Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis

Class 7 History Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the related word:

Religious Synthesis Class 7 Questions And Answers  Question 1.
Shri Basaveshwar : Karnataka
Meerabai : ……………………. .
Answer:
Mewad

Religious Synthesis Class 7  Question 2.
Ramananda : North India
Chaitanya Maha Prabhu : …………… .
Answer:
Bengal

Question 3.
Shri Chakradhar : ………………. .
Shankaradeva : ………………… .
Answer:
(a) Mahanubhav Panth
(b) Bhakti Movement

2. Make a chart to show the people and works related to

Bhakti movement
Mahanubhav Panth
Sikhism
Answer:

S.no	movements		People		Contribution
(1)	Bhakti Movement	(a)	Ramanuja and other Acharyas	(a)	Strengthened the base of Bhakti movement in South India.
		(b)	Sant Ramanand	(b)	Strengthened Bhakti movement in North India.
		(c)	Sant Kabir	(c)	He did not believe in rituals. For him truth
					was God. Preached equality and wanted to bring about Hindu and Muslim unity. He criticised orthodox people in strong terms.
		(d)	Chaitanya Mahaprabhu	(d)	Underlined the importance of Krishnabhakti. Due to his teachings people joined the Bhakti movement transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.
		(e)	Shankaradeva	(e)	Spread Bhakti movement in Assam.
		(f)	Narsi Mehta	(f)	Vajshnawa Sant from Gujarat, he gave the message of equality.
		(g)	Sant Mirabai	(g)	Stressed on the importance of devotion to Krishna and gave the message of devotion, tolerance and humanity.
		(h)	Sant Rohidas	(h)	Gave the message of equality and humanity.
		(i)	Basaveshwar	(i)	Spread the lingayat stream of thought. He opposed caste system and emphasised on dignity of labour.
		(j)	Pamp, Purandardasa and others.	(j)	Composed devotional verses in Kannada.
(2)	Mahanubhav Panth	(a)	Chakradhar Swami	(a)	Preached devotion to Krishna Supported equality Preached in Marathi leading to the development of the Marathi language.
(3)	Sikhism	(a)	Guru Nanak	(a)	(1)  The founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs. He attempted to bring about religious synthesis and aimed to achieve Hindu-Muslim unity. (2) Emphasized on equality and chaste behaviour. (3) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.

3. Write about it in your own words.

Question 1.
Sant Kabir became a renowned sant in the Bhakti movement.
Answer:

• Sant Kabir opposed rituals. He did not attach any importance to places of pilgrimage, Vratas or idol worship.
• He believed that truth was God.
• He believed in equality opposed differences based on caste, creed, sect and religion.
• He advocated Hindu and Muslim unity and strongly criticised the extremely orthodox people belonging to both Hindu and Muslim religion.
• The impact of Sant Basaveshwar’s work on society.
• Shri Basaveshwar from Karnataka spread the lingayat stream of thought. He preached in Kannada, the language of the people.
• He opposed caste system and stressed on the value of Dignity of Labour.
• Encouraged by his teachings, men and women belonging to all castes began to participate in the religious discussions.
• His followers composed their work in Marathi also.
• His work had a great impact on the society.

4. Complete the following names.

Question 1.
G _ _ _ G _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh

Question 2.
S _ _ _ _ S _
Answer:
Surdasa

Question 3.
G _ _ _ N _ _ _ _
Answer:
Guru Nanak

Question 4.
M _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ m _
Answer:
Manmath Swami

Question 5.
M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i
Answer:
Mirabai

Question 6.
R _ _ _ n _ n _
Answer:
Ramanand

Question 7.
K _ _ i _
Answer:
Kabir

Question 8.
P _ _ p
Answer:
Pamp

Activity

Obtain a devotional song in the tradition of Sufi music and present it in a cultural programme.

