Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Civics Solutions Chapter 2 The Indian Parliament Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 The Indian Parliament Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

The Indian Parliament Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 2 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 The Indian Parliament System Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct option.

Question 1.
Candidates to the Lok Sabha are elected through ……….. .
(a) Territorial constituencies
(b) Religious constituencies
(c) Local bodies
(d) Proportional Representation System
Answer:
(a) Territorial constituencies

Question 2.
The ………….. of India is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
(a) President
(b) Vice-President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Chief Justice
Answer:
(b) Vice-President

2. Find and write. 

Question 1.
Members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are known as ……………….. .
Answer:
Members of Parliament (MPs)

Question 2.
The responsibility of making laws is with the ……………… .
Answer:
Parliament

3. Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
Rajya Sabha is a permanent House.
Answer:

1. The tenure of the members of Rajya Sabha does not get over at the same time.
2. 1/3rd of the total membership of Rajya Sabha retire after every two years and equal number of new members get elected.
3. Because the limited members of Rajys Sabha retire step by step, it can function continuously.
   Since Rajya Sabha is never dissolved completely it is called a permanent House.

Question 2.
Lok Sabha is known as the first House.
Answer:

1. Lok Sabha is the lower and the first House of the Parliament of India.
2. Lok Sabha is the House of Representatives directly elected by the people. Hence, Lok Sabha is known as the first House.

4. Answer the following in 25 to 30 words:

Question 1.
How are members of the Lok Sabha elected?
Answer:

1. As per the Constitution, there can be a maximum of 552 members in Lok Sabha.
2. General elections to Lok Sabha are held after every five years and members are directly elected by the people.
3. To ensure equal representation to all sections of the community, some seats are reserved for members belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
4. In case there are no representation from the Anglo-Indian community, the President can appoint two members from this community to the Lok Sabha.
5. Thus, Lok Sabha is the representative body of the citizens of India.

Question 2.
Explain the functions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
The functions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha are :

1. To conduct the business of the House in an unbiased manner.
2. To take care of the rights and privileges of the members of Lok Sabha.
3. To interpret the rules of daily functioning of the House and work accordingly.
4. To maintain the decorum and dignity of the House.

5. Explain the step involved in the lawmaking process.

Question 1.
Parliament :
Answer:

1. The Legislature at the national level is called the Parliament.
2. It consists of the President and two houses, i.e., the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
3. Though the President is an inseparable part of the Parliament, he/she cannot participate in the discussions in either of the Houses of the Parliament.
4. The Constitution of India has created the Parliament.

Question 2.
Amendment to the Constitution :
Answer:

1. According to the changing times, certain necessary changes have to be made in some laws. The process of making such changes is called Amendment.
2. Only the Parliament has the right to make such amendments to the Constitution.
3. The Constitution amendment bill is considered to be an important bill.
4. The Parliament discusses why the amendment is required and decides whether to accept it or not.

Question 3.
Members of Parliament :
Answer:

1. The members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are known as Members of Parliament (MPs).
2. The members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people.
3. The members of Rajya Sabha are elected from the constituent States and Union Territories.
4. MPs try to resolve the queries and complaints of their constituencies by raising questions in the Parliament.
5. MPs also participate in the process of formulation of laws.
6. The Government allocates funds to MPs to carry out development activities in their constituencies.

Question 4.
Bill of Law:
Answer:

1. At the initial stage of lawmaking process, a rough draft of the law is prepared.
2. This rough draft or outline is known as ‘draft proposal of the law’ or ‘bill of law’.
3. The Bill clearly mentions the objectives and the details of the proposed law.
4. Every bill has to undergo three readings in both the Houses, and then it is put to vote.

Can you find out?

For the purpose of elections, the State is divided into territorial constituencies. The constituent States in India get seats on the basis of their population. For e.g.

• Maharashtra – 48 seats
• Gujarat – 26 seats
• Madhya Pradesh – 29 seats
• Goa – 02 seats
• Uttar Pradesh – 80 seats

Understand It:
(The gist of the conversation held between Mazy, Radhika, Ran veer and others.)

1. Any Indian citizen who has completed 18 years of age is only eligible to vote.
2. An Indian citizens who has completed 25 years of age can contest for Lok Sabha election.
3. A citizen of India can contest for election from any constituency of any State.
4. Citizens of other countries cannot contest for elections of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
5. Just as there are set criteria for qualifying for election, there are set criteria for disqualification as well.

Rights regarding passing of Bills:

1. Though Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha have same set of rights, Lok Sabha has certain rights which are not available for Rajya Sabha.
2. Bills related to finance (Money Bills) and such other bills are first introduced and passed in Lok Sabha.
3. Rajya Sabha has limited powers with respect to money bills.
4. Rajya Sabha can pass a resolution on the subject in the State List.

Can you tell?

Certain laws which become out-of-date (obsolete) are abolished. Can you give examples of such obsolete laws? For example, Privy purses.

Know this too:

1. Every year, on 1 February the Union Finance Minister presents the national budget to the Lok Sabha. Previously, it was presented on 28 February.
2. The State Legislatures also follow the same procedure of law making as in the Parliament.
3. The bill passed can become a law only after it is signed by the President at the Union level and by the Governor at the State level.

Project:

The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. Collect information on what are the criteria for their selection.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 The Indian Parliament Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
…………….. is the upper House of the Parliament.
(a) Legislative Assembly
(b) Lok Sabha
(c) Rajya Sabha
(d) Legislative Council
Answer:
(c) Rajya Sabha

Question 2.
The …………… of India has created the Parliament of India.
(a) Legislature
(b) Executive
(c) Constitution
(d) British Law
Answer:
(c) Constitution

Question 3.
1/3rd members of total membership of Rajya Sabha, who have completed their tenure of six years, retire after every ……………….. years.
(a) two
(b) four
(c) five
(d) six
Answer:
(a) two

Question 4.
If ……………….. feels that the Parliament should make a law of the subject in the state list, it can pass a resolution to that effect.
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) Executive
(d) President
Answer:
(b) Rajya Sabha

Question 5.
Every year in the month of February, the ………….. presents the national budget to the Lok Sabha.
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Finance Minister
(d) Speaker
Answer:
(c) Finance Minister

Question 6.
The President appoints ……………….. distinguished personalities to the Rajya Sabha.
(a) two
(b) eight
(c) fifteen
(d) twelve
Answer:
(d) twelve

Find and write:

Question 1.
……………. represent the Lok Sabha.
Answer:
The Speaker

Question 2.
The bill passed by the State legislature becomes a law after it is signed by the ………….. .
Answer:
Governor

Question 3.
The House that gives representation to 29 States and 7 Union Territories is ………………. .
Answer:
Rajya Sabha

Complete the following Concept maps:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
The Chairman of Rajya Sabha :
Answer:

1. The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
2. He exercises a control over the functioning of Rajya Sabha.
3. Maintaining discipline in the House is the function of the Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
4. He also has the responsibility of facilitating discussions in the House by giving members a chance to speak, etc.

Question 2.
Speaker of Lok Sabha :
Answer:

1. The speaker is elected in the very first meeting after the election of Lok Sabha.
2. The members of Lok Sabha elect one member among them as the Speaker.
3. Lok Sabha functions under the guidance and control of the Speaker.
4. It is the responsibility of the speaker to conduct the business of the House in an unbiased manner.
5. The Speaker has to maintain decorum and dignity of the House.
6. Moreover, he has to interpret the rules and work accordingly.

Question 3.
Control over Council of Ministers :
Answer:

1. Council of Ministers are drawn from the Parliament and hence Parliament exercises control over them.
2. The members of Parliament exercise this control through multiple ways.
3. It is the responsibility of the Parliament to see that the Council of Ministers does not disregard the Parliament.
4. In case the Lok Sabha passes a no-confidence motion against the Council of Ministers, it has to resign.

Answer the following in 25 to 30 words :

Question 1.
Write about Lok Sabha elections.
Answer:

1. Since Lok Sabha is a House of people’s representatives, elections are held after every five years.
2. Elections to Lok Sabha which are held every five years are known as General elections.
3. When Lok Sabha is dissolved before the completion of five years and elections are held, such elections are called mid- term elections.
4. When a member resigns or dies suddenly, election held for such a seat is called by-election.

Question 2.
Explain the composition of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
The composition of Rajya Sabha is as follows :

1. The total membership of Rajya Sabha is 250 members.
2. Amongst them, 238 members are elected from the constituent states and Union Territories.
3. Remaining twelve members, who are distinguished personalities from the fields of literature, arts, science, sports and social work, are appointed by the President.
4. The members of Rajya Sabha are elected through the system of proportional representation.

Question 3.
Explain the functions of the Parliament.
Answer:
In order to achieve welfare of the people and the objectives of the 8 Constitution, the Parliament has to perform 8 following functions :

1. To formulate new laws and to repeal the outdated laws.
2. To make necessary changes in the existing laws.
3. To amend the Constitution wherever necessary.
4. To keep control over Council of Ministers.

Question 4.
Mention the ways of amending the Constitution.
Answer:
The Constitution can be amended in following ways :

1. Few provisions in the Indian Constitution can be amended by simple majority.
2. Some provisions require special (2/3rd) majority of the Parliament.
3. Few other provisions can be amended by special majority plus consent from more than half of the constituent states.

Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
Though Lok Sabha is the Lower House, it is more powerful than Rajya Sabha.
Answer:

1. Since members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people, it represents the people of the nation in the true sense.
2. Money bills related to financial matters are presented in Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha has very limited powers with respect to Money Bills.
3. Since the total membership of Lok Sabha is more than Rajya Sabha, it always gets an upper hand when decisions are taken in the joint meeting of both the Houses.
4. Only Lok Sabha can pass a no-confidence motion against the Council of Ministers.

Hence, though Lok Sabha is the lower House, it is more powerful than Rajya Sabha.

Answer the following questions in details:

Question 1.
Explain the steps involved in the law-making process.
Answer:
The Bill undergoes following process in order to be converted into a Law (Act).
1. First reading :

• The minister of the concerned department/ministry or member of the Parliament presents the bill in the House.
• The objectives and the structure of the Bill are mentioned.

2. Second reading :

• The positive and negative points of the bill are discussed.
• The defects and faults in the bill are stressed.
• After removing the defects and the faults, the bill is put to vote.

3. Committee Stage :

• Sometimes, if required, the Bill is sent to the committee of the House.
• The Bill is discussed in the Committee in details.
• The Committee report consisting of instructions and recommendations is sent to the House.
• The Bill is discussed clause by clause and then voting is taken.

4. Third reading :

• The Bill is once again discussed in the House.
• Voting is taken for approving the Bill.

5. Approval of the other House :

• The Bill has to undergo the same procedure even in the other House.
• The Bill is approved by majority.

6. Assent by the President :

• After getting an approval from both the Houses, the Bill is further sent for assent by the President.
• After the final assent and signature of the President, the Bill is converted into Law.

Question 2.
Distinguish between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on the basis of following points:
1. Number of members
2. Age limit
3. Election
4. Tenure
Answer:

Points	Lok Sabha	Rajya Sabha
1. Number of members	Maximum 552 members	Total 250 members.
2. Age limit	25 years	30 years
3. Election	Directly elected by the people	238 members elected from the constituent states and Union Territories. 12 members appointed by the President.
4. Tenure	5 years	Permanent House. Tenure of every member is 6 years.

