the we bear. But, such an inclined plane is ………….. .
Answer:
slope, weight, longer

Question 4.
The steeper the ………….. , the ………….. is the inclined plane. But we have to bear a …………. weight.
Answer:
slope, shorter, greater

Question 5.
A screw is like a rolled up inclined plane made of an ………….. strip.
Answer:
iron

Question 6.
A wedge is used for ………… an object into two pieces or to ………….. the objects stuck together.
Answer:
breaking, separate

Question 7.
A farmer uses a strong …………. to remove the big stone bogged down in the farm.
Answer:
crow-bar

Question 8.
A device with a grooved wheel and thread designed to lift weights is called a …………. .
Answer:
pulley

Question 9.
When we use a pulley, force is applied in the downward direction for lifting the weight in an …………. direction.
Answer:
upward

Question 10.
Combination of an axle and a wheel is a …………. machine.
Answer:
simple

Question 11.
A needle and a nail are also kind of …………. .
Answer:
wedge

Question 12.
Machines are covered when not in use to prevent …………. settling on them.
Answer:
dust

Question 13.
In Archimedes’ screw, the pipe was placed at an angle of …………. with one end inside the …………. and the rod resting on a …………. .
Answer:
45°, water, flat surface.

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Pair of Scissors	a. Third order of lever
2. Tongs	b. Second order of lever
3. Opener	c. First order of lever

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Pair of Scissors	c. First order of lever
2. Tongs	a. Third order of lever
3. Opener	b. Second order of lever

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Inclined plane	a. Needle
2. Pulley	b. Screw
3. Wedge	c. Crane

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Inclined plane	b. Screw
2. Pulley	c. Crane
3. Wedge	a. Needle

State whether the following statements are ‘true’ or ‘false’.

Question 1.
Lever helps big vehicle to climb up and down the mountain easily.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Combination of wheel and axle is a simple machine.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
In pulley, force can be applied in upward direction.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Screw is an example of wedge.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
In Archimedes screw, the rod rests on flat surface.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
A slanting plank is used to lift a weight.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
A winding road or ghat is an example of lever of first order.
Answer:
False

Answer the following questions in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is a machine?
Answer:
Devices which are used to get more work done in less time and less effort are called machines.

Question 2.
What is a simple machine?
Answer:
Machines which have only one or two parts and a simple and easy structure are called simple machines.

Question 3.
What is a complex machine?
Answer:
Some machines have many parts and they carry out many processes for completing a task. For this purpose, the parts are joined to each other. They are called complex machines.

Question 4.
List the properties of simple machines.
Answer:
Properties of simple machine are:

1. They are made up of only one or two parts.
2. They have a simple and easy structure.
3. They can be handled easily.
4. There are less chances of simple machines breaking down or getting damaged.

Question 5.
List properties of complex machines.
Answer:
Properties of complex machine are:

1. These machines have many parts to carry out many processes.
2. The parts are joined to one another.
3. The structure of complex machines is complicated.
4. Some parts of complex machines are actually simple machines.

Question 6.
What is an inclined plane?
Answer:
A slanting plank which is used to lift a weight on which we bear less weight and lifting becomes easier is an inclined plane.

Question 7.
What is a screw?
Answer:
A screw is like a rolled up inclined plane made up of iron strip.

Question 8.
What is a wedge?
Answer:
A wedge is used for breaking an object into two pieces or to separate objects stuck together.

Question 9.
State examples of wedges.
Answer:
An axle, a knife, a chisel, a needle and a nail are different kinds of wedges.

Question 10.
What is a lever?
Answer:
A lever is a machine made up of 3 parts: effort, load and fulcrum.

Question 11.
What is a fulcrum?
Answer:
The support at which the rod of a lever is rested is called fulcrum of a lever. The lever rotates about the fulcrum.

Question 12.
What is a load?
Answer:
The weight lifted by a lever or the force against which the lever acts is called a load.

Question 13.
What is a load arm?
Answer:
The arm of the lever from the fulcrum to the load is called a load arm.