Class 7 History Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
The Bhakti movement used the common people’s language instead of _____ (Hindi, Prakrit, Sanskrit)
Answer:
Sanskrit

Question 2.
It is believed that the Bhakti movement originated in ________. (South India, North India, North-East)
Answer:
South India

Question 3.
The _______ were devotees of Shiva. (Alawars, Naynars, Mahanubhav Panth Sect)
Answer:
Naynars

Question 4.
The Alawars were devotees of _______ .(Krishna, Shiva, Vishnu)
Answer:
Vishnu

Question 5.
In _______ , Chaitanya Mahaprabhu underlined the importance of Krishnabhakti. (Bengal, Assam, Gujarat)
Answer:
Bengal

Question 6.
Narsi Mehta was renowned Vaishnawa Sant in _________ (Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan)
Answer:
Gujarat

Question 7.
Belonging to the royal family of Mewad, Sant Mirabai stressed on the importance devotion to ______ (Vishnu, Krishna, Shiva)
Answer:
Krishna

Question 8.
In _______, Basaveshwar spread the lingayat stream of thought. (Karnataka, Punjab, Maharashtra)
Answer:
Karnataka

Question 9.
In the ,______ Chakradhar Swami founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra. (thirteenth century, fifteenth century, seventeenth century)
Answer:
thirteenth century

Question 10.
______ was the founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of the Sikhs. (Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Nanak)
Answer:
Guru Nanak

Question 11.
The _______ saints believed that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through devotion. (Sufi, Sikhism, Bhakti)
Answer:
Sufi

Question 12.
_______ music has made valuable contribution to Indian Music. (Carnatic, Classical, Sufi)
Answer:
Carnatic

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Surdasa	(a) Verses of Krishnabhakti
(2) Sant Raskhan	(b) Ramcharita Manasa
(3) Sant Tulsidas	(c) Paramarahasya
(4) Manmath Swami	(d) Sursagar

Answer:
1 – d
2 – a
3 – b
4 – c

Write the related word:

Question 1.
Shri Basaveshwar: Karnataka
Sant Narsi Mehta: ________.
Answer:
Gujarat

Question 2.
Guru Nanak: The First Guru
Guru Gobind Singh: ______.
Answer:
Tenth Guru

Name the following:

Question 1.
Practices which’were greatly emphasized in Indian religious life initially.
Answer:
(a) Rituals
(b) Brahmadnyan

Question 2.
The path of devotion which facilitated religious synthesis.
Answer:
Bhakti Marg

Question 3.
The two Bhakti movements which emerged in South India.
Answer:
(a) The Naynar Bhakti Movement
(b) The Alawar Bhakti Movement

Question 4.
Values preached by the Bhakti Movement.
Answer:
(a) Love of God
(b) Humanity
(c) Compassion
(d) Mercy

Question 5.
He and other Acharyas strengthened the base of the Bhakti movement in South India.
Answer:
Ramanuja

Question 6.
One who strengthened the Bhakti movement in North India.
Answer:
Sant Ramanand

Question 7.
Well-known Sant in the Bhakti movement who did not attach any importance to places of pilgrimage, Vratas or idol worship.
Answer:
Sant Kabir

Question 8.
In Bengal due to his teachings, people joined the Bhakti movement by transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.
Answer:
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Question 9.
He spread the Bhakti movement in Assam.
Answer:
Shankaradeva

Question 10.
Renowned Vaishnawa Sant in Gujarat who is known as the first poet of the Gujarati language.
Answer:
Narsi Mehta

Question 11.
From the Royal family of Mewad, her devotional verses give the message of devotion, tolerance and humanity.
Answer:
SantMirabai

Question 12.
In Karnataka he spread the lingayat stream of thought.
Answer:
Shri Basaveshwar

Question 13.
Shri Basaveshwar conveyed his teachings in Kannada through this medium.
Answer:
Vachana literature

Question 14.
Any two Great Sants of Karnataka
Answer:
(a) Pamp
(b) Purandardasa

Question 15.
In the thirteenth century he founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami

Question 16.
The Guru of Chakradhar Swami.
Answer:
Shri Govind Prabhu

Question 17.
The founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Nanak

Question 18.
The followers of Guru Nanak.
Answer:
Sikhs

Question 19.
The Holy Book of the Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Granth Sahib also known as ‘Aadigrantha’.