Question 3.
Why, according to you, the Constitution must have granted the President, the right to appoint twelve members to the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
1. The President appoints twelve members to the Rajya Sabha. These members are usually experienced and distinguished personalities from the fields of literature, arts, science, sports and social service.

2. Such personalities are very active and totally devoted to their respective fields. Hence, they have no time for contesting the elections.

3. They keep themselves away from election procedures like campaigning, conducting meetings, etc. So their election to the Parliament is not possible.

4. But, to derive benefit from their profound knowledge and experience for making of laws, their presence in the Parliament is essential.
Therefore, I feel that the Constitution has granted the President, the right to appoint twelve members to the Rajya Sabha.

8th Std Civics Questions And Answers:

• Introduction to the Parliamentary System Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Indian Parliament Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Union Executive Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Indian Judicial System Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The State Government Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• Bureaucracy Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 10 Cold War Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 12 History Chapter 10 Question Answer Cold War Maharashtra Board

Class 12 History Chapter 10 Cold War Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 12 Chapter 10 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1.
The headquarters of SEATO were located at ___________
(a) Thailand
(b) the Philippines
(c) Pakistan
(d) the United Kingdom
Answer:
(a) Thailand

Question 2.
A fund named ‘Africa Fund’ was raised at ___________ for providing necessary aid to neighbouring nations of South Africa.
(a) Jakarta
(b) Harare
(c) Namibia
(d) Indonesia
Answer:
(b) Harare

2A. Write the names of historical places/persons/events.

Question 1.
On 30th June 1977, this organisation ceased to exist –
Answer:
SEATO

Question 2.
The idea of Commonwealth games was introduced by –
Answer:
Reverend Astley Cooper

2B. Choose the correct reason from those given below and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
No country was included in the ANZUS treaty except Australia, New Zealand, and the United States of America ___________
(a) they did not want to let the United Kingdom and France have an upper hand
(b) it was a military pact
(c) it was a secret pact
(d) it was a pact only among countries with friendly relations
Answer:
(a) they did not want to lot the United Kingdom and France to have an upper hand

3. Complete the concept map.

Question 1.

Answer:

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Cold War.
Answer:

• Definition: The tussle between Capitalist nations and Communist nations for power and ideological influence, which began after the Second World War is referred to as the ‘Cold War.
• Walter Lippmann, an American political columnist was the first to use the term ‘Cold War’.
• ‘Cold War’ is characterized by the following factors –
  • No Direct War.
  • The intense race for armament.
  • Aggressive Political Policies.
  • Mutual lack of Faith among Nations.
  • Political and Economic Pressurisation.
  • Ideological Conflict.
• The aftermath of the Second World War created conditions leading to the Cold War.
• England and France lost their primary positions in world politics.
• During the world war, Russia gained prominence in Eastern Europe while America, England, and France gained prominence in Western Europe.
• The Eastern European nations under the influence of Soviet Russia adopted communist ideology while the Western European nations under the influence of America adopted capitalist ideology and democratic system. This situation caused the emergence of the ‘Cold War.

Question 2.
Non- Alignment Movement.
Answer:

• After the Second World War, India decided not to join either Russia or America. India adopted the policy of development by its own efforts and shape its own strategies leading towards peace. This policy is known as the ‘NAM-Non Alignment Policy’.
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Sukarno (Indonesia), Nkrumah (Ghana), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), and Marshal Tito (Yugoslavia) were the architects of the concept ‘NAM’.
• The nations, which adopt an independent foreign policy based on the concept of peaceful co-existence, support other nations in their independence struggle, and do not involve themselves in the military agreements or bilateral treaties with the superpowers is known as ‘Non-Aligned Nations’.
• Non-Alignment is a concept concerned more with progress and peace than war and poverty, so it is positive.

5. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
CENTO became non-operational.
Answer:

• CENTO stands for Central Treaty Organisation.
• CENTO earlier known as the ‘Baghdad Pact’ or Middle East Treaty Organisation (METO) is a treaty among four nations namely, Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, and England.
• This treaty was signed on 24th February 1955. Iraq joined later.
• America started providing the member nations of CENTO economic and military aid.
• America feared that if Soviet Russia attacked any of the member nations, then all member nations should fight it collectively.
• But in reality, none of the member nations had the military capacity to fight.
• Except for the United Kingdom, the rest of the three were in need of military and technological aid but America was too involved to pay attention to their need.
• Hence, the other members of CENTO were not satisfied. They wanted to withdraw from the treaty and act independently.
• Iran and Pakistan withdrew from the treaty and hence CENTO became non-operational.

Question 2.
SAARC has achieved success in some fields.
Answer:

• SAARC has achieved success in some fields for e.g. a centre for the dissemination of agro-related information was started in Bangladesh and it has also been used as a platform for research related to seeds, animal husbandry, and fisheries.
• A SAARC center for meteorological research was established in Dhaka.
• In Kathmandu, an orthopedic center was established.
• Efforts are being made to promote tourism in SAARC countries.
• SAARC is also working to eliminate poverty in South Asia with the help of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP).
• An inter-Governmental group was established to formulate an agreement (SAFTA- South Asia Free Trade Area) for promoting free trade and economic cooperation among SAARC nations.
• The SAARC Documentation Centre was established in Delhi for the dissemination of information.
• SAARC Human Resources Development Centre was established in Islamabad (Pakistan).
• Agreements were signed to counter the smuggling of narcotic drugs. Committees were appointed for development in the fields of postal services and transportation.

6. State your opinion.

Question 1.
The Cold War began between America and Soviet Russia.
Answer:

• The tussle between the Capitalist nations and Communist nations for power and ideological influence which began after the second world war is referred to as the ‘Cold War.
• During the world war, Russia gained prominence in Eastern Europe while America, France, and England gained prominence in Western Europe.
• The Eastern European nations under the influence of Soviet Russia adopted Communist ideology.
• The Western European nations under the influence of America adopted a Capitalist ideology and democratic system.
• This situation caused the emergence of the ‘Cold War’ between Soviet Russia and America.

Question 2.
India has always opposed colonialism.
Answer:

• India is acknowledged as a great democracy in the world.
• After independence, India adopted the policy of active non-alignment in international politics.
• India would always strive to establish global peace.
• India would not tolerate foreign intervention in her internal matters. India shall respect the regional unity and sovereignty of other countries.
• India emphasizes the principle of ‘live and let live’ supported by peaceful co-existence.
• For e.g. in the post-independence period in 1949, a conference was held in Delhi in which support was declared to the issue of Indonesia’s independence. It was demanded that the Dutch should leave Indonesia before 1950 and grant its independence.
• The position India took in the case of Africa, is also very important. India took a strong initiative in demanding independence of African countries especially the protectorates of European nations.
• India insisted that the foreign rulers (colonialist European countries) should leave the colonies.
• India cared about Africa because of its long-standing relations with African countries.
• Mahatma Gandhi showed Africa the path to satyagraha for independence.
• Thus, India had been at the forefront of the struggle against colonialism.

Class 12 History Chapter 10 Cold War Intext Questions and Answers

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 77)

Collect information about the ‘United Nations’ with the help of the internet. Create groups of students in the class and let them compile the information of various specialized agencies of the United Nations.
Answer:
The United Nations was established after World War II with the aim of preventing any war in the future and establishing peace in the world. UN is the largest and most powerful intergovernmental organisation in the world. It was established on 24th October 1945. Currently, 193 countries in the world are members of the UN. The headquarter of the UN is located in New York, USA. Since its establishment UN has been working for maintaining world peace and avoiding conflict among nations, it also works for remoting sustainable development, protection and preservation of the environment, and protecting human rights.

The important agencies of the UN are as follows:
(i) International Labour Organisation (ILO):
Established in – 1919 to improve the conditions and living standards of workers.
Headquarters – Geneva.

(ii) International Monetary Fund (IMF):
Established in – 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation.

(iii) Food and Agricultural Organisation:
Established in – 1945

(iv) United National Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
Established in – 1945.

(v) World Health Organisation:
Established in – 1948

(vi) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):
Established in – 1957

(vii) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP):
Established in – 1965

(viii) World Trade Organisation (WTO):
Established in – 1995

(ix) UN Women:
Established in – 2010

(x) United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC):
Established in – 1997

(xi) United Nation Environmental Programme (UNEP):
Established in – 1972

(xii) International Development Association (IDA):
Established in – 1960

(xiii) United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF):
Established in – 1946

(xiv) International Telecommunication Union (ITU):
Established in – 1865

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 83)

Review the proceedings of NAM conferences held during the period from 1992 to the Venezuela conference of 2016.
Answer:
NAM was established in 1961 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia through an initiative of the Indian Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an organization of Redeveloping nations that are not formally aligned, with any major power flex. Here is the list of NAM summits:

• 10th NAM Summit: 1-6 September 1992 – Jakarta, Indonesia.
• 11th NAM Summit: 18-20 October 1995 – Cartagena, Colombia.
• 12th NAM Summit: 2-3 September 1998, Durban, South Africa.
• 13th NAM Summit: 20-25 Feb 2003, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• 14th NAM Summit: 15-16 September 2006, Havana, Cuba.
• 15th NAM Summit: 11-16 July 2009, Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt.
• 16th NAM Summit: 26-31 August 2012, Tehran, Iran.
• 17th NAM Summit: 13-18 September 2016, Porlamar, Venezuela.

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 85)

Collect information about SAARC conferences till 2014, with the help of the internet.
Answer:
SAARC also known as The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is the regional intergovernmental organisation in South Asia. Total 8 countries are members of SAARC.

1. Nepal
2. Bhutan
3. India
4. the Maldives
5. Sri Lanka
6. Pakistan
7. Bangladesh
8. Afghanistan.

• The First Summit was held in Dhaka, Bangladesh on 7-8 December 1985, signed the SAARC charter on 8 December 1985 thereby establishing the regional association and study groups on the problems of terrorism, drug trafficking, etc.
• Second Summit India: Date – 17-18 November 1986 in Bangalore.
  Appointment of Ambassador Abdul Ahsan of Bangladesh as the first Secretary-General of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation.
• 3rd Summit: 2-4 November 1987 in Kathmandu, Nepal.
• 4th Summit: 29-31 December 1988 in Islamabad, Pakistan.
• 5th Summit: 21-23 November 1990 in Male, Maldives.
• 6th Summit: 21 December 1991 in Colombo, Sri Lanka
• 7th Summit: 10-11 April 1992, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• 8th Summit: 2-4 May 1995, New Delhi, India
• 9th Summit: 12-14 May 1997, Male, Maldives.
• 10th Summit: 29-31 July 1998, Colombo, Sri Lanka
• 11th Summit: 4-6 January 2002, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• 12th Summit: 4-6 January 2004, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• 13th Summit: 12-13 November 2005, Dhaka, Bangladesh
• 14th Summit: 3-4 April 2007, New Delhi, India
• 15th Summit: 1-3 August 2008, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
• 16th Summit: 28-29 April 2010, Thimphu, Bhutan
• 17th Summit: 10-11 November 2011, Addu City, Maldives.
• 18th Summit: 26-27 November 2014, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Project (Textbook Page No. 87)

Collect information about the ‘Commonwealth Games’ with the help of the internet.
Answer:
The Commonwealth Games is an international multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930, and, with the exception of 1942 and 1946, has taken place every four years since then. The Commonwealth Games were known as the British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954 to 1966, and British Commonwealth Games from 1970 to 1974. Athletes with a disability are also included as full members of their national teams, making the Commonwealth Games the first fully inclusive international multi-sport event. It is also the world’s first multi-sport event that inducts an equal number of women’s and men’s medal events and was implemented recently in the 2018 Commonwealth Games. With such unique features, the World Economic Forum called the event inspiring and significant.