Question 14.
What is an effort?
Answer:
The force applied on the other end of the rod to lift the load is called an effort.

Question 15.
What is an effort arm?
Answer:
The part of the lever from the fulcrum to the effort is called an effort arm.

Question 16.
What is lever of the first order?
Answer:
The fulcrum is in the centre, the load is at one end while effort is at other end.

Question 17.
What is lever of the second order?
Answer:
The load is in the centre, the fulcrum on one side, and the effort on the other side.

Question 18.
What is lever of the third order?
Answer:
The effort is in the centre, the fulcrum on one side, and the load on the other side.

Question 19.
What is a pulley?
Answer:
A pulley is a device with a grooved wheel and thread designed to lift weights.

Question 2.
How does a pulley help us?
Answer:
If we use a pulley, force can be applied in the downward direction for lifting the weight in an upward direction. It is convenient and easy.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
We use many simple machines in our day-to-day life.
Answer:
Simple machines can be handled easily and there are less chances of these machines breaking down or getting damaged. Hence, we use many simple machines in our day-to-day life.

Question 2.
Less force is required to fit a screw than to hammer a nail.
Answer:

1. A screw is like a rolled-up inclined plane of an iron strip.
2. When a screw is fitted in wood it goes in as if it is going down an inclined plane.
3. Therefore, less force is required to fit a screw than hammer a nail.

Question 3.
Big vehicles easily climb up and down the mountains than a pathway.
Answer:
A winding road or ghat that goes up a mountain is like an inclined plane wrapped around the mountain. It helps big vehicles to climb, up and down the mountain easily.

Question 4.
Oil or lubricant is released between parts of machine.
Answer:
Oil or lubricant is released between parts that rub against each other so that there is less friction between them and wearing is reduced.

Question 5.
Machines are covered when not in use.
Answer:
Machines are covered when not in use to prevent dust settling on them.

Question 6.
How are machines protected from the effect of weather?
Answer:
To prevent the effect of weather, metallic parts in a machine are painted externally and the machines are always kept dry.

Draw the neat and labelled diagram of following:

Question 1.
The screw as an inclined plane.
Answer:

Question 2.
Archimedes’ screw
Answer:

Observe the following diagram and identify the order of lever.

Question 1.
Removing the lid.
Answer:

Question 2.
Picking up an object.
Answer:

Question 3.
Lifting a paper weight.

Answer:

1. Lever of the second order
2. lever of third order
3. Level of first order.

Answer each of the question in brief:

Question 1.
With the help of the diagram explain lever of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd order.
Answer:
1. Lever of the First order: The fulcrum is in the centre, the load is at one end, while the effort is at the other end. e.g. scissors

2. Lever of the Second order: The load is in the centre, the fulcrum on one side, and the effort on the other side. e.g. lid opener

3. Lever of the Third order: The effort is in the centre, the fulcrum on one side, and the load on the other side. e.g. Tongs

Question 2.
How can machines be maintained?
Answer:

1. To maintain machines, all its parts are wiped clean.
2. Oil or lubricant is released between parts that rub against each other.
3. Machines are covered, painted externally and always kept dry.

Question 3.
What is an inclined plane? Explain longer and shorter inclined plane.
Answer:

1. A slanting plank used to lift a weight, is called an inclined plane. Because of inclined plane we will experience less weight and weight lifting become easier.
2. Longer inclined plane: When the inclined plane is longer, the slope is more gradual and lesser is the weight we bear.
3. Shorter inclined plane: When the inclined plane is shorter, the slope is steeper and greater is the weight we bear.

Question 6.
Explain the working of a giant wheel.
Answer:

1. The giant wheel is fitted to a rod at its centre. This rod is called an axle.
2. When the axle starts rotating with the help of electricity the wheel fitted to it starts rotating.
3. This combination of an axle and a wheel is a simple machine.

Observe and discuss:

Question 1.
Name the devices and discuss how they help.

