Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 3.2 Seven Sisters Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 3.2 Seven Sisters

Class 6 English Chapter 3.2 Seven Sisters Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Present any one of the speeches given above.

Question 1.
Present any one of the speeches given above.

2. Choose any one of the Seven States. Find more information about it and prepare a leaflet or brochure to invite people to visit it. 

Question 1.
Choose any one of the Seven States. Find more information about it and prepare a leaflet or brochure to invite people to visit it.
Answer:
Arunachal Pradesh
Neolithic tools found in Arunachal Pradesh indicate that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least eleven thousand years. Arunachal Pradesh is the largest among the north-eastern states in terms of land area, even larger than Assam. It had the maximum number of regional languages in India.

English is used as the official language. Itanagar is the capital city of the state of Arunachal Pradesh. The majority of people of Arunachal Pradesh are of Tibet-Burman origin. Losar, Dree, Solung and Reh are the major festivals in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

3. From the passage, find and write any two examples of the following.

Question a.
Use of the verb ‘be’ (am, is, are, etc.) as the main verb.
Answer:

• I am a nature lovers’ heaven.
• My people are simple and hospitable.

Question b.
Sentences containing ‘must’; ‘can’.
Answer:
Must:

1. You must make it a point to visit the 400-year-old Buddhist monastery at Tawang and enjoy cultural festivals at Ziro.
2. The natural beauty here is exquisite and must be seen to be believed!

Can:

1. You can enjoy the panoramic view of Bangladesh from here.
2. My capital is Imphal where you can see the cyclists’ velodrome.

Question c.
Sentences beginning with ‘Don’t’.
Answer:

• Don’t miss the Namdapha Tiger Project.
• Don’t forget to visit the Ahom palaces.

4. Write a short speech for the state of Maharashtra.

Question 1.
Write a short speech for the state of Maharashtra.

I am a state in the western region of India and am the second-most populous state of the world. I have more than 110 million inhabitants and my capital Mumbai has a population of approximately 18 million. Mumbai is the headquarters of all major banks, financial institutions, insurance companies and is also the financial and commercial capital of India.

I was formed on 1st May, 1960 which is celebrated as Maharashtra Day. My symbolic bird is the Yellow Footed Green Pigeon and animal is the Indian Giant Squirrel. My state is known for its mangoes. Maharashtra is symbolized by the traditional dance known as ‘Lavni’. The Rankala Lake in Kolhapur is considered to be the oldest of all lakes in my state.

Class 6 English Chapter 3.2 Seven Sisters Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
What is Arunachal Pradesh known as?
Answer:
Arunachal Pradesh is known as the ‘Land of the Rising Sun – the Land of the Dawn Lit Sun7.

Question 2.
What are the limestone caves known as?
Answer:
The limestone caves are known as ‘Tapenuru7.

Question 3.
What should one not miss when one visits Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer:
One should not miss the Namdapha Tiger Project when one visits Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 4.
What is Assam also known as?
Answer:
Assam is also known as Ahom.

Question 5.
Where does Assam lie?
Answer:
Assam lies between the beautiful valleys of the Brahmaputra and Barak rivers.

Question 6.
What is awesome to behold in Assam?
Answer:
The picturesque landscape of the golden- green rice fields and landscaped tea estates is awesome to behold in Assam.

Question 7.
Name Assam’s silk fabrics which the fashion world loves.
Answer:
‘Eri’, ‘Muga’ and ‘Pat’ are the names of the silk fabrics of Assam which are loved by the fashion world.

Question 8.
Name the major festival of Assam.
Answer:
Bihu is the major festival of Assam.

Question 9.
What is Shillong called? Why?
Answer:
Shillong is called ‘Scotland’ of the East’. It is so called because of its highlands, fog and scenery.

Question 10.
Which are the wettest places on the earth?
Answer:
Cherrapunji and Mausinram are the wettest places on the earth.

Question 11.
When is the Wangala festival celebrated?
Answer:
The Wangala festival is celebrated in autumn.

Question 12.
What are the nicknames of Manipur?
Answer:
The nicknames of Manipur are Kangleipak or Sanaleibak.

Question 13.
Which game did Manipur introduce to the Europeans?
Answer:
The game of ‘polo’ was introduced to the Europeans in Manipur.

Question 14.
What does Mizoram imply?
Answer:
Mizoram implies ‘land of the hill people’ referred to as the Kukis.

Question 15.
Why do we not have many tourists in Mizoram?
Answer:
We do not have many tourists in Mizoram because travelling in Mizoram is a little difficult.

Question 16.
How was the Palak Lake believed to be created?
Answer:
The Palak Lake is believed to be created as a result of an earthquake or a flood.

Question 17.
How is the terrain of Nagaland?
Answer:
The terrain of Nagaland is mostly mountainous.

Question 18.
What is Nagaland an ideal place for?
Answer:
Nagaland is an ideal place for trekking, rock climbing and jungle camping.

Question 19.
What is Nagaland known as?
Answer:
Nagaland is known as the ‘Falcon Capital of the World’.

Question 20.
What does ‘Tripura’ mean?
Answer:
Tripura means ‘three cities’. It also means ‘near water’.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Answer the following.

Question 1.
What is Nagaland also known as?
Answer:
Nagaland is also known as ‘Switzerland of the East’.

Question 2.
What makes Nagaland unimaginably beautiful?
Answer:
The exquisitely picturesque landscapes, the vibrantly colourful sunrise and sunset, lush and verdant flora make Nagaland unimaginably beautiful.

Question 3.
What is the capital of Nagaland?
Answer:
Kohima is the capital of Nagaland.

Question 4.
Which is the highest peak in Nagaland?
Answer:
The highest peak in Nagaland is Mount Saramati.

Question 5.
Who inhabits the exotic hill state, Nagaland?
Answer:
There are over 16 tribes and sub-tribes that inhabit the exotic hill state, Nagaland.

Question 6.
How are the Nagas by nature?
Answer:
Nagas are lovers of fun and frolic by nature.

Question 7.
From the extract, write two words that are combined together to form one word.
Answer:
Limitless, hombill, showcases.

Question 8.
There are over 16 tribes. (Change to simple past tense).
Answer:
There were over 16 tribes.

Question 9.
State the part of speech of the underlined words.
a. The exquisitely picturesque landscapes make my land unimaginably beautiful.
Answer:

• exquisitely, unimaginably – Adverb
• landscapes – Norm
• beautiful – Adjective

Question 10.
Write on the Art and Culture of Nagaland which you like the most.
Answer:
Nagaland is famous for the colourful and intricately designed costumes, jewellery and beads. Ethnic customs and traditions infusion with music and dance are what I like most about the art and culture of Nagaland.

Language Study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Assam tea is world famous! (State the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Exclamatory sentence

Question 2.
I have lovely mountains. (Name the part of speech of the underlined words)
Answer:

• lovely – Adjective
• mountains – Noun

Question 3.
I am home to a host of rare endemic plants. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
I am home to a host of rare endemic plants, aren’t I?

Question 4.
Come and visit me. (Make it negative)
Answer:
Don’t leave without visiting me.

Question 5.
We ……….. peaceful people. (Fill with the correct form of the verb ‘be’)
Answer:
We are peaceful people.

Question 6.
You come and stay with us. (Use the modal ‘must’ and rewrite.)
Answer:
You must come and stay with us.

Question 7.
Garia, Durga Puja, Buddha Poumima, Pous Sankranti, Kharchi, Bijhu, Christmas. (Arrange in alphabetical order)
Answer:
Bijhu, Buddha Pournima, Christmas, Durga Puja, Garia, Kharchi, Pous Sankranti

Question 8.
The folk dances of tribal people captivate the beholders. (Separate the Subject and Predicate)
Answer:
Subject: The folk dances of tribal people Predicate: captivate the beholders.

Question 9.
I am difficult for you to access. (Change into negative)
Answer:
I am not easy for you to access.

Question 10.
Don’t forget to visit the Ahom palaces. (Change into affirmative)
Answer:
Do remember to visit the Ahom palaces.

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Write an essay about the state you like most.
Kerala
In the 14th Century, the state of Kerala had become a linguistically distinct region. The Sanskrit epic, Aitareya Aranyaka was the first to mention Kerala in it.

The Malayalam language was developed as a language under the Chera Empire- II. Ever since the 8th century, trade was established in Kerala with the Arabs. In the year 1498, the Portuguese started trade with this state. This was followed by the Britishers and the Dutch, who commenced the trade in the 16th century.

Kerala is known to be the first literate state in India and the first state to implement land reform bills and education reform bills The state of Kerala has a lower birth rate as compared to the other states and has the least infant mortality rate along with the maximum life expectancy.

Kerala is known as the celestial land (God’s own country) for its natural beauty. Kerala is rich in cashew, coconut, arecanut, tapioca, banana, rice, ginger, pepper, vegetable plantations and sugarcane. It is truly a paradise on earth!!!

Seven Sisters Summary in English

1. Arunachal Pradesh: Arunachal Pradesh is also known as the ‘Land of the Rising Sun’. It is rich in fauna and flora. It is famous for its delicacy called ‘momos’, and the 400-year-old Buddhist monastery. It is India’s first orchid sanctuary.

2. Assam: Assam is also known as ‘Ahom.’ Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park are the World Heritage Sites. Assam is known for its tea plantations. Assam’s silk fabrics ‘Eri’, ‘Muga’ and ‘Pat’ are famous worldwide. Its major festival is Bihu and it has many beautiful Ahom palaces.

3. Meghalaya: Meghalaya is also called ‘Scotland of the East.’ Languages spoken there are English, Khasi, Pnar and Garo. It is rich in minerals such as coal, limestone, uranium and sillimanite. Cherrapunji/Mausinram, the wettest places on earth are located here. It comprises of the longest cave is called the Krem Liat Prah and the deepest cave called the Synrang Pamiang.

4. Manipur: Manipur is also known as ‘Kangleipak’ or ‘Sanaleibak’. Many people here speak Meetei/ Manipuri language. It has the Keibul Lamjao National Park consisting of endangered species of brow antlered deer. The ecosystem has 17 rare species of mammals and is the only floating national park of the world. The martial arts of Manipur, ‘Thang Ta’ and ‘Sarit Satak’ are worth witnessing.

5. Nagaland: Nagaland is also called the ‘Switzerland of the East’. Kohima is the capital of the mostly mountainous state. Mount Saramati is the highest peak with the height of 3,840 m orming a natural barrier between Nagaland and Burma. It is also known as the ’Falcon Capital of the World’, where the great Indian hornbill is also found.

6. Mizoram: Mizoram is also known as ‘Kukis’. Its capital is Aizawl. Palak Lake is the biggest in Mizoram and covers 30 hectares. Champhai is called ‘the fruit bowl’ of Mizoram. There are 6 wildlife sanctuaries and 2 national parks here, with ‘Mizo’ being the most widely used language.

7. Tripura: Tripura means ’3 cities’ and also means ‘near water’. Tripura has 3 distinct geographical zones. The chief rivers here are Gumti, Muhuri and Feni. Agartala is the capital of Tripura. It is famous for its eco-tourism and archaeological tourism. Here, people from all the states participate in festivals like Garia, Durga Puja, Buddha Purnima, Kharchi, Pous Sankranti, Bijhu or Christmas.

Introduction:

The lesson ‘SEVEN SISTERS’ is that which tells us about the seven Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura that lies in the north-east of India. Sikkim is a state similar to theirs but it lies further in the north-west of India and is called the only brother of the north eastern region. The ‘seven sister states’ is also called Paradise Unexplored. The lesson gives us an insight of the beauty of India with its various cultures, cuisines and traditions. The lesson makes us feel proud of our motherland, India.

Glossary:

1. distinctive (adj) – to distinguish between things
2. exotic (adj) – strikingly colourful or unusual
3. elegant (adj) – classy, graceful
4. picturesque (adj) – lovely, beautiful
5. exquisite (adj) – beautiful, delicate
6. overwhelmingly (adv) – very greatly or intensely
7. fascinating (adj) – attractive, captivating
8. panoramic (adj) – with a wide view
9. aromatic (adj) – fragrant, spicy
10. amazing (adj) – surprising, stunning
11. acclaimed (adj) – greatly praised, highly respected
12. graceful (adj) – elegant, stylish
13. serene (adj) – peaceful, calm
14. splendid (adj) – brilliant, excellent
15. vibrantly (adv) – lively, bright
16. unimaginably (adv) – difficult to imagine
17. verdant (adj) – green in colour, fresh
18. robust (adj) – strong, muscular
19. gorgeous (adj) – very beautiful
20. ecotourism (n) – tourism directed towards unspoilt natural environments and intended to support conservation
21. archaeological (adj) – science or research of archaeology
22. sanctuary (n) – a place of safety, refuge or protection

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 3.1 It Can Be Done Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 3.1 It Can Be Done

Class 6 English Chapter 3.1 It Can Be Done Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

Question a.
Who misses all the fun?
Answer:
The man who has a negative approach in trying out new things and says ‘it can’t be done’ is the man who misses all the fun.