Their creation was inspired by the Inter-Empire Championships, as a part of the Festival of Empire, which was held in London, England in 1911. Melville Marks Robinson founded the games as the British Empire Games which were first hosted in Hamilton, Canada in 1930. During the 20th and 21st centuries, the evolution of the movement of the game has resulted in several changes to the Commonwealth Games. Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Commonwealth Winter Games for snow and ice sports for the commonwealth athletes, the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for commonwealth athletes with a disability, and the Commonwealth Youth Games for commonwealth athletes aged 14 to 18. The first edition of the winter games and paraplegic games were held in 1958 and 1962 respectively, with their last edition held in 1966 and 1974 respectively and the first youth games were held in 2000. The 1942 and 1946 Commonwealth Games were canceled because of the Second World War.

12th Std History Questions And Answers:

• Renaissance in Europe and Development of Science Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India and European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Colonialism and the Marathas Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India: Social and Religious Reforms Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Indian Struggle against Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Decolonisation to Political Integration of India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World Wars and India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World: Decolonisation Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Cold War Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 1 Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 2 Class 11 History Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 5 India: Social and Religious Reforms Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 12 History Chapter 5 Question Answer India: Social and Religious Reforms Maharashtra Board

Class 12 History Chapter 5 India: Social and Religious Reforms Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 12 Chapter 5 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote an English letter against the ___________
(a) caste system
(b) child marriage
(c) practice of sati
(d) segregation of women (Purdah system)
Answer:
(c) practice of sati

Question 2.
‘Arya Samaj’ was founded by ___________
(a) Swami Vivekanand
(b) Mahatma Jotirao Phule
(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(d) Ramaswamy Naikar
Answer:
(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

1B. Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’ and write the corrected one.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Brahmo Samaj	Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(b) Satyashodhak Samaj	Mahatma Jotirao Phule
(c) Paramhamsa Sabha	Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde
(d) Ramkrishna Mission	Swami Vivekanand

Answer:
Paramhamsa Sabha – Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar

2. Write the names of historical places/persons/events.

Question 1.
The title conferred on Raja Ram Mohan Roy by the Mughal Badshah-
Answer:
Raja

Question 2.
The one who founded ‘Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College’-
Answer:
Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan

Question 3.
The one who participated in ‘Vykom Satyagraha’-
Answer:
Ramaswamy Naikar

Question 4.
The one who made the law of free and compulsory primary education in Kolhapur Princely State-
Answer:
Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Prarthana Samaj.
Answer:
Prarthana Samaj:

• Had its origins in Paramhamsa Sabha.
• Founded by Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar.
• Founding members like Dr. Atmaram Pandurang, Justice M. G. Ranade, Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar opposed idol worship and emphasized monotheism.
• Opened schools for girls, orphanages, and night schools for workers.
• Focussed on gender equality, wiping outcaste discriminations, and appreciating the values of mundane life.

Question 2.
Satyashodhak Samaj.
Answer:
Satyashodhak Samaj:

• Founded in 1873 by Mahatma Jotirao Phule in Pune.
• Cracked a whip on the social customs and practices which pushed the Indian masses into a miserable state.
• Showed a new path to artisans, workers, and other downtrodden people.
• Characteristics of Satyashodhak Samaj included monotheism, rejection of the authority of Vedas and Puranas, acceptance of rationality, opposition to the dominance of priests and idol worship, etc.
• Mahatma Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule started a school for girls.
• His work was continued by Gopalbaba Walangkar who criticized untouchability in his book ‘Vital Vidhwamsan’.
• Shivram Janba drew attention to the problems of deprived women like Murali, Jagatini, and Devdasi.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
What were the social reforms on which Raja Ram Mohan Roy put a great emphasis?
Answer:
Contribution of Raja Ram Mohan Roy:

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy was born in Bengal.
• Translated Sanskrit Upanishads into Bengali.
• He was a witness to his brother’s wife immolating herself on her husband’s funeral pyre and this incident made him raise his voice against this evil social custom which according to him is not mentioned in any of the religious scriptures as a prescribed social obligation.
• It was due to the efforts of Raja Ram Mohan Roy that a law was passed by the Governor-General of Bengal Lord William Bentinck abolishing Sati in 1829.
• He was also opposed to child marriage and purdah, opened an English medium school, launched the first periodical in Bengali, and also another publication in Persian.
• He started ‘Atmiya Sabha’, a philosophical discussion circle,’ Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
• He spoke in support of the anti-colonial movements in Spanish colonies in South America.
• Ram Mohan Roy laid the foundation of modernity in India.
• Organizations like Manavdharma Sabha, Paramahamsa Sabha, and Dnyanprasar Sabha were inspired by his work.

Question 2.
Write about the contributions of the Ramkrishna Mission.
Answer:
Ramkrishna Mission:

• Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramkrishna Mission in 1897.
• Focussed on serving needy people, working for people affected by famine, health care for the sick people, education for women, etc.
• It also gave a message to the Indian youth to get up to awaken and keep moving until the goal is achieved.

Question 3.
Write about the contributions of Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan.
Answer:
Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan:

• Was born in 1817 in Delhi.
• Fluent in Urdu, Persian, Arabic, and English.
• Established ‘Scientific Society’ for Muslims.
• After returning from England he founded the Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 which later developed into ‘Aligarh Muslim University.
• Started a periodical entitled ‘Mohammadan Social Reformer’.
• Worked for the propagation of modern education, science, and technology.

Question 4.
Describe the contribution of Ramaswamy Naikar.
Answer:
Ramaswamy Naikar:

• Born in ‘Erode’ in Tamil Nadu in 1879.
• He became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy and worked for propagating the use of ‘Swadeshi’.
• He participated in the Vykom Satyagraha in Travancore against untouchability.
• Started the ‘Swabhiman Andolan’ in Tamil Nadu.
• Fought against the varna system and child marriage.
• He was addressed as ‘Periyar’ or Great Soul because of his magnanimous work.
• Was a great speaker and author.
• Took a radical position on issues like women’s rights and family planning.

Class 12 History Chapter 5 India: Social and Religious Reforms Intext Questions and Answers

Let us find out. (Textbook Page No. 36)

Collect information about ‘Singh Sabha’ that was founded in Amritsar.
Answer:
The Singh Sabha Movement was a Sikh movement that began in Punjab in the 1870s in reaction to the proselytizing activities of Christians, Hindu reform movements (Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj), and Muslims (Aligarh movement and Ahmadiyah). The movement was founded in an era when the Sikh Empire had been dissolved and annexed by the British, the Khalsa had lost its prestige, and mainstream Sikhs were rapidly converting to other religions.

The movement’s aims were to propagate the true Sikh religion and restore Sikhism to its pristine glory; to write and distribute historical and religious books of Sikhs, and to propagate Gurmukhi Punjabi through magazines and media. The movement sought to reform Sikhism and bring back into the Sikh fold the apostates who had converted to other religions; as well as to interest the influential British officials in furthering the Sikh community. At the time of its founding, the Singh Sabha policy was to avoid criticism of other religions and political matters.

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 36)

Collect information with the help of the internet and teachers about these people: Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Vishnushastri Pandit, Veereshlingam Pantalu, and Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve.
Answer:
(A) Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:

• Pandit Vidyasagar was born on 26th September 1820 in the Midnapore district of Bengal Presidency (now in West Bengal).
• A Sanskrit scholar, he joined Fort William College as the Head Pandit in the Sanskrit department in 1846.
• In 1846, he left Fort William and joined Sanskrit College as ‘Assistant Secretary’.
• In 1851, he became the principal of Sanskrit College.
• In 1854, Vidyasagar started his campaign for widow remarriage.
• Due to his efforts, the ‘Widow Remarriage Act was passed in 1856.
• He was keen to advocate for education for women.
• He exercised his power and lobbied hard for the opening of schools for girls.
• He gave more importance to educational reforms than social reforms.
• He emphasized teaching through Mother’s tongue.
• He has enriched Bengali Education System by writing many good textbooks for students.
• Vidyasagar died in 1891 at the age of 70.

(B) Vishnushastri Pandit:

• Vishnushastri Pandit was born in a Chitpavan Brahmin family to Sanskrit scholar Krishnashastri Chiplunkar.
• Worked as a school teacher in government schools during the years 1872-1879.
• Co-founded the newspapers Kesari (Marathi) and Mahratta (English) along with Lokmanya Tilak and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar.
• Also co-founded The New English School in Pune.
• Began his career as a writer
• In 1874, he started the monthly ‘Nibandmala’ for which he is principally remembered.
• Translated the following works in Marathi-
  • Rasselas by Samuel Johnson
  • Kadambari by Banabhatta
  • The Arabian Nights

(C) Veereshlingam Pantalu:

• Rao Bahadur Kandukuri Veereshlingam Pantalu was considered the ’Father of Renaissance movement in Telugu’.
• Born on 16th April 1848 at Rajamundry, Andhra Pradesh.
• Social reformer and writer at Madras Presidency under British rule.
• After completing his matriculation in 1869, he started working as a school teacher in a village.
• A scholar of three languages namely Telugu, Sanskrit, and English.
• He is most revered for his contribution to the reformation of Telugu society.
• Wrote extensively on the emancipation of women, advocated widow remarriage, and denounced child marriages.
• Set up schools for the education of girls and women.
• In 1887, he started a Brahmo Mandir at Rajamundry.
• In 1893, the government of India conferred the title ‘RaoBahadur’ on him
• He passed away on 27th May 1919 aged 71.

(D) Maharshi Dhondu Keshav Karve:

• Born on 18th April 1858 at Sheravali, India, Dhondu Keshav Karve, or Maharshi Karve he was popularly known as a social reformer in India.
• Was a Professor, Activist, Writer, and Social Worker.
• Noted for supporting the education of women and for organizing associations for the marriage of Hindu widows.
• In 1893, he established the Widow Marriage Association.
• He set an example by marrying a widow after his first wife had died in 1891.
• Established an educational institution in 1896, Hindu Widows Home in Poona.
• He started Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women’s University in 1916.
• On his 100th birthday, he was conferred India’s highest honour the ‘Bharat Ratna’.
• He died in Pune on November 9, 1962, aged 104.

Project (Textbook Page No. 39)

Collect information about the efforts for women’s education in Maharashtra with the help of the internet.
Answer:
Students can use the following points as reference:

• Trace women’s education down the ages.
• Education in Maharashtra from 1818-1903.
• Pioneer of Women’s education in India-Savitribai Phule.
• Female literacy in Maharashtra today.
• Schemes for women by the Government of Maharashtra.