Question 20.
Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh

Question 21.
The sect in Islam which believes that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through love and devotion.
Answer:
Sufi Sect

Question 22.
Two great Sufi Saints.
Answer:
(a) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisfi
(b) Shaikh Nijamuddin Avaliya

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the important characteristic of the Indian society?
Answer:
Diversity in language and religion is an important characteristic of the Indian society.

Question 2.
Write about the efforts which have a significant place in bringing about religious synthesis in social life.
Answer:
Among the other efforts, the Bhakti movement, Sikhism and the Sufi Sect have a significant place in bringing about religious synthesis.

Question 3.
What did the different streams of thought that arose in different parts of India emphasise upon?
Answer:
The different streams of thought that arose in different parts of India emphasised upon harmony between different sects and religions along with devotion to God.

Question 4.
How did the Bhakti movement help in the development of regional languages?
Answer:
The Bhakti movement used the common people’s language instead of Sanskrit and this helped in the development of regional languages.

Question 5.
What did Ramanuja and other Acharyas tell the people?
Answer:
Ramanuja and other Acharyas told the people that God is for all and that God does not discriminate.

Question 6.
What was the impact of the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu from Bengal?
Answer:
Due to the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, people joined the Bhakti movement transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.

Question 7.
Which value did Shri Basaveshwar stress on and what is his well-known saying?
Answer:
Basaveshwar stressed on the value of Dignity of Labour and his well-known saying is ‘Kayakave Kailas’ which means ‘Work is Kailas’ (Work is worship).

Question 8.
Who founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra? When?
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra in the thirteenth century.

Question 9.
How did Chakradhar Swami contribute to the development of the Marathi language?
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami preferred to preach in Marathi instead of Sanskrit and this led to the development of the Marathi language.

Question 10.
What did the teachings of Guru Nanak aim at?
Answer:
The teachings of Guru Nanak aimed at achieving Hindu-Muslim unity.

Question 11.
What does ‘Aadigrantha’ the Holy Book of the Sikhs include?
Answer:
The ‘Aadigrantha’ the Holy Book of the Sikhs includes compositions by Guru Nanak, Sant Namdeo, Sant Kabir and other sants.

Question 12.
What does the Sikhs regard as their Guru? Why?
Answer:
After Guru Gobind Singh, Sikhs regard ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ as their Guru as per the orders of Guru Gobind Singh.

Question 13.
What did the Sufi saints believe in?
Answer:
The Sufi saints believed that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through love and devotion.

Question 14.
What are the main teachings of the Sufi > Saints?
Answer:
The main teachings of the Sufi Saints are love for all living beings, meditation and simple living.

Question 15.
What did the teachings of the Sufi Saints lead to?
Answer:
The teachings of Sufi Saints led to unity in the Hindu and Muslim communities.

Write about it in your own words:

Question 1.
Guru Nanak’s thoughts on religious equality.
Answer:

• Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs. He worked towards religious synthesis.
• Having visited the holy places of both Hindus and Muslims, he realised that the feeling of devotion is common in all religion.
• He emphasised on equality and chaste behaviour and aimed to achieve Hindu- Muslim unity through his teachings.

Question 2.
The Sufi sect.
Answer:

• The Sufi sect is an Islamic sect which believes that God is full of love and can be reached only through love and devotion.
• Their main teachings are love for all living beings, meditation and simple living.
• The teachings of Sufi Saints led to unity in the Hindu and Muslim communities.
• Sufi music has made valuable contribution to Indian music.

Complete the following diagram:

Question 1.

Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj

Class 7 History Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the following chart:

Question 1.

	Village (Mauja)	Kasba	Pargana
What it means	………	………….	………….
Officers	……………..	……………..	……………..
Example	………..	…………..	…………….

