Class 9

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

• Can you make tea?
• How do you make tea?
• What brand do you like?
• At home, who makes tea/coffee for everybody?
• Have you seen a tea-plantation?
• What was it like?

Write the names of as many beverages as you can within two minutes. What do the following beverages remind you of? Draw word webs to show your associations.

Question 1.
Write the names of as many beverages as you can within two minutes. What do the following beverages remind you of? Draw word webs to show your associations.

Answer:

English Workshop:

1. List all the names of Geographical places mentioned in the passage.

Question 1.
List all the names of Geographical places mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
Assam, China, Cambod, Darjiling, Nilgiris.

2. Make smaller words using the letters in the given words. (At least 5 words each)

Question 1.
Make smaller words using the letters in the given words. (At least 5 words each)

• actually
• refreshing
• immediately
• investigations
• meditation
• enjoyable
• loneliness
• friendship

Answer:

1. actually – act, all, tall, call, ally.
2. refreshing – fresh, refresh, ring, sing, fin.
3. immediately – dial, ate, die, mat, date.
4. investigation – invest, nation, station, nest, vest.
5. meditation – tan, edition, meat, edit.
6. enjoyable – enjoy, able, joy, enables, noble.
7. loneliness – lone, one, line, nine, less.
8. friendship – friend, ship, end, fried, find
9. powdered – pod, were, red, owe, power
10. hospitality – hospital, spit, pity, host, hit.

3. From the passage, copy correctly any three sentences that begin with ‘How’.

Question 1.
From the passage, copy correctly any three sentences that begin with ‘How’.

4. Find the meanings of the following from a good dictionary :

Question 1.
Find the meanings of the following from a good dictionary :

• infusion
• restorative
• inscriptions
• radicals
• connoisseurs

5. List the words related to
(a) agriculture
(b) chemistry from this passage.

Question 1.
List the words related to
(a) agriculture
(b) chemistry from this passage.

6. Complete the following sentences with the help of the passage:

Question 1.

Complete the following sentences with the help of the passage:
(a) Camellia sinensis is an evergreen plant that grows in
(b) The teas we buy are usually classified according to
(c) In many countries around the world, tea drinking is an
(d) Our body produces chemicals called
Answer:
(a) Camellia sinensis is an evergreen plant that grows in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
(b) The teas we buy are usually classified according to the size of their leaves.
(c) In many countries around the world, tea drinking is an
(d) Our body produces chemicals called

7. Prepare a flow chart to show the growth and journey of tea from the plantation to our homes. Use information from the lesson.

Question 1.
Prepare a flow chart to show the growth and journey of tea from the plantation to our homes. Use information from the lesson.

Answer:

Language  Study:

8. From the passage, find all the words or pairs of words that begin with ‘tea’.
Examples: teapot, tea plants.
When two words come together to form a new word, the new word is called a compound word. What words do you see in the following compounds – evergreen, blood pressure, every day?
Note that some compound words are written as one word (teapot), some with a hyphen between them (tea-making) and some as two separate words (tea club).

9. Sometimes the form of a verb in a sentence names the action but does not change according to tense, number or person. Such a form is known as a non-finite form or an ui1lnitii. An infinitive is used with or without ‘to’.
Examples: How did people first begin to drink tea? Can you name the beverage?
Underline the infinitive in the following sentences.
It was funny to read words that stood still.
Can I read the book?
They could help one another with the homework and talk about it.
To be or not to be – that is the question.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 1.4 The Story of Tea Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the sentences using the information given in the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The most popular beverage in the world is tea.
2. Tea plants require at least 100-125 cm of rainfall a year.
3. World’s famous tea estates are located on hill slopes.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences using the information given in the passage :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Most people agree that tea is a refreshing drink.
2. Emperor Shennong was called the father of Chinese agriculture and medicine.
3. Bodhidharma found that chewing tea leaves acted as a stimulant.
4. Tea got its distinctive flavour by its theanine as well as caffeine.

Question 3.
Write whether the following statements are True or False :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The first Indian tea was sent to England for public sale in 1823. – False
2. Tea became a fashionable and popular drink in Europe. – True
3. Our body produces chemicals called free radicals. – True
4. The word ‘chai’ is now sometimes used in English to refer to China tea. – False

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the information given in the passage :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. In many countries around the world, tea drinking is an important social occasion.
2. Tea ceremonies give people the time to relax and enjoy the taste and smell of tea.
3. For many people tea is a popular drink to have with friends.
4. Koreans still have tea ceremonies on the occasions of special birthdays and anniversaries.

Question 5.
Choose the correct alternatives and complete the following sentences :
(Answers are directly given.)
Question a.
In Russia, tea is made and served in ………….. .
(a) cups
(b) pots
(c) samovars
Answer:
(c) samovars

Question b.
In Japan, tea is made using ……………… .
(a) a bamboo whisk
(b) sugar
(c) green tea
Answer:
(a) a bamboo whisk

Question c.
In India, tea is served as a token of ……………….. .
(a) love
(b) hospitality
(c) affection
Answer:
(b) hospitality

Question d.
In China, tea is made in small ………………. teapots.
(a) clay
(b) metal
(c) glass
Answer:
(a) clay

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Which geographical conditions (features) are required for growing tea plants?
Answer:
Tea plants require tropical and sub-tropical climates. They need at least 100-125 cm of rainfall and acidic soils. They grow well on hill slopes at elevations of up to 1500 metres where they acquire a richer flavour at that height.

Question 2.
Why are tea plants pruned?
Answer:
The tea plants are pruned and kept at height of about three feet to make it possible for them to ; pluck the tea leaves easily.

Question 3.
How is tea the beverage made?
Answer:
Tea is made by brewing, that is by infusing tea leaves in boiling water.

Question 4.
Complete the web:
(Answer are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Who was Emperor Shennong? Why did he carry out further investigations about tea?
Answer:
Emperor Shennong was the father of Chinese agriculture and medicine. On drinking the boiled water of tea leaves, he was amazed by the rich flavour and the refreshing quality of the infusion he was so excited that he decided to carry out further investigation.

Question 6.
Arrange the following sentences in proper order of their occurrence :
1. Japanese priests studying under Buddhist teachers in China carried tea seeds and leaves to Japan.
2. Turkish traders began to bargain for tea on the border of Mongolia.
3. Bodhidharma, a Buddhist monk introduced tea among his disciples in China.
4. The Chinese Emperor Hui Tsung failed to notice that Mongolia had actually taken over his empire.
Answer:
3. Bodhidharma, a Buddhist monk introduced tea among his disciples in China.
1. Japanese priests studying under Buddhist teachers in China carried tea seeds and leaves to Japan.
2. Turkish traders began to bargain for tea on border of Mongolia.
4. The Chinese Emperor Hui Tsung failed to notice that Mongolia had actually taken over his empire.

Question 7.
Complete the web :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Guess the origin of the Marathi word ‘Chaim’:
Answer:
Instead of earlier word ‘t’u’ Chinese started using ‘ch’a’ to describe tea. The word ‘Ch’a’ was close to the Hindi word ‘chai’ and was used all over India. Then slightly changed word ‘chaha’ was used in Marathi. It was the combination of the words ‘ch’a’ and ‘chai’ in Marathi version.

Question 9.
Complete the following choosing information from the passage :
Answer:

Question 10.
How do Indians like to have their tea?
Answer:
Most Indians like to have their tea hot with a good deal of milk and sugar in it. In the rainy season, tea is brewed with ginger to give it additional medicinal properties. Some others add spices like cardamom, cloves or mace to add to its taste and flavour. They have their morning and evening tea after spicy snacks. Some connoisseurs enjoy delicately flavoured jasmine tea, green tea, lemon tea and even iced tea.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in Column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. aromatic	(a) any liquid for drinking
2. brew	(b) the hot regions of the world
3. beverage	(c) fragrant
4. tropical	(d) to make tea etc. by boiling

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. aromatic	(c) fragrant
2. brew	(d) to make tea etc. by boiling
3. beverage	(a) any liquid for drinking
4. tropical	(b) the hot regions of the world

Question 3.
List the qualities of the special type of tea.
Answer:
unique in taste, aroma, strength, flavour.

Question 4.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meaning in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. investigation	(a) a scientific examination for finding the truth.
2. stimulant	(b) a drink made by leaving shrubs (leaves), etc. in boiling water.
3. infusion	(c) making you strong and healthy again.
4. restorative	(d) a substance (tea) that helps you to stay awake.

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. investigation	(a) a scientific examination for finding the truth.
2. stimulant	(d) a substance (tea) that helps you to stay awake.
3. infusion	(b) a drink made by leaving shrubs (leaves), etc. in boiling water.
4. restorative	(c) making you strong and healthy again.

Question 5.
Match the verbs in ‘A’ with the related phrases/words in ‘B’ from the passage:

‘A’	‘B’
1. reduce	(a) viruses in our body
2. control	(b) us live longer
3. fight	(c) the risk of cancer
4. help	(d) blood pressure

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. reduce	(c) the risk of cancer
2. control	(d) blood pressure
3. fight	(a) viruses in our body
4. help	(b) us live longer

Question 6.
Write the words related to ‘medicine’ from the passage :
Answer:
cancer, blood pressure, viruses, antioxidants, free radicals, system, body, health, damage.

Question 7.
List the things from the passage that are used for making tea.
Answer:
powdered green tea, bamboo whisk, milk, sugar, ginger, spices like cardamom, cloves, mace, jasmine, lemon.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
Underline the adverbs from the following sentences :
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:

1. Can you name the most widely consumed beverage in the world, after water?
2. The tree plants grow slowly.

Question 2.
Underline the infinitives in the following sentence:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. It was funny to read words that stood still.
2. Do I have to read the book?
3. Turkish traders began to bargain for tea.
4. A servant was boiling some water for the king to drink.

Question 3.
Find the subject and the object from the following sentences :
1. The water immediately changed colour.
2. He carried out further investigations.
Answer:
1. Subject: The water: Object: colour
2. Subject: He; Object: investigations.

Question 4.
Underline the infinitives in the following sentences :
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:

1. The word ch’a’ is used in English to refer to China tea.
2. Tea may be able to reduce the risk of cancer.

Question 5.
Choose the proper article from the given brackets to complete the sentences.
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. He has to attend an important meeting. (a, an)
2. He was looking at the setting sun. (the, a, an)

Question 6.
Replace the underlined words with another words and rewrite the sentences :

Question a.
The ceremonies give people the time to relax.
Answer:
The ceremonies give people the time to enjoy.

Question b.
For many people tea is a popular drink.
Answer:
For many people tea is a refreshing drink.

Question c.
Make any question using the wh-words given below:

1. Where
2. What
3. Who
4. When

Answer:

1. Where is our friend, Amar?
2. What shall we do now?
3. Who was there with you just now?
4. When will you meet me again?

Question 7.
Read the sentences and fill in the blanks with correct prepositions given in the brackets :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Tea is served in a small clay pot. (in, on, with)
2. The tea is mixed with boiled water using cloves, (for, with, at)
3. They still have tea ceremonies for important occasions, (for, to, in)
4. Some people use mace to add to its taste. (for, to, with)

Question 8.
Arrange the following words in correct order to frame sentences :
1. is tea cup of a offered guests to.
2. brewed ginger is Tea with.
Answer:
1. A cup of tea is offered to guests.
2. Tea is brewed with ginger.

Do as directed :

Question 1.
We have three different tea-growing regions in India. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined word as an answer.)
Answer:
How many different tea-growing regions are there in India?

Question 2.
Choose the correct form of the verb from the brackets :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. A new flush appears on the plant every seven to ten days, (appear/appears)
2. Tea plants require at least 100-125 cm of rainfall a year, (require/requires)
3. Each of these regions is famous for the special type of tea. (is/are)
4. It is said that the tea plants grow slowly. (are/is)

Personal Response :

Question 1.
What are botanical names? How are they decided?
Answer:
Botanical names are actually scientific names. These names are according to binomial (two words) naming system. The first name tells us the genus of a plant and the second name is the species of the plant. Throughout the world there should be only one uniform name, that is why the scientific naming system is used.

Question 2.
What is the difference between legends or stories and history?
Answer:
Legends or stories may not be true but history tells you the facts and true events of the past. History is the written or recorded or spoken events of the past. They are concerned with the real persons, places, arts, etc. that really existed in the past whereas legends are mostly imaginary and passed down from generations to generations in the form of story telling. So they are likely to change but the events in history are generally unchangeable.

Question 3.
What is the difference between ‘claim’ and ‘fact’?
Answer:
The word ‘claim’ is used to say that something is true although it has not been proved or approved by all people totally. Fact means reality. It is used to refer that a particular situation or incident existed and considered to be true and that it can be proved as real.

Question 4.
Do you have any ceremonies associated with food items?
Answer:
There are no any ceremonies directly associated with particular food items. While celebrating marriage ceremony, house warming ceremony, anniversaries, etc. variety of food items are served by the hosts and people enjoy different food items with different flavours and tastes. When people celebrate the festivals of Holi, Diwali, Makar Sankrant etc. people particularly prepare and enjoy food items like puran poli, sweets, laddoos, tilgul, kheer, etc.

Question 5.
What is your favourite beverage? Tell your reasons :
Answer:
My favourite beverage is coffee. I love to have it because of its rich flavour and unique taste. I feel refreshed when I drink hot, slightly bitter coffee with brown colour.

Do as directed :

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters :

1. j u _ c e
2. d _ i n k
3. s _ o p e
4. w o _ l d

Answer:

1. j u i c e
2. d r i n k
3. s l o p e
4. w o r l d

Question 2
Copy the following sentences in your notebook:
1. Japan, China, Russia and Korea have special tea ceremonies and traditions.
2. Can you name the most widely consumed beverage in the world, after water?

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order :
1. evergreen, acidic, flavour, beverage.
2. emperor, elevation, enable, establish.
Answer:
1. acidic, beverage, evergreen, flavour.
2. elevation, emperor, enable, establish.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences :
1. are there any wild animals in this forest Sahil asked the tour guide
2. what a fantastic landscape it is the visitor exclaimed.
Answer:
1. “Are there any wild animals in this forest?” Sahil asked the tour guide.
2. “What a fantastic landscape it is !” the visitor exclaimed.

Question 5.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. How and when did people first began to drink tea?
2. We has three very distinct and different tea growing regions in India.
Answer:
1. How and when did people first begin to drink tea?
2. We have three very distinct and different tea-growing regions in India.

Question 6.
Write related words as shown in the example :
(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

Question 7.
Complete the following word-chain of nouns. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word :
proteins → ……………. → …………… → …………….. → …………….
Answer:
proteins → sugar → remand → dream → mop.

Do as directed :

Question 1.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to look for’.
Answer:
Amav lost his pen in his school and now he is looking for it in his home.

Question 2.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use any one of the root word in your own sentence :
1. confident
2. absent.
Answer:
1. confidence
2. absence.
Sentence: Ramesh was very confident when he began to give his speech.

Question 3.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
We know
Answer:
We know that trees are very important for all of us.

Language Study:

Question 1.
Compound word :
Find all the words or pairs of words that begin with ‘tea’.
Answer:
teapot, tea plants, tea gardens, tea-estates, tea leaves, tea seeds, tea-tasting, tea whisking, tea minded, tea growing, tea club, tea ceremony, tea kettle, tea lovers.

Question 2.
Underline the infinitive in the following sentences :
(The answers are underlined directly.)
Answer:

1. It was funny to read words that stood still.
2. To be or not to be – that is the question.
3. Can I read the book?
4. They could help one another with the homework and talk about it.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat:

1. What games did you play when you were a small child – in pre-primary or primary school?
2. Who were your playmates?
3. What do you remember best from that time?

Short Poems

Question 1.
Use the following formats to write your own poems.
noun
noun + verb
noun + verb + adverb
determiner/adjective + noun + verb + adverb
exclamation
noun + verb

If necessary, the teacher should revise the parts of speech mentioned the activity and write plenty of examples of each on the blackboard.
adjective 1
adjective 2
adjective 3
adjective 4
adjective 5
noun

verb
verb + adverb
verb + adverb + adverb
noun + verb + adverb + adverb
determiner/adjective + noun + verb + adverb + adverb
question (simple/rhetorical)

English Workshop:

Question 1.
Pick out from the first stanza, four expressions where the poet pleads with the butterfly not to go away:
Answer:

1. 1. STAY near me
   2. do not take thy flight!
   3. A little longer stay in sight!
   4. Float near me do not yet depart!

Question 2.
Match the words/lines and their meaning:

Words/Lines	Meaning
1. Do not take thy flight	(a) reminder of my childhood days
2. Much converse do I find in thee	(b) I want to talk to you about many things
3. Historian of my infancy	(c) Do not fly away
4. Dead time revive in thee	c I rushed upon the prey (butterfly)
5. A very hunter did I rush upon the prey	(e) In you, I see the time that has gone by

Answer:

Words/Lines	Meaning
1. Do not take thy flight	(c) Do not fly away
2. Much converse do I find in thee	(b) I want to talk to you about many things
3. Historian of my infancy	(a) reminder of my childhood days
4. Dead time revive in thee	(e) In you, I see the time that has gone by
5. A very hunter did I rush upon the prey	(e) I rushed upon the prey (butterfly)

3. Say WHO.

Question 1.
Say WHO.
Answer:
(a) Reminds the poet of his – butterfly childhood
(b) Is afraid to touch the butterfly – Poet’s sister
(c) Is like a hunter – the poet
(d) Is the poet’s sister – Emmeline

4. Sometimes, the normal word order is changed in the lines of a poem, to emphasise something or to make the lines sound better. This change in word order is called ‘inversion’.