12th Std History Questions And Answers:

• Renaissance in Europe and Development of Science Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India and European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Colonialism and the Marathas Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India: Social and Religious Reforms Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Indian Struggle against Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Decolonisation to Political Integration of India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World Wars and India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World: Decolonisation Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Cold War Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 1 Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 2 Class 11 History Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 9 World: Decolonisation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 12 History Chapter 9 Question Answer World: Decolonisation Maharashtra Board

Class 12 History Chapter 9 World: Decolonisation Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 12 Chapter 9 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1.
In the First World War ____________ and Turkey were defeated.
(a) America
(b) France
(c) England
(d) Germany
Answer:
(d) Germany

Question 2.
In 1935 ____________ was separated from India.
(a) Myanmar
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) the Maldives
(d) Iran
Answer:
(a) Myanmar

Question 3.
In 1947, first conference of ____________ countries was held.
(a) Unity
(b) Asian
(c) Atlantic
(d) Manchester
Answer:
(b) Asian

1B. Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’ and write the corrected one.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
a. Bandung	Bandung conference
b. Paris	The first Pan-African Congress in 1919
c. London	The first Conference of ‘African Association’ in 1900
d. Manchester	Asian Unity Conference

Answer:
Manchester – The 5th Pan-African Congress in 1945

2. Choose the correct reason from those given below and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
During the Second World War, the independence movements in Africa were more intensified ____________
(a) The colonies in Africa threw away the dominance of alien European powers
(b) African leaders were trained in the western education system
(c) During the Second World War the British and the French began to give some rights to the people in their colonies
(d) European countries were involved in the Second World war
Answer:
(c) During the Second World War the British and the; French began to give some rights to the people in their colonies

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Bandung Conference.
Answer:

• India called the first conference of Asian countries in 1947 which was attended by the representatives of 25 Asian countries.
• In this conference, the concept of Asian regionalism was shaped. The issues like common problems faced by Asian people, the social, economic, and cultural problems of the Asian countries, and the need for mutual co-operation among Asian countries were discussed in this conference.
• This conference was followed by the first conference of Asian and African countries held in 1955 at Bandung in Indonesia. This is known as the ‘Bandung Conference’.
• In this conference, the problems of Afro-Asian countries were discussed and it was decided to focus on world peace and mutual co-operation.

Question 2.
Concept of African Unity.
Answer:

• The concept of African unity was first put forward by H.S. Williams. He formed an organization while in London, called as ‘African Association’ (later called as Pan-African Association).
• He organised its first conference in 1900. W.E.B. Du Bois, an American sociologist of African origin was present at this conference.
• In 1919, the second conference of African leaders and thinkers was held in Paris, known as the ‘Pan-African Congress’.
• Thereafter, W.E.B. Du Bois and his associates called a series of Pan-African Congress at various places. This resulted in the idea of Pan-African unity taking deep roots in Africa.
• The 5th Pan-African Congress was held at Manchester in 1945 by people of African origin living in Manchester.

4. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
There were three wars fought between the British and Myanmar.
Answer:

• Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country. In 1599 the Portuguese defeated the king of one of the kingdoms in Myanmar.
• However, in 1611 various dynasties ruling in Myanmar got together, defeated the Portuguese, and amalgamated their kingdoms.
• United Myanmar adopted an expansionist policy and conquered Manipur and Assam.
• It means that the British Indian territory was under threat of being invaded, a situation that caused three wars between the British and Myanmar is known as the Anglo-Burmese war.
• The first war in 1826 was won by the British and they took over Assam and Manipur and Arakan.
• British also defeated Myanmar in the second war. At about the same time the French had taken over the regions of ‘Upper Burma’.
• In the third war, the British won this region too, thereby ruling over the entire Myanmar.
• In this way during three Anglo-Burmese wars British annexed the entire Myanmar.

Question 2.
The end of the Second World War created an environment in which the process of decolonisation gained speed.
Answer:

• The Second World War dealt a serious blow to the colonial powers, depriving them of their former prestige.
• The process of decolonisation accelerated in a short time because of the conflicts among European coloniser countries and the anti-colonial movements in the colonies.
• The European countries could not have reasoned out colonisation and the exploitation of colonies from an intellectual platform.
• The Asian and African continents were filled with a heightened spirit of independence movements.
• The awareness about these movements spread rapidly. Many countries in both continents obtained their freedom.
• In ten years following the end of the Second World War, with successive waves of decolonisation in Asia and Africa, the Third World took its place as a new player in the international arena.

Class 12 History Chapter 9 World: Decolonisation Intext Questions and Answers

Get to know: (Textbook Page No. 72)

Collect more information regarding the ‘Atlantic Charter’ and organise a class discussion on the topic.
Answer:
Introduction: The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement issued on August 14, 1941, that defined goals for the post-war world. The Atlantic Charter was drafted by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President F.D. Roosevelt at the Atlantic Conference in Newfoundland. All the allies of World War II later confirmed it. The terms of the Atlantic Charter were as follows:

• No territorial expansion and territorial changes were against the wishes of the people.
• All people had a right to self-determination.
• No territorial gains were sought by the U.S. and the U.K.
• Trade and barriers were to be lowered.
• There was to be global economic co-operation and advancement of social welfare.
• The participants would work for a world free of want and fear.
• The participants would work for freedom of the seas.
• There was to be disarmament of aggressor nations and post-war common disarmament. This agreement proved to be one of the first steps towards the formation of the United Nation.

Discuss in the Class (Textbook Page No. 75)

Make a list of the colonies of the British colonies in Asia and Africa with their geographical locations and discuss in the class their independence struggle and the dates of their independence.
Answer:
Introduction: The decolonisation of Asia was the gradual growth of independence movements in Asia, leading ultimately to the retreat of foreign powers and the creation of a number of nation-states in the region. A number of events were catalysts for this shift, most importantly the Second World War.

The freedom struggle of some of the countries like Sri Lanka, Maldives is mentioned in the textbook. The countries of Asia and Africa which got independence from British rule are as follows:
1. British colonies in Asia
Hong Kong:

• Hong Kong is a coastal city and major port in southern China.
• It was returned to the United Kingdom following its war. It was controlled directly by a British governor until the expiry of the 99-year lease of the New Territories which occurred in 1997. From that date, the territories were called as a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.

2. Singapore:

• Singapore officially known as the Republic of Singapore is a sovereign island city-state in maritime Southeast Asia.
• In 1819, Sir Thomas Raffles negotiated a treaty whereby King Johor allowed the British to locate a trading port on the island, leading to the establishment of the British crown colony of Singapore.
• After the end of World War II British granted self-government culminating in Singapore’s merger with Malaysia.
• On 9th August 1965, Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent and sovereign state.

3. India:

• India is situated in South East Asia surrounded by the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Indian Ocean on the south.
• India got independence from British rule on 15th August 1947. Indian National Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi played an important role in the freedom of the country.

4. Pakistan:

• Pakistan is in Asia, the neighbouring country of India.
• As the United Kingdom agreed to the partitioning of India in 1947, the modern state of Pakistan was established on 14th August 1947.

5. Cyprus:

• Cyprus is an island in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia.
• In 1914 it was annexed by U.K Between 1945 and 1959 EOKA was created that fought a campaign for the end of British rule in Cyprus.
• An independent ‘The Republic of Cyprus’ was created in 1960.

6. British colonies in Africa:

• On 31st May 1910, Britain gave South Africa nominal independence.
• This union was a dominion that included the former colonies of the Cape and Natal.
• This union only became fully sovereign in 1931 when all powers Britain had over the country were abolished.

7. Egypt:

• Egypt has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, the River Nile, and the Red Sea.
• The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 was a countrywide revolution against the British occupation of Egypt.
• The revolution led to Great Britain’s later recognition of Egyptian independence in 1922.

8. Nigeria:

• Lagos was invaded by British forces in 1851 and annexed in 1865.
• It became a British protectorate in 1901 while her colonization lasted until 1960 when an independence movement succeeded in gaining independence and Nigeria became an independent republic in 1979.

9. Ghana:
Got independence on 6 March 1957.

10. Kenya:
Became independent on 12 December 1963.

Project (Textbook Page No. 76)

Collect information with the help of the internet regarding French colonies in Asia and Africa.
Answer:
In the 19th century starting with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 France began to establish a new empire in Africa and Southeast Asia. The following is a list of all countries that were part of the French colonial empires in the last 500 years.

1. French Indochinese Union (1887 – 1954)
2. Laos (protectorate) (1893 – 1953)
3. Cambodia (protectorate) (1863 – 1953)
4. Vietnam
5. India and Sri Lanka: French establishment of India composed of Puducherry (1765 – 1954), Karikal (1725 – 1954), Chandranagar (1673 – 1952), Yanam (1673 – 1952)
6. Taiwan (1884 – 1885)
7. Basilan (1845)
8. Lebanon (1920 – 1946)
9. Syria (1920 – 1946)
10. China: The territory of Kouang-Tcheou-Wan (1898 – 1945), The province of Yunan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Shamian island (1859 – 1949)

12th Std History Questions And Answers:

• Renaissance in Europe and Development of Science Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India and European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Colonialism and the Marathas Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India: Social and Religious Reforms Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Indian Struggle against Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Decolonisation to Political Integration of India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World Wars and India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World: Decolonisation Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Cold War Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 1 Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 2 Class 11 History Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 4 Colonialism and the Marathas Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 12 History Chapter 4 Question Answer Colonialism and the Marathas Maharashtra Board

Class 12 History Chapter 4 Colonialism and the Marathas Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 12 Chapter 4 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1.
Marathas defeated the Portuguese during the siege of __________
(a) Vengurla
(b) Phonda
(c) Surat
(d) Rajapur
Answer:
(b) Phonda

Question 2.
The political relations between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the British began due to the __________ episode.
(a) Kudal campaign
(b) Afzal Khan
(c) Fazal Khan
(d) coronation
Answer:
(b) Afzal Khan

Question 3.
The younger brother of Bajirao Peshwa I defeated the __________ at Vasai.
(a) British
(b) French
(c) Dutch
(d) Portuguese
Answer:
(d) Portuguese

Question 4.
The ‘Third Battle of Panipat’ was fought between Marathas and the __________
(a) British
(b) Abdali
(c) Ahmed Khan Bangash
(d) Najib Khan
Answer:
(b) Abdali

1B. Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’ and write the corrected one.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Cosme da Guarda	Portuguese historian
(b) Gonsalo Martez	Portuguese emissary
(c) Francois Martin	Chief of the Dutch factory
(d) Henry Revington	British Officer

Answer:
(c) Francois Martin – Governor General of Pondicherry

2A. Write the names of historical places/persons/events.

Question 1.
The first Europeans to arrive in India-
Answer:
Portuguese

Question 2.
The place where the Portuguese stored their ammunition-
Answer:
Panvel

Question 3.
They honoured Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj with tributes for ensuring the safety of their factories and issuing trade permits-
Answer:
The Dutch

Question 4.
The British agent at Jaitapur-
Answer:
Velaji

2B. Choose the correct reason from those given below and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj levied octroi on the salt trade to __________
(a) oppose the Portuguese
(b) stop the British trade of salt
(c) raise funds for Swarajya
(d) oppose the colonialists
Answer:
(b) stop the British trade of salt

3. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj built a naval force.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj had foreseen the ulterior motives of the foreigners and their ways of infiltration. He built strategies to arrest their advances in India. He took immediate measures by creating a strong naval force. He levied octroi on British trade salt as a measure to protect the local salt trade. Thus, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj adopted a strong policy against the European colonizers.