Answer:

	Village (Mauja)	Kasba	Pargana
What it means	A small village	A big village	Group of Villages
Officers	Patil Kulkarni	The Shete The Mahajan	The Deshmukh TheDeshpande
Example	Bavdhan	Wai Kasba of Wai Pargana	The Pune Paragana

2. Write the meaning:

Maharashtra Before The Time Of Shivaji Maharaj Question Answer Question 1.
Budruk
Answer:
(i) ‘Badruk’ is a suffix added to the name of the village, which indicated that the village was independent.
(ii) The original town was called Budruk.
(iii) Example: Vadgaon Budruk.

Maharashtra Before Shivaji Question 2.
Baluta
Answer:
(i) A share of the agricultural produce paid by peasants to the artisans for their services to the villagers.
(ii) This share was known as Baluta.

Maharashtra Before The Times Of Shivaji Maharaj Question 3.
Vatan
Answer:
Vatan is an Arabic word. In Maharashtra it is used to refer to hereditary land to which the holder does not have to pay revenue.

3. Find out and write:

Maharashtra Before Shivaji Maharaj Question 1.
People from Africa who had settled along the Konkan coastline –
Answer:
Siddi

Maharashtra Before Shivaji Question Answer Question 2.
The author of ‘Amrutanubhav’ –
Answer:
Sant Dnyaneshwar

Maharashtra Before Shivaji, Question And Answer Question 3.
The place where Sant Tukaram belonged to –
Answer:
Dehu near Pune

Question 4.
He composed Bharuds –
Answer:
Sant Eknath

Question 5.
He explained the importance of physical fitness
Answer:
Sant Ramdas

Question 6.
Women Sants –
Answer:
Sant Soyrabai, Sant Nirmalabai, Sant Muktabai, Sant Janabai

4. Write about these personalities and their work in your own words:

Question 1.
Sant Namdeo
Answer:

• Sant Namdeo was a great saint of the Varkari movement.
• He awakened the sense of equality in men and women belonging to all castes through the medium of his excellent Keertan.
• His abhanga compositions are well-known.
• He travelled to Punjab and propagated his thoughts.
• His compositions are included in the ‘Guru Grant Sahib’ of the Sikhs.
• He propagated the message of Bhagwat religion (from village to village) in all quarters.

Question 2.
Sant Dnyaneshwar
Answer:

• Sant Dnyaneshwar wrote the ‘Bhavartha- deepika’ or ‘Dnyaneshwari’.
• He also composed Amrutanubhav.
• He showed a simple way of worship and conduct which the common people could follow easily.
• His ‘Pasayadaan in Dnyaneshwari uplifts the mind.

Question 3.
Sant Eknath
Answer:

• His compositions include abhanga, gavalana, bharud, etc.
• He had stated the Bhagvat Dharma in detail in a simple manner.
• His abhangas show the warmth of devotion.
• He presented people’s life in Bhavarth Ramayana.
• He believed that the Marathi language was inferior to no other language.

Question 4.
Sant Tukaram
Answer:

• Sant Tukaram belonged to Dehu near Pune.
• His compositions or abhangas are very pleasing and lucid, reaching the greatest poetic heights.
• His ‘Gatha’ is a precious treasure of the Marathi language.
• He freed many poor families from the bonds of loan.
• He criticized the prevalent hypocrisy and superstitions in the society.

5. Why were droughts a great calamity for the people?
Answer:
The droughts were a great calamity for the people because:

• The prices of food grain had risen.
• There was a severe scarcity of food grains.
• Entire families were destroyed.
• There was no fodder for cattle.
• Water became scarce.
• Cattle and farm animals died.
• Agriculture was completely ruined.
• All financial transactions came to a standstill.