Question 1.
Sometimes, the normal word order is changed in the lines of a poem, to emphasise something or to make the lines sound better. This change in word order is called ‘inversion’. Can you find examples of inversion in this poem? Write them down. Then rewrite the lines using regular word order and compare the effect.
Example: A little longer stay in sight!
Stay in sight a liitle longer.
Answer:
1. Much converse do I find in thee.
Regular word order: I do find much converse ! in thee.
2. You bring’st, gay creature as thou art!
A Solemn image to my heart, My father’s family!
Regular word order: As thou art gay creature you bringst a solemn image (of) my father’s family to my heart!

5. The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is a a b b c b c c b. Now write the rhyming words in the second stanza.

Question 1.
The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is a a b b c b c c b. Now write the rhyming words in the second stanza. Note the words ‘rush’, ‘bush’, ‘brush’. Their spellings look similar, but the pronunciation of the words is different. It is known as eye rhyme. Find examples of ‘eye rhymes’ and true rhymes from other sources.
Answer:

1. flight – sight,
2. depart – art – heart,
3. days – plays,
4. I – butterfly,
5. rush – brush,
6. springs – wings

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 3.3 To a Butterfly Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Is the poet a grown-up person or a child?
Answer:
The poet is a grown-up person.

Poetic device Activities:

Question 1.
Write old English words used in the poem:
Answer:
Thy, thee, bring’st, thou, art.

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: ‘To a Butterfly’.
2. Poet: William Wordsworth.

3. Theme/Central Idea: The speaker of the poem (here, the poet himself) is a grown-up person who looks back to his childhood days. The sight of a butterfly reminds him of the pleasant childhood days he spent together with his sister chasing butterflies on the countryside. This is the theme of the poem.

4. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is: aabbcbccb. The rhyme scheme of the second stanza is: aabbcacca

5. Figure of Speech: Inversion, Tautology.

6. Special Features: This poem is a lyric. A lyric poem expresses the mood or emotion of a single speaker. Here the poet himself, looks back to his childhood days with great fondness. The sight of a butterfly reminds him of the pleasant childhood days he spent with his sister chasing butterflies on the countryside.

7. Favourite Lines:

1. Stay near me-do not take they flight.
   A Little longer stay in sight.
2. Dead times review in thee.

8. Why I like the poem: I like this poem for its simplicity. The happy days of childhood are portrayed here with great effect in a few lines.

Short Poems

Question 1.
Use your own ideas, words to write your own poems:
Examples:
1. Rolling, roaring deep blue sea
We always long to visit and see.
2. Playing and laughing,
Heedless of everything,
We pass our childhood days,
Like colourful morning rays.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.2 The Fall of Troy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.2 The Fall of Troy

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 3.2 The Fall of Troy Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat:

1. Do you know stories from any epics or mythological poems?
2. Who is your favourite mythological character? What do you like about that character?
3. Who is your favourite warrior?
4. If you could visit a place in the ancient world or the mytholocial world, which place would you choose? Which event would you like to see?

Building a Story

Form groups of eight. The group leader prepares slips of paper for each of the seven points given below and distributes them among the others. The group sits in a circle, taking their seats according to the number on the slip they have. Then each one completes the sentence on his/her slip without sharing it with the others. The group leader collects the slips and reads all the sentences aloud as one continuous passage. Does the story make sense? The group then works on the story to make it more meaningful and interesting.

1. Once there was a …………………………
2. Who lived in a …………………………
3. He/She ate …………………………
4. She/He went …………………………
5. There She/He saw …………………………
6. She/He was …………………………
7. That is why …………………………

Part – I

English Workshop:

1. Find antonyms of the following from the passage:

Question 1.
Find antonyms of the following from the passage: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. barren × fertile
2. surrender × attack
3. cowardly × brave
4. defenceless × safe
5. offended × pleased
6. peace × war
7. exposed × closed

2. Correct the following sentences using facts from the passage:

Question (a)
Troy traded in cattle and grass with other cities.
Answer:
Troy traded in goods and grain.

Question (b)
During war, Trojans jumped over the fort gates.
Answer:
During war, Trojans would close the doors of the fort.

Question (c)
Helen escaped with Menelaus.
Answer:
Helen eloped with Paris, a prince of Troy.

Question (d)
The Greek armies and heroes always defeated the Trojans.
Answer:
Sometimes the Greeks defeated the Trojans and sometimes the Trojans defeated the Greeks.

Question (e)
Both the enemies were eager to continue fighting.
Answer:
Both the armies were tired of war. The Trojans of being shut in their city and the Greeks of living away from home.

Question (f)
Troy was attacked because it was strong rich city.
Answer:
Troy was attacked because the Greeks wanted to take revenge on Troy for the wrong’done to their King Menelaus.

3. State the counteraction for the following actions:

Question (a)
Helen eloped with Paris.
Answer:
Counteraction: The Greeks wanted to take revenge on Troy they sailed and laid siege to the city of Troy.

Question (b)
The Greeks sailed to Troy and attacked it.
Answer:
Counteraction: The Trojans fought hard and the siege continued for ten long years.

Question (c)
Hector was killed by Achilles.
Answer:
Counteraction: Achilles himself was killed later on by a poisoned arrow that entered his heel, the only part of his body, where he could be wounded.

Question (d)
The siege continued for ten long years.
Answer:
Counteraction: The Trojans were tired of being shut up in their city and the Greeks deeply desired to see their homes again.

Question (e)
The fighting went on daily.
Answer:
Counteraction: Even then the siege did not end. The Greeks could not take the city, on the other hand, the Trojans could not force them to sail away back to Greece.

4. From either of our two Indian epics, find out which battle/war lasted the longest? Write down about its cause, the enemy armies, its heroes, its duration and the final outcome.

Question 1.
From either of our two Indian epics, find out which battle/war lasted the longest? Write down about its cause, the enemy armies, its heroes, its duration and the final outcome.
Answer:
Mahabharat
1. Cause: Kauravas took possession of the kingdom of Hastinapur forcibly, which rightfully belonged to Pandavas and they were not ready to give even an inch of the land to Pandavas. So, it led to the outbreak of the war.

2. The enemy armies:
Kauravas: 100 Kaurava brothers and many friendly kings like Shakuni, Shalya, Kama, etc. with their armies.
Pandavas: 5 Pandavas, Kashiraja, King Drupad, King Virat, Dhrushtadhyumna, etc. and their armies.

3. Heroes:

• Pandavas : Dharma (Yudhishthir), Arjun, Bhim, Nakul, Sahadev, Abhimanyu and Shri Krishna as the charioteer of Arjun.
• Kauravas: Duryodhan, Dushasan, Kama, Bhishmacharya, Dronacharya, Jaydrath.

4. Duration: The war lasted for eighteen days.

5. Final outcome: The war ended in victory to Pandavas. All mighty warriors from Kaurava side except Ashwathama were killed and it was a complete ruin for them. Pandavas regained Hastinapur.

5. Underline the subject in the following sentences:

Question 1.
Underline the subject in the following sentences:
(a) Paris had brought her to Troy.
(b) The Greeks waited to take revenge on Troy.
(c) The Greek armies sailed to Troy.
(d) The fighting went on daily.
(e) Reading is a good habit.

Here, we see that the ‘-ing’ form of the verb ‘fight’ is used as a subject in ‘The fighting went on’. It does the work of a noun. When the ‘-ing’ form of a verb is used as a noun, it is known as a gerund or verbal noun.

1. Gardening is an art.
2. Cooking is a science.
3. I enjoy reading poems.
4. I like writing, too.

Rewrite the above sentences using other appropriate gerunds in place of the ones given here.
Example: Speaking is an art.

1. Gardening is an art.
2. Cooking is a science.
3. I enjoy reading poems.
4. I like writing, too.
5. Swimming is a good exercise.
6. He is good at running.
7. I am fond of playing.
8. Travelling refreshes our minds.

Part – II

English Workshop:

1. Find and write the Greek and the Trojan names used in the story (Part I and II).

Question 1.
Find and write the Greek and the Trojan names used in the story (Part I and II).
Answer:
1. Greek names: Menelaus, Helen, Achilles, Odysseus, Agamemnon, Aphrodite (goddess).
2. Trojan names: Paris, Hector, King Priam.

2. List all the words related to ‘war’ from both parts of the story.

Question 1.
List all the words related to ‘war’ from both parts of the story.
Answer:
enemy, attack, fortress, ships, protect, defend, brave soldiers, heroes, kings, countries, revenge, siege, fighting, battles, killing, arrows, victory, engineer, peace, disaster, terror, death, conquerors.

3. Note the following constructions carefully and then use them to express your own ideas:

Question (a)
A horse big enough to hold men inside it.
……………. enough to …………… ………….
Answer:
A stick long enough to fell mangoes from the tree.

Question (b)
The Greeks were tired of the long war.
……………. tired of …………… ………….
Answer:
We are tired of the tedious work.

Question (c)
They are afraid of the long voyage home, too.
……………. afraid of …………… ………….
Answer:
They are afraid of the impending storm.

Question (d)
They made it too big to go inside your city.
……………… too ………………. to ……………….
Answer:
They bought a cupboard that was too big to go inside our house.

Question (e)
They were so excited that they paid no attention to his words.
……………….. so ………………. that ………………..
Answer:
We were so excited that we could not think of anything except our picnic.

4. Put the following events in the order in which they took place. Number then accordingly:

Question 1.
Put the following events in the order in which they took place. Number then accordingly:
Answer:
(a) The Trojans found a Greek man under the big wooden horse.  [1]
(b) They broke down a part of the wall and brought the horse in.  [3]
(c) The cunning Odysseus thought of a plan. [1]
(d) The Greeks burnt their tents and sailed away. [4]
(e) Troy was burnt down. [3]
(f) The Greeks built a big wooden horse. [2]
(g) The great heroes hid inside the horse. [3]
(h) The priest warned the Trojans not to break the wall.  [2]
(i) The Trojans were happy to see the Greek ships go. [5]
(j) The Trojans slept soundly.  [4]
(k) The Greek army entered the city. [2]

5. Form pairs. Imagine you are a pair of Trojans and you have come to know about Odysseus’s plan. Make a counter plan to defeat the Greeks. Write down your plan as you explain to your fellow Trojans:

Question 1.
Form pairs. Imagine you are a pair of Trojans and you have come to know about Odysseus’s plan. Make a counter plan to defeat the Greeks. Write down your plan as you explain to your fellow Trojans:
Answer:
While observing the large wooden horse, I heard some movements inside it. Friends, I am sure it is some trick to attack our city at night. Their great heroes must be inside the horse. They have not sailed away. They must be somewhere near and will return only when they will get the signal from the Greeks in the horse.

Friends, they will not get the signals from them. Look, we shall get bundles of ropes and tie the ropes tightly around the whole of the horse, so that no one would be able to come out and give signals. That Greek man also is in my custody. We shall arrange heavy barricades to close our wall gates. We shall take this opportunity to lift their siege.

We shall hold these heroes in the horse to ransom, in order to force them to lift the siege, surrender and leave our shore. Let’s come together and implement this plan immediately.

Language Study:

6. Refer to the Language Study pages and read the following entries:

Question (a)
Refer to the Language Study pages and read the following entries:

1. word
2. phrase
3. clause
4. sentence

Question (b)
A phrase is a meaningful group of words. Read the following phrases :

• the wise Odysseus
• a great horse of wood
• a skilful engineer
• the greatest heroes
• the secret of opening and shutting the entrance
• on the seashore outside the walls
• in the darkness
• watching for the return of the fleet
• part of their strong wall

Question 1.
Write three phrases on your own.
All the above phrases are parts of sentences they do not form a complete sentence by themselves. A sentence expresses a complete idea. You know that it has a subject and a predicate. A sentence has at least one finite verb in it.

Read the following examples:

• The tents had been burnt.
• The shore was deserted.
• The Greek ships had all gone.

2. Write three sentences using your own ideas.

Question (c)
When we read the story of ‘The Fall of Troy’, we see that here (as elsewhere), many sentences express two or more complete ideas linked together. For example,

1. When the Trojans dragged him out, the man pretended to be very frightened of them.
2. They wanted also to kill me and offer me as a sacrifice to the sea-god but I escaped and hid from them.
3. In the darkness the fleet sailed back, and the leading ship, which was Agamemnon’s, bore a red light high on its mast.

All these sentences consist of clauses. A clause has a subject and a verb. Some clauses can stand by themselves as a complete sentence.
Example: The man pretended to be frightened of them.

But some clauses do not make complete sense by themselves.
Example: When the Trojans dragged him out
It is only when we read the entire sentence that we understand what is being said.

Thus, we have seen that a clause is a part of a sentence and there are two types of clauses:
(a) Main clause – It can stand by itself.
(b) Subordinate or dependent clause : It depends on the main clause, and is incomplete without it.

Note that a sentence can have two or more main clauses or a main clause and one or more dependent clauses, but we cannot have a sentence without a main clause.

Question 3.
Identify one example of a main clause and one example of a dependent clause from page 74.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 3.2 The Fall of Troy Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with correct information from the passage. Choose the correct option from the brackets: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. Troy was a rich trading city in Asia Minor. (beautiful/trading)
2. Troy was a strong city protected by its wall. (Mount Ida/wall)
3. Troy was well situated for commerce and agriculture, (fertile fields/commerce and agriculture)
4. Helen was the wife of a Greek king Menelaus. (Paris/Menelaus)

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences using the information from the passage:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The Greek leaders decided to follow the advice of the wise Odysseus.
2. The Trojans thought that the long siege was over at last.
3. The last man who entered the wooden horse was the architect himself.
4. Troy was taken, not by force but by a trick.

Question 3.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. The huge wooden horse was an offering to the god of the sea. – False
2. The man left by the Greeks told the false story of the horse. – True
3. Their wise priest told the Trojans not to make a hole in the wall. – True
4. The Greeks were tired of the long war and had sailed away. – False

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
How did the location of Troy help it to grow into a very rich/prosperous city?
Answer:
The city was well situated for commerce and agriculture. Their ships sailed and carried goods and grain over the sea in front of the city. Many rivers and streams flowed from Mount Ida. Well-watered and fertile valleys among the hills grew corn in fertile fields cattle were reared on the rich grass of the meadows. So Troy became a rich/ prosperous city.

Question 2.
How were the Trojans protected?
Answer:
The Trojans had built a strong wall around their city to prevent the enemy attack from the sea. The great gates of the wall were kept closed in time of war. They were safe from all attacks by the walls surrounding the city as well as by the hills behind the city.

Question 3.
What was the cause of the ten year old war between the Greeks and the Trojans?
Answer:
Paris, a prince of Troy, had persuaded Helen, wife of a Greek king Menelaus, to elope with him. Paris brought her to Troy. The Greeks wanted to take revenge on Troy and laid siege to the city. The fight began and the war continued for ten long years.

Who were the brave heroes on either side who were killed in the war? How?

Question 1.
Who were the brave heroes on either side who were killed in the war? How?
Answer:
Great heroes on both sides were killed in the course of time. Hector was killed by Achilles. Achilles himself was killed later on by a poisoned arrow that entered his heel. The prince of Troy, Paris, was also killed by a poisoned arrow.

Question 2.
How did Odysseus plan to defeat the Trojans?
Answer:
Odysseus advised his men to build a great wooden horse, big enough to hold men inside it and let some of their best fighters hide in the horse. Then let them burn their tents and pretend to sail away in their ships. But instead of sailing away, they would return in the night. When the Trojans were asleep, they would attack the city and burn, kill and defeat the Trojans.

Question 3.
What was the reason for Trojans to rejoice and celebrate?
Answer:
The Trojans woke up and came out for fighting as usual. They were delighted and surprised what they saw on the seashore outside the walls. The tents of the Greeks were burnt, the shore was deserted so they thought that the long siege was over at last. They were sure that the Greeks had gone. They were glad to be free to go where they pleased. That was the reason for the Trojans to rejoice and celebrate.

Question 4.
How did the cunning Greek explain the presence of such a large wooden horse?
Answer:
The cunning Greek explained to the Trojans that the Greeks were tired of the long war and had sailed away in their ships. They were afraid of the long voyage home and so they made a large horse and left that as an offering to the god of the sea.

Question 5.
What reckless/thoughtless step did the Trojans take?
Answer:
Thinking that the horse would bring them good luck the Trojans broke down a part of their strong wall in order to drag the horse in the city and that brought the ruin of their city.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Write the words related to ‘Geography’ from the passage.
Answer:
Asia Minor, trading city, Aegean, Black Sea, agriculture, grain, peak of Mount Ida, rivers, streams, valleys, hills, fertile fields, cattle, grass, fortress, meadows.