Answer:

1. Needle and thread – Stitching of clothes
2. Wheelbarrow – To carry materials.
3. Opener – To open the lids of bottles.
4. Pulley – To lift bucket
5. Nail cutter – To cut nails
6. Axe – To cut wood into small pieces

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Observe the machines shown in the following pictures. For what purposes are they used? Can you name some other machines of this kind?

Answer:

1. Mixer grinder – To grind the foodstuffs
2. Scooter – To ride and reach places
3. Bicycle – To ride and reach places
4. Sewing machine – To stitch clothes
5. Wheel chair – Specially designed for handicapped patients to move around.

Question 2.
Compare the pathway and a road, available to climb the mountain, the time and strength and your convenience, required to reach the mountain top.
Answer:
We can reach the mountain top by climbing the pathway early than by the road. The time required is less but the strength required is more. The road is easy to walk and more time consuming.

Question 3.
If the point of a needle or the edge of a knife become blunt, then the needle does not penetrate the cloth and the knife does not cut into the fruit. Why is this so?
Answer:
The tip of the needle or the edge of a knife becomes blunt due to regular use. Both the knife and the needle lose their sharpness.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which task can be done using a lever?
Answer:
Task such as using a nut cracker, cutting paper with scissors, can be done using a lever.

Question 2.
Some machines we use in our day to day life are shown in picture. What is the type in each of these?

Answer:

• Wheelbarrow – Lever of the third order
• Pair of tongs – Lever of the first order
• See – saw – Lever of the first
• order Cutter – Lever of the second lever
• Pair of Scissors – Lever of the first order.

Question 3.
When the pedal of the bicycle is rotating, the wheel starts rotating. How does this happen?
Answer:
Pedals of the bicycle are connected to the wheels through the axle, when the axle starts rotating, the wheels also start rotating.

Question 4.
Examples of pulley.
Answer:

1. A simple pulley is used to hoist a flag, to draw water from a well.
2. The crane which is used to lift heavy loads is an example of application of pulleys and levers working together.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Sound Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks with the proper words.

Question a.
The propagation of sound does not occur through a ………….. .
Answer:
vacuum

Question b.
Noise pollution is a …………… issue.
Answer:
social/serious

Question c.
The sound which is disagreeable to our ears is called …………… .
Answer:
noise

Question d.
Noise has adverse effects on our …………….. .
Answer:
health

2. What should we do?

Question a.
The silencer of a motorcycle is broken.
Answer:

1. If the silencer of a motorcycle is broken, vehicle should be immediately taken to the garage for repair.
2. If silencer is not maintained properly, it will continue making loud noise on the road while in motion, resulting in increasing noise pollution.

Question b.
A factory in the surrounding is producing continuous loud noise.
Answer:
Factories should be located at a proper distance away from residential areas. Authorities should be contacted who will control the decibel level.

3. Write the answers in your own words.

Question a.
What is meant by vibration?
Answer:
Vibration of an object is necessary for the production of sound. As long as the object vibrates, the sound is heard. When the vibration stops, the sound also stops.

Question b.
Explain with the help of practical examples how sound is propagated through solids.

Answer:

1. Singing
2. Chirping of birds
3. Bursting of crackers
4. Whispering
5. Whistling
6. Flute
7. Honking
8. Dog barking

Question c.
What is meant by noise pollution?
Answer:
Continuous noise which has ill effects is called noise pollution.

Question d.
What measures will you take to control noise pollution?
Answer:
Measures for preventing noise pollution:

1. As far as possible, we should avoid blowing horns.
2. The volume of the TV or radio in the house should be restricted to those watching the programmes.
3. Vehicles should be maintained properly to reduce the unnecessary sounds they produce.
4. Factories, airports, railway stations and bus stands should be located at the proper distance away from residential area.
5. Planting of trees helps reduce noise as trees act as a natural barrier.

4. Complete the table.

Question a.

Answer:

Nature of sound	Unpleasant	Pleasant
1. Speaking		✓
2. Whispering		✓
3. Aeroplane Sounds	✓
4. Horns of Vehicles	✓
5. Railway Engine	✓
6. Rustling of leaves		✓
7. Neighing of a horse	✓
8. Ticking of a clock		✓

Project:

Question 1.
Prepare a list of the harsh sounds mheard near your house. Write about those sounds which produce noise pollution.