Question b.
What does the title of the poem suggest?
Answer:
The title of the poem positively suggests that the things that we set our mind to complete can most definitely be done.

Question c.
What does the man who misses all the fun do?
Answer:
The man who misses all the fun wears an expression of solemn pride, remains away from other people and harshly criticizes any kind of new venture.

Question d.
What does ‘who misses all the fun’ mean?
Answer:
In the poem, this line refers to a person who likes to remain away from other people because of his solemn pride and is never ready to face any obstacle with a positive attitude of overcoming it.

Question e.
What would he do if he had the power in him?
Answer:
If he had the power in him, he would happily erase all the developments made by man and also the history of the human race.

Question f.
What examples of man’s progress have been given in the poem?
Answer:
The examples of man’s progress given in the poem are – radio, motor cars, street lights, telegraph and the telephone.

Question g.
What should human beings do to make progress?
Answer:
Human beings should have a positive outlook towards life which will help them overcome their difficulties and fears, and certainly help them to go ahead in the path of progress.

2. Form groups. List a few articles of everyday use. Discuss how they can be improved.

Question 1.
Form groups. List a few articles of everyday use. Discuss how they can be improved.
Answer:
1. Doorbell: The doorbell that everyone has in their homes can only be clearly heard in one room. In order to improve the doorbell, we can install the doorbell device in the other rooms too.

2. Mosquito racket: Mosquitoes are the worst nuisance for man. The rackets work pretty well, but it would be better if we had a bigger net to easily capture the sly mosquitoes.

3. Mobile phones: Even though the mobile phone is owned by almost everyone, its battery life is pretty less, so it would be feasible if the battery life sustains for a longer time.

3. Form pairs. Discuss and prepare a list of things which can be and will be done in future. (5 things) Spot the modal verbs in your answer. 

Question 1.
Form pairs. Discuss and prepare a list of things which can be and will be done in future. (5 things) Spot the modal verbs in your answer.
Answer:

1. The Leaning Tower of Pisa may be straightened.
2. Cars will be travelling through air rather than by road.
3. People might make trips to the moon for a vacation.
4. We could have floating homes on water.
5. People would be skating or cycling to their place of work.

The modal verbs in the above sentences are:

• may
• will
• might
• could
• would Let us do some more:

4. Complete the following sentences using your ideas. 
(a) I can …………….., (b) They can …………….., (c) We can ……………..

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences using your ideas. :
a. I can ……………..
b. They can ……………..
c. We can ……………..
Answer:
a. I can succeed.
b. They can overcome their fears.
c. We can conquer the world.

Class 6 English Chapter 3.1 It Can Be Done Important Questions and Answers

Reading Skills and Poetic Device

Read the following extract and complete the activities that follow:

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram with words from the extract:
Answer:

Question 2.
Explain: The man who misses all the fun. Is he who says, “It can’t be done.”
Answer:
The man who lacks courage to try out new things, and does not have positive attitude towards life is a man who misses all the fun and progress in life.

Question 3.
Pick out a word from the extract which means ‘an adventure’.
Answer:
venture

Question 4.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:

• fun – done
• aloof – reproof
• efface – race
• cars – stars
• telephone – stone
• run – done

Question 5.
What would you do to achieve success?
Answer:
I would try my very best in everything I do.
I would not be disheartened with failures, instead it would motivate me to strive harder. I would not shirk my responsibilities when faced with difficult situations but would try my level best to come out of it successfully.

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Write a paragraph on ‘Never Giving Up’.
Answer:
Always complete well whatever you have begun even if you come across difficulties. God has given us the capacity and the capability so we should use it to the fullest. Never let the word ‘cannot do’ come into your mind. Always be positive. The small spider in the story of ‘King Bruce’ shows us that if we keep trying, we will surely succeed. Remember, never give up easily, ‘Try, try till you succeed’.

Project Wheels:

Question 1.
Think carefully for a minute. Tag your memory and recall all the things/objects on which you have seen wheels. Write them down.
Answer:
Cycles, cars, trucks, trains, aeroplanes, carts, watches, toys, our National Flag, chair, table, trolley, skateboard, motorbike, bags, vacuum cleaner, baby carriage.

Question 2.
Now talk to your friend or elders; refer to books and read about all the objects in which wheels are used. List them (How many did you miss out on in your first list? Why?)
Answer:
Students should go through books and list down as many things they can find with wheels. (There was a time limit of one minute and so could not list down more.)

Question 3.
The wheel which was probably invented more than 6000 years ago is thought of as one of the greatest technological advances made by man. Why do you think the wheel is so important in human civilisation?
Answer:
Though the wheel was made during the Stone Age period, it was the beginning of a revolution. Wheels helped the early man to transport goods from one place to another and thus began trade. Wheels moved slowly at first and caught momentum. Today we have progressed so far just because of wheels that is why I think the wheel is very important in human civilisation.

Question 4.
Can you imagine life without wheels? Try and think of what life would be like if there were no wheels around.
Answer:
I cannot imagine life without wheels. Things would all be done at a very slow pace. There would be no technological development and we would not have reached the moon and other places without wheels.

Question 5.
Have you seen how wheels move on different surfaces like sand, gravel, grass or on a proper road? What are the differences you see?
Answer:
Experience it yourself and write down how the wheels move on different surfaces. The first one is done for you.
(a) On sandy surfaces, wheels find it difficult to move. It is not smooth at all.
(Tip: Students can ride their bicycles on the above mentioned surfaces and jot down their findings.)

It Can Be Done Summary in English

Introduction:

The poem “It Can Be Done” generalises that a person who lacks confidence and motto is the type of a person who remains stagnant in life and naturally unsuccessful. The poem explains that without hard work and sheer determination, man’s life wouldn’t be as developed as it is now.

Paraphrase:

The poem suggests that the things that we set our mind to complete can most definitely be done. The man who misses all the fun wears an expression of solemn pride, remains very aloof and harshly criticizes any kind of new venture.

If he had the power, he would happily erase all the developments made by man and also the history of the human race. We would then have no radio, no motorcars, no streetlights, no telegraphs, no telephone. We would still be living in the Stone Age. The poet says that the world would sleep if things were run by such men who had a negative approach to life saying, ’It can’t be done’.

Glossary:

1. in solemn pride (phrase) – here it means looking very serious, grand and important
2. aloof (adj) – separately, without getting involved in
3. venture (n) – adventure, a dangerous or risky task
4. reproof (n) – criticism, negative comments
5. efface (v) – wipe out, remove
6. linger (v) – to stay or remain in a place

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.7 The Sword in the Stone Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.7 The Sword in the Stone

Class 6 English Chapter 4.7 The Sword in the Stone Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the passage. Underline the new words. Guess their meaning from the context. Verify it from a good dictionary.

Question 1.
Read the passage. Underline the new words. Guess their meaning from the context. Verify it from a good dictionary.

2. Put the following events in chronological order.

Question a.
The sword in the stone appeared in the churchyard.
Answer:
Ancient Britain was invaded by wild Barbarians.

Question b.
Lord Uther died.
Answer:
Lord Uther drove the Barbarians away.

Question c.
Lord Uther drove the barbarians away.
Answer:
Lord Uther drove the Barbarians away.

Question d.
The Lords and Knights began to fight for the kingdom.
Answer:
Merlin entrusted a baby to Sir Ector.

Question e.
Sir Kay left his sword behind at home.
Answer:
Lord Arthur grew up in Sir Ector’s house.

Question f.
Merlin announced that Arthur was the son of Lord Uther.
Answer:
Lord Uther died.

Question g.
Arthur brought the sword from the churchyard.
Answer:
The Lords and Knights began to fight for the kingdom.

Question h.
Ancient Britain was invaded by wild Barbarians.
Answer:
The sword in the stone appeared in the churchyard.

Question i.
Many knights tried to pull the sword out of the stone.
Answer:
Many knights tried to pull the sword out of the stone.

Question j.
Arthur grew up in Sir Ector’s house.
Answer:
Sir Kay left his sword behind at home.Arthur brought the sword from the churchyard.

Question k.
Merlin entrusted a baby to Sir Ector.
Answer:
Merlin announced that Arthur was the son of Lord Uther.

3. What do the following events/actions tell us about the characters? Discuss.

Question a.
The Archbishop announced that everyone was free to try his hand at the sword and called all the Lords to the Great Tournament.
Answer:
The Archbishop is a bishop or priest of the highest rank. By giving a chance to all the lords to try their hand at the sword, he showed that he was fair and impartial. Through this act, he proved that he believed in giving everyone an equal chance. He acted responsibly in finding the rightful King of Britain.

Question b.
Arthur agreed to bring Sir Kay a sword at once.
Answer:
Arthur wanted his brother to win the tournament. He was dutiful and wanted to do all he could to help him achieve success at the tournament. He was excited about the prospects of this brother’s victory.

Question c.
Sir Ector asked Sir Kay to show him whether he could draw the swords out the stone.
Answer:
Sir Ector was a man of integrity and honesty. He believed in always being truthful. These were the very lessons he had taught his sons too. Sir Ector insisted that Sir Kay show him whether he could draw the sword of the stone to ascertain whether his son’s claim was true.

Question d.
Sir Ector kneeled before Arthur.
Answer:
Sir Ector did a splendid job of bringing up Arthur. But on realizing that he was the son of the good Lord Uther Pendragon he bowed down to authority with the devotion as Arthur was the King of Britain. This shows that he respected the king of the land though he had brought him up as his own son.

4. Find five words each.

Question a.
with the suffix:
-less,
-ly,
-ness
Answer:

-less	-lv	-ness
speechless	angrily	lawlessness
thankless	neatly	anxiousness
helpless	urgently	brightness
aimless	gently	carelessness
careless	silently	farsightedness

Question b.
with the prefix:
un- in-
Answer:

un……………	in……………
1. Unsafe 2. uncomfortable 3. unaware 4. unknown 5. uncommon	1. Insecure 2. insignificant 3. infamous 4. incomplete 5. inactive.

5. Visit a library: Read the stories of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.

Question 1.
Visit a library: Read the stories of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.

Class 6 English Chapter 4.7 The Sword in the Stone Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Why did people make Lord Uther the King of Britain and give him the title Pendragon?
Answer:
In ancient Britain, at a time when the land was invaded by wild Barbarians, the good and noble Lord Uther fought them bravely and drove them away from his land. The people made him King of Britain and gave him the title, Pendragon, meaning ‘dragon’s head’.

Question 2.
Write one instance to prove that lawlessness prevailed in Britain after the King died.
Answer:
Armed robbers roamed the countryside, pillaging farms and fields, and people felt unsafe and insecure in their own homes.

Question 3.
Which strange event was witnessed on Christmas morning?
Answer:
On Christmas morning, in the churchyard was a large stone, and on it an anvil of steel, and in the steel a naked sword was held, and about it was written in letters of gold that whoever pulled out the sword would by right of birth become the King of England.

Question 4.
Who crowded on the field to participate in the Great Tournament?
Answer:
Dukes and Counts, Earls, Barons and Knights crowded on the field to participate in the Great Tournament.

Question 5.
Who was Sir Ector?
Answer:
Sir Ector was a noble knight who had two sons, Sir Kay and young Arthur who he loved dearly. While Kay was his own son who was a knight, Arthur was an orphan who was brought up as a foster son by Sir Ector.

Question 6.
What did Sir Kay realise as he was preparing to join the tournament?
Answer:
As Sir Kay was preparing to join the tournament, he realised that he had left his sword behind at home.

Question 7.
Why was Sir Kay speechless?
Answer:
Sir Kay was speechless as his younger brother Arthur had pulled out the magic sword from the anvil of steel placed on the large stone which had appeared in the courtyard. It signified that he was the King of England by the right of birth.

Question 8.
Write in brief about Arthur’s qualities and skills.
Answer:
Arthur had always been a brave and valiant boy, and he had excelled in fencing and archery.