Question 2.
Match the adjectives in Column ‘A’ with the nouns in Column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. high	(a) fortress
2. brave	(b) peak
3. fertile	(c) fields
4. strong	(d) soldiers

Answer:

1. high – peak
2. brave – soldiers
3. fertile – fields
4. strong – fortress.

Question 3.
Write the words related to war from the passage.
Answer:
fighting, siege, force, battles, armies, heroes, I kill, defence, resist, poisoned arrow, wounded.

Question 4.
Find the nouns for the following adjectives from the passage :

1. skilful
2. cunning
3. wonderful
4. wooden

Answer:

1. engineer
2. Odysseus
3. piece of work
4. horse.

Question 5.
Write all the words ending with ‘-mg’ form of verbs:
Answer:
Sailing, being, opening, shutting, expecting.

Question 6.
Arrange the letters properly to make a meaningful word :

1. aagni
2. bndeih
3. rohse
4. seegi.

Answer:

1. again
2. behind
3. shore
4. siege

Question 7.
Write the meaningful sentences from the jumbled words:
1. the Greeks did a large such Why horse make?
2. wise their them priest warned not so to do.
Answer:
1. Why did the Greeks make such a large horse?
2. Their wise priest warned them not to do so.

Question 8.
Match the names of the persons in Column ‘A’ with the information in Column ‘B’:
Answer:

1. Agamemnon – sailing in the leading ship of Greeks
2. Aphrodite – a Greek goddess
3. Priam – Old Trojan King
4. Helen – wife of King Menelaus.

Question 9.
Write the phrases related to Greeks’ attack on Troy.
Answer:
Set fire to houses, burn and kill, sight of leaping flames, sound of shouting, noise of weapons, cries of weeping women, the sleeping Trojans taken by surprise, put on their armour, seize their weapons, went up in flames, all in vain.

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Question 1.
A prince of Troy had persuaded Helen.
(Begin with ‘Helen had – ’ and change the voice.)
Answer:
Helen had been persuaded by a prince of Troy.

Question 2.
The city was strongly defended by its brave soldiers. (Choose the correct option of Active voice)
(a) Its brave soldiers defended strongly by the city.
(b) Its brave soldiers defended the city strongly.
Answer:
Its brave soldiers defended the city strongly.

Question 3.
Underline the infinitives in the sentences:
(Answers are directly underlined.)
1. Paris persuaded Helen to elope with him.
2. The Greeks wanted to take revenge.

Question 4.
Greeks could not take the city. (Make the sentence affirmative.)
Answer:
Greeks were unable to take the city.

Question 5.
Every day Greeks came out of their gates. (Rewrite the sentence using Past Continuous tense.)
Answer:
Every day Greeks were coming out of their gates.

Question 6.
The Trojans, too, fought hard. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
The Trojans, too, fought hard, didn’t they? ‘

Question 7.
Find the gerund from the sentence. The fighting went on daily.
Answer:
fighting.

Question 8.
They will return in the night. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as an answer.)
Answer:
When will they return?

Question 9.
They went to sleep.
(Write the sentence in Past Progressive tense.)
Answer:
They were going to sleep.

Question 10.
Why did the Greeks make such a huge horse?
(Rewrite the sentence using Past Perfect tense.)
Answer:
Why had the Greeks made such a huge horse?

Question 11.
The walls are no longer necessary.
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
The walls are no longer necessary, are they?

Question 12.
The Greeks have gone.
(Rewrite the sentence using Simple Past tense.)
Answer:
The Greeks went.

Choose the correct alternative from the brackets and complete the following sentences:

Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative from the brackets and complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:

1. They were killed with their great heroes. (with/for)
2. They found the car m their own garage. (on/in)
3. He jumped into the river to save the child. (over/into)
4. She was gazing at the strange person. (on/at)

Question 2.
Write the past tense and past participle forms of the following verbs:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Verb	Past tense	Past participle
come	came	come
lead	led	led
speak	spoke	spoken
swim	swam	swum

Complete the words by using correct letters:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. s _ ege
2. ro_nd
3. bra _ e
4. w_ong

Answer:

1. siege
2. round
3. brave
4. wrong

Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:

Question 1.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
Answer:
1. The Greek wanted to take revenge on Troy for the wrong done to Menelaus.
2. “But why did the Greeks make such a huge horse?”

Put the following words in alphabetical order:

Question 1.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
Answer:
1. fields, battles, ships, arrows
2. grain, grow, gates, Greek
3. arrows, battles, fields, ships.
4. gates, grain, Greek, grow.

Punctuate the following sentences:

Question 1.
1. Then he asked the boys where are you going children and for what
2. The king said what a strange appeal
Answer:
1. Then he asked the boys, “Where are you going, children, and for what?”
2. The King said, “What a strange appeal!”

Question 2.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letter in the given word :
“sometimes.”
Answer:

1. some
2. time
3. mime
4. tie

Question 3.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. Great heroes on both sides was killed in the course of the war.
2. The Trojans came out of their gates, and the Greeks came out of their tents and ships and the fighting goes on.
Answer:
1. Great heroes on both sides were killed in the course of the war.
2. The Trojans came out of their gates, and the Greeks came out of their tents and ships and the fighting went on.

Question 4.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Complete the following word-chain of nouns Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
Stream → ……………., ……………….., …………….., ……………..
Answer:
Stream → mountain → nature → electricity → years.

Question 6.
Make your own meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘in front of.
Answer:
There is a big ground in front of our school.

Question 7.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use any one of the root words in your own sentence:
1. imagine
2. education
Answer:
1. imaginary
2. educational
Sentence: Just try to imagine that you are a rich person.

Question 8.
Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully:
The person cried for help ………………
Answer:
The person cried for help because he was caught in the big fire.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you know one of the wars in ancient India was fought over a woman? Describe it in short.
Answer:
I know such a war was fought between Ram and Ravan. Ravan, the demon king of Lanka, came in disguise as a Sadhu and forcefully took away Seeta, the wife of Ram. Ram with his monkey army reached Lanka. He fought against Ravan, defeated him and killed Ravan and brought back Seeta to Ayodhya.

Question 2.
Why, do you think, did the Greeks burn their tents?
Answer:
The Greeks burnt their tents to show the Trojans that they have left for Greece and did not wish to continue the siege any more. They wanted them (Trojans) to be careless and carefree about the Greek attack and their army.

Question 3.
Was it enough to use the wooden horse to hide some soldiers? What was done to make the Trojans take it inside the city?
Answer:
No, it was not enough to use it for hiding some soldiers. The Greeks wanted their entry into the city with all their army men. Unless the walls around the city were broken down they would not have got that opportunity. That’s why they made the horse very large and lured the Trojans to take it inside the city by breaking the walls.

Question 4.
Was the big wooden horse really an offering to the god of the sea?
Answer:
No, the big wooden horse really was not an offering to the god of the sea. It was a false tale of the Greek who was found under the big horse by the Trojans. It was told to lure the Trojans for taking the horse inside the city for sudden attack without their knowledge.

Question 5.
Why, do you think, were the Trojans so excited?
Answer:
I think, the Trojans thought that the siege by the Greeks was lifted and there would be no war any more. Again they thought that they were bringing in good luck for the city by presence of the wooden horse. They did not think of the impending danger.

Question 6.
Do you think that the conquerors of war are happy after their victory?
Answer:
No, I don’t think so. Both defeated and victorious countries have to bear the brunt of war. Both have to suffer because of the disastrous consequences they face. Both suffer the loss of lives, money, peace and so many other things. It takes a long time for both to regain their normal life.

Question 7.
Which of the following are the adverse effects of war? Tick [✓] them in the given box:
Answer:

1. Many people are killed. [✓]
2. The country gains fame and glory. [✗]
3. They lose peace in the land. [✓]
4. Thousands are wounded. [✓]
5. Soldiers enjoy fighting. [✗]
6. Those who win the war become rich and famous. [✓]

Oral Work

Question 1.
Read the story and retell it in your mother tongue, Read the following passage and do the activities:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak! Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak!

My English Coursebook Std 9 Guide Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak! Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

1. Do you write a diary?
2. Do you write letters or notes to your friends and relatives?
3. Do you ever fight with your friends?
4. Do you have arguments with your family members?
5. What are the arguments about?

Read the following words which may be used in place of speak-

Question (a)
Tick the words you know and underline the ones that you do not know. Find their meaning and pronunciation from a good dictionary.
1. Which of these words have a positive meaning?
2. Which of these words suggest an unpleasant context?

Question (b)
Try to translate these words into your mother tongue to show the different shades of meaning.

English Workshop:

1. The same word can be used as a noun in some sentences and as a verb in others.

Question 1.
The same word can be used as a noun in some sentences and as a verb in others.
For example,
1. Many are the empty remarks. ………………. (Noun)
2. A wise man once remarked, …………………. (Verb)

Make two sentences of your own with each of the words given below, using the same word as a noun in one and as a verb in another:

Question (a)
Change:
Answer:
1. He experienced a big change in his life. (Noun)
2. She changed her mind and joined them. (Verb)

Question (b)
Show:
Answer:
1. The young boy hosted the television show. (Noun)
2. They showed us the way to the post office. (Verb)

Question (c)
throw:
1. The naughty boy throws stones at a dog. (verb)
2. The wicketkeeper could not catch the throw properly, (noun)

Question (d)
return:
1. He will return from Pune soon. (verb)
2. I shall meet him on his return from London.(noun)

Question (e)
benefit:
1. He invests money in the mutual fund so that he will be benefitted in future, (verb)
2. He is enjoying the benefits of his hard work and honesty, (noun)

2. Complete the following:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(a) Our ears are like funnels because ………………….
(b) The two rows of teeth are like a fence because ………………
(c) The two lips are like a fence because ……………..
(d) Harsh words are like scattered bits of paper carried away by the wind because ………………..
Answer:
(a) Our ears are like funnels because there is no door with which you can close them.
(b) The two rows of teeth are like a fence because every word you speak must pass through this wall of teeth.
(c) The two lips are like a fence because before a word can be spoken, it has to pass, it has to pierce through these two w alls.
(d) Once you have spoken a word you cannot get it back.

3. Write a brief summary of the story of the young man and his spiritual teacher, making the young man the narrator:

Question 1.
Write a brief summary of the story of the young man and his spiritual teacher, making the young man the narrator:
You may begin as given below. ‘I went quickly to my spiritual teacher for advice
because I had ……………… (Now continue)
Answer:
The young man and his spiritual teacher I went quickly to my spiritual teacher for advice because I had hurt my friend with my harsh and unkind words. I wanted to make amends. My teacher gave me a sheet of paper and a pen and asked me to write all the harsh words I had spoken.

When I did so he asked me to tear it into small bits and then throw them out of the window. When I did that he ‘i asked me to collect as many hits of paper as I could. That was impossible but I gave a try but could not collect a single torn bit. The teacher told me, that is what happens with the spoken word. He advised me to think before I speak in anger.

4. Translate the following sentences into your mother tongue.

Question 1.
Translate the following sentences into your mother tongue.
(a) The first question we must ask ourselves before we speak is – is it true?
(b) The second question to ask is – is it pleasant?
(c) The third question according to Socrates is – is it useful?
Answer:
The three questions were – is it true?, is it pleasant?, is it useful? Socrates told the youth that they should ask the three questions and if they get affirmative answers to them, they can open their mouths to speak.

(a) About the first question – is it true? – he advised that they should not utter a single word if they are not sure about the truth of what they are saying. If you utter words without thinking, you will be the cause of the spreading untruth.

(b) About the second question – is it pleasant? – he advised that they should not pass empty, vain remarks that might hurt others. Leave these unpleasant words remain unspoken.

(c) About the third question – is it useful? – Socrates advised the youth that our words should bring comfort to others and help them. If they are sure about it they should go ahead and speak.

5. ‘A very wise man once remarked that of the unspoken word you are a master, of the spoken word, you are a slave.’

Question 1.
Read the following sentence.
‘A very wise man once remarked that of the unspoken word you are a master, of the spoken word, you are a slave.’

The sentence has two pairs of opposites – spoken and unspoken, and master and slave. The contrasting ideas make the sentence more effective. Putting together opposite or contrasting ideas in one sentence is a literary device. It is called antithesis.

Read the following examples of antithesis.

1. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
2. Man proposes, God disposes.
3. Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
4. Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.

6. Find some examples of antithesis from your mother tongue and translate them into English.

Question 1.
Find some examples of antithesis from your mother tongue and translate them into English.
Answer:

1. Give food, clothes, etc. to your child, but never give your earnings.
2. Hard work is exhausting, but its benefits are pleasing.
3. Listen to people, but j do what your conscience says.
4. Money can buy everything, but not happiness.

7. We have seen that clauses are parts of a sentence, and they are classified as main and subordinate or dependent clauses. Dependent clauses can be further classified as follows according to the work they do in a sentence.

How do we decide whether a clause is a noun clause, an adjective clause or an adverb clause? There is a simple rule – we can replace an adverb clause with an adverb, an adjective clause with an adjective and a noun clause with a noun.

Look at the following examples:

• But I don’t know the answer. (Noun)
  But I don’t know what they want. (Noun clause)
• He told us a funny story. (Adjective)
  He told us a story that was funny. (Adjective clause)
• They went away. (Adverb)
  They went when you were talking to your friend. (Adverb clause)

Now complete the following on your own :

1. But I don’t know ……………………………..
2. He told us ………………………………………
3. They went ………………………………………

8. Think before you use! Name some ‘ready to eat’ and ‘ready to cook’ food items available in the market. Discuss the following in groups.

Question 1.
Think before you use! Name some ‘ready to eat’ and ‘ready to cook’ food items available in the market. Discuss the following in groups.
(a) Discuss whether it is necessary to use such items and why they are sold.
(b) Discuss the possible adverse effects of such food items.
(Students may use the following points)
Food items: burger, pasta, pizza, hot-dog, soups, noodles, etc.
Answer:
(a) Points: not necessary to use-people use them for a matter of convenience – different tastes other than home food – office-going, working people’s need – young children’s craze, ready and easy to eat – many customers – good sell – good income for the manufacturers.
(b) Points: adverse effects: kidney failure, obesity, blood pressure, overweight, heart attack.

5. Activity: Live English: Packs, packets, pouches, wrappers

1. Activity: Live English : Packs, packets, pouches, wrappers

Question (a)
Given above is the picture of an imaginary food item’s packet. Let us see how to ‘read’ the matter on the packet as a vigilant consumer. Look at the wrapper and complete the sentences.
Answer:

1. The name of the food item is noodles.
2. It is made by Monnie Foods Corporation Ltd., Pune.
3. It is a Veg food item. (Veg/Non-veg)
4. 
5. The ingredients of noodles are wheat flour, vegetable oil, salt, carbonates.
6. The date of packing is 27/6/2017 and the expiry date is not given.
7. It should be consumed before 8 months from the date of manufacturing.

Question 1.
Try and obtain more information about the various symbols printed on the packet:
Answer:

2. Discuss the following with the help of given points:

Question 1.
Why the ‘recipe’ is given on the packet:
Answer:
Points: to prepare recipe fast in simple and enjoyable way/manner, proper additives, water, etc. to manage timing-preparing the food item in short time without confusion.

Question 2.
Why the packet tells us to visit the website of the company :
Answer:
Points: for complaining about the bad food product – to enquire about another food products of the company – to get more information about the food item in the packet.

Question 3.
What ideas are used to make the packet attractive :
Answer:
Points: well designed – illustrations for making recipe – separate tables for ingradients, Nutrition facts and recipe – beautiful attractive writing – clear instructions.

Question 4.
How you will verify whether something is good for you to eat:
Answer:
Points: after reading information on the packet especially about ingredients and nutrition facts taste after having the food item – from reliability and genuineness of the manufacturer – popularity.

Question (b)
Collect the outer coverings of fast food items. Discuss the following points in groups and then write your observations in your notebook.
Answer:

1. ngredients
2. Manufactured by
3. Net weight
4. Veg or Non-veg
5. Recipe
6. Nutrition facts
7. MRP
8. Mfg. date
9. Website
10. Other instructions, if any

Question (c)
Work in groups and prepare an attractive wrapper or packet for any product of your choice. Prepare an advertisement for your product.

Question (d)
You want to convince the customer to buy your product. Prepare a conversation between you and the customer about it.
Answer:
Convincing a customer about a product

• Myself: Welcome to our shop. How can I help you?
• Customer: I want some quality fast food. My daughter is craving for it since morning!
• Myself: No problem Sir. We have variety of food items in our shop. But I shall insist you to buy this ‘Mineral Noodles’.
• Customer: I haven’t heard about this.
• Myself: Don’t worry Sir. I won’t give you any ordinary product. It is new and has become a craze in the market.
• Customer: What is special about it?
• Myself: Yes, I tell you. It’s a purely vegetarian t food, rich with important ingredients, rarely found in other products.
• Customer: What about the taste?
• Myself : Quite yummy. Children are greedy for it.
• Customer: Are there any chemical additives?
• Myself: Not at all, every ingredient is natural, healthy and nutritious. No complaint this date! Its recipe is simple, easy and can be prepared in five minutes. This will be your best choice. You won’t repent, and see the price – less than any renowned products. You must buy it. Customer: I believe your words. Pack me three packets of ‘Mineral Noodles’.
• Myself: Here they are!
• Customer: Thank you.
• Myself: Welcome, Sir.

