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Sources of Corporate Finance 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 2 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 2 Sources of Corporate Finance Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12 Secretarial Practice Chapter 2 Exercise Solutions

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
___________ is the smallest unit in the total share capital of the company.
(a) Debenture
(b) Bonds
(c) Share
Answer:
(c) Share

Question 2.
The benefit of Depository Receipt is ability to raise capital in ___________ market.
(a) national
(b) local
(c) international
Answer:
(c) international

Question 3.
___________ are residual claimants against the income or assets of the company.
(a) Bondholders
(b) Equity shareholders
(c) Debenture holders
Answer:
(b) Equity shareholders

Question 4.
___________ participate in the management of their company.
(a) Preference shareholders
(b) Depositors
(c) Equity shareholders.
Answer:
(c) Equity shareholders

Question 5.
___________ shares are issued free of cost to existing equity shareholders.
(a) Bonus
(b) Right
(c) Equity
Answer:
(a) Bonus

Question 6.
The holder of preference share has the right to receive ___________ rate of dividend.
(a) fixed
(b) fluctuating
(c) lower
Answer:
(a) Fixed

Question 7.
Accumulated dividend is paid to ___________ preference shares.
(a) redeemable
(b) cumulative
(c) convertible
Answer:
(b) Cumulative

Question 8.
The holder of ___________ preference shares has the right to convert their shares into equity shares.
(a) cumulative
(b) convertible
(c) redeemable
Answer:
(b) Convertible

Question 9.
Debenture holders are ___________ of the company.
(a) creditors
(b) owners
(c) suppliers
Answer:
(a) creditors

Question 10.
___________ is paid on borrowed capital.
(a) Interest
(b) Discount
(c) Dividend
Answer:
(a) Interest

Question 11.
Debenture holders get fixed rate of ___________ return on their investment.
(a) interest
(b) dividend
(c) discount
Answer:
(a) interest

Question 12.
Convertible debentures are converted into ___________ after a specific period.
(a) equity shares
(b) deposits
(c) bonds
Answer:
(a) equity shares

Question 13.
Retained earnings are ___________ source of financing.
(a) internal
(b) external
(c) additional
Answer:
(a) internal

Question 14.
The holder of bond is ___________ of the company.
(a) secretary
(b) owner
(c) creditor
Answer:
(c) creditor

Question 15.
Company can accept deposits from public, minimum for ___________ months.
(a) six
(b) nine
(c) twelve
Answer:
(a) six

Question 16.
Company can accept deposits from public maximum for ___________ months.
(a) 12
(b) 24
(c) 36
Answer:
(c) 36

Question 17.
A depository receipt traded in ___________ is called American Depository Receipt.
(a) London
(b) Japan
(c) USA
Answer:
(c) the USA

1B. Match the pairs.

Question 1.

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Equity share capital	(1) Venture capital
(b) Debenture Trustees	(2) Trust Deed
(c) Preference shareholders	(3) Cautious investor
(d) Debenture Certificate	(4) Instrument of Debt
(e) Bonus shares	(5) Capitalisation of profit

1C. Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
The real masters of the company.
Answer:
Equity shareholders

Question 2.
A document of ownership of shares.
Answer:
Share certificate

Question 3.
The holders of these shares are entitled to participate in surplus profits.
Answer:
Participating preference shares

Question 4.
A party through whom the company deals with debenture holders.
Answer:
Debenture trustees

Question 5.
Name the shareholder who participates in the management.
Answer:
Equity shareholders

Question 6.
The value of a share is written on the share certificate.
Answer:
Face value

Question 7.
The value of a share is determined by demand and supply forces in the share market.
Answer:
Market value

Question 8.
The policy of using undistributed profit for the business.
Answer:
Retained earnings/ploughing back of profit

Question 9.
It is an acknowledgment of a loan issued by the company to the depositor.
Answer:
Deposit receipt

Question 10.
A dollar-denominated instrument trader in the USA.
Answer:
American Depository Receipt

Question 11.
The Depository Receipt is traded in a country other than the USA.
Answer:
Global depository receipt

Question 12.
Money raised by the company from the public for a minimum of 6 months to a maximum of 39 months.
Answer:
Public Deposits

Question 13.
Credit extended by the suppliers with an intention to increase their sales.
Answer:
Trade Credit

Question 14.
The credit facility is provided to a company having a current account with the bank.
Answer:
Overdraft

1D. State Whether the following statements are True or False.

Question 1.
Equity share capital is known as venture capital.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Equity shareholders enjoy a fixed rate of dividends.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Debenture holders have the right to vote at a general meeting of the company.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Equity shareholders are described as ‘shock absorbers’ when a company has a financial crisis.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Bondholders are owners of the company.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Cash credit is given against hypothecation of goods and security.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Trade credit is a major source of long-term finance.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
Depository bank stores the shares on behalf of the GDR holder.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
Financial institutions underwrite the issue of securities.
Answer:
True

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Debenture, Public Deposit, Retained Earnings
Answer:
Retained earnings

Question 2.
Face value, Market value, Redemption value
Answer:
Redemption value

Question 3.
Share certificate, Debenture certificate, ADR
Answer:
ADR

Question 4.
Trade credit, Overdraft, Cash credit
Answer:
Trade credit

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
The finance needed by business organisation is termed as ___________
Answer:
Capital

Question 2.
The convertible preference shareholders have a right to convert their shares into ___________
Answer:
Equity shares

Question 3.
Equity shareholders elect their representative Called ___________
Answer:
Directors

Question 4.
Bonus shares are issued as gift to ___________
Answer:
Equity share holders

Question 5.
The bondholders are ___________of the company.
Answer:
Creditors

Question 6.
Depository receipt traded in a country other than USA is called ___________
Answer:
Global Depository Receipt

Question 7.
First Industrial policy was declared in the year ___________
Answer:
1948

Question 8.
When goods are delivered by the supplier to the customer on the basis of deferred payment is called as ___________
Answer:
Trade credit

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

(Fluctuating rate of dividend, Preference shares, Interest at fixed rate, Retained earnings, short term loan)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Equity shares	(1) Fluctuating rate of dividend
(b) Preference shares	(2) Dividend at a fixed rate
(c) Debentures	(3) Interest at a fixed rate
(d) Retained earnings	(4) Accumulated corporate profit
(e) Public Deposit	(5) short term loan

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is a share?
Answer:
A share is the smallest unit of the share capital of a company.

Question 2.
What are equity shares?
Answer:
Equity shares are shares that do not preference shares and do not carry priority in receiving dividends nor repayment of capital.

Question 3.
What are preference shares?
Answer:
Preference shares are shares that have preferential rights with regard to receiving dividends and repayment of capital.

Question 4.
What are retained earnings?
Answer:
A part of the net profit which is not distributed to shareholders as dividend but retained by the company as reserve fund is retained earnings.

Question 5.
What is a debenture?
Answer:
It is a document/instrument issued in the form of a debenture certificate under the common seal of the company acknowledging/evidencing the debt.

Question 6.
What is a bond?
Answer:
A bond is a debt security and a formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest.

Question 7.
In which country can ADR be issued?
Answer:
ADR (American Depository Receipt) is a depository Receipt that is issued in the USA.

Question 8.
In which country can GDR be issued?
Answer:
GDR (Global depository receipt) can be issued in countries other than the USA.

Question 9.
What are convertible debentures?
Answer:
Convertible debentures are debentures that are converted into equity shares after a specific period as specified at the time of issue.

Question 10.
What are cumulative preference shares?
Answer:
Cumulative preference shares are shares where dividend, if not paid in a year accumulates till it is paid.

1I. Correct the underlined words and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Owned capital is temporary capital.
Answer:
Owned capital is permanent capital.

Question 2.
Equity shares get dividends at a fixed rate.
Answer:
Equity shares get dividends at fluctuating rates.

Question 3.
Preference shares get dividends at fluctuating rates.
Answer:
Preference shares get dividends at a fixed rate.

Question 4.
Retained earnings are an external source of finance.
Answer:
Retained earnings are an internal source of finance.

Question 5.
The debenture holder is the owner of the company.
Answer:
The debenture holder is a creditor of the company.

Question 6.
Bond is a source of short-term finance.
Answer:
Bond is a source of long-term finance.

Question 7.
Depository receipt traded in the USA is called Global Depository Receipt.
Answer:
Depository receipt traded in the USA is called American Depository Receipt.

2. Explain the following terms/Concepts.

Question 1.
Borrowed capital
Answer:

• It consists of capital that is raised through borrowings.
• It can be raised by issuing debentures, deposits, loans from banks or financial institutions.

Question 2.
Owned capital
Answer:

• Owned capital is the capital raised by the company with the help of owners (shareholders).
• It can be raised by issuing equity and preference shares.

Question 3.
Ploughing back of profit
Answer:

• Ploughing back of profit or retained earnings is a management policy under which all profits are not distributed amongst shareholders.
• It is an internal source of financing or self-financing as when the need arises, such reserves are ploughed back, brought into the business to meet the financial needs.

Question 4.
Overdraft
Answer:

• It is a credit agreement made with a bank that allows an account holder to withdraw more money than what a company has in its account up to a specific/prescribed limit.
• This facility is available to current account holders.

Question 5.
Trade Credit
Answer:

• Trade credit is credit extended by one trader to another when goods and services are bought/sold on credit.
• It facilitates the purchase of supplies without making an immediate payment.
• It is used by business organisations as a source of short-term financing and granted to those having reasonable standing and goodwill.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. The Balance sheet of a Donald Company for the year 2018-19 reveals equity share capital of Rs. 25,00,000 and retained earnings of Rs. 50,00,000.

Question (a).
Is the company financially sound?
Answer:
The company is financially sound as it has double the amount as reserves or retained earnings or kept aside profits.

Question (b).
Can the retained earnings be converted into capital?
Answer:
Yes, the retained earnings can be converted into capital by means of capitalisation of reserves.

Question (c).
What type of source retained earning is?
Answer:
Retained earning is self-financing or an internal source of finance.

2. Mr. Satish is a speculator. He desires to take advantage of the growing market for the company’s products and earn handsomely.

Question (a).
According to you, which type of share Mr. Satish will choose to invest in.
Answer:
As Mr. Satish is a speculator, he will choose equity shares to invest in because if there are good earnings/profits, so will be the rate of dividend.

Question (b).
What does he receive as a return on investment?
Answer:
He receives a fluctuating rate of dividends.

Question (C).
State anyone, right he will enjoy as a shareholder.
Answer:
The right to attend the meeting and vote on resolutions can be the right Mr. Satish can exercise as a member.

3. Mr. Rohit, an individual investor, invests his own funds in the securities. He depends on investment income and does not want to take any risk. He is interested in the definite rate of income and safety of the principal.

Question (a).
Name the type of security that Mr. Rohit will opt for.
Answer:
As Mr. Rohit does not want to take risks, he will opt for preference shares which will assure him of steady income and safety of his investment.

Question (b).
What does he receive as a return on his investment?
Answer:
Mr. Rohit will receive dividends in return.

Question (c).
The return on investment which he receives is fixed or fluctuating.
Answer:
The return on his investment will be fixed and not fluctuating.

4. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Equity Shares and Preference Shares
Answer:

Points	Equity Shares	Preference Shares
1. Meaning	Shares that are not preference shares are called equity shares i.e. these shares do not have the preferential rights for payment of dividends and repayment of capital.	Preferences shares are shares that carry preferential rights as to payment of: Dividend and Repayment of capital.
2. Rate of Dividend	Equity shares are given dividends at a fluctuating rate depending upon the profits of the company.	Preference shareholders get dividends at a fixed rate.
3. Voting Right	Equity shareholders enjoy normal voting rights. They participate in the management of their company.	Preference shareholders do not enjoy normal voting right. They can vote only on matters affecting their interest.
4. Return of Capital	Equity capital can not be returned during the lifetime of the company, (except in case of buyback).	A company can issue redeemable preference shares, which can be repaid during the lifetime of the company.
5. Nature of capital	Equity capital is known as ‘Risk Capital’.	Preference capital is ‘Safe Capital’ with a stable return.
6. Nature of investor	The investors who are ready to take risks to invest in equity shares.	Investors who are cautious about the safety of their investment invest in preference shares.
7. Face Value	The face value of equity shares is generally ₹ 1/- or ₹ 10/- it is relatively low.	The face value of preference shares is relatively higher i.e. ₹ 100/- and so on.
8. Right and bonus issue	Equity shareholder is entitled to get bonus and right issue.	Preference shareholders are not eligible for bonuses and right issues.
9. Capital appreciation	The market value of equity shares increases with the prosperity of the company. It leads to an increase in the value of shares.	The market value of preference shares does not fluctuate, so there is no possibility/cheques of capital appreciation.
10. Risk	Equity shares are subject to higher risk.	Preference shares are subject to less risk.
11. Types	Equity shares are classified into: Equity shares with normal voting rights. Equity shares with differential voting rights.	Preference shares are classified as: Cumulative Preference Shares Non-Cumulative Preference Shares Convertible Preference Shares Non-Convertible Preference Shares Redeemable Preference Shares Irredeemable Preference Shares Participating Preference Shares Non-Participating Preference Shares

Question 2.
Shares and Debentures
Answer:

Points	Shares	Debentures
1. Meaning	Share is the smallest unit in the total share capital of the company. It is known as ownership securities.	A debenture is an instrument evidencing debt under the seal of the Company. They are also known as creditor ship securities.
2. Status	A holder of shares is the owner of the company. Hence, share capital is owned capital.	A holder of debenture is the creditor of the company. Hence, Debenture capital is loan capital or borrowed capital.
3. Nature	It is permanent capital. It is not repaid during the lifetime of the company.	It is temporary capital. Generally, it is repaid after a specific period.
4. Voting/Right	Shareholders being owners enjoy normal voting rights in general meetings and can participate in the management of the company.	Debenture holders being creditors, do not have any voting right and can not participate in the management of the company.
5. Return on Investment	Return on shares is called a dividend. Equity shareholders receive dividends at a fluctuating rate whereas preference shareholders receive dividends at a fixed rate.	Return on debenture is called interest. It is fixed at the time of issue. Interest is paid even when a company has no profit.
6. Security	Share capital is unsecured capital. No security is offered to the shareholder.	Debenture capital being loan capital is secured by creating a charge on Company’s property.
7. Time of Issue	Shares are issued in the initial stages of the company formation.	Debentures are issued at a later stage when the company has properties to offer as security.
8. Suitability	Shares are suitable for long-term finance.	Debentures are suitable for medium-term finance.
9. Types	Shares are classified into: Equity shares Preference	A debenture is classified as: Registered Debentures Bearer Debentures Secured Debentures Unsecured Debentures Redeemable Debentures Irredeemable Debentures Convertible Debentures Non-Convertible Debentures
10. Position on liquidation	On liquidation of a company, shareholders rank last in the list of claimants.	Debenture holders being creditors, rank prior to shareholders for repayment on liquidation of the company.

Question 3.
Owned Capital and Borrowed Capital
Answer:

Points	Owned Capital	Borrowed Capital
1. Meaning	It is that capital that is contributed by shareholders.	It is that capital that is borrowed from creditors. It is also known as debt capital.
2. Sources	This capital is collected by the issue of equity shares and preference shares, ploughing back of profits (ownership securities).	It is collected by way of the issue of debentures, fixed deposits, loans from banks/financial institutions, etc. (loan, borrowings).
3. Return on Investment	The shareholders get dividends as income on their investment. The rate of dividend is fluctuating, in the case of equity shares but is fixed in the case of preference shares.	The debt capital holders get interested as income on their investment. Interest is paid at a fixed rate.
4. Status	The shareholders are owners of the company.	The debt holders are creditors of the company.
5. Voting right	The equity shareholders enjoy normal voting right at the general meetings.	The creditors do not enjoy voting rights at the general meeting.
6. Repayment of Capital Redemption	The shareholders do not enjoy priority over creditors. They are eligible for repayment of Capital only after making payment to creditors at the time of windings up of the company.	The creditors get priority over the shareholders in case of return of principal amount at the time of winding up of the company.
7. Charge on assets	The shareholders do not have any charge on the assets of the company.	The secured debenture holders have a change on the assets of the company.

5. Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What is a public deposit?
Answer:

• Public deposit is an important source of financing short-term requirements of the company.
• Companies generally receive public deposits for a period ranging from 6 months to 36 months.
• Interest is paid by the companies on such deposits.
• The company issues a’ Deposit Receipt’ to the depositor.
• The receipt is an acknowledgment of debt/loan by the company.
• Deposits are either secured or unsecured loans offered by a company.
• It is considered a risky investment but investors can earn high returns on public deposits.

Advantages of deposits to the company

• It is an easier method of mobilizing funds during periods of credit squeeze.
• The rate of interest payable by the company on public deposits is lower than the interest from banks and financial institutions.
• It helps the company to borrow funds from a larger segment and thus, reduces dependence on financial institutions.

Question 2.
What are Global Depository Receipt and American Depository Receipt?
Answer:

• The shares that are issued by public limited companies are traded in various share markets.
• In India, shares are traded in the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) National Stock Exchange (NSE), etc.
• Similarly, Shares are traded in foreign stock exchanges like NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) or NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation).
• Companies that cannot list directly on foreign stock exchange get listed indirectly using GDR & ADR.
• GDR and ADR are Dollar/Euro denominated instruments traded on stock exchanges of foreign countries and are depository receipts containing a fixed number of shares.
• The Depository Receipts which are traded in the USA are called ADRs and Depository Receipts which are traded in all foreign countries other than the USA are called GDR.
• Indian Companies raise equity capital in the international market through GDR and ADR.
• Companies issue shares to an intermediary called ‘depository’.
• Bank of New York, Citigroup, etc act as Foreign Depository Bank.
• The Depository Banks issue GDRs or ADRs to investors against Indian Company’s shares.
• These ‘Depository Receipts’ are then, sold to foreign investors who wish to invest their savings in Indian Cost.
• The Depository Receipts are listed on the stock exchanges like regular shares.
• It is a depository bank that stores the shares on behalf of the receipt holder.
• NRI and foreign investors buy Depository Receipt Using their regular equity trading account.
• The company pays dividends in the home currency to the depository and the depository converts them into the currency of investor and pays dividends.
• Indian Companies like HDFC, ICICI, Infosys Technologies, MTNL, WIPRO have ADR and GDR.
  • Tata Motors and VSNL have ADRs.
  • Bajaj Auto Limited ITC, L&T, Hindalco, Ranbaxy Laboratories, and SBI have GDRs.
  • ADR allows the sale of securities only in the American market whereas GDR allows the sale of securities globally.

Question 3.
What is Trade Credit?
Answer:

• Every business requires trade credit and is common to all business types.
• Credit sales or granting of credit is inevitable in the present competitive business world.
• It is short-term financing to businesses.
• The small retailers, to a large extent, rely on obtaining trade credit from their suppliers.
• The cheapest method of financing; it is an easy kind of credit that can be obtained without signing any debt instrument.
• This is not a cash loan. It results from a sale of goods services which have to be paid sometime after the sale takes place.
• It is given by one trader to another trader to delay payment for goods and services involved in the transaction.
• Suppliers sell goods and willingly allow 30 days or more credit period for the bill to be paid.
• They offer discounts if bills are cleared within a short period such as 10 or 15 days.
• Such credit is given/granted to those having reasonable standing and goodwill.

Advantages of Trade Credit:

• Trade Credit is the cheapest and easiest method for raising short-term finance.
• It can be obtained without making any formal and written agreement or signing the same.
• It is readily available whenever goods and services are purchased on credit in bulk.
• It is free of cost source of financing.
• The terms of trade are lenient and not rigid.

Question 4.
What are the schemes for disbursement of credit by banks?
Answer:
Meaning: Banks play an important role in terms of providing finance to the companies.
They provide short-term finance for working capital, in the form of bank and trade credits.

The innovative schemes by banks for disbursement of credit are as follows:
(i) Overdraft:

• A company having a current account with the bank is allowed an overdraft facility.
• The borrower can withdraw funds/overdraw on his current account up to the credit limit sanctioned by the bank.
• Any number of drawings up to the sanctioned limit is allowed for a stipulated term period.
• Interest is determined/calculated on the basis of the actual amount overdrawn.
• Repayments can be made during the time period.

(ii) Cash Credit:

• The borrower can withdraw the amount from his cash credit up to a stipulated/granted limit based on security margin.
• Cash credit is given against pledge or hypothecation of goods or by providing alternate securities.
• Interest is charged on the outstanding amount borrowed and not on the credit limit sanctioned.

(iii) Cash Loans:

• In this, the total amount of the loan is credited by the bank to the borrower’s account.
• Interest is payable on the actual outstanding balance.

(iv) Discounting bills of exchange:

• In the bill of exchange, the drawer of the bill (seller) receives money from the drawee (buyer) on the date or after the due date (the term mentioned in the bill).
• But due to discounting facility the drawer can receive money before the due date by discounting the bill with the bank (by giving the bill as security to the bank).
• The bank gives money to the drawer less than the face value of the bill (amount mentioned in the bill) after deducting a certain amount known as discounting charges.
• The bills are usually traded bills i.e. outcome of trade transactions.
• The bills are accepted by the banks and cash is advanced against them.

Question 5.
State the features of bonds.
Answer:
Definition:
According to Webster Dictionary, “a bond is an interest bearing certificate issued by a Government or business firm promising to pay the holder a specific sum at a specified date”.
A bond is thus-

• A formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest.
• Interest is payable at a fixed internal or on the maturity of the bond.
• A bond is a loan.
• The holder is a lender to the company.
• He gets a fixed rate of interest.

Features:
(i) Nature of finance:

• It is debt or loan finance.
• It provides long-term finance of 5 years, 10 years, 25 years, 50 years.

(ii) Status of investor:

• The bondholders are creditors.
• They are non-owners and hence, not entitled to participate in the general meetings.
• The bondholder has no right to vote.

(iii) Return on bonds:

• The bondholders get a fixed rate of interest.
• It is payable on maturity or at a regular interval.
• Interest is paid to the bondholder at a fixed rate.

(iv) Repayment:

• A bond is a formal contract to repay borrowed money.
• Bonds have a specific maturity date, on which the principal amount is repaid.

6. Justify the following statements:

Question 1.
Equity shareholders are real owners and controllers of the company.
Answer:

• They do not have special preferential rights as to dividends or returns of capital in the event of the winding-up of the company.
• They are joint owners and thus, have ownership rights.
• They have the right to participate in the management of the company and to vote on every resolution in the meetings thus, having exclusive voting rights.
• They use the right to vote to appoint directors, amend Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, can remove directors appoint bankers, etc.
• Their shares bear ultimate risks associated with ownership.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that the equity shareholders are real owners and controllers of the company.

Question 2.
Preference Shares do not carry normal voting rights.
Answer:

• Preference shares enjoy priority or preference over equity shareholders as regards payment of dividends and repayment of capital.
• They carry a fixed rate of dividend.
• They do not take much risk as they are cautious investors.
• They attend class meetings if they have any problem affecting their interests or dividend is not paid to them for two or more consecutive years.
• As they do not take risks, they do not attend general meetings or take part in the management nor vote at the meetings.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that the preference shares do not carry voting rights.

Question 3.
The debenture is secured by a charge on assets of the company.
Answer:

• A debenture is a document that grants lenders a charge over a company’s assets giving them a means of collecting debt if a default occurs.
• The charges may be floating or fixed.
• A specific property is pledged as security.
• In case the debenture is not redeemed or exercised, the lenders can recover the cost by selling the fixed assets.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that the debenture is secured by a charge on assets of the company.

Question 4.
Retained earnings are the simple and cheapest method of raising finance.
Answer:

• Retained earnings is an internal source of financing used by established companies.
• Retained earnings is a kept aside profit by the company instead of distributing all the dividends to the shareholders.
• The accumulated profits are re-invested by the companies by issuing bonus shares.
• It does not create a charge on assets, nor dilute the shareholdings.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that the retained earnings also known as ploughing back of profit/capitalization of reserves/self-financing are the simple and cheapest methods of raising finance.

Question 5.
Public deposit is a good source of short-term financing.
Answer:

• Deposits can be accepted by the general public by public limited companies and not private limited companies.
• Deposits are accepted from the general public for a short term i.e. minimum 6 months and a maximum of 36 months or a 3-year term.
• The amount so raised is used for short-term financial requirements.
• The time of deposit is predetermined in advance and paid after the expiry of such period as per terms and conditions agreed.
• The depositors form the general public not necessarily equity shareholders.
• The administrative cost of deposits of the company is lower than that involved in the issue of shares and debentures.
• The rate of interest payable is lower than other loans. Thus, it is rightly said, that the public deposit is a good source for meeting short-term requirements.

Question 6.
The bondholder is a creditor of the company.
Answer:

• A bond is a debt security which the company borrows for long-term finance and issues certificates under its seal as acknowledgment.
• The owners get interested as a return on their investment which is decided and fixed at the time of issue.
• The interest payable to bondholders is a fixed charge and a direct expenditure.
• It has to be paid whether the company makes a profit or not.
• As the bondholders are creditors they do not have the right to attend meetings or participate in management.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that the bondholder is a creditor of the company.

Question 7.
Trade credit is not a cash loan.
Answer:

• Trade credit is a business-to-business agreement wherein there is an arrangement to purchase goods and services on credit and pays at a later date and not immediately.
• The credit period extends up to a month.
• Discount is given if the same is paid earlier.
• It is an interest-free loan given by one businessman to another.
• It does not involve loan formalities but only a trade transaction. Hence, not a cash loan.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that the trade credit is not a cash loan.

Question 8.
Different investors have different preferences.
Answer:

• Investors make different decisions and have different risk preferences when getting gains and losses.
• Educated ones may opt for capital markets as compared to others who may invest in gold or silver.
• Cautious investors are ready to have steady income rather than fluctuations.
• Risk-takers are ready to face the ups and downs of their invested money and on their returns.
• Active investors try to beat the market while passive track the market index.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that the different investors have different choices and preferences.

Question 9.
Equity Capital is risk capital.
Answer:

• Equity shareholders have a claim over residual proceeds of the company.
• In the event of winding up, they are the last to be paid off after setting the claims of creditors and external liabilities.
• They have fluctuating returns and risk of fluctuating market value.
• Equity capital is permanent capital and not refunded during the lifetime of the company.
• Not having any assurance as regards dividend, repayment of capital Equity Capital becomes risk capital.
• Thus, it is rightly said, that equity capital is risk capital.

7. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What are a share and state its features?
Answer:

• The term share is defined by section 2(84) of the Companies Act 2013 ‘Share means a share in the share capital of a company and includes stock.’ The capital of a company is divided into a large number of shares.
• It facilitates the public to subscribe to the company’s capital in smaller amounts.
• The share is thus, an indivisible unit of share capital.
• It is a unit by which the share capital is divided.
• The total capital is divided into small parts and each such part is called a share.
• The value of each part/unit is known as face value.
• A person can purchase any number of shares as and when he or she desires.
• A person who purchases shares of the company is known as a shareholder of the company.
• Generally, companies issue equity shares and preference shares in the market.

Features of shares:
(i) Meaning:

• Share is the smallest unit in the total share capital of a company.
• The total share capital of a company is divided into small parts and each part is called a share.

(ii) Ownership:

• A share shows the ownership of the shareholder.
• The owner of the share is called a shareholder.

(iii) Distinctive number:

• Unless dematerialized, each share has a distinct number, which is noted in the share certificate.
• A share has a distinct number for identification.

(iv) Evidence of title:

• The company issues a share certificate under its common seal.
• It is a document of title of ownership of the share.
• A share is not a visible thing.
• It is shown by share certificate or in the form of ‘Demat share’

(v) Value of a share:

• Each share has a value expressed in terms of money.
• Face value: This value is written on the share certificate and mentioned in the Memorandum of Association.
• Issue Value: It is the price at which a company sells its shares. At par – equal to face value; At premium – more than the face value; At discount – Less than the face value.