Question 2.
Maratha’s policies were anti-colonial.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj had foreseen the ulterior motives of the Europeans and their ways of infiltration. So, he built strategies to arrest their advances in India. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj adopted a very strong policy against the European colonisers by levying octroi on the British salt trade etc. The Marathas were the only Indian rulers to adopt a policy of resistance against the European colonisers.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Write about Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s policies regarding the European traders as seen in his Adnyapatra.
Answer:
The strategy of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj against the Europeans is clearly seen in Adnyapatra.
The following were his policies:

• They should be kept at bay maintaining only business relations.
• Not allotting them any space near the entrance of a creek or a sea fort.
• Their establishments should not be a nuisance.
• They should not be allowed to flaunt their military strength.
• Not allow them to construct any permanent buildings.
• They must accept these conditions otherwise they are of no use.
• He also said that a fine should be collected if any foreign traders were found in the enemy land during expeditions.
• After they pay the fine, they should be sent back to their factory or the place from where they had arrived.
• They should not be treated in the same manner as the enemy is treated.

Question 2.
Explain Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s resolute policy of safeguarding Maratha sovereignty.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj took several steps to safeguard the Maratha empire.

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj created a strong naval force and constructed forts for e.g., Hillforts, Sea forts, and Land forts.
• Henry Oxenden, a British agent who was present at the coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj sought permission to open a factory at Rajapur.
• He also levied 2.5% octroi on British goods.
• An agreement was signed between the British and the Marathas on 12th June 1674.
• According to this agreement, the Marathas issued permission to open factories at Rajapur, Dabhol, Chaul, and Kalyan. He also prohibited the usage of British coinage.
• He also refuted some of the conditions put by the British such as the British goods found afloat from the wrecked ships should be returned to them and the Marathas should enter a treaty with the Siddis of Janjira.
• This clearly reveals his resolute policy of safeguarding Maratha’s sovereignty.

Question 3.
Why did the strongest Maratha rule come to an end?
Answer:
There were several reasons for the downfall of the Maratha empire:
(i) Internal weakness of the Maratha Empire: The empire of the Marathas was not well knit. It was a confederacy of the Maratha chiefs who were in conflict with one another. The nominal unity of the Marathas remained only up to the period of the rule of Madhav Rao I.

(ii) Lack of Political Foresight: The Marathas lacked wisdom and farsightedness. They failed to achieve the political unity of India and therefore failed to utilise the resources of the country either for the benefit of the people or for meeting the challenge of a foreign foe.

(iii) Incapable Leadership: All capable Maratha chiefs died by the end of the eighteenth century. After that the leadership of the Marathas was taken over by Bajirao II, Daulatrao Scindia, Yashwant Rao Holkar, and Nana Phadnavis. The Marathas thus lacked leadership.

(iv) Military weakness of the Marathas: The Marathas were militarily weak compared to the English as they had left their traditional method of guerrilla warfare and adopted European methods which they failed to perfect.

(v) Diplomacy of the English: The English were more diplomatic than the Marathas. The quarrels among the Marathas provided a good opportunity for the English to take advantage. Besides, the English had their eyes on the politics of the entire India.

5. Observe the map on textbook page 29 and answer the questions based on it.

Question 1.
Where were the Dutch colonies on the west coast of India?
Answer:
On the west coast of India, there were warehouses at Vengurla in Konkan and at Photo Novo (Parangi Pettai) and Tegna Pattam (Devanapattinam) in Karnataka.

Question 2.
Where did the French establish their colonies on the east coast of India?
Answer:
The French had their colony in Pondicherry (Puducherry) on the east coast.

Question 3.
Whose warehouses were at Agra and Allahabad?
Answer:
This warehouse is not mentioned on the map. This area was ruled by the Mughals.

Project (Textbook Page No. 33)

Question 1.
Collect information about the colonies established by the European colonialists in various countries with the help of internet.
Answer:
The European colonialists had their colonies in the following countries.
(A) Africa:

• Belgium – Belgian Congo, Lado Enclave, Rwanda, and Burundi
• Britain – Sudan, Basutoland, Balleland, British East Africa (Kenya), British Somaliland, British Togoland
• Gold Coast, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Botswana, Nigeria, Ghana, etc.
• France – Gambia, Comoros, French Algeria, French Congo, French Guinea, Ivory Coast, French Madagascar, etc.
• Dutch – Dutch East Indies, Curacao, The Dutch Slave Coast, the Dutch Gold Coast, Surinam.
• Germany – German East Africa, German Southwest Africa, German West Africa.
• Portugal – Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique.

(B) Asia:

• Britain – Colony Aden, British Borneo, Burma, Ceylon, Cyprus, India, Iraq, Malay, North Borneo, Palestine, etc.
• France – Cochin, China, Annam, Laos, and Cambodia.
• Dutch – Dutch East Indies, Malacca, Taiwan, Tonkin/Annam, Maluku Islands.
• Portugal – Goa, Malacca and Southeast Asia, China and Japan, Spice Islands, South Asia, Persian Gulf, and the Red Sea.

(C) North America:

• Britain – Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,
• Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
• France – New France (including Canada and Louisiana), French West Indies and
• French Guiana.
• Dutch – New Netherland was the first Dutch colony in North America.

(D) South America:

• Spain – Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic.

12th Std History Questions And Answers:

• Renaissance in Europe and Development of Science Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India and European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Colonialism and the Marathas Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India: Social and Religious Reforms Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Indian Struggle against Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Decolonisation to Political Integration of India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World Wars and India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World: Decolonisation Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Cold War Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 1 Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 2 Class 11 History Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Civics Solutions Chapter 6 Bureaucracy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 6 Bureaucracy Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Bureaucracy Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 6 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 Civics Chapter 6 Bureaucracy Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Identify if the following statements are correct or wrong and rewrite the wrong statements in their correct form:

Question 1.
In a Parliamentary democracy, representatives elected by the people and ministers bear the administrative responsibility.
Answer:
Correct.

Question 2.
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) recruits candidates for civil services in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Wrong – Maharashtra Public Service Commission recruits candidates for civil services in Maharashtra.

2. Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
Reservation policy is followed even in Civil Services.
Answer:

1. A part of the society comprising of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Women, Other Backward Castes and specially-abled is termed as the weaker section of the society.
2. It was essential to empower these weaker sections.
3. They were left out of civil services due to social inequality.
4. In order to establish social justice and provide opportunities to weaker sections of the society, reservation policy is followed even in civil services.

Question 2.
It is necessary for civil servants to be politically neutral.
Answer:

1. In Parliamentary democracy, in India, a new government comes in power after every five years. But the bureaucracy is permanent, i.e. they remain same.
2. Bureaucracy is expected to implement the policies and decisions of the earlier government with same efficiency and commitment.
3. Civil servants are expected to keep away from taking a political stand and remain neutral while discharging their duties.
4.  If civil servants work according to their political views it will lead to chaos. Hence, they should be politically neutral.

3. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words:

Question 1.
Explain the role of the ministers and civil servants in the efficient administration of the department.
Answer:

1. The efficiency of a particular department depends upon the inter-relationship between the Minister and his Secretary and Deputy secretary.
2. The decisions taken by the Ministers are based on the necessary information provided by the bureaucracy.
3. The bureaucracy, i.e. civil servants have complete information about the financial provisions for a particular scheme or plan and also about the history of successes and failures of policies.
4. Hence, if the Ministers develop mutual trust and transparency with the civil servants, it will help in the efficient administration of the department.

Question 2.
Explain how the bureaucracy provides stability to the political system.
Answer:

1. Bureaucracy does the work of implementing decisions taken by the ministers.
2. Several important reforms introduced during the post-independent period have been effectively implemented by the bureaucracy.
3. It consistently provides services like water supply, public cleanliness, transport, electricity, etc. to the people and brings stability in their day-to-day life.
4. It acts as an instrument of social transformation and democratisation. In this way, it gives stability to the political system.

4. Complete the concept picture.

Question 1.

Answer:

5. Discuss characteristics of bureaucracy.

Question 1.
Bureaucracy:
Answer:

1. It is the administrative system that works under the Union Executive.
2. As this administrative system includes civil servants i.e. bureaucrats, it is called Bureaucracy.
3. It has the responsibility of actual implementation of government’s policies.
4. Though the ministers control the bureaucracy, they are dependent on the bureaucracy for information and efficient functioning.

Question 2.
Armed Forces and Civil Services:
Answer:

1. Defending the country from external aggression and internal threats and ensuring security of the country is carried out by the Armed Forces.
2. Services provided to the citizens for making their daily lives comfortable and enabling them to develop themselves and the society are called Civil Services.
3. The administrative system developed to provide services to citizens are called Civil Services.
4. The armed forces help the civil services for internal security.

Meaning of the Headlines given In the box:

1. In the box, a few posts like District Collector, Municipal Commissioner, flnance Secretary, and Divisional Commissioner are mentioned.
2. They are civil servants in the government’s administrative system, working for the welfare of the people.

Project:

Question 1.
Prepare a questionnaire and interview a civil servant in your locality

Class 8 Civics Chapter 6 Bureaucracy Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct options and complete the statements:

Question 1.
…………….. is permanent in nature.
(a) Election Commission
(b) Bureaucracy
(c) President
(d) Prime Ministers
Answer:
(b) Bureaucracy

Question 2.
The bureaucracy is politically ……………….. .
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) biased
(d) neutral
Answer:
(d) neutral

Question 3.
The Parliament holds the ……….. responsible for malpractices.
(a) bureaucracy
(b) Prime Minister
(c) minister
(d) President
Answer:
(c) minister

Question 4.
The ………….. has established autonomous institutions like the Public Service Commissions for selecting efficient civil servants.
(a) Constitution
(b) Council of Ministers
(c) Parliament
(d) President
Answer:
(a) Constitution

Question 5.
The ‘Indian Foreign Service’ is included under ……………
(a) All India Services
(b) Union or Central Services
(c) State Civil Services
(d) Armed Forces
Answer:
(b) Union or Central Services

Identify if the following statements are correct or wrong and rewrite the wrong statements in their correct form:

Question 1.
Bureaucracy is an important instrument of social transformation.
Answer:
Correct.

Question 2.
Civil servants are not aware of the history of successes and failures of policies.
Answer:
Wrong – Civil servants are aware of the history of successes and failures of policies.

Question 3.
Civil servants are never publicly criticised.
Answer:
Correct.

Complete the following concept maps:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
Coordination between the Civil Servants and Ministers help in efficient functioning of the government.
Answer:

1. In Parliamentary democracy, the Executive is responsible for the efficient governance of the country.
2. The decisions relating to the concerned department are made by the minister-in-charge, but necessary information to make such decisions is given by the civil servants.
3. The ministers are dependent on the civil servants for many reasons.

Hence, coordination and mutual trust between the civil servants and ministers help in efficient functioning of the government.

Question 2.
The Bureaucracy is not held directly responsible for any success or failure of policy.
Answer:

1. It is the Minister who is responsible for the efficient and smooth functioning of his department.
2. Though providing necessary information and giving advice is the function of the bureaucracy, it is not accountable for any inefficiency.
3. The Parliament holds the Minister responsible for inefficiency and malpractices.
4. In such case, the Minister bears the responsibility and protects the bureaucracy.

Thus, the anonymity of bureaucracy is preserved, which means they are not held directly responsible for any success or failure of policy. ‘

Question 3.
Bureaucracy is considered as an important instrument of social transformation.
Answer:

1. Many laws are enacted by the government for empowerment of women, protection of children and marginalised sections of the society.
2. Social change is brought through the implementation of such policies.
3. These laws are successfully implemented by the bureaucracy.