Question (e)
Your younger sister wants to eat something tasty. You are telling her the recipe of one such food item. Prepare a dialogue about
Answer:
An Instant Recipe
(My younger sister comes to my study room asking for something to eat, since Mom isn’t at home.)

• Sister: Dada! I am really hungry. Can you help me make something tasty? Mother isn’t at home.
• Myself: I am studying right now, sis! But I surely can tell you a recipe that will delight your taste buds as well as fill your stomach.
• Sister: Thank you, Dada. So what I need to do. What will be the ingredients?
• Myself: Nothing fancy! You need a salty, crispy biscuit packet and slices of cheese and tomato ketchup.
• Sister: Here are them all. Anything else.
• Myself: Nothing! Now take two biscuits and cut the slice of cheese according to the size of the biscuits.
• Sister: Like this, right?
• Myself: That’s good! Now place the cheese slice between two biscuits and dip in ketchup. Your tasty, crispy, tummy filling delight is ready.
• Sister: It is so simple! And that’s really delicious, Dada. I’ll make more of these and will arrange in this plate for me and you to enjoy. Thank you!
• Myself: It’s my pleasure!

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 3.4 Think Before You Speak! Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. Harsh words are like scattered bits of paper carried away by the wind because it is very difficult
to take them back.
2. The young man said that he had spoken very harsh and unkind words to his friend and he was deeply hurt.

Question 2.
Who said to whom?

1. “How can I make amends?”
2. “Go out into the street and collect the bits of | paper.”
3. “Write all the harsh things you said to him.”
4. “Learn to think before you speak in anger.”

Answer:

1. The young man said to his spiritual teacher.
2. The teacher said to the young man.
3. The teacher said to the young man.
4. The teacher said to the young man.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What does the narrator tell you about the two fences that you have to pass before speaking a word?
Answer:
The narrator tells us that if you have to speak even a single word, that word must pass through two fences (walls). The first one is of our two rows of the teeth and the second is of our two lips. Before a word can be spoken, it has to pass/ pierce through these two fences or walls. Therefore we must think carefully before we utter a word or speak something.

Question 2.
What were a wise man’s thoughts about our spoken word?
Answer:
The wise man thought that you are the slave of your spoken word. Once you have spoken a word you cannot get it back whatever you do. Therefore you must be careful about the word that you choose for speaking. Once the word has left your lips, you will not be able to get it back; you cannot take it back; you cannot change it or control it.

Question 3.
How did the spiritual teacher teach a lesson to the young man about his harsh and unkind words to his friend?
Answer:
The teacher gave the young man a sheet of paper and a pen and asked him to write down all the harsh, unkind words he had spoken to his friend. When he had written, the teacher asked him to tear up the sheet of paper into many small bits and throw them out of the window. As he did this he asked him to collect all the tiny bits of paper.

The young man tried his best but could not collect a single torn bit of paper because they were scattered far and wide. The teacher told the young man that the spoken words are like the bits of paper; they cannot be taken back and advised him to think before he spoke.

Activities based on vocabulary:

Question 1.
Write from the passage the words related to our body parts :
Answer:
mouth, ears, teeth, lips

Question 2.
Write four words that have ‘un-’ as prefix:
Example: unspoken
Answer:
unaware, uncertain, uncommon, unclean

Question 3.
Match the following words in column ‘A’ with their antonyms in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
1. harsh	(a) easy
2. earlier	(b) narrow
3. difficult	(c) soft
4. wide	(d) later

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
1. harsh	(c) soft
2. earlier	(d) later
3. difficult	(a) easy
4. wide	(b) narrow

Question 4.
Write any four adverbs each with ‘-ly’ that express
(a) anger and
(b) loving nature in our talk:
Answer:
(a) anger: harshly, angrily, rudely, nastily
(b) loving nature: sweetly, nicely, affectionately, kindly

Activities based on contextual grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. u _ ter
2. thi_k
3. mou _ h
4. s_ave

Answer:

1. utter
2. think
3. mouth
4. slave

Question 2.
Copy the following sentences correctly in your notebook:
Answer:
1. “I am afraid I’ve lost my friendship with him. How can I make amends?”
2. “Throw the bits out of this window,” the teacher told him.

Question 3.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. statesman, fence, nature, anger
2. stammer, scatter, spoken, statesman.
Answer:
1. anger, fence, nature, statesman.
2. scatter, spoken, stammer, statesman.

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. this is what happens with the spoken words the teacher said
2. now tear up this sheet of paper into as many as small bits as you can the wise teacher said
Answer:
1. “This is what happens with the spoken words,” the teacher said.
2. “Now tear up this sheet of paper into as many as small bits as you can,” the wise teacher said.

Question 5.
Write four small words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the given word.
‘mythological’.
Answer:

1. myth
2. log
3. logic
4. toil.

Question 6.
Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences:
1. The ears is like funnels, open all the time.
2. Therefore, learn to thought before you speak in anger.
Answer:
1. The ears are like funnels, open all the time.
2. Therefore, learn to think before you speak in anger.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example:(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the following word-chain of adjectives. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
difficult → …………… → …………….. → …………….. → …………………
Answer:
difficult → talkative → energetic constant → tanned.

Question 9.
Make a meaningful sentence by using the following phrase in your own sentence.
“to be afraid of”.
Answer:
Nowadays children are not afraid of ghosts and stories of ghosts.

Question 10.
Use prefix to or suffix to make new words and use any of the roots words in your own sentence :
1. correct
2. complete
Answer:
1. incorrect
2. incomplete.
Sentence: There was a complete silence in the class.

Question 11.
Make the following sentence bigger by adding a clause:
My village is a beautiful place ………………….
Answer:
My village is a beautiful place which is situated very close to the Konkan coast.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Was Disraeli trying to give a scientific reason? Was he only trying to give a message in lighthearted but effective way?
Answer:
Disraeli was not trying to give any scientific reason about man having two ears and one mouth. It was good for mankind. If man had two mouths and one ear he would have talked more and listened less and appearance of his face would have strangely changed. He wanted to give a lighthearted and playful message that man should talk less and listen more.

Question 2.
Write the biological reasons why man’s ears and mouth have developed the way they are now.
Answer:
Ears are sense organs that interpret sounds. Two ears will function better by capturing sounds from everywhere. Mouth is basically for feeding in all animals. It should be a single one. It then leads to food pipe to carry swallowed food inside the body. With a single mouth, feeding is easier. However, ears should be two to gather all sound signals.

Question 3.
What do you do when someone speaks to you angrily. Do you also speak angrily?
Answer:
When someone speaks to me angrily, I try to keep my calm because I know that angry words lead to quarrels and fights. Fire of anger always takes a bad turn and becomes worst. I at first try to pacify the person talking harshly to me or then keep quiet without speaking a word with him.

Read the passage on the textbook page no. 83 about Socrates’ wisdom and his three questions and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Who was Socrates?
Answer:
Socrates was one of the wisest men of the ancient world.

Question 2.
Who were influenced by his teachings?
Answer:
Many youths were influenced by his teachings.

Question 3.
What did he advise his disciples?
Answer:
He advised his disciples to keep their mouth shut and speak only when it is absolutely necessary.

Question 4.
Have you ever passed on an empty remark or vain statement that might hurt someone else? What can you do to avoid doing it again ?
Answer:
I was very proud of my fair colour. Once I, jokingly, passed some nasty remark on one of my friends, about his dark colour. He was greatly hurt and stopped talking with me; he started avoiding me and our friendship was lost.

I realised that I shouldn’t have passed such a vain remark. I have now decided to avoid passing such remarks. I can avoid speaking without thinking. I can stop jeering at others. I can change my attitude and speak sweetly and kindly to everyone.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.1 Walk a Little Slower Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.1 Walk a Little Slower

My English Coursebook Std 9 Digest Chapter 1.1 Walk a Little Slower Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

Form pairs or groups of four. Use these questions to start a conversation with your friends.

• Are you a talkative person?
• Do you like to share your thoughts?
• What would you like to do after 10th?

My Thoughts:

1. Form groups of 4-6. Discuss the following with your friends in the group and then complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Form groups of 4-6. Discuss the following with your friends in the group and then complete the sentences.

English Workshop:

1. Read the poem aloud.

Question 1.
Read the poem aloud.

2. Put the words given in brackets in the proper blanks.

Question 1.
Put the words given in brackets in the proper blanks.
(a) The ………….. is talking to its . (father/child)
(b) The …………. is leading and the …………. is following. (father/child)
(c) Someday the ……………. will become a ………… (father/child)
(d) The ………….. does not wish to fall while following its …………… (father/child)
Answer:
(a) The child is talking to its father. (father/child)
(b) The father is leading and the child is following, (father/child)
(c) Someday the child will become a father. (father/child)
(d) The child does not wish to fall while following its father. (father/child)

2. Find and write pairs of rhyming words from the poem. (Words that appear at the end of the line.)

Question 1.
Find and write pairs of rhyming words from the poem. (Words that appear at the end of the line.)
Answer:

1. small-fall
2. see-me.
3. be-me
4. true-you.

3. The meanings of the words in the following pairs show that they are related

Find five more pairs of related words:
Examples :

• teacher: …………….
• doctor: ………………
• give: ………………….
• ………………………….
• ………………………….

Question 1.
Find five more pairs of related words:
Answer:

1. teacher ⇄ student
2. doctor ⇄ patient
3. give ⇄ take
4. owner ⇄ servant
5. come ⇄ go.

4. The child in the poem requests his father to walk slower. Here, the poet implies that the child wants to understand his father’s actions better. The child would like to act the same way, but wants the father to be more understanding towards the child’s needs. What is implied in the following lines?

Question a.
Sometimes your steps are very fast…
Answer:
Sometimes the father’s actions are too quick for the child to follow them properly.

Question b.
Sometimes your steps are hard to see …
Answer:
Sometimes the actions of the father are so difficult that the child cannot understand, observe and act accordingly.

Question c.
I would want to lead just right…
Answer:
The child who is grown up now wants to guide his child correctly in the journey of his life.

Question d.
And know that I was true …
Answer:
The grown up child is confident about his opinions, judgements and actions in his life. He was correct and sincere throughout his life like his father.

5. Using your own ideas, frame three sentences that show continuous action.
Example: You are leading me.

Question 1.
Using your own ideas, frame three sentences that show continuous action.
Answer:

1. My elder sister was helping me with my studies.
2. He is making us laugh.
3. Our team players are gaining confidence.

6. Using your own ideas, frame at least three sentences that show future action or state.
Examples:
Who’ll (who will) want to follow me.
When I’m all grown up …

Question 1.
Using your own ideas, frame at least three sentences that show future action or state.
Answer:

1. Who will want to participate in the elocution competition?
2. When I’m in Std. X.
3. They are going to arrive tomorrow.
4. I’ll be 16 years old in 2018.

7. Discuss the following and write the summary of your discussion in the form of bullet points.

Question a.
How are certain ideas/customs/knowledge passed on from one generation to the next?
Answer:

1. preserved by forefathers and passed on to new generations
2. continued to exist till this date
3. mythological literature, vedas, folklores, fables and arts instilled cultural values into them
4. known to them through celebrations of festival and religious ceremonies
5. Every community wants to preserve their cultural heritage because of their conservative mindset

Question b.
Is it necessary for children to follow the footsteps of their forefathers? If yes, why? Why is it sometimes necessary to change the old ways?
Answer:

1. Yes, it is necessary to follow the footsteps of our forefathers
2. because of its importance in life and the moral values it involves
3. Sometimes it is necessary to change the old ways because many of the traditions and customs are based on superstitions which cannot be explained by reason or science
4. have to accept good modern ideas
5. To safeguard the moral standard of people which is declining everywhere

8. Do you have a role model? What qualities do you appreciate in your role model?

Question 1.
Do you have a role model? What qualities do you appreciate in your role model?
Answer:
My role model is Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India. He was known as the Missile-man – the man behind India’s missile programme. I appreciate his intelligence, dedication to his duty, hard work, serenity and simplicity, his commitment to inspire and guide the youth of India, there was no change in his simplicity, politeness, humility and thoughtfulness even in his capacity as the President.

9. Think of an occasion when you did not like the decision/actions of your family members but realised later on that they were tight. Write about it in 5-8 lines.

Question 1.
Think of an occasion when you did not like the decision/actions of your family members but realised later on that they were tight. Write about it in 5-8 lines.
Answer:
Our class went for a trip to Lonavala. Before going there, all elderly persons warned me not to venture on any risky place especially if it is a river. At Lonavala, we saw a big river. All students were enjoying on the bank of the river. Some started swimming in it. I also tried to enter the river but suddenly slipped and fell into the river. I did not know swimming. I began to drown. I was terrified and cried for help. One of our teachers knew swimming. He boldly jumped into the river.

He swam towards me and holding my hand firmly brought me to the bank of river. I lay unconscious. Water in my stomach was removed. I felt a little better but could not enjoy the picnic anymore. The dangerous situation taught me the lesson of a life time. I realised that my family was right and decided never to disregard my parent’s advice.

10. Within two minutes, write as many phrases or sentences as you can using ‘a little’.

Question 1.
Within two minutes, write as many phrases or sentences as you can using ‘a little’.
Answer:

• a little while.
• I need a little more time.
• Move a little forward.
• a little earlier.
• a little smaller.
• You just need a little bit of luck.
• a little old lady.
• quite a little milk.
• a little confusion.
• I found him a little smarter.
• a little improved.

My English Coursebook 9th Class Solutions Chapter 1.1 Walk a Little Slower Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following extract and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What would happen if the child tried to walk fast? Why?
Answer:
If the child tried to walk fast he/she will not be able to properly understand the actions, thoughts, etc. of his/her father and will fail to achieve success in life.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Does the word ‘walk’ refer only to the act of walking? What does the poet actually mean to say?
Answer:
No, the word ‘walk’ does not refer here only to the act of walking. The poet actually wants to say that the father should communicate his thoughts and feelings to the child and help him/her to learn or become familiar with the ways of life by showing him/her or explaining the child how to behave and act for living a good life.

Question 2.
What do the ‘footsteps’ of the father refer to?
Answer:
The ‘footsteps’ of the father refers here to the father’s mannerisms, distinctive and individual gestures, traits of speaking and behaving, his actions and his all other characteristics that makes a person successful in life.

Question 3.
What qualities of your parents/eiders would you like to adopt?
Answer:
Their ability, noble thoughts and actions, kindness and love for others, discipline, hard work, I honesty, perseverance and to remain happy in good or bad condition.

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: ‘Walk a little slower…’
2. Poet/Poetess: The poet is unknown.
3. Theme/Central Idea: The importance of l the father as a role model is the central idea of the poem. The child in the poem wants to observe and imitate the life led by his/her father. Hence the I child requests the father to be more considerate towards his/her needs.
4. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme of the stanzas is ‘abeb’.
5. Figure of Speech: Alliteration and metaphor
6. Special Features: This poem is a dramatic monologue. Dramatic monologue is a kind of poem in which the speech does not reveal the poet’s own thoughts. Instead, the thoughts of the character speaking are expressed.
7. Favourite Lines: My favourite lines from the poem are:
“I’m following in your footsteps And I don’t want to fall.”
Then I will have a little child Who’ll want to follow me.
8. Why I like the poem: I like this poem for its sheer simplicity. There is not a single difficult word in the poem. This helps me understand the poem fully. Even the implied meanings are easy to guess.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 4.4 My Financial Career Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 4.4 My Financial Career

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 4.4 My Financial Career Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Observe the forms given on page 100 of the textbook and fill in your details:

2. Write in your own words:

Question (a)
Why does the bank need so many details of its customer?
Answer:
The bank has to be sure that the customer is not a fraud. The money deposited or withdrawn should be legal. The government has to be notified about various things. Letters have to be sent to the customer’s home/office or some information given to him about the transactions in his account. For all these reasons, the bank needs many details of its customers.

Question (b)
What problems do customers face when they have to make a cash deposit at a bank?
Answer:
First of all, the customer has to go to the bank during banking hours, which may not be convenient. He then has to stand in a queue, fill in the details in the paying-in-slip, etc. There may be a long queue or the staff may be few or slow, leading to a long wait. These are some of the problems that customers face when they have to make a cash deposit at a bank.

Question (c)
What are the latest modern methods of depositing money in your own or somebody else’s account?
Answer:
The latest modern method is net banking, that is, operating your account through your email or cell phone to transfer or deposit money.

3. Make a word web of at least 12 words related to banking.

Question 1.
Make a word web of at least 12 words related to banking.
Answer:

English Workshop:

1. Find from the lesson the antonyms of the following:

Question 1.
Find from the lesson the antonyms of the following:

1. afterwards
2. careful
3. confidently
4. cheerful

Answer:

1. afterwards × beforehand
2. careful × irresponsible
3. confidently × timidly
4. cheerful × sepulchral

2. Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/idiom from the lesson.