Question 9.
What had Sir Ector always told his sons?
Answer:
Sir Ector had always told his sons that what mattered most for a knight was integrity, being honest and truthful at all times, and on all occasions.

Question 10.
Why did Sir Kay fall on his knees before his younger brother?
Answer:
When Arthur drew the sword out, Sir Kay realised that he was the son of the great Lord Uther Pendragon, the King of Britain from then on. So as a mark of respect and devotion, Sir Kay fell on the knees of King Arthur.

Reading, Vocabulary and Grammar.

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
a. As soon as the Archbishop announced that Arthur was the rightful king, the crowd cheered happily.
b. The entire assemblage watched Arthur’s feat in awe.
Answer:
a. False
b. True

Question 2.
What does the extract deal with?
Answer:
The extract deals with the introduction of Arthur by the Archbishop to the assemblage and their reaction on seeing their newfound prince.

Question 3.
What was the reaction when the Archbishop announced that King Arthur was the King of England?
Answer:
There was silence and anger as the assemblage was not ready to believe that an unknown boy whose whereabouts were not known was the King of England. The Lords and Knights wanted to know how he was any better than any one of them.

Question 4.
How did the Knights display their loyalty to their newfound Prince?
Answer:
Each time more and more knights drew their swords and held them high in a gesture of loyalty to their new found prince.

Question 5.
How did the common people react?
Answer:
The common people reacted with loud cheers and they were eager to greet their new king.

Question 6.
Pick out proof to show that Merlin was appreciative of what Sir Ector had done.
Answer:
You have done a splendid job of bringing up the heir to the British throne.

Question 7.
Give the noun forms of:
a. believe
b. high
Answer:
a. belief
b. height

Question 8.
Find the odd word. (According to the extract)
assembly, cheers, rose
Answer:
rose: The rest of the words are nouns.

Question 9.
Loud cheers rose from the common people. (Pick out the describing words)
Answer:
Loud, common

Question 10.
Why do we need a good leader?
Answer:
Every society needs a good leader to run the administration effectively. It is the responsibility of a good leader to work towards the progress and prosperity of the society. It is rightly said: ‘A society cannot rise above its leaders’.

Language Study.

Do as directed.

Question 1.
There was no heir to the throne of Britain. (Pick out the nouns)
Answer:
Nouns – heir, throne, Britain

Question 2.
He who draws the sword will be crowned king. (Form a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer)
Answer:
Who will be crowned king?

Question 3.
Then you must help me out. (Pick out the modal and state its function)
Answer:
modal-must
function – compulsion

Question 4.
He rushed to his brother and handed the sword to him. (Begin the sentence with: Rushing back ………)
Answer:
Rushing back to his brother, he handed the sword to him.

Question 5.
Kay’s mind was working rapidly. (State the word class of the underlined word and state its kind)
Answer:
rapidly – Adverb of manner

Question 6.
Sir Ector was overwhelmed. (Make it exclamatory sentence)
Answer:
How overwhelmed Sir Ector was!

Question 7.
I shall await your return. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
I – Subject
shall await your return – Predicate

Question 8.
The Archbishop took them all to the churchyard. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with: They were all ………..)
Answer:
They were all taken to the churchyard by the Archbishop.

Question 9.
Merlin stepped out of the shadow and addressed the crowds. (Pick out the article)
Answer:
the

Question 10.
He is your rightful king. (Pick out the describing word)
Answer:
rightful – describing word

Complete the table.

Question 1.
Complete the table.
Answer:

Noun	Adjective	Verb
1. invasion	invasive	invade
2. attention	attentive	attend
3. participation	participatory	participate
4. breath	breathless	breathe
5. information	informative	inform

Make sentences using the following:

Question 1.
Make sentences using the following:
[to assemble, to accompany, to be breathless with excitement, to await one’s return, to watch in awe]
Answer:

1. to assemble – The crowd assembled near the village to witness the sight.
2. to accompany – We decided to accompany him to the place where the event was being organised.
3. to be breathless with excitement – When the result was announced, I was breathless with excitement as I had excelled in all subjects.
4. to await one’s return – I was awaiting the return of my friend who had gone to visit his grandparents.
5. to watch in awe – I watched in awe as the magician demonstrated the tricks.

Student’s Activity.

Question 1.
Use a dictionary and find the meanings of: Dukes and Counts; Earls; Barons; Knights

The Sword in the Stone Summary in English

After Lord Uther’s death, the Lords and Knights began to fight for becoming the King of Britain. A sword appeared in the churchyard with the message: “Whoso pulleth out this sword is by right of birth King of England’. Many knights tried to pull the sword out of the stone but failed. On New Year’s Day, Sir Ector, a noble knight and his two sons, Sir Kay and young Arthur too had gathered to witness the Great Tournament.

Sir Kay who wanted to participate in the tournament had forgotten to bring the sword from home. He entrusted the job to Arthur who unknowingly brought a sword which he sighted in the churchyard. He thus proved that he was the rightful heir to the throne.

Merlin appeared and explained that young Arthur was entrusted to Sir Ector for safety as both Lord Uther and Merlin knew the great danger that lay ahead for the kingdom and King Arthur.
The Archbishop announced to the assembly that King Arthur was the rightful King of England. This announcement was first met with anger but when King Arthur proved that he could draw the sword easily, it was accepted amidst cheers and jubiliation.

Introduction:

A legend set in ancient Britain, ‘The Sword in the Stone’ narrates the story of King Arthur, one of the bravest and noblest kings of Britain. His journey from being an orphan to the King of Britain is traced in this lesson.

Glossary:

1. ancient (adj) – very old
2. traitors (n) – disloyal people
3. pillaging (v) – plundering/looting
4. insecure (adj) – lack of confidence
5. assembled (v) – gathered
6. attempted (v) – tried
7. foster child (n) – a child raised by someone who is not its natural or adoptive parent
8. signified (v) – shown by a sign
9. valiant (adj) – courageous and brave
10. excelled (v) – to do extremely well
11. fencing (n) – a sport wherein two people fight using swords
12. archery (n) – a sport which uses bow to propel arrows
13. implied (v) – meant indirectly
14. integrity (n) – strong moral principles
15. intended (v) – planned to
16. grip (n) – something that grasps and holds
17. hesitation (n) – delay due to uncertainty

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Yonamine and Bushi Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Yonamine and Bushi

Class 6 English Chapter 2.7 Yonamine and Bushi Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the story and write about the following in short.

Question a.
Yonamine Chiru of Okinawa
Answer:
Yonamine Chiru was the most admired girl in Okinawa. She was intelligent, tall, strong, beautiful and so well trained in Karate that no one could beat her. She had put a condition that she would marry the man who would defeat her in a fair fight.

Question b.
Kojo
Answer:
Kojo was one of the first men to ask for Yonamine Chiru’s hand. He was so tall and well-built that his hands were like shovels, and his legs resembled tree trunks. He played foul and broke the rules of the game and thus lost his chance to marry Yonamine Chiru.

Question c.
Bushi Kiyo
Answer:
Bushi Kiyo had decided to marry a girl who enjoyed wrestling. He was trained under the Karate master Sakugawa. He was such an expert that he was recruited by Shoko, the king of Okinawa, to be his personal guard. He did not want to marry a delicate, fragile girl, but someone who was big and strong. He defeated Yonamine Chiru in a wrestling match and thus won her hand in marriage.

2. Discuss and write 1 – 2 lines about the following.

Question a.
Yonamine’s idea about marriage.
Answer:
Yonamine had her own ideas about marriage. She had declared firmly that she would only marry a man who could beat her in a fair fight.

Question b.
How Bushi defeated Yonamine in the wrestling match?
Answer:
The wrestling match began with Yonamine and Bushi bowing to each other and then began the attack. Both used their best techniques and it looked as if the match was going to be a tie. But, at a crucial moment in the fight, Yonamine paused very briefly. Bushi took advantage of this and brought her down with a swift punch.

Question c.
Why Bushi told Yonamine not to travel at night?
Answer:
Yonamine decided to visit her parents. She told Bushi that she would leave in the evening and return the next day in time to cook dinner. Bushi told her not to travel during the night because there were bandits roaming about and it was not safe for a woman to go out alone after dark.

Question d.
Yonamine’s fight with Bushi (disguised as a bandit).
Answer:
Bushi’s wife decided to go to visit her parents one evening. Bushi warned her not to go out alone at night because it would be dangerous as there were bandits around. Yonamine, his wife told him not to worry as she could . take care of herself. To teach her a lesson, because he thought she was overconfident, he disguised as a bandit. He ran ahead of her and hid behind a tree. He confronted her as a bandit would. Yonamine with her swift, sharp attacks made the attacker unconscious. Yonamine then dragged the attacker and tied him to a tree and then set off to her parents’ home, as if nothing had happened.

Question e.
The lesson that Bushi learnt.
Answer:
Bushi learnt not to underestimate anybody, especially women.

3. Divide the story into different sections to show the different events and time periods in it. Give a suitable title to each section.
Examples:

Question 1.
Divide the story into different sections to show the different events and time periods in it. Give a suitable title to each section.
Examples:

Answer:

• Bushi Kiyo accepts the challenge.
• Bushi Kiyo wins Yonamine Chiru’s hand.
• Bushi Kiyo and Yonamine happily married.
• Bushi Kiyo decides to teach his wife a lesson.
• Bushi Kiyo learns a lesson himself.

4. Write a short monologue using one of the following ideas. Write down the monologue and present it in the class.

Question a.
Yonamine’s father worrying about getting her married.
Answer:
I am Yonamine Chiru’s father. My daughter is intelligent, strong, beautiful and well trained in Karate that no one can beat her. This is where the problem lies. She has become of a marriageable age and I would love to see her
married. After all she is my only child and I want her to be happy. She is the heir to all my fortunes and I want to see her married off happily when I am alive.

I know that there are men who wants to marry her but I am unsure if they want my daughter or her fortune. To add to this misery my daughter has put a condition regarding her marriage that she would marry only that man who would defeat her in a fair fight. She is so well trained in Karate that I barely see anyone defeating her. I am really worried for my daughter and I hope she finds her match.

Question b.
Bushi disguised as a bandit
Answer:
I am Bushi Kiyo, husband of Yonamine. My wife is overconfident and thinks herself to be strong and an expert in Karate. I forbade her to travel at night but she refused to listen. I felt that she must be taught a lesson for her own good. So as Yonamine left for her father’s place, I disguised myself as bandit wearing shabby clothes, smearing dark colour over my hands.

I covered my face with a scarf and hid behind a clump of trees. When I saw Yonamine passing by, I jumped from behind the trees and tried to attack her. But Yonamine was too swift and sharp and attacked me instead. Besides she also tied me up to a tree and left for her father’s house.

5. Form groups and hold debates on the following topics. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3 – 6 points each)

Question a.
Debate on ‘Boys cannot cook or do any housework’.
Answer:

Pros (for)	Cons (against)
1. Today, boys can cook and do household chores. A vivid example is the programme ‘Master Chef’ in which we see more boys than girls participating and normally the boys end up winning the finals.	1. That is outside the house. In the house they expect everything to be done either by their mothers or sisters.
2. After the 1960’s men/boys do more work than they used to.	2. Even today boys feel that cooking and household chores are women’s work.
3. There is less housework to do because of machines that makes work easy and so is quickly done by the ladies in the house.	3. Boys should remember that it is their house too and should get started and help in the chores and lighten the work.

Let us conclude this debate by letting everyone present that there is no ‘her job’ or ‘his job’. Today men and women have to share equal responsibilities because in most of the families both parents are bread earners. Sharing responsibilities makes work lighter and quicker and a sense of equality prevails.

Question b.
Girls cannot do everything that boys do.
Answer:

Pros	Cons
1. Indian society still thrives on male ego wherein girls are secondary and are not allowed to do what they wants.	1. Today time has changed. Girls can do whatever they sets their heart to.
2. There is no taboo for boys. Indian society feels that boys are better than girls in every respect.	2. Today a lot of changes in the laws have given girls the confidence to stand equal to their male counterpart.
3. Girls are not allowed to take part in many games as well as jobs terming them as ‘boy’s games’ or ‘boy’s jobs’.	3. Today society has become more open to the idea that girls too are capable of playing any game or doing any task.