Activities

1. Plan how you will help a Varkari Dindi.
2. Dress up as Sants and present their compositions.

Class 7 History Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
______ was made up of many villages. (Mauja, Kasba, Pargana)
Answer:
Pargana

Question 2.
The chief of the village was the ______ (Patil, Kulkarni, Mahajan)
Answer:
Patil

Question 3.
The ______ was the chief of Patils in Pargana. (Deshpande, Deshmukh, Kulkarni)
Answer:
Deshmukh

Question 4.
The compositions of _______ are included in the ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ of Sikhs. (Sant Namdeo, Sant Eknath, Sant Tukaram)
Answer:
Sant Namdeo

Question 5.
__________ was the main occupation of people. (Fishing, Pottery, Agriculture)
Answer:
Agriculture

Question 6.
Pune was a big Pargana consisting of ______ villages. (64,290,40)
Answer:
290

Question 7.
‘Amrutanubhav’ was composed by _______ . (Sant Eknath, Sant Namdeo, Sant Dnyaneshwar)
Answer:
Sant Dnyaneshwar

Question 8.
A great famine occured in Maharashtra in ________ CE. (1630,1635,1648)
Answer:
1630

Question 9.
The Mahajan maintained the accounts of the _______. (Kasba, Peth, Mauja)
Answer:
Peth

Question 10.
________ is a precious treasure of the Marathilanguage. (Gatha, Abhanga, Keertans)
Answer:
Gatha

Question 11.
The headquarters of a pargana was called _______. (Peth, Kasba, Mauja)
Answer:
Kasba

Question 12.
Sant Dnyaneshwar’s _______ in Dnyaneshwari uplifts the mind. (Pasayadaan, Gaulana, Gatha)
Answer:
Pasayadaan

Question 13.
________ was at the centre of the Sant movement. (Pandharpur, Dehu, Peth)
Answer:
Pandharpur

Question 14.
________ criticized the hypocrisy and superstition in the society in very strong terms. (Sant Tukaram, Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Eknath)
Answer:
Sant Tukaram

Question 15.
______officers were the link between the people and the government. (Mahajan, Watandar, Kasba)
Answer:
Watandar

Question 16.
A ______ was a big village and the headquarters of the Pargana. (Kasba, Mauja, Peth)
Answer:
Kasba

Question 17.
Chakan Pargana had _______ villages and Shirwal had only ______ villages.
(64, 40, 290)
Answer:
64, 40

Question 18.
Sant _______ composed abhanga, gavalana, bharud, etc. (Eknath, Namdeo, Dnyaneshwar)
Answer:
Eknath

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) The Deshmukh (2) The Deshpande (3) The Kulkarni (4) The Patil	(a)   Maintained peace in the village. (b)     Maintained record of the revenue. (c)   Chief of the Kulkarnis. (d)  Chief of the Patils.

Answer:
1 – d
2 – c
3 – b
4 – a

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Mauja	(a) A big village
(2) Kasba	(b) A small village
(3) Pargana	(c) A market
(4) Peth	(d) Many villages together

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d
4 – c

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Sant Namdeo	(a) He composed the ‘Amrutanubhav’.
(2) Sant Dnyaneshwar	(b) He built a memorial to Sant Chokhamela at Pandharpur.
(3) Sant Eknath	(c) His Gatha is a precious treasure of Marathi language.
(4) Sant Tukaram	(d) He believed that the Marathi language was inferior to no other language.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d
4 – c

Find out and write:

Question 1.
The headquarters of a Pargana –
Answer:
Kasha

Question 2.
Watandars of the Peth –
Answer:
The Shete and the Mahajan

Question 3.
A peth established in the name of Shivaji Maharaj –
Answer:
Shivapur

Question 4.
He was from Jamb in Marathwada –
Answer:
Ramdas Swami

Explain the meanings of:

Question 1.
Abhanga
Answer:
Abhanga is a form of devotional poetry sung in praise of the Hindu God.

Question 2.
Dnyaneshwari
Answer:
Dnyaneshwari is the first book to describe the translation of Bhagavad Gita from Sanskrit to Marathi.

Question 3.
Kasba
Answer:
A Kasba was like a big village. It was usually the headquarters of a Pargana. For e.g. Wai kasba of Wai parganas were the headquarter of those Parganas.

Question 4.
Watandar Officers
Answer:
Watandar officers were the link between the people and the government.