Question 2.
Collect information about places where loud noise is prohibited and discuss why it is so.

Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Sound Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Some sounds are ……………… and are heard easily.
Answer:
loud

Question 2.
Some sounds are very ……………… and cannot be heard unless we listen attentively.
Answer:
soft

Question 3.
As long as the object ……………… the sound is heard.
Answer:
vibrates

Question 4.
When the vibration ……………… the sound also stops.
Answer:
stops

Question 5.
The intensity of sound is measured in a unit called ……………… .
Answer:
decibels(dB)

Question 6.
The voice box is located in our ……………… .
Answer:
throat

Question 7.
Sound travels in the form of ……………… through air, water and ……………. .
Answer:
waves, solids

Question 8.
The sound is propagated more clearly through a ……………… than through air.
Answer:
solid

Question 9.
Transmission of sound occurs at a different ……………… through different mediums.
Answer:
speed

Question 10.
Continuous noise which may have ill effects, is called noise ……………… .
Answer:
pollution

Question 11.
Some of the sounds that we enjoy can be a ……………… for others.
Answer:
nuisance

Question 12.
The vibration of an object is necessary for the ……………… of sound.
Answer:
production

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
List characteristics of sound.
Answer:
Sounds are soft, loud, pleasant and unpleasant.

Question 2.
What do you mean by unpleasant sounds?
Answer:
The sounds by which we get annoyed are called unpleasant sounds.

Question 3.
What do you mean by loud and soft sounds?
Answer:
The sounds which are heard easily, are loud sounds and the sounds which cannot be heard unless we listen attentively, are soft sounds.

Question 4.
Which movement is exhibited by diaphragm of a speaker and a tabla?
Answer:
Diaphragm of a speaker and a tabla exhibit rapid oscillatory motion which gives rise to vibrations.

Question 6.
What is source of the sound?
Answer:
The object due to which sound is produced is called the source of the sound.

Question 7.
What is acoustics?
Answer:
The science of sound, resonance, production, propagation and effects of sound is called acoustics.

Question 8.
What produces sound in living beings?
Answer:
The vibration of the vocal chords in our larynx or voice box produces sound.

Question 9.
On what does quality of sound depend?
Answer:
Quality of sound produced in the larynx depends upon the tautness of the vocal chords.

Question 10.
How is sound propagated?
Answer:
The sound is propagated in the form of waves through air, water or through a solid.

Question 11.
Why is sound heard more clearly through solids?
Answer:
Transmission of sound occurs at a different speed through different mediums. Transmission of sound is faster through a solid than through a liquid and gas.

Question 12.
What is noise?
Answer:
A loud sound is harsh to ears. Such sounds produce noise.

Question 13.
List the effects of very loud or continuous noise on the people.
Answer:

1. Very loud or continuous noise can cause hearing impairment.
2. This can even lead to deafness.
3. It also causes restlessness, irritability and mental exhaustion.

Question 14.
What is noise pollution?
Answer:
Continuous noise which has ill effects is called noise pollution.

Question 15.
How can we prevent noise pollution with respect to watching TV?
Answer:
The volume of the TV or radio in the house should be restricted to those watching the programmes.

Explain the terms.

Question 1.
Propagation of sound:
Answer:
Sound is said to be propagated when sound waves spread in all directions from a source of sound.

Question 2.
Medium of propagation of sound:
Answer:
The substance around a source of sound through which sound waves spread is called the medium of propagation of sound.

Question 3.
Which sounds do you hear during the recess in the school?
Answer:
During the recess in the school, we hear.

1. laughing
2. students running
3. talking loudly
4. ringing of the bell
5. stamping on the staircase
6. shouting

Question 4.
When there is silence in the classroom, close your eyes and sit quietly. Which sounds in your surroundings can you hear now?
Answer:

1. Loud: Laughing, running, talking, horn of cars, marriage procession, school band, teacher’s voice in next classroom.
2. Pleasant: P.T. teacher’s whistle, chirping of birds.
3. Unpleasant: Shouting, bell ringing, stamping on staircase, dog barking, horns of vehicles.

Question 5.
When a song is being played on a radio or a music system in the house, place your hand on its speaker. What do you feel? Put off the music. What do you feel now?
Answer:

1. When a hand is placed on the speakers of the music system, we feel vibrations on the hand.
2. When music is put off, we don’t feel any vibrations on the hand.

Question 6.
When a metal dish falls on the floor; it makes a loud noise. What do we do to stop the noise? What is the effect of that action?
Answer:
To stop the noise of metal dish falling on the floor, quickly put hand on the dish. Vibrations of the metal dish are stopped and the noise stops.

Question 7.
What is it that vibrates when the sounds of sitar, bell, water tap, and breaking of a saucer, etc. are produced?
Answer:
Strings of the sitar, tongs of the bell, water drops hitting the floor of the basin, pieces of saucers that hit the ground vibrate to produce the sounds.

Question 8.
Take a pot full of water. Strike it lightly on the rim. What do you see? Why are waves formed on the water in the pot?
Answer:

1. We see ripples on the water.
2. When we strike the rim of the pot, our striking causes vibrations. These vibrations are transferred or moved from the pot to the water. Hence, water waves/ripples are seen on the water in the pot.

Question 9.
On rubbing balloon filled with water and another filled with air, of which balloon do we hear a clear or sound?
Answer:
We hear a clearer sound of the water balloon.

Question 10.
If a bell is rung in a vacuum container, will its sound be heard outside?
Answer:
Its sound will not be heard outside.

Observe and Discuss.

Observe the figure and answer the questions.

Question 1.
Which of these sounds is pleasant?
Answer:
The singing of the girl is a pleasant sound.

Question 2.
Which sound is a nuisance to people?
Answer:

1. Boy shouting/screaming.
2. Boy moving/ walking with a toy rattle.

Observe the figure and answer the following.

Question 1.
Make a list of all sounds implied in the picture.

Answer:

1. Chirping of bird outside the house on the tree.
2. Collision of two vehicles – honking of the vehicles.
3. Baby crying.
4. Father talking on the phone.
5. Brother playing in the house – jumping.
6. Sister playing the drum – hitting the drum.
7. Sound of TV.
8. Dog barking.
9. Mother talking to the neighbour.

Question 2.
How would this atmosphere affect a person who is not feeling well?
Answer:
This atmosphere is not convenient for a patient who is ill. He cannot take rest.

Question 3.
Would you be able to study in these conditions?
Answer:
No, students cannot study in this condition. They cannot concentrate on their study.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 14 Light and the Formation of Shadows Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 14 Light and the Formation of Shadows

Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Light and the Formation of Shadows Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose an appropriate word and fill in the blanks.

Question a.
A ……………. is a natural source of light.
Answer:
star

Question b.
A ………….. is an artificial source of light.
Answer:
candle

Question c.
When light passes through a prism, it gets separated into ………….. colours.
Answer:
seven

Question d.
The image obtained in the pinhole camera is …………. .
Answer:
inverted

Question e.
A shadow is formed when an …………… object comes in the way of light.
Answer:
opaque

Question f.
When a ………….. object comes in the way of light, light passes …………… it. options : seven, star, through, transparent, opaque, colors, shape, erect, inverted, luminous, candle.
Answer:
transparent, through

2. Write whether the following objects are luminous or non-luminous.

Question a.

Answer:

Object	Luminous /Non-luminous
A book	Non-luminous
A burning candle	Luminous
A wax cloth	Non-luminous
A pencil	Non-luminous
A pen	Non-luminous
A light bulb	Luminous
A tyre	Non-luminous
A torch	Luminous
Stars	Luminous
The planets	Non-luminous
A satellite	Non-luminous
The Moon	Non-luminous

3. Match the following.

Question a.

Natural sources of light	Man-made sources of light
The Sun	Tubelight
Stars in the night sky	Light bulb
Fireflies	Torch
Anglerfish	Burning candle
Honey mushroom	Oil lamps

Answer:

Transparent	Opaque	Translucent
Piece of glass Water	White plastic Tea kettle Note book Cloth Wooden cupboard	Tinted glass Oil paper Sheet of notebook Wax paper

4. Write the answers to the following.

Question a.
What things are necessary for the formation of a shadow?
Answer:
Things necessary for the formation of a shadow are:

1. A source of light
2. An object
3. A surface or screen on which the shadow is formed

Question b.
When can an object be seen?
Answer:
We can see an object when reflected rays reach our eyes.

Question c.
What is a shadow?
Answer:

1. If an opaque object comes in the way of a light source, light does not pass through it.
2. As a result the light does not reach a wall or any other surface on the other side of the object.
3. That part remains dark. This dark part is called the shadow of the object.

Project:

Question 1.
Prepare a Newton’s disc.

Question 2.
Find out how to save electricity with the help of the sunlight we receive during the day.

Question 3.
Read a biography of Sir C. V. Raman and find out about the discoveries he made.

Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Light and the Formation of Shadows Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
The ……………. is the main natural source of light.
Answer:
Sun

Question 2.
The light emitted by an electric torch is more …………….. than that obtained from a candle.
Answer:
intense

Question 3.
The left and right sides of the original object appear to be …………….. in the mirror.
Answer:
exchanged

Question 4.
The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in ……………… of it.
Answer:
front

Question 5.
The …………….. of the image is the same as that of the object.
Answer:
height

Question 6.
The materials through which light passes is said to be …………… .
Answer:
transparent

Question 7.
The materials through which light does not pass is said to be ………….. .
Answer:
opaque

Question 8.
The materials through which light passes partially is said to be ………….. .
Answer:
translucent

Question 9.
If an ………….. object comes in the way of a light source, light does not pass it.
Answer:
opaque, through

Question 10.
The shadow of an object formed due to sunlight is ………….. in the mornings and evenings and ……………. in the afternoon.
Answer:
long, short

Question 11.
The shadow of an object is formed only when ………….. does not pass through the object.
Answer:
light

Question 12.
Stars are ………….. .
Answer:
luminous

Question 13.
Planets, satellites are ………….. .
Answer:
non-luminous

Question 14.
The largest sundial is at ………….., New Delhi.
Answer:
Jantar Mantar

Question 15.
………….. is celebrated as National Science Day.
Answer:
28th February

Question 16.
Light travels in a straight line. This is called ………….. .
Answer:
linear propagation of light

Question 17.
The image formed on the diaphragm of the pinhole camera is ………….. .
Answer:
inverted

Question 18.
The kind of shadow an object forms depends upon the ………….. between the ………….., the object and the ………….. or the ………….. on which the shadow is formed.
Answer:
relative distance, source of light, surface, screen

State whether following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
Light travels in a straight line.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Stars are luminous.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Image in a pinhole camera is inverted.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
In the afternoon, shadows are long.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Fireflies are a natural source of light.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
We see the candle clearly when we bend the tube.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
We can see our image clearly in running water.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
Tracing paper is transparent.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
The light obtained from an electric torch is more intense than that obtained from a candle.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
28tn February is celebrated as “National Science day” since 1987 in India.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
Classify the following into natural and man-made/artificial sources of light. (tubelight, light bulb, torch, burning candle, the sun, fireflies, anglerfish, honey mushroom, stars in the night sky, oil lamps, lanterns)
Answer:

Natural sources of light	Man-made sources of light
The Sun Stars in the night sky Fireflies Anglerfish Honey mushroom	Tubelight Light bulb Torch Burning candle Oil lamps Lanterns

Question 12.
Identify the transparent, opaque and translucent objects from among the following. (piece of glass, wax paper, tinted glass, oil paper, white plastic, a tea kettle, a notebook, cloth, water, a wooden cupboard, sheet of notebook.)
Answer:

