# Maharashtra Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Methods of Induction and Binomial Theorem Miscellaneous Exercise 4

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 11th Maths Book Solutions Pdf Chapter 4 Methods of Induction and Binomial Theorem Miscellaneous Exercise 4 Questions and Answers.

## Maharashtra State Board 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Methods of Induction and Binomial Theorem Miscellaneous Exercise 4

(I) Select the correct answers from the given alternatives.

Question 1.
The total number of terms in the expression of (x + y)100 + (x – y)100 after simplification is:
(A) 50
(B) 51
(C) 100
(D) 202
(B) 51
Hint:

Question 2.
The middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n will be:
(A) (n – 1)th
(B) nth
(C) (n + 1)th
(D) (n + 2)th
(C) (n + 1)th
Hint:
(1 + x)2n has (2n + 1) terms.
∴ (n + 1 )th term is the middle term.

Question 3.
In the expansion of (x2 – 2x)10, the coefficient of x16 is
(A) -1680
(B) 1680
(C) 3360
(D) 6720
(C) 3360
Hint:
(x2 – 2x)10 = x10 (x – 2)10
To get the coefficient of x16 in (x2 – 2x)10,
we need to check coefficient of x6 in (x – 2)10
∴ Required coefficient = 10C6 (-2)4
= 210 × 16
= 3360

Question 4.
The term not containing x in expansion of $$(1-x)^{2}\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{10}$$ is
(A) 11C5
(B) 10C5
(C) 10C4
(D) 10C7
(A) 11C5
Hint:

Question 5.
The number of terms in expansion of (4y + x)8 – (4y – x)8 is
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 9
(A) 4
Hint:

Question 6.
The value of 14C1 + 14C3 + 14C5 + …. + 14C11 is
(A) 214 – 1
(B) 214 – 14
(C) 212
(D) 213 – 14
(D) 213 – 14
Hint:

Question 7.
The value of 11C2 + 11C4 + 11C6 + 11C8 is equal to
(A) 210 – 1
(B) 210 – 11
(C) 210 + 12
(D) 210 – 12
(D) 210 – 12
Hint:

Question 8.
In the expansion of (3x + 2)4, the coefficient of the middle term is
(A) 36
(B) 54
(C) 81
(D) 216
(D) 216
Hint:
(3x + 2)4 has 5 terms.
∴ (3x + 2)4 has 3rd term as the middle term.
The coefficient of the middle term

= 6 × 9 × 4
= 216

Question 9.
The coefficient of the 8th term in the expansion of (1 + x)10 is:
(A) 7
(B) 120
(C) 10C8
(D) 210
(B) 120
Hint:
r = 7
t8 = 10C7 x7 = 10C3 x7
∴ Coefficient of 8th term = 10C3 = 120

Question 10.
If the coefficients of x2 and x3 in the expansion of (3 + ax)9 are the same, then the value of a is
(A) $$-\frac{7}{9}$$
(B) $$-\frac{9}{7}$$
(C) $$\frac{7}{9}$$
(D) $$\frac{9}{7}$$
(D) $$\frac{9}{7}$$
Hint:

Question 1.
Prove by the method of induction, for all n ∈ N.
(i) 8 + 17 + 26 + ….. + (9n – 1) = $$\frac{n}{2}$$ (9n + 7)
Solution:
Let P(n) ≡ 8 + 17 + 26 +…..+(9n – 1) = $$\frac{n}{2}$$ (9n + 7), for all n ∈ N.
Step I:
Put n = 1
L.H.S. = 8
R.H.S. = $$\frac{1}{2}$$ [9(1) + 7] = 8
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ P(n) is true for n = 1.

Step II:
Let us assume that P(n) is true for n = k.
∴ 8 + 17 + 26 +…..+ (9k – 1) = $$\frac{k}{2}$$ (9k + 7) ……(i)

Step III:
We have to prove that P(n) is true for n = k + 1,
i.e., 8 + 17 + 26 + …… + [9(k + 1) – 1]

∴ P(n) is true for n = k + 1.

Step IV:
From all the steps above, by the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈ N.
∴ 8 + 17 + 26 +…..+ (9n – 1) = $$\frac{n}{2}$$ (9n + 7) for all n ∈ N.

(ii) 12 + 42 + 72 + …… + (3n – 2)2 = $$\frac{n}{2}$$ (6n2 – 3n – 1)
Solution:
Let P(n) = 12 + 42 + 72 + ….. + (3n – 2)2 = $$\frac{n}{2}$$ (6n2 – 3n – 1), for all n ∈ N.
Step I:
Put n = 1
L.H.S.= 12 = 1
R.H.S.= $$\frac{1}{2}$$ [6(1)2 – 3(1) – 1] = 1
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ P(n) is true for n = 1.