Answer the following question in one sentence:

Question 1.
What work did Sant Dnyaneshwar compose?
Answer:
Sant Dnyaneshwar composed Bhavartha-deepika or Dnyaneshwari and Amrutanubhav.

Question 2.
How were the compositions or abhangas of Sant Tukaram?
Answer:
The compositions or abhangas of Sant Tukaram were very pleasing and lucid thereby reaching the greatest poetic heights.

Question 3.
Who were the disciples of Sant Tukaram?
Answer:
Sant Tukaram’s disciples were of different castes and creeds.

Question 4.
Name a few associates of Sant Tukaram.
Answer:
The associates of Sant Tukaram included Navji Mali, Gavnarshet Wani, Shivba Kasar, Santaji Jagnade, Mahadajipant Kulkami and Bahinabai Siurkar.

Question 5.
What was the duty of the Patil in the village?
Answer:
The duty of the Patil was to settle any disputes and maintain peace.

Question 6.
What was Baluta?
Answer:
The peasants gave a share of their agricultural produce to the artisans for their services to the village community. This share was known as Baluta.

Question 7.
Who were the Deshmukhs and Deshpandes?
Answer:
The Deshmukhs and the Deshpandes were the Watandar officers of the Pargana. The Deshmukh was the chief of Patils and the Deshpande was the chief of Kulkamis in the Pargana.

Question 8.
Who were called ‘Topikar’?
Answer:
The Portuguese, the British, the French and the Dutch who had come from Europe were facing intense rivalry during the period. There was stiff competition amongst them to capture the market for trade. These different people from Europe on the basis of their customary headgear were called ‘Topikar’.

Question 9.
Which European powers had a stiff competition amongst them to capture the markets for trade in Maharashtra?
Answer:
The Portuguese, Dutch, British and the French had a stiff competition amongst them to capture the markets for trade in Maharashtra.

Question 10.
Which social evils greatly influenced society in the times before Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
Blind beliefs and rituals greatly influenced society in the times before Shivaji Maharaj.

Answer the following in brief:

Question 1.
Who were the Watandars and how did they misuse their power?
Answer:
(i) Watandars were the officers. They were the link between the people and the government.
(ii) At the time of invasion from the enemy or drought, they represented the grievance to the government.
(iii) Sometimes, watandars collected more money from the people and did not send it to the government in time.
(iv) So, the people suffered harassment.

Question 2.
Contribution of the Sants:
Answer:
(i) Sants gave the message of equality and taught humanity.
(ii) They preached that people should live together in harmony, unity and love.
(iii) They created self confidence, amongst the people of Maharashtra.
(iv) They taught the true meaning of religion.
(v) They showed the path of devotion by living amongst the people and sharing their joys and sorrow.

Let’s Discuss:

Collect more information about the Pandharpur Vari and discuss the following topic.
Question 1.
In which month do the Varkaris go on the vari?
Answer:
On Ashadhi Ekadashi, that is in the month of July.

Question 2.
How is the vari planned?
Answer:
(i) The whole group is divided into sub group called as Dindi.
(ii) Each Dindi has 100 to 500 members.
(iii) The Palkhi is at the centre of the vari and the Dindi are ahead.
(iv) The time table of vari route is published in advance and followed.
(v) All the details are given before, the locations, breaks including lunch, rest, night stay location etc.
(vi) Every dindi has one truck or vehicle to carry luggage and food material.
(vii) The tents are set up and food is prepared before the dindi arrives at the location.
(viii) The dindi’s even decides the sequences of the Abhang to be sung.
(ix) The Doctors also devote 21 days in the Vari and take care of the members health.
In this way the Vari is well planned in advance.

Question 3.
Plan how you will help a Varkari Dindi
Answer:
(i) Arranging drinking water on the route for the Varkaris.
(ii) I will make a list of the things which needs to be arranged and then make the necessary arrangements accordingly.

Question 4.
A few lines said by the Sants have been given in Marathi in this chapter. Try to find their meaning by taking the help of your teacher, parents, internet, books, etc.
Answer:
(i) Translation: Dance to the time of Keertans. Light the lamps of knowledge in the world.
Meaning: Sant Namdeo asks to spread knowledge in the world through Keertans.