Question c.
You should never lose a match.
Answer:

Pros	Cons
1. Whenever we play, we should play to win.	1. Winning and losing are two sides of the same coin.
2. Participate only if you know for sure that you will win or don’t participate at all.	2. One cannot predict the result of the game. You cannot tell how the ball will turn. You can be a hero or a zero. You cannot always win.
3. Winning is a great feeling. You feel you have conquered the world.	3. This feeling is only for some time. Losing is also a part of the game. We learn from our mistakes and can always do better.

Question d.
You should admit your mistakes.
Answer:

Pros	Cons
1. It is always right and a good habit to admit your mistakes. You feel good.	1. Many a times when mistakes are admitted it fires back. You are always blamed.
2. Admitting a mistake makes you understand that you have done something wrong and you should not repeat the same.	2. Admitting a mistake, many-a-times is not taken positively. You are taunted about it every time.
3. Admitting your mistake keeps your conscience clear.	3. Though one should admit one’s mistake, one does not admit because of the attitude of the people around him.

6. Visit a library: Read more stories from Japan, China and Korea.

Question 1.
Visit a library: Read more stories from Japan, China and Korea.

Class 6 English Chapter 2.7 Yonamine and Bushi Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Why was Yonamine the most admired girl in Okinawa?
Answer:
Yonamine was intelligent, tall, strong, big and beautiful and a matchless Karate player. This made her the most admired girl in Okinawa.

Question 2.
What was Yonamine’s idea about her marriage?
Answer:
Yonamine stated firmly, “I will only marry a man who can beat me in a fair fight!”

Question 3.
Who was the first young man to ask Yonamine’s hand? Why was he rejected?
Answer:
Kojo, a tall and well-built man, was the first to ask Yonamine’s hand. He was rejected because he played foul with her in a contest of martial arts.

Question 4.
How did Yonamine defeat Kojo?
Answer:
Kojo broke the rules of the games by throwing a punch at Yonamine. She twisted his arm so powerfully that he fell down and he was defeated.

Question 5.
Who was Bushi Kiyo?
Answer:
Bushi Kiyo was an expert Karate player and the personal guard of Shoka, the King of Okinawa.

Question 6.
Describe Kiyo’s features.
Answer:
Kiyo was tall and slim, with dark piercing eyes and appeared fearless.

Question 7.
How do you know that Yonamine was a good housewife?
Answer:
Yonamine was kind and loving. She cooked and cleaned and kept the house spick and span.

Question 8.
What opinion did Bushi have of Yonamine?
Answer:
Bushi opined that Yonamine was overconfident of her strength and skill.

Question 9.
Why did Bushi disguise himself as a bandit?
Answer:
Bushi disguised himself as a bandit to scare Yonamine who dared to travel in the dark. Also he wanted to teach her a lesson for her own good.

Question 10.
What lesson did B ushi learn at the end of the day?
Answer:
Bushi learnt a lesson ‘Never to underestimate anybody, especially a woman.’

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the extract and do the activities.

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram.
Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences.

Question a.
Many wrestlers were eager ………….. .
Answer:
To win her in a contest of martial arts.

Question b.
Yonamine’s father began to worry …………… .
Answer:
When it was time to get her married.

Question 3.
What was Yonamine’s condition about marriage?
Answer:
Yonamine laid down a condition that she would only marry a man who could beat her in a fair fight.

Question 4.
She was intelligent, tall, strong and beautiful. (Pick out the adjectives in the sentence)
Answer:
Adjectives – intelligent, tall, strong, beautiful

Question 5.a.
Yonamine was the most admired girl. (Change into present tense)
Answer:
Yonamine is the most admired girl.

Question b.
She was a beautiful girl with a fortune! (Identify the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Exclamatory sentence

Question c.
She was a beautiful girl. (Change into negative)
Answer:
She was not an ugly girl.

Personal Response

Question 1.
Have you ever won a contest? How does it feel?
Answer:
Yes, I have won a couple of contests in singing and drawing. Winning a contest makes me feel very confident and a feeling of pride too. I put in my best and try not to be overconfident.

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
He loved his daughter. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
He loved his daughter, didn’t he?

Question 2.
She crossed the clump of trees. (Change into past perfect)
Answer:
She had crossed the clump of trees.

Question 3.
Add prefixes to the following so as to get their opposites:

1. important
2. wanted
3. customary
4. respect
5. defeated
6. cooked

Answer:

1. unimportant
2. unwanted
3. uncustomary
4. disrespect
5. undefeated
6. uncooked

Question 4.
Word building: Write the noun form of the following:

1. intelligent
2. strong
3. beautiful
4. important
5. rich
6. splendid

Answer:

1. intelligence
2. strength
3. beauty
4. importance
5. richness
6. splendour

Question 5.
He loved his daughter. (Change into Negative sentence)
Answer:
He did not hate his daughter.

Question 6.
She cooked and cleaned and kept the house spick and span. (Pick out a phrase from the sentence which means neat, clean and tidy)
Answer:
spick and span

Question 7.
Yonamine’s father was a very happy man. (Separate subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject – Yonamine’s father
Predicate – was a very happy man.

Question 8.
She held her attacker by the hand. (Pick out the verb and state its kind)
Answer:
held – transitive verb

Question 9.
Bushi disguised himself as a bandit. (Frame a Wh-question so as to get the underlined word as the answer)
Answer:
What did Bushi disguise himself as?

Question 10.
But he played foul! (Kind of sentence)
Answer:
Exclamatory sentence

Do you know?

1. Mannerisms in Japan, China and Korea Bowing is one aspect of each culture all over the world.
2. In Japan and Korea and a slight bow when greeting each other and a deeper bow in more formal situations is still considered appropriate. However in China the handshake has actually become a common greeting with only a slight head nod rather than the traditional bow.

Yonamine and Bushi Summary in English

The story revolves around a girl named Yonamine, who is intelligent, tall, strong, beautiful and admired by everyone. She is very good at Karate too. She is the only heir to her rich father’s property. Her father wants to see her happily married, but she has got certain conditions/ ideas about her marriage. She marries Bushi Kiyo after he passes the contest. She performs her duties as a wife and both are happy.

Once she decides to visit her parents at night. Her husband warns her against going out at night saying that it is not safe to travel at night, especially for ladies. Yonamine tells her husband not to worry and sets out to meet her parents. Bushi feels that his wife was overconfident and that she should be taught a lesson. He disguises as a bandit and attacks Yonamine. Yonamine with her swift and sharp actions hits her attacker, rendering him unconscious. She ties him to a tree and sets off to her parents’ home.

The next day she leaves her parents’ home to reach her home in time to cook her husband’s evening meal. Bushi who had been untied by his wife, reaches home dull and tired. Bushi returns the white sash his wife had used to tie him. When Yonamine realises that it was her husband she had tied up, she has a hearty laugh. Bushi learns a lesson not to underestimate anybody, especially a woman.

Introduction:

It is a true story that took place in Japan wherein Yonamine Chiru, a beautiful intelligent girl marries Bushi Kiyo after he defeats her in a wrestling match which was the condition of her marriage. They live a happy married life and an incident which took place makes Bushi Kiyo realise that he should not underestimate anybody, especially a woman.

Glossary:

1. karate (n) – an Okinawa martial art
2. inherit (v) – to receive money, property or title as heir at the death of the previous holder
3. fortune (n) – a large amount of money or assets
4. martial (adj) – relating to fighting or war
5. foul (adj) – wicked or immoral
6. customary (adj) – according to custom
7. opponent (n) – a player of the opposite team
8. recruited (v) – a person selected for service
9. challenge (n) – dare
10. fragile (adj) – thin
11. earnest (adj) – reality, seriousness
12. crucial (adj) – of great importance
13. bandit (n) – one who robs others
14. depart (v) – to leave
15. fork (n) – an interjection in a road where one road is spilt into two
16. captivity (n) – being imprisoned or confined

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Ramanujan Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Ramanujan

Class 8 English Chapter 4.4 RamanujanTextbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Discuss orally in your class:

In what subjects is knowledge of mathematics used, at school level and college university level. Name them.
Did you know maths is used in music and poetry also? Can you tell me how?
Answer:
(Points: knowledge of maths is used in science, physics, chemistry, economics, accountancy, etc. Poetry-rhymes, rhythm; music-beat, rhythm, etc.)

2. Use the letters in the word MATHEMATICIAN to make 4 letters 5 letter and 6 or more letter words, within a time limit fixed by your teacher.
Answer:
Mathematician: cinema, anthem, thematic, machine, attach, match, meant, mice, item, mime, hate, heat, them, team, etc.

3. Sentences can be classified into three types – Simple, Complex and Compound.

A Simple Sentence is one that has only one Subject and one Predicate.
It has only one Finite verb.
For example, She went home.
In the morning, near my school, I saw a snake.

A Complex Sentence consists of one Main Clause and one or more
Dependent or Subordinate Clauses.
For example, She went home, after school was over.
The boys found the book which had been lost.

A Compound Sentence consists of two or more Independent or
Co-ordinate Clauses. They are joined by Co-ordinators.
For example: and, but, so, or, for etc.

a. He finished his work and he left his office.
b. He is poor but he is honest.
From lesson 4.2 pick out one example of each of the following.

(i) Simple Sentence: ……………
Answer:
Modern techniques are used nowadays for anaesthesia.

(ii) Complex Sentence: …………..
Answer:
Today, if you need to have heart surgery, you can choose from many fine doctors.

(iii) Compound Sentence: ……………
Answer:
Over the years now, revolutionary steps have been taken in different types of complicated surgery and these have made such operations successful.

1. A. Use the following words/phrases to make sentences of your own:

Question 1.
enthusiasm
Answer:
The hikers set off on the hike with great enthusiasm.

Question 2.
loped off
Answer:
The deer loped off easily after being freed from the trap.

Question 3.
fraud
Answer:
The doctor was arrested by the police for being a fraud.

Question 4.
clarity
Answer:
The teacher told the student that there was no clarity in her answers.

Question 5.
to come
Answer:
The minister refused to come to the party unless he was provided conveyance.

Question 6.
amiable
Answer:
The Principal was happy that the new teacher was an amiable person.

Question 7.
to terms with
Answer:
The doctor advised the woman to come to terms with her illness,

Question 8.
conveyance
Answer:
The minister refused to come to the party unless he was provided conveyance.

1. B. The following words can be used us Nouns us well us Verbs:
(visit / honour / report / watch / form / surprise)

Make pairs of sentences of your own using them us u Noun in one and as a Verb in the other.
For example:
(i) She gave a smile – Noun.
(ii) Babies smile when they see their mother – Verb.
Answer:
(1) visit:
(i) My grandmother came over for a visit yesterday, (noun)
(ii) “We must visit the zoo when we go to Hyderabad,” said Meera. (verb)

(2) honour:
(i) It was an honour to have such a great scientist visit our college, (noun)
(ii) “Let us honour those who have laid down their lives for the country,” said the minister, (verb)

(3) report:
The class had to hand in their project reports by the end of the week. (noun)
(ii) The witness reported all that he had seen to the lawyer, (verb)

(4) Watch:
(i) Suman lost her new watch while travelling by train, (noun)
(ii) “Watch the house to see if the thief returns,” ordered the inspector, (verb)

(5) form:
(i) The boy’s admission form was rejected by the college as it was incomplete. (noun)
(ii) We formed our own impression of the new corporator, (verb)

(6) surprise:
(i) “There is a surprise for you outside your door,” said my friend. (noun)
(ii) The villagers surprised thief 1 when he was sleeping and caught him. (verb)

2. Say why:

Question 1.
Ramanujan’s letter bored and irritated Hardy at first.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s letter was written in halting English and signed by a person unknown to Hardy. The script appeared to consist of theorems, most of them wild or fantastic-looking. Some of them though well-known were laid out as though they were original. There were no proofs of any kind. It seemed to be a kind of fraud, and hence bored and irritated Hardy.

Question 2.
Hardy invited Littlewood for a discussion.
Answer:
Hardy could not get the Indian manuscript out of his mind. It had wild theorems he had never seen before or imagined. He wondered if it was an unknown mathematician of genius. He had another look at the script and then invited Littlewood for a discussion to clarify his doubts.

Question 3.
mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s mother had a dream in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose. Hence, obeying the command of the goddess of Namakkal, mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.

Question 4.
Hardy and Ramanujan could not talk freely with each other.
Answer:
Ramanujan was an untrained genius. There was a big difference between Ramanujan’s and Hardy’s education. Ramanujan knew nothing of modern rigour; he did not know what proof was and Hardy was obliged to teach him some formal mathematics. He was sometimes confused with Hardy’s conversation when it was outside mathematics. Due to all these reasons, Hardy and Ramanujan could not; talk freely with each other.