Step II:
Let us assume that P(n) is true for n = k.
∴ 12 + 42 + 72 +…..+ (3k – 2)2 = $$\frac{k}{2}$$ (6k2 – 3k – 1) ……(i)

Step III:
We have to prove that P(n) is true for n = k + 1,
i.e., to prove that

∴ P(n) is true for n = k + 1.

Step IV:
From all the steps above, by the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈ N.
∴ 12 + 42 + 72 + … + (3n – 2)2 = $$\frac{n}{2}$$ (6n2 – 3n – 1) for all n ∈ N.

(iii) 2 + 3.2 + 4.22 + …… + (n + 1) 2n-1 = n . 2n
Solution:
Let P(n) ≡ 2 + 3.2 + 4.22 +…..+ (n + 1) 2n-1 = n.2n, for all n ∈ N.
Step I:
Put n = 1
L.H.S. = 2
R.H.S. = 1(21) = 2
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ P(n) is true for n = 1.

Step II:
Let us assume that P(n) is true for n = k.
∴ 2 + 3.2 + 4.22 + ….. + (k + 1) 2k-1 = k.2k …..(i)

Step III:
We have to prove that P(n) is true for n = k + 1,
i.e., to prove that
2 + 3.2 + 4.22 +….+ (k + 2) 2k = (k + 1) 2k+1

∴ P(n) is true for n = k + 1.

Step IV:
From all the steps above, by the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈ N.
∴ 2 + 3.2 + 4.22 +……+ (n + 1) 2n-1 = n.2n for all n ∈ N.

(iv) $$\frac{1}{3.4 .5}+\frac{2}{4.5 .6}+\frac{3}{5.6 .7}+\ldots+\frac{n}{(n+2)(n+3)(n+4)}$$ = $$\frac{n(n+1)}{6(n+3)(n+4)}$$
Solution:

Question 2.
Given that tn+1 = 5tn – 8, t1 = 3, prove by method of induction that tn = 5n-1 + 2.
Solution:
Let the statement P(n) has L.H.S. a recurrence relation tn+1 = 5tn – 8, t1 = 3
and R.H.S. a general statement tn = 5n-1 + 2.
Step I:
Put n = 1
L.H.S. = 3
R.H.S. = 51-1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ P(n) is true for n = 1.
Put n = 2
L.H.S = t2 = 5t1 – 8 = 5(3) – 8 = 7
R.H.S. = t2 = 52-1 + 2 = 5 + 2 = 7
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ P(n) is tme for n = 2.

Step II:
Let us assume that P(n) is true for n = k.
∴ tk+1 = 5tk – 8 and tk = 5k-1 + 2

Step III:
We have to prove that P(n) is true for n = k + 1,
i.e., to prove that
tk+1 = 5k+1-1 + 2 = 5k + 2
tk+1 = 5tk – 8 and tk = 5k-1 + 2 ……[From Step II]
∴ tk+1 = 5(5k-1 + 2) – 8 = 5k + 2
∴ P(n) is true for n = k + 1.

Step IV:
From all the steps above, by the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈ N.
∴ tn = 5n-1 + 2, for all n ∈ N.

Question 3.
Prove by method of induction
$$\left(\begin{array}{cc} 3 & -4 \\ 1 & -1 \end{array}\right)^{n}=\left(\begin{array}{cc} 2 n+1 & -4 n \\ n & -2 n+1 \end{array}\right)$$, ∀ n ∈ N.
Solution:

Step IV:
From all the steps above, by the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈ N.
∴ $$\left(\begin{array}{cc} 3 & -4 \\ 1 & -1 \end{array}\right)^{n}=\left(\begin{array}{cc} 2 n+1 & -4 n \\ n & -2 n+1 \end{array}\right)$$, ∀ n ∈ N.

Question 4.
Expand (3x2 + 2y)5
Solution:
Here, a = 3x2, b = 2y, n = 5.
Using binomial theorem,

Question 5.
Expand $$\left(\frac{2 x}{3}-\frac{3}{2 x}\right)^{4}$$
Solution:

Question 6.
Find third term in the expansion of $$\left(9 x^{2}-\frac{y^{3}}{6}\right)^{4}$$
Solution:

Question 7.
Find tenth term in the expansion of $$\left(2 x^{2}+\frac{1}{x}\right)^{12}$$
Solution:

Question 8.
Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of
(i) $$\left(\frac{2 a}{3}-\frac{3}{2 a}\right)^{6}$$
Solution:
Here, a = $$\frac{2 a}{3}$$, b = $$\frac{-3}{2 a}$$, n = 6.
Now, n is even.
∴ $$\frac{\mathrm{n}+2}{2}=\frac{6+2}{2}=4$$
∴ Middle term is t4, for which r = 3.