(vi) Rights:

• A share confers/gives certain rights to the shareholders.
• Rights such as the right to receive dividends, right to inspect statutory books, right to attend shareholders’ meetings, right to vote in meetings, etc. (group rights), and right to receive notice, circulars, dividends, bonus shares, rights issue, etc. (individual rights).

(vii) Income:

• A shareholder is entitled to get a share in the net profit of the company.
• It is called a dividend.

(viii) Transferability:

• The shares of the public Ltd. company are freely transferable as per the rules laid down in the Articles of Association.
• Shares of a private company cannot be transferred.

(ix) Property of shareholder:

• A share is a movable property of a member.
• It can be transferred (gifted, sold) or transmitted (passed on to the legal heir after/due to death, insolvency or insanity of a member).

(x) Kinds of shares:

• A company issues two types of shares depending upon the right to control, income and risk.
• Equity shares – which do not carry preferential right to receive dividend or repayment of capital when the company winds up its activities.
• Preference shares – which carry preferential rights as regards dividend and repayment of capital in the event of winding up of the company.

Question 2.
What is an equity share? Explain its features.
Answer:

• Equity shares are the fundamental and basic source of financing activities of the business.
• Equity shares are also known as ordinary shares.
• Indian Companies Act 1956 defines equity shares as those shares which do not preference shares.
• The equity shares do not enjoy a preference in getting dividends.

Features of equity shares:
(i) Permanent Capital:

• Equity shares are irredeemable shares. It is permanent capital.
• The amount received from equity shares is not refunded by the company during its lifetime.
• Equity shares become redeemable/refundable only in the event of the winding-up of the company or the company decides to buy back shares.
• Equity shareholders provide long-term and permanent capital to the company.

(ii) Fluctuating dividend:

• Equity shares do not have a fixed rate of dividend.
• The rate of dividend depends upon the amount of profit earned by the company.
• If a company earns more profit, the dividend is paid at a higher rate.
• If there is insufficient profit, the Board of Directors may postpone the payment of dividends.
• The shareholders cannot compel them to declare and pay the dividend.
• The dividend is thus, always uncertain and fluctuating.
• The income of equity shares is uncertain and irregular.

(iii) Rights:

• Equity shareholders enjoy certain rights.
• Right to share in profit when distributed as dividend.
• Right to vote by which they elect Directors, amend Memorandum, Articles, etc.
• Right to inspect books of account of their company.
• Right to transfer shares.
• Participation in management.
• Enjoy Right Issue and Bonus Issue.

(iv) No preferential right:

• Equity shareholders do not enjoy preferential rights in respect to the payment of dividends.
• They are paid dividends only after the dividend is paid to preference shareholders.
• At the time of winding up, they are the last claimants. They are paid last after all the other claims are settled.

(v) Controlling power:

• The control of a company vests in the hands of equity shareholders.
• They are often described as real masters of the company as they enjoy exclusive voting rights.
• Equity shareholders may exercise their voting right by proxies, without attending the meeting in person.
• The Act provides the right to cast vote in proportion to the number of shareholdings.
• They participate in the management of the company.
• They elect their representatives called the Board of Directors for management of the company.

(vi) Risk:

• Equity shareholders bear maximum risk in the company.
• They are described as ‘shock absorbers when the company is in a financial crisis.
• The rate of dividend falls if the income of the company falls.
• The market value of shares goes down resulting in capital loss.

(vii) Residual claimants:

• A residual claim means the last claim on the earnings of the company.
• Equity shareholders are owners and they are residual claimants to all earnings after expenses, taxes, dividends, interests are paid.
• Even though equity shareholders are the last claimants, they have the advantage of receiving the entire earnings that are leftover.

(viii) No charge on assets:

• The equity share does not create any charge over the assets of the company.
• There is no security/guarantee of capital invested being returned.

(ix) Bonus issue:

• Bonus shares are issued as gifts to equity shareholders.
• They are issued ‘free of cost’.
• These shares are issued out of accumulated profits.
• These shares are issued to existing equity shareholders in a certain ratio or proportion of their existing shareholdings.
• Capital investment of equity shareholders grows on its own.
• This facility is available only to equity shareholders.

(x) Rights issue:

• Equity shareholders get the benefit of rights issues.
• When a company raises further capital by issue of shares, the existing shareholders are given priority to get newly offered shares, known as a rights issue.

(xi) Face value:

• The face value of equity share is very less.
• It can be ₹ 10 per share or even ₹ 1/- per share

(xii) Market value:

• Market value fluctuates, according to the demand and supply of shares.
• The demand and supply of equity shares depend on profits earned and dividends declared.
• When a company earns huge profits, the market value of shares increases.
• When it incurs a loss, the market value of shares decreases.
• There are frequent fluctuations in the market value of shares in comparison to other securities.
• Equity shares are more appealing to speculators.

(xiii) Capital Appreciation:

• Share capital appreciation takes place when the market value of share increases in the share market.
• The profitability and prosperity of a company enhance the reputation of the company in the share market and thus, facilitates appreciation of the market value of equity shares.

Question 3.
Define preference shares/What are preference shares? What are the different types of preference shares?
Answer:

• These shares have certain privileges and preferential rights such as to payment of dividends, return of capital, etc.
• Preference Share has which fixed rate of dividend is prescribed at the time of issue.
• The preference shareholders are co-owners but not controllers.
• They are cautious investors as they are interested in the safety of the investment.

(i) Cumulative Preference Shares:

• Cumulative preference shares are those shares on which dividend accumulates until it is fully paid.
• That is if the dividend is not paid in one or more years due to inadequate profit, then such unpaid dividend gets accumulated and is carried forward till next year.
• The accumulated dividend is paid when the company performs well.
• The arrears of dividends are paid before making payment to equity shareholders.
• The preference shares are always cumulative unless otherwise stated in Articles of Association.

(ii) Non-Cumulative Preference Shares:

• The dividend on these shares does not accumulate.
• That is the dividend on shares can be paid only out of profits of that particular year.
• The right to claim dividends will lapse if the company does not make a profit in that particular year.
• If the dividend is not paid in a year, it is lost.

(iii) Participating Preference Shares:

• The holders of these shares are entitled to participate in surplus profit besides preferential dividends. They participate in the high-profit condition of the company.
• Surplus profit here means excess profit that remains after making payment of dividends to equity shareholders.
• Such surplus profit up to a certain limit is distributed to preference shareholders.

(iv) Non-Participating Preference Shares:

• The preference shares are deemed to be non-participating if there is no clear provision in Articles of Association regarding participation in surplus profit.
• Such shareholders are entitled to receive a fixed rate of a dividend prescribed in the issue.

(v) Convertible Preference Shares:

• These shares have a right to convert their preference shares into equity shares.
• The conversion takes place within a certain agreed fixed period.

(vi) Non-Convertible Preference Shares:

• These shares are not converted into equity shares.
• They will remain as preference shares forever till paid back.

(vii) Redeemable Preference Shares:

• Shares that can be redeemed after a certain fixed period are called redeemable preference shares.
• A company limited by shares if authorized by Articles of Association issues redeemable preference shares.
• Such shares must be fully paid.
• The shares are redeemed out of divisible profit or out of the fresh issue of shares made for this purpose.

(viii) Irredeemable Preference Shares:

• Shares which are not redeemable are payable only on winding up of the company and are called irredeemable preference shares.
• As per section 55(1) of the Companies Act 2013, the company cannot issue irredeemable preference shares in India.
• Thus, are the types of preference shares.

Question 4.
What are preference shares? State its features.
Answer:

• The shares which carry preferential rights are termed preference shares.
• These shares have certain privileges and preferential rights such as payment of dividend, return of capital, etc.
• The preference shareholders are co-owners but not controllers.
• They are cautious investors as they are interested in the safety of the investment.
• They prefer a steady rate of returns on investment.

Features of preference shares:
(i) Preference for dividend:

• They have the first charge on the distributable amount of annual profits.
• The dividend is payable to preference shareholders before anything else is paid to equity shares, but after the settlement of dues of debentures, bonds and loans.

(ii) Prior repayment of capital:

• Preference shareholders have a preference over equity shareholders in respect of return of capital when the company is liquidated.
• It saves preference shareholders from capital losses.

(iii) Fixed return:

• These shares carry dividends at a fixed rate.
• The rate of dividend is predetermined at the time of issue.
• It may be in the form of a fixed sum or may be calculated at a fixed rate.
• The preference shareholders are entitled to dividends which can be paid only out of profit.
• Though the rate of dividend is fixed, the director in the financial crisis of the company may decide that no dividend be paid if there are no profits, the preference shareholders would have no claims for the dividend.

(iv) Nature of capital:

• Preference share capital is safe capital as the rate of dividend and market value do not fluctuate.
• Preference shares do not provide permanent share capital.
• They are redeemed after a certain period of time.
• It is generally issued at a later stage when a company gets established business.
• They are used to satisfy the need for additional capital of the company.

(v) Market value:

• The market value of preference shares does not change as the rate of dividend payable to them is fixed.
• The capital appreciation is considered to be low as compared with equity shares.

(vi) Voting right:

• The preference shares do not have normal voting rights.
• They have voting rights in matters that affect their interests – change of rights in terms of repayment of capital, or dividend payable to them are in arrears for two or more years.

(vii) Risk:

• Cautious investors generally purchase preference shares.
• Safety of capital and fixed return on investment are advantages attached with preference shares.
• These shares are a boon for shareholders during the depression when the interest rate is continuously falling.

(viii) Face value:

• The face value of preference shares is relatively higher than equity shares.
• They are normally issued at a face value of ₹ 100/-

(ix) Right or Bonus issue:

• Preference shareholders are not entitled to bonus or rights issues.
• It can be issued to the equity shares only.

(x) Nature of investor:

• Preference shares attract a moderate type of investors.
• Investors who are conservative, cautious, interested in the safety of capital, expect a steady rate of returns on investment purchase preference shares.

Question 5.
What is Debenture/Define Debenture. Discuss the different types of Debentures.
Answer:

• Debentures are one of the main sources of raising debt capital for meeting long-term and medium-term financial needs.
• Debentures represent borrowed capital.
• A person who purchased debenture is called a debenture holder.
• The holders get a fixed rate of interest as a return on their investment.
• The Board of Directors has the power to issue debentures.

Definitions:
Topham defines: “A debenture is a document given by a company as evidence of debt to the holder, usually arising out of the loan and most commonly secured by the charge.”

They are as follows:
(i) Secured Debentures:

• The debentures can be secured.
• The property of a company is charged as security for the loan.
• The security may be for some particular asset (fixed charge) or it may be the asset in general (floating charge).
• The debentures are secured through ‘Trust Deed’.

(ii) Unsecured Debentures:

• These debentures do not have security.
• The issue of unsecured debentures is prohibited by the Companies Act, 2013.

(iii) Registered Debentures:

• They are the ones whose details are mentioned in the Register of debenture maintained by the company.
• The details include the name, address, particulars of
• The transfer of such debentures requires the execution of regular transfer deeds.
• Interest is paid through Dividend warrants.

(iv) Bearer Debentures:

• The details of the debentures are not recorded in the register of the debenture.
• Their names do not appear in the Register of Debenture Holders.
• Such debentures are transferred by mere delivery.
• Payment of interest is made by means of coupons attached to the debentures certificate.

(v) Redeemable Debentures:

• Debentures are mostly redeemable i.e. payable at the end of some fixed period, mentioned on the Debentures Certificate.
• Repayment may be made at a fixed date, at the end of a specific period, or six installments during the lifetime of the company.
• The provision of repayment is normally made in Trust Deed.

(vi) Irredeemable Debentures:

• These debentures are not repayable during the lifetime of the company.
• They are repayable only on liquidation of the company or when there is a breach of any condition or in contingencies.

(vii) Convertible Debentures:

• These debentures give the right to the holder to convert the debentures into equity shares after a specific period.
  the period of conversion is mentioned in the debenture certificate.
• The issue must be approved by a special resolution in the general meeting before they are issued to the public.
• A Convertible debentures holder is hence entitled to equity shares at a rate lower than the market value after which he can participate in the profits and meetings of the company.

(viii) Non-Convertible Debentures:

• These are not convertible into equity shares on maturity.
• They are normally redeemed on the maturity date.
• There is no appreciation in their value which acts as a disadvantage.

Question 6.
Define Debenture/What is a debenture? Explain the features of debenture?
Answer:

• A debenture is one of the main sources of raising debt capital for meeting long-term and medium-term financial needs.
• Debentures represent borrowed capital.
• A person who purchases debenture is called a debenture holder.
• The holders get a fixed rate of interest as a return on their investment.
• The Board of Directors has the power to issue debentures.

Definitions:
Topham defines: “A debenture is a document given by a company as evidence of debt to the holder, usually arising out of the loan and most commonly secured by the charge.”
A debenture is evidence of indebtedness.

Features of Debenture:
(i) Written Promise:

• A debenture is a written promise by a company that it owes a specified sum of money to the holder of the debenture.

(ii) Face Value:

• The face value of debenture normally carries a high denomination.
• It is ₹ 100 or multiples of ₹ 100.

(iii) Time of payment:

• A debenture is issued with the due date stated in the Debenture Certificate.
• It provides for repayment of the principal amount on the maturity date.

(iv) Priority of Payment:

• Debenture holders have a priority in repayment of their capital over other claimants of the company.
• The amounts of debentures are settled before shareholders.

(v) Assurance of repayment:

• Debenture constitutes a long-term debt.
• They carry an assurance of repayment on the due date.

(vi) Terms of issue and redemption of Debenture:

• Debenture can be issued at par, premium, and even at discount.
• Its redemption takes place only at par and premium.

(vii) Authority to issue:
Board of Directors has the authority/power to issue debenture as per Companies Act 2013 Section 179(3).

(viii) Interest:

• A fixed-rate of interest is agreed upon and is paid periodically.
• The rate of interest that a company pays/offers depends upon the market conditions and nature of the business.
• Payment of interest is a liability of the company. It has to be paid whether the company makes a profit or not.

(ix) Parties to Debenture:

• Company: This is an entity that borrows money.
• Trustees: The company has to appoint Debenture Trust if it is offering debenture to more than 500 people.
• Trust is a party through whom the company deals with debenture holders and enters into an agreement known as Trust Deed.
• Trust Deed contains obligations of the company rights of debenture holders, power of trustees, etc.
• Debenture holders: They are the parties who provide loans to the company and receive a ‘Debenture Certificate’ as evidence.

(x) Status of debenture holder:

• The debenture holder is a creditor of the company.
• Debenture being loan taken by the company interest is payable on it at a fixed interval and fixed-rate till redeemed/paid.
• They cannot participate in the management of the company.

(xi) No Voting Right:

• According to sec. 71 (2) of Companies Act 2013, no company shall issue debenture carrying voting rights.
• Debenture holders do not have the right to vote in the general meetings of the company.

(xii) Security:

• Debenture can be secured with some property of the company by fixed or floating charge.
• Debenture holders can sell of charged property of the company and recover their money if the company is not in a position to make payment of interest or repayment of capital.

(xiii) Issuers:

• Debenture can be issued by both, private as well as public limited companies.

(xiv) Listing:

• A debenture must be listed with at least one recognized stock exchange.

(xv) Transferability:

• Debentures can be easily transferred through instruments of transfer.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Std Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions

• Introduction to Corporate Finance Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Sources of Corporate Finance Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Issue of Shares Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Issue of Debentures Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Deposits Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Correspondence with Members Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Correspondence with Debentureholders Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Correspondence with Depositors Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Depository System Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Dividend and Interest Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Financial Market Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Stock Exchange Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions

Introduction to Corporate Finance 12th Secretarial Practice Chapter 1 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Secretarial Practice Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Corporate Finance Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 12 Secretarial Practice Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions

1A. Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
_____________ is related to money and money management.
(a) Production
(b) Marketing
(c) Finance
Answer:
(c) Finance

Question 2.
Finance is the management of _____________ affairs of the company.
(a) monetary
(b) marketing
(c) production
Answer:
(a) monetary

Question 3.
Corporation finance deals with the acquisition and use of _____________ by business corporation.
(a) goods
(b) capital
(c) land
Answer:
(b) capital

Question 4.
Company has to pay _____________ to government.
(a) taxes
(b) dividend
(c) interest
Answer:
(a) taxes

Question 5.
_____________ refers to any kind of fixed assets.
(a) Authorised capital
(b) Issued capital
(c) Fixed capital
Answer:
(c) Fixed capital

Question 6.
_____________ refers to the excess of current assets over current liabilities.
(a) Working capital
(b) Paid-up capital
(c) Subscribed capital
Answer:
(a) Working capital

Question 7.
Manufacturing industries have to invest _____________ amount of funds to acquire fixed assets.
(a) huge
(b) less
(c) minimal
Answer:
(a) huge

Question 8.
When the population is increasing at a high rate, certain manufacturers find this as an opportunity to _____________ business.
(a) close
(b) expand
(c) contract
Answer:
(b) expand

Question 9.
The sum of all _____________ is gross working capital.
(a) expenses
(b) current assets
(c) current liabilities
Answer:
(b) current assets

Question 10.
_____________ means mix up of various sources of funds in desired proportion.
(a) Capital budgeting
(b) Capital structure
(c) Capital goods
Answer:
(b) Capital structure

1B. Match the pairs:

Question 1.

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Capital budgeting	(6) Investment decision
(b) Fixed capital	(5) Fixed assets
(c) Working capital	(1) Sum of current assets
(d) Capital structure	(9) Mix up various sources of funds
(e) Corporate finance	(2) Deals with acquisition and use of capital

1C. Write a word or term or a phrase that can substitute each of the following statements:

Question 1.
A key determinant of the success of any business function.
Answer:
Finance

Question 2.
The decision of the finance manager ensures that the firm is well-capitalized.
Answer:
Financing decision

Question 3.
The decision of the finance manager to deploy the funds in a systematic manner.
Answer:
Investment decision

Question 4.
Capital is needed to acquire fixed assets that are used for a longer period of time.
Answer:
Fixed capital

Question 5.
The sum of current assets.
Answer:
Gross working capital

Question 6.
The excess of current assets over current liabilities.
Answer:
Networking capital

Question 7.
The process of converting raw material into finished goods.
Answer:
Production cycle

Question 8.
The boom and recession cycle in the economy.
Answer:
Economic Trend

Question 9.
The ratio of different sources of funds in the total capital.
Answer:
Capital Structure

Question 10.
The internal source of financing.
Answer:
Retained earnings

1D. State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 1.
Finance is related to money and money management.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The business firm gives a green signal to the project only when it is profitable.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Corporate finance brings coordination between various business activities.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Fixed capital is also referred as circulating capital.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Working capital stays in the business almost permanently.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
The business will require huge funds if assets are acquired on a lease basis.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
The business dealing in luxurious products will require a huge amount of working capital.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
A firm with large-scale operations will require more working capital.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
Liberal credit policy creates a problem of bad debt.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
Financial institutions and banks cater to the working capital requirement of the business.
Answer:
True

1E. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
Land and Building, Plant and Machinery, Cash.
Answer:
Cash

Question 2.
Debenture Capital, Equity Share Capital, Preference Share Capital.
Answer:
Debenture Capital

Question 3.
Fixed Capital, Capital Structure, Working Capital.
Answer:
Capital Structure

1F. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Initial planning of capital requirement is made by _____________
Answer:
entrepreneur

Question 2.
When there is boom in economy, sales will _____________
Answer:
increase

Question 3.
The process of converting raw material into finished goods is called _____________
Answer:
production cycle

Question 4.
During recession period sales will _____________
Answer:
decrease

1G. Select the correct option from the bracket.

Question 1.

(To have the right amount of capital, deploy funds in a systematic manner, fixed capital, working capital, capital structure, carry dividend at a fixed rate)
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Financing decision	(1) To have the right amount of capital
(b) Fixed capital	(2) Longer period of time
(c) Investment decision	(3) Deploy funds in a systematic manner
(d) Working capital	(4) Circulating capital
(e) Combination of various sources of funds	(5) capital structure

1H. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
Define corporate finance.
Answer:
Corporate finance deals with the raising and using of finance by a corporation.

Question 2.
What is fixed capital?
Answer:
Fixed capital is the capital that is used for buying fixed assets that are used for a longer period of time in the business eg. Capital for plant and machinery etc.

Question 3.
What is working capital?/Define working capital.
Answer:
Working capital is the capital that is used to carry out day-to-day business activities and takes into consideration all current assets of the company.
Eg: for building up inventories.

Question 4.
What is the production cycle?
Answer:
The process of converting raw material into finished goods is called the production cycle.

Question 5.
Define capital structure.
Answer:
Capital structure means to mix up various sources of funds in the desired proportion. To decide capital structure means to decide upon the ratio of different types of capital.

1I. Correct the underlined word and rewrite the following sentences.

Question 1.
Finance is needed to pay dividends to debenture holders.
Answer:
Finance is needed to pay interest to debenture holders.

Question 2.
When there is a recession in the economy sales will increase.
Answer:
When there is a boom in the economy sales will increase.

Question 3.
Share is an acknowledgment of a loan raised by the company.
Answer:
A debenture is an acknowledgment of a loan raised by a company.

Question 4.
Equity shares carry dividends at a fixed rate.
Answer:
Preference shares carry dividends at a fixed rate.

2. Explain the following terms/concepts.

Question 1.
Financing decision
Answer:
A financing decision is a right decision that is made by a finance manager of any corporation ensuring that the firm is well capitalized with the right combination of debt and equity, having access to multiple choices of sources of financing.

Question 2.
Investment decision
Answer:
Investment decisions mean capital budgeting i.e. finding investments and deploying them successfully in the business for greater profits.

Question 3.
Fixed capital
Answer:
Fixed capital is the capital that is used for buying fixed assets that are used for a longer period of time in the business. These assets are not meant for. resale. Examples of fixed capital are capital used for purchasing land and building, furniture, plant, and machinery, etc.

Question 4.
Working Capital
Answer:
Working capital is the capital that is used to carry out day-to-day business activities. It takes into consideration all current assets, of the company. It also refers to ‘Gross Working Capital’.
Examples of working capital are

• for building up inventories.
• for financing receivables.
• for covering day-to-day operating expenses.

3. Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.

1. The management of ‘Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation’ wants to determine the size of working capital.

Question (a).
Being a public utility service provider will it need less working capital or more?
Answer:
MSRTC being a public utility service provider will need less working capital because of a continuous flow of cash from there, customers thus liabilities are taken care of.

Question (b).
Being a public utility service provider, will it need more fixed capital?
Answer:
Being a public utility service provider MSRTC will need a huge amount of funds to acquire fixed assets thus it will need more fixed capital.

Question (c).
Give one example of a public utility service that you come across on a day-to-day basis.
Answer:
The Indian Railways.

2. A company is planning to enhance its production capacity and is evaluating the possibility of purchasing new machinery whose cost is ₹ 2 crore or has alternative of machinery available on a lease basis.

Question (a).
What type of asset is machinery?
Answer:
Machinery is a Fixed Asset.
A fixed asset may be held for 5, 10 or 20 years and more. But if assets are acquired on a lease or rental basis, then less amount of funds for fixed assets will be needed for business.

Question (b).
Capital used for the purchase of machinery is fixed capital or working capital.
Answer:
Capital used for the purchase of machinery is fixed capital.

Question (c).
Does the size of a business determine the fixed capital requirement?
Answer:
Yes. Where a business firm is set up to carry on large-scale operations, its fixed capital requirements are likely to be high.

4. Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Fixed Capital and Working Capital
Answer:

Points	Fixed Capital	Working Capital
1. Meaning	Fixed capital refers to any kind of physical asset, a portion of total capital that is invested in fixed assets.	Working capital refers to the sum of current assets or gross working capital.
2. Nature	It stays in the business almost permanently.	Working capital is circulatory capital. It keeps changing.
3. Purpose	It is invested in fixed assets such as land, building, equipment, etc.	Working capital is invested in short-term assets such as cash, account receivable, inventory, etc.
4. Sources	Fixed capital funding can come from selling shares, debentures, bonds, long-term loans, etc.	Working capital can be funded with short-term loans, deposits, trade credit, etc.
5. Objectives of investors	Investors invest money in fixed capital hoping to make a future profit.	Investors invest money in working capital for getting immediate returns.
6. Risk	Investment in fixed capital implies more risk.	Investment in working capital is less risky. Eg. Land, building, plant and machinery
7. Decisions	Decisions relating to fixed capital investment are generally made by top-level management. Eg. Cash, bills receivable, inventories, cash at the bank	Decisions relating to working capital needs are generally made by middle-level or lower-level management.

5. Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Define capital structure and state its components.
Answer:
Definition: R.H. Wessel “The long term sources of funds employed in a business enterprise.”
John H. Hampton “A firm’s capital structure is the relation between the debt and equity securities that make up the firm’s financing of its assets.” Thus, the term capital structure means security mix. It refers to the proportion of different securities raised by a firm for long-term finance.

Components/Parts of Capital Structure:
There are four basic components of capital structure. They are as follows:
(i) Equity Share Capital:

• It is the basic source of financing activities of the business. Equity share capital is provided by equity shareholders.
• They buy equity shares and help a business firm to raise necessary funds. They bear the ultimate risk associated with ownership.
• Equity shares carry dividends at a fluctuating rate depending upon profit.

(ii) Preference Share Capital:

• Preference shares carry preferential rights as to payment of dividends and have priority over equity shares for return of capital when the company is liquidated.
• These shares carry dividends at a fixed rate.
• They enjoy limited voting rights.

(iii) Retained earnings:

• It is an internal source of financing.
• It is nothing but ploughing back of profit.

(iv) Borrowed capital: It comprises of the following:

• Debentures: A debenture is an acknowledgment of a loan raised by the company. The company has to pay interest at an agreed rate.
• Term Loan: Term loans are provided by the bank and other financial institutions. They carry fixed rate of interest.

Question 2.
State any four factors affecting fixed capital requirements?
Answer:
(i) Nature of business:

• The nature of business certainly plays a role in determining fixed capital requirements. They need to invest a huge amount of money in fixed assets.
• e.g. Rail, road, and other public utility services have large fixed investments.
• Their working capital requirements are nominal because they supply services and not the product.
• They deal in cash sales only.

(ii) Size of business:
The size of a business also affects fixed capital needs. A general rule applies that the bigger the business, the higher the need for fixed capital. The size of the firm, either in terms of its assets or sales, affects the need for fixed capital.

(iii) Scope of business:
Some business firms that manufacture the entire range of their production would require a huge investment in fixed capital. However, those companies that are labour intensive and who do not use the latest technology may require less fixed capital and vice versa.

(iv) Extent of lease or rent:
Companies who take their assets on a lease basis or on a rental basis will require less amount of funds for fixed assets. On the other side, firms that purchase assets will naturally require more fixed capital in the initial stages.

Question 3.
What are Corporate Finance and State’s two decisions which are basic of corporate finance?
OR
Write short note on Corporate Finance
Answer:
Corporate finance deals with the raising and using of finance by a corporation. It includes various financial activities like capital structuring and making investment decisions, financial planning, capital formation, and foreign capital, etc. Even financial organisations and banks play a vital role in corporate financing.

Henry Hoagland expresses, “Corporate Finance deals primarily with the acquisition and use of capital by the business corporation”.

Following two decisions are the basis of corporate finances:
(i) Financing decision:
Every business firm must carefully estimate its capital needs i.e. working capital and fixed capital. The firm needs to mobilize funds from the right sources also maintaining the right combination of debt capital and equity capital. For this balance, a company may go for or raise equity capital or even opt for borrowed funds by way of debentures, public deposits term loans, etc. to raise funds.