Question 5.
Ramanujan had to be hospitalized.
Answer:
Ramanujan had to be hospitalized because he was ill. He later died of tuberculosis.

Question 6.
Ramanujan found the number 1729 very interesting.
Answer:
Ramanujan found the number 1729 very interesting because it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.

3. Read the text and enlist the achievements and honours of Ramanujan, received in England.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s achievements and honour, received in England:

• The Royal Society elected him a Fellow at the age of thirty (which, even for a mathematician, is very young)
• Trinity College elected him a Fellow in the same year.
• Ramanujan was the first Indian to be given either of these distinctions.

4. Voice – Active and Passive
The form of a verb shows whether the doer of an action is in the Subject (Active voice) or the Subject has an action done to it (Passive voice).
For example, The thief stole the jewels. (Active voice).
The jewels were stolen by the thief. (Passive voice)
Note: While changing from Active to Passive voice, the verb form includes be + past participle.
In a sentence, when the doer of an action is significant, we use Active voice. In Passive voice, the doer of an action may not be mentioned.
For example, The thief was caught. (by the police)

(A) Underline the verbs in the following sentences and state whether the sentences are in Active or Passive voice:

Question a.
England gave Ramanujan great honours.
Answer:
England gave Ramanujan great honours. (Active)

Question b.
A large untidy envelope was decorated with Indian stumps.
Answer:
A large untidy envelope was decorated with Indian stumps. (Passive)

Question c.
The timetable was not altered.
Answer:
The timetable was not altered. (Passive)

Question d.
She saw her son in a big hail.
Answer:
She saw her son in a big hail. (Active)

Question e.
Hardy corrected his statement.
Answer:
Hardy corrected his statement. (Active)

Question f.
Ramanujan was brought to England.
Answer:
Ramanujan was brought to England. (Passive)

(B) Change the voice in the following sentences:

Question a.
Hardy taught Ramanujan.
Answer:
Ramanujan was taught by Hardy.

Question b.
He knew nothing of the modern rigour.
Answer:
Nothing of the modern rigour was known by him.

Question c.
Sheets of paper were found in it, by Hardy.
Answer:
Hardy found sheets of paper in it.

Question d.
Hardy was bored by that manuscript.
Answer:
That manuscript bored Hardy.

Question e.
Trinity supported unorthodox talent.
Answer:
The unorthodox talent was supported by Trinity.

Question f.
He could not break the ban.
Answer:
The ban could not be broken by him.

5. Identify whether the following are Simple, Complex and Compound sentences:

Question a.
When he opened it, he found sheets of paper.
Answer:
Complex

Question b.
He glanced at a letter.
Answer:
Simple

Question c.
Hardy was not only bored but he was also irritated.
Answer:
Compound

Question d.
Ramanujan turned out to be a poor clerk.
Answer:
Simple

Question e.
If Ramanujan had been better educated, he would hove been even more wonderful than he was.
Answer:
Complex

Question f.
Ramanujan was self-taught: he knew nothing of the modern rigour.
Answer:
Compound

6. Interview Question:

A brilliant student from your school has on a Mathematics Quiz at the National Level.
Frame questions to ¡ntervie him / her when the school felicitates him / her. Follow the steps given below.

• Greeting
• Introduction of the interviewee and achievements.
• 2 or 3 questions about growing years.
• 4 to 6 questions about the achievements.
• 2 or 3 questions about future plans and prospects.
• Expression of thanks and good wishes.

Answer:
(1) Good morning, Rachana. First of all, let me offer you my Congratulations on winning the Mathematics Quiz, and that too, at the National Level. May I ask you a few questions about your achievement?
(2) Did you have great interest in mathematics in the early years of your childhood?
(3) How did you develop this interest?
(4) How long did you prepare yourself before participating in this Quiz?
(5) Who helped you and guided you?
(6) Who encouraged you or motivated you at that stage?
(7) How did you feel when you were actually answering the questions?
(8) What is the next step from here?
(9) Do you plan to make a career in mathematics?
(10) Any message to others interested in mathematics?
(11) Thank you, and all the best for your future. Goodbye.

7. Summary:

• Read the first three paragraphs on Page 92. (From One morning upto ………… a discussion after hail)
• Re-read the same noting down only Important points.
• RewrIte the Important points In your own simple language, In you notebook.
• Make certain that your summary Is less than half the length of the original passage.

Answer:

The Manuscript

One morning in 1913, Hardy received an envelope from India. It contained many lines of symbols, written in non- English script. The letter with it, written in halting English and signed by an unknown Indian, wanted Hardy’s opinion on the mathematical discoveries enclosed. These were only some known and unknown theorems, without any proofs. Hardy, bored and irritated, put the manuscript aside and went to play tennis. However, his pleasure in his game was interrupted by; the thought of the Indian manuscript with the wild theorems he had left behind. He
wondered if the man was a genius. When he returned to his room, he took another look at the script. Then he sent word to Littlewood that they must have a discussion after hall.

Class 8 English Chapter 4.4 Ramanujan Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following:

Question 1.
Hardy could not enjoy his game because ________.
Answer:
he kept thinking of the Indian manuscript that he had received that morning.

Question 2.
The manuscript contained _______.
Answer:
wild and fantastic-looking theorems and lines and lines of symbols in a non-English script.

Question 3.
The famous mathematicians mentioned in this extract are ______.
Answer:
Hardy and Littlewood.

Question 4.
The two English mathematicians realized by midnight _______.
Answer:
that the writer of the manuscripts was a man of genius

Question 5.
The famous mathematicians mentioned in this extract are _______.
Answer:
Hardy, Ramanujan, Gauss, Euler and Kapitsa

Question 6.
The number 1729 is exceptional because _________.
Answer:
it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways

Question 7.
The famous mathematicians mentioned in this extract are ______.
Answer:
Galois, Abel, and Riemann, in addition to Hardy and Ramanujan

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Hardy invited Littlewood for a discussion.
Answer:
Hardy could not get the Indian manuscript out of his mind. It had wild theorems he had never seen before or imagined. He wondered if it was an unknown mathematician of genius. He had another look at the script and then invited Littlewood for a discussion to clarify his doubts.

Question 2.
What qualities of Ramanujan does this extract bring out?
Answer:
This extract brings out Ramanujan’s passion for mathematics, his courage, and perseverance in sending his manuscript to a strange person across the seas, his efforts to put forward his ideas in spite of a lack of education, and his intelligence.

Question 3.
What were the two drawbacks of Ramanujan’s career?
Answer:
The two drawbacks in Ramanujan’s career were the defects in his education and that he had come on the scene too late in the line of mathematical history.

Question 4.
What superstition did Ramanujan’s mother believe in?
Answer:
Ramanujan’s mother believed in the superstition that she had to obey the commands given to her in her dream by the goddess of Namakkal and that whatever is seen in dreams comes true.

Question 5.
What surprised everyone one morning?
Answer:
One morning, Ramanujan’s mother said that she had a dream the previous night, in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans. The goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose. This statement, coming from a woman who was very strict about her religious observances, surprised everyone.

Question 6.
Say why mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s mother had a dream in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose. Hence, obeying the command of the goddess of Namakkal, mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.

Question 7.
Hardy calls teaching Ramanujan an unusual experience.
Answer:
Ramanujan was an untrained genius. Yet, because of the defects in his education, Hardy had to teach him some formal mathematics as though Ramanuja was a scholarship candidate at Winchester. Hardy found it strange teaching modern mathematics to someone who had the deepest insight but who had literally never heard most of it. Hence he says that teaching Ramanujan was an unusual experience.

Underline the finite verbs in the following sentence:

She had a dream the previous night, in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose.
Answer:
She had a dream the previous night, in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you believe in superstitions?
Answer:
I don’t believe in silly superstitions: like black cats crossing the path, walking under a ladder, etc. But I believe in God and that good things happen to good people. I also believe that ‘God helps those who help themselves’. We must work hard if we want something, and not just sit back and expect God and ‘luck’ to do things for us.

Question 2.
Ramanujan did not have a proper formal education. Yet he became a famous mathematician. Does this mean that proper education is not necessary?
Answer:
I think Ramanujan’s case was a very rare case, where he became famous even though there were so many defects in his education. This was because he was very highly talented. However, if he had received a proper education, he would probably have done much, much more, and contributed more in the field of maths. A proper education always helps, and one must always go for it.

Question 3.
In the earlier days, people used to die of illnesses like tuberculosis and pneumonia. Do you think that is still the case?
Answer:
Though these diseases are still prevalent, the rate of cure is high, and the percentage of people dying from them has gone down. Different medicines have – been found for them. Today people die of cardiac problems, cancer, etc.

Write if the following statements are True or False:

Question 1.
Ramanujan was a bad-tempered person.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Hardy thought that Ramanujan was an untrained genius.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Ramanujan did not get admission to Madras University.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Ramanujan was sometimes confused with Hardy’s conversation.
Answer:
True

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Pick out two compound words from the lesson.
Answer:
timetable, superhuman

Question 2.
Make a word pyramid of at least four words beginning with U.
Answer:

Question 3.
Give the noun forms of:
amiable, fulfilling
Answer:
amiability, fulfillment

Question 4.
Find out four hidden words from the given word: miserably (Each word should have at least 4 letters.)
Answer:
miserably: miser, able, miserly, bleary

Question 5.
Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: sent
Answer:
(i) Harsha sent the little boy home immediately.
(ii) The scent of the jasmine flowers was simply wonderful.

Question 6.
Rewrite as a negative sentence:
It seemed impossible that he could break the ban and cross the water.
Answer:
It did not seem possible that he could break the ban and cross the water.

Question 7.
Underline the adjectives in the following sentence:
He seems to have listened with a patient smile on his good, friendly, homely face.
Answer:
He seems to have listened with a patient smile on his good, friendly, homely, face.

Question 8.
Say whether the sentence is Simple, Compound, or Complex:
If it had been summer, he would have walked down to Fenner’s to watch cricket.
Answer:
Complex

Question 9.
Change the voice:
They needed a certain amount of help from a superhuman agency.
Answer:
A certain amount of help was needed from a superhuman agency (by them).

Question 10.
Rewrite using the underlined word as a verb:
He sent word to Littlewood that they must have a discussion.
Answer:
He sent word to Littlewood that they must discuss.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.6 Ad‘wise’ Customers Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.6 Ad‘wise’ Customers

Class 6 English Chapter 2.6 Ad‘wise’ Customers Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Enact the advertisement:
Seven children wait in different places, striking a suitable pose as shown in the ad.
The character ‘Krispy Krunchy’ comes in dancing. He goes near every child, singing the words shown in the ad. He offers a Krispy Krunchy piece to every child, The child eats it and begins to smile and clap. At the end, the character faces the class, shows a big pack of Krispy Krunchy and presents the last few lines.

Question 1.
Enact the advertisement:
Seven children wait in different places, striking a suitable pose as shown in the ad.
The character ‘Krispy Krunchy’ comes in dancing. He goes near every child, singing the words shown in the ad. He offers a Krispy Krunchy piece to every child, The child eats it and begins to smile and clap. At the end, the character faces the class, shows a big pack of Krispy Krunchy and presents the last few lines.

2. Discuss the following questions after you have seen a presentation of the ‘ad’.

Question 1.
What does the ad tell you?
Answer:
The ‘ad’ tells us that for any occasion or any mood, the best thing you could have is Krispy Krunchy.

Question 2.
How many times is the name Krispy Krunchy repeated in the ad? Why?
Answer:
Krispy Krunchy has been repeated nine times in the ad. The name Krispy Krunchy has been repeated so many times that people get impressed and feel like buying and tasting the product.

Question 3.
What would happen if you never ate Krispy Krunchy?
Answer:
I don’t think I would miss out on anything if I never ate Krispy Krunchy because it was never there in the food items mother gave me, so I know it is not good for health.

Question 4.
What would happen if you ate proper meals like rice and dal or dal-roti?
Answer:
If I ate proper meals like rice and dal or dal- roti, I would remain healthy. Growing children need a balanced and nourishing diet.

Question 5.
What would happen if you never ate fruits and vegetables?
Answer:
If I never ate fruits and vegetables, my body would lack the necessary nutrients needed for nourishing a growing child and I would be unhealthy and fall sick often.

3. Present the information in the box ‘My Teacher says’. Translate the box ‘My Teacher says’ into your mother tongue.

Question 1.
Present the information in the box ‘My Teacher says’. Translate the box ‘My Teacher says’ into your mother tongue.

4. Watch the advertisements on TV. Choose any one of them for group discussion and analysis. Write your report on the advertisement.

Question 1.
Watch the advertisements on TV. Choose any one of them for group discussion and analysis. Write your report on the advertisement.

Class 6 English Chapter 2.6 Ad‘wise’ Customers Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Enact the ad by playing the roles of Didi and her relatives. One more child acts as the salesman of bHcmaguuri and presents the text given in white letters in pink bubbles.

Question 1.
Enact the ad by playing the roles of Didi and her relatives. One more child acts as the salesman of bHcmaguuri and presents the text given in white letters in pink bubbles.

2. Discuss the following questions after you have seen a presentation of the ‘ad’.

Question 1.
Why does Didi says “No party for me”?
Answer:
Didi says “No party for me!” because she feels that she is not beautiful because she is dark.

Question 2.
Can you become fair in five days?
Answer:
No, one cannot become fair in five days.

Question 3.
How long will the effect of the cream last?
Answer:
The effect of the cream will last till as long as it is on your face. When washed the effect is gone.

Question 4.
Will you love your brother or sister only if she’s fair?
Answer:
I will love my brother or sister irrespective of their colour.

Question 5.
Think of the people you like.
Do you like them because they have a fair (white) skin or because of some other qualities? List those qualities.
Answer:
No, I like them because they are loving, caring, helpful, polite, intelligent (Now add some more to the list).

3. Who do you think benefits most from commercial advertisement?

Question 1.
Who do you think benefits most from commercial advertisement?
Answer:
The seller of the product benefits most from commercial advertisements.

4. Have you seen non-commercial advertisements – those that are not ‘selling’ anything but are only giving people useful information?

Question 1.
Have you seen non-commercial advertisements – those that are not ‘selling’ anything but are only giving people useful information?
Answer:
Yes, advertisement on “Save Tigers” and also the “Polio Plus Vaccine” for children below the age of 5.

5. Write a useful ‘ad’ on the importance of games, drinking water, your own school.

Question 1.
Write a useful ‘ad’ on the importance of games, drinking water, your own school.
Answer:

1. Importance of games: ‘If you are unhealthy and you don’t want to remain the same, be sure you regularly play a game.’
2. Drinking water: ‘Water is a giver of life, drink a lot of it everyday and enrich your life.’
   Now let us see how you write ‘ads’. Let us try.

Class 6 English Chapter 2.6 Ad‘wise’ Customers Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities.

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram.
Answer:

What the ad says:

Question 2.
Which are the different moods you see in the ‘ads’ of Krispy Krunchy?
Answer:
The different moods seen in the ads of Krispy Krunchy are – happy, sad, depressed, victorious.

Question 3.
What is the aim of advertisements?
Answer:
The aim of advertisements is to make people buy the products.

Question 4.
How must you act while buying a product?
Answer:
We must act like a wise customer while buying
a product.

Question 5.
What must you decide while buying a product?
Answer:
While buying a product, we must decide what to buy, how much to buy and what not to buy.

Question 6.
What is the cost of one packet of Krispy Krunchy?
Answer:
One packet of Krispy Krunchy costs Rs. 5.

Question 7.
When will we get a packet of free Krispy Krunchy?
Answer:
On the purchase of 5 packets, we get one packet free.

Language Study

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Is the advice in the ads always good for you? (Identify the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Interrogative sentence

Question 2.
You must think about it carefully. (Name the word class of the underlined word)
Answer:
carefully – Adverb

Question 3.
Give the verb form of:

1. different
2. advice
3. attractive

Answer:

1. different – differ, differentiate
2. advice – advise
3. attractive – attract

Question 4.
Growing children need a balanced diet. (Change the number)
Answer:
A growing child needs a balanced diet.

Question 5.
These snacks are usually fried foods. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject – These snacks
Predicate – are usually fried foods.

Question 6.
You must act like a wise customer. (Pick out the modal verb and the main verb)
Answer:
must – modal verb act – main verb

Question 7.
Watch the advertisements on T. V. Choose any one of them for group discussion and analysis. Write your report on the advertisement.
Answer:
Points to remember while writing a report.

1. A report is a composition which provides in depth complete information about an event or a topic.
2. The information provided should be the same as seen in the advertisement.
3. A report has no place for personal thoughts or emotions.
4. The facts should be presented as they are.
5. A report should begin with a very catchy headline which expresses the gist of the report at a glance.
6. Always write in the past tense.
7. Summarize the advertising campaign’s goals.

Do you Know?

• History of Advertising in India Indian advertising starts with the hawkers calling out their wares right from the days when cities and markets first began.
• Ads appeared for the first time in print in Hickey’s Bengal Gazette, India’s first newspaper (weekly).
• Studios were set up for bold type ornate fonts, fancier ‘larger ads.’ Today advertisements (audio & visual) appear in every type of media.

Ad‘wise’ Customers Summary in English

Introduction:

Advertisement is a form of marketing devise used by the business houses to promote or sell their products. Advertisements are shown to convince customers that a particular commodity is the best. It is designed in such a way, so to achieve the best of the results, the most popular actor or actress are shown using the products. We must remember not to get carried away by advertisements. It is left to us whether to buy or not, a particular product. So think wisely and decide.

Glossary:

1. customer (n) – one who purchases a product
2. nourishing (adj) – nutritious, that which provides nourishment
3. balanced (adj) – containing elements in appropriate proportion

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.6 The Phantom Tollbooth Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 4.6 The Phantom Tollbooth

Class 6 English Chapter 4.6 The Phantom Tollbooth Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Question a.
Which book is introduced in the passage?
Answer:
The novel “The Phantom Tollbooth” is introduced in the passage.

Question b.
Where does the story take place?
Answer:
The story takes place in San Francisco in the United States.

Question c.
Who is the main character in the story?
Answer:
Milo, a young boy who lived in San Francisco in the States is the main character in the story

Question d.
Why is the tollbooth called a ‘Phantom’ Tollbooth?
Answer:
“Phantom” (A ghost) is a character we read about in comics. No one knows where he comes from. The same is applicable to the tollbooth. Both Phantom and the tollbooth have one thing in common: ‘their mysterious appearance’ and so the name “The Phantom Tollbooth”.

Question e.
When was the book written?
Answer:
The book was written more than 50 years ago.

Question f.
Who has written the book?
Answer:
The book has been written by Norman Juster.

2. List the various people and places mentioned in the passage. The places Milo visits and the people he meets have unusual names. Write the meanings of those names.

Question 1.
List the various people and places mentioned in the passage. The places Milo visits and the people he meets have unusual names. Write the meanings of those names.
Answer:
People he meets:

Names	Meaning
1. Rhyme and Reason	Purpose or explanation (usually used as a phrase: without any rhyme and reason)
2. Lethargarians	People without energy and enthusiasm

People he visits:

Names	Meaning
1. Land of expectations	Land filled with anticipation of things to come
2. Kingdom of wisdom	A land which reflected experience, knowledge and judgment.
3. Castles of air	An imaginary fortified building
4. Doldrums	A place in a state of inactivity

3. List the various things that the Lethargarians do or want to do. Can you sum up all of it in one word or phrase?

Question 1.
List the various things that the Lethargarians do or want to do. Can you sum up all of it in one word or phrase?
Answer:
Epitome of laziness

4. In the novel, the Lethargarians give a whole day’s timetable of their activities. Can you guess what it would be like? Use your own ideas and prepare their timetable.

Question 1.
In the novel, the Lethargarians give a whole day’s timetable of their activities. Can you guess what it would be like? Use your own ideas and prepare their timetable.
Answer:
Timetable of Lethargarians

Time	Activities Scheduled
6.15 a.m. – 8.15 a.m.	Daydreaming
8.15 a.m. – 9.15 a.m.	Taking naps
9.15 a.m. – 10.15 a.m.	Dawdle and delay
10.15 a.m. – 11.15 a.m.	Bide their time
11.15 a.m. – 1.15 p.m.	Linger and loiter
1.15 p.m. – 2.15 p.m.	Put off for tomorrow what they could do today
2.15 p.m. – 3.15 p.m.	Loaf and lounge
3.15 p.m. – 4.15 p.m.	Dillydally
4.15 p.m. – 8.15 p.m.	Complain about busy schedule
8.15 p.m. – 10.15 p.m.	Complain again that there is almost no time for brooding, lagging plodding or procrastinating.
10.15 p.m.	Retire for the day

5. Try to write an interesting timetable for imaginary people or creatures.

Question 1.
Try to write an interesting timetable for imaginary people or creatures.
Answer:
Timetable of the Determinator alias “Team”

Time	Activities Scheduled
6.15 a.m. – 8.15 a.m.	Getting up and making a few resolutions
8.15 a.m. -9.15 a.m.	Exercise
9.15 a.m. -10.15 a.m.	Eat a healthy breakfast
10.15 a.m. – 11.15 a.m.	Planning of immediate tasks
11.15 a.m. – 1.00 p.m.	Execution of the task
1.00 p.m.-2.00 p.m.	Lunch break
2.00 p.m. – 3.00 p.m.	Afternoon siesta
3.00 p.m. – 4.00 p.m.	Tea break
4.00 p.m. – 8.15 p.m.	Continuation of the task
8.15 p.m.-9.00 p.m.	Taking stock of the day’s activities
9.00 p.m. -10.00 p.m.	Dinner
10.00 pm	Retire for the day

6. Activity.

Start a collection of new and interesting words. Write the words in coloured ink on cards of equal size and arrange them in alphabetical order. Try to use the words in your writing or conversation from time to time.

7. Discuss what makes the following sentences funny.

Question a.
Your wasted time will be refunded.
Answer:
We all know that time once lost is lost forever. The above lines from the lesson is funny because in the letter which was sent with the parcel along with other instructions, the above line too was included. This line is a continuation of the earlier part of the statement which said that results were not guaranteed and if not perfectly satisfied, your wasted time will be refunded. This impossible and improbable assurance makes it a funny statement.

Question b.
There was no highway attached to the booth.
Answer:
A highway is a main public road on which we find booths to make telephone calls or for toll collection. The tollbooth mentioned was erected by Milo. But there was no highway attached to the same. He wondered how a tollbooth could exist without a highway evoking laughter from the reader on the funny statement.

8. The following boxes represent a word or phrase through a special arrangement of letters. Guess the words.

Question a.
The following boxes represent a word or phrase through a special arrangement of letters. Guess the words.

Answer:

Question b.
Try to represent the words or phrases using such special graphic arrangement.
Answer:

9. Write a review of your favourite book.

Question 1.
Write a review of your favourite book. Use the following points:

1. Title of the book
2. Author/Authors
3. The central idea or story
4. The important characters
5. Some special features of the book
6. Why is it your favourite book?

Class 6 English Chapter 4.6 The Phantom Tollbooth Additional Important Questions and Answers

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar.

Question 1.
Complete the boxes with two nouns from the extract:
Answer:

Question 2.
What does the passage deal with?
Answer:
The passage deals with an extract from the novel “The Phantom Tollbooth” and a short review of the same.

Question 3.
Where did Milo find himself?
Answer:
Milo found himself speeding down a highway into an unknown territory.

Question 4.
Where did Milo’s journey begin from?
Answer:
Milo’s journey began from the land of expectations.

Question 5.
Where did Milo have many adventures?
Answer:
Milo had many adventures in the kingdom of wisdom.

Question 6.
Write any one adventure which Milo had in the kingdom of wisdom.
Answer:
Milo had to rescue the princesses Rhyme and Reason from castles of air.

Question 7.
Pick out a word from the passage which means:
a. an exciting and daring experience
b. huge fortified building
Answer:
a. adventure
b. castle

Question 8.
Give the adjective forms of:
Answer:

1. successful: success
2. school: scholastic

Question 9.
You must read the novel to find out. (Pick out the modal and state its function)
Answer:

1. Modal: must
2. Function: compulsion

Question 10.
Why should we read books?
Answer:
“Books are keys to wisdom’s treasure,
Books are roads to lands of pleasure”.

Books provide us with wisdom and it is also a pleasure time activity. It enhances our knowledge and helps to put our leisure time to good use. So we must read books. Let us pledge to “Read and Grow”.

Language Study.

Question 1.
Nothing really interested him. (State the word class of the underlined word)
Answer:
really – adverb

Question 2.
He couldn’t return the parcel. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
He couldn’t return the parcel, could he?

Question 3.
Results are not guaranteed. (Form a Wh- question to get the underlined part as the answer)
Answer:
What are not guaranteed?

Question 4.
It was a proper booth with windows and a roof and a coin box. (Pick out two Naming words/Nouns)
Answer:
Naming words/Noun windows; roof

Question 5.
Milo was not sure that this new game would turn out to be interesting. (Write the antonyms of the underlined word and rewrite the sentence)
Answer:
Milo was unsure whether this new game would turn out to be interesting.

Question 6.
He sat in his toy car. The part of the speech of the underlined word is pronoun/adjective.
Answer:
Adjective.

Question 7.
He had many adventures there. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
He – Subject
had many adventures there – Predicate

Question 8.
It is a fantasy. (Make it interrogative)
Answer:
Isn’t it a fantasy?

Question 9.
It has helped them to look at their school and studies in a new light. (Pick out the article)
Answer:
article – a

Question 10.
Provide anagrams for: was, but
Answer:
saw, tub

Question 11.
A Book Review:
Answer:
Gulliver’s Travels:
The book ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ by Jonathan Swift was first published in 1726.
The book is a collection of Lemuel Gulliver’s fascinating voyages all over the world. The Gulliver was a surgeon who travelled to different places from 1699 to 1715.
The book is divided into 4 parts, each part containing Gullievr’s experience in a different land.

1. Voyage to Liliput.
2. Voyage to Brobdingnag
3. Voyage to Laputa
4. Voyage to the country of Honyhnhnms

The kids love to read the story of Gulliver and his adventures in the six inches dwarf like Lilliputians. ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ is loved and read and re-read by children and adults since centuries.

The Phantom Tollbooth Summary in English

A classic of children’s literature, this book written by Norman Juster has an important message for children and it has also helped them to look at their school and studies with a fc** new insight, a new perspective.

Introduction:

The novel “The Phantom Tollbooth” (A book review) reviews the book written fifty years ago.

Glossary:

1. admitted (v) – accepted/confessed
2. intrigued (v) – aroused curiosity headed for
3. genuine (adj) – truly what it is said to be
4. precautionary (adj) – something done in advance
5. cartographers (n) – experts in map-drawing
6. depict (v) – represent in words or pictures
7. regulations (n) – rules for control
8. destination (n) – the place where one is headed for
9. territory (n) – an area
10. expectations (n) – things we regard as likely to happen
11. reuse (v) – to use something again
12. mission (n) – an important task
13. in a new light (n) – in a new perspective leading to better understanding

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.5 The Silver House Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.5 The Silver House

Class 6 English Chapter 2.5 The Silver House Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What do the following words in the poem mean?
(a) crown (b) round (c) draw (d) blind
Do these words have other meanings? List them.

Questio0n 1.
What do the following words in the poem mean?
(a) crown (b) round (c) draw (d) blind
Do these words have other meanings? List them.
Answer:

a. Crown: (in the poem) a princely ornament worn as a badge of royalty.
(Other meanings):

1. A wreath for the head given as a reward of victory.
2. The topmost part of the head.
3. An award gained by a victory.
4. An artificial replacement for the upper part of the tooth.

b. Round: (in the poem) spherical, having gentle curves
(Other meanings):

1. Complete, whole
2. Outspoken, plain and direct
3. Finished; polished; not defective or abrupt

c. Draw: (in the poem) to move something by pulling
(Other meanings):

1. To develop something (to sketch)
2. To pull out (as a gun from a holster).

d. Blind: (in the poem) window coverings
(Other meanings):

1. Unable to see
2. Closed at one end or having a dead end
3. Without prior knowledge

2. Find four pairs of rhyming words from the poem.

Question 1.
Find four pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:
The pairs of rhyming words in the poem are:

1. crown – down
2. way – say
3. blind – find
4. bare – there

3. In each of the following line, spot the sound that is used repeatedly.

Question 1.
There’s a silver house in the lovely sky.
Answer:
The sound of the letter ‘s’ is used repeatedly.

Question 2.
As round as a silver crown.
Answer:
The sound of the letter ‘a’ in the word ‘as’ is used repeatedly.

Question 3.
It takes two weeks to build it up. And two to pull it down.
Answer:
The sound of the letter ‘t’ is used repeatedly in the words ‘two’ and ‘to’. The sound of the letter ‘p’ is used repeatedly in the words ‘up’ and ‘puli’.

4. What is implied in the following phrases or lines?

Question a.
A silver house in the lovely sky.
Answer:
It is implied in this sentence that the ‘silver house’, is actually the moon in the sky.

Question b.
It takes two weeks to build it up.
Answer:
It is implied in this sentence that the two weeks that are used to build the ‘silver house’ up are the weeks that are required for the moon to complete its journey from the ‘new moon phase’ to the ‘full moon phase’ (waxing).

Question c.
And two to pull it down.
Answer:
It is implied in this sentence that the period of two weeks is the time taken by the moon to change from the ‘full moon phase’ to the ‘new moon phase’ (waxing).

5. Make a pair presentation’ of the poem, in the class.

Question 1.
Make a pair presentation’ of the poem, in the class.

6. The man in the moon is mentioned in many nursery rhymes and stories. When people see the spots on the surface of the moon, they imagine that it’s a human face, or the figure of a man who lives on the moon. Sometimes, other characters like rabbits are also imagined to live with the man. Here are two nursery rhymes about the man in the moon.

7. Are there any stories/legends about the moon or special names for the moon in your language? Talk to your friends and family members and collect this information.

Question 1.
Are there any stories/legends about the moon or special names for the moon in your language? Talk to your friends and family members and collect this information.
Answer:
Legend:
In the 1820s, the Bavarian astronomer Franz Von Paula Gruithuisen claimed to have glimpsed entire cities on the moon with his telescope. He wrote that the ‘lunarians who lived there had built sophisticated buildings, roads and forts. Most of his colleagues scoffed at his assertion, but he eventually got a small lunar crater named after him.

Sir William Herschel, a prominent British astronomer and composer, also thought aliens lived on the moon and made regular observations about the progress of their construction projects. In 1835, when the New York Sun published a series of fraudulent articles about the supposed existence of life on earth on the moon (pulling off the so-called “Great Moon Hoax”), it falsely credited Herschel’s son John, a famous astronomer in his own right, with the shocking discovery.

Special names of the moon in different languages:

• Sanskrit: Himanshu
• Marathi: Chandra ;
• Hindi: Chand ‘
• French: Lune German: Mond

(The students are expected to find out more legends and words on their own.)

8. Do you know any poem or song about the moon in your own language? Sing it in the class.

Question 1.
Do you know any poem or song about the moon in your own language?:Sing it in the class.

9. Form pairs. Write a poem with rhyming lines on at least one of the following:
the moon, stars, a tree, a flower, a river/luke, rain, the wind, clouds.

Question 1.
Form pairs. Write a poem with rhyming lines on at least one of the following:
the moon, stars, a tree, a flower, a river/luke, rain, the wind, clouds.
Answer:

• White (Poem in cloud)
• Swirling clouds and shimmering sunlight,
• Shifting in between dim and bright
• Could stare all day and just night,
• Spectacular delight,
• Unable to fight,
• Amazing night,
• Outranks night,
• Just right
• White.

Class 6 English Chapter 2.5 The Silver House Important Questions and Answers

Reading Skills and Poetic Device:

Read the following extract and answer the questions given below.

Question 1.
What is there in the lovely sky?
Answer:
There is a silver house in the lovely sky.

Question 2.
How much time does it take to build up and pull up the house?
Answer:
It takes two weeks to build up and pull down the silver house.

Question 3.
Who lives in the silver house? How is he?
Answer:
A man who seems to be lonely, whose name no one knows or no one likes to say; stays in the silver house.

Question 4.
What is the rhyme scheme of stanza 1 and 2?
Answer:
abed

Read the following extracts and answer the questions given below.

Question 1.
When and what should you do to find the lonely man?
Answer:
You should draw the blinds of the window and peep out at the silver moon at night in order to find the lonely man.

Question 2.
List the pair of rhyming words in this
stanza.
Answer:
The pair of rhyming words in this stanza is

• bare – there
• blind – find.

The Silver House Summary in English

Paraphrase:

The poet John Lea is comparing the silver house in the sky to a moon. He describes the different phases of the moon as the time to build up and pull down the said ‘Silver House’.

The poet talks about a man that lives in the ‘Silver House’ and how no one knows or talks about the man. The poet further advises us to draw the window blind at night, before calling it a day, in order to see the lonely man. John Lea, the poet, states that if you cease to find the poor man in the sky, it is because the ‘Silver House’ has been taken down. The ‘Silver House’ will of course not be there due to the moon being in the ‘new moon’ phase.

Introduction:

The poem The Silver House’ is a poem written by the poet John Lea that indirectly describes the phases of the moon. The poem describes a silver house which is as round as a silver crown in the sky which in fact, is the moon. The poem gradually explains that the house which actually is the moon, takes two weeks to build up and two weeks to pull down, which is the time the moon takes to change from the new moon phase to the full moon phase.

Glossary:

1. crown (n) – a silver coin that was used in England in the past
2. window blind (n) – a protective covering for the window. A window blind keeps out light.
3. taken down (ph) – pulled down, dismantled

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.3 A Wall Magazine for your Class! Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 English Solutions Chapter 2.3 A Wall Magazine for your Class!

Class 6 English Chapter 2.3 A Wall Magazine for your Class! Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Prepare a notice asking students to contribute towards the school magazine.
Answer:
PVR Public School, Mumbai
Notice
Class Wall Magazine

29th June, 2016

Students of Standard VI are invited to contribute towards the Wall Magazine to be put up in your class. You could get different articles from old newspapers or periodicals. You could also write short stories, poems, jokes, riddles and much more. All materials brought should be handed over to your class representatives. Hurry!! Come up with different ideas and make a unique Wall Magazine in your class.

Question 2.
Ways to plan a Wall Magazine.
Answer:

1. Create a theme – e.g., craft ideas, I need help, recipes, etc.
2. Gather material from students.
3. See which matter would fit the theme.
4. Use creativity in preparing the title.
5. Decide how to arrange the content.
6. Make the wall magazine colourful.
7. Avoid spelling mistakes.
8. Pictures and articles should be put in the right places.

Question 3.
Importance of Team Work
Answer:
A Wall Magazine teaches students how to cordially work in groups, bringing out the best in everyone. It inculcates values such as sharing, tolerance, acceptance, etc.

1. Brings about efficiency
2. Better understanding
3. Unique ideas
4. Brings out the best in each student
5. Makes work easier
6. Makes work fun

Question 4.
List of topics that can be included on a Wall
Answer:

1. Stories
2. Poems
3. Puzzles
4. Riddles
5. Craft ideas
6. Informative articles
7. Jokes I need help
8. Board games
9. Book reviews
10. Quizzes
11. Study tips
12. Health tips
13. Fashion tips
14. Beauty tips
15. Gardening tips
16. Recipes
17. Solve my problem
18. Science comer
19. Photography comer
20. Baby talk

You can add more to the list.

A Wall Magazine for your Class! Summary in English

Introduction:

A wall magazine is a must for every class. It encourages and motivates students to shed their inhibitions and contribute their share of talent towards the magazine. It is a wonderful way to encourage students to read, write and find articles to be put up on the wall magazine. The topics could range from stories, poems, puzzles, riddles, quizzes, games, study tips, health tips, gardening tips, fashion designing, science and recipes. This would be an activity where most students would love to participate.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery

Class 8 English Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up

1. Discuss in your class:

Question 1.
Do you like to study science?
Answer:
(Points: yes, no, the reasons why)

Question 2.
What are the advantages of learning science?
Answer:
(Points: knowledge, information- more career opportunities, etc.)

Question 3.
Are robots truly useful to human beings?
Answer:
(Points: yes, no, why – examples of robots you have read of, seen in movies, etc.)

Question 4.
How can we take the help of robots in our daily life?
Answer:
(Points: household chores – boring,monotonous work – heavy manual jobs very intricate, minute jobs – dangerous; jobs – operations, surgeries, etc.)

Question 5.
Name some gadgets and: appliances we use in day-to-day life.
Answer:
(Points: washing machine, mixer, grinder, gas stoves, TV, dishwasher, heaters, etc.)

2. Imagine that one of your family members I friends I classmates has recently undergone a surgery. You were curious and wanted to learn about his/her experience.
Match the questions you asked with their answers.