∴ The Middle term is -20.

(ii) $$\left(x-\frac{1}{2 y}\right)^{10}$$
Solution:
Here, a = x, b = $$-\frac{1}{2 y}$$, n = 10.
Now, n is even.
∴ $$\frac{\mathrm{n}+2}{2}=\frac{10+2}{2}=6$$
∴ Middle term is t6, for which r = 5

(iii) (x2 + 2y2)7
Solution:
Here, a = x2, b = 2y2, n = 7.
Now, n is odd.
∴ $$\frac{\mathrm{n}+1}{2}=\frac{7+1}{2}=4, \frac{\mathrm{n}+3}{2}=\frac{7+3}{2}=5$$
∴ Middle terms are t4 and t5, for which r = 3 and r = 4 respectively.

∴ Middle terms are 280x8y6 and 560x6y8.

(iv) $$\left(\frac{3 x^{2}}{2}-\frac{1}{3 x}\right)^{9}$$
Solution:

Question 9.
Find the coefficients of
(i) x6 in the expantion of $$\left(3 x^{2}-\frac{1}{3 x}\right)^{9}$$
Solution:

(ii) x60 in the expansion of $$\left(\frac{1}{x^{2}}+x^{4}\right)^{18}$$
Solution:

Question 10.
Find the constant term in the expansion of
(i) $$\left(\frac{4 x^{2}}{3}+\frac{3}{2 x}\right)^{9}$$
Solution:

(ii) $$\left(2 x^{2}-\frac{1}{x}\right)^{12}$$
Solution:

Question 11.
Prove by method of induction
(i) loga xn = n loga x, x > 0, n ∈ N
Solution:

(ii) 152n-1 + 1 is divisible by 16, for all n ∈ N.
Solution:
152n-1 + 1 is divisible by 16, if and only if (152n-1 + 1) is is a multiple of 16.
Let P(n) ≡ 152n-1 + 1 = 16m, where m ∈ N.

Step IV:
From all the steps above, by the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true for all n ∈ N.
∴ 152n-1 + 1 is divisible by 16, for all n ∈ N.

(iii) 52n – 22n is divisible by 3, for all n ∈ N.
Solution:

Question 12.
If the coefficient of x16 in the expansion of (x2 + ax)10 is 3360, find a.
Solution:

Question 13.
If the middle term in the expansion of $$\left(x+\frac{b}{x}\right)^{6}$$ is 160, find b.
Solution:

∴ 160 = $$\frac{6 \times 5 \times 4 \times 3 !}{3 \times 2 \times 1 \times 3 !} \times b^{3}$$
∴ 160 = 20b3
∴ 8 = b3
∴ b = 2

Question 14.
If the coefficients of x2 and x3 in theexpansion of (3 + kx)9 are equal, find k.
Solution:

Question 15.
If the constant term in the expansion of $$\left(x^{3}+\frac{\mathrm{k}}{x^{8}}\right)^{11}$$ is 1320, find k.
Solution:

Question 16.
Show that there is no term containing x6 in the expansion of $$\left(x^{2}-\frac{3}{x}\right)^{11}$$.
Solution:

Question 17.
Show that there is no constant term in the expansion of $$\left(2 x-\frac{x^{2}}{4}\right)^{9}$$
Solution:

Question 18.
State, first four terms in the expansion of $$\left(1-\frac{2 x}{3}\right)^{-1 / 2}$$
Solution:

Question 19.
State, first four terms in the expansion of $$(1-x)^{-1 / 4}$$.
Solution:

Question 20.
State, first three terms in the expansion of $$(5+4 x)^{-1 / 2}$$
Solution:

Question 21.
Using the binomial theorem, find the value of $$\sqrt[3]{995}$$ upto four places of decimals.
Solution:

Question 22.
Find approximate value of $$\frac{1}{4.08}$$ upto four places of decimals.
Solution:

Question 23.
Find the term independent of x in the expansion of (1 – x2) $$\left(x+\frac{2}{x}\right)^{6}$$.
Solution:

Question 24.
(a + bx) (1 – x)6 = 3 – 20x + cx2 + …, then find a, b, c.
Solution:

Question 25.
The 3rd term of (1 + x)n is 36x2. Find 5th term.
Solution:

Question 26.
Suppose (1 + kx)n = 1 – 12x + 60x2 – …… find k and n.
Solution: