Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Geography Important Questions Chapter 4 Climatic Regions Important Questions and Answers.
Maharashtra State Board 11th Geography Important Questions Chapter 4 Climatic Regions
Complete the chain.
Question 1.
| A | B | C | D |
| (1) Mediterranean climate | (1) Interior area of Asia | (1) Hot summer, very low rainfall | (1) Coniferous forest |
| (2) Equatorial rainforest climate | (2) Scandinavian countries and Siberia | (2) Cool summer, bitterly cold winters | (2) Scrubs and hardwood forest |
| (3) Tropical desert climate | (3) Amazon and Congo basins | (3) Moist winter and warm summer | (3) Dense and evergreen hardwood forest |
| (4) Taiga climate | (4) Central California and South Africa | (4) High temperature and convectional rainfall | (4) Xerophytic vegetation |
Answer:
| A | B | C | D |
| (1) Mediterranean climate | (4) Central California and South Africa | (1) Moist winter and warm summer | (1) Scrubs and hardwood forest |
| (2) Equatorial rainforest climate | (3) Amazon and Congo basins | (2) High temperature and convectional rainfall | (2) Dense and evergreen hardwood forest |
| (3) Tropical desert climate | (1) Interior area of Asia | (3) Hot summer, very low rainfall | (3) Xerophytic vegetation |
| (4) Taiga climate | (2) Scandinavian countries and Siberia | (4) Cool summer, bitterly cold winters | (4) Coniferous forest |
Question 2.
| A | B | C | D |
| (1) Tropical monsoon climate | (1) Between 10° and 20° N and S | (1) Summer temperatures around 35°C, rainfall averaging 250-1000 mm | (1) Tundra vegetation |
| (2) Tundra climate | (2) Between 45° to 65° N and S | (2) precipitation 500 to 2500 mm | (2) Tali thick grass with scattered trees |
| (3) Tropical savannah type of climate | (3) 65° to 90° N | (3) Summer temperature 27° to 32°, orographic rainfall | (3) Year-round short green grass, trees shed leaves in winter |
| (4) West European type | (4) Between 10° to 20° N and S | (4) Summer temperature 10°C! and winter temperature -20°C to -30°C | (4) Deciduous forest |
Answer:
| A | B | C | D |
| (1) Tropical monsoon climate | (1) Between 10° to 30° N and S | (1) Summer temperature 27° to 32°, orographic rainfall | (1) Deciduous forest |
| (2) Tundra climate | (2) Between 65° to 90° N | (2) Summer temperature 10°C and winter temperature -20°C to -30°C | (2) Tundra vegetation |
| (3) Tropical Savannah type of climate | (3) Between 10° to 20° N and S | (3) Summer temperatures around 35°C, rainfall averaging 250-1000 mm | (3) Tall thick grass with scattered trees |
| (4) West European type | (4) Between 45° to 65° N and S | (4) Mild cool summer, precipitation 500 to 2500 mm | (4) Year round short green grass, trees shed leaves in winter |
Choose the correct option by identifying the correct correlation in the sentences.
Question 1.
Bushmen tribe is found in ……………….
(a) Tropical deserts
(b) Highland
(c) Ice sheet
(d) Tundra
Answer:
(a) Tropical deserts
Question 2.
In Marine West European type climate …………………
(a) trees shed leaves during summers
(b) no vegetation
(c) swamps during melting of show
(d) trees shed leaves during winter
Answer:
(d) trees shed leaves during winter
Question 3.
Tundra climate is observed in the belt from ……………………
(a) near poles in both hemispheres
(b) 65° to 90° North
(c) 20° to 30° in both hemispheres
(d) 0° to 10° in both hemispheres
Answer:
(b) 65° to 90° North
Question 4.
Rainforest dense vegetation is …………………… layered vegetation.
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) one
Answer:
(b) three
Question 5.
Tropical monsoon climate is found within …………….. North and South of the equator.
(a) 10° to 30°
(b) 0° to 10°
(c) 30° to 60°
(d) 60° to 90
Answer:
(a) 10° to 30°
Question 6.
In India parts of the peninsular plateau and rain-shadow zone in Maharashtra has …………………. type of climate.
(a) Mediterranean
(b) Arid
(c) Tropical Savannah
(d) Mountain
Answer:
(c) Tropical Savannah
Question 7.
Rainfall in winter is a characteristic of …………………. climate.