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/idiom from the lesson.
Answer:

1. The detective solved the mysterious crime.
2. In the examination, I did not know the answer, so I wrote something.
3. He was dizzy and he shambled into the room.
4. While arguing with his elders he had a fearfully quick temper.
5. The sight of a snake rattles me.
6. As soon as I cross the threshold of my home, I greet my family.

3. Using the following points frame a character sketch of the narrator.

Question 1.
Using the following points frame a character sketch of the narrator. Support each character trait with instances from the lesson:

1. Diffident and timid
2. Unusual behaviour
3. Ignorant about banking
4. Nervous and careless
5. Economical

Answer:
Character sketch of the author:

The author was a diffident and timid person. Everything about the bank made him nervous; in fact, he was so nervous that he did not even know what he was doing and what he was signing. He behaved in an unusual manner, shambling into the bank and talking in a gloomy voice as if he had a secret. It was also unnecessary for him to ask the manager whether he could talk to him alone. He was quite ignorant about banking, and too nervous to seek the right guidance.

He did not know how to open an account or write a cheque correctly. He made careless mistakes because of his overwhelming nervousness. First, he wrote the wrong figure on the cheque. Even after realizing the mistake, he did not attempt to correct it. He was careful in spending his money, and saved enough to keep it in silver dollars in a sock at home.

4. Rewrite the following in indirect speech:

Question (a)
“Can I see the manager?” I said.
“Certainly,” said the accountant.
Answer:
I asked the accountant whether I could see the manager. The accountant replied that I could certainly do so.

Question (b)
Rewrite the following in indirect speech:
“Good morning,” I said and stepped into the safe.
“Come out,” said the manager coldly.
Answer:
I wished the manager a ‘good morning’ and stepped into the safe. The manager coldly ordered me to come out.

Question (c)
Rewrite the following in indirect speech :
…… the words seem to mean, “Let us do this painful thing while the fit is on us.”
Answer:
…….. the words seem to mean that they should do that painful thing while the fit was on them.

Question (d)
“What! Are you drawing it all out again?” he asked in surprise.
“Yes, the whole thing,” I said.
Answer:
He asked me in surprise whether I was drawing it all out again. I replied in the affirmative and confirmed that I was drawing out the whole thing.

Question (e)
“How will you have it?” he said.
“In fifties,” I said.
Answer:
He asked me how I would have it. I replied that I would have it in fifties.

5. Read the statement given below, and write first your views and then the counterview, in two separate passages: ‘Online/Net banking is better than going personally to the bank for transactions.’

Question 1.
Read the statement given below, and write first your views and then the counterview, in two separate passages: ‘Online/Net banking is better than going personally to the bank for transactions.’
Views:
…………………………..
…………………………..
…………………………..

Counterview:
…………………………..
…………………………..
…………………………..
Answer:
View:
Online/Net banking is certainly better than going personally to the bank for transactions. You do not have to wait for banking hours or worry about bank holidays. You do not have to stand in a queue or deal with indifferent staff. With net banking, the service is immediate – when you want it, and where you want it. You can operate your account from anywhere in the world. You will get all the information about your transactions at the click of a button. You can do the banking transactions in the cosy privacy of your home. There is no wastage of any sort, and complete privacy to what you are doing. Yes, net banking is worth it, any day!

Counterview:

Net banking? Certainly not. If you do all your transactions through a cell phone or a computer, where is the personal touch that is so necessary in our lives? No doubt, you may get things instantly, but is this all there is to life? Besides, if you have a problem, can you discuss it with a computer or a phone? And if you think your accounts are secure and private, that is a myth. Any reasonably good hacker will be able to hack the account and siphon off all your money before you have any idea that it has happened. You have to be extremely cautious and knowledgeable about the ins and outs of net banking to do it successfully. How many people do we have in our country who are so proficient? No, give me normal, face-to-face, personalised banking any day.

6. Read the story ‘Lord Emsworth and the Girl Friend’ by P. G. Wodehouse.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 4.4 My Financial Career Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
What makes the narrator nervous at a bank?

OR

Complete the following web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
What word should the writer have avoided in his request to see the manager?
Answer:
The writer should have avoided the word ‘alone’ in his request to see the manager.

Question 2.
Why was the manager alarmed?
Answer:
The manager felt that the writer had some awful secret to reveal. Hence he was alarmed.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentence as a simple sentence :
If I attempt to transact business there, I become an irresponsible idiot.
Answer:
On attempting to transact business there, I become an irresponsible idiot.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you been to a bank? If so, how did you feel about it? If not, would you like to go there?
Answer:
Yes, I have been to a bank, but not alone. I have gone there with my mother, and I was completely confused. She told me to just follow her quietly, and that is what I did! of course, as soon as I am eighteen I will learn all these things and manage my own bank account.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Write whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. The manager was very rude to the narrator in the beginning – False
2. The narrator was one of Pinkerton’s men – False
3. The narrator was not a detective – True
4. The narrator was a young Gould – False

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Who did the manager think his visitor was?
Answer:
The manager thought his visitor was one of Pinkerton’s men.

Question 2.
What was the accountant’s name? What was he asked to do?
Answer:
The accountant’s name was Mr Montgomery. He was asked to deal with the narrator’s business.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find from the lesson the antonyms of the following:
1. withdraw
2. public
Answer:
1. withdraw × deposit
2. public × private

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/idiom from the lesson:
Answer:
There was a huge painting kept neatly at the side of the room.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite using the noun forms of the underlined words:
1. He concluded now that I was the son of Baron Rothschild.
2. I propose to deposit fifty-six dollars now.
Answer:
1. He came to the conclusion now that I was the son of Baron Rothschild.
2. My proposal is to make a deposit of fifty-six dollars now.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Why do you think the manager spoke ‘coldly’ to the narrator?
Answer:
When the narrator said that he wanted to speak to the manager alone, the manager was alarmed because he thought that the narrator was a detective who had come to find out something. When the narrator said that he was not a detective but had come to open an account, the manager thought that he was a very rich man who would deposit a huge amount of money in the bank.

But when the narrator mentioned he wanted to deposit the princely sum of fifty-six dollars, the manager got angry and spoke coldly to him for having wasted his precious time.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the paragraph :
Answer:
I went up to the accountant’s wicket and poked the ball of money at him with a quick, convulsive movement as if I was doing a conjuring trick.

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
What procedure did the author have to follow to open the account?
Answer:
To open an account, the author had to first give the money to the accountant. He then had to write the sum on a slip and sign his name in a book.

Question 2.
What error did the author make in the cheque?
Answer:
The author wrote a cheque for fifty-six dollars instead of six dollars. This was the error.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the words in Column A with the nouns in Column B:

A	B
1. invalid	(a) pale
2. ghastly	(b) millionaire
3. hollow	(c) thing
4. painful	(d) voice

Answer:

1. invalid – millionaire
2. ghastly-pale
3. hollow – voice
4. painful – thing

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/idiom from the lesson.
Answer:
Not having eaten the whole day, I was feeling dizzy, and the classroom swam before my eyes.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentence as a simple sentence, beginning ‘Going …’ ; I went up to the accountant’s wicket and poked the ball of money at him with a quick, convulsive movement.
Answer:
Going up to the accountant’s wicket, I poked the ball of money at him with a quick, convulsive movement.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you feel nervous when you have to go to a strange place and talk to strange people?
Answer:
Yes, I do. I think I should get over this nervousness and learn to be calm and confident. I am trying hard to do so, because I know that this is what is needed in the world today.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Number the sentences correctly in their order of occurrence in the story:
Answer:

1. The clerk prepared to pay the money. [3]
2. I caught the echo of a roar of laughter. [4]
3. I made a wretched attempt to look like a man with a fearful temper. [2]
4. “Are you not going to deposit any mort?” asked the clerk, astonished. [1]

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Did the author correct the error he had made In the cheque?
Answer:
No. he did not.

Question 2.
Why did the author pretend to appear like a bad-tempered man?
Answer:
The officials at the bank were astonished by the writer’s behaviour. The writer was terribly nervous, and he thought that if he could look as If he had been Insulted and was hence withdrawing his money, they might not laugh at him. Hence he pretended to appear like a bad-tempered man.

Question 3.
What decision has the author taken after the episode at the bank?
Answer:
After the episode at the bank, the author has decided that he will not keep his money ¡n a bank any more. He will keep his money in cash in his trouser pocket and his savings in silver dollars in a sock.

Activities based on Vocabulary :

Question 1.
Find from the lesson the antonyms of the following:
1. spending
2. happiness
Answer:
1. spending × saving
2. happiness × misery

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/idiom from the lesson.
Answer:
There was a roar of laughter when the comedian cracked a joke.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Is the author’s last decision wise?
Answer:
No, the author’s last decision is not wise. It is risky to keep money in the trousers pocket or in a sock; the money could be stolen. On the contrary you will get interest on the money if you keep it in a bank.

Simple Activities:

Question 1.
Write two compound words of your own.
Answer:
doorway, moonlight

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘in some alarm’.
Answer:
The man looked at the gun in his friend’s hand in some alarm.

Question 3.
Spot the error and correct the sentence:
The manager being a grave, calm man.
Answer:
The manager was a grave, calm man.

Question 4.
Pick out a gerund from the given sentence and use it in your own sentence:
All the clerks had stopped writing.
Answer:
writing-gerund.
Sentence: The girl began writing very late.

Question 5.
Identify the type of sentence:
Come in here.
Answer:
Imperative sentence

Question 6.
Pick out the word which cannot be formed by using the letters of the given word:
sepulchral-clear, pleas, crease, lurch.
Answer:
crease

Question 7.
Form the present and past participle of a verb in which the last letter is doubled.
Answer:
plan-planned, planning

Question 8.
Write the following words in alphabetical order:
prepared, pocket, painful, presume
Answer:
painful, pocket, prepared, presume

Medium-Level Activities:

Question 1.
Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: write
Answer:
(a) I love to write poems and stories.
(b) We must always try to do the right thing.

Question 2.
“Are you not going to deposit any more?” said the clerk, astonished. (Rewrite using indirect speech.)
Answer:
The clerk asked in astonishment whether I was not going to deposit any more.

Question 3.
I was writing the cheque. (Use the future perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
I shall have written the cheque.

Question 4.
Prepare a word register of four words related to bank.
Answer:
bank – deposit, cheque, passbook, draft, account, withdrawal, credit, cashier, debit.

Challenging Activities:

Question 1.
I went up to the wicket marked ‘Accountant’.
(Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
I went up to the wicket which was marked ‘Accountant’.

Question 2.
“Can I see the manager?” (Pick out the modal auxiliary and state its function.)
Answer:
Can-permission

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 2.5 Autumn Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 2.5 Autumn

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 2.5 Autumn Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:

1. What changes do you see in nature in each of the following seasons? A few sentences are given below as examples. Use these and your own to describe a season appropriately.

• New grass sprouts.
• We see mist in the morning.
• Tender leaves shoot out on plants or trees.
• There are sudden showers and
• Migratory birds return. hailstorms.
• The sun shines brighter than before.
• Trees blossom.

Question 1.
What changes do you see in nature in each of the following seasons? Use the sentences given on textbook page 49 and your own to describe each season appropriately.
Answer:
(a) Summer:

1. Migratory birds return.
2. The sun shines brighter than before.
3. Many trees blossom.
4. Humidity in the air increases.

(b) Winter:

1. We see fog in the morning.
2. Nights become longer and the days shorter.
3. There may sometimes be hail or snow in some places.
4. Humidity levels in the air decrease.

(c) Monsoon:

1. New grass sprouts.
2. Tender leaves shoot out on plants and trees.
3. There are sudden showers and hailstorms.
4. There is the fresh smell of wet earth.

Question a.
Name the six seasons according to the Indian calendar. Which of these seasons is equivalent to Autumn?
Answer:
The six seasons according to the Indian calendar are :
Vasant, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad, Hemant and Shishir. Sharad Ritu is equivalent to Autumn.

Question b.
What changes do we see in the life of human beings when the season changes? Write with reference to their (a) clothes (b) diet
(c) celebrations.
Answer:
(a) clothes :
Points :

1. summer: wear cotton clothes – loose garments – head protection like caps, turbans – open shoes – goggles – long-sleeved shirts, blouses for protection from rays of sun, etc.
2. winter: sweaters, mufflers, closed shoes, sometimes gloves, socks, etc.
3. monsoon : light synthetic clothes – rubber or plastic footwear – umbrellas or raincoats, etc.

(b) diet :
Points :

1. summer : more liquids-fresh fruits and juices – less spice, less oil, light diet, etc.
2. winter : more oil, heavy food – hot food – special types of food which provide warmth – etc.
3. monsoon : only cooked food – boiled water – less liquids – more foods that will give internal warmth, etc.

(c) celebrations :
Points :

1. summer – Many Hindu festivals like Holi, Gudi padva, holidays – harvest festivals – family get-togethers, etc.
2. winter – many weddings, parties – festivals like Diwali, Christmas, New Year, etc.
3. monsoon – many festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi, farmers’ festivals, busy season for farmers, etc.

2. Guess what is personified and fill in the gaps. Choose from the brackets.
(Sun, alarm, bird, car, wind, stars, machine)

Question 1.
Guess what is personified and fill in the gaps with words from the brackets :
(sun, alarm, bird, car, wind, stars, machine) (The answers are given directly.)
(a) The weary ……… was also petrol – hungry.
(b) The playful …….. whistled among the trees.
(c) The annoying ……. screamed at 5 am.
(d) The naughty …….. winked at me from above.
(e) The rising ……. stretched its arms.
(f) The cheerful …… sang as it perched on a tree.
(g) The tireless …….. hummed as it worked hard.
Answer:
(a) The weary car was also petrol-hungry.
(b) The playful wind whistled among the trees.
(c) The annoying alarm screamed at 5 a.m.
(d) The naughty stars winked at me from above.
(e) The rising sun stretched its arms.
(f) The cheerful bird sang as it perched on a tree.
(g) The tireless machine hummed as it worked hard.

English Workshop:

1. Find three lines each, that contain images of nature in the autumn season. ..

Question 1.
Find three lines each, that contain images of nature in the autumn season :
(a) During daytime
1. ……………………..
2. ……………………..
3. ……………………..
(b) At night
1. ……………………..
2. ……………………..
3. ……………………..
Answer:
(a) During daytime :

1. With nodding rice-stems in her hair.
2. And lilies in her face.
3. In flowers of grasses she is clad.

(b) At night :

1. A diadem adorns the night! Of multitudinous stars.
2. Her silken robe is white moonlight.
3. And on her face (the radiant moon).

2. Pick out words from the poem that describe the following. List them in Column ‘A’. Substitute each of those describing words with another word/phrase of the same meaning.

Question 1.
Pick out words from the poem that describe the following. List them in Column A. Substitute each of those describing words with another word/ phrase of the same meaning.
Answer:

	A (Poetic words)	B (Your own words)
1. The Autumn	A maiden fair	A beautiful maiden
2. Stars	Multitudinous	Numerous, Countless
3. Moonlight	White	Silvery
4. Cooing of birds	A bracelet’s tinkling	A musical sound

3. Find one example of each of the following from the poem :
Simile
Metaphor

Question 1.
Simile
Answer:
Simile – Birds greet her with their cooing glad, Like a bracelet’s tinkling sound.

Question 2.
Metaphor
Answer:
Metaphor – The Autumn comes, a fair maiden.

4. Write the rhyme scheme of the poem.

Question 1.
Write the rhyme scheme of the poem.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme is ababcdcd.

5. Think and write in your own words.

Question a.
Why is the maiden Autumn said to wear rice stems in her hair?
Answer:
Probably the harvest of the rice crop is just over at the beginning of Autumn; hence the maiden Autumn is said to wear rice stems in her hair.

Question b.
How can the tender maiden Autumn become a full grown woman? What change in nature does it imply?
Answer:
When the Autumn season is just beginning, Autumn is a tender maiden, young and graceful. As the season progresses and sets in properly, she becomes a full grown, mature woman. It implies that time has passed and the season has changed.

Question c.
Why do you think that birds greet the autumn season gladly?
Answer:
Probably the birds enjoy the cool autumn after the hot summer. They may also get more grains and seeds to eat.

6. Compare the Indian Monsoon season to a powerful king of a prosperous kingdom. Write down a few similarities. Use them to compose a poem of your own.

Question 1.
Compare the Indian Monsoon season to a powerful king of a prosperous kingdom. Write down a few similarities. Use them to compose a poem of your own.
Answer:
(Students may attempt this on their own.)

7. Which is your favourite ‘Nature’ poem from your mother tongue? Write the poem and try to translate it into English. Your translation can be in the form of a poem or a paraphrase.

Question 1.
Which is your favourite ‘Nature’ poem from your mother tongue? Write the poem and try to translate it into English. Your translation can be in the form of a poem or a paraphrase.
Answer:
(Students may attempt this on their own.)