(ii) Investment decision:
Once the capital needs are accessed, the finance manager needs to take correct decisions regarding the use of the funds in a systematic manner, productively, using effective cost control measures to generate high profits. Finding investments through proper decisions and using them successfully in business is called ‘capital budgeting

6. Justify the following statements.

Question 1.
The firm has multiple choices of sources of financing.
Answer:

• Business firms require finance in terms of working capital and fixed capital.
• Funds are required at different stages of business.
• The company can raise funds from various sources i.e. from internal and external sources.
• Internal sources could be cash inflows on sales turnover, income from investments, and retained earnings.
• External sources can be obtained for short-term requirements through cash credit, overdraft trade credit, discounting bills of Exchange issues of commercial paper, etc.
• For long-term needs, a firm can meet its financing needs through the issue of shares, debentures, bonds, public deposits, etc. Thus, it is rightly said that the firm has multiple choices of sources of financing.

Question 2.
There are various factors affecting the requirements of fixed capital.
Answer:

• Fixed capital being long-term capital is required for the development and expansion of the company.
• The nature and size of a business have a great impact on fixed capital. Manufacturing businesses require huge fixed capital whereas trading organizations like retailers require less fixed capital.
• Methods of acquiring assets on rentals or on a lease/installment basis will require less amount of fixed assets.
• If fixed assets are available at low prices and concessional rates then it would reduce the need for investment in fixed assets.
• International conditions and economic trends like a boom period will require high investment in fixed assets and a recession will lead to less requirement.
• Similarly, consumer preferences, competition, and highly demanded goods and services will require a large amount of fixed capital. E.g. Mobile phones. Thus, it is rightly said that there are various factors affecting the requirements of fixed capital.

Question 3.
Fixed capital stays in the business almost permanently.
Answer:
Factors determining fixed capital requirements are:

• Fixed capital refers to capital invested for acquiring fixed assets.
• These assets are not meant for resale.
• Fixed capital is capital used for purchasing land and building, furniture, plant, and machinery, etc.
• Such cap al is usually required at the time of the establishment of a new company.
• Existing companies may also need such capital for their expansion and development, replacement of equipment, etc.
• Modern industrial processes require the increased use of heavy automated machinery. Thus, it is rightly said that fixed capital stays in the business almost permanently.

Question 4.
Capital structure is composed of owned funds and borrowed funds.
Answer:

• Capital structure means to mix up of various sources of funds in desired proportions.
• To decide capital structures means to decide upon the ratio of different types of capital.
• A firm’s capital structure is the relation between the debt and equity securities that make up the firm’s financing of its assets.
• The capital structure is composed of own funds which include share capital, free serves, and surplus, and borrowed funds which represent debentures, bank loans, and long-term loans provided by financial institutions.
• Thus capital structure = Equity share capital + preference share capital + reserves + debentures.
• Thus, it is rightly said that capital structure is composed of owned funds and borrowed funds.

Question 5.
There are various factors affecting the requirement of working capital.
Answer:

• The nature and size of a business affect the requirement of working capital. Trading or merchandising firms and big retail enterprises need a large amount of capital compared to small firms which need a small amount of working capital.
• If the period of the production cycle is longer then the firm needs more amount of working capital. If the manufacturing cycle is short, it requires less working capital.
• During the boom period sales will increase leading to increased investment in stocks, thus requiring additional working capital and during the recession, it is vice versa.
• Along with the expansion and growth of the firm or company in terms of sales and fixed assets, the requirement of working capital increases.
• If there is proper coordination, communication, and co-operation between production and sales departments then the requirement of working capital is less.
• A liberal credit policy increases the possibility of bad debts and in such cases, the requirement of working capital is high, whereas a firm making cash sales requires less working capital.

7. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Discuss the importance of Corporate Finance?
Answer:
Corporate finance deals with the raising and utilizing of finance by a corporation. It also deals with capital structuring and making investment decisions, financial planning of capital, and the money market. The finance manager should ensure that:
The firm has adequate finance and it’s being utilized effectively;
Generate minimum return for its owners.

The importance of Corporate Finance are as follows:
(i) Helps in decision making:
Most important decisions of business enterprises are made on the basis of availability of funds, as without finance any function of business enterprise is difficult to be performed independently. Obtaining the funds from the right sources at a lower cost and productive utilization of funds would lead to higher profits. Thus corporate finance plays a significant role in the decision-making process.

(ii) Helps in raising capital for a project:
A new business venture needs to raise capital. Business firms can raise funds by issuing shares, debentures, bonds or even by taking loans from the banks.

(iii) Helps in Research and Development
Research and Development need to be undertaken by firms for growth and expansion of business and to enjoy a competitive advantage. Research and development mostly involve lengthy and detailed technical work for the execution of projects. Through surveys and market analysis etc. companies may have to upgrade old products or develop new products to face competition and attract consumers. Thus the availability of adequate finance helps to generate high efficiency.

(iv) Helps in the smooth running of the business firm:
A smooth flow of corporate finance is important to pay the salaries of employees on time, pay loans, and purchase the required raw materials. At the same time finance is needed for sales promotion of existing products and more so for the launch of new products effectively.

(v) Brings co-ordination between various activities:
Corporate finance plays a significant role in the coordination and control of all activities in an organization. Production activity requires adequate finance for the purchase of raw materials and meeting other day-to-day financial requirements for the smooth running of the production unit. If the production increases, sales will also increase by contributing the income of the concern and profit to increase.

(vi) Promotes expansion and diversification:
Corporate finance provides money for the purchase of modern machines and sophisticated technology. Modern machines and technology help to improve the performance of the firm in terms of profits. It also helps the firm to expand and diversify the business.

(vii) Managing risk:
Companies have to manage several risks such as sudden fall in sales, loss due to natural calamity, loss due to workers strikes, change in government policies, etc. Financial aids help in such situations to manage such risks.

(viii) Replace old assets:
Assets like plants and machinery have become old and outdated over the years. Finance is required to purchase new assets or replace the old assets with new assets having new technology and features.

(ix) Payment of dividend and interest:
Finance is needed to pay the dividend to shareholders, interest to creditors, bank, etc.

(x) Payment of taxes/fees:
The company has to pay taxes to the government such as Income tax, Goods and Service Tax (GST), and fees to the Registrar of Companies on various occasions. Finance is needed for paying these taxes and fees.

Question 2.
Discuss the factors determining working capital requirements?
Answer:
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities.
In other words, it is also called ‘Circulating Capital’. Also, refer to ‘GROSS WORKING CAPITAL.’ Management needs to determine the size of working capital with reference to the economic environment and other aspects within the business firm.

Factors determining/influencing working capital requirements are as follows:
(i) Nature of Business:
The working capital requirements are highly influenced by the nature of the business. Trading/ merchandising forms concerned with the distribution of goods require a huge amount of working capital to maintain a large stock of the variety of goods to meet customers’ demands are extend credit facilities to attract them. Whereas public utility concerns have to maintain small working capital because of a continuous flow of cash from their customers.

(ii) Size of business:
The size of a business also affects the requirements of working capital. Size of the firm refers to the scale of operation i.e. a firm with large scale operations will require more working capital and vice versa.

(iii) Volume of Sales:
The volume of sales and the size of the working capital have a direct relationship with each other. If the volume of sales increases there is an increase in the amount of working capital.

(iv) Production cycle:
The process of converting raw material into finished goods is called the ‘production cycle’. If the production cycle period is longer, the firm needs more amount of working capital. If the manufacturing cycle is short, it requires less working capital.

(v) Business cycle:
When there is a boom in the economy, sales will increase resulting in to increase in investment in stock. This will require additional working capital. During a recession period, sales will decline and consequently, the need for working capital will also decrease.

(vi) Terms of purchases and sales:
If credit terms of purchase are favourable and terms of sales are less liberal, then the requirement of cash will be less. Thus, the working capital requirement will be reduced.
A firm that enjoys more credit facilities needs less working capital. On the other hand, if a firm does not get proper credit for purchases and adopts a liberal credit policy for sales if requires more working capital.

(vii) Credit Control:
Credit control includes the factors such as volume of credit sales, the terms of credit sales, the collection policy etc. A firm with a good credit control policy will have more cash flow reducing the working capital requirement. Whereas if the firm’s credit policy is liberal there would be more requirements of the working capital.

(viii) Growth and Expansion:
Those firms which are growing and expanding at a rapid pace need more working capital compared to those firms which are stable in their growth.

(ix) Management ability:
The requirement of working capital is reduced if there is proper coordination in the production and distribution of goods. A firm stocking on heavy inventory calls for a higher level of working capital.

(x) External factors:
If the financial institutions and banks provide funds to the firm as and when required, the need for working capital is reduced.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Std Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions

• Introduction to Corporate Finance Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Sources of Corporate Finance Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Issue of Shares Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Issue of Debentures Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Deposits Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Correspondence with Members Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Correspondence with Debentureholders Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Correspondence with Depositors Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Depository System Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Dividend and Interest Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Financial Market Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions
• Stock Exchange Class 12 Secretarial Practice Textbook Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 3.5 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.5 The Alchemy of Nature Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

The Alchemy of Nature Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 3.5 The Alchemy of Nature Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat:

1. Divide the class into five groups. Discuss in the group the following topics. (One question for each group.)

Question (a)
Seeds regenerate from another seed.
Answer:
Regeneration is the renewal of germplasm accessions by sowing seeds which will possess the same characteristics as the original population.

Question (b)
Plants and flowers wilt and become one with the other.
Answer:
Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non- woody parts of plants if they do not get water to thrive and soil is too dry.

Question (c)
Cacti (-Pidgd ) thrive in the desert region.
Answer:
Cacti (plural of cactus) lack leaves, instead they have spines which help preventing the loss of water and mineral content in the desert plants.

Question (d)
Bare nature turns green in spring.
Answer:
As temperatures warm and days get longer, forest ecosystem begins the transition from winter to spring.

Question (e)
Caterpillar turns into butterfly.
Answer:
It is truly a fantastic mechanism developed by nature. For a caterpillar to turn into a butterfly, it digests itself using enzymes triggered by hormones.
(Each group will present their discussion in front of the class.)

2. Role of Nature:

Question 1.
Role of Nature:
Discuss in pairs, the role played by nature and complete the web-diagram.

Answer:

3. Look at the following things. Discuss with your friend, what you learn from them.

Question 1.
Look at the following things. Discuss with your friend, what you learn from them.
(a) A bee …………………..
(b) An eagle ……………….
(c) A creeper ……………..
(d) The river ………………
(e) Rainfall ………………..
(f) Sun ………………………
Answer:
(a) A bee – teamwork and hard work
(b) An eagle – a strong vision/far-sightedness
(c) A creeper – perseverance
(d) The river – go with the flow/to face calamities
(e) Rainfall – dedication
(f) Sunlight up the lives of others/to give light and energy to others.

English Workshop:

1. Go through the text again and complete the web that highlights the various features of flower of ‘hibiscus’ plant. One is done for you.

Question 1.
Go through the text again and complete the web that highlights the various features of flower of ‘hibiscus’ plant. One is done for you.

Answer:

2. The writer explains the contrast features of ‘water’ and ‘rock’ in the text. Write all the features of both water and rock in the given table:

Question 1.
The writer explains the contrast features of ‘water’ and ‘rock’ in the text. Write all the features of both water and rock in the given table:

Answer:

Water	Rock
gentle	hard
command	gives in (humble)
flows over stone (perseverance)	takes the shape that water commands (obedient)

3. Impossible itself says ‘I M possible’. Do you agree? Justify your answer by citing some examples from the text and some that you have experienced or heard from someone.

Question 1.
Impossible itself says ‘I M possible’. Do you agree? Justify your answer by citing some examples from the text and some that you have experienced or heard from someone.
Answer:
Yes I agree, it is possible to do the most difficult of things, provided we have the will and conviction to do so. We can clearly know this from the passage. The bits of grass, the tree in the winter and the tiny ants, etc. are the examples from the passage.

The example that comes to my mind as justification is that of Sudha Chandran, the dancer. Though her leg was amputated below the knee, with great grit and determination, she restarted dancing and went on to become a famous dancer and actress. This shows that one can do things which seem to be impossible.

4. Find synonyms from the text for the following words/phrases.

Question 1.
Find synonyms from the text for the following words/phrases.
Answer:

1. a strong feeling of fear or respect – awe
2. to direct authoritatively – command
3. to peer through – peep
4. large and impressively beautiful – majestic
5. easily broken or damaged – delicate

5. How can you prove this maxim to be incorrect-’Too many cooks spoil the broth.’ Write a counterview on the given topic. (clue-teamwork)

Question 1.
How can you prove this maxim to be incorrect-’Too many cooks spoil the broth.’ Write a counterview on the given topic. (clue-teamwork)
Answer:
The maxim says when there are too many people involved in trying to do the same thing, the final result will not be good. But I believe that the teamwork is always good. We all know that unity is strength and it is of great value in every walk of life. If we come together and work, definitely our strength gets increased.

When there are a lot of people working on a project, then that project may not be completed to such a high standard because an individual can work better than many. It is the common perception of the people. But I think if a lot of people are working on a project, every one will use his talent, calibre, strength to take that project to higher level. So it will be completed on time with good standard.

Even when many cooks come together and try to make a single dish with their experience in different fields, it will become fantabulous. One dish will be prepared in variety of taste, colour and with varieties of combination. So it never gets spoiled. So I think the maxim too many cooks spoil the broth, is totally wrong in fact it adds flavour to that dish.

6. Make a list of all the words related to the word Ocean:

Question 1.
Make a list of all the words related to the word Ocean:
Answer:
Fishers, fish, salty, saline water, species, different water, high tide, low tide, pacific, gulf, bay, ships, pirates, piracy, warships, cruisers, oceanic currents.

7. The author has very positively described the different things in nature. Add the special features of each one of them:

Question 1.
The author has very positively described the different things in nature. Add the special features of each one of them. Add on the list.

Answer:

Part of Nature	Special feature	Value learnt
1. Water	It gently flows every day and for years.	Keep on working gently for the well-being of the people.
2. Rainbow	Beauty	Add colours to the surroundings, make all happy.
3. Caterpillar	Sacrifice for creating new life.	Changing (turning) for better results.
4. Hibiscus	one day life.	We should live our life to its fullest.
5. Rocks	Though hard, it does not dominate or offer resistance.	Be humble and stay still and endure unpleasant things without complaining.
6. Grass	Evergreen	There is always an opening even when the things seem to be impossible.
7. Tree	Stands firmly in cold winter.	Wait resolutely in difficult times.
8. Ants	Organized	Teamwork and perseverance are always rewarded.
9. The wind	Flow	Make people happy with your activities and passion.
10. Spider webs	Delicate	Be strong in every situation and difficulty.

8. Your friend has his board exam. He studies for 14 hours a day, sitting at one place. Write a letter to him giving him tips to relax and be stress-free.

Question 1.
Your friend has his board exam. He studies for 14 hours a day, sitting at one place. Write a letter to him giving him tips to relax and be stress free.
Answer:
Vikas Shinde
16, Malhar Sankul,
Hadapsar,
Pune,
12th Jan., 2021.

Dear Mahesh,

I received a call from aunty telling about your preparations for forthcoming board examinations. I am shocked to hear that you study for 14 to 15 hours a day sitting at one place. I don’t understand how do you bear it?

You might have heard about “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” It means without time off from work a person becomes both bored and dull. I know the board’s exams are around the corner, but if you work as usual with your tension, anxiety and pressure, it is going to be harmful to your health. Our body is not a machine. It needs some rest. It’s my advice to you to take some rest after certain l intervals. Watch T.V. for sometime, listen to music to refresh your mind, chat with your family members and friends, play with your friends. It will refresh your mind.

Take a break after 2-3 hours and give essential time to your mind and body. It will be good for you. I know you are a scholar and always get good marks in exam. But it doesn’t mean that you should ignore your health. Health is wealth. So concentrate on it, too. Hope you will try to understand what I mean to say and follow my tips rigorously.

Convey my regards to uncle and aunt and love to little Riya. Be in touch on mobile.

Your loving friend,
Vikas

9. You have an Environment Protection Week to be celebrated in your school. You have invited an environmentalist. You have to interview him/her about how to save environment. Frame about 10-12 questions for the interview.

Question 1.
You have an Environment Protection Week to be celebrated in your school. You have invited an environmentalist. You have to interview him/her about how to save environment. Frame about 10-12 questions for the interview.
Answer:
Good morning Sir/Madam. Happy to see you here in our school. I welcome you on behalf of our school.

1. Will you please tell us about your work in this field?
2. Were you really interested in this field from the beginning?
3. As an environmentalist, when did you start your work? What exactly do you do?
4. What do you think about diminishing percentage of trees and forest?
5. What is your ‘end of the world prediction’, If we don’t keep global temperature below 1.5°C?
6. What do you think the Government should do?
7. What will you tell the people who do not believe in widely discussed climate change?
8. Being a citizen of our country, what do you expect from every citizen about this intense problem?
9. If there’s one thing that everyone could do today to help protect the environment, what would that be?
10. What advice would you give to young generation at this moment?

10. Write a news report on ‘Environment Day’ celebrated in your school.

Question 1.
Write a news report on ‘Environment Day’ celebrated in your school.
Answer:
Environment Day Celebrations

Nagpur, June 7: ‘World Environment Day’ was celebrated in New Era School with great funfare on June 5. The main purpose of the celebration was to spread awareness among people and students about the need to protect the environment and the ways to do it.

The day was flagged off by a tree plantation drive in the locality. 300 quick-growing trees, which do not need much water on a daily basis, were planted near the school compound wall and in the surrounding area. An eminent environmentalist, Mr. A. T. Ali, spoke on the ways to protect the environment. He also judged the ‘Posters and Photographs’ exhibition organized by the school students and gave away prizes for the best entries.

Environment-friendly articles, like disposable plates and cups made from bamboo and banana stem, bags made from leaf wastes, etc. were on sale. Students gave continuous power-point presentations on the threats to the environment. Last but not the least, was the spirited debate on the topic. ‘Man: The worst enemy of the Environment’.

All in all, the day was a great success, and has certainly made a difference to the way people view our environment.

11. Develop a story with the given ending. Give a suitable title and moral.

Question 1.
Develop a story with the given ending. Give a suitable title and moral.
……………….. and so, Aditi decided to plant more trees.
Answer:
Save trees, save earth

It was the world earth day celebration in Aditi’s school. Aditi was attending it with a least interest as she was not interested in listening to such a boring subject from anybody. She was sitting forcefully for the guest’s lecture with her friends.

The chief guest, who was a renowned environmentalist started with a good slogan based on the earth and emphasised that the earth is the only known planet in this universe where we get all the necessary requisites of life, but the healthy survival is possible for years and years only when we take care and love our earth. Aditi suddenly became curious and started listening with apt attention.

He continued saying “because of the advancement in the life style, industrialization and deforestation; the condition of the earth is deteriorating day by day. It is being full of pollution, global warming and greenhouse gases. There is an urgent need to save our earth because it is the planet where we live. We need to do nothing more in order to maintain the greenery of the earth.

We just need to plant more trees, grow them well, to reduce the pollution level, to maintain the temperature level and to save our mother planet. We should understand our responsibility towards our mother earth and the future of the next generations. As they would not survive on this earth if there will not be a clean and natural climate.”

Aditi realised it and thought a lot and decided to take a positive step very seriously to save the earth. She thought seriously over the solution and that was planting more and more trees. She decided to create awareness among the people as well. She told everyone…

Save earth; save life
No earth… No life
No earth, No birth
Plant trees, Save mother earth

She understood that there will be no human beings on this earth if there will be no trees. If we have to save our lives, we have to plant more and more trees. So, Aditi decided to plant many trees after listening to that effective lecture of the chief, guest.

12. Just for laughs!

Question 1.
Divide the class into two groups : On 12 to 15 slips of paper, Group A writes 12 to 15 conditional clauses beginning with ‘if’.
(For example: If I work hard, I shall have a pizza. (Group B write 12 to 15 main clauses)
Now one student from Group ‘A’ reads the first conditional clause (possibility) and one student from Group ‘B’ reads the first main clause. It forms crazy sentences, just for laughter and fun. Enjoy.
Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. If I read a book,	my mother will shout at me.
2. If I do not study hard,	I will become the chief minister.
3. If you do not come to school,	teacher will come to your home.
4. If she gets a new mobile	she will run away from her home.
5. If the boys get freedom in the class,	they will keep silence in the class.

Language Study

Question 1.
Match the pairs of antonyms:

Answer:

1. gentle × hard
2. impossible × possible
3. colossal × small
4. short × long
5. difficult × easy
6. delicate × strong

Question 2.
Complete the table:

Answer:

Noun	Verb	Adjectives	Adverb
strongness, strength	strengthen	strong	strongly
passion	×	passionate	passionately
change	change	changeable	×
organization	organize	organizational	organizationally

Live English

Be a Netizen

Question (a)
Read the extract and underline the words which suggest that emails are fast, cheap and an easy communication tool.
Answer:
Email stands for electronic mail. Slowly and gradually email has replaced the old postal mails or snail mails. Having an email address is like having a postal address in a global village of internet. If you do not have one, you do not exist in today’s virtual world.

The reasons for popularity of emails are many. Emails can be achieved, saved, retrieved. Email is eco-friendly as people rarely take printouts of the mails. The main reason is its ease of access as anybody can access it on phone at the cost of cheap internet, anytime, anywhere.

Email writing is easy but it’s different from writing text messages. Text message is informal and rapid sharing of thoughts between two acquaintances. Emails are written and read by professionals, however, both arrive in inbox.

Like a citizen has his own home address, let’s sign up for the email and be a netizen. There are many free email service providers like Google, Yahoo, Outlook, Rediff, icloud, etc.

Question (b)
Follow these five simple steps to write an effective email. Click Compose to start writing email.
Answer:
Steps for Writing a Formal E-Mail:
1. Begin with a greeting.
Example: ‘Dear Sunil”, “Dear Sir/Madam”
2. Thank the recipient.
If you are replying, say Thank you for contacting”, If you got a reply, say Thank you for your prompt reply”
3. State your purpose.
For new email, begin by saying “I am writing in reference to..”
4. Add your closing remarks.
Example: Thank You for…”, I look forward to hearing from you.”
5. End with a closing.
Example: “Best Regards, Sincerely, Thanks and Regards etc.,”

Steps for sending an email:

Question 1.
Steps for sending an email:
1. Write proper mail ID in ‘To’
2. Use a short and accurate ‘subject’ line.
3. Click ‘Send’ button to send the email.
Answer:
1. Log in to your gmail account so that you are on the dashboard (main page) of your mail account.
2. Click ‘Compose’.
3. A new blank email window will open up in the
‘To’ box, type in the email address of the recipient.
4. Write the ‘Subject’.
5. Type your message in the main body field of your email.
6. Click the ‘Send’ button at the bottom of the composed window.
7. You will receive a message i.e. ‘Sent mail’.

Question (c)
Read the following sample email formats and prepare your own.
Sample Email formats
Answer:

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 3.5 The Alchemy of Nature Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following web: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
State whether the following are True or False:
Answer:

1. On the rocky beach the writer found rocks curved and sculpted by the water – True
2. When we listen to the Nature, it leaves us in complete awe. – True
3. We should not live our life to its fullest. – False
4. The water was shaped by the rocks. – False

Question 3.
Choose the correct alternatives and complete the following sentences :
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. In the cold winter month, the tree was bare of all leaves.
(a) full
(b) withdrew
(c) bare
(d) short

2. We find innumerable stars in the infinite sky.
(a) clouds
(b) crowds
(c) stars
(d) moons.

3. There is always an opening even in impossible things.
(a) opening
(b) closing
(c) enjoying
(d) singing

4. Water without hint of ego, changes its form according to the dictates of the sun and the wind.
(a) the earth
(b) the sun
(c) the moon
(d) the horizon.

Question 4.
State who/what:
Answer:

1. Colours the entire sky. – Rainbow
2. Takes new shapes with every passing moment, – Clouds
3. Makes trees dance. – The wind
4. Changes its form according to the dictates of the sun and the wind. – Water

Question 5.
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements:
Answer:

1. ‘There is always an opening even in impossible things’-we learn it from small bits of grass. – Agree
2. Our difficult time never changes. – Disagree
3. The team work and perseverance of the ants were impressive. – Agree
4. Clouds take new shapes with every passing moment. – Agree

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences: (Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

1. Hibiscus flower smiles with the sun and dances with the wind.
2. ‘However short our life is, we should live to its fullest’ is the lesson we learn from the hibiscus plant.
3. The rock on the beach was curved, sculpted and shaped.
4. The poet William Blake tells us to hold infinity in the palm of our hand and eternity in an hour.

Question 2.
Complete the following web: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Who teaches us that hard times do not 1 last forever? How?
Answer:
Bits of grass peeping through small cracks in concrete pavement and the green leaves on a tree in spring teach us that hard times do not last forever.

The grass is destroyed by the concrete but comes to life again. The tree is bare all through the cold winter months, but when the spring sets in, it is full of leaves, regaining its green majesty.

Question 4.
What are the alchemies of nature mentioned in the extract?
Answer:
The alchemies of nature mentioned in the extract are-

1. Grass peeps through small cracks of a concrete pavement.
2. A rainbow colours the entire sky.
3. Oysters take in a grain of sand they open up with a pearl.
4. Innumerable stars shine across the infinite sky.
5. The wind makes trees dance with unhindered passion.
6. A caterpillar turns into a butterfly.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the pairs of antonyms.
Answer:
1. remember × forget
2. persist × quit

Question 2.
Find out synonyms from the text for the following words/phrases:
Answer:
1. mysterious power – alchemy
2. drag with great efforts – lugging

Question 3.
Frame meaningful sentences by using the given words:
1. impressive
2. passion
Answer:
1.The show put up by the street children was really impressive.
2. One could see the passion and emotion in the artist’s work.

Question 4.
Find from the passage the antonyms of:
Answer:

1. weak × strong
2. easy × difficult
3. hot × cold
4. unimpressive × impressive

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

1. Frame Wh-questions to get the underlined parts as answers:

Question 1.
The flower comes to life only for a day.
Answer:
How long does the flower come to life?

Question 2.
We saw the spread of the majestic ocean.
Answer:
What did we see of the majestic ocean?

Use ‘not only……….but also’.

Question 1.
Outdoor activities enhance and relax our well-being.
Answer:
Outdoor activities not only enhance but also relax our well-being.

Question 2.
Nature whispers and commands.
Answer:
Nature not only whispers but also commands.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Explain the line ‘Nature whispers and commands.
Answer:
Nature is continually enticing us to spend time in her embrace; through the calling of birds, the babbling of brooks and streams, the fragrance of flowers and the whispers of trees as the wind blows through their branches. It commands us not to go against it otherwise it will curse us.

Question 2.
The rock is hard but is it dominating? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
Even though the rock is hard, it is not dominating. I think water is stronger than rocks. It wears down the hard rock by its gentle patience, persistence and perseverance. Rock takes the shape that water commands. It shows that it is not dominating like water whereas it is ready to accept any change.

Question 3.
How can learning from nature help human beings?
Answer:

1. Limitless sky with trillions of galaxies reminds us how insignificant we humans are in this vast universe.
2. Water always flows from high to low in the same way knowledge should be transferred from the learned to ignorant.
3. Trees provide shade selflessly to everyone, we should be selfless in our life too.
4. Nature does not hurry; yet everything is accomplished.
5. Trees stand deeply rooted in the ground even though seasons change. We should face any difficulty in our life with patience.

Question 4.
‘Nature is our best teacher’ – Explain.
OR
According to the writer we learn many things from the nature. Do you agree with this sentence? Support your answer.
Answer:
Nature is a great teacher. No wonder our ancestors used to look up to nature to understand about life itself. The things like the sun, moon, trees, rivers, etc. all were treated as divine beings. We learn a lot from them and they teach us a lot about how to live happy life. Divinity exists in all aspects of life. When we are aware of ourselves, we become aware of God in everything big or small. We then learn to live life well and become complete. So Nature is always treated as our best teacher.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. d a _ c e
2. s h _ p e
3. f r u _ t
4. b i _ d s

Answer:

1. d a n c e
2. s h a p e
3. f r u i t
4. b i r d s

Question 2.
Put the words in alphabetical order:
1. splendour, colossal, alchemy, frail
2. consistent, caterpillar, command, complete.
Answer:
1. alchemy, colossal, frail, splendour.
2. caterpillar, command, complete, consistent

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences :
1. I asked my teachers why is he working outside
2. he asked me is the world so poor that it cannot give me a toy and a book, instead of forcing me to take a gun or a tool
Answer:
1. I asked my teachers, “Why is he working outside?”
2. He asked me, “Is the world so poor that it cannot give me a toy and a book, instead of forcing me to take a gun or a tool?”

Question 4.
Make four words each (minimum 3 letters) using the letters in the given word: “perseverance”
Answer:

1. reserve
2. presence
3. peer
4. seven

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the word-chain of ‘Nouns’. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of ‘ the previous word:
Pavement, → t……….., ……….., ……….., ………..
Answer:
Pavement, → treasure, editor, roughness, sheep.

1. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence by using the phrase: ‘in full splendour’
Answer:
The morning sun appeared in the sky, in its full splendour.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to expand the following sentence meaningfully: we saw a small tree …………….
Answer:
We saw a small tree which was full of flowers and fruits.

2. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words.
1. continue
2. pleasant
Answer:
1. discontinue, continuous
2. unpleasant, pleasantly

OR

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. continue
2. pleasant
Answer:
1. This exhibition will continue till the end of this month.
2. The pleasant atmosphere in the morning attracts many birds.

Question 3.
Do as directed:
We saw an army of ants. (Choose the correct sentence of passive voice.)
(a) An army of ants was seen by us.
(b) An army of ants were seen by us
(c) An army of ants is seen by us.
(d) An army of ants are seen by us.
Answer:
(a) An army of ants was seen by us.

Question 4.
We touch it. (Rewrite the sentence in ‘Past Perfect Tense.)
Answer:
We had touched it.

Question 5.
Identify the tenses:
Answer:

1. We saw an army of ants – Simple Past Tense
2. We experience the alchemy of nature – Simple Present Tense
3. It will not remain so for ever – Simple Future Tense
4. Ants were lugging a fly. – Past Continuous Tense

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Digest Answers Pdf Unit 3

• If … Class 10 English Solutions
• A Lesson in Life from a Beggar Class 10 English Solutions
• Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Class 10 English Solutions
• Let us March! Class 10 English Solutions
• The Alchemy of Nature Class 10 English Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 1.4 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.4 Be SMART Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Be SMART Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 1.4 Be SMART Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

1. Planning your career is not an easy task. But we can reduce the distress by making a proper choice. If we do, what we love to do, the journey becomes smooth and leads to success.
The following diagram shows important factors to be considered while choosing a career. Discuss in your group, which factors you regard as important ones.

2. An Acroslic is a form of writing where the first letters in each of the lines form another word.
For example FRIEND

Prepare on your own such acrostics for-

• Your dearest family member
• Name of your best friend
• A quality or feeling
• Any profession

Question 1.
Prepare your own such acrostics for:
Your favourite family member.
Name of your best friend.
A quality or feeling.
Any profession.
Answer:
1. Best friend: TEJAL
True
Efficient
Jolly
Ambitious
Loving

2. Quality: Smart
Sober
Mannerly
Active
Radiant
Talented

3. Say whether the underlined words in the following sentences are used as a Noun or Verb or Adjective.

Question 1.
(a) I walk to school everyday. (………….)
(b) I go for a walk everyday. (………….)
(c) They gave me a gift everyday. (………….)
(d) You can gift her a story book. (………….)
(e) It was sold as a gift pack. (………….)
(f) They bought a new house on 10th street. (………….)
(g) The water – tanks leak a lot. (………….)
(h) The old-age home houses loo aging and homeless people. (………….)
Answer:
(a) I walk to school everyday. – Verb
(b) I go for a walk everyday – Noun
(e) They gave me a gift everyday – Noun
(d) You can gift her a story book – Verb
(e) It was sold as a gift pack – Adjective
(f) They bought a new house on 10th street – Noun
(g) The water-tanks leak a lot – Verb
(h) The old-age home houses 100 aging and homeless people. – Verb

English Workshop:

1. Complete the following web with the words associated with the passage and the given title :

Question 1.
Complete the following web with the words associated with the passage and the given title

Answer:

2. (A) Pick out examples from the text that support each of the following facts :

Question a.
Goals should be achievable.
Answer:
Example: We can’t become a President, a Prime Minister, but we can hope to hold the office of an important social worker and deliver results.

Question b.
A time-limit should be set to achieve goals.
Answer:
Example: To reduce weight we know how to go about it. But without consistent time-bound action, it never becomes a reality. It may be exercise, diet and stress-free thoughts. All these have to be practised and implemented within a deadline.

Question c.
A specific field/area has to be fixed to achieve goals.
Answer:
Example: If it is building a house, what exactly is the capacity required and how long can it stretch?

Question d.
Good results depend upon the quality and quantity of work put in.
Answer:
Example: Life is like a trumpet. If we don’t put anything in, we can’t get anything out.

Question e.
A benchmark is needed to track progress.
Answer:
Example: While playing football, a player’s exact role and position has to be clearly defined.

3. Complete the following sentences.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences
(a) SMART goals are …………….
(b) Two valuable assets of setting goals are …………
Answer:
(a) SMART goals are a methodology of thinking I that helps people reach success.
(b) Two valuable assets of setting goals are-a ! sense of originality and a stepping stone to illuminate the path.

4. Read this quote.
‘If we don’t put anything in, we can’t get anything out.’ Guess the meaning. Discuss in pairs and find similar quotes that bring in the same meaning.
Question 1.
‘If we don’t put anything in, we can’t get anything out.’ Guess the meaning. Discuss in pairs and find similar quotes that bring in the same meaning.
(a) You reap as you sow
(b) Input is equal to output
(c) …………………………….
(d) …………………………….
(e) …………………………….
Answer:
(a) As you sow, so shall you reap.
(b) Input is equal to output.
(c) No pains, no gains.
(d) Nothing ventures, nothing have.
(e) The longer you work, the more you get.
(f) Well begun is half done.

5. Drafting a Speech. Discuss in groups each block and make notes about it.

Question 1.
Drafting a Speech. Discuss in groups each block and make notes about it.

Answer:
Do it yourself.

6. Speech development
(A) Content
(a) Greeting and introduction of the topic
(b) Exposition of main theme/clarity of message/organised thoughts and ideas.
(c) Moral and practical application with examples.
(d) Conclusion

(B) Speaking Presentation
(a) Verbal clarity – pronunciation of words, voice modulation and projection.
(b) Presentation/Speaking style – mannerism, audience eye contact, ability to keep the audience engaged.
(c) Confidence – gestures and expressions, stage courage

(C) Useful phrases and vocabulary
(a) It’s pleasure to see you all/I am happy to see you today/It’s good to see you all here.
(b) Today’s topic is ………../My talk is about………….. My topic is …………….
(c) The purpose/aim of this speech. …………
(d) I will focus on one/two/three major issues.
(e) If you have any question, feel free to ask me.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

7. Dos and Don’ts for delivering a speech. Add some more points.

Answer:

Dos	Don’ts
Talk slowly	Don’t mumble
Emphasize keywords	Don’t look up /down
Be confident	Don’t use too many hand gestures
Maintain a good posture	Don’t keep your speech too lengthy
Make eye contact with the entire audience	Don’t repeat the same words multiple times

8. You are going to participate in interschool elocution competition. The subject given to you is “How to achieve success in life.” Draft a speech to present it, in a competition.

Question 1.
You are going to participate in interschool elocution competition. The subject given to you is “How to achieve success in life.” Draft a speech to present it, in a competition.

Answer:
How to achieve success in life?
Honourable chairperson, respected headmaster, teachers and my dear friends. Today I am going to give my speech on “How to achieve success in life.” I request you to listen to me carefully. So my friends, success is very important in everyone’s life.

Everyone has a dream of becoming a successful human being in life. There is a good saying that, “Success is a journey and not a destination.” How true it is! If we look at the life of all successful people, we realize the truthfulness of the statement. The definition of success is different for every person. For a child, success is to solve a puzzle, for a S.S.C. student, success is to get good marks, for a businessman, success is to get a contract and for grandparents, success is to see the whole family live happily together.

Everyone wants to become rich and successful in life. To achieve ambition, there are many steps which are to be followed. First of all, we have to set our goal, means we have to decide what we are and what we want to be. So proper plan and execution of the plan are very important. The tragedy of life does not lie in not reaching the goal, the tragedy lies in having no goal to reach.

For a great success we need a lot of confidence, patience, knowledge, perseverance and hard work. We should not waste our time because time is money. Don’t compare yourself with any other person in the world. If you do so you are demeaning yourself. The main thing is that we should always think positively and never give up hope. Many of our failures are the people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.

Always remember that the word “Impossible” means, I’m possible and if destiny is accompanied with the three D’s : determination, dedication and devotion, then everything becomes possible. We should learn from our own mistakes. We should always follow in the footsteps of great, successful people. Let’s take an example of Dhirubhai Ambani.

He was born in a poor family, but struggled a lot to achieve his ambition and never gave up hope because he knew that there is always a room at the top. He kept the hope alive in his heart and tried his level best and as you know he became one of the richest industrialists in the world. After all, no gains, without pains.

There is a great saying that successful people do not do different things, they do the things differently. So work hard, continuously. God’s blessings are always there with you. Thank you for listening to me carefully.
Jai Hind.

9. Project Work :
Your goal, this year, is to successfully pass out from secondary school. So let us be SMART and note down the following.
(a) Specific Area :
(Subjects) and number of units/lessons
1. English 4 units
2. ………………..
3. ………………..
4. ………………..
5. ………………..
6. ………………..

(b) Measurable :
Comparison of scores in previous examinations and in recent one.

(c) Achievable goal :
(Target scores/performance in SSC Exams.)
1. Good %
2. ……………
3. ……………
4. ……………
5. ……………
6. ……………

(d) Realisitc approach :
Plan of action that matches with your expertise/resources.
For example :
1. Make a study time table and follow it regularly.
2. ……………………………………………………..
3. ……………………………………………………..
4. ……………………………………………………..
5. ……………………………………………………..

(e) Time-bound Action :
Days required for revision

Answer:
Do it yourself.

Language Study:

Gerund:
When the – ‘ing’ form of a verb is used as a noun, it is known as a gerund a verbal noun. For example, The fighting went on. Here, we see that the – ‘ing’ form of the verb ‘fight’ is used as a subject in ‘The fighting went on’. It does a work of a noun.
Read the following examples of gerunds:

• Gardening is an art.
• Cooking is a science.
• I enjoy reading poems.
• I like reading more than writing.

Rewrite the above sentences using other appropriate gerunds in place of the given here.

Question 1.
Rewrite the above sentences using other appropriate gerunds in place of the given here.
Answer:

1. Painting is an art.
2. Banking is a science.
3. I enjoy acting.
4. I like riding more than swimming.

Infinitives:
Sometimes the form of a verb in a sentence names the action but does not change according to tense, number or person. Such a form is known as a non-finite form or an infinitive. An infinitive is used with or without ‘to’.
Examples: How did people first begin to drink tea? Can you name the beverage?
Underline the infinitive in the following sentences.
It was funny to read words that stood still.
Can I read the book?
To be or not to be – that is the question.

Question 1.
Underline the infinitive in the following sentences :
(The answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. It was funny to read words that stood still.
2. Can I read the book?
3. To be or not to be – that is the question.

Finite:

Underline the verbs and choose the correct option from the brackets.

Thus, we see that verb forms show tense, number, etc. Here, the verb form changes according to the subject. A verb form which is decided by and changes according to the subject of the sentence is known as a Iuikite verb.
Example: ‘You are very kind.’ If the subject ‘you’ is changed to ‘she’, the sentence will be ‘She is very kind.’

Now change the verb form according to the change in the subject.

• I don’t know: Change ‘I’ to ‘She’ ……….
• My father knows: Change ‘My father’ to ‘We’ ……….
• I am following in your footsteps: Change ‘I’ to ‘He’ ……….

Underline the gerund/present participles/infinitive.
(a) Setting goal may appear easy, but it is quite challenging.
(b) Quantifying goals provide specific ways to track progress.
(c) It is important to create goals that are within a current skill set or area of expertise.
(d) We need to bring down life images down to earth and plan to execute our strategies.
(e) Finding the right footing, precisely mastering the skills and getting to the next place, all depend on how we approach and tackle the problem.

Classify the following words in their respective columns.
tackle, trumpet, directly, execute, aggressive, natural, absence, exactly, achieve, clearly, imagination, precisely, create, important, expert, specific. of, if, and, oh, from, we, but, it.

Changing word class:

Sometimes, the word class of a word changes without adding any prefix or suffix. For example, ‘run’ is used as a verb. So, ‘verb’ is its word class in ‘I can run faster than him.’ But when ‘run’ is used as a noun, its word class changes. For example, India has to score ten more runs to win the match.’ This is called a change of word class. Look at the following examples. Change of word class from verb to noun :
‘I doubt if I can write as fast as you can’ (verb). I have a doubt about this topic (noun). Similarly : laugh, walk, catch, throw, turn
Change of word class from noun to verb :
‘Remove the potato peels (noun). Peel the potato (verb).
‘She works as a nurse (noun). You have to nurse a patient till he/she recovers (verb).

Change the verb form according to the change in the subject.

• I don’t know: Change ‘I’ to ‘She’ ……….
• My father knows: Change ‘My father’ to ‘We’ ……….
• I am following in your footsteps: Change ‘I’ to ‘He’ ……….

Question 1.
I don’t know. (Change T to ‘She’.)
Answer:
She doesn’t know.

Question 2.
My father knows it. (Change ‘My father’ to ’We)
Answer:
We know it.

Question 3.
I am following in your footsteps.
(Change T to ‘He’)
Answer:
He is following in your footsteps.

Underline the gerund/present participles/infinitive.
(a) Setting goal may appear easy, but it is quite challenging.
(b) Quantifying goals provide specific ways to track progress.
(c) It is important to create goals that are within a current skill set or area of expertise.
(d) We need to bring down life images down to earth and plan to execute our strategies.
(e) Finding the right footing, precisely mastering the skills and getting to the next place, all depend on how we approach and tackle the problem.

Question 1.
Underline the gerund/present participles/infinitive.
(Answers are directly given.)
(a) Setting goal may appear easy, but it is quite challenging.
(b) Quantifying goals provide specific ways to track progress.
(c) It is important to create goals that are within a current skill set or area of expertise.
(d) We need to bring down life images down to earth and plan to execute our strategies.
(e) Finding the right footing, precisely mastering the skills and getting to the next place, all depend on how we approach and tackle the problem.

Classify the following words in their respective columns.

Question 1.
Classify the following words in their respective columns.
(Answers are directly given.)
vision, professional, natural, achieve, originality, 1 simply, failure, absence, expert, specific, easily, thrive, appear, five
Answer:

Nouns	Adjectives	Adverbs	Verbs
vision	natural	simply	achieve
professional	expert	easily	thrive
originality	specific		appear
failure	five
absence

Question 2.
Classify the following words in their respective columns.
(Answers are directly given.)
improvement, exactly, achievement, exact, clearly, important, create, aggressive, skill, help, hope, ability, defensive.
Answer:

Nouns	Adjectives	Adverbs	Verbs
improvement	exact	exactly	create
achievement	important	clearly	help
skill	aggressive		hope
help	defensive
hope
ability

Question 3.
Classify the following words in their respective columns.
(Answers are directly given.)
increase, consistent, imagination, execute, directly, tackle, reach, successful, expertise, unrealistic, reduce, precisely, hesitation, problem, valuable
Answer:

Nouns	Adjectives	Adverbs	Verbs
imagination	consistent	directly	increase
expertise	successful	precisely	execute
hesitation	unrealistic		tackle
problem	valuable		reach
			reduce

Question 4.
Classify the following words in their respective columns.
(Answers are directly given.)
ah, of, if, and, oh, from, we, but, it, hurrah
Answer:

Pronoun	Preposition	Conjunction	Interj­ection
we	of	if	oh
it	from	and	ah
		but	hurrah

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 1.4 Be SMART Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities :

Simple Factual Activity :

Question 1.
Write whether the following statements are True or False :
Answer:

1. We won’t achieve our goals unless we take action to achieve them. – True
2. We all don’t have natural talents. – False
3. The skill must be stronger than will. – False
4. Goals help to steer a course of life. – True

Question 2.
Write whether the following sentences are True or False : (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:

1. Quantifying goals provides specific ways to track progress against goals. – True
2. Setting goals that can’t be completed in the designated period of time. – False
3. It is important to create goals that are within one’s current skill set or area of expertise. – True
4. Being realistic will make it difficult to be successful at attaining goals. – False

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the passage :
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Specific goals make it easier to set parameters and work towards the goal.
2. Achievable goals may act like stepping stones to help meeting broader goals.
3. Expecting to become an expert in a short amount of time is unrealistic.

Question 4.
Complete the sentences with the help of the information in the passage :
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. For reducing weight, exercise, diet and stress- I free thoughts should be practised and implemented without hesitation.
2. Vision, wishes, intentions and dreams spark off imagination and encourage us to define where we want to reach.
3. The quality and quantity of energy we put forth, directly impact the results.
4. Success is a walk in the dark.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the web :
(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the sentences using the information from the passage :
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. If we use our talent to set our goal in life, we can easily get success in life.
2. One has to decide what one wants to achieve in the end.
3. Setting goals sometimes appear easy but for some it is quite challenging.
4. We shall not achieve our goals if we do not take action to achieve them.

Question 3.
How does quantifying goals help us?
Answer:
Quantifying goals help us to provide detailed and exact ways to track progress against goals. This makes it easy to benchmark performance throughout the goal period, including areas to improve. In the game of football, the player’s exact role and position has to be clearly defined.

Question 4.
What factor is unreal, while setting goals?
Answer:
Expecting to become an expert in a short amount of time is an unreal factor, while setting goals. Building expertise always takes time.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find from the passage adjectives for :

1. nature
2. value
3. success
4. ease

Answer:

1. nature – natural
2. value – valuable
3. success – successful
4. ease – easy

Question 2.
Find from the passage adjectives for the following :

1. area
2. period
3. role
4. stones
5. picture

Answer:

1. specific – area
2. goal – period
3. exact – role
4. stepping – stones
5. clear – picture

Question 3.
Cross the odd man out:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 4.
Write from the passage noun forms of the following :
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. accountable – accountability
2. real – reality
3. imagine – imagination
4. hesitate – hesitation

Question 5.
Write from the passage words related to qualities required for success :
Answer:
accountability, consistent, vision, wish, intention, dream, imagination, execute, energy, skills, approach, strategy.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar :

Question 1.
Underline the gerund /present participles/ infinitives:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. After all, one has to decide what one wants to achieve in the end.
2. If we use that talent to set in our Life, we call easily get success in Life.
3. They help to steer a course of our Life.

Question 2.
Underline the Present Participles/ Infinitives :
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. It makes it easier to set parameters.
2. These goals may act like stepping stones to help broader goals.
3. So expecting to become an expert in a short time is unrealistic.
4. Being realistic will make it easy to be successful at attaining goals.
5. You must have the ability to adhere to that picture.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
We all have natural talents,
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
We all have natural talents, haven’t we?

Question 2.
The will must be stronger than the skill.
(Begin with-The skill must not be and change into positive degree.)
Answer:
The skill must not be as strong as the will.

Question 3.
It is important to create goals.
(Pick out the infinitive)
Answer:
to create.

Question 4.
These goals may act like stepping stones.
(Pick out the present participle)
Answer:
stepping.

Question 5.
Life is like a trumpet. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined word as answer.)
Answer:
What is life like?

Question 6.
Establish time parameters around each goal. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘Let’and change the sentence into passive voice.)
Answer:
Let time parameters around each goal be established.

Question 7.
If we don’t put anything in, we can’t get anything out. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘unless’ in the beginning.)
Answer:
Unless we put anything in, we can’t get anything out.

Question 8.
It will help increase focus and accountability.
(Identify the Tense of the sentence.)
Answer:
Simple Future Tense

Question 9.
Complete the words by using correct

1. d r_a m
2. g o_l s
3. s m_r t
4. r i_h t

Answer:

1. dream
2. goals
3. smart
4. right

Question 10.
Put the following words in alphabetical order :
1. situation, some, specific, skill
2. stretch, involve, goal, rubric
Answer:
1. situation, skill, some, specific
2. goal, involve, rubric, stretch

Question 11.
Punctuate the following sentences :
1. Where are you going at this time said raja to smeeta
(2) The servant said what a kind nobleman he is
Answer:
1. “Where are you going at this time?” said Raja to Smeeta.
2. The servant said, “What a kind nobleman he is!”

Question 12.
Make four smaller words each (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the word : measurable
Answer:
meal, able, sure, marble

Question 13.
Write related words as shown in the example :
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 14.
Complete the following word-chain based on nouns. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word :
Tree → …………. → …………. → …………. → ………….
Answer:
Tree → egg → goat → team → mat.

1. Attempt any one :

a. Make your own meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘down to earth’ :
Answer:
He has achieved many awards but he remains down to earth all the time.
OR
b. Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully :
I asked him
Answer:
I asked him if he was ready to come with me.

2. Attempt any one :
a. Add a prefix or suffix to make new words.
1. correct
2. fear
Answer:
1. incorrect
2. fearful/fearless
OR
b. Make meaningful sentence using any one of the following words :
1. correct
2. fear
Answer:
1. Whatever he said was correct.
2. The girl was shaking with fear.

Personal Response :

Question 1.
Do you have a goal in your life? What efforts will you make to achieve it?
Answer:
Yes, I do have decided my goal in my life. I aspire to be a top musician. To achieve my goal I will ‘ keep on trying and going ahead despite difficulties with the help of talent and hard work. I am sure that my faith in God, my perseverance, courage and , positive thinking will lead me to success.

Question 2.
Why do think that your goal should be achievable?
Answer:
I think, I must be very careful about choosing my goal. My goal must be achievable. That should be completed within the set deadline.
I should consider my talent and ability and then go for such a goal which will not remain incomplete and unsuccessful.

Question 3.
Why is it necessary to set our goals realistic?
Answer:
It is important to create goals that are within j your current skills limit. You must be expert in the area you have undertaken. Your approach towards your goal must be realistic and positive. You must have to work hard and know how and when you can | attain the goal.

Question 4.
Do you think, your attitude will change sifter your great success? Explain.
Answer:
No, I don’t think my great success will change my attitude towards the world. I shall be as humble as before. I shall not allow my success to go to my head. I shall be always down to earth. I will never trumpet my achievement and will express my views about my success without sounding boastful. Nothing will change in my life.

Question 5.
‘If we don’t put anything in, we can’t get anything out.’ Explain,
Answer:
When we wish to achieve something we must have to give time and put forth every quality and quantity of our energy. You have to prepare plan and execute it meticulously, concentrating on your goal. We will have to put everything at stake to get fruitful results. Efforts we put in the process wholeheartedly can only give us the output (success) we desire. The more you work in the direction of success, the more benefits you get.

Writing Skill:

Drafting a Speech :

Points: Understand the given topic for the speech – Collect all information from all sources – put your thoughts, ideas clearly, systematically in correct sequence – use good but – simple and impressive language – use slogans, quotes, maxims, proverbs, etc. – give examples to justify your points of view – emphasize your good points – conclude with thanks.

Delivering the Speech : Begin with greetings – introduce the topic – modulate your voice – be bold, straightforward and confident – look straight at the audience – speak slowly but loudly and clearly – avoid odd mannerisms or gestures – impress the audience – end the speech with thanks to audience.

Activities:

Question 1.
Your goal, this year, is to successfully pass from Secondary School to Higher Secondary School. So let us be SMART and note down the following :
(Note : Students should try to fill in their own ideas/information in the tables given on the coursebook pages 27 and 28.)
Points :
(a) Specific area : Note down the subjects and units.
(b) Measurable : Compare the scores of previous tests.
(c) Achievable goal: Set goals/target to be achieved.
(d) Realistic approach : Make action plans to get good marks.
(e) Time-bound Action : Study, Revision-required days

Language Study:

Question 1.
Change of word class from noun to verb :
Answer:
1. Remove the potato peels (noun). Peel the potato (verb).
2. She works as a nurse (noun). You have to nurse a patient till he/she recovers (verb).

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Unit 1

• A Teenager’s Prayer Class 10 English Solutions
• An Encounter of a Special Kind Class 10 English Solutions
• Basketful of Moonlight Class 10 English Solutions
• Be SMART…! Class 10 English Solutions
• His First Flight Class 10 English Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 2.6 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

World Heritage Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

1. I can talk about the world:
Form groups of 6 to 8 students. Each group should select any one Continent and share the following information about each.
1. Important cities
2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest
3. Food speciality-cuisine
4. Wild life
5. Different types of region and vegetation.
6. Human life.
Now each group representative from the previously formed groups, should narrate the information to the class, using proper attractive sentences.

Question 1.
I can talk about the world:
Form groups of 6 to 8 students. Each group should select any one Continent and share the following information about each.

1. Important cities
2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest
3. Food specialty-cuisine
4. Wild life
5. Different types of region and vegetation.
6. Human life.

Now each group representative from the previously formed groups, should narrate the information to the class, using proper attractive sentences.
Answer:
1. Important cities:
Mumbai, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Dubai

2. Sight-seeing places of tourist interest:
Taj Mahal, Great Wall of China, Mount Fuji, Burj Khalifa etc.

3. Food speciality-cuisine:
Indian, Chinese, Middle-eastern

4. Wild life:
Tigers are naturally found in India. Panda’s are native to China.

5. Different types of region and vegetation:
Asia is blessed with a variety of regions including mountains, desserts, meadows, oceans etc. Some of the main crops grown in Asia are rice, grains, pulses, spices etc.

6. Human life:
Being the biggest continent in the world, Asia has diverse culture and each region within the continent have their own languages, festivals, religions etc.

2. Prepare a Travel Brochure or leaflet of your native place or any town/historical place/hill station to attract tourist using the points below.

Answer:
Tourist Place: Koihapur
How to reach there?

• Nearest Railway Station: Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj Terminus (Koihapur)
• Nearest Air Port: Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj Airport, Kothapur Domestic Airport.
• Nearest Bus Stand: S.T. stand, Koihapur. Local transport is available.

Top five spots to visit: Mahalaxmi Temple, Panhala Fort, Rankala Lake, Maharaja Palace, Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj Museum, Gandharva Resort and Amusement Park.

Special features of these spots:

• Mahalaxmi Temple: Holy seat of Amba Mata.
• Rankala Lake: Famous for its beauty.
• Maharaj Palace: Magnificent structure of Chhatrapati Shahumaharaj’s palace, Indo-British architecture.
• Maharaj Museum: Great collections of historical period.
• Gandharva Resort and Amusement Park: Pleasant and attractive, beautiful site with amusing games.

Mouth-watering /special cuisines: Delightful tasty non-veg food, Pandhara Rassa, Tambda Rassa, Kothapur Misal/Bhel, Mohak lassi,
Davangiri Dosa, etc.

Other nearby sight-seeing spots: Panhala Fort, Kanheri Math, Radhanagari, Wildlife sanctuary.
For Further details contact
Vikas Tours & Travels
Mob.: 98xxxxxx34
email: vikastt@rmail.com

English Workshop:

1. Write the importance of the years given below, with reference to World Heritage Sites.

Question 1.
Write the importance of the years given below, with reference to World Heritage Sites.

Answer:

Year	Importance
1959	UNESCO launched an International campaign to protect temples and artifacts.
1965	White House Conference in United States called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’.
1968	The International Union for Conservation of Nature similar goals and presented them at the United Nations Conference on Human Environment.
1972	The Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by UNESCO’s General Conference.
2009	890 World Heritage Sites were located in 148 countries.

2. Name the following.

Question 1.
(a) The country where Mount Huangshan is situated ……………………
(b) The famous dam in Egypt on River Nile …………………..
(c) The place where the conference based on Human Environment was held …………………..
(d) The country in which the highest number of World Heritage Sites are ……………………
(e) The body which can exclude a site from World Heritage list ……………………
Answer:
(a) The country where Mount Huangshan is situated in – China
(b) The famous dam in Egypt on River Nile – Anwan High Dam
(c) The place where the conference based on Human Environment was held – Stockholm, Sweden.
(d) The country in which the highest number of World Heritage Sites are – Italy
(e) The body which can exclude a site from World Heritage list – World Heritage Committee.

3. Complete the following sentences.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences.
(a) The World Heritage Sites include ……………….. .
(b) There are around ……………. World Heritage Sites in the world.
(c) The Role of World Heritage Committee is ………………. .
(d) The tenure of World Heritage Committee is ……………… .
(e) We can get more information about World Heritage Sites from its …………………. .
Answer:
(a) The World Heritage Sites include cultural and natural areas.
(b) There are around 890 World Heritage Sites in the world.
(c) The Role of World Heritage Committee is to be responsible for establishing which sites will be listed as a UNESCO World heritage site.
(d) The tenure of World Heritage Committee is six years.
(e) We can get more information about World Heritage Sites from its website at whc.unesco.org.

4. Complete the following Web by giving reasons why World Heritage Sites are in danger.

Question 1.
Complete the following Web by giving reasons why World Heritage Sites are in danger.

Answer:

5. Answer in your own words:

Question a.
What are our duties towards preservation of any historical site?
Answer:
Historical sites like forts, monuments, palaces, etc. are our national heritage. They have stood all the vagaries of time and weather and are on the verge of losing their splendour. It is our duty to preserve them carefully. When you visit these places don’t spoil their beauty and grandeur by scratching, writing and carving names and making them look ugly and dirty. We must renovate them with the help of the residence in the area or NGOs. We should persuade and insist the government to take complete responsibility of preserving them as their foremost duty.

Question b.
Why should we preserve the World Heritage Sites?
Answer:
Our ancestors all over the world have bestowed upon us the spectacular, wonderful monuments, structures and sculptures, etc. They are the wonders of arts and architectures. The whole world feels proud of these ancestral treasures. They remind us of the past glory, art, culture and great, glorious memorials. They will continue to inspire us and give knowledge of patient and prolonged human endeavours such as the Taj Mahal, Ajanta Caves, Pyramids, China’s Great Wall and many other majestic structures. So, we must preserve them with utmost care.

Question c.
What is the role of World Heritage Sites in promoting tourism in any country?
Answer:
The ‘World Heritage Sites’ plays a very important role in promoting tourism in countries like India. The organisation is responsible, with the country’s contribution, for preserving the site and if required restore it, providing funds. If the site retains its original grandeur, splendour and beauty, flocks of passionate tourists from all over the world are sure to visit the site. Naturally, tourism of the site will flourish and it also will provide employment.

6. Read the following duties towards preservation of any historical site and make sentences about each of our duties.

• Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
• Maintain discipline and order
• Maintain cleanliness
• Use dustbins and garbage bags
• Observe silence
• Maintain environmental safety
• Protect our country’s history/heritage.

Question 1.
Read the following duties towards preservation of any historical site and make sentences about each of our duties.

• Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
• Maintain discipline and order
• Maintain cleanliness
• Use dustbins and garbage bags
• Observe silence
• Maintain environmental safety
• Protect our country’s history/heritage.

Answer:

• Obey rules and regulations – Visitors must obey the rules and regulations, displayed at the Entrance.
• Maintain discipline and order – All visitors must maintain discipline and order in the place.
• Maintain cleanliness – They should maintain cleanliness in the area.
• Use dustbins and garbage bags – They must use dustbins and garbage bags for throwing leftovers.
• Observe silence – Visitors must observe complete silence at the site.
• Maintain environmental safety – They should maintain environment safety for their own safety.
• Protect our country’s history/heritage – It is our duty to protect our countries historical heritage.

7. Complete the following flow – chart by choosing from the options given below to show how any site of any country can become a World Heritage Site.

Question 1.
Complete the following flow – chart by choosing from the options given below to show how any site of any country can become a World Heritage Site.

1. Inclusion of the name of a site from the tentative list to the nomination file.
2. Name of the site is inscribed on the World Heritage list after meeting the criteria.
3. Inclusion of the name of site for the nomination in a tentative list after an inventory in the country or the state.
4. Decision of the World Heritage Committee after review of the nominated file.
5. A review of the file included by the advisory bodies.

Answer:

8. Match the pairs to defme different roles of the World Heritage Sites.

Question 1.
Match the pairs to defme different roles of the World Heritage Sites.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Identify cultural and natural sites	(b) of outstanding universal value across countries.
2. Identify sites of	(h) special importance for everyone.
3. Identify sites that represent	(g) best examples of world’s cultural and/or natural heritage.
4. UNESCO seeks to	(c) preserve outstanding sites and natural resources.
5. World Heritage Sites should have	(i) relevant development plan policies.
6. World Heritage Site should	(f) protect these sites.
7. World Heritage Site serve as	(e) an asset for economic development and investment.
8. World Heritage Site should ensure	(a) green, local based, stable and decent jobs.
9. It should at large develop	(d) tourism.

9. Do you know the difference between
Refer to a dictionary/encyclopedia/reference books/website/google search to get the detailed meaning.

Question 1.
Do you know the difference between:

• World heritage.
• Cultural heritage.

Refer to a dictionary/encyclopedia/reference books/website/google search to get the detailed meaning.
Answer:
World Heritage: As per UNESCO, World Heritage is the designation for places on Earth that are of outstanding universal value to humanity and as such, have been inscribed on the World Heritage List to be protected for future generations to appreciate and enjoy.

Cultural Heritage: Cultural Heritage means elements of great human value and creation. These could be tangible or intangible cultural heritage. Tangible Cultural Heritage include paintings, coins, sculptures, monuments, shipwrecks ruins, archaeological sites etc. Intangible Cultural Heritage can include traditions, performance arts, rituals etc.

10. Following are the ways to preserve ‘World Heritage Sites.’ Transfer these points into a small paragraph. Suggest a suitable title.

• Practical conservation of posterity
• Humanlanimal trespassing
• Unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access
• Threat of local administrative negligence

Question 1.
Following are the ways to preserve ‘World Heritage Sites.’ Transfer these points into a small paragraph. Suggest a suitable title.

• Practical conservation of posterity
• Humanlanimal trespassing
• Unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access
• Threat of local administrative negligence

Answer:
Preserving ‘World Heritage Sites’ for Future Generations Let us be sensible and practical to preserve our World Heritage Sites for future generations. It depends on well-organized and well-managed plan, The plan should be skillfully monitored and implemented to the details. It is the responsibility of the country where it is situated. So it is our national duty to protect or restore the Heritage Sites.

To maintain the original, natural characteristics of the site we must take utmost care and prevent them from being lost, damaged or destroyed. We must use funds and resources allocated by our state and the World Heritage Fund for mending and repairing work. Many a times, human and animal trespassing damage, deface and make them ugly and insecure.

Their activities and disturbances should be controlled and restricted to retain their natural beauty and grandeur. Buildings, structures, historical monuments and natural beauty should be taken care of.

In many cases, the local administrators are lethargic and they are responsible for the damages. The administrative apathy and negligence are the threats to our Heritage sites. Strict actions should be taken against them for their neglect to protect the sites.
Everyone of us, who visit the sites, should have a sense of national pride in preserving our World Heritage sites for the sake of our future generations.

11. Find from the text minimum 8 words related to cultural heritage and make a word register. Arrange them in an alphabetical order: 

Question 1.
Find from the text minimum 8 words related to cultural heritage and make a word register. Arrange them in an alphabetical order:
Answer:
Words related to cultural heritage:

1. temples
2. culture
3. literature
4. artefacts
5. sites
6. territory
7. monuments
8. art

Alphabetical order: art, artefacts, culture, literature, monuments, sites, temples, territory.

13. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘not only but also’ and ‘as well as’ in 2 seperate sentences.

Question i.
UNESCO and the International Council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.
Answer
1. Not only UNESCO but also the international council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.
2. UNESCO as well as the International council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

Question ii.
The state parties are responsible for identifying and nominating new sites.
Answer
1. The State Parties are responsible not only for identifying but also for nominating new sites.
2. The State Parties are responsible for identifying as well as nominating new sites.

Question iii.
Opera House in Australia and the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of World Heritage.
Answer
1. Not only Opera House in Australia but also the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of the World Heritage.
2. Opera House in Australia as well as the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of the World Heritage.

Question iv.
World Heritage Sites can be a combination of both cultural and natural areas.
Answer
1. World Heritage Sites can be a combination of not only cultural but also natural areas.
2. World Heritage Sites can be a combination of cultural as well as natural areas.

Question v.
To protect the temples and artifacts. UNESCO launched an international campaign.
Answer
1. To protect not only the temples but also artifacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.
2. To protect the temples as well as artifacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.

14. Rewrite the following sentences replacing ‘as soon as’ by ‘No sooner than.’
(Note: The phrase, ‘No sooner’ must always be followed by an auxiliary
(helping verb).
For example : As soon as he came, they all gave an applause.
No sooner did he come, than all gave an applause.
(a) As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
(b) As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
(c) As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer – papers.
(d) As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
(e) As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences replacing ‘as soon as’ by ‘No sooner… than…’
(a) As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
(b) As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
(c) As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer-papers.
(d) As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
(e) As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.
Answer:
(a) No sooner is the Bill passed than it will become an Act.
(b) No sooner did the thief escape than the family informed the police.
(c) No sooner have you finished than you can submit your answer papers.
(d) No sooner can they manage than they should change their house.
(e) No sooner will the bell ring than the School Assembly will start.

15. Prepare a ‘tourism leaflet’ on any one of the following. (You may refer to the points given in Warming Up.)
(A) Your Home Town
(B) A Historical Place
(C) A Place of Natural Beauty
(D) A Place of Pilgrimage

Question 1.
Prepare a ‘tourism leaflet’ on any one of the following. (You may refer to the points given in Warming Up.)
(A) Your Home Town
(B) A Historical Place
(C) A Place of Natural Beauty
(D) A Place of Pilgrimage
Answer:
(उत्तराकरिता Warming Up! मधील Kolhapur विषयी दिलेले पर्यटन माहितीपत्रक पाहा.)

16.Project :

Question a.
Make a list of sites from our State that are included in the World Heritage Sites. Try to visit one of them. Write the importance of that World Heritage Site. Also write your impression of it in your notebook.

Live English:

Question a.
Making PowerPoint Presentation:
Answer:

Question b.
Rearrange the following steps of creating a PowerPoint slide in proper sequence:
(Answers is directly given.)
Answer:

1. Open Microsoft PowerPoint.
2. Click ‘New’ to create Blank Presentation.
3. Add New Slide from Home menu.
4. Click to add Text and Title in the slide.
5. Add Pictures by clicking ‘Insert’ button.
6. Resize your pictures or graphics.
7. Add effects from “Transition” menu.
8. Add New slide from Home menu.
9. Save your slide and start slide show from the beginning.

Question c.
Follow the slide Handout on ‘Types of Sentences’ given on coursebook page No. 85. Create similar slide Handout on any one of given topics:

1. pollution
2. Modes of Transport
3. Our Solar System
4. The United Nations

Question d.
Tips for writing an effective Slide Handout
Answer:

1. Begin with writing a Title and name of presenter on the Slide 1.
2. Write points you want to explain in main bullet points in the Slide 2.
3. Give meanings, definitions and exanples in bullet points.
4. Use aphoristic style of language, give only main points.
5. Give your contact number and email ID for feedback towards the en)

Question e.
Tips for making an effective Power point Presentation
Answer:

1. While speaking, show your passion and use positive body gestures.
2. Start strongly try to connect with your audience using propertone.
3. Keep it simple: concentrate on your core message.
4. Smile and make eye contact with your audience.
5. Conclude on positive note.

Question f.
The 10/20/30 rule of Power Point
Answer:
( If you are notfamiliarwith the 10/20/30 Ruleof PowerPoint created way back in 2005 by Guy Kawasaki, here’s how it goes:
“The most effective Power Poin t presentations should
containno more than lOslides,
Iastno longer than 20 minutes,
and feature fontno smaller than 30 points.”

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 2.6 World Heritage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
i. The International World Heritage Programme is administered by – The UNESCO WORLD Heritage Committee
ii. The Nile valley contains many ancient – Egyptian artifacts.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
A draft convention was started for creating an international organization responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

Question 3.
Name the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
State parties are elected by the World Heritage Centre’s General Assembly.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

1. The role of World Heritage Committee is to list the sites as – a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2. The tenure of World Heritage Committee is – six years.
3. The World Heritage Committee consists of representatives from – 21 State Parties.

Question 5.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The inventory of the State Party is called the Tentative List.
2. Tentative List is included on the Nomination File.
3. Two advisory bodies make recommendations to the World Heritage Committee.
4. When the site is chosen it also becomes considered within the international community.
5. 25 of the World Heritage Sites are considered mixed.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Why did UNESCO launch an international campaign in 1959?
Answer:
Egypt started plans to build the Aswan High Dam to collect and control water from the Nile River. The dam’s construction would have flooded the Nile valley containing the Abu Simbel Temples and many of ancient Egyptian artefacts. To protect the temples and the artefacts UNESCO launched an international campaign in 1959.

Question 3.
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given.)
answer:

Question 4.
Why did a White House Conference in the United States call for a ‘World Heritage Trust’?
Answer:
A White House Conference in the United States called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historic cultural sites and also for protecting the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.

Question 5.
What measures are taken about the World Heritage Sites that are in danger?
Answer:
The World Heritage Committee first prepares a separate list of sites that are in danger. The World Heritage Committee allocates resources from the World Heritage Fund to that site to restore it. In addition, different plans are put into place to protect and/or restore the site. However, if a site loses its characteristics which allowed it to be originally included on the World Heritage List, the World Heritage Committee can delete the site from the list.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Look at the words and their meanings. Underline the correct alternatives:
(Answers are directly underlined.)
Answer:
(i) determine:
(a) think over
(b) decide
(c) ask for
(d) look over

(ii) monument:
(a) statue
(b) pillar
(c) memorial building
(d) fort

(iii) significant:
(a) clever
(b) effective
(c) systematic
(d) important

(iv) disaster:
(a) problem
(b) incident
(c) calamity
(d) accident

Question 2.
Find from the passage adjective forms for the following:

1. culture
2. history
3. nature
4. significance

Answer:

1. cultural
2. historical
3. natural
4. significant

Question 3.
Write the long form of ‘UNESCO’.
Answer:
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Question 4.
Write from the passage nouns for the following:

1. present
2. protect
3. conserve
4. include

Answer:

1. presentation
2. protection
3. conservation
4. inclusion

Question 5.
Write the list of adjectives from the passage.
Answer:
historic, cultural, significant, natural, scenic, international, similar, general, main, responsible, six.

Question 6.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. inventory	(a) fixed basis to judge
2. territory	(b) suggestions
3. criteria	(c) region
4. recommendations	(d) a written list of material

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. inventory	(d) a written list of material
2. territory	(c) region
3. criteria	(a) fixed basis to judge
4. recommendations	(b) suggestions

Question 7.
Find from the passage the antonyms for the following:

1. exclude
2. artificial
3. insignificant
4. final

Answer:

1. exclude × include
2. artificial × natural
3. insignificant × significant
4. final × tentative

Question 8.
Find out opposites from the passage for the following:
Answer:

1. artificial × natural
2. lowest × highest
3. exclude × include
4. safe × danger

Question 9.
Find from the passage the nouns of the following :

1. locate
2. urbanize
3. pollute
4. add

Answer:

1. locate – location
2. urbanize – urbanization
3. pollute – pollution
4. add – addition

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Why do you like to visit tourist spots?
Answer:
I like to visit some tourist spots not only for comfort and relaxation but for expanding my knowledge and for knowing our culture, history and glory of the past. They enhance our knowledge, vision of life and enlighten your intelligence. These visits give us true education of life and soothe our minds.

Activity-based on Contextual Grammar:

Rewrite the sentences using ‘not only….but also’ and ‘as well as’ in two separate sentences:

Question 1.
A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historic cultural sites and the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.
Answer:
i. A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect not only historic cultural sites but also the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.
ii. A White House Conference called for a ‘World Heritage Trust’ to protect historical cultural sites as well as the world’s significant natural and scenic sites.

Question 2.
Write the following sentence using ‘as soon as’ and ‘no sooner …… in two separate sentences.
Immediately after the World Heritage Sites are in danger, they are inscribed on a separate list.
Answer:
(i) As soon as the World Heritage Sites are in danger, they are inscribed on a separate list.
(ii) No sooner are the World Heritage Sites in danger than they are inscribed on a separate list.

English Workshop:
(based on whole lesson).

Question 1.
What is the difference between the words ‘World Heritage’ and ‘Cultural Heritage’?
Answer:
The word ‘World Heritage’ is related with the natural or man-made places that are recognized as having international importance, cultural values of the world and humanity in general. Whereas ‘Cultural Heritage’ is related with a particular society or groups, its ideas, customs, beliefs, art and literature, etc. that have existed and inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and preserved for the benefits of future generation.

Activities based on Language Study

(A) Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:

1. w o _ l d
2. l a k _ s
3. s i _ e s
4. s _ a t e

Answer:

1. w o r l d
2. l a k e s
3. s i t e s
4. s t a t e

Question 2.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:
1. world, becoming, property, territory
2. step, site, selection, significant
Answer:
1. becoming, property, territory, world
2. selection, significant, site, step

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. Then what’s the secret of your energy I asked
2. No there isn’t anyone like Raghu veer
Answer:
1. “Then what’s the secret of your energy?” I asked.
2. “No, there isn’t anyone like Raghuveer.”

Question 4.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using letters in the word ‘ mountain ’
Answer:
mount, out, main, tin

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the following word-chain of the adjectives. Add four words each beginning with the last letter of the previous word: ;
dear → …………… → …………… → …………… → …………… .
Answer:
dear → real → large → eager → red.

(B) Do as directed:

1. Attempt anyone:

Question a.
Make your own meaningful sentence using the phrase ‘to fall prey’:
Answer:
Young people fall prey to attractive, tasty food.

OR

Question b.
Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully:
This is how I …………….
Answer: This is how the poor man got shelter in the Old age Home.

2. Attempt anyone:

Question a.
Add a prefix or suffix to make new words:
1. agree
2. satisfy
Answer:
1. disagree/agreement
2. satisfaction/dissatisfy

OR

Question b.
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. agree
2. satisfy
Answer:
1. Do you agree with my opinion?
2. The food he got did not satisfy his hunger.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Pdf Unit 2

• You Start Dying Slowly … Class 10 English Solutions
• The Boy who Broke The Bank Class 10 English Solutions
• The Twins Class 10 English Solutions
• An Epitome of Courage Class 10 English Solutions
• Book Review – Swami and Friends Class 10 English Solutions
• World Heritage Class 10 English Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 4.2 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.2 Bholi Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Bholi Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 4.2 Bholi Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

1. Discuss the following in your groups.

Question (a)
Discuss the following in your groups.
Various social evils that exist in
(a) big cities
(b) small towns
(c) villages
Answer:
(Use the points given in italic for your discussion,)
(a) Big cities: Female infanticide-dowry-
women’s safety-alcoholism-traffic-addiction- violence
(b) Small towns: Gender inequality at work-low status of women-child labour-caste system.
(c) Villages: Hygiene and sanitation-Religious conflicts – superstitions – poverty -illiteracy – consuming alcohol.

Question 2.
Very few youngsters like to take social work as a career. Discuss the reasons why they do not take it seriously.
Answer:
Very few youngsters like to take up social work as a career because

1. No sense of accomplishment.
2. No fixed income.
3. No fixed duty hours and time.
4. 24 × 7 work.
5. Uncertainty of future.

1. Adjectives and some Adverbs can be used in three degrees of comparison.

Question 1.
Adjectives and some Adverbs can be used in three degrees of comparison.
Positive-For example, cold, tall, heavy, fast, beautiful, little.
Comparative-For example, colder, taller, heavier, faster, more beautiful, less.
Superlative-For example, coldest, tallest, heaviest, fastest, most beautiful, least.
Fill in the Table.

Answer:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
1. simple	simpler	simplest
2. pretty	prettier	prettiest
3. deep	deeper	deepest
4. intelligent	More intelligent	Most intelligent
5. good	better	best
6. affectionate	More affectionate	Most affectionate
7. young	younger	youngest
8. near	nearer	nearest
9. quick	quicker	quickest
10. much/many	more	most

2. Pick out Hindi words used in the story written in English. Give their English alternative:

Question 2.
Pick out Hindi words used in the story written in English. Give their English alternative:
(a) Bholi – simpleton
(b) ………………………
(c) ………………………
(d) ………………………
(e) ………………………
Answer:
(a) Bholi – simpleton
(b) Numberdar – revenue official
(c) Tehsildar – collector
(d) Cinema – movie
(e) Pitaji – father

3. Write three advantages and three drawbacks for each of the following:

Question 1.
Write three advantages and three drawbacks for each of the following:

Answer:

	Advantages	Drawbacks
City Life	1. Rich amenities 2. Ample job opportunities 3. Good transportation	1. Fast life 2. Extremely congested 3. Air, water, noise, harmful pollution
Village Life	1. Peaceful environment 2. Follow tradition and culture 3. Enjoy beauty of nature	1. Miss the Conveniences and opportunities of life. 2. Ignorance, prejudice and narrowness 3. Blind faiths, Superstitions

English Workshop:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences using words given in the brackets:
(contemplating, humiliate, scurried, disfigured, envious, contemptible, matted, startled)
(a) After the accident, Juhi’s face was ……………….. .
(b) It took a long time to straighten the ……………….. bundle of wool.
(c) After class, students ………………… out for their lunch – break.
(d) One should never ……………………. the disabled people.
(e) Nutan was ……………….. of her sister, who won the ‘Best Singer’ award.
(f) Corruption is a ……………………… act.
(g) We are ………………… seriously about buying a new apartment.
(h) I was …………………… to see a snake in my room.
Answer:
(a) After the accident Juhi’s face was disfigured.
(b) It took a long time to straighten the matted bundle of wool.
(c) After class, the students scurried out for their lunch-break.
(d) One should never humiliate the disabled people.
(e) Nutan was envious of her sister, who won the ‘Best Singer’ award.
(f) Corruption is a contemptible act.
(g) We are contemplating seriously about buying a new apartment, (completing/contemplating)
(h) I was startled to see a snake in my room.

2. The story focusses on some social problems and evil practices that are prevailing in the society. Read the text carefully and make a list of all social problems and evil practices. Discuss in the class to find some solutions to these problems. One is done for you.

Question 1.
The story focusses on some social problems and evil practices that are prevailing in the society. Read the text carefully and make a list of all social problems and evil practices. Discuss in the class to find some solutions to these problems. One is done for you.

Answer:

Social problems and evil practices	Probable Solutions
1. Discrimination between a boy child and girl child.	1. Both must be treated equal at family, school and society levels.
2. Girl education	2. Education should be given to girls to understand their rights.
3. Dowry	3. We should not give or take dowry and should complain about such practices.
4. Marriage with an old person for property.	4. Girls should oppose such marriages.

3. Fill in the boxes with proper letters so as to find various characters in the story by their specialities. One is done for you.

Question 1.
Fill in the boxes with proper letters so as to find various characters in the story by their specialities. One is done for you.

Answer:

4. Glance through the story again and describe Bholi’s character before and after her meeting with the teacher. Complete the table and then write two paragraphs describing the changes seen in her character.

Question 1.
Glance through the story again and describe Bholi’s character before and after her meeting with the teacher. Complete the table and then write two paragraphs describing the changes seen in her character.

Answer:

Before	After
1. She was called simpleton, children made fun of her and mimicked her.	1. She became confident and was able to utter her name.
2. She had neither good looks nor intelligence.	2. She changed herself mentally and became smart.
3. She was frightened and had no courage to speak. She was like a dumb cow.	3. She became bold and got courage to say what is right and what is wrong.
4. She couldn’t take her own decisions.	4. She could take her own decisions of her life only because of the confidence her teacher had given.

Bholi-A Courageous girl

Bholi was a backward child from her childhood and was known as simpleton. She had an attack of smallpox at the age of two and her entire body was pockmarked except for her eyes. She had neither good looks nor intelligence. Being fourth daughter of her parents, she couldn’t get any comforts of her life so she was always under pressure and had no courage to speak.

She was always frightened so she was known as a dumb cow. She couldn’t even talk properly because of her stammering habit. So she couldn’t speak out her thoughts and couldn’t take decision of her life. Overall she was sad, frightened and used to live life under the pressure of her parents.

But when she started going to school, her life was totally changed. She met a teacher who was kind and supportive. With her help she became confident and was able to utter her name properly. She changed herself mentally and became smart.

She also got courage to say what is right and what is wrong, so she refused to get married to a person who was her father’s age and decided to serve her parents. At last she was able to take her own decisions of her life with the confidence her teacher had given to her. She decided to follow the path shown by her teacher and teach in the same school where she learnt.

5. Find out synonyms from the passage for the following words:

Question 1.
Find out synonyms from the passage for the following words:
Answer:

1. humiliate – put to shame
2. surely – certainly
3. fortunate – lucky
4. contentment – satisfaction

6. Expand the proverb in about 12 to 15 lines, ‘Where there is a will, there is a way.’

Question 1.
Expand the proverb in about 12 to 15 lines, ‘Where there is a will, there is a way.’
Steps:
1. Explanation of the proverb in simple words.
2. Examples/Experiences to prove the proverb.
3. Conclusion.
Answer:

‘Where there is a will, there is a way’

Success and achievement in life are not possible without strong will. All great personalities and personages who have left permanent prints of their lives on the society, are the men and women who had indomitable (invincible) will. If we are determined to do something, we will get it done only when we have a strong will. Most of the successful people overcome a number of difficulties to find the right path to success, that is the reason why they are successful. The examples of Helen Keller, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Dr. A.P.J. Kalam, Dhirubhai Ambani and many others aptly prove the proverb.

Will power, determination and dedication help us to make impossible things possible. Only if we have the will to win, we would surely find our way sooner or later. Whatever inventions are seen today were a problem one day. But the will and hardwork of the inventors found their solutions. Impossible is possible for the person of strong will. Every successful man fails many a times but with unshaken faith and strong will, he becomes successful one day. Think high, try your best, without being daunted by the odds of the path and success is yours.

One step at a time and that well placed will take you to the grandest height. The only thing is to start with firm determination, strong will and the way is yours. So it is rightly said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”

7. Read the extract beginning from:

Question 1.
Read the extract beginning from-
“Her name was Sulekha …. find bridegroom for them.” Narrate this extract in short, making Sulekha (Bholi) the narrator. Write it in your notebook. Begin with “I was named Sulekha….”
Answer:
I was named Sulekha but since my childhood everyone had been calling me Bholi, the simpleton.