(a) China type
(b) Marine West European
(c) Taiga
(d) Mediterranean
Answer:
(d) Mediterranean
Question 8.
The tribes of Greenland are ……………….
(a) Aborigines
(b) Inuits
(c) Bushmen
(d) Bedouin
Answer:
(b) Inuits
Question 9.
Terrace cultivation is a characteristic of ………………….. type of climate.
(a) mountain
(b) ice cap
(c) equatorial
(d) arid
Answer:
(a) mountain
Identify the correct correlation.
A : Assertion
R : Reasoning
Question 1.
A – In high mountains, large changes in mean temperatures occur over short distances.
R – Highland climates are governed by topography.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 2.
A – In ice cap climate extremely meagre precipitation in the form of snow is found.
R – Precipitation exceeds evaporation.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 3.
A – In Tundra region, the winter temperature is not as severe as the Taiga.
R – The Tundra is closer to the sea while Taiga is away from any ocean body.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 4.
A – In southern hemisphere permanent settlements are found around Taiga region.
R – Latitudinal location plays a great role in the climate.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(b) Only R is correct.
A – Rainforest are dense.
R – Constant high temperature and heavy convectional rainfall evenly distributed over the year.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Identify the incorrect factor.
Question 1.
Equatorial rainforests are observed in-
(a) Congo and Amazon basin
(b) Indonesia
(c) Malaysia
(d) South East Asia
Answer:
(d) South East Asia
Question 2.
Tropical desert or arid type climate is observed in-
(a) Philippines
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Coastal Chile
(d) Peru
Answer:
(a) Philippines
Question 3.
In China type or humid sub-tropical climate the following crops are grown-
(a) olives
(b) citrus fruits
(c) cotton
(d) tobacco
Answer:
(a) olives
Question 4.
In ice sheet regions the characteristics of climate is-
(a) snowfall
(b) frequent anticyclones
(c) precipitation exceeds evaporation
(d) winter rainfall
Answer:
(c) precipitation exceeds evaporation
Question 5.
The characteristics of the climate in tropical desert regions are-
(a) high humidity
(b) highest diurnal range of temperature
(c) precipitation less than 200 mm
(d) windy conditions
Answer:
(a) high humidity
Question 6.
The characteristics of the Mediterranean climate regions are-
(a) mild, moist winter
(b) warm, dry summer
(c) drizzle
(d) foggy coasts
Answer:
(c) drizzle
Question 7.
The characteristics of the China type climate regions are-
(a) frost in winter
(b) windy condition
(c) summer temperature 10°C
(d) winter temperature 0°C to 18°C
Answer:
(b) windy condition
Question 8.
The Taiga type of climate is observed in-
(a) New Zealand
(b) Scandinavian countries
(c) Northern part of North America
(d) Siberia
Answer:
(a) New Zealand
Question 9.
The Marine North Western type of climate is observed in-
(a) Siberia
(b) Canada
(c) New Zealand
(d) Australia
Answer:
(a) Siberia
Question 10.
The main economic activities of people in Tundra region is-
(a) hunting and fishing
(b) lumbering
(c) animal rearing
(d) mining
Answer:
(b) lumbering
Complete the table.
Answer:
Identify the correct Group
Question 1.
Tropical Monsoon climate.
(A) Within 0° to 10° N and S of equator
High annual rainy temperature
Rainfall 250 to 2500 mm.
Saline soil
(B) Within 10° to 30° N and S of equator
High annual range of temperature
Rainfall 250 to 2500 mm.
Iron rich soil in high rainfall zones
(C) Between 10° to 20° N and S latitude
High diurnal range of temperature
Rainfall 250 to 1000 mm.
Swamps
(D) Between 20° to 30° N and S latitude
High diurnal temperature
Scanty rainfall
Sandy soil
Answer:
B
Question 2.
Mediterranean climate regions.
(A) Central California
South and South West Australia
Cape Town
Central Part of Chile
(B) Canada
Western Europe
South East Australia
New Zealand
(C) Between 10° to 20° N and S latitude
High diurnal range of temperature
Rainfall 250 to 1000 mm.
Swamps
(D) Between 20° to 30° N and S latitude
High diurnal temperature
Scanty rainfall
Sandy soil
Answer:
A
Give geographical reasons.
Question 1.
Most natural regions are homogeneous ecosystem.