8. Read the ode ‘To Autumn’ by the famous poet John Keats. ‘Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness…’

Question 1.
Read the ode ‘To Autumn’ by the famous poet John Keats. ‘Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness…’

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 2.5 Autumn Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following poem carefully and complete the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

1. Complete the web:
(The answers are underlined directly.)

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What is the cooing of birds compared to?
Answer:
The cooing of birds is compared to the tinkling song of a bracelet.

Question 2.
How does Autumn dress up at night?
Answer:
At night Autumn wears a twinkling crown made of countless stars. Her robe of silk is the white moonlight, set free from the cloudy patches.

Question 3.
Why is Autumn called a ‘maiden fair’?
Answer:
Autumn is said to be slender and graceful. She has adorned herself by having rice-stems in her hair and lilies in her face. She is dressed in flowers of grasses. Hence, she is called a ‘maiden fair’.

Paragraph Format:

In the poem ‘Autumn’, the poet Kalidas has lovingly and picturesquely described the advent of the Autumn season. The original poem in Sanskrit is translated into English by Prof. A. W. Ryder.

The Rhyme Scheme is ababcdcd. A Figure of Speech that stands out is Alliteration: ‘She seems a slender maid, who soon…’. Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘s’. Other figures of speech are Simile and Metaphor.

The poet has compared Autumn to a slender and graceful maiden who has adorned herself in various ways.
The poem is enchanting because of the imagery and the beautiful, imaginative description of Autumn. It shows us the imagination of the poet. Autumn is personified in the entire poem and compared to a slender and graceful maiden.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 4.5 Tansen Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 4.5 Tansen

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 4.5 Tansen Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Question (a)
Indian Classical Music consists of many Ragas. Find out from an expert or from the internet, the names of at least 10 Ragas and the time they are sung to produce greater effect.

Answer:

Name of Raga	Effective when
1. Pahadi	evening
2. Bhairav	sung in the morning
3. Deepak	evening
4. Malkous	small hours of the morning
5. Yaman	sunset to late evening
6. Bhimpalasi	late afternoon to sunset
7. Kedar	late evening to midnight
8. Jog	small hours of the morning
9. Bhairavi	often at the end of a long musical performance.
10. Gaud Malhar	monsoon

(Students can find more information from the Internet.)

Question (b)
Archaic words are those that are no longer used in a language, but sometimes their usage adds a historical or old-times flavour to a piece of writing.
Examples:

1. behold – look
2. afeared – frightened
3. forsooth – indeed
4. hither – this place

Now find out some archaic words from your mother tongue or another language that you are proficient in and write down at least ten of them, and against each, their modern equivalent and meaning in English.

Answer:

Archaic word	Modem equivalent	Meaning in English
1.
2.

(Students can find out from their parents or other elders, and attempt this in their own mother tongue.)

Question (c)
There are many legends about the ‘nine gems’ in Akbar’s Court. Can you name some of the nine gems and the stories associated with them?
Answer:
The nine gems of Akbar’s court were:

1. Abu’l Fazi ibn Mubarak
2. Raja Todar Mai
3. Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana
4. Raja Birbal
5. Mulla Do-Piyaza
6. Faizi
7. Fakir Aziao-Din
8. Tansen and
9. Raja Man Singh I.

There Eire plenty of Akbar-Birbal stories and those of Akbar and Tansen that are famous.
(Students can read these stories either from the library or from the internet.)

English Workshop:

1. Pick out the archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents:

Question 1.
Pick out the archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents:

Answer:

Archaic Words	Modem Equivalents
1. thy	your
2. thine	yours
3. ’twere	it were
4. o’er	over
5. thee	you

2. Write who said the following words, to whom, and when:

Question 2.
Write who said the following words, to whom, and when:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

The expression/sentences	Who said it	To whom	When
1. “Ah, no, to thee I sing: he sings to God.”	Tansen	Akbar	When Akbar asks him to sing the same musical composition that Ostad had sung, in the same way.
2. ‘What theme this is that holds the soul enchanted.’	Akbar	Tansen	When Akbar hears the beautiful musical composition that Ostad had sung.

3. Rearrange the following in their proper order as in the poem. Write the serial number against each line:

Question 1.
Rearrange the following in their proper order as in the poem. Write the serial number against each line:
(The answer is given directly.)
Answer:
(a) The Ostad sang the Malkous Raga enchantingly. [6]
(b) Akbar followed Tansen, dressed miserably. [4]
(c) I request you to sing such a song that I will experience unmatched joy. [9]
(d) Ostad was nowhere to be seen. [8]
(e) O Divine Teacher, please gift us the joy of your song. [5]
(f) One day, the singer sang Deepak Raga in the court. [1]
(g) Akbar expressed his wish to meet the Teacher. [3]
(h) He experienced heavenly delight. [7]
(i) Tansen sings to please the earthly king but Ostad devotes his songs to God. [10]
(j) She sang Raga Malhar, which had a cooling effect. [2]

4. Write the reason in your own words:

Question (a)
Akbar strongly desired to hear Ostad (the teacher) sing.
Answer:
Akbar was enraptured with Tansen’s singing. He said that Tansen’s teacher must be and divine for Tansen to have learnt to sing so magically under his coaching. Akbar then felt that Ostad’s singing would be even better, and so he strongly desired to hear Ostad sing.

Question (b)
Akbar had to dress like a slave.
Answer:
Akbar badly wanted to meet Tansen’s teacher and hear him sing. However, the teacher did not think it worthy to sing to kings, and hence Tansen suggested that it would be better for Akbar to meet him as a poor slave. Therefore Akbar changed his kingly attire and wore the robes of a poor man.

Question (c)
After the song, Ostad had vanished.
Answer:
Ostad vanished because he probably did not; want to hear any praise or any demands for more songs.

Question (d)
Ostad’s song was more elating than Tansen’s songs.
Answer:
Ostad’s song was more elating than Tansen’s songs because Tansen sang to Akbar, a human being, while Ostad sang to God.

5. What message does the poet wish to convey through this narrative poem, ‘Tansen’?

Question 1.
What message does the poet wish to convey through this narrative poem, ‘Tansen’?
Answer:
The poet wishes to convey that one can reach great heights in one’s field if one becomes unworldly and devotes one’s talents to someone or something higher than mere human beings.

6. Summarise the poem in your own words in 8-10 lines, highlighting only the main points.

Question 1.
Summarise the poem in your own words in 8-10 lines, highlighting only the main points.
Answer:

Tansen

Tansen was a singer in Akbar’s court. One day, he sang the Deepak Raga so well that Akbar was enraptured. He wished to meet the teacher at whose feet Tansen had learnt to sing so magically. However, the teacher lived in a remote cave in the Himalayas. He shunned wealth and disdained to sing to earthly kings. Akbar donned the clothes of a slave and went with Tansen to meet him. On their request, Ostad sang the Malkous Raga. It was so enchanting that Akbar felt as if he had been transported to Heaven. Soon after this, Ostad vanished. Akbar asked Tansen whether he could sing the same musical composition that Ostad had sung. Tansen replied that he could not, for he, Tansen, sang to earthly kings, while his Ostad sang to God.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 4.5 Tansen Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Say whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)

1. Akbar was fond of music. True
2. Malhar is the Song of Fire. False
3. Akbar rewarded Tansen for his singing. True
4. Tansen did not come back to normal. False

Question 2.
Write who said the following words, to whom, and when:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Utterance	Who said it	To whom	When
“Mighty thy teacher must be and divine.”	Akbar	Tansen	After hearing the wonderful Deepak Raga.
“He dwells within a cave of Himalay.”	Tansen	Akbar	When Akbar praised Tansen and asked him about his teacher.
“As you desire, Huzoor.”	Tansen	Akbar	When Akbar told Tansen that he wanted to see the teacher and hear him sing.
“O Holy Master, bless us with thy song!”	Akbar and Tansen	The teacher	When they met the teacher in the mountains.

Complex Factual Activity:

Question 1.
How did Akbar reward Tansen for the ecstatic effect of his singing?
Answer:
Akbar rewarded Tansen by praising him, gifting him a lot of jewels and calling him the chief jewel in his diadem.

Question 2.
What happened to Tansen when he sang the Deepak Raga with great fervour?
Answer:
When Tansen sang the Deepak Raga with great fervour, his body burst into flames and burnt like a pyre.

Question 3.
How did he (Tansen) come back to normal again?
Answer:
He(Tansen) came back to normal again when a maiden sang Malhar, the song of cold water, and put out the fire.

Question 4.
What does the incident tell us about Tansen’s singing?
Answer:
The incident tells us that Tansen’s singing was whole-hearted, magical and divine.

Question 5.
What did Tansen tell Akbar about his teacher?
Answer:
Tansen told Akbar that his teacher stayed in a remote cave in the Himalayas, far away from the unworthy crowds, scorning worldly wealth. He did not think it worthy to sing to kings, and hence Tansen suggested that it would be better for Akbar to meet him as a poor slave.

Question 6.
What was the magical effect of Ostad’s rendering the Malkous Raga?
Answer:
When Ostad sang the Malkous Raga, the birds and beasts gathered around, enchanted with the song. Akbar felt waves of heavenly rapture. He felt his soul was enchanted and his heart was filled with delight.

Question 7.
What happened before Akbar could come out of his trance?
Answer:
Ostad had vanished before Akbar could come out of his trance.

Question 8.
Why did Tansen’s singing not produce the same effect as that by Ostad?
Answer:
Tansen’s singing did not produce the same effect as that by Ostad because Tansen sang to Akbar – a human being – while Ostad sang to God.

Activities based on Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming pairs of words in the first six lines.
Answer:
Rhyming words: Court – Fort, bells – tells, gem – diadem.

Question 2.
‘His voice rang like the sound of silver bells.’ Pick out and explain the figure of speech in this line.
Answer:
Simile: His voice is compared to the sound of silver bells, with the use of the word ‘like’.

Question 3.
Pick out the rhyming words in the last six lines of the extract. What is the rhyme scheme?
Answer:
Rhyming words are: slave – cave, feet – sweet, long – song. The rhyme scheme is aa, in rhyming couplets.

Question 4.
Pick out the figure of speech in the sentence:
‘He felt the waves of heavenly rapture roll.’
Answer:
The figure of speech is Alliteration; repetition of the sound of the letter ‘r’.

Point Format (for understanding)

• Title: Tansen
• Poet: Hazrat Inayat Khan
• Rhyme Scheme: The poem is in rhyming couplets. So the rhyme scheme is aa.
• Figure of Speech: Alliteration. ‘Tell me, Tansen, what theme this is that holds’. Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘t’. The other figures of speech are Simile and Inversion.
• Theme/Central idea: This narrative poem depicts Akbar’s appreciation of Tansen’s singing, his meeting with Tansen’s teacher, and what he felt during this meeting. The final lines lead to the climax of the narration.

Paragraph Format:

‘Tansen’ by Hazrat Inayat Khan is a narrative poem depicting Akbar’s appreciation of Tansen’s singing, his meeting with Tansen’s teacher, and what he felt during this meeting. The final lines lead to the climax of the narration.

The poem is in rhyming couplets. So the Rhyme Scheme is aa. A Figure of Speech : Alliteration: ‘Tell me, Tansen, what theme this is that holds’ – Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘t’. The other figures of speech are Simile and Inversion.

The poet wishes to convey that one can reach great heights in one’s field if one becomes unworldly and devotes one’s talents to someone or something higher than mere human beings. The story is told systematically and logically and can be easily understood.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:

1. We find the following in the script of a skit | or play. Rearrange the steps in these proper j order and write them down in the form of a flow chart:

Question 1.
We find the following in the script of a skit | or play. Rearrange the steps in these proper j order and write them down in the form of a flow chart:
Answer:

2. Think of a play/skit which you have seen enacted on the stage and which has impressed you. Write the following details about it.

• Name of the play/skit: ……………………………..
• Important characters: ……………………………..
• Any famous actors/actresses: ……………………………..
• Theme: ……………………………..
• Climax: ……………………………..
• Ending: ……………………………..
• Use of lights and special effects if any: ……………………………..
• Use of background music and sound effects if any: ……………………………..
• Use of sets: ……………………………..
• The costumes, make up, etc. of the characters: ……………………………..
• How well the actors present the play and behave on the stage: ……………………………..
• Your own opinion about the play: ……………………………..

Question 1.
Think of a play/skit which you have seen enacted on the stage and which has impressed you. Write the following details about it:
Answer:
1. Name of the play: Pygmalion (My Fair Lady)
2. Important characters: Professor Henry Higgins, Eliza Dolittle, Colonel Pickering, Mr. Dolittle (Eliza’s father) and Professor Higgins’ mother.
3. Any famous actors/actresses: No. The cast is made up of newcomers.

4. Theme: Bernard Shaw’s ‘Pygmalion’ centres round a bet made by Professor Henry Higgins, a well-know phonetician, with his best friend Colonel Pickering. The professor states that he can change a flower girl’s entire behaviour and speech in such a way that in a few months she can be passed off as a duchess.

5. Climax: The scene between Eliza and Professor Higgins, when she throws away the jewellery he had given her, and they have a grand fight.

6. Ending: An ambiguous ending, left to the imagination of the viewer.
7. Use of lights and special effects, if any: The lights change frequently to depict various scenes and places.

8. Use of background music and sound effects, if any: This is a musical, with superb foot-tapping music and amusing lyrics. The sound effects and background music add authenticity to the market place scene, Eliza’s diction, the Professor’s anger, etc. and are excellent.

9. Use of sets: The sets change appropriately as per the needs of the play. There is not much time wasted in between acts.

10. The costumes, make-up, etc. of the characters: Excellent. The costumes of the early and mid-20th century are entrancing. The big hats with feathers, the lovely gowns, the Professor’s elaborate I suits, etc. are a sight to behold. The make-up is suitable.

11. How well the actors present the play and behave on the stage: The dialogue delivery and the movement of the actors on stage was smooth and flawless. The song-and-dance sequences were enacted perfectly.

12. Your own opinion about the play: An excellent and interesting play, with a classic British sense of humour. The characters portray this sense of humour very well. As a result, every single sentence is worth listening to, and every single song is melodious and meaningful.

3. Present these points in the form of a review, and give it a suitable title.

Question 1.
Present these points in the form of a review, and give it a suitable title.
Answer:

Review of ‘Pygmalion’ Bernard Shaw’s ‘Pygmalion’ centres round a bet made by Professor Henry Higgins, a well-know phonetician, with his best friend Colonel Pickering. The professor states that he can change a flower girl’s entire behaviour and speech in such a way that in a few months she can be passed off as a duchess.

The important characters in the play are Professor Henry Higgins, Eliza Dolittle, Colonel Pickering, Mr. Dolittle (Eliza’s father) and Professor Higgins’ mother. The play has been performed by newcomers, and there are no known names. It is a musical, with superb foot-tapping music and amusing lyrics. The sound effects, sets and use of lights add authenticity to the market place scene, Eliza’s diction, the Professor’s anger, etc. and are excellent.

The climax is the scene between Eliza and Professor Higgins, where she angrily flings the jewellery he had given her, and they have a grand fight, resulting in Eliza walking off from the house. The ending is ambiguous and left to the imagination of the viewer.

The costumes of the early and mid – 20th century are entrancing. The big hats with feathers, the lovely gowns, the Professor’s elaborate suits, etc. are a sight to behold. The dialogue delivery and the movement of the actors on stage is smooth and flawless. The song- and-dance sequences are enacted perfectly.

Overall, an excellent and interesting play, with a classic British sense of humour. The characters portray this sense of humour very well. As a result, every single sentence is worth listening to, and every single song is melodious and meaningful.

4. Prepare a ‘power point’ presentation, using one slide for each of the above points. Present your review in a PPT format in the classroom.

Question 1.
Prepare a ‘power point’ presentation, using one slide for each of the above points. Present your review in a PPT format in the classroom.
Answer:
(Students can prepare the PPT in their Computer labs.)

English Workshop:

1. In the diagram below encircle the various features that make the script of a skit! play. List the other words and mention the form of writing of which it is a feature.

Question 1.
In the diagram below encircle the various features that make the script of a skit! play. List the other words and mention the form of writing of which it is a feature.
Answer:

1. Sender’s address – Part of a letter.
2. Salutation – Part of a letter.
3. Leadline – Part of a news report.
4. Diagram – Part of non-verbal communication.

2. Choose the proper alternative to complete the following:

Question i.
The skit covers a period of about ………………. in the past.
(a) 3000 years
(b) 1000 years
(c) 5000 years
(d) 1800 years
Answer:
(c) 5000 years

Question ii.
…………….. characters from Neel’s ancestral lineage make an appearance in the play.
(a) Fourteen
(b) Seven
(c) Sixteen
(d) Twelve
Answer:
(a) Fourteen

Question iii.
The task that all boys abhorred was ……………. .
(a) cleaning up their room
(b) farm-work
(c) filling up water
(d) making their beds
Answer:
(d) making their beds

Question iv.
The skit conveys that doing your daily chores at home ………………. .
(a) make you stronger
(b) sharpens your intellect
(c) saves a lot of expenses
(d) inculcates a sense of responsibility
Answer:
(d) inculcates a sense of responsibility

3. Fill in the table 

Question 1.
Fill in the table.
Answer:

4. Answer in your own words.

Question a.
What excuses did Neel give to avoid cleaning his room?
Answer:
Neel says that he is going out to meet his friends. He then says that he had cleaned his room just two days earlier. He wonders why it needs to be cleaned daily, for it makes no difference.