(ii) Translation: Sanskrit language is made by God Then is Prakrit made by thieves?
Meaning: The scriptures were in Sanskrit and only priests could read scriptures in Pre-Shivaji’s times. Sant Eknath said that all languages were languages of God.

(iii) Translation: The one who calls the tormented and unhappy people as their own, Only he is a true saint. There is God only there.
Meaning: Sant Tukaram says that a true saint calls the weak and tormented people as their own. And God resides only at such places.

(iv) Translation: Gather wealth by ideal actions, spend it seriously
Meaning: Sant Tukaram says that a person should not earn by wrong methods and should not spend wealth carelessly.

(v) Translation: Tukaram says only he is a saint who shares sorrows of the world.
Meaning: Sant Tukaram says that only a person who reduces the sorrow from this world is a true saint.

(vi) Translation: Onions, raddish, vegetables, There resides my God.
Meaning: Sant Sawata says in these lines that God resides in all things in life including farm work.

(vii) Translation: Gather all the Marathas, Propagate Maharashtra religion.
Meaning: Ramdas Swami asks the Maratha people to be united and spread their culture.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 3.4 The Brook Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 3.4 The Brook

Class 7 English Chapter 3.4 The Brook Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud with proper pace and rhythm.

2. Find the meaning of the following words.

1. ridges: Long narrow hill to or range (mountain bridges.
2. brimming: full of the margin/over followed. Full of water up to the to pledge.
3. eddying: spiral movement of water.
4. babble: meaningless talking/sound made when ones talk loudly
5. fallow: wasteland/left land
6. trout: A big freshwater fish
7. netted: Form of a net.

3. Answer the following.

The Brook Question Answers Class 7 Question 1.
Who is the speaker in this poem?
Answer:
The brook is the speaker in this poem.

The Brook Poem Class 7 Question 2.
Which lines are repeated in the poem? What do they mean?
Answer:
The lines ‘For men may come and men may go, But I go on forever’ are repeated. They mean that nature is immortal whereas we are mortal. Men are born and will die but nature is eternal.

3.4 The Brook Question 3.
Where does the brook join the river?
Answer:
The brook joins the river near Philip’s farm.

The Brook Poem Class 7 Solutions Question 4.
Mention the various places that the brook flows past.
Answer:
The brook flows past the dwellings of coot and hern, the ferns, a town, villages, valleys, hills, ridges, several bridges and Philip’s farm.

English Brook Class 7 Solutions Question 5.
Often the brook speaks of itself as if it is human. For example, ‘I bicker down a valley’. Find two other examples of the human activities of the brook.
Answer:
1. I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance.
2. I murmur under moon and stars.

4. Spot and write any three alliterative phrases or sentences from the poem.

The Brook Poem Std 7 Question Answer Question 1.
Spot and write any three alliterative phrases or sentences from the poem. (Alliterative phrases/sentences are those in which the same sound is repeated.)
Answer:
1. I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance.
Sound of ‘s’ and ‘g’ is repeated.
2. I bubble into eddying bays.
I babble on the pebble.
Sound of ‘b’ is repeated.
3. By many a field and fallow.
Sound of ’f’ is repeated.

5. List the prepositions you find in this poem.

The Brook Poem Question And Answers Class 7 Question 5.
List the prepositions you find in this poem.
Answer:
from, among, to, in, with, etc.

6. List the phrases which have the expression ‘many a…’.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Question 6.
List the phrases which have the expression ‘many a…’.
Answer:
many a curve, many a fairy foreland, many a silvery water break.

7. The poet uses words to create pictures or ‘images’ in the reader’s mind.

3.4 The Brook Question Answer Question 7.
The poet uses words to create pictures or ‘images’ in the reader’s mind. For example, ‘And sparkle out among the fern’. Write down other lines that create images or pictures in your mind. (Any 3)
Answer:

1. By twenty thorpes, a little town An half a hundred bridges.
2. By thirty hills I hurry down, or slip between the ridges.
3. I make the netted sunbeam dance Against my sandy shallows.