Transparent	Opaque	Translucent
Piece of glass Water	White plastic Tea kettle Notebook Cloth Wooden cupboard	Tinted glass Oil-paper Sheet of notebook Wax paper

Question 13.
Classify the following into the type of images they form: Clear image, faint image, no image. (still clear water, cemented wall, wooden surface, new steel dish, flower, glossy granite cladding of a wall, mirror, butter paper).
Answer:

Clear Image	Faint Image	No Image
Still clear water, New steel dish, Glossy granite cladding of a wall, Mirror	Butter paper	Wooden surface Flower Cemented wall

Question 14.
Relate images formed with the surfaces.
Answer:

1. The clear images are formed on plane surfaces.
2. Faint or no images are formed on rough surfaces.

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What are luminous objects?
Answer:
The objects which emit light i.e. which themselves are a source of light, are called luminous objects.

Question 2.
What determines the intensity of light?
Answer:
The intensity of light is determined by the extent to which the objects emit light.

Question 3.
What are non-luminous objects?
Answer:
The objects that are not sources of light themselves are called as non-luminous objects.

Question 4.
What are artificial sources of light?
Answer:
Man-made objects which emit light are artificial sources of light.

Question 5.
What are natural sources of light?
Answer:
Natural substances, materials which emit light are called natural sources of light.

Question 6.
What is linear propagation of light?
Answer:
Property of light travelling in a straight line is linear propagation of light.

Question 7.
What is reflection of light?
Answer:
The rays of light falling on an object from a source of light are thrown back from the substance of that object. This is reflection of light.

Question 8.
How do we see objects around us?
Answer:
The rays of light falling on an object from a source of light are thrown back from the surface of that object. This is called reflection of light. We see the object when the reflected rays reach our eyes.

Question 9.
What is moonlight?
Answer:
Sunlight reflected from the surface of the moon reaching us, in which we see the moon is called the moonlight.

Question 10.
What type of image is formed in the mirror?
Answer:
The image formed in the mirror is ‘laterally inverted’ i.e. right side appears as left side and left side appears as right side.

Question 11.
What change do you see in the image if you decrease or increase your distance from the mirror?
Answer:
When the distance between object and mirror is increased the size of image decreases where as, when the distance is decreased the image size increases.

Question 12.
What difference do you find in the height of the image in the mirror and yourself?
Answer:
The size of the image in the mirror is the same as that of the object.

Question 13.
What is the image on the diaphragm of the pinhole camera?
Answer:
An inverted or an upside down image of the candle is seen on the diaphragm of the pinhole camera.

Question 14.
What do you mean by transparent object?
Answer:
The objects / materials through which light passes are said to be transparent.

Question 15.
What do you mean by opaque materials?
Answer:
The materials through which light does not pass are said to be opaque.

Question 16.
What do you mean by translucent materials?
Answer:
The materials through which light passes partially are said to be translucent.

Question 17.
How is the shadow in the morning, afternoon and evening?
Answer:
The shadows are long in the mornings and evenings and short in the afternoon.

Question 18.
What is shade of a tree?
Answer:
The shade of a tree is its shadow.

Question 19.
How many colours is sunlight made up of?
Answer:
Sunlight is made up of seven colours.

Give reasons for the following.

Question 1.
When we see in the mirror, we see our image in the mirror.
Answer:
When we see our face in the mirror, the light reflected from our face falls on the mirror and gets reflected back again. Hence, we see our image in the mirror.

Question 2.
Opaque materials cast shadow.
Answer:
An opaque material does not allow light to pass. Hence, it casts a shadow.

Question 3.
Transparent and translucent object do not cast a shadow.
Answer:
Translucent objects cast a faint shadow whereas transparent objects do not cast a shadow at all because they allow light to pass through them.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Why is the image on the diaphragm of the pinhole camera inverted?
Answer:
1. The pinhole camera works on the principle of light travelling in a straight line.
2. The rays of light from the candle flame go in all directions.
3. We consider only two rays that pass through the hole and fall on the screen.