Answer:
- A natural region is a region which has common natural factors related to geography, geology and climate such as vegetation, animal resources etc.
- A natural region has same flora and fauna. For example, in tropical desert region xerophytes grow everywhere due to low rainfall resulting into shortage of water supply.
- From ecological point of view, the naturally available flora and fauna of this region are influenced by geographical as well as geological factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil. etc.
- Thus, most of the natural regions are homogeneous ecosystem.
Differentiate between.
Question 1.
Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Desert type of climate.
Answer:
| Tropical Monsoon | Tropical Desert | |
| Latitudinal extent | Within 10° to 30° North and South. | Found usually between 20° to 30° latitudes in both hemispheres. |
| Temperature | Summer temperature is around 27°C to 32°C while winter temperature is 15°C to 24°C. | Summer temperature around 30°C to 45°C, winter temperature around 20°C to 25°C. |
| Rainfall | Rainfall is between 250 to 2500 mm, excessively wet during rainy season. | Precipitation less than 200 mm. |
| Vegetation | Tropical rainforest, ranges from jungles to thorn forest in drier boundaries. | Xerophytic plants are found which can withstand extreme temperature. |
| Animal life | Large hooved leaf eaters and large carnivores like tigers. | Small, nocturnal, burrowing animals are found. |
| Human life | Agriculture is the main occupation of people of monsoon region. | Agriculture is practiced near oasis. |
| Regions of the world | Coastal areas of South West India and South East Asia, South West Africa, North East and South East Brazil, Northern part of Australia and part of Japan come under the monsoon winds. | Western coasts of all continents, large parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan and South West Haryana, Iran, interior parts of Asia, Coastal Chile, Peru, South-west Africa, interior Mexico, Baja California, North Africa, Namibia and parts of US. |
Equatorial Rainforests and Savannah Climatic Regions.
Taiga region
(7) Monsoon region
(8) Greenland
(9) Equatorial region
Answer:
Answer the following question by using the given map.
Question 1.
Name the climatic region along Mediterranean Sea.
Answer:
Mediterranean type of climate region.
Question 2.
Name the climate region along NW coast of Europe.
Answer:
West European type of climate region.
Question 3.
Name the island which has Ice sheet.
Answer:
Greenland island.
Question 4.
In which part of China, Chine type of climate is found?
Answer:
South eastern part of China.
Question 5.
Name the countries where Tundra type of climate is found.
Answer:
Northern part of Russia and Northern part of Canada and Alaska.
Write short notes on.
Question 1.
Equatorial Rainforest
Answer:
Equatorial region is located between 0° to 10° in both the hemisphere, that is on either side of the equator.
The Amazon basin of South America, Congo basin of Africa, East coast of Central America, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar, Philippines are included in this region.
This region has a unique climate. Being located along the equator, sunrays are vertical throughout the year. Therefore, the temperature is constantly high throughout the year, Average
The days and nights are of equal duration. This may be the only region in the world where there is no summer or winter seasons. Throughout the year there is high temperature and heavy rainfall, thus it has hot and wet climate.
This region has heavy rainfall almost daily. The ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) is an area of low pressure in this region due to high temperature and convectional currents. In ITCZ, North East and South East trade winds converge. They bring warm and humid air in this region. Due to convectional currents, moist air rises up, gets condensed and gives heavy rainfall every day. Rainfall is 2500 to 3000 mm, evenly distributed over the year.
Due to hot and wet climate, there is a luxuriant growth of the trees. Therefore, the trees are tall and forest have three layered vegetation. Due to heavy rainfall trees are evergreen. Thus, they are evergreen rainforest and they provide hardwood.
Due to dense forest growth, climbing and jumping animals like monkeys, as well as snakes, crocodiles are observed on marshy land. This region has rich biodiversity.
Due to heavy rainfall chemical weathering is more common than physical weathering, fertile elements of soil are washed away. only iron particles remain in the soil.
Tribal people live in this region with the help of hunting of birds and animals and food gathering activity. For example, pygmies in Congo basin of Africa.
Question 2.
Tundra region
Answer:
- In higher latitudes that is near the North pole Tundra climate region is located. It is only on the landmass of Antarctica in the Southern Hemisphere.
- The countries bordering Arctic Ocean, that is Northern part of North America, Greenland, Eurasia, Antarctic, Peninsula and islands in the polar region are included in this climatic region.
- This region has also unique climate. There is day light continuously for six months and night for six months.