Hence, Bureaucracy is considered as an important instrument of social transformation.

Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words:

Question 1.
Explain the characteristics of Bureaucracy.
Answer:

1. Bureaucracy is the administrative system which actually implements the government’s policies.
2. Though the government changes, bureaucracy remains constant. Thus, it is permanent in nature.
3. It has to remain politically neutral and discharge its duties.
4. Its anonymity is maintained, i.e. it is not held directly responsible for any success or failure of policies and it is never publicly criticized.

Thus, the structure of Bureaucracy in India is extensive and complex.

Question 2.
Explain the significance of Indian bureaucracy.
Answer:

1. The Indian bureaucracy implements the policies made by the government for the welfare of the people effectively.
2. It provides several essential services to the people consistently and brings stability in their day to day life.
3. It provides stability to the political system.
4. It acts as an important instrument of social transformation and democratization of society.

Question 3.
Explain the role of bureaucracy in the democratisation of society.
Answer:

1. Equality and social justice are important values of democracy.
2. Bureaucracy has helped in bringing marginalised sections of society into the mainstream by implementing the reservation policy effectively.
3. Their participation has been increased in the process of decision¬making.
4. Democratisation of society not only requires progressive laws and policies but also effective participation of bureaucracy in implementing it.

Thus, bureaucracy plays an important role in the democratisation of society.

Question 4.
Why have autonomous institutions like Public Service Commissions been established?
Answer:
The Constitution of India has established autonomous institutions like Public Service Commissions for following reasons:

1. To select civil servants.
2. To conduct competitive exams for selecting candidates on the criteria of merit and efficiency.
3. To decide other aspect to like the nature of the exam, syllabus, eligibility, etc.
4. To select efficient and deserving candidates through interviews and recommend them to the government for appointment.

Open-Ended Question:

Question 1.
Express your views on ‘ideal bureaucracy’.
Answer:
Bureaucracy includes civil servants and all the employees working in various government offices. In India, bureaucracy is criticised most of the times and is seldom praised.
According to me, an ideal bureaucracy should function as follows:

1. The bureaucracy should advise and force the ministers to adopt policies of public welfare.
2. It should give full cooperation to the ministers for implementing policies effectively.
3. It should adopt the principle of equality and an unbiased approach while implementing the policies so that maximum people are benefitted.
4. It should make the people aware of different beneficial policies.
5. It should strictly keep away from ill- practices like corruption, unnecessary delay, cheating and frauds, etc.
6. It should aim at establishing social justice by extending maximum benefits to weaker sections.
7. It should function as an effective medium for development of the country, social transformation and democratisation of society.

(B) Oral Examination:

Answer the following questions orally:

Question 1.
Who is the Chief Civil Servant of your district?

Question 2.
Name any two schemes/plans implemented by the government officers for your village/city.

Question 3.
How do armed forces help the civil servants?

Question 4.
Who is the Chief Civil Servant of a taluka/tehsil?

Formative Evaluation:

Oral Work:

1. Interview:
Prepare a questionnaire and interview a civil servant in your locality.

2. Group discussion:
Conduct a group discussion in your class on the topic ‘Role of bureaucracy in the development of city/village.’

Project:

Question 1.
Collect information about the working of bureaucracy at taluka/tehsil level.

8th Std Civics Questions And Answers:

• Introduction to the Parliamentary System Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Indian Parliament Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Union Executive Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Indian Judicial System Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The State Government Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• Bureaucracy Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 8 World Wars and India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 12 History Chapter 8 Question Answer World Wars and India Maharashtra Board

Class 12 History Chapter 8 World Wars and India Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 12 Chapter 8 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1.
When Austria declared war against Serbia, it was _________, who helped Serbia.
(a) Germany
(b) America
(c) Hungary
(d) Russia
Answer:
(d) Russia

Question 2.
The first atom bomb was dropped on the city of _________ during the aerial attack of America on Japan.
(a) Nagasaki
(b) Hiroshima
(c) Pearl Harbour
(d) Stalingrad
Answer:
(b) Hiroshima

1B. Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’ and write the corrected one.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. America	Woodrow Wilson
2. England	Winston Churchill
3. Germany	Hitler
4. Italy	Linlithgow

Answer:
Italy – Benito Mussolini

2. Write the names of historical places/persons/events.

Question 1.
The name of the group of nations including England, France, Russia, Italy, and America in the First World War –
Answer:
Allied Nations

Question 2.
The name of the group of nations including Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria in the First World War –
Answer:
Central Powers

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
‘League of Nations.
Answer:

1. A peace-loving American president Woodrow Wilson took a lead in the formation of the League of Nations.
2. All the nations involved in the war felt the need to create some solution to avoid any situation that could lead to war.
3. The main objectives of the League of Nations were –
   • finding peaceful solutions for conflicts between nations.
   • establishing peace in the world.
4. Austria, Germany, and other defeated nations were not allowed to become members of the league.
5. America was not a member of the league so England and France retained their dominance in the league.

Question 2.
Dr. Kotnis.
Answer:

• Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis was born on 10th October 1910 at Solapur.
• When Japan had attacked China in 1937, the Chinese Government requested Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to send a team of doctors to attend to the injured Chinese soldiers.
• Dr. Kotnis was the chief of the team of Indian doctors sent to China.
• He attended the Chinese soldiers for years but unfortunately died in China on 9th December 1942 in the plague epidemic.
• Dr. Kotnis by the virtue of his selfless work formed the bridge of friendship between India and China.
• The eminent Indian filmmaker, V. Shantaram made a film on his life, entitled ‘Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani’ which immortalized Dr. Kotnis’ memory.

4. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
‘The Treaty of Versailles’ had the seeds of the Second World War. The Text does not have any comment to this effect.
Answer:

• The Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allied nations and Germany at Versailles palace in 1919. It was drafted by American President Woodrow Wilson.
• The Treaty of Versailles was very harsh on Germany because Germany had lost the war.
• Germany was forced to accept the responsibility for the war damages suffered by the Allies.
• The victorious powers had deprived Germany of huge tracts of its territory. Germany was burdened with an immense war indemnity.
• The peace settlement at Paris was made in a spirit of revenge. The Germans felt that too much injustice had been done to them.
• The German economy was ruined completely. People were starving and the government was in chaos.
• It was impossible for a proud German race to forget the consequences of the war, which they had lost so humiliatingly.
• This fuelled the rise of Nazism in Germany which adopted the policy of aggression.
• In this way, the Treaty of Versailles sowed the seeds of the Second World War.

Question 2.
The British Government in India decided to return home.
Answer:

• The Second World War ended in the month of August 1945 with the surrender of Japan.
• In this war, England emerged victoriously but it lost heavily in terms of human life and economic conditions.
• As a result of this England grew weaker. The British Government in India is now aware that Indian soldiers and people are not as meek and submissive as before, ruling them was no easier.
• India was not going to be the perennial source of profit for them as it used to be. There was a lot of pressure on England to give freedom to its colonies. Freedom struggles began in India which demanded ‘Poorna Swarajya’ which means total independence. Hence, the British Government in India decided to return home.

5. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Give the causes of the Second World War.
(i) Dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles
(ii) Rise of Hitler
(iii) Rise of Communism
(iv) Hitler’s attack on Poland
(v) Hitler’s violation of the Non-aggression Pact
Answer:
The Second World War was fought between 1939 to 1945. Following were the causes of the Second World War:
(i) Dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles: The Treaty of Versailles was very harsh on Germany. It was made in a spirit of revenge. Germany was burdened with huge war indemnity. The German economy was ruined completely. This fuelled the rise of Nazism in Germany.

(ii) Rise of Hitler: The Nazis under the leadership of Hitler grabbed power in Germany. Hitler began to escalate Germany’s military power so as to avenge the demeaning conditions imposed on Germany by the treaty of Versailles. He focussed on increasing the strength of the military as well as the navy.

(iii) Rise of Communism: Meanwhile, Soviet Russia, a communist nation was becoming more powerful. It made nations like England, France, America uneasy. Soviet Russia and imperialistic Germany viewed each other as arch enemies. England and France ignored the advances of Germany thinking that it will keep a check on the rising power of Soviet Russia.

(iv) Hitler’s attack on Poland: In 1938, Hitler won the Sudeten province in Czechoslovakia, which was populated in majority by people of German origin. In 1939, he attacked Poland which was looked upon as a neutral country by all European nations. In spite of this, Hitler attacked Poland. Therefore, England declared war against Germany.

(v) Hitler’s violation of the Non-aggression pact: Denmark, Norway surrendered to Germany. Germany conquered Holland, Belgium, and France. In 1939, Hitler violated the ‘Non-aggression Pact’ made with Stalin and attacked Soviet Russia so Stalin declared war against Germany.

Question 2.
Why did Indian people participate in the national movement in great numbers?
Answer:

• India was a colony of the British during wartime. England started exploiting their colonies to meet the needs of war.
• During wartime, England felt an increasing need for manpower and money. Therefore, the British Government began recruiting army personnel from India.
• At times the recruitment was enforced on Indians.
• Extra taxes were levied on Indians for raising funds. Taxes on trade and industries were raised.
• During the war period prices of essential commodities went up. Indians suffered from the problems of inflation, hike in prices, increasing unemployment caused by the industrial recession.
• Indians could see that the exploitative rule of the British was responsible for this miserable state of affairs.
• Hence, Indians from all strata of society, workers, farmers, and the middle class joined in large numbers in the national movements against British rule.

12th Std History Questions And Answers:

• Renaissance in Europe and Development of Science Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India and European Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Colonialism and the Marathas Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India: Social and Religious Reforms Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Indian Struggle against Colonialism Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Decolonisation to Political Integration of India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World Wars and India Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• World: Decolonisation Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• Cold War Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 1 Class 11 History Questions And Answers
• India Transformed Part 2 Class 11 History Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Civics Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to the Parliamentary System Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Introduction to the Parliamentary System Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Introduction to the Parliamentary System Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 1 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Introduction to the Parliamentary System Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
Parliamentary System of government developed in ……………..
(a) England
(b) France
(c) United States of America
(d) Nepal
Answer:
(a) England

Question 2.
In the Presidential System, ……….. is the executive head.
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Lok Sabha Speaker
(c) President
(d) Governor
Answer:
(c) President

2. Complete the information in the following table.

Question 1.

Answer:

Sr. No.	Name of the institution	Functions
1.	Legislature	To make laws
2.	Executive	To implement laws, frame policies
3.	Judiciary	To provide justice

3. Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
India adopted the Parliamentary System of government.
Answer:

1. The Parliamentary System of government developed primarily in England.
2. The British ruled over India for about 150 years. During this period, they ruled in accordance with this system.
3. So, Indians were familiar with this system of government.
4. The Constituent Assembly also adopted this system after a thorough discussion.
5. Hence, the framers of the Constitution made a few changes to suit the Indian situation, and adopted the Parliamentary System.

Question 2.
Discussions and deliberations are important in a Parliamentary System of government.
Answer:

1. In a Parliamentary System of government, decisions are taken after discussions and deliberations.
2. Members of the opposition party also participate in the discussions.
3. They may support the government or point out shortcomings in the government policies.
4. Laws are framed after detailed discussions on questions of public welfare. This does not happen in autocratic rule.
5. Hence, to protect the welfare and freedom of common people, discussions and deliberations are important.