I was the fourth daughter of Numberdar Ramlal. When I was ten months old, I had fallen off the cot on my head and perhaps it had damaged some part of my brain. That was why I remained a backward child and came to be known as Bholi, the simpleton.

At birth I was very fair and pretty. But when I was two years old I had an attack of smallpox. Only the eyes were saved. But the entire body was permanently disfigured by deep black pockmarks. I could not speak till I was five and when at last I learnt to speak, I stammered. The other children often made fun of me and mimicked me. As a result, I talked very little.

My father Ramlal had seven children, three sons and four daughters, and the youngest of them was me. Ours was a prosperous farmer’s household and there was plenty to eat and drink. All the children except me were healthy and strong. My brothers had been sent to the city to study in schools and later in colleges. Of the sisters, Radha, the eldest had already been married. The second sister Mangala’s marriage had also been settled. My father would think of my third sister Champa. They were good looking, healthy girls. And it was not difficult to find bridegrooms for them.

8. Interview:

Question 1.
Interview-
Prepare a set of 10-12 questions that you would ask at an interview of a person who has strongly acted against social injustice and has achieved success in spite of a long struggle against so many odds in his/her life.
Answer:
Good morning, Sir.
You are welcome in …………
Can you spare some time for us?

1. How did you get attracted towards social injustice?
2. Was it your passion from the beginning to work for the society?
3. How do you come to know about such unfair practices?
4. What do you do when you come to know such problems of injustice?
5. The world might be making progress in terms of providing social justice-
   How do you feel when you hear such kind of social injustice?
6. What difficulties did you face while doing your work?
7. Can you give any striking examples of injustice in which you have achieved success?
8. Social injustice is a disease-what do you think about it?
9. How did you make the person confident who was harrassed?
10. What are your future plans related to your work?
11. What message would you give to the youngsters about such incidents of injustice?

Language Study:

Question 1.
Rewrite the following in indirect speech:
“Put the fear out of your heart and you will be able to speak like everyone else.”
Answer:
The teacher told/advised Bholi to put the fear out of her heart and she would be able to speak like everyone else.

Question 2.
“Yes, certainly,” his wife said, “Bholi will be lucky to get such a well-to-do bridegroom.”
Answer:
His wife said with certainty that Bholi would be lucky to get such a well-to-do bridegroom.

Question 3.
“What will that witless one say? She is like a dumb cow”. “May be you are right,” muttered Ramlal.
Answer:
Ramlal’s wife asked Ramlal what that witless one would say. She was like a dumb cow. Ramlal muttered that it was possible that she was right.

Question 4.
“Be a little considerate, please. If you go back, I can never show my face in the village.” “Then out with five thousand.”
Answer:
Ramlal requested the bridegroom to be a little considerate. He further said that if he went back, he could never show his face in the village. The bridegroom then told Ramlal to give out five thousand to him.

Question 5.
“Pitaji, take back your money. I am not going to marry this man.” “Bholi, are you crazy?” shouted Ramlal.
Answer:
Bholi told her father to take back his money as she was not going to marry that man. Ramlal angrily asked Bholi if she was crazy.

2. Rewrite the sentences given below as per the given Degree of Comparison without change of meaning:

Question 1.
Rewrite the sentences given below as per the given Degree of Comparison without change of meaning:
(a) You are not as young as she is. (Comparative)
(b) His fourth daughter’s wedding was the grandest of all. (Positive)
(c) Bholi was younger than all his other daughters. (Superlative)
Answer:
(a) She is younger than you.
(b) No other daughter’s wedding was as grand as his fourth daughter’s wedding.
(c) Bholi was the youngest of all his daughters.

3. Correct the errors in the following sentences. Focus on verbs and subject.

(a) All children, except Bholi, was healthy and strong.
(b) Since childhood, everyone will have calling her Bholi.
(c) If girls goes to school, who will marry them?
(d) New clothes was never made for Bholi.
(e) The garland were flung into the fire.
(f) Do you wants to hear more?
(g) Aren’t that right?
(h) I will teaches in the same school.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.2 Bholi Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Ramlal had three sons and four daughters.
2. All the children except Bholi were healthy and strong.

Question 2.
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements:
Answer:

1. Ramlal was a Government servant. – Agree
2. Ramlal had not the courage to disobey his wife. – Disagree
3. Bholi’s eldest sister Radha was married. – Agree
4. Bholi had neither good looks nor intelligence. – Agree

Choose the correct alternative for each of the following questions:

Question 1.
What does the word ‘Bholi’ mean?
Answer:

1. angry
2. foolish
3. simpleton
4. sad.

Question 2.
At what age Bholi had an attack of smallpox?
Answer:

1. six
2. two
3. ten
4. nine.

Question 3.
What was the real name of Bholi?
Answer:

1. Radha
2. Champa
3. Mangala
4. Sulekha.

Question 4.
Who was not healthy and strong in Randal’s Family?

1. Radha
2. Bholi
3. Mangala
4. Champa.

Answer:

1. simpleton
2. two
3. Sulekha
4. Bholi.

Who said to whom:

Question 1.
“Come with me. I will take you to school.”
Answer:
Ramlal said to Bholi.

Question 2.
“What is your name, little one?”
Answer:
The teacher said to Bholi.

Question 3.
Put [✓] or [✗] in front of the following sentences:
Answer:

1. Bholi was the beloved daughter of Ramlal. – [✗]
2. Bholi used to wear old dresses of her sisters. – [✓]
3. Bholi was happy to see so many girls of her age in the school. – [✓]
4. All the girls in the school were laughing at Bholi. – [✓]

Question 4.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. Bishamber was a young bridegroom. – False
2. Ramlal had never dreamt that his fourth daughter Bholi would have such a grand wedding. – True
3. When Bholi was brought near the sacred fire she was in a red silken bridal dress. – True
4. Bholi felt herself lucky to get a well-to-do bridegroom like Bishamber. – False

Question 5.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Bholi’s parents were eager to accept Bishamber’s proposal for marriage because they felt that she might remain unmarried all her life.
2. Bholi’s elder sisters who had come for her marriage were envious of her luck.

Question 6.
Choose the correct alternative and complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. The garland of marriage was made of yellow marigolds.
(a) roses
(b) yellow marigolds
(c) lilies

2. Bishamber demanded five thousand rupees to get married to Bholi.
(a) two thousand rupees
(b) three thousand rupees
(c) five thousand rupees.

3. Bholi is compared with a dumb cow.
(a) a dumb cow
(b) a kind cow
(c) a dead cow

4. Bholi was not ready to get married.
(a) Bishamber
(b) Bholi
(c) Bholi’s friend

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following web:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Why did the bridegroom refuse to garland Bholi? (HcMIHdl} ‘Mlcdldl W. HI=bK<r1?)
Answer:
When a woman slipped back the silken veil from Bholi’s face, the bridegroom saw her pockmarked face. So he demanded five thousand rupees from her father and refused to marry her, unless he paid the amount.

Question 3.
What was the expression on Bholi’s face?
Answer:
Bholi was looking up. Her eyes were not downcast. She was looking up looking straight at her prospective husband. There was neither anger nor hate in her eyes. They showed only cold contempt.

Question 4.
What shocked the family members?
Answer:
When Bishamber demanded money from Bholi’s father, Bholi got angry and her hand struck out like a streak of lightning and the garland was flung into the fire. She got up and threw away the veil. She told her father in a clear loud voice without the slightest stammer to take back his money as she was not going to marry that man. Thus Bholi’s firm and staight statement shocked the entire family.

Question 5.
Who said to whom:
1. “Yes, Aunty, you are right. You all thought I was a dumb-driven cow.”
2. “I will serve you and mother and I will teach in the same school where I learnt so much.”
Answer:
1. Bholi said to the old woman.
2. Bholi said to her father.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Describe the appearance of Bholi.
Answer:
Bholi was the youngest daughter of Ramlal. Some part of her brain was damaged, so she was a backward child. Her entire body was permanently disfigured by deep black pockmarks when she had an attack of smallpox. She was very weak. She had neither good looks nor intelligence.

Question 2.
Complete the reasons:
Ramlal decided to send Bholi to school because – ……………………………………..
Answer:
Ramlal decided to send Bholi to school because – ……………………………………..

1. the Tehsildar urged him to send his (Randal’s) daughter to school.
2. he had no courage to disobey the Tehsildar.
3. his wife was also ready to do so.

Complete the following:

Question 1.
Bholi talked very little because – …………………….
Answer:
Bholi talked very little because she stammered and other children often made fun of her and mimicked her.

Question 2.
Why did Ramlal’s wife oppose sending Bholi to School?
Answer:
Ramlal’s wife opposed sending Bholi to school because she thought that if she went to school, nobody would marry her.

Question 3.
What shows that Bholi was unwilling to go to school?
Answer:
Bholi did not know what a school was like when her father was taking her to school. She remembered how a few days ago their old cow Lakshmi had been turned out of the house and sold so she was frightened to go to school.

Question 4.
How did Bholi’s parents change her appearance?
Answer:
Bholi was given some decent clothes to wear instead of old dresses of her sisters. No one cared to mend or wash her clothes. But she was bathed and oil was rubbed onto her dry and matted hair. And they made her ready to go to school.

Question 5.
What made the class attractive to Bholi?
Answer:
When she saw many girls almost of her age present there, she became glad. She also hoped that one of those girls might become her friend. She saw the pictures on the wall and the colours fascinated her. Her lady teacher was also kind to her. All those things attracted Bholi.

Question 6.
Why did Bholi feel ashamed?
Answer:
The lady teacher who was teaching in the class asked Bholi what her name was. But she could not utter her name ‘Bholi’ properly. As she was stammering, she felt ashamed in front of other girls. She began to cry. She felt ashamed because all the girls in the class were laughing at her.

Question 7.
How would you describe the teacher’s attitude towards Bholi? Give 3 to 4 points.
Answer:
The teacher was very kind and sympathetic towards Bholi. She spoke with her in soft and soothing voice. Instead of commanding, she was just giving her friendly suggestions so Bholi felt better in her company. She had never been called with that much love; so it touched her heart.

Question 8.
How did the teacher encourage Bholi to overcome her stammering?
Answer:
When the teacher asked Bholi what her name was, she could not utter a single word because of fear. With the teacher’s encouraging words and pat on her back she felt relieved to give a trial. And thus Bholi could give up her stammering and overcome her fear.

Question 9.
Complete the following web.
Answer:

Question 10.
What were the drawbacks of Bishamber as a bridegroom?
Answer:
1. Bishamber was as old as Bholi’s father.
2. He was married.
3. The children from his first wife were quite grown-up.

Question 11.
Complete the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Beside the humiliation and grief, Ramlal was afraid of Bholi’s marriage as he thought that no one would ever marry Bholi.
2. Bholi told her father in a calm and steady voice that she would serve him and mother in their old age and she would teach in the same school where she learnt so much.

Question 12.
Name the artist and the masterpiece.
Answer:
The teacher who gave courage to Bholi was the real artist and Bholi was the masterpiece of her creation.

Question 13.
Arrange the following sentences as per their order of occurrence in the passage:

1. Bholi’s teacher was satisfied with her student’s decision.
2. Bholi learnt a lot of things in her school.
3. Bholi refused to get married to Bishamber because she knew that he would not keep her happy.
4.  Bholi decided to serve her parents and teach in the same school where she learnt.

Answer:

1. Bholi learnt a lot of things in her school.
2. Bholi refused to get married with Bishamber because she knew that he would not keep her happy.
3. Bholi decided to serve her parents and teach in the same school where she learnt.
4. Bholi’s teacher was satisfied with her student’s decision.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Find out from the passage opposites for the following words:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. forgot × remembered
2. indecent × decent
3. sad × glad
4. bore × fascinated

Question 2.
Use the following phrases in the following sentences by making certain changes :
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
(to shout in terror, to pass on, to hand over, to look . up at.)

1. My sister handed over a letter of apology to her class teacher.
2. My father had the day off because he didn’t want to pass on his flu to everyone in the office.
3. Ruta shouted in terror when she saw a cobra in front of her.
4. The world looks up at Dr Kalam as a great visionary.

Question 3.
Find the verb forms of the following from the passage ;

1. mimicry
2. settlement
3. speech
4. marriage.

Answer:

1. mimick
2. settle
3. speak
4. marry.

Question 4.
Read the given sentences and write the words of each sentence in the proper columns:
Answer:

1. The old dresses of her sisters were passed on to her.
2. Today she was lucky to receive a clean dress.
3. And suddenly Bholi noticed that the teacher was standing by her side.
4. Then she began to cry and tears flowed from her eyes.

Nouns	Verbs	Adjectives	Adverbs
1. -dresses -sisters	Were passed	old	–
2. dress	was	-lucky -clean	today
3. teacher	-noticed -was standing	–	-suddenly -by side
4. -tears -eyes	-began – flowed	–	Then

Question 5.
Complete the following sentences using words given in the brackets:
(disfigured, matted, fascinated) (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
The beautiful scenery fascinated me.

Question 6.
Complete the following sentences using the words given in the brackets:
(scurried, affectionately, astonished, a great achievement) (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. My father always tries to solve my problem affectionately.
2. My mother was astonished to see her brother in front of her after so many years.
3. Overcoming her difficulties was a great achievement for Bholi.

Question 7.
Complete the following sentences using the words given in the brackets:
(envious, procession, overjoyed, pockmarks) (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Most of the youngsters like to dance in marriage procession.
2. He was overjoyed to see his friend after a long time.
3. Due to pockmarks on her face, she is rejected by many for a marriage.

Question 8.
Find out synonyms from the passage for the following words: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
1. senseless – witless
2. jealous – envious.

Question 9.
Find ‘one word’ for the following from the passage:
Answer:

1. garment that covers the head and face – veil
2. hurt the pride of – humiliate
3. joyful and proud especially because of success – triumphant
4. related to the future – prospective

Question 10.
Complete the following sentences using the words given in the brackets:
(contemptible, humiliate, startled, thunderstruck) (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
Sujata was thunderstruck when he presented her with an engagement ring.

Question 11.
Find out synonyms from the passage for the following words:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. contempt – hatred
2. prospective – future
3. startled – shocked.

Question 12.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the words given in the brackets:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
She violently disagreed with what we said. (slowly/violently)

Question 13.
Find out synonyms from the passage for the following words :
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
formal event – ceremony

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Name the Tenses:
1. I will tell you what to do.
2. Ramlal consulted his wife.
Answer:
1. Simple Future Tense
2. Simple Past Tense.

Question 2.
Change into indirect speech:
Randal’s wife said to him, “I will tell you what to do.”
Answer:
Randal’s wife told him that she would tell him what to do.

Question 3.
Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence:
The child was very fair and pretty.
Answer:
How fair and pretty the child was!

Do as directed:

Question 1.
The child was very fair and pretty.
(Choose correct alternative to make it exclamatory.)
1. What a fair and pretty the child was!
2. How a fair and pretty the child was!
3. How fair and pretty the child was!
Answer:
2. How fair and pretty the child was!

Question 2.
It was not difficult to find bridegroom for them. (Underline the infinitive in the sentence.)
Answer:
It was not difficult to find bridegroom for them.

Change the voice:

Question 1.
The teacher patted her affectionately.
(Begin the sentence with “She….)
Answer:
She was patted affectionately by the teacher.

Question 2.
The teacher encouraged her.
(Begin the sentence with “She….)
Answer:
She was encouraged by the teacher.

Question 3.
She was a harmless dumb cow.
(Make it exclamatory.)
Answer:
What a harmless dumb cow she was!

Question 4.
What a shameless girl! (Make it assertive.)
Answer:
She was really a shameless girl.

Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as an answer:

Question 1.
Ramlal placed the bundle at the bridegroom’s feet.
Answer:
Where did Ramlal place the bundle?

Question 2.
Bishamber raised the garland to place it round the bride’s neck.
Answer:
Why did Bishamber raise the garland?

Rewrite the following as per the tenses mentioned in the brackets:

Question 1.
Ramlal stood rooted to the ground.
(Past Continuous Tense)
Answer:
Ramlal was standing rooted to the ground.

Question 2.
The teacher was watching the drama.
(Present Perfect Continuous Tense.)
Answer:
The teacher has been watching the drama.

Question 3.
Complete the words by using correct letters:
Answer:

1. br_in – brain
2. stu_y -study
3. dr_ss – dress
4. hea_t -heart

Question 4.
Put the words in alphabetical order:
1. violently, grief, proposal, astonish.
2. marriage, matter, manage, make.
Answer:
1. astonish, grief, proposal, violently.
2. make, manage, marriage, matter.

Question 5.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. whats the matter with you you fool shouted ramlal
2. have you seen her said bishamber to the friend next to him she has pockmarks on her face.
Answer:
1. “What’s the matter with you, you fool?” shouted Ramlal.
2. “Have you seen her?” said Bishamber to the friend next to him. “She has pockmarks on her face.”

Question 6.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the word ‘contemplating’.
Answer:

1. complain
2. contempt
3. tempt
4. contain.

Question 7.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the letter of the previous word.
disfigure, e…………., …………….., …………….., ……………..
Answer:
disfigure, → enter, record , detect, tend.

1. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence by using the given phrase: “to make fun of’
Answer:
It is not good to make fun of any disabled person.

OR

Question (b)
Add another clause to the following sentence expand meaningfully:
My teacher was angry – ………………………………….
Answer:
My teacher was angry because some students misbehaved in the class.

2. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words.
1. decorate
2. courage
Answer:
1. decorative, decoration
2. courageous, discourage.

OR

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words.
1. decorate
2. courage
Answer:
1. We shall decorate our classroom with flowers and balloons on Independence Day.
2. He showed great courage in the dangerous situation.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What do you think about your school?
Answer:
My school is the second home for me. I meet my friends and share my sorrows and joys with them. I can take proper guidance and advice from my teachers. It is the place which I love from the ; bottom of my heart.

Question 2.
How do you feel on the first day of your school?
Answer:
When I go to school after a long vacation I feel very happy and excited to meet my friends. There is always a curiosity about a new class teacher and newcomers in the class. New dress, new bag I and books add more excitement on the very first day of my school, so I like it very much.

Explain the following statements:

Question (a)
She had neither good looks nor intelligence.
Answer:
According to her parents, she was neither beautiful nor literate. She was ugly. Being uneducated and ugly nobody will accept her as a life partner. It also means good looks and intelligence are important in our life but it is not at all right.

Question (b)
Let the teachers at school worry about her.
Answer:
Bholi’s parents were careless about her. They ignored her education. When the Tehsildar sahib told her father to send his daughter to school, he reluctantly was ready. The mother knew that there was little chance of getting her married because of her ugly face and lack of sense. There will be no need to worry about her, if she gets some education. So her mother said, “Let the teachers at school worry about her.”

Question 4.
Is it good to make a fun of the child who can’t speak well? (dld-m WJfNqj) Hyihl -‘Wl 3TT% ^T?)
Answer:
No, it’s not good to make a fun of the child who can’t speak well because it is his disability and it is not good to laugh at somebody’s disability. We should encourage him/her to speak so that he/she would speak clearly. It will boost his/her confidence whereas teasing him/her will down his/her moral.

Question 5.
“If girls go to school, who will marry them?”-Why, do you think, that Bholi’s mother thought so?
Answer:
It is sad that some communities still discriminate against the education of the girl child. The condition in the past was worse. If a girl child was sent to school nobody would be ready to get married to her. Education was not at all important for any girl in those days. It was her duty to look after ‘Home and Hearth’ so taking education was considered to be useless then. Bholi’s mother was also from the same era. So she thought that nobody would marry their daughters, if they were sent to school.

Question 6.
Why does positive encouragement work better than criticism?
Answer:
Positive encouragement helps us to focus on our self-centred outlook. Positivity also reduces | our anxiety whereas criticism leads us towards fear, anger and stress. A word of encouragement can go a long way in our daily lives as it is the most effective motivator. It recognizes and fosters continual growth and effort. It builds determination and confidence so it is always better than criticism.

Question 7.
Her heart was throbbing with the thought of new hope and new life-Explain.
Answer:
After going to school, Bholi realised that she was happy there. She had a new hope for her life as the life of school was better than her family life. She was quite happy in school because the teacher and her classmates were really co-operative and she was happy with them. So she had a new hope in her new school life.

Question 8.
What is your opinion about Bholi’s bridegroom? Should she get married to him?
Answer:
I think Bholi’s bridegroom was aged with grown-up children from his first wife. She should not get married to a person who is almost the age of her father. There was a vast difference in their age so it did not seem to be a good couple/match.

Question 9.
What did you learn from Bholi’s action of not getting married to Bishamber?
Answer:
Bholi has done the right thing. She wouldn’t be happy with the person who was of her father’s age. He was greedy and heartless. Her married life would have been ruined. So the decision taken by her not to get married to Bishamber was right.

Question 10.
“The teacher is an artist.” Do you agree with the statement. Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, I fully agree with the statement. The teacher is an artist who fills colours in lives of many students. Whenever he/she sees his/her student successful in his/her life, he/she feels satisfied from the bottom of his/her heart. His/her joy is greater | than anything else in the world. Seeing his/her student at the top, makes him/her feel proud and contented. It is like an artist contemplating after completing his/her masterpiece. He is the sculptor of i the students’ future and shapes and colours their lives.

My English Coursebook 10th Class Solutions Pdf Unit 4

• The World is Mine Class 10 English Solutions
• Bholi Class 10 English Solutions
• O Captain! My Captain! Class 10 English Solutions
• Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Class 10 English Solutions
• Joan of Arc Class 10 English Solutions
• A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Class 10 English Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 2.1 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.1 You Start Dying Slowly Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

You Start Dying Slowly Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 2.1 You Start Dying Slowly Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

1. Assuming A, B, C, D, as speakers, ask the assigned questions in your group and discuss.

Question 1.
Assuming A, B, C, D, as speakers, ask the assigned questions in your group and discuss.

Answer:

A	Responses
If you do not study well what will happen?	I will not get good marks in examination. I may fail in the examination. I will be blamed for neglecting studies. Parents will be angry for my negligence.
If you do not participate in school activities/games.	My teacher and friends will treat me as idle and inactive student. I will not be called a sociable student. I will feel solitary and dull. I will not be able to show my skills in games and other co-curricular activities. I will lose my opportunity to gain importance.
B	Responses
If you wake up late on a working day.	I will miss cool, peaceful mornings. Morning chores will get delayed. I will feel dull and lazy. I will lose best hours of work.
If you ignore a friend in need.	Other friends will lose their faith in me. They will leave/avoid me for ignoring my duties towards friend. Many will blame me for my betrayal. I shall face big emotional loss.
C	Responses
If you do not do exercise regularly what will happen?	I will not stay healthy and fit physically and mentally. I will suffer from obesity. I will be easily affected by infections and diseases. I will not feel energetic and active.
D	Responses
If you eat too much junk food what will happen?	I will suffer from obesity. I may lose my immunity. I will not be able to live active life. I will have to spend a lot on my health problems.

2. Things I can do in my life

Question 1.
Things I can do in my life

Answer:

3. Complete the following with and write a paragraph.

Question 1.
Complete the following with and write a paragraph.

Answer:

Space Travel-My Wish According to the novelist H. G. Wells, one of the things to come in future was space travel. It was a fantastic dream then. It has turned into reality now. The invention of rockets, satellites and spaceships (spacecraft) have opened the gates of space travels.

Since I read about the accomplishments of the astronauts of different countries, I had my secret wish of space travelling. I don’t know when and how it will realize but I do wish to travel to space. How shall I enjoy the travel to space!

First I wish to go into the orbit round the earth. Then I shall emerge from the capsule and, still tied to my space vehicle, I shall walk in space. I shall move about in space with the help of space-gun. Then I wish to land on different planets. My first visit will be the moon, of course.

Then waiting and taking rest on a space station built by scientists and engineers, I shall travel to nearby planets. I shall visit Mars, Venus, Jupiter, etc. For that I shall travel by shuttle rocket service between the earth and the space station and from the space station to any other planet of my wish. I shall enjoy different weather, land, food and aliens if at all they exist there. What a marvellous travel it will be!

English Workshop:

1. Read the different messages in the poem given below. Choose the one that suits this poem, best.

Question 1.
Read the different messages in the poem given below. Choose the one that suits this poem, best.
(a) Face life whatever it may give you.
(b) Fulfil all your dreams and unfulfilled desires.
(c) Be yourself and do what your heart tells you.
(d) Accept all possible changes or risks that you have taken.
(e) Keeping your self-esteem intact, just try to relax in life.
Answer:
(c) Be yourself and do what your heart tells you.

2. State the following:

Question a.
Theme/central idea of the poem.
Answer:
Refer to point no (5) of the appreciation of this poem.

Question b.
Line that provides evidence of the theme.
Answer:
If you do not change your life, you start I dying slowly.

Question c.
Three characteristics, from the poem, that makes one dull and uninteresting.
Answer:
The three characteristics from the poem that makes one dull and uninteresting are:

1. becoming a slave of your habits.
2. not going with fresh emotions.
3. not facing exciting, risky challenges.

3. Pick out four Adjectives from the poem and write them down with the nouns they describe.

Question 1.
Pick out four Adjectives from the poem and write them down with the nouns they describe.

1. ………………………
2. ……………………..
3. ……………………..
4. ……………………….

Answer:

1. same paths
2. different colours
3. turbulent emotions
4. sensible advice.

4. Compare the structure of the poem, ‘You start dying slowly to the poems in Unit One (1.1 and 1.3) To which poem does the structure match? ……………….
What differences do you notice in the other ones. Note them down.
1. ……………………..
2. …………………….
3. …………………….
4. …………………….

Question 1.
Compare the structure of the poem, ‘You start dying slowly to the poems in Unit One (1.1 and 1.3) To which poem does the structure match? ……………….
Answer:
1. The structure of the poem 1.3 ‘Basketful of Moonlight’ matches with this poem.
2. What differences do you notice in the other ones. Note them down.

‘A Teenager’s Prayer’	‘You start dying slowly…’
1. Metric, Rhythmic Rhymes, Rhyme Scheme	Free Verse, No rhymes or rhyming scheme.
2. Narrative-Teenager’s prayer to God.	Didactic poem (imparting advice)
3. Quatrain (a group of four lines in each stanza)	Different number of lines in each stanza.
4. Different figures of speech.	Mainly Repetition in the beginning of each line.

5. What expression is repeated in the poem? How many times? Why, do you think, the poet emphasizes it? 

Question 1.
What expression is repeated in the poem? How many times? Why, do you think, the poet emphasizes it?
Answer:
The expression ‘If you do not-‘ is repeated in the poem. It has been repeated 12 times in the beginning of lines in the poem. The poet emphasizes it because he wants to urge strongly to read the poem and stress the things that we should not do. He reminds us every time what we should avoid to do for living good life.

6. Write the opposite of the following in the form of advice using different words and phrases: 

Question 1.
Write the opposite of the following in the form of advice using different words and phrases:
(a) You do not travel × you should travel, as much as you can.
(b) You do not appreciate yourself × …………………..
(c) You kill your self-esteem × you should keep up your self- esteem.
(d) You become a slave of habits ×………………….
(e) You refuse to speak to strangers ×……………………
(f) You do not change your life ×…………………….
(g) You refuse to take a risk × ………………….
Answer:
(a) You do not travel × you should travel, as much as you can.
(b) You do not appreciate yourself × You should appreciate yourself.
(c) You kill your self-esteem × You should keep up your self-esteem.
(d) You become a slave of habits × Don’t become a slave of habits.
(e) You refuse to speak to strangers × You should speak to strangers.
(f) You do not change your life × You should change your life.
(g) You refuse to take a risk × You should always be ready to take a risk.

7. Go through the following steps and discuss in pairs about the facts mentioned in it. Write a paragraph using the points. Give another interesting title.