Question b.
Why does mother tell Neel about his Grandpa?
Answer:
Mother tells Neel about his Grandpa to make him realize that Grandpa had many more daily chores to finish than him, Neel, and much tougher ones too. He also had to make his bed, just like Neel would have to.

Question c.
What task did Grandpa wish to avoid?
Answer:
Grandpa wished to avoid the task of making his bed.

Question d.
What did the ancestor from 1910 wish to do instead of making his bed?
Answer:
The ancestor from 1910 wished to go to the riverside with his friends instead of making his bed.

Question e.
How many chores did the ancestor from 1800 have to do?
Answer:
The ancestor from 1800 had to do about six chores.

Question f.
How is the boy from 1500s dressed?
Answer:
The boy from 1500s is dressed in a loose, sleeveless, V-neck top and a short dhoti.

Question g.
What chores did the boys from the 1st century CE do on their farms/fields?
Answer:
In the 1st century CE, the boys would feed the poultry, tend to the sheep, keep away the birds and plaster the yard with dung.

Question h.
What did Neel realize from his encounter with his ancestors?
Answer:
From his encounter with his ancestors, Neel realized that at that time teenage boys had chores to do outdoors as well as in their homes. They also had to make their beds.

5. In the play two devices that make use of wheels are given.
The devices are 1. …………….., 2. ………………..
From the internet or other sources, trace the history of the use of the wheel. Write ‘An Autobiography of a Wheel’.

Question a
In the play, two devices that make use of wheels are given. The devices are:
Answer:
The devices are: 1. bicycle, 2. grinders

Question b.
From the internet and other sources, trace the history of the use of the wheel.
(Students can attempt this on their own.)

6. Imagine that the ancestor from 1910 CE visits Neel in his dream. Compose a dialogue between the two about the various gadgets the visitor sees in Neel’s room

Question 1.
Imagine that the ancestor from 1910 CE visits Neel in his dream. Compose a dialogue between the two about the various gadgets the visitor sees in Neel’s room
Answer:

• Neel: Hello! Who are you, Sir?
• Ancestor: I am your great-great-grandfather, Neel. I have heard a lot about your life, and I came to see you. Oh my! What are all these things here?
• Neel: All these things? What things, great, great Grandpa?
• Ancestor: This box here and that one there and this …
• Neel: Oh, this is my TV set and that is my laptop. Haven’t you ever seen these things? This is my mobile phone.
• Ancestor: TV? What is it? And phone – no, no, this is not a phone! Such a tiny thing!
  (Students can continue this conversation in this manner.)

7. Imagine and compare an argumentative dialogue between the mothers of the 2OthJ2lst century and those of the earlier era, about which life was better for women.

Question 1.
Imagine and compare an argumentative dialogue between the mothers of the 2OthJ2lst century and those of the earlier era, about which life was better for women.
Answer:

• 21st Century mother: There’s no question. Your life was certainly better, Rukmini.
• 19th Century mother: Better, Reena? You mean, bending over the old wood stove and the grinding stone was better?
• 21st Century mother: That may have been difficult, Rukmini, but otherwise your life was peaceful. You only had to look after the home and family. While today, we …
• 19th Century mother: ‘Only look after home and family’? That was a full-time job! There were no short cuts like takeaways and ready-made stuff! And what about freedom? The freedom you have!
• 21st Century mother: Freedom with chains! I have to work hard both at home and in the office. I have to be a ‘supermom’ and ‘superboss’! Do you know how terrible it is?
  (Students can continue the dialogue in this manner.)

8. Read the entry about ‘voice’ in the ‘Language Study’ pages. Note that the speeches of all the boys are in the ‘active’ voice. Turn them into passive constructions.
Example:
Neel – I put the dishes in the dishwasher. (active)
Dishes have been put in the dishwasher. (passive)
195 Boy – I have watered the garden
………………………………………..
brought home the groceries
………………………………………..
dusted the living room
………………………………………..
cleaned my bicycle…

9. Think of suitable names for the boys from the earlier centuries.

Question 1.
Think of suitable names for the boys from the earlier centuries.
Answer:
(Some examples: Vitthal, Namdeo, Manu, etc.)

10. Form groups of 5-8. Translate the play into your mother tongue (or Hindi) as a group activity. Enact the translation in the classroom.

11. Read ‘The Story of the Amulet’ by E. Nesbit.

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 2.6 The Past in the Present Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passages carefully and complete the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:

1. Neel puts the dishes in the dishwasher.
2. Neel had cleaned his room two days earlier.
3. Neel forgets to make his bed.
4. Neel’s mother remembers something about his Grandpa.

Question 2.
Write if the following sentences are True or False:
Answer:

1. The 1910s boy was wearing loose trousers and a shirt. False
2. The 1910s boy did many outdoor chores. True
3. The 1800s boy was rude to his mother. False
4. The 1800s boy wanted to play Ashtapada with his friends. False

Question 3.
Name the following:
Answer:

1. The game the 3000 BCE boy wishes to play: Chaupar
2. The yard is plastered with this: dung
3. The game the 100 CE boy wishes to play: Bagh-chal
4. Pots for cooking are made of this: mud

Question 4.
Complete the web :
(The answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:

Activity-based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Write the antonyms of the following:

1. necessary
2. forgot
3. late
4. tougher

Answer:

1. necessary × unnecessary
2. forgot × remembered
3. late × early
4. tougher × easier.

Question 2.
Match the given verbs with the nouns:

A	B
1. fetched	(a) yard
2. cleared	(b) water
3. swept	(c) weeds
4. pulled out	(d) channels
	(e) walls

Answer:

A	B
1. fetched	(b) water
2. cleared	(d) channels
3. swept	(a) yard
4. pulled out	(c) weeds

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs from the brackets:
(fixed, washed, took, chopped)
The 1800s boy ……….. clothes, ………….. wood, ……….. the broken fence and ………….. the goats up to the hills to graze.
Answer:
The 1800s boy washed clothes, chopped wood, fixed the broken fence and took the goats up to the hills to graze.

Question 3.
Give the plurals of:

1. jewellery
2. wood
3. grandfather
4. terrace

Answer:

1. jewellery – jewellery
2. wood – wood
3. grandfather – grandfathers
4. terrace – terraces.

Question 4.
Give the noun forms of the following:

1. recede
2. enter
3. repeat
4. impossible

Answer:

1. recede – recession
2. enter – entry
3. repeat – repetition
4. impossible – impossibility

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:

Question 1.
I have watered the garden.
Answer:
The garden has been watered.

Question 2.
I have brought home the groceries.
Answer:
The groceries have been brought home.

Question 3.
I have dusted the living room.
Answer:
The living room has been dusted.

Question 4.
I have cleaned my bicycle.
Answer:
The bicycle has been cleaned.

Question 5.
Mummy, I collected wood for the stove.
Answer:
Mummy, wood for the stove has been collected.

Question 6.
I fixed the broken fence.
Answer:
The broken fence has been fixed.

Question 7.
Rewrite the sentence in passive voice:
I fed the poultry.
Answer:
The poultry have been fed.

Question 8.
Rewrite using the modal auxiliary for permission:
I need your kind permission to go out and play Chaupar with my friends.
Answer:
May I go out and play Chaupar with my friends?

Rewrite the following sentences as assertive sentences:

Question 1.
Is it necessary to clean up every day?
Answer:
It is not necessary to clean up every day.

Question 2.
What difference does it make?
Answer:
It does not make any difference.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think you should make your bed every day?
Answer:
Yes. In a dusty and tropical country like ours, we have to see that the beds are clean and dust- free. It also feels better to lie down on a clean and fresh bed. So we must make the beds every day.

Question 2.
Do you do any chores in the house? What chores?
Answer:
I dust the furniture every day. I lay and clear the table before and after every meal. I fold clothes and keep them in the cupboard. These are my daily chores, besides keeping my own things like books, shoes, etc. in their proper places.

Question 3.
What do you do when you have to do a chore that you do not like?
Answer:
If I have to do a chore that I don’t like, I first try to see if I can avoid it in some way, like getting someone to do it for me. If it is not a very important chore, like making beds, I ignore it till my mother shouts at me. If it is an important chore that cannot be avoided, I hurry up and do it as fast as I can to get it over with.

Question 4.
Which life would you prefer: your life of today or the life of a teenager in 3000 BCE?
Answer:
I would certainly prefer my life of today. It is more interesting and I have more freedom. Life at any time without the computer, the TV and the mobile phone would have been terribly dull and boring. Oh, yes, life today is much better than it could have been in 3000 BCE.

Add question tags to the following statements:

Question 1.
That’s your daily work.
Answer:
That’s your daily work, isn’t it?

Question 2.
I also chopped the wood.
Answer:
I also chopped the wood, didn’t I?

Complex Factual Activity :

Question 1.
How is the boy from 1500s dressed?
Answer:
The boy from 1500s is dressed in a loose, sleeveless, V-neck top and a short dhoti.

Question 2.
What chores did the boys from 1000 CE do on their farms/fields?
Answer:
The boys from 1000 CE had to fetch water, clear blocked channels, water the crops and pull out the weeds.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice:
I have fetched vegetables from our farm.
Answer:
Vegetables have been fetched from our farm.

Question 2.
Rewrite the following sentence as an assertive sentence:
Don’t talk back.
Answer:
You should not talk back.

Question 3.
What chores did the boys from 1000 CE do on their farms/fields?
Answer:
The boys from 1000 CE had to fetch water, clear blocked channels, water the crops and pull out the weeds.

Simple Activities:

Question 1.
Write two compound words from the lesson.
Answer:
dishwasher, grandfather

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase: pulled out
Answer:
The slave pulled out the thorn from the lion’s paw.

Question 3.
Spot the error in the verb/verbs and correct the sentence:
I wish I had a robot to makes my bed and tidies up my room.
Answer:
I wish I had a robot to make my bed and tidy up my room.

Question 4.
Pick out the infinitive from the given sentence:
You forgot to make your bed.
Answer:
Infinitive – to make

Question 5.
Identity the type of sentence:
Ahhh! Yes! They didn’t have any electric grinders in those days!
Answer:
Exclamatory sentence.

Question 6.
Find out two hidden words from the word:
permission
Answer:
permission – mission, prism (prison, person)

Question 7.
Pick out the verb which forms its past participle with the last letter doubled.
collect, sleep, chop, tell
Answer:
chopped

Question 8.
Write the following words in alphabetical order:
triple, recede, revered, stacked
Answer:
recede, revered, stacked, triple

Medium-Level Activities:

Question 1.
You haven’t cleaned up your room.
(Change the voice starting ‘Your
Answer:
Your room hasn’t been cleaned up.

Question 2.
Use the word ‘right’ in two separate sentences, the word having different meanings (homographs):
Answer:
(a) What you have done is not right.
(b) “Turn to the right,” said the policeman.

Question 3.
I put the dishes in the dishwasher.
(Use the past tense of the verb.)
Answer:
I put the dishes in the dishwasher.

Question 4.
Prepare a word register for clothes.
Answer:
clothes – trousers, shirt, kurta, pyjama, saree, dhoti, kurta, tunic.

Challenging Activities:

Question 1.
Use the word ‘show’ in two separate sentences, once as a noun and once as a verb.
Answer:
(a) The last show ended at midnight, (noun)
(b) “Show me your ticket,” said the doorkeeper. (verb)

Question 2.
If you try you can make such a robot.
(Pick out the clauses.)
Answer:
you can make such a robot – Main Clause If you try – subordinate clause

Working Skills:

Question 1.
Write ‘An Autobiography of a Wheel’.
Answer:
An Autobiography of a Wheel
I am very, very proud of myself, for I am considered to be one of the most important of man’s inventions. Yes, I am the wheel.
It is said that my invention was the turning point in human civilization. Of course, no one knows exactly when I was invented and by whom. As soon as I was invented and perfected, there was a revolution in the manufacturing industry. I was used for everything and by everybody – right from the potter to the assembly line of super-luxury cars. Yes, and planes and helicopters too. I am even used to go into space.

I help human beings and animals to pull things. I make work easy for them. The principle on which I work is the basic principle in many mechanical devices. Many of the things that were invented along with me have been forgotten, but I am accepted and still in demand today, in some form or the other. If I was not there, there would have been no cars, buses, trains or aeroplanes. Or even bullock carts. I know I sound proud, but that is not so. It is only that I know my own worth, and that I will be around as long as the wheel of time turns!

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions Kumarbharati Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Kumarbharati Solutions Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish

English Kumarbharati 9th Solutions Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. How will you react in the following situations?

Question (a)
Your Science teacher tells you plants exposed to the sunlight grow faster than those always in the shade.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: change the location of your plants – disbelieve her, try some experiments, etc.

Question (b)
Your aunt tells you not to go for a job interview because it’s a no moon day, that very same day.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: you ignore her words – you listen to her words – you ask for proof etc.

Question (c)
Your friend argues with you that Mount Everest is not the highest peak in the world.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: you pity his ignorance – you believe him – you look up the internet to check, etc.

Question (d)
A stranger at your door claims to be a magician and promises your mother to turn all her silver jewellery into gold.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Answer:
Points: you slam the door – you call the police – you try to trick him, you give the gold, etc.

2. What do you notice about the following pairs of words?

Question (a)
What do you notice about the following pairs of words?

1. act naturally
2. liquid gas
3. open secret
4. sound of silence
5. sweet sorrow
6. original copy
7. only choice
8. growing smaller

Answer:
They are all contrasting pairs of words used together. Such contrasting pairs of words that go together are called Oxymorons.

Now try to add a contradictory word (Oxymoron) to the following:

Question (a)
What a ……………… mess you’ve got us into!
Answer:
What a wonderful mess you’ve got us into!

Question (b)
It’s a …………… imitation of a diamond necklace.
Answer:
It’s a genuine imitation of a diamond necklace.

Question (c)
My trip to Matheran was a …………. holiday.
Answer:
My trip to Matheran was a working holiday.

Question (d)
With such heavy makeup, she looks ……………. ugly.
Answer:
With such heavy make-up, she looks pretty ugly.

Question (e)
A ……………. crowd gathered to see the magic show.
Answer:
A tiny crowd gathered to see the magic show.

Note:- Contrasting words that go together are examples of the language device called Oxymoron.

English Workshop:

1. The following expressions are a combination of a noun preceded by a describing word.
Replace the describing words with as many others as you can, that go with the underlined nouns.
eg. silly mistake, grave mistake, careless mistake, obvious mistake etc.

Question (a)
fatal mistake
Answer:
silly mistake, grave mistake, careless mistake, obvious mistake.

Question (b)
foreign customs
Answer:
established customs, local customs, traditional customs, age-old customs.

Question (c)
unappetizing diet
Answer:
nutritious diet, healthy diet, unhealthy diet, strict diet, balanced diet, staple diet, vegetarian diet.

Question (d)
plentiful supply
Answer:
sufficient supply, regular supply, continuous supply, irregular supply.

Question (e)
simple device
Answer:
complicated device, expensive device, helpful device, useless device, clever device, ingenious device, safety device.

Question (f)
savage controversy
Answer:
raging controversy, bitter controversy, unending controversy, fierce controversy.

Question (g)
modern technique
Answer:
new technique, conventional technique, advanced technique, simple technique.

Question (h)
foolish custom:
Answer:
quaint custom, ancient custom, Indian custom, accepted custom.

2. Use the following idioms/expressions in sentences of your own.

Question (a)
to be prone to …………………………………
Answer:
We are prone to infections during monsoon.

Question (b)
to have a difference of opinion ………………………
Answer:
If you have a difference of opinion with someone, you must settle it amicably.

Question (c)
to go beyond …………………………….
Answer:
The fight between the two women was going beyond the limits of decent behaviour.

Question (d)
to have a beneficial effect ……………………………………
Answer:
Exercising regularly has a beneficial effect on the body.

Question (e)
to have a bias ………………………………
Answer:
We should not have a bias against foreign ideas.

Question (f)
to undo ……………………………………..
Answer:
“Do not undo all the good that I have done,” said the psychiatrist to the woman.

Question (g)
to be wary of ………………………………..
Answer:
One should be wary of schemes which promise to make one rich overnight.

Question (h)
under the influence ……………………………….
Answer:
He committed the crime when he was under the influence of alcohol.

3. Say ‘WHY’?

Question (a)
One should avoid getting angry about a difference of opinion.
Answer:
One should avoid getting angry about a ; difference of opinion because if one gets angry, it will show that one’s belief is going beyond what the evidence indicates or states.

Question (b)
The writer found his stay abroad very profitable.
Answer:
The writer found his stay abroad very profitable because it helped him to become aware of foreign ideas and customs and diminish the intensity of his insular prejudice.

Question (c)
The writer grew less dogmatic and more open-minded.
Answer:
When the writer was young, he lived for some time outside his country. He became aware of foreign ideas and customs. This made him grow less dogmatic and more open-minded.