Question 1.
What health problem did you suffer from?
Answer:
I had fractured my ankle while playing hockey.

Question 2.
Whom did you Inform about It first?
Answer:
Our school hockey coach.

Question 3.
What type of doctor did you consult?
Answer:
I consulted an orthopedic surgeon.

Question 4.
How did he/she find out that you needed surgery?
Answer:
The doctor took an X-ray of my ankle, and he found a fracture In my ankle.

Question 5.
What preparation was done before the surgery?
Answer:
I was given a bath and I wore a surgical gown.

Question 6.
How did you feel when you were taken to the operation theatre?
Answer:
I was very nervous.

Question 7.
What was the first step before the actual surgery?
Answer:
I was given an injection of anesthesia.

Question 8.
Did you feel any pain during the surgery?
Answer:
No, I did not feel anything. I was fast asleep.

Question 9.
What did you feel when you opened your eyes after the operation?
Answer:
I was relieved and happy that the operation was over.

Question 10.
How soon did you recover?
Answer:
I recovered and I could walk normally after three weeks.

3. We have learned that sentences may have two, three or more sets of subject + predicate, joined by a conjunction. Each set of subject and predicate.
that is a part of a larger sentence is culled clause.
Separate the clauses in the following sentences and write the conjunction.

Question 1.
The thief stole the money and he ran away.
Answer:
Clause (i): The thief stole the money.
Clause (ii): he ran away
Conjunction: and

Question 2.
She told me that she was a doctor.
Answer:
Clause (i): She told me
Clause (ii): that she was a doctor
Conjunction: that

Question 3.
He ran fast but he did not win the race.
Answer:
Clause (i): He ran fast
Clause (ii): he did not win the race
Conjunction: but

Question 4.
The traveller arrived at the station after the train had left.
Answer:
Clause (i): The traveller arrived at the station
Clause (ii): after the train had left
Conjunction: after

4. Coordination
Observe the clauses in the following sentences.
(1) He is intelligent and he is hardworking.
(2) Asit was tired but he could not rest.
(3) You can go for a walk or you can exercise at home.
(4) Seerna has recovered from fever, so she can attend school.
Each of the above sentences have clauses which do not depend on each other for complete sense. They are called Independant or Co-ordinate clauses. They are joined by conjunctions like and, but, o, so. Such conjunctions are called Co-ordinators.
Other Co-ordinators are:

• as well as / not only but also
• yet / still I however / nevertheless
• or / nor / else / either or / neither nor
• so / therefore / thus / hence / for

From the sentences given in Activity 2 pick out two sentences having Co-ordinate Clauses. Point out the Co-ordinators:

Question 1.
I was given a bath and I wore a surgical gown.
Answer:
Coordinate Clause (i): I was given a bath.
Coordinate Clause (ii): I wore a surgical gown.
Conjunction: and

Question 2.
The doctor took an X-ray of my ankle and he found a fracture in my ankle.
Answer:
Coordinate Clause (i): The doctor took an X-ray of my ankle.
Coordinate Clause (ii): He found a fracture in my ankle.
Conjunction: and

1. Read the lesson and name the following:

Question a.
First surgeon to perform operations
Answer:
Sushruta

Question b.
Anaesthetics used from mid 19th century
Answer:
Ether and chloroform

Question c.
First successful Cardiac Surgeon
Answer:
Dr. Williams

Question d.
A sack around the heart
Answer:
pericardium

Question e.
Father of modern neurosurgery
Answer:
Harvey Cushing

Question f.
World’s most advanced surgical robot
Answer:
the Da Vinci.

2. Match the terms in ‘A’ with their explanation in ‘B’:

Question 1.

Answer:
(1) – (f).
(2) – (d).
(3) – (g).
(4) – (h).
(5) – (a).
(6) – (e).
(7) – (b).
(8) – (i).

3. Fill in the web with words related to ‘Surgery’:

Answer:

4. Write 3 to 4 lines about each of the following in your own words:

Question a.
Sushruta Samhita
Answer:
It is thought that Sushruta was probably the first surgeon to perform surgical operations, and the Sushruta Samhita is one of the oldest works In the world that deal with surgery.

Question b.
First Cardiac Surgery
Answer:
The first cardiac surgery was done by Dr Williams. A patient, James Cornish. was suffering from a very serious knife wound, and the knife had cut an artery less than an inch from his heart. It had punctured the pcricardium. Dr Williams and six staff doctors performed a complicated and daring operation and repaired the heart. This became the first successful cardiac surgery.

Question c.
First Neurosurgeon
Answer:
Harvey Cushing was the first neurosurgeon and is considered to be the father of modern neurological surgery. In the early part of the 20g” century, he developed basic techniques and instruments for operating on the brain. Cushing reduced the mortality rate for neurosurgery from 90% to less than 10%. By 1937, when he retired, he had successfully removed more than 2000 tumours. One of his most significant achievements was the development of a method to stem blood loss by inventing a clip called the ‘silver clip’ or the ‘Cushing clip’.

Question d.
The Robotic Surgery
Answer:
Robotic surgery is a type of minimal invasive surgery. Use Is made of miniature surgical Instruments, that fit through quarter-inch Incisions. Robotic surgery gives the surgeon a 3-D view of the operating site. Every movement he makes with the master controls Is replicated accurately by the robot. When necessary. the surgeon can even change the scale of the robot’s movements. Surgeons can use this technology to perform complex surgical procedures.

5. A. Fill in the gap in the table of Degrees of Comparison:

(1) old
(2) healthy
(3) near
(4) fine
(5) ancient

Answer:

(1) old	older	oldest
(2) healthy	healthier	healthiest
(3) near	nearer	nearest
(4) fine	finer	finest
(5) ancient	more ancient	most ancient

5. B. Adjectives which have more than two syllables (long words) take more and most before them to form Comparative and Superlative degrees:
For example : successful – Positive Degree
more successful – Comparative Degree
most successful – Superlative Degree
Give the Comparative and Superlative forms of:

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree	Superlative degree
(1)		Oldest
(2)	Healthier
(3) Near
(4)	Finer
(5)		Earliest
(6) Small
(7)	Faster
(8) High

Answer:

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree	Superlative degree
(1) Old	Older	Oldest
(2) Health	Healthier	Healthiest
(3) Near	Nearer	Nearest
(4) Fine	Finer	Finest
(5) Early	Earlier	Earliest
(6) Small	Smaller	Smallest
(7) Fast	Faster	Fastest
(8) High	Higher	Highest

6. Join the sentences using appropriate Co-ordinators. (but, or, so, and):

Question a.
There was lack of technology. Major surgery could not develop for centuries.
Answer:
There was lack of technology,so Major surgery could not develop for centuries.

Question b.
Cardiac Surgery was tried in the past. Patients did not survive.
Answer:
Cardiac Surgery was tried in the past butPatients did not survive.

Question c.
He places his fingers into the master controls. He operates all four arms of the Da vinci.
Answer:
He places his fingers into the master controls and He operates all four arms of the Da vinci.

Question d.
Open heart surgery can help to repair heart valves. It can also replace them.
Answer:
Open heart surgery can help to repair heart valves or It can also replace them.

Question e.
Heart patients were treated with sedatives. They did not survive.
Answer:
Heart patients were treated with sedatives but They did not survive.

Question f.
These procedures can be performed through very small incisions. Our patients experience a number of benefits.
Answer:
These procedures can be performed through very small incisions so Our patients experience a number of benefits.

7. Write in your notebook an imaginary telephonic conversation between you and your family – secretary, asking for an appointment to consult the doctor for a health problem you are suffering from. Begin with

Secretary: Good morning! This is XYZ Clinic. How can I help you?
Myself: Good morning! I am
(Now continue……)

Class 8 English Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery Additional Important Questions and Answers

Write if the following statements True or False:

Question 1.
General anaesthesia makes the whole body numb.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Daniel Williams was a young African American surgeon.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cardiac surgery was unknown after 1893.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Cardiac surgery relates to the nerves and brain.
Answer:
False

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Doctors began to use anesthesia:
Answer:
Doctors could not cut open the part of the body that was not healthy to remove or set right the part, for this would involve a lot of pain to the patient. Hence, doctors began to use general or local anaesthesia, which benumbs the whole body or part of the body. After this, the surgery could be done without pain to the patient.

Question 2.
Cardiac surgery had not developed:
Answer:
Cardiac surgery had not developed because doctors did not have modern medical tools and procedures essential for heart surgery.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Daniel Williams attempted a new medical technique in order to save a patient’s life.
(Pick out the subject and predicate.)
Answer:
subject – Daniel Williams
predicate – attempted a new medical technique in order to save a patient’s life

Question 2.
Sushruta was the first surgeon to perform surgical operations.
(Rewrite as a negative sentence.)
Answer:
No other surgeon had performed surgical operations before Sushruta.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
How do you feel when you are sick and have to go to a doctor?
Answer:
When I am sick and have to go to a doctor, I usually feel a little frightened that he may give me an injection or ask me to have a blood test. I also feel afraid that he may put me on a strict diet.

Name the following:

Question 1.
First successful Cardiac Surgeon:
Answer:
Dr. Williams

Question 2.
A sack around the heart:
Answer:
pericardium

Question 3.
Father of modern neurosurgery:
Answer:
Harvey Cushing

Question 4.
He was suffering from very serious knife wound:
Answer:
James Cornish

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Describe what kind of cardiac surgery is done nowadays.
Answer:
Nowadays, more advanced techniques are used to deal with heart complications. Open heart surgery, which helps to repair heart defects and heart valves and even replace them, is also performed successfully.

Question 2.
Explain who neurosurgeons operate upon and on what body parts.
Answer:
Neurosurgeons treat those who have disorders of the nervous system.
They can treat patients of all ages, from the newborn to the elderly, who have suffered a stroke. They operate on the brain, the spine, or the nerves.

Pick out the main clause and the subordinate clause in the following sentences:

Question 1.
Open heart surgery, which can help to repair heart defects, is also performed successfully.
Answer:
main clause: Open heart surgery is also performed successfully
subordinate clause: which can help to repair heart defects

Question 2.
They can treat patients of all ages who have suffered a stroke.
Answer:
main clause: They can treat patients of all ages.
subordinate clause: who have suffered a stroke

Personal Response:
Question 1.
Name a scientist whom you admire and say why you admire him/her.
Answer:
I admire the scientist Thomas Alva: Edison. He was an American inventor who has been described as America’s greatest inventor. He developed many devices that have greatly influenced our lives, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting electric light bulb.

Complete the following:

Question 1.
Da Vinci is the word’s ______.
Answer:
most advanced surgical robot

Question 2.
The Da Vinci’s miniaturized instruments are mounted on ______.
Answer:
three separate robotic arms

Question 3.
The surgeon controls the instruments from a ______.
Answer:
console located in the operating room

List the advantages of robotic surgery.
Answer:
The advantages of robotic surgery:

• Instead of operating on patients through large incisions, use is made of miniature surgical instruments, that fit through quarter inch incisions.
• Robotic surgery gives the surgeon a 3-D view of the operating site.
• Every movement the surgeon makes with the master controls is replicated accurately by the robot.
• When necessary, the surgeon can even change the scale of the robot’s movements.
• Surgeons can use this technology to perform complex surgical procedures.
• Since the incisions made are very small, the patients too benefit.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Our surgeons are able to perform a growing number of complex surgical procedures. (Pick out the non-Jlnite verbs and say what they are.)
Answer:
to perform – Infinitive;
growing – present participle

Question 2.
The surgeon controls these instruments and the camera from a console, located in the operating room.
(Pick out the prepositions.)
Answer:
from

Personal Response:

What are the qualities needed to be a doctor?
Answer:
To be a doctor, one must be very sincere, intelligent, hardworking and dedicated. A doctor must be prepared to work odd hours. He must be strong- minded and ready to face people who are in pain and distress, and who may be facing death. Finally, last but not the least, the main aim of a doctor should be to cure people. Money should be secondary.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the word chain of 5 nouns:
surgery → …….. → ………. → ……… →
Answer:
surgery → youth → happiness → strength → health

Question 2.
Pick out the antonyms of the following words from those given in brackets:
simple, increased (successful, complicated, reduced, invasive, separate)
Answer:
simple x complicated
increased x reduced

Question 3.
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order:
dramatically, mortality, disorders,magnified.
Answer:
disorders, dramatically, magnified, mortality.