4. Answer the following in 25 to 30 words:

Question 1.
What is a Responsible Government?
Answer:

1. The government system in which the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Legislature for all their actions and policies, is called a Responsible Government.
2. In this system, the Council of Ministers has to take the Legislature into confidence during governance.
3. Every decision taken by any ministry/ department is considered as the decision of the government.
4. The decisions or policies of every ministry is the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers.
5. Thus, the principle of collective responsibility adopted by the Council of Ministers makes it a responsible government.

Question 2.
Enumerate the characteristics of the Presidential System of government.
Answer:
The following are the characteristics of the Presidential System of government:

1. The President is directly elected by the people.
2. The President has lot of powers including power to implement laws.
3. The President is not dependent on the support of the Legislature.
4. The Legislature and the Executive are not dependent on each other, but still they have mutual control over each other.

5. Why is the role of opposition parties important? Write your opinion.

Question 1.
Why is the role of opposition parties important? Write your opinion.
Answer:
The role of opposition parties is important in Parliamentary as well as Presidential System of government.

1. The opposition parties participate in the discussions and point out the shortcomings in the policies of the government.
2. The opposition parties control the Executive through their arguments based on deep study of the topics discussed in the Parliament.
3. The Executive cannot behave in an irresponsible manner due to the pressure of the opposition parties.
4. The alertness of the opposition parties help in avoiding wrong practices like corruption, ignoring public welfare, passing faulty laws, etc.

Have you thought of this?

1. What is a parliamentary system of government?
2. In India we have Prime Minister but why is there no Prime Minister in the United States of America?
3. What is the difference between a Parliamentary and a Presidential system of government?

Project:

Watch the live telecast proceedings of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on the national channel Doordarshan and write your observations.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Introduction to the Parliamentary Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The interrelationship between the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary is decided by the …….
(a) Government
(b) Presidential System
(c) Constitution
(d) Parliament
Answer:
(c) Constitution

Question 2.
The English Constitution is an …….. Constitution where governance is based on conventions.
(a) changeable
(b) unchangeable
(c) unwritten
(d) written.
Answer:
(c) unwritten

Question 3.
Sometimes, when no party gets a clear majority, ……… government is formed.
(a) Presidential
(b) coalition
(c) Military
(d) communist
Answer:
(b) coalition

State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the False statement and rewrite:

Question 1.
Parliamentary System of government is considered as a contribution of United States of America.
Answer:
False.
Correct: Parliamentary System of government is a contribution of England.

Question 2.
In the Parliamentary System, the Legislature of the Central Government is known as the ‘Parliament’.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Members of the opposition party also take part in the discussion of the questions related to public welfare.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
In the Parliamentary System, the President is directly elected by the people.
Answer:
False.
Correct: In the Presidential System, the President is directly elected by the people.

Find and write:

Complete the concept map:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Write short notes:

Question 1.
Characteristics of Parliamentary System of India:
Answer:
The following are the characteristics of Parliamentary System adopted by India:

1. The Parliament of India is composed of the President, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
2. Fixed number of members of the Parliament are directly elected by the people.
3. All political parties contest elections, which are held at regular intervals.
4. The party having majority in Lok Sabha or a coalition government comes into power.
5. The leader of the majority party becomes the Prime Minister and he selects candidates to form the Council of Ministers.
6. The Executive has to perform the responsibility of its individual minister¬ship as well as the responsibility of the Legislature, for all their actions and policies.

Question 2.
Responsibilities of the Executive in India:
Answer:
The Executive in India has to fulfill following responsibilities:

1. Implementing the laws passed by the Parliament.
2. Framing policies for governing the nation.
3. Functioning as the members of the Legislature.
4. Striving to develop the nation through decisions related to the welfare of the people.

Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
No-confidence motion is an effective tool of keeping a check over the Executive.
Answer:

1. In the Parliamentary System, the Executive is dependent upon the confidence of the Legislature in them.
2. If the Legislature feels that the Executive does not work in accordance to its wishes, it can pass a no-confidence motion against the Executive.
3. If the Legislature passes the no-confidence motion with a majority, then the Executive has to resign.
4. The Constitution has provided this tool to prevent the Executive from misusing its powers.
   Hence, no-confidence motion is an effective tool of keeping a check over the Executive.

Question 2.
The Parliament is of great importance in the Parliamentary System of government.
Answer:

1. In the Parliamentary System of government the members of the Legislature are directly elected by the people.
2. Since the elected members represent the people of the nation in the Parliament, they express and carry the hopes and wishes of the people.
3. The Parliament decides the policies for the welfare of the people.
4. If the Parliament feels that the Executive does not work in accordance to its wishes, it can remove the Executive from power by passing a no-confidence motion against it.

Since, the Parliament reflects the wishes and opinions of the people of the nation, it is of great importance.

Have you thought of this?

Question 1.
What is a Parliamentary System of government?
Answer:

1. The Parliamentary System of government is the one where representatives are directly elected by the people.
2. They are the members of the Legislature, which is also known as the Parliament.
3. In this system, elections are held after fixed period.
4. The party which gets the majority forms the government.
5. In this system, the Executive is dependent on the confidence of the Legislature.

Question 2.
In India we have Prime Minister but why is there no Prime Minister in the United States of America?
Answer:

1. In the Parliamentary System of government, the Prime Minister is the head of the Executive, i.e. the Council of Ministers.
2. In the Presidential System of government, the President is the head of the Executive. ‘
3. Since India has adopted the Parliamentary system, we have the post of the Prime Minister.
4. Since United States of America has adopted Presidential System, they have the post of the President.
5. The post of the Prime Minister does not exist in Presidential System of government.

Question 3.
What is the difference between a Parliamentary and a Presidential System of government?
Answer:
Difference between the Parliamentary and Presidential System of government is as follows:

Parliamentary System	Presidential System
1. President is the Constitutional Head.	President is the Executive Head.
2. Prime Minister and Council of Ministers have more powers.	President has more powers.
3. Council of Ministers is formed by the elected members of Parliament.	President is directly elected by the people.
4. Parliament can remove the Prime Minister by passing a no-confidence motion.	President can be removed only by impeachment.
5. Members of the Executive are also the members of the Legislature.	Legislature and Executive are not dependent on each other.

Question 4.
Why is the role of opposition parties important? Write your opinion.
Answer:
The role of opposition parties is important in Parliamentary as well as Presidential System of government.

1. The opposition parties participate in the discussions and point out the shortcomings in the policies of the government.
2. The opposition parties control the Executive through their arguments based on deep study of the topics discussed in the Parliament.
3. The Executive cannot behave in an irresponsible manner due to the pressure of the opposition parties.
4. The alertness of the opposition parties help in avoiding wrong practices like corruption, ignoring public welfare, passing faulty laws, etc.

8th Std Civics Questions And Answers:

• Introduction to the Parliamentary System Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Indian Parliament Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Union Executive Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Indian Judicial System Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The State Government Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• Bureaucracy Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Solutions Chapter 3 India and European Colonialism Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 12 History Chapter 3 Question Answer India and European Colonialism Maharashtra Board

Class 12 History Chapter 3 India and European Colonialism Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 12 Chapter 3 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement.

Question 1.
Vasco da Gama was a seafarer from ___________
(a) Poland
(b) England
(c) France
(d) Portugal
Answer:
(d) Portugal

Question 2.
The license was given by England to the East India Company to trade with eastern countries by ___________
(a) Sir George Oxenden
(b) Princess Braganza
(c) Queen Elizabeth
(d) Homer
Answer:
(c) Queen Elizabeth

1B. Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’ and write the corrected one.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Arcebispo	Chief Executive Officer
(b) Chancellor	Judge
(c) Vedor da Fazenda	In charge of Company’s Possessions
(d) Capitaon	Captain

Answer:
(a) Arcebispo – Archbishop

2. Complete the concept map.

Question 1.

Answer:

3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
The Indian rulers had to obtain Cartaz.
Answer:
Cartaz: The Cartaz was a license issued by the Portuguese to the Indian rulers for sailing on the Indian Ocean when they established firm control of the Indian Ocean. It usually carried details like the name of the vessel (ship), the name of the captain of the ship, port of departure and arrival, the list of weaponry on the ship loaded for the purpose of self-defense, etc.

Question 2.
Indian rulers found it difficult to fight the Portuguese.
Answer:
The Portuguese established a strong navy. They used to launch sudden attacks on their enemy’s territory from the sea and wreck it completely. The Indian rulers could not match the Portuguese in their war tactics. Later when they established their firm control on the Indian Ocean it became necessary for the Indians to get a license from them for sailing on the Indian Ocean.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Which are the places where the Portuguese established their colonies?
Answer:
By 1608, the Portuguese had established their colonies on the western coast of India at Diu, Daman, Chaul, Goa (including Sashti and Bardish), Honnavar, Gangoli, Basrur, Mangalore, Kannur, Kodungallur, Kochi, and Kollam. Similarly, on the eastern coast, they had trader colonies at Nagapattinam, Mylapore or Sao Tome/San Thom, and Hugli in Bengal. This stretch of the Portuguese empire had its capital at Goa.

Question 2.
What were the rights given to United East India Company by the Dutch government?
Answer:
The Dutch government issued a license to the company to conduct trading with the eastern countries. The same license permitted them to appoint staff, establish factories, build forts, engage in battles against the eastern countries, and also sign treaties with them. Accordingly, the company appointed a Governor-General to take care of Indian affairs.

Class 12 History Chapter 3 India and European Colonialism Intext Questions and Answers

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 19)

Collect information of the church in Kerala, named after Vasco da Gama, with the help of the internet.
Answer:
St. Francis Church:

• Built-in 1503 as one of the oldest European churches in India.
• Originally known as St. Bartholomew.
• Constructed of wood and stone.
• First Portuguese church in India.
• Founded by Pedro Alvarez De Cabral.
• Built-in Persian architecture style.
• The Portuguese built a fort and within the fort, they built a church.
• History has it that Vasco da Gama died during his third visit to India and was buried here in 1524.
• After 14 years his body was moved to Lisbon.

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 21)

Make a list of the ship-building facilities in pre-independence and post-independence India and collect information about the development of the shipbuilding industry.
Answer:
Students can use the following points as references.

• India’s maritime history began during the 3rd millennium B.C.E.
• When Indus valley had trade contact with Mesopotamia.
• Strabo mentions Rome and Greece had maritime trade relations with India.
• The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach India by sea and traded in spices etc. followed by the Dutch.
• The shipbuilding activities of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj are particularly noteworthy. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj built a strong naval force.
• In the modern period, the British East India Company shipped substantial quantities of spices.
• Ship Building was a well-established craft.
• Some of the well-known shipyards in India today are Sembmarine Kakinada Ltd (SKL) India, Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) India, Western India Shipyard Ltd.