Question 1.
Go through the following steps and discuss in pairs about the facts mentioned in it. Write a paragraph using the points. Give another interesting title.

Answer:
Mould your living for Brighter Life
Everyone in the world craves for happy life. Everyone has his own concept of happy life. What, in general, can we do for living better life? Living wise and virtuous life is living happy life. Here are some facts and ways of living better life.

You should give up all your bad habits. Bad habits can spoil your whole life and your happiness. Resolve to get rid of one bad habit at a time and finish them off determinently. Never allow negative thoughts to enter your mind. Be always positive. Positive attitude will lead you to happiness and negative thoughts affect your life as well as others around you. Be confident and trust yourself and love whatever you do for good life.

You must be a good learner. Learn from any small things beneath the sun. Enrich your mind and soul by becoming a lifelong learner. Every moment of learning will give you a new experience of life. That also keeps you updated and gives you knowledge of vivid visions of glory.

Sharing and caring are two very important aspects of happy life. Share your sorrows and happiness with others. Take care of those who are around you. You will get love and respect from them. It is our moral abligation and that gives us satisfaction. Be humble to everyone who meets you on the way of your life. Respect and welcome everyone with smile. That gives you joy of your life. If you follow all these rules and values, you will surely live better life.

8. Complete the following table with the things in your life which help you to change your habits and routine.

Question 1.
Complete the following table with the things in your life which help you to change your habits and routine.

Answer:

If I do this	I shall….
If I travel	I shall widen my worldly knowledge and experience.
If I read	I shall be wise and knowledgeable.
If I change my bad habits	I shall lead a gentle and civilized life.
If I play continuously on a mobile phone	I shall miss the pleasures of playing on a playground.
If I don’t make friends	I shall live dull, tedious, solitary and secluded life.

9. Everyone needs inspiration to move ahead or make progress in our life. There are some things which inspire us to live better. What are those things?

Question 1.
Everyone needs inspiration to move ahead or make progress in our life. There are some things which inspire us to live better. What are those things?
(a) Stories
(b) ………….
(c) ………….
(d) ………….
(e) ………….
(f) …………..
Answer:
(a) stories
(b) parent’s support
(c) dreams
(d) role model
(e) faith in your own diligence
(f) motivation.

10. Complete the web diagrams with words that go with their topics.

Question 1.
Complete the web diagrams with words that go with their topics.

Answer:

11. Write about a day when you felt very happy. Use the following questions to help you. Think/Recollect a day.
Note down the points.

1. Do you remember the exact day and date?
2. Was it a special occasion or celebration?
3. What happened on that day?
4. How did you react to the things that happened on that day?
5. How did other people react when they saw you were so happy?
6. What did you do next?
7. What happened in the end?
8. Describe any other emotions you felt that day.

Now, with the help of the guidelines write a short paragraph of at least loo words about that happy day. Give a suitable title for your narrative/write-up.

Question 1.
Write about a day when you felt very happy. Use the following questions to help you. Think/Recollect a day.
Answer:

My Happiest Day
It was Wednesday, the 20th March, 2019. It was my birthday and also was the ‘Sparrows Day’. I had recently read an article about the ‘disappearing sparrows in Mumbai’. I felt very sorry about their miserable condition. From that day I was thinking of doing something for the poor sparrows. Then I decided to celebrate my birthday differently.

I had collected the material I required for making the sparrows happy. I started to set up an open bird- cote near the window of my house. I made a box of light wooden planks. Then I nailed two steel bowls of water on both sides of the cote. I put some grains and seeds on the cote. I filled the bowls with water. I also put some sparrow food inside the box. The box was big enough for the sparrows to move in and out.

Then I waited for the sparrows to come. In the beginning they did come near the cote but did not enter in the cote. They were afraid. But soon, after some hesitation, they began to alight on the cote one after another. They ate grains and drank water.

They chirped and twittered. The whole atmosphere was filled with joy at the sight of the twittering tiny sparrows. My parents and neighbours were very happy and thanked me for the gift I gave them on my birthday. The sparrows were assured that they were safe and no harm was done to them.

It was the biggest and the happiest day of my life. Everyone spoke high of me and praised me for my kind act. My joy knew no bounds. I was feeling proud that I could do something nice for the sparrows in my own small way.

12. Use Internet or any hook to write four inspirational or motivational quotes, related to the message/s in the poem.

Question 1.
Use Internet or any hook to write four inspirational or motivational quotes, related to the message/s in the poem.
Answer:
1. The path from dreams to success does exist, may you have the vision to find it, the courage to get on to it and perseverance to follow it.
2. Variety is the spice of life.
(Students should try to find more such quotes from internet/books.)

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 2.1 You Start Dying Slowly Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Say whether the following pieces of advice by the poet are Right or Wrong:
Answer:

1. Appreciate your own good qualities. – Right
2. You should kill your self-esteem. – Wrong
3. Be a slave of your bad habits. – Wrong
4. Don’t bother to change the routine. – Right
5. Avoid strong feelings and their unsteady emotions. – Wrong
6. When you are not satisfied even then don’t change your life. – Wrong
7. Go after your dream. – Right
8. Show the courage to risk something. – Right

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the Web:
(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

Question 2.
What things can lead to slow death?
Answer:
Following things can lead one to a slow death. If one ignores travelling, reading, listening to the sounds of life, knowing one’s own qualities, keeping your self-respect, telling others to help you, then one can lead to slow death. Also, if one becomes a slave of one’s habits, does the same things every day without changing the routine, wears the same colours, avoids speaking to strangers, one can lose his/her happy future.

Question 3.
What is it that makes life worth living? Give four points:
Answer:

1. Be passionate.
2. If we are not satisfied with our job or love, change our ways of Life.
3. Be ready to take any risk courageously.
4. Go after our dreams with perseverance.

Question 4.
Complete the following lines with the help of the extract:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Passions and their emotions shine your eyes and beat your heart fast.
2. If you are not satisfied with your job or love, change your life.

Activity-based on Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Give your own rhyming words for
1. read and
2. change.
Answer:
1. read – feed
2. change – range

Question 2.
Find out a pair of rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:
Passion – emotion.

Question 3.
Give your own rhyming words for:
1. job
2. fast
Answer:
1. job – rob
2. fast – last.

Appreciation of the Poem

1. Title: The title of the poem is-“You start dying slowly…”
2. Name of the poet: This poem was written by the poet Pablo Neruda.
3. Rhyme scheme: There is no rhyme scheme in the poem. It is written in ‘free verse’ style.
4. Figure of speech (Any one): Apostrophe, Repetition, Antithesis.
5. Theme/Central Idea: (in 2 or 3 lines) The theme of the poem in short is like this: Life must flow and renew itself at every moment of its being. We live fully only when we enrich ourselves with new knowledge, wide experience, fresh emotions, daring encounters and exciting challenges. If we settle for a life that is stagnant, repetitive or conventional, we start dying slowly instead of living the life fully.

English Workshop
(Based on Whole Poem)

Question 1.
The poet has left the last stanza incomplete. What line will you add to complete it?
Answer:
Added line will be – you will lose your hope of happy future.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Pdf Unit 2

• You Start Dying Slowly … Class 10 English Solutions
• The Boy who Broke The Bank Class 10 English Solutions
• The Twins Class 10 English Solutions
• An Epitome of Courage Class 10 English Solutions
• Book Review – Swami and Friends Class 10 English Solutions
• World Heritage Class 10 English Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 3.1 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.1 If … Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

If … Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 3.1 If … Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat:

Form groups and chat.

Question 1.
How do you react when your parents scold you?
Answer:
My parents do not scold me without any rhyme or reason. If they scold me, it should be my mistake. Whenever they get angry and scold me, I try to keep mum so that they cool down. I also accept my mistake frankly if that is the only reason of their scolding.

Question 2.
How do you feel when someone insults you?
Answer:
When someone insults me, I try to find out the reason why he/she behaves like that. If there is a mistake from my side I try to avoid the same mistake again. I never get angry even if someone insults me for my petty mistake.

Question 3.
How would you react when you are cheated by your friend?
Answer:
I am quite sure that any of my friend wouldn’t dare to cheat me. But if it happens I would try to make him/her realize whatever he/she has done is very wrong. And whatever he/she has done is not good for him/her too.

Question 4.
Why is it wrong to make a difference among friends who belong to a different class, colour or community?
Answer:
We are friendly with those who are good at soul and mind. When our behaviour and mind match with each other, we become friends. I personally feel that friendship is not built on the basis of caste, colour or community. It develops on the basis of how we understand one another.

1. Complete the table by providing suitable responses to the given actions:

Question 1.
Complete the table by providing suitable responses to the given actions:
(Answers are directly given.)

Answer:

Action	Response
1. You are punished by the teacher without any reason.	I shall not lose my temper but I shall talk to the teacher afterwards to clear the doubt.
2. Your friends spread rumour about you.	I shall try to keep myself cool and confident and try to find out the reason.
3. Someone doubts you.	I shall try to clear his/her doubts about me personally.
4. Your relative blames you for something.	I shall try to find out the reason and I shall convince him/her not to blame me un­necessarily.
5. Someone hurts you.	I shall try to keep away from such people but I shall definitely introspect.

2. Complete the sentences meaningfully and share them with the class:

Question 2.
Complete the sentences meaningfully and share them with the class:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)

1. If you read books, you will gain knowledge.
2. If you do exercise daily, ………………………… .
3. If ……………………… , you will pass the exam.
4. If ……………………….., …………………………….. .
5. ……………………………, If …………………………… .

Answer:

1. If you read books, you will gain knowledge.
2. If you do exercise daily, you will become healthy.
3. If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
4. If you respect others, others will respect you.
5. We should accept the truth, if we know it very well.

3. Classify the following into weaknesses and strengths:

Question 1.
Classify the following into weaknesses and strengths:
fear, confidence, clarity, confusion, worry, courage, cowardice, compassion, bravery, hesitation, punctuality, laziness, anger, faith, patience, ambition, generous, impatient, cheerful, tolerant, arrogant, aggressive.

Answer:

Weaknesses	Strengths
fear, confusion, worry, cowardice, hesitation, laziness, anger, impatience, arrogant, aggressive	confidence, clarity, courage, compassion, bravery, punctuality, faith, patience, generous, cheerful, tolerant, ambition

English Workshop:

1. Read the following bits of advice and state whether you Agree or Disagree with them:

Question 1.
Read the following bits of advice and state whether you Agree or Disagree with them:

Answer:

Advice	Answer
1. Get angry when others commit mistakes.	Disagree
2. Run away from troubles.	Disagree
3. Get angry when others blame us	Disagree
4. Reconstruct something we have built with care even if it has been broken by others.	Agree

2. Pick out and enlist the positive and negative qualities in respective columns from the extract:

Question 2.
Pick out and enlist the positive and negative qualities in respective columns from the extract:
(Answers are directly given)

Answer:

Positive qualities	Negative qualities
keep your head	lose your head
1. trust yourself	1. doubt others.
2. be truthful	2. deal in lies.
3. be smart	3. give way to hating.

3. Why do the lines in the poem begin with, ‘If you can …?’ What effect does this have?

Question 1.
Why do the lines in the poem begin with, ‘If you can …?’ What effect does this have?
Answer:
The lines in the poem begin with ‘If you can… ’ because the poet insistently wants to emphasise the importance of his good advice and attract his son’s attention to every piece of advice given by him. The repetition of the lines has a musical effect.

4. Look at the use of opposite reactions in the Poem.

Question 1.
Look at the use of opposite reactions in the Poem.
For example, “If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs”. Find four other such opposite reactions from the extract.
Answer:

1. or being lied about, don’t deal in lies.
2. or being hated, don’t give way to hating.
3. you can think and not make thoughts your aim.
4. you can trust yourself when all men doubt you.

5. Complete the following:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)

Question (a)
Say WHAT …………….
are the two imposters ? …………………….. .
can the unforgiving minute be made up of? …………………….. .
Answer:
Say WHAT …………….
are the two imposters ? Triumph and Disaster.
can the unforgiving minute be made up of? sixty seconds, worth of distance run.

Question (b)
Say WHO …………….
should you trust, when doubted? …………………….. .
can you talk with and walk with? ……………………… .
Answer:
Say WHO …………….
should you trust, when doubted? oneself.
can you talk with and walk with? crowd and kings.

Question (c)
Say WHEN ……………..
can the Earth become yours? …………………….. .
should you start re-building with old tools? …………………….. .
Answer:
Say WHEN ……………..
can the Earth become yours? when we can make good use of every single minute.
should you start re-building with old tools? when we watch things created by us being broken up.

Question (d)
Say WHY ………….
do knaves twist the truth? …………………….. .
should you consider all men equally important? …………………….. .
Answer:
Say WHY ………….
do knaves twist the truth? to make trap for fools.
should you consider all men equally important? because neither foe nor friend can hurt us.

6. What should be our attitude towards the people of different strata and classes?

Question 1.
What should be our attitude towards the people of different strata and classes?
Answer:
Our attitude towards the people of different strata and classes should be positive and fair. We should treat all of them equally. We should not discriminate them on the ground of race, gender, class or religion. We may keep company with the rich but at the same time you should connect with the common man and the poor. Whatever their place in the society intermingle with them wholeheartedly. We should make efforts to integrate with all of them.

7. What, according to Rudyard Kipling, is the highest quality that makes a man a true human being?

Question 1.
What, according to Rudyard Kipling, is the highest quality that makes a man a true human being?
Answer:
According to Rudyard Kipling, treating all people equally without any discrimination makes a man a true human being.

8. Identify the figures of speech used in the following lines : (Choose from the brackets.)

Question 1.
Identify the figures of speech used in the following lines : (Choose from the brackets.)
(Simile/Repetition/Antithesis/Personification/ Metaphor/Alliteration/Apostrophe)
Answer:

1. “If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs” – Antithesis
2. “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster and treat those two imposters just the same” – personification
3. “And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise” – Repitition
4. With worn-out tools – Alliteration

9. Write a letter to your parents, thanking them for advising you; when you were in a confused state of mind. Cover up the following points in the body of the letter:

Question 1.
Write a letter to your parents, thanking them for advising you; when you were in a confused state of mind. Cover up the following points in the body of the letter:

• Your problem and confusion.
• The advice of your parents.
• How you followed their advice.
• How the problem got solved.
• Your deep gratitude to them.

Answer:
Prathamesh Purandare,
10, K.B.P. Boy’s Hostel,
Satara – 415 001.
23rd Nov., 2020.
Dear Aai and Baba,

I am extremely happy to write this letter and thank both of you for your good advice. Actually when I joined the hostel, I was not willing to stay here any longer. I couldn’t adjust to the environment and even with the boys here. But in Diwali vacation you both convinced me and told me, how to mingle with the boys here and even how to get accustomed to the conditions here, so now I am quite sure that I would live here happily. Whatever advice you have given, is definitely good for me.

When I came back here, the whole scenario of the hostel and my preconceptions about the hostel life got totally changed. Why I don’t know, but now I am very much happy to live here and intermingle with my hostel mates. If you had not advised me on this issue, I would have left the hostel long before. And my whole academic year would have gone wasted. Thank you very much for making me realize the importance of education and adjustment in the life. Thank you once again for whatever you have done for me. Convey my regards to Grandma and love to little Preksha. Waiting for your next letter as early as possible.

Your loving son,
Prathamesh

10. Draft a speech to be given during the farewell for Standard X on the topic Changes, I would like in the School Education of our State.

Question 1.
Draft a speech to be given during the farewell for Standard X on the topic Changes, I would like in the School Education of our State.

• Greeting and salutation
• Self introduction and introduction of the topic
• A catchy thought/episode/news etc. to start with
• 2 to 3 changes that you suggest with their reason
• Conclusion
• Thank you/greeting

Answer:
“Changes, I would like in School Education of our State ”

Honourable Chairperson, respected Headmaster and teachers.

I, Nikita Desai from Std. X-A wishing you a very pleasant morning. I am here to express my views on behalf of all my classmates and to bid farewell to our school, teachers and all of you.

After spending almost 10-12 years in this school, we are now capable to keep our steps out in a very different world. And I am sure being the students of this school; we would never fall short anywhere and in any field. I know the Chief Guest of today’s programme is the Education Minister of our state. So I take this opportunity to suggest some changes in the school education of our state.

The first and very important thing I would recommend is about the option. There should be internal option to each and every subject. The child should be free to opt whatever he or she likes. Teaching and learning process should not be monotonous. It should be interesting. Every child should take part in this process. Teacher should not be an authoritarian.

One more thing, I would suggest about the examination. Examination should not be mandatory. Even upgradation of a child should be based on his / her internal performance. Written examination should not be given the whole credit. There should not be a burden of homework. It should be done at school.

I know, it is quite difficult to implement everything all of a sudden. But if you go step-by-step, it is quite a feasible suggestion. I know education in Maharashtra is better than other states. But if we make these changes, teaching and learning will be more enjoyable. I hope you will try to understand the views of every child.

Wishing my friends all the best for their examination and for their bright future life. Thank you for listening to me carefully and attentively.

Jai Hind.

Project:

Question 1.
Rudyard Kipling’s work is known to all of us. Write at least five poems of Kipling in your ; notebook and submit it to your teacher. You f can take help of your school library or search for these poems on the internet.

Question 2.
Rudyard Kipling’s book, entitled ‘The Jungle Book’ is famous world wide. Its theme and setting of the story attracts the readers from the beginning. Write a book review of Kipling’s book ‘The Jungle Book’ in 100 to 150words.

Language Study:

1. Look at the following sentences:

Question 1.
Look at the following sentences:
1. If I practise hard, I shall win the game.
2. If you buy a new car, it will cost you a lot of money.
Each of those sentences has two clauses – main clause and subordinate clause.

Here, the subordinate clause indicates ‘possibility’ or ‘likelihood’. The tense of a subordinate clause depends on the main clause.

Complete the following sentences:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underline.)
a. If I like it, ………………………….. .
b. If it rains, ………………………….. .
c. If ………………………….., you would catch the train.
d. If she had obeyed her parents, ………………………….. .
Answer:
a. If I like it, I will buy it at any cost.
b. If it rains, I will remain at home.
c. If you came on time, you would catch the train.
d. If she had obeyed her parents, she would have saved her life.

2. Pick out lines that contain the following figures of speech.

Question (a)
Antithesis (Opposite ideas): ………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Antithesis (Opposite ideas): If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you.

Question (b)
Personification: …………………………………………………………. .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Personification: If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster….

Question (c)
Repetition: ………………………………………………………………. .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Repetition: If you can dream and not make dreams your master.

Question (d)
Metaphor: ………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………….. .
Answer:
Metaphor: And stoop and rebuilt them up with worn-out tools.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 3.1 If … Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. When the people around us doubt us, we should trust ourselves.
2. We can dream but we should not be slave to our dreams.
3. We can bear to hear the truth spoken by dishonest people.
4. When all people around us are unable to act in sensible way, we should keep our head cool.

Question 2.
Read the following bits of advice and state whether you Agree or Disagree with them:
Answer:

Advice	Answer
1. Keep friendship with all classes of people.	Agree
2. Hate the rich people and help the poor.	Disagree
3. We should treat everyone equally.	Agree
4. If we use every minute for the sake of good, we will be a real ‘human being’.	Agree

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. We should not lose the common touch even while walking with the kings.
2. If we treat everyone equally, neither foes nor loving friends can hurt us.
3. The speaker in this poem is ‘the father’.
4. The poem is addressed to ‘the son’.

Complex Factual Activities:

Find the line/lines from the extract as a proof for the following explanations:

Question 1.
If you watch the things created by you are being broken, you can build them up by using worn out tools.
Answer:
or watch the things you gave your life to broken, And stoop and build’em up with worn-out tools :

Question 2.
You should treat both Triumph and Disaster in the same way as they treat you.
Answer:
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two imposters just the same;

Question 3.
How should you react when someone lies about you and hates you?
Answer:
If someone lies about me, I will not tell such lies to others about him/her. And if someone hates me I will not allow myself to be controlled by his / her hatred and I would not appear to be perfect or show off my knowledge.

Question 4.
What does the poet call people who twist the truth to suit them?
Answer:
The poet calls “knaves” to the people who twist the truth to suit them.

Question 5.
Match the following idiomatic expressions in column ‘A’ with meaning in column ’B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. lose the common touch	(a) keep one’s goodness or morals under any condition
2. unforgiving minute	(b) refuse to interact with common people
3. keep one’s virtue	(c) to be a good, perfect human being
4. to be a man	(d) time that does not wait for anyone

Answer:

1. lose the common touch – refuse to interact with common people
2. unforgiving minute – time that does not wait for anyone
3. keep one’s virtue – keep one’s goodness or morals under any condition
4. to be a man – to be a good, perfect human being

Question 6.
Pick out and enlist the positive and negative qualities in respective columns from the extract: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Positive qualities	Negative qualities
1. walk with the kings	lose the connect with common man
2. treat all people equally	differentiate people unfairly

Activities based on Poetic Devices:

Question 1.
Write down all musical pairs from the extract and add your own rhyming word for each of them.
Answer:

Musical pairs	Added rhyming word
you  – too	two
waiting – hating	rating
lies – wise	prize
master – disaster	monster
aim – same	claim
spoken – broken	grown
fools – tools	wools

Question 2.
Name the figures of speech:
Answer:
1. If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you. – Antithesis
2. Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it. – Tautology

Question 3.
Find and write the rhyming pairs from the extract and add your own rhyming word for each of them
Answer:

Rhyming pairs	Added rhyming word
1. virtue – you	too
2. touch – much	such
3. minute- it	wit
4. run – son	fun

Appreciation of Poem:

1. Title: The title of the poem is ‘If’.
2. Poet: The poet of this poem is Rudyard Kipling.
3. Rhyme scheme: The rhyme scheme for the ; first stanza is ‘aaaa’. All the other five stanzas have the rhyme scheme ‘abab’.
4. Figure of speech (Any 1): Antithesis, Tautology, Personification anaphora.
5. Theme / Central Idea: The central idea of the poem is certain valuable pieces of advice ; imparted by a father to his son.

Several of the lines in the poem begin with the conjunction ‘if’. ; (The very title of the poem is ‘If’.) The theme j running through the poem is that ‘if the son ; fulfils certain conditions, he can be rest assured of certain favourable results’. Both the conditions and the results have a direct bearing upon the lives of all young people.

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Digest Answers Pdf Unit 3

• If … Class 10 English Solutions
• A Lesson in Life from a Beggar Class 10 English Solutions
• Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Class 10 English Solutions
• Let us March! Class 10 English Solutions
• The Alchemy of Nature Class 10 English Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 3.3 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.3 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 3.3 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

Share this chat with your classmate:

Question 1.
Where did you go for a picnic recently?
Answer:
Recently I went to Mahabaleshwar.

Question 2.
Who all accompanied you?
Answer:
My family members accompanied me.

Question 3.
Why did you select that picnic spot?
Answer:
It is very close to Mumbai. We could enjoy the scenic beauty, invigorating and refreshing climate so we selected that picnic spot.

Question 4.
What games/food/sights did you enjoy there?
Answer:
We enjoyed Antakshari on the way. We also enjoyed veg, non-veg food. We visited different points, Venna lake, Panchgani and Pratapgarh.

Question 5.
What did you feel when it was time to return home?
Answer:
The memories of our pleasant picnic were unforgettable. The picnic was a nice change in our dull routine life. We returned home happily with refreshed minds.
(Note: Students may share their own experience with classmates based on the above guidelines.)

1. Look at the picture given on textbook page 101 and frame questions:

Question 1.
Look at the picture given on textbook page 101 and frame questions:

(a) Where are the trekkers trekking?
(b) …………………………………………… .
(c) …………………………………………… .
(d) …………………………………………… .
(e) …………………………………………… .
Answer:
(a) Where are the trekkers trekking?
(b) Which season is it?
(c) What equipment do you think they are carrying?
(d) In which region of India do you find such trekkers?
(e) What is the role of mountaineers in such trekking?

2. Form group of 4 to 6 students. Every student should close his/her eyes. As the group leader reads aloud the following lines, the students try to create a picture in his/her mind. Later, each one gives a heading for each description.

Question (a)
Bright blue sky – soft white clouds sweeping by tiny specks of birds flying high – sun playing hide and seek behind the clouds.
Heading: ………………………….. .
Answer:
Heading: The Enchanting Beauty of the Sky.

Question (b)
Miles of smooth barren land – sparkling sand stretched till the horizon, in wave – like forms – thorny, cacti propping here and there – an occasional cluster of palms provide a shady spot – a carvan of camels moving in a line in the distance.
Heading: ………………………….. .
Answer:
Heading: Life in the Desert

Such a figurative description that creates mental pictures, in the mind of the reader/listener is called Imagery. It is a poetic device that enhances the poem.

Compose in your group, a four to six-line poem, which contains imagery.

(1) A host of golden daffodils,
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze,
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way.

(2) The night was black as ever,
but bright stars lit up the sky in beautiful and
varied constellation which were sprinkled
across the astronomical landscape.

English Workshop:

1. Put (✓) mark in front of True statement or (✗) mark in front of False statement:

Question 1.
Put (✓) mark in front of True statement or (✗) mark in front of False statement:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The speaker stops to watch rain falling among the trees. (✗)
2. The owner of the woods is known to the speaker. (✓)
3. The horse is worried about the cold and wants to keep going. (✗)
4. The speaker doesn’t emphasize upon the beauty of woods he is passing through. (✗)

2. Find outline/lines from the poem as a proof for the following explanation:

Question (a)
There is no one to catch the speaker trespassing.
Answer:
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.

Question (b)
The little horse draws his master’s attention.
Answer:
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.

Question (c)
His horse seems anxious to keep going.
Answer:
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near.

Question (d)
The speaker prefers to stay but is forced to move onwards.
Answer:
But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep ….

Question (e)
The poem is set in bygone era.
Answer:
He gives his harness bells a shake. Shows that the poem is set in the bygone era.

3. The poem is believed to have a reference to the poet’s life itself. What could the following signify? Choose from the brackets below:

Question 1.
The poem is believed to have a reference to the poet’s life itself. What could the following signify? Choose from the brackets below: (duties and responsibilities/old age/life/death/ everlasting peace)
Answer:

1. The speaker’s journey – life
2. Snowy Evening – old age
3. Lovely, deep, dark woods – everlasting peace
4. Promises – duties and responsibilities
5. Sleep – death

4. Tell whether the rhyming scheme of the following stanzas is right or wrong. Give the correct rhyme scheme for the wrong one:

Question 1.
Tell whether the rhyming scheme of the following stanzas is right or wrong. Give the correct rhyme scheme for the wrong one:
Answer:

1. stanza 1 – aaba : right
2. stanza 2 – bbcb : wrong – it is ‘aaba’
3. stanza 3 – ccdc : wrong – it is ‘aaba’
4. stanza 4 – dded : wrong – it is aaaa’

5. Give your own rhyming words for the following: (Answers are directly given.)

Question 1.
Give your own rhyming words for the following: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. house – spouse
2. woods – goods
3. easy – busy
4. wind – skinned
5. dark – bark
6. watch – botch

6. Match the lines of the poem with their figures of speech:

Question 1.
Match the lines of the poem with their figures of speech:

Answer:

1. Whose woods these are I think I know – Inversion
2. The woods are lovely, dark and deep – Alliteration
3. And miles to go before I sleep
   And miles to go before I sleep. – Repititon
4. My little horse must think it queer – personification

7. Match the words given in Group A with their meanings in Group B:

Question 1.
Match the words given in Group A with their meanings in Group B:

Answer:

1. mistake – error
2. downy flakes – soft snow falling
3. woods – jungle
4. queer – strange

8. Complete the following web-diagrams by adding suitable describing words in the boxes.

Question 1.
Complete the following web-diagrams by adding suitable describing words in the boxes. (Answers are directly given.)