- This region has long winters of 10 to 11 months and short summers of 1 to 2 months.
- This region is away from the equator, so sunrays are slanting, therefore summer temperature is around 10°C, but winters are severe, winter temperature is -20°C to -30°C. Due to low temperature there is low evaporation.
- There is no rainfall but there is snowfall. Average snowfall is 300 to 500 mm.
- Polar anticyclones, strong winds, snow storms, coastal fog are common.
- Due to low temperature hardly moss, lichen grow. In summer when snow melts some flowering plants grow.
- The main source of livelihood of people is hunting of seals, walrus, polar bear for collection of fur and meat, fishing and mining at some places. Main tribe in this region is Inuits.
Question 3.
Marine West European type climate
Answer:
- This region as the name suggests is located in the western part of the continent in the latitudinal belt of 45° to 65° N and S.
- Main countries included in this region are the countries of Western Europe, South Eastern Australia, New Zealand, Western Coastline of USA and Canada, Southern Chile, Southern Alaska.
- This region has mild to cool summer; average summer temperature is 20°C. Average winter temperature is 5°C. Winters are quite warm due to warm ocean current passing along the coastline.
- Due to nearness to sea, there is always high cloud cover and high humidity. Average rainfall is 500 to 2500 mm. Fog, frost and drizzle are common.
- Temperate deciduous trees grow, they shed leaves in winter. Coniferous trees grow on mountain slopes, short green grass grows throughout the year.
- Fishing, agriculture and animal rearing is the main occupation of the people.
Question 4.
Tropical monsoon climate
Answer:
- This region extends between 10° and 30° N and S latitudes.
- This region includes the countries of South East Asia, South West Africa, as well as coastal areas of South West India, North East and South East Brazil, Northern part of Australia and parts of Japan.
- This region has three distinctive seasons, summer, winter and rainy season, due to seasonal winds called monsoon winds.
- The summer temperature is 27°C to 32°C, winter temperature is 15°C to 24°C. Annual range of temperature is high.
- The average rainfall is 250 to 2500 mm. Most of the places receive orographic rainfall. The rainfall is mainly by South West monsoon winds.
- The climate is controlled by summer onshore and winter offshore wind movements related to shifting of ITCZ.
- Due to seasonal rainfall, deciduous forest grows, trees shed their leaves in summer. Heavy rainfall areas have equatorial forest, less rainfall areas have thorny vegetation. Herbivores and carnivores live in these forests.
- Main occupation of people is agriculture due to sufficient temperature, rainfall and fertile soil.
Answer in detail.
Question 1.
Write in brief about China type of climate.
Answer:
- China type of climate or humid sub-tropical climate is found along East coastal areas between 20° and 40° N and S.
- The countries of South East USA, South East part of South America, as well as Eastern Australia, South Africa, South china to South Japan and Easter Island in Chile.
- Summers are mild with temperature 10°C. Winters are cold. The temperature varies between 0°C to 18°C. There is frost in winter.
- Since these regions are located along the coastline, onshore humid air gives rainfall almost throughout the year. Cyclonic storms are in winter.
- Due to rainfall throughout the year, there is mixed forest growth. Coniferous forests grow on mountain slopes. Lower slopes of mountains are covered with grass.
- Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. Main crops grown are rice, wheat, corn, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, and citrus fruits.
Question 2.
Explain the Highland or Mountain type climate.
Answer:
- This type of climate is found in all latitudes where there are mountains or highlands.
- The main areas are mountainous area of Asia, Central Europe, Western North and South America and highlands of Africa.
- Climate of these regions depend upon the altitude of mountains, highlands, their location on forward and windward slope, their slopes facing the sun etc.
- In general, mountain/highland region has low temperature since temperature decreases with increase in height.
- Most of the mountains receive orographic rainfall specially if they are near the coastline. For example, Western Ghats in India receive orographic rainfall by South West monsoon winds.
- In general, there is snowfall on higher part or slopes of mountains. There is permanent snow cover on the top of mountain. For example, Himalayas are snow covered in their upper part.
- Generally coniferous forests grow on the upper slopes of mountains that is below snow line. The lower slopes are covered with evergreen or deciduous forests depending on amount of rainfall.
- Main occupation is animal rearing with the help of pastures on mountain slopes. Due to beautiful scenery of the region tourism is developed in most of the mountainous areas. Agriculture is practiced on terraces slopes.