Question (d)
Men declaring that they are saints write letters to the writer.
Answer:
The writer is a renowned person. The men who declare themselves as saints want the writer to mention them in his lectures so that they get some free publicity. Hence they write letters to the writer.

Question (e)
The writer claims that all false beliefs need not be replaced by cold science.
Answer:
The writer claims that all false beliefs need not be replaced by cold science because if this is done, the world would lose some of its interest and variety.

4. Make sentences of your own to show the difference of usage of the following words:

Question (a)
1. device
2. devise
Answer:
1. Today, we make use of various devices to help us.
2. Mothers must devise ways of keeping their children out of mischief.

Question (b)
Make sentences of your own to show the difference of usage of the following homophones :
1. advice
2. advise
Answer:
1. It is very easy to give advice but difficult to follow it.
2. The teacher advised the girl not to waste time.

Question (c)
Make sentences of your own to show the difference of usage of the following homophones:
1. practice
2. practise
Answer:
1. Dowry is an evil practice prevalent in India.
2. I have to practise every day if I want to win the dance competition.

5. When a family member is very ill for long, the grandmother of the family urges everyone to send for a person who claims he can cure victims of black magic. Compose a dialogue with her, in which her granddaughter politely convinces her that she should not believe in such things.

Question 1.
When a family member is very ill for long, the grandmother of the family urges everyone to send for a person who claims he can cure victims of black magic. Compose a dialogue with her, in which her granddaughter politely convinces her that she should not believe in such things.
Answer:

• Grandmother: What a situation! Now that you have tried all your fancy modern medicines, listen to me. Call Cureybaba.
• Granddaughter: Who is he? Never heard of him.
• Grandmother: I am certain that your mother is the victim of black magic. Cureybaba will cure her. You saw him at our neighbour’s house a few days back. He is bald and …
• Granddaughter: Grandma, for Heavens Sake! Mom was ill, no doubt, but her illness has been diagnosed and it is easily curable! There are plenty of medicines in the market.
• Grandmother: She’s been ill for so long now! Granddaughter: Oh, Grandma, only for two months! The diagnosis took long.
• Grandmother: Cureybaba will cure her in one sitting.
• Granddaughter: Listen, Granny dear, these people are all frauds. If your Cureybaba was so good, why doesn’t he get some hair on his head – we know he wears a wig – or cure his horrible cough? Why doesn’t he cure his own mother who is so ill? And has he cured that poor little girl next door? No, he hasn’t. He’s a fraud, Granny.
• Grandmother: But … but, ……….
• Granddaughter: Granny, there’s no such thing as black magic. You know that full well. You have seen enough of these ‘babas’ being exposed. Then why ………….
• Grandmother: Oh, OK. If you say your mother’s 5 illness can be cured by modern medicines easily, I will forget Cureybaba and black magic. Now that I come to think of it, our other neighbour was telling me how he cheated somebody the other day ……….
• Granddaughter: There you are, Granny!

6. List the various ways of avoiding error 1 mentioned in the passage.

Question 1.
List the various ways of avoiding error 1 mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The various ways of avoiding error are:

1. make observations yourself
2. make yourself aware of your bias
3. be on your guard when you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion.

7. Answer the following questions:

Question (a)
If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If an opinion contrary to my own makes me angry, it indicates that I am subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as I do.

Question (b)
What are the most savage controversies about?
Answer:
The most savage controversies are about ! those matters as to which there is no good evidence either way.

Question (c)
What are the benefits of travel?
Answer:
Travelling helps you to become aware of foreign ideas and customs. You begin to accept them and get rid of your own narrow outlook.

Question (d)
Is the influence of foreign customs always beneficial?
Answer:
No, not always. Very often, the influence of foreign customs can be harmful and we must be cautious while following them.

Question (e)
What are the advantages of an imaginary argument with a person having a different bias?
Answer:
The advantage of an imaginary argument with a person having a different bias is that it is not subject to the limitations of time and space. One can have this argument at any time and at any place.

Question (f)
Why should one be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem?
Answer:
One should be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem because there may be opinions with abundant evidence to prove the exact opposite to what one believes.

Question (g)
How does fear lead us to error?
Answer:
Fear leads us to error by making us do things like inventing rumours of disaster in wartime, imagining objects of terror, such as ghosts, or by creating belief in something comforting, like the elixir of life, or heaven for ourselves and hell for our enemies.

Question (h)
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage is to try to conquer fear.

8. What is the meaning of ‘intellectual rubbish’?

Question 1.
What is the meaning of ‘intellectual rubbish’?
Answer:
This is an oxymoron, where the writer has used contrasting or contradictory words that go together. The writer uses the phrase to describe all false beliefs, baseless opinions, dogmatism, fears and superstitions of various kinds. People follow certain beliefs, ideas and customs without inquiring into their validity. Sometimes, many of these beliefs and customs lead to evil and suffering in the world.

9. Find the opposites of the following:

Question 1.
Find the opposites of the following:

1. cautious
2. dogmatic
3. contrary
4. savage
5. beneficial
6. reasonable
7. hypothetical
8. cruelty
9. immune

Answer:

1. cautious × reckless (incautious)
2. dogmatic × open-minded
3. contrary × same
4. savage × mild
5. reasonable × unreasonable
6. hypothetical × real
7. beneficial × harmful
8. cruelty × kindness/compassion
9. immune × vulnerable

10. Write an imaginary dialogue contesting opposite views on a topic of your choice, e.g. ‘Girls should learn to do all the housework and not boys.’

Question 1.
Write an imaginary dialogue contesting opposite views on a topic of your choice, e.g. ‘Girls should learn to do all the housework and not boys.’
Answer:

• Topic: Girls should learn to do all the housework and not boys
• Myself: Mom, what is this? Why should I learn to do the housework, and not Rohan?
• Mom: You are a girl. Girls have to look after the ! house.
• Myself: Why? Don’t boys live in a house?
• Mom: A woman can look after a home better than a man.
• Myself: That’s ancient history, Mom! Haven’t you heard of something called gender equality?
• Mom: These new-fangled notions of yours!
• Myself: And these notions of only girls having to do housework are all man-made. Look at the west – men and women both do housework. (… and so on. Students can complete this imaginary dialogue.)

(Some topics for imaginary dialogues: should school students be permitted to bring cell phones to school/should coaching classes be banned/should the weight of school bags be monitored/should there be entrance exams for professional courses/should i there be uniforms in schools and colleges.)

English Kumarbharati 9th Digest Chapter 4.3 Intellectual Rubbish Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following statements:
Answer:

1. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake.
2. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, you must make the observation yourself.
3. Many matters are less easily brought to the test of experience.
4. Most of mankind has passionate convictions on many matters.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What erroneous notion did Aristotle have? What does his example convey to you?
Answer:
Aristotle had the erroneous notion that women had fewer teeth than men, when in fact he didn’t verily it. His example conveys to us that we must be cautious. We must not think that we know something for sure till we make the observation ourselves.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Underline the pronouns in the following sentence:
I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do.
Answer:
I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do.

Question 2.
Rewrite the sentence replacing the gerund with an infinitive:
Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake.
Answer:
To think that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake.

Personal Response:

1. What do you feel when:

Question (a)
Someone opposes your strong belief.
Answer:
I generally get angry but later on I think about it and try to analyse the whole issue.

Question (b)
Someone insists that 2 + 2 = 5.
Answer:
I merely laugh at him/her or feel pity at his/her ignorance.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Write if the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. The writer lived in many countries in his youth – True
2. It was a Chinese custom for the women to have small feet – True
3. The Manchus followed the Chinese custom – True
4. Travelling increases the intensity of insular prejudice – False

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
How can you prevent yourself from developing a dogmatic attitude?
Answer:
You can prevent yourself from developing a dogmatic attitude by becoming aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own.

Question 2.
List the various ways of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The various ways of avoiding error are:
1. become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own
2. travel, and if you cannot, seek out people with whom you disagree and talk to them.

2. Use the following idioms/expressions in a sentence of your own.

Question 1.
to become aware of:
Answer:
I became aware of the bear only when it growled loudly.

Question 2.
Find the opposites of the following :
1. diminishing
Answer:
1. diminishing × increasing

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Replace the gerund in the following sentence with an infinitive:
It is a good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism.
Answer:
It is a good way to rid yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism.

Question 2.
Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer:
This reflection should generate a certain caution.
Answer:
What should generate a certain caution?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think that traveling helps us to become more tolerant and understanding?
Answer:
Yes, it certainly does. It shows us the way different people live, their ideas and customs, the difficulties they face and the way they solve these difficulties. It gives us a much broader view of life.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following web:
Answer:

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage is to have imaginary arguments with people having different bias.

Activities based on Vocabulary.

Question 1.
good plan
Answer:
cunning plan, thoughtful plan, well-made plan, secret plan, master plan, career plan.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. (Rewrite the sentence beginning ‘Imagining
Answer:
Imagining an argument with a person having a different bias is a good plan.

Question 2.
You may never meet anyone who holds this opinion. (Rewrite the sentence as a simple sentence.)
Answer:
You may never meet anyone with/having this opinion.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you ever had an imaginary argument with anyone?
Answer:
Yes. I often have an imaginary argument with my mother. In my imagination, she asks me why have got peor marks in some particular subject and I reply. Then she says something else and I counter that one as well. We argue. I Imagine what she well say and provide the answers.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:

1. Be wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem.
2. We are all persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others.
3. We try to show that the merits possessed b our nation are really important ones.
4. We think that the demerits of our own country are comparatively trivial.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What two examples does the writer give to those who have opinions that flatter their self-esteem?
Answer:
The writer says that if a man points out that most poets and men of science are male, a woman can say that most criminals are also male. The second example he gives is that of general human conceit. For this, we need to remind ourselves that other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to Jelly-fish.

Question 2.
What is the only way to tackle such self-pride?
Answer:
The only way to tackle such self-pride is to remind ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet In a little corner of the universe, and that other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourseLves as we are to Jelly-fish.

Question 3.
Why should one be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem?
Answer:
One should be wary of opinions that flatter one’s self-esteem because there may be opinions with abundant evidence lo prove the exact opposite to what one believes.

Question 4.
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage Is to be wary of opinions that hatter your self-esteem.

Use the following Idioms/expressions in sentences of your own….,

Question 1.
to deal with:
Answer:
The lawyer had to deal with a large number of court cases.

Question 2.
Give the noun forms of the following:

1. flatter
2. abundant
3. rational
4. argue

Answer:

1. flatter – flattery
2. abundant – abundance
3. rational – rationality
4. argue – argument

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences adding question tags:
1. The question is inherently insoluble.
2. Self-esteem conceals this from most people.
Answer:
1. The question is inherently insoluble, isn’t it?
2. Self-esteem conceals this from most people, doesn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think that there are living beings superior to man in other parts of the universe?
Answer:
Yes, I do. The universe is so huge. There is probably a whole lot of life elsewhere that is superior to us. There may also be a lot of life inferior to us, too. We should not make the mistake of thinking that ; we are the greatest.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Write whether the following statements are Right or Wrong:
Answer:

1. Fear has many forms. Right
2. Fear operates directly and indirectly. Right
3. You must never admit your own fears to yourself. Wrong
4. We can become wise only when we conquer fear. Right

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What two evils does fear lead to? How can one overcome fear?
Ans.
Two evils that fear leads us to are superstition and cruelty. One can overcome fear by firstly admitting one’s own fears to oneself and then guarding oneself against their myth-making power.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What two evils does fear lead to? How can one overcome fear?
Answer:
Two evils that fear leads us to are superstition and cruelty. One can overcome fear by firstly admitting one’s own fears to oneself and then guarding oneself against their myth-making power.

Question 2.
How does fear lead us to error?
Answer:
Fear leads us to error by making us do things like inventing rumours of disaster in wartime, imagining objects of terror, such as ghosts, or by creating belief in something comforting, like the elixir of life, or heaven for ourselves and hell for our enemies.

Activity-based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B:

A	B
1. specific	(a) effort
2. vague	(b) terrors
3. difficult	(c) beliefs
4. religious	(d) fear

Answer:

1. specific – terrors
2. vague – fear
3. difficult – effort
4. religious – beliefs.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Fear is the main source of superstition. (Rewrite beginning ‘It is ……………)
Answer:
It is fear that is the main source of superstition.

Question 2.
Until you have admitted your own fears to yourself, you cannot hope to think about other matters. (Rewrite using ‘only when
Answer:
Only when you have admitted your own fears to yourself, can you hope to think about other matters.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What are the things you are afraid of?
Answer:
I am generally afraid of things regarding my education. I am afraid that I will not do well in my j exams and not get a seat in the college of my choice. I am also afraid that I will be separated from my friends and will not be able to make new friends at a new place. I will be lost without friends.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:
1. Primitive magic has the purpose of securing safety either by injuring enemies or by protecting oneself by talismans, spells or incantations.
2. Neither a man nor a crowd nor a nation can be trusted to act humanely or to think sanely under the influence of a great fear.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What is the aim of primitive magic?
Answer:
The aim of primitive magic is to secure safety, either by injuring enemies or by protecting oneself by talismans, spells or incantations.

Question 2.
What are the two ways of avoiding fear?
Answer:
The two ways of avoiding fear are:
1. by persuading ourselves that we are immune from disaster and
2. by the practice of sheer courage.

Question 3.
Write down the way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
The way of avoiding error mentioned in the passage is to avoid fear in various ways.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Use the following idioms/expressions in sentences of your own.
1. at a certain point
Answer:
1. Rhea realised at a certain point during the argument that it was better to keep quiet.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Poltroons are more prone to cruelty than brave men, and are also more prone to superstition.
(Rewrite using not only … but also…….)
Answer:
Poltroons are not only more prone to cruelty than brave men, but also more prone to superstition.

Question 2.
Science has now lessened the belief in magic.
(Pick out the verb and state its tense.)
Answer:
has lessened – present perfect tense.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
How do you try to overcome your fears?
Answer:
I try to overcome my fears by telling my parents and friends about them and getting their advice and support. I also pray to God and this helps me the most.

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Write whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. Superstitions sometimes add to the gaiety of life. True
2. The writer used to give lectures. True
3. The ‘prophetess’ walked on water successfully. False

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
How did the prophetess befool her believers?
Answer:
The prophetess announced to her numerous | followers that she possessed the power of walking on water, and that she proposed to do so at 11 o’clock on a certain morning. On that day, she asked them whether they were all convinced that she could walk on water. When they replied in the affirmative, she said that then there was no need for her to prove herself. Thus she fooled her believers.

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences as compound sentences:
1. Although I did not enroll myself among his worshippers, his letter gave me pleasure.
2. I received once a communication from the god Osiris, giving me his telephone number.
Answer:
1. I did not enroll myself among his worshippers but his letter gave me pleasure.
2. I received once a communication from the god Osiris and he gave me his telephone number.

Simple Activities:

Question 1.
Write two compound words from the lesson.
Answer:
steamboat, self-esteem

Question 2.
Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘of great importance’.
Answer:
It is of great importance to understand the rules of the land.

Question 3.
Spot the error and correct the sentence:
Fear have many forms – fear of death, fear of the dark, etc.
Answer:
Fear has many forms-fear of death, fear of the dark, etc.

Question 4.
Pick out a gerund from the given sentence:
You may never have an opportunity of meeting anyone who has this opinion.
Answer:
meeting – gerund

Question 5.
Identify the type of sentence:
Mahatma Gandhi deplored railways and steamboats.
Answer:
Assertive sentence

Question 6.
Find out two hidden words from the given word : hypothetical
Answer:
hypothetical – poetic, poetical (topic, topical).

Question 7.
Form the present and past participle of a verb in the lesson in which the last letter is doubled.
Answer:
admit-admitted, admitting

Question 8.
Write the following words in alphabetical order:
dogmatism, dominion, deplored, device.
Answer:
deplored, device, dogmatism, dominion.

Medium-Level Activities:

Question 1.
Use the word ‘spell’ in two separate sentences, the word having different meanings (homographs).
Answer:
(a) “Be sure that you spell every word correctly,” said the teacher.
(b) The witch was angry and cast a spell over the princess.

Question 2.
She announced to her numerous followers that she possessed the power of walking on water.
(Rewrite using direct speech.)
Answer:
She announced to her numerous followers, “I possess the power of walking on water.”

Question 3.
The rational man will admit that there is no right answer.
(Use the future perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
The rational man will have admitted that there is no right answer.

Question 4.
Science has now lessened the belief in magic.
(Change the voice beginning ‘The belief. ’.)
Answer:
The belief in magic has now been lessened by science.

Challenging Activities:

Question 1.
Although I did not enroll myself among his worshippers, his letter gave me pleasure. (Pick out the clauses and identify the type of sentence.)
Answer:
his letter gave me pleasure – main clause
Although I did not enroll myself among his worshippers – subordinate clause. Complex sentence

Question 2.
Use the two words ‘evidence’ and ‘opinion’ in a single sentence of your own.
Answer:
In the opinion of the judge, the evidence was false.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 English Solutions