Answer:

9. Pick out lines from the poem that contain imagery. Write them in your notebook.

Question 1.
Pick out lines from the poem that contain imagery. Write them in your notebook.

10. Prepare a set of questions to interview:

Question (a)
a person who has just returned from a trek in the woods:
Answer:

1. Welcome back, how did you feel when you visited the woods?
2. What was the purpose of your visit?
3. Did you take any precautions while roaming in the woods?
4. Which strange or rare things did you find in the woods?
5. Did you come across any wild animals ? What was your feeling then?
6. How did you manage to get your food, water and other essential things ?
7. What difference did you find in the woods and the place where you live?
8. Were you able to fulfil your expectations from this visit?
9. What should be your role to conserve the woods?
10. Would you like to suggest the youngsters to undertake such expeditions? Why?

Question (b)
a person who has recently scaled Mt. Everest:
Answer:

1. Welcome back, What preparations did you make before the climb?
2. What did you do to stay fit when you were at the base?
3. What did you do to make your climb interesting?
4. What food did you take along with you while climbing?
5. What was the purpose of your adventure?
6. How did you face difficulties on the way to the top?
7. What is the memorable moment of your ascent?
8. What was the hardest adjustment you had to make during the ascent?
9. What were your feelings when you scaled the peak?
10. What message would you give to the youngsters?

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 3.3 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The speaker stops in the woods.
2. Winter season of the year is described in the poem.
3. The day described in the poem is evening.
4. The speaker is riding on his little horse.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
(Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

1. The person who owns the woods lives in the village.
2. The speaker stopped his horse at a place between the frozen lake and the woods.
3. The speaker was really captivated by the lovely, dark and deep woods.
4. The little horse gives a shake to its harness bells attached to its neck.

Question 3.
List the sounds mentioned in the poem.
Answer:
harness bells, sound of wind, sound of soft feathers like snow flakes falling.

Question 4.
On what date every year is the darkest evening?
Answer:
On 21st December.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Why does the traveller have to leave the lovely woods?
Answer:
The traveller is really captivated by the lovely woods. He is supposed to discharge his duties on time. He promises himself to keep his word. So he has to leave the lovely woods to keep his word.

Language Study:

Question 1.
Write your own lines using the words given below: (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) village: Life in my village, I long to live.
(b) wind: Wind was twisting the heads of trees.
(c) frozen: With frozen heart I stared at the remains of my dear friend.
(d) promise: Let every day of yours dawn, with the promises of new light.

Appreciation of the poem:

1. Title : The title of the poem ‘Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’.
2. Poet: The poet of this poem is Robert (Lee) Frost.
3. Rhyme scheme: The rhyme scheme of the first three stanzas is ‘aaba’. The final stanza has a uniform rhyme of ‘aaaa’.
4. Figure of speech (any 1): Inversion, alliteration
5. Theme / Central Idea: The theme of the poem is that a traveller on horseback stops by a little forest on a winter evening.

The little forest in the speaker’s own words, is lovely, dark and deep. Though he is greatly fascinated by the scene, the call of duty urges him to move on. He reminds himself that he must discharge his duties before it is too late.

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Digest Answers Pdf Unit 3

• If … Class 10 English Solutions
• A Lesson in Life from a Beggar Class 10 English Solutions
• Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Class 10 English Solutions
• Let us March! Class 10 English Solutions
• The Alchemy of Nature Class 10 English Solutions

Class 10 English Chapter 4.4 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:
Chit-Chat

1. Discuss in your class.

Question 1.
Indian women who have made it to International Levels in sports and games. Discuss the following points about each of them.
Answer:
(a) Name of the sportsperson. – Lauta Shivaji Babar
(b) Sport or Game-Long distance running.
(c) Level reached-World championship, Olympic Games.
(d) Outstanding achievem ents-Sportsperson of the Year Award 2015.
(e) Awards/Prizes/Titles-Arjuna Award by Government of India.
Indian Sports Award by FICCI and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

1. Fill in the Table:

Question 1.
Fill in the Table: (Answers are directly given.)

Answer:

Name of Sport/Game	Place where played	Individual or Team Event	Sports Equipment
1. Boxing	Ring	Individual	Boxing gloves
2. Shooting	Shooting range	Individual	Rifle, shooting stand
3. Hockey	Ground	Team	Hockey stick and ball
4. Football	Ground	Team	Football, Net
5. Badminton	Court	Individual/Pair	Racket and Shuttlecock
6. Kabaddi	Ground	Team

Question 2.
Complete the interview with an imaginary captain of Ladies Cricket Team of your Town/City/State. Conclude with a farewell message.
Answer:

Interview

Interviewer – J. Prasad (J. P.)
Captain – Vijetha Bhide (V. B.)

• J.P.: Good Morning. We are simply privileged and delighted to have the presence of the Captain j of our State Women’s Cricket Team, which won the final of the Inter State series in Mumbai, last week. Hello Vijetha, welcome to our show.
• V.B.: Thank you for inviting me. I am really grateful to the Government of Maharastra for recognizing my services to state women’s cricket team.
• J.P.: That’s great. You have shown your talent and performance in this Inter State series in Mumbai.
• V.B.: That’s right. The girls gave commendable performances, so the credit goes to the whole team.
• J.P.: Your individual performance was also great. It was a great feat for you.
• V.B.: Thank you. 48 runs in 40 balls is quite good and helping score for the team. Anjali co-ordinated well with me and so it was easy to reach the score.
• J.P.: Do you think regular practice is needed at the domestic level?
• V.B.: Yes, of course! More importantly there is huge need for more tournaments at the domestic level so that the girls can intermingle with the different talents in cricket.
• J.P.: Absolutely right. It gives confidence to girls. Do you think, the coach plays important role in your success? What is your opinion?
• V.B.: You are right. Without a coach how can we develop our game? He guides us at every stage and so we have reached up to this level.
• J.P.: What will be your next move and dream?
• V.B.: Now we will practise for the National level tournaments. And I think the girls have that calibre to pull off some trophies at the National level.
• J.P.: That’s really great. Wish you all the best for your future cricketing career.
• V.B.: Thanks a lot!

English Workshop:

1. Choose the correct alternatives:

Question (a)
What kind of text is it?
(i) story
(ii) speech
(iii) interview
(iv) essay
Answer:
(iii) interview

Question (b)
Which State does Mary Kom belong to?
(i) Maharashtra
(ii) Tamil Nadu
(iii) Kerala
(iv) Manipur
Answer:
(iv) Manipur

Question (c)
Who inspired Mary Kom and other youngsters in Manipur to choose boxing as a career?
(i) Dingko Singh
(ii) Charles Atkinson
(iii) Mangte Tanpa Kom
(iv) Adams
Answer:
(i) Dingko Singh

Question (d)
When did Mary Kom start her career?
(i) 2012
(ii) 2000
(iii) 2001
Answer:
(ii) 2000

2. Go through the text again and find out the name of cities and their importance in Mary Kom’s life. One is given for you. 

Question 1.
Go through the text again and find out the name of cities and their importance in Mary Kom’s life. One is given for you. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:
(a) Kangthei – Mary Korn’s birth place.
(b) West-Bengal – Regional championship
(c) Pune – Preparation for the Olympics with male boxers.
(d) Manipur – State women’s boxing championship.

3. Write down the full forms of-

Question 1.
Write down the full forms of-
Answer:
(a) OGQ – Olympic Gold Quest
(b) IBN – Indian Broadcasting Network
(c) MTV – Music Television
(d) YPA – Yearly Plan of Action
(e) AIBA – The Amateur International Boxing Association.
(f) CNN – Cable News Network

4. Write the Factfile of Mary Kom, in your notebook.

Question 1.
Write the Factfile of Mary Kom, in your notebook.
Answer:
(a) Full Name – Mary Mangte Kom
(b) Native of – Kangthei village, Moirang Lamkhai in Churachandpur district of rural Manipur in eastern India.

(c) Early life and interests – Grown in humble surroundings of tenant farmers and helping her parents in farm related chores. She was interested in athletics initially and later turned to boxing.

(d) Special sports taken up – Boxing was her main sport.

(e) Inspired by – Dingko Singh who returned from Bangkok Asian games with a gold medal.

(f) Coach – Charles Atkinson.

(g) Early achievements:
1. Victory in the Manipur State Women’s Boxing Championship and the Regional Championship in West Bengal.
2. International debut at the first AIBA Women’s World Boxing Championship in United States.

(h) International achievement:
1. Five times World Boxing Champion and the only boxer to win a medal in every one of the six World Championships.
2. In 2012 Olympics she won a Bronze medal.

(i) Her passion – To make boxing popular among all Indians, especially women and girls.

(j) Future plan – To coach Indian women in boxing in future.

5. Glance through the text and find the special qualities of Mary Kom. Complete the web by putting different qualities of Mary Kom in the boxes: (Answers are directly given.)

Question 1.
Glance through the text and find the special qualities of Mary Kom. Complete the web by putting different qualities of Mary Kom in the boxes: (Answers are directly given.)

Answer:

6. ‘Super mom’ refers to an excellent mother. Give three reasons why ‘super’ has been added to the word ‘mom’ as in the title?

Question 1.
‘Super mom’ refers to an excellent mother. Give three reasons why ‘super’ has been added to the word ‘mom’ as in the title?
1. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
Answer:
1. It is quite difficult to balance home and profession and she has managed it like an outstanding woman.
2. Even though she is a successful sportswoman she gives more importance to her family so she has that super understanding.
3. Though a mother, she is an exceptional woman in Indian society to go out and make boxing a career. So she is a super mother.

7. Answer in your own words.

Question (a)
What makes the writer call Mary Kom ‘a legend’?
Answer:
A legend is a famous person, icon or superstar in a particular field. Mary Kom is a famous woman as an Indian boxer. The field is male dominated, but with her efforts and determination she earned name and fame, so in real sense she is a legend not only to the writer but also to all Indians and a real ‘torch-bearer’ for Indian women.

Question (b)
What prime quality did Mary Kom display during her first attempt in Olympic Games? What was her bad luck?
Answer:
Mary practised for Olympics with the male boxers. Her coach was not allowed to accompany her but she went on with confidence, because she had done her homework and was well prepared with her coach. She could play with good tactical knowledge. In semi-finals she was fighting against Adams, a clever counter puncher but Mary was scoring well, but the judges were not pressing the buttons and favouring her rival. So it was her bad luck that she lost in the semi-finals.

Question (c)
What does Mary Kom suggest, for India to win more Olympic Gold Medals?

8. Fill in the flow chart after rearranging the facts below in their proper order, as per the text:

Question 1.
Fill in the flow chart after rearranging the facts below in their proper order, as per the text:
(a) Mary Kom made her first appearance at international level.
(b) She sparred with male boxers in Pune.
(c) Mary Kom won the Manipur State Women’s Boxing Championship.
(d) She won a bronze medal in the 2012 Olympics.
(e) Mary Kom decided to take up boxing.

Answer:

9. Make sentences of your own using the following words:

Question (a)
debut:
Answer:
Sonu Nigam made his singing debut at a very early age.

Question (b)
elation:
Answer:
My father is a man who seldom gives away to elation of mind.

Question (c)
sponsor:
Answer:
The sports events of the club were sponsored by Seth Narayandas Zaveri.

Question (d)
reinforced:
Answer:
The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching.

Question (e)
humble surroundings:
Answer:
Many people in India live in humble surroundings.

10. Find antonyms of the following words from the text:

Question 1.
Find antonyms of the following words from the text:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. arrogant × humble
2. disqualify × qualify
3. finally × initially

11. Imagine that you are the Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below:

Question 1.
Imagine that you are the Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below:
(a) Early Life
(b) Interest in this field
(c) Inspiration
(d) Coaching and guidance
(e) Achievement/Records
(f) Future plans
(g) Advice to youngsters
Answer:
Interview Questions to be asked to the cricketer:

1. Was it your passion to become a cricketer from your childhood?
2. Who inspired you to become a cricketer?
3. Did your parents help you in your decision? What was their role?
4. What are some of your superstitions before going in to bat?
5. Who is your idol in other games other than cricket?
6. In whose bowling did you score the most runs?
7. If you were not a cricketer what would you be then?
8. What are your future plans?
9. What message would you like to give to the young generation?
10. What is your best achievement till today?

12. Imagine that you are Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below.

Question 1.
Imagine that you are Captain of your team. A famous cricketer is going to visit your school. You are assigned the task to conduct an interview of that famous cricketer. Frame a set of 10 questions that you will ask the cricketer. Take help of the points given below.
(a) Early Life
(b) Training
(c) Achievement
(d) Future plans
Answer:
Mary Kom is a sportswoman who has made India proud with her glorious achievements as a boxer. Basically from Manipur, India, she was the eldest of four siblings and had to work hard from young age to support her family. She took care of her younger siblings and worked in the field with her parents to help them. She is the only Indian woman boxer to have qualified for the 2012 summer Olympics where she won a Bronze Medal.

She is also the first Indian woman boxer to get a Gold medal in Asian games and Commonwealth Games. She was trained by Charles Atkinson. Mary set a new standard in amateur boxing without ever competing in professional boxing. The AIBA awarded Mary Kom with the first AIBA Legends Award for promising boxing career. She is also the recipient of Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri and Arjuna Award for her tremendous achievement in Boxing. She is a legend for Indian women.

13. ‘What Men can do, Women can do better’. Divide your class in 2 groups. Let one group offer points ‘For the topic’ and the other, ‘against the topic’ given above. Note down the points in your notebooks, expand the points in two separate paragraphs of about 15 to 20 lines each. Suggest suitable titles for each:

Question 1.
‘What Men can do, Women can do better’. Divide your class in 2 groups. Let one group offer points ‘For the topic’ and the other, ‘against the topic’ given above. Note down the points in your notebooks, expand the points in two separate paragraphs of about 15 to 20 lines each. Suggest suitable titles for each:
Answer:
Two beautiful Creations of God-Men and Women

For the topic

Men cannot look after their family well compared : to women. It is still believed that men are supposed to be the bread winners and be able to support their wives and children. But now a days many women do this work very easily. Women have proved that they can do anything if given a chance. Now they have started working in Army with men.

In politics, they have proved that they can work better than men. Games like cricket, football, wrestling were the monopoly of men but now by entering in these fields they are proving they can do anything better than men. In astronomy, medicines, teaching they are in the forefront. It is important to remember that differences between men and women do not mean that one gender is less important than the other.

Against the topic

Being raised in a socially conscious environment, we believe men and women are generally equal and should be treated as such. But there are certain fields in which women can’t work as they do not possess the physical strength to work in adverse conditions like protecting our borders. They are rarely found as coal miners. Women cannot climb electricity poles and work on power transformers. They cannot fight in wars or battles. They are not found in off-shore oil drilling platforms.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 4.4 Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Name the following:

1. The warrior mentioned in the passage –
2. Native place of Mary Kom –
3. Mary Korn’s parents –
4. The sportsperson who won gold medal in Asian games –

Answer:

1. Mary Mangte Kom
2. Kangthei village, Moirang Lamkhai in Churachandpur district of rural Manipur in eastern India.
3. Mangte Tonpa Kom and Mangte Akham Kom.
4. Dingko Singh.

Complete the sentences:

Question 1.
Complete the sentences:

1. Kom grew up in
2. She came from a
3. She had an eager interest in
4. Mary Korn’s career started in

Answer:

1. Kom grew up in humble surroundings.
2. She came from a poor family.
3. She had an eager interest in athletics.
4. Mary Korn’s career started in 2000.

Question 2.
Answer in one-two words:
Answer:

1. Coach -Charles Atkinson
2. Interviewer – Sportskeeda correspondent Taru- kal Srivastava
3. Place of Training – Pune
4. Total medals won in 2012 Olympics by India – 6

Question 3.
State whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements:
Answer:

1. Mary Korn’s coach was allowed to accompany her during her preparation for Olympics – Disagree
2. Mary practised with male boxers in Pune – Agree
3. Mary is the first Indian female boxer to win an Olympics medal for India – Agree
4. Dodgy judging was not at all the part of the reason for her loss in the semi-finals. – Disagree

Question 4.
Complete the following web chart. (Answers are directly given.)
Answer:

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
What did Mary Kom prefer being called?
(i) Super mom
(ii) Super woman
(iii) Super being
(iv) Super Boxer
Answer:
(i) Super mom

Question 2.
What would be a key factor in your conditioning for the Olympics?
(i) saturated fats
(ii) diet and nutrition
(iii) trophies and medals
Answer:
(ii) Diet and nutrition

Question 3.
Which traditional feminine activity is mentioned in the extract?
(i) washing
(ii) dusting
(iii) cooking
Answer:
(iii) cooking

Question 4.
Which award did Mary receive in 2009?
(i) Sahara Sports Award
(ii) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
(iii) Arjuna Award
Answer:
(ii) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Mary Korn’s exceptional achievement is she is famed as a five times world Boxing Champion and the only boxer to win a medal in every one of the six world championships.
2. Mary Korn’s parents made their living by working as tenant farmers in jhum fields.

Question 2.
What has added to Mary Kom’s greatness as a boxing champion?
Answer:
Mary Kom made her debut at the first AIBA Women’s World Boxing Championship in United States and won silver medal in the 48 kg weight category. Her greatness is strengthened by the way she apologized to the whole nation for not being able to win the Gold Medal. It has added to Mary Kom’s greatness as a boxing champion.

Question 3.
How did Mary spend her childhood?
Answer:
Mary grew up in humble surroundings. She used to help her parents with farm related chores. She used to learn athletics initially and later boxing simultaneously. She had an eager interest in athletics since childhood.

Question 4.
Complete the following web:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 5.
What failed to pressurize Mary Kom during the Olympics?
Answer:
She was the only female representative from India and her coach Charles Atkinson was not allowed to accompany her to the Olympics failed to pressurize Mary Kom during the Olympics.

Question 6.
What can help Indian sportsmen to win more Olympic medals?
Answer:
More corporates should come in and sponsor players, so that the players don’t have to face financial pressure and can just focus on their game. More and more people should take up sports as a full-time career if we want to win more gold medals. This can help Indian sportsmen to win more Olympic medals.

Question 7.
What did OGQ do for Mary Kom?
Answer:
OGQ played a big role in shaping the boxing scene in India. OGQ really played an important part in Mary’s success. They helped her out whenever she needed something. They took care of everything Which helped her focus on her boxing and kept her stress-free.

Question 8.
What is Mary’s opinion about future of Indian boxing?
Answer:
According to Mary Kom the future of Indian boxing is bright. She is also sure that many boxers would win medals for India.

Question 9.
How did Mary Kom increase her weight?
Answer:
According to Mary diet and nutrition must be the key factor in conditioning body, but that is a neglected area in Indian sports. She had to focus on what to eat. When she started diet and nutritions, she put on her weight by 3 kg. And she could compete in 51 kg event instead of usual 48 kg.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give one word for the following explanation:
Answer:

1. The first public appearance – debut
2. One who makes history – legend
3. Farming, shifting cultivation – Jhum
4. Successful ending of a struggle or contest – victory

Question 2.
Find the full form of:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
U.S. – United States

Use the following words in your own sentences:

Question 1.
legend:
Answer:
Lata is a legend in her own lifetime.

Find out antonyms of the following words from the text:

Question 1.
Find out antonyms of the following words from the text:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. failure × success
2. rich × poor
3. died × born
4. urban × rural
5. defeat × victory

Question 2.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of:
Answer:
1. birth – born
2. qualification – qualify

Question 3.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of:
1. succeed
2. prepare
Answer:
1. succeed – success
2. prepare – preparation

Question 4.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of:
1. dodge
2. tactic
Answer:
1. dodge – dodgy
2. tactic – tactical

Find out opposite words for the following from the passage.

Question 1.
Find out opposite words for the following from the passage.
Answer:

1. hated × adored/admired
2. fair × unfair
3. inclusive × exclusive
4. losing × winning

Pick out from the passage the verb forms of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of the following:
Answer:

1. company – accompany
2. practice – practise
3. decision – decide
4. requirement – require

Pick out the noun forms of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out the noun forms of the following:
Answer:

1. add – addition
2. achieve – achievement
3. represent – representative
4. change – change

Pick out the adjective form of the following:

Question 1.
Pick out the adjective form of the following:
Answer:

1. finance – financial
2. confidence – confident
3. favour – favourite
4. proportion. – proportionate

Question 2.
Write down the full forms of –
Answer:

1. OGQ – Olympic Gold Quest
2. CNN – Cable News Network
3. IBN – Indian Broadcasting Network
4. MTV – Music Television
5. YPA – Yearly Plan of Action

Question 3.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of.
Answer:

1. nutrition – nutritional
2. female – feminine
3. tradition – traditional
4. saturate – saturated
5. addition – additional

Question 4.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of. (Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

1. competition – compete
2. negligence – neglect
3. cooking – cook
4. preference – prefer

Question 5.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of.
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. aware – awareness
2. require – requirement

Question 6.
Pick out from the passage the adjective forms of.
Answer:

1. nutrition – nutritional
2. female – feminine
3. tradition – traditional
4. saturate – saturated
5. addition – additional

Question 7.
Pick out from the passage the verb forms of. (Answers are directly given and underlined)
Answer:

1. competition – compete
2. negligence – neglect
3. cooking – cook
4. preference – prefer

Question 8.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of.
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. aware – awareness
2. require – requirement

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Choose the tail tags given in the brackets and complete the following sentences:
(isn’t she?, hadn’t he?, wasn’t he?, weren’t they?) (Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Her father was a keen wrestler in his younger age; wasn’t he?
2. Dingko Singh had inspired many youngsters in Manipur, hadn’t he?
3. Her parents were tenant farmers in jhum fields, weren’t they?
4. She is famed as a five times World Boxing Champion, isn’t she?

Question 2.
Underline the subordinate clause in the given sentence and state its kind.
Enough has been said about this great warrior, who conquered the world.
Answer:
Enough has been said about this great warrior who conquered the world – Adjective clause.

Question 3.
Identify the tense:

1. Sometimes it becomes really difficult to keep them under control.
2. They took care of everything.
3. In a few years boxing will be very popular among everyone in India.
4. You have broken several stereotypes about the women in India.

Answer:

1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Past Tense
3. Simple Future Tense
4. Present Perfect Tense.

Pick out the subordinate clause and state its kind:

Question 1.
Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Answer:
Subordinate clause – (that) nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Kind-Noun clause.

Question 2.
Identify the tense:

1. Sometimes it becomes really difficult to keep them under control.
2. They took care of everything.
3. In a few years boxing will be very popular among everyone in India.
4. You have several stereotypes about the women in India.

Answer:

1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Past Tense
3. Simple Future Tense
4. Present Perfect Tense.

Pick out the subordinate clause and state its kind:

Question 1.
Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Answer:
Subordinate clause – (that) nutrition is a neglected area in Indian sports?
Kind-Noun clause.

Question 2.
That’s the best thing, that has happened to me
Answer:
Subordinate clause – that has happened to me.
Kind-Adjective clause.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
She came from a poor family.
(Rewrite as a negative sentence without changing its meaning.)
Answer:
She didn’t come from a rich family.

Question 2.
Her father was a keen wrestler.
(Rewrite the sentence in simple present tense.)
Answer:
Her father is a keen wrestler.

Question 3.
Charles Atkinson was not allowed to accompany Mary to the Olympics.
Answer:
Charles Atkinson was prevented from accompanying Mary to the Olympics.

Question 4.
Mary was the only female representative from India in boxing. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
No other female representative except Mary represented India in boxing.

Question 5.
Some of the decisions were unfortunate. (Make it negative.)
Answer:
Some of the decisions were not fortunate.

Question 6.
Some of the decisions did not work to my benefit. (Make it Affirmative.)
Answer:
Some of the decisions hardly worked to my benefit.

Underline the subordinate clause and state its kind: (Subordinate clauses are directly underlined.)

Question 1.
Underline the subordinate clause and state its kind:
(Subordinate clauses are directly underlined.)
Answer:
1. The male boxers were kind enough to practise with me, whenever I required them.
Kind: Adverb clause of time
2. I think more and more people should take up sports as a full-time career.
Kind: Noun clause.
3. India managed just 6 medals in the 2012 Olympics, even though we are a nation of 1.3 billion people.
Kind: Adverb clause of contrast/condition.

Question 2.
Complete the words by using correct letters:
Answer:

1. b o _ e r – boxer
2. t r _ i n – train
3. sp_rts – sports
4. f i _ h t – fight

Question 3.
Put the words in alphabetical order:
1. boxing, elation, success, change
2. awareness, award, already, achievement
Answer:
1. boxing, change, elation, success
2. achievement, already, award, awareness

Question 4.
Punctuate the following sentences:
1. mary said trained hard in pune and the male boxers were kind enough to practise with me whenever required them
2. interviewer asked mary kom what do you prefer being called super mom or super boxer
Answer:
1. Mary said, “I trained hard in Pune and the male boxers were kind enough to practise with me whenever I required them.”
2. Interviewer asked Mary Kom, “What do you prefer being called-Super Mom or Super Boxer?”

Question 5.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the word: ‘representative’
Answer:

1. present
2. native
3. rent
4. rate

Question 6.
Write related words as shown in the example: (Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 7.
Complete the word-chain of verbs. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word.
start, → t…………., …………., …………., ………….
Answer:
start, → treat, take, enter, redress.

1. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence by using the phrase ‘to be successful.’ :
Ans.
Hardwork and perseverance are the key ; components to be successful in life.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to the sentence to expand it meaningfully:
This is our world
Ans.
This is our world where we can get strange experiences.

2. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Add prefix or suffix to make new words:
1. amaze
2. educate
Answer:
1. amaze – amazing
2. educate – educated, education

OR

Question (b)
Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. amaze
2. educate
Answer:
1. I was amazed at her general knowledge.
2. It is the duty of our government to educate every child of our country.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe your favourite sportswoman.
Answer:
Saina Nehwal is my favorite sports woman. She is the ace badminton player representing India. She started playing badminton at a tender age of eight. She was trained by Nani Prasad and was under strict fitness regime prepared by her trainer. She proved her mettle in 2006 when she became under-19 National Champion in badminton. She is one of the athletes supported by ‘Olympic Gold Quest’-a foundation that supports athletes, who have potential to win Olympic gold.

Question 2.
Do you like games? Why?
Answer:
Yes. I like games because it makes me active and energetic. It builds my mental and physical power. It develops my concentration. Overall, it develops my personality so I play different games.

Question 3.
Do you think financial support is very necessary for the sportsmen? Why?
Answer:
The sportsmen whose financial condition is not good cannot afford proper diet due to lack of money. They can neither buy sports material necessary for them nor participate in some important events due to shortage of money. If they get good financial support, they can get training from a good coach to improve their game. So it is very necessary for them to get financial support.

Question 4.
Name some sportswomen you know:
Answer:

1. Saina Nehwal
2. P.V. Sindhu
3. Mithali Raj
4. Geeta Phogat
5. Sania Mirza
6. Anjali Bhagwat

Question 5.
What is Mary Kom more proud of being a boxer or a mother?
Answer:
It is well said, ‘The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.’ She is more proud of being a mother because she knows with her hands she can make lives of her kids. Mother is next to God-in fact a visible God, so even on the ground she thinks about her children. Children are the first priority in her life, because she has to nurture her children and bring them up with love and care.

My English Coursebook 10th Class Solutions Pdf Unit 4

• The World is Mine Class 10 English Solutions
• Bholi Class 10 English Solutions
• O Captain! My Captain! Class 10 English Solutions
• Unbeatable Super Mom – Mary Kom Class 10 English Solutions
• Joan of Arc Class 10 English Solutions
• A Brave Heart Dedicated to Science and Humanity Class 10 English Solutions