4. The rays intersect at the pinhole.
5. Since the rays cross over at that point, the top of the object appears at the bottom of the image and the bottom of the image appears at the top. Thus, we see an inverted image of the candle.

Question 2.
How will you light up a dark room using reflected light?
Answer:
Focusing on the wall with torch light. Mirrors or reflectors can be used to get light from outside.

Question 3.
Try to start the TV by operating the remote control from behind it.
Answer:
T.V will not start.

Question 4.
In which step is the flame of the candle seenclearly? Why?

Answer:
In step 1 the flame of the candle is seen clearly because light travels in straight line.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Can we see anything in total darkness?
Answer:
No, we cannot see anything in total darkness.

Question 2.
What helps us to see the objects around us?
Answer:
Reflected light helps us to see objects around us.

Question 3.
What does the light in each one of the pictures originate form?
Answer:

1. Bulb
2. Firefly
3. Candle
4. Sun

Question 4.
Name the natural sources of light.
Answer:
Sun, Fireflies

Question 5.
In which objects do we see our reflection?
Answer:
All objects reflect light rays, but the best reflectors of light are mirrors, still water in a lake, new steel dish i.e. smooth shiny surfaces.

Question 6.
What difference do you notice on looking through the windows in the picture? What causes the difference? The picture shows transperant, opaque, translucent window panes. Spot them.

Answer:

1. Through the first window we can see a clear picture of things outside.
2. Second window gives a faint image.
3. Through the third window, we can’t see anything
4. The difference in the image is due to the material of the window panes.
5. The first window pane is transparent.
6. The second window pane is translucent.
7. The third window pane is opaque.

Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
List factors on which shadow depends.
Answer:
Shadow depends on relative distance between the source of light, the object and the surface on which the shadow is formed.

Question 2.
How we can see that light travels in straight line.
Answer:

1. In the morning or in the afternoon, rays of light enter a slit in a door, window or a small hole in the roof.
2. As these rays of light from the slit or the hole move towards the floor, the dust particles in their way are clearly seen.
3. Due to these particles, the path of light becomes visible to us.
4. Thus we can see that their path is along straight lines.

Question 3.
What is the difference between an object and its reflection? What causes the difference?
Answer:

1. Object and its reflection result in formation of images.
2. Reflections taking place from highly polished metals, mirrors, still water etc, form clear images.
3. Reflections taking place from wooden surface, flower, book form dull, blurred images.
4. The difference in reflections is caused by the surface of the object.
5. Regular reflections have smooth, polished surfaces, hence, image is clear.
6. Diffused reflections have hard, rough surfaces, hence, image is dull.

Question 4.
List characteristics of images in a plane mirror.
Answer:

1. The left and right sides of the original object appear to be exchanged in the mirror image.
2. The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.
3. The size of the image is the same as that of the object.

Question 8.
State the characteristics of image formed by a pinhole camera.
Answer:
Characteristics of an image formed by a pinhole camera are as follows:

1. It is inverted/upside down.
2. It can be obtained on a screen – real image.

Try this.

Question 1.
Make your friend stand in between the torch and the wall. What happens?
Answer:
Friend’s Shadow forms on the wall.

Question 2.
Place a glass filled with water on a sheet of paper in the window so it receives direct sunlight. What is seen on the paper?
Answer:
We see rainbow colours on the paper.

Question 3.
Can we do the same in a dark room with the help of a prism and a torch? What do we learn from this?
Answer:
yes, we can. Light gets seperated into seven colour. From this we learn that white light contains seven colours.

Question 4.
If you dip the wire loop in the soap water and then blow it, soap bubbles are formed. Are the beautiful colours of the rainbow seen in these bubbles?
Answer:
Yes, splitting of white light into different colours takes place.

Question 5.
What do you see on holding a CD in the sun?
Answer:
CD reflects rainbow colours, and interesting : patterns.

Question 6.
Raise your right hand. In mirror which hand of the mirror image is raised?
Answer:
Left hand of the mirror image is raised.

Question 7.
Is there any difference between your height and height of the mirror image?
Answer:
The height remains the same.