Try to do this (Textbook Page No. 21)

The currency of various countries is known by specific names. Prepare a list of countries and their currencies.
Answer:

Country	Currency
1. Afghanistan	Afghan Afghani (AFN)
2. Argentina	Argentine peso (ARS)
3. Australia	Australian dollar (AUS)
4. Bahrain	Bahraini dinar (BHD)
5. China	Chinese yuan (CNY)
6. Denmark	Danish krone (DKK)
7. Egypt	Egyptian pound (EGP)
8. Germany	Euro (EUR)
9. India	Indian rupee (INR)
10. Japan	Japanese yen (JPY)
11. United States of America	US dollar (USD)
12. United Kingdom	Pound sterling (GBP)

Project (Textbook Page No. 23)

Compile the names of Governors of British East India Company from 1600 to 1857. C.E.
Answer:
The Regulating Act of 1773 created the office with the title of Governor-General of Presidency of Fort William or Governor-General of Bengal. He was appointed by the Court of Directors of the East India Company.

Governor-General	Years Active
1. Warren Hastings	1772 – 1785
2. Sir John Macpherson	1785 – 1786
3. Lord Cornwallis	1786 – 1793
4. Sir John Shore	1793 – 1798
5. Lord Wellesley	1798 – 1805
6. Sir George Barlow	1805 – 1807
7. Lord Minto I	1807 – 1815
8. Lord Hastings	1813 – 1823
9. Lord Amherst	1823 – 1828
10. Lord William Bentinck	1828 – 1835
11. Sir Charles Metcalfe	1835 – 1836
12. Lord Auckland	1836 – 1842
13. Lord Dalhousie	1848 – 1856
14. Lord Canning	1856 – 1862
15. Lord Lawrence	1864 – 1869
16. Lord Mayo	1869 – 1872
17. Lord Lytton	1876 – 1880
18 .Lord Ripon	1880 – 1884
19. Lord Dufferin	1884 – 1888
20. Lord Lansdowne	1888 – 1894
21. Lord Curzon	1894 – 1905
22. Lord Minto	1905 – 1910
23. Lord Hardinge	1910 – 1916
24. Lord Chelmsford	1916 – 1921
25. Lord Reading	1921 – 1926
26. Lord Irwin	1926 – 1931
27. Lord Willingdon	1931 – 1936
28. Lord Linlithgow	1936 – 1944
29. Lord Wavell	1944 – 1947
30. Lord Mountbatten	March 1947 – August 1947

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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Civics Solutions Chapter 5 The State Government Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 The State Government Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

The State Government Class 8 Questions And Answers Chapter 5 Maharashtra Board

Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 The State Government Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the correct option and complete the statements:

Question 1.
The winter session of Maharashtra Legislature takes place at ……………… .
(a) Mumbai
(b) Nagpur
(c) Pune
(d) Aurangabad
Answer:
(b) Nagpur

Question 2.
The ……………. appoints the Governor.
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Prime Minister
(c) President
(d) Chief Justice
Answer:
(c) President

Question 3.
The right to summon the state legislature lies with the …………… .
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Governor
(c) President
(d) Speaker
Answer:
(b) Governor

2. Complete the table:

Question 1.

Answer:

3. Write short notes on:

Question 1.
The Governor:
Answer:

1. The Governor is the titular/ nominal head of the state.
2. The government of the state is run in the name of the Governor.
3. He is appointed by the President and holds the office during the pleasure of the President.
4. He appoints the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers.
5. As the head of the state, he enjoys certain important Legislative and Executive powers.
6. He has a right to summon the session of the state legislature.
7. In case the need arises, he can issue ordinance to make the law.

Question 2.
Functions of the Chief Minister:
Answer:
The functions of the Chief Minister, as an Executive head of the state, are as follows:

1. To form an able Council of Ministers giving maximum representation to various regions and social groups.
2. To distribute portfolios considering the political experience, administrative skills, public awareness, leadership, etc. of the ministers.
3. To develop proper cooperation and coordination between Departments, resolve their conflicts and make them work effectively.
4. To lead the state, frame proper policies and implement them effectively, intervene in issues of the state and solve them for the comfort of the people.

4. Answer the following in brief:

Question 1.
Enumerate the functions of the Speaker of the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly).
Answer:
The Speaker is elected by the members of Vidhan Sabha. His functions are as follows:

1. To prepare the order of daily proceedings in the House.
2. To carry out the proceedings of the House in a disciplined manner.
3. To suspend the members for misbehaviour or misconduct.
4. To control and guide the proceedings of the House during sessions.

Question 2.
Why did the Constitution adopt a federal system for India?
Answer:

1. India is a country having large geographic expanse.
2. It has a multicultural population.
3. There is a great diversity in language, religion, ways of life and regional characteristics.
4. It would not have been possible to govern such a huge country from a centralised place. Hence, the Constitution adopted a federal system of India.

Question 3.
What are the considerations of the Chief Minister while allocation of portfolios?
OR
Formation of Council of Ministers is a challenging task for the Chief Minister.
Answer:
After the formation of the Council of Ministers, the Chief Minister has to distribute portfolios among the ministers. He has to consider following aspects:

1. Some portfolios are of prime importance while others are of secondary importance. He has to select appropriate people for each portfolio.
2. He has to consider the experience i and the efficiency of the ministers he has selected.
3. The political experience and administrative skills of the concerned ministers is also taken into consideration by him.
4. Other factors like the awareness of public issues, effective leadership, etc. are also considered by him.
5. If the government is in a coalition, he has to distribute portfolios appropriately among the constituent parties in the alliance.

Do you know?

1. At present, India has 29 Constituent States and 7 Union Territories.
2. All Constituent States have Legislative Assemblies.
3. Out of the 7 Union Territories, only Delhi and Puducherry have Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha).
4. Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh have Bicameral Legislatures (both the Houses).

Project:

Visit official website of the Maharashtra Government and collect information of various ministers and the working of their respective departments.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 5 The State Government Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and complete the statements:

Question 1.
The Indian Union has totally …………….. constituent states.
(a) 22
(b) 25
(c) 29
(d) 32
Answer:
(c) 29

Question 2.
In India, only ……………… states have Bicameral legislatures.
(a) three
(b) five
(c) six
(d) seven
Answer:
(d) seven

Question 3.
Maharashtra’s legislature conducts minimum ………………. sessions in a year.
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
Answer:
(b) three

Question 4.
Distinguished personalities from various fields are nominated by the ……………. to the Vidhan Parishad.
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Speaker
(c) Governor
(d) Chairman
Answer:
(c) Governor

Question 5.
When the legislature is not in session and need arises to make law, the Governor can issue ……………….. .
(a) a Bill
(b) a Proposal
(c) an Ordinance
(d) an Order
Answer:
(c) an Ordinance

State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the False statements and rewrite:

Question 1.
States in India have been formed on the basis of population.
Answer:
False. States in India have been formed on the basis of language.

Question 2.
In exceptional circumstances, elections to Vidhan Sabha can be held before the completion of 5 years.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Absence of cooperation and coordination between Departments can affect the working of the government.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
The people look at the Governor as a ‘Problem Solver’.
Answer:
False. The people look at the Chief Minister as a ‘Problem Solver’.

Question 5.
Every constituent state has a Vidhan Parishad.
Answer:
False. Every constituent state has a Vidhan Sabha.

Find and write:

Question 1.
The State having a government machinery different than other states
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir

Question 2.
The Vidhan Bhavan of Maharashtrais located in:
Answer:
Mumbai

Question 3.
The member of Vidhan Sabha are called:
Answer:
MLA

Question 4.
Major challenges faced by Maharashtra:
Answer:
Terrorism and Naxalite movements

Question 5.
The place where the winter session of Maharashtra’s legislature is conducted:
Answer:
Nagpur.

Complete the following concept maps:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Explain the following concepts:

Question 1.
Session:
Answer:

1. A session is a meeting where members of both the Houses meet.
2. Maharashtra’s legislature conducts minimum three sessions in a year.
3. The budget session and monsoon session of Maharashtra is held in Mumbai while the winter session is held at Nagpur.
4. The Governor has the right to summon and conclude the session.
5. During the session, new laws are passed, existing laws are amended and out-dated laws are repealed.
6. The sessions are conducted under the leadership and guidance of the Speaker and the Chairman.

Question 2.
Council of Ministers:
Answer:

1. The Council of Ministers consists of the Chief Minister and other ministers.
2. The leader of the majority party in Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor.
3. The Governor also appoints the other ministers chosen by the Chief Minister to form Council of Ministers.
4. Framing appropriate laws, working for the welfare of the people, governing the state efficiently are some of the functions of the Council of Ministers.
5. The Chief Minister along with his Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
Powers of the Governor:
Answer:
The Governor enjoys certain important Legislative and Executive powers as the head of the state.

1. The Bills passed by Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad are converted into laws only after receiving his assent.
2. He has the right to summon the session of the state legislature and to conclude it.
3. He can issue an ordinance to make law, on important subject if required, when the Legislature is not in session.
4. He appoints the Chief Minister and the other Council of Ministers.

Explain the following statements with reasons:

Question 1.
The Governor is the titular/nominal head of the state.
Answer:

1. The Constitution has granted Executive powers to the Governor as the head of the state.
2. The government of the state is run in the name of the Governor.
3. But in reality, the administration is carried out by the Chief Minister. Hence, the Governor is the titular/ nominal head of the state.

Question 2.
Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council) is a permanent House.
Answer:

1. All members of the Vidhan Parishad (MLCs) do not retire at the same time.
2. A specific number (1/3rd) of the members retire every 2 years.
3. These vacant seats are filled again by conducting fresh elections for those seats.
4. The tenure of each member is 6 years.
5. Since the Vidhan Parishad is never fully dissolved, it is a permanent House.

Question 3.
India has 29 constituent states, but 31 Vidhan Sabha.
Answer:

1. According to the Constitution, every constituent state must have a Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly).
2. India has 29 constituent states and each state has its Vidhan Sabha.
3. Out of the 7 Union Territories in India, Delhi and Puducherry have Vidhan Sabha. Hence, India has 29 constituent states, but 31 Vidhan Sabha.

Question 4.
The Chief Minister’s post is most important in the state.
Answer:

1. The Chief Minister can select his Council of Ministers according to his choice.
2. He can ask any of his ministers to resign.
3. Framing policies of public welfare and developing the state in a progressive manner entirely depends upon the Chief Minister.
4. The Chief Minister leads the state and people look at him as a problem solver.
5. His intervention in solving the problems of the state comforts the people.

Hence, all these executive powers makes the Chief Minister’s post most important in the State.

Answer the following in brief:

Question 1.
Mention the eligibility conditions for contesting Vidhan Sabha elections.
Answer:
Following are the eligibility conditions for candidates contesting for Vidhan Sabha elections:

1. He/She should be a citizen of India.
2. He/She should have completed 25 years of age.
3. He/She should be a resident of Maharashtra.

Question 2.
Do you consider Maharashtra to be progressive state?
Answer:

1. Industrial development has taken place in Maharashtra on a large scale. It has many industries based on modern technology.
2. Maharashtra’s literacy rate is higher than many other states.
3. It has a rich tradition of saints and social reformers who have nurtured progressive thinking among people.
4. Maharashtra is leading in many fields like education, health, agriculture, sports, tourism, etc.
5. Maharashtra has been a land of Movements. Many important movements like the Labour movement, Farmer’s movement have been initiated here.
6. Similarly, many progressive laws have been passed in Maharashtra.
7. Maharashtra is facing many challenges like terrorism, poverty, crime, Naxalite movements, etc. Even then, I feel that Maharashtra is a progressive state.

8th Std Civics Questions And Answers:

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• The Union Executive Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The Indian Judicial System Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
• The State Government Class 8 Civics Questions And Answers
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