8. Write a short autobiography of a brook.

The Brook Class 7 Question 8.
Write a short autobiography of a brook. (20 to 30 lines)
Answer:

Autobiography of a Brook

I took origin among the mountains and glaciers in the lap of a slopy snowy terrain as a bubbly ever youthful brook. Many others joined me making me look bigger. I express my happiness by dancing and jumping as I flow down the valley. I am ever so glad to help birds and animals to quench their thirst. The trees in the valley are so grateful to me that they honour me by showering flowers upon me.

As I reach the plains, I slow down. My calm within and outside, inspires many great poets to offer their literary best. I am obstructed by many boulders, but I do not stop. I find my way by flowing around them. By the time I meet the big river, many small rivulets have formed from me. But now, their number is decreasing,.

I hear that the rains are often scanty. If this goes on, I might not exist at all in the future. I have served mankind for as long as I know. I plead with you all to plant more trees and preserve and protect nature for our mutual well being. Help us to survive and continue to serve you.

9. Which other things in nature can say.

The Brook Poem Std 7 Question 9.
Which other things in nature can say – ‘For men may come and men may go, But I go on forever.’?
Answer:
The sun, stars, clouds, moon, wind, space are things in nature that can say the given lines.

10. Use the internet, your school library or other sources for the following activities.

The Brook Poem Question And Answers Question 10.
Use the internet, your school library or other sources for the following activities.
1. Try to find other nature poem.
Answer:

Class 7 English Chapter 3.4 The Brook Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What does the chattering sound of the brook seem like?
Answer:
The chattering sound of the brook seems like musical sounds.

Question 2.
Why does the bank fret?
Answer:
The bank frets because the brook changes its shape quite often by curving.

Question 3.
The brook mentions exact numbers of hills, villages and bridges. What does it mean?
Answer:
The brook mentions exact numbers to maintain the rhythm of the poem. It actually means that it flows past several hills, villages and bridges.

Question 4.
What do we learn from the brook?
Answer:
The brook teaches us to be cheerful and enjoy what we do. It also teaches us that we should never stop when we come across obstacles. With grit and patience, we should overcome these obstacles and achieve our goals.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar.

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
What do the following do?
Answer:

• blossom – sail
• swallow – skim
• sunbeam – dance

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Name the marine beings mentioned in the poem?
Answer:
The poet mentions fishes such as trout and grayling and also the swallow bird.

Question 2.
Which words of movement does this part of the extract mention?
Answer:
The extract mentions many words of movement such as travel, go, slip, slide, flow sail, loiter.

Poetic device.

Question 1.
Pick out an example of Antithesis.
Answer:
I wind about, and in and out.

Question 2.
State the rhyme scheme used in the second last stanza.
Answer:
Rhyme scheme – abab.

Question 3.
What according to you is the tone/mood of the poem? Why?
Answer:
The mood/tone of the poem is cheerful as it traces the journey of a happy brook right from its origin to its mouth. There is a hint of music in lines that helps us visualize the flow of the brook.

State and explain the figures of speech.

Question 1.
I come from haunts of coot and hem.
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ’h’ is repeated in ’haunts’ and ’hern’ in a pleasant manner.

Question 2.
I make a sudden sally.
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ’s’ is repeated in ’sudden’ and ’sally’ for a better poetic effect.

Question 3.
To bicker down a valley.
Answer:
Personification – the brook has been given the human quality of ’bickering’.

Question 4.
By thirty hills I hurry down.
Answer:
Inversion: the prose order has been changed. The correct word order is ’I hurry down by thirty hills’.
Alliteration: the sound of ‘h’ repeated in hills and hurry for poetic effect.

Question 5.
By twenty thorpes, a little town An half a hundred bridges.
Answer:
Hyperbole – the statement is exaggerated for a poetic effect.

Question 6.
Till last by Philip’s farm I flow
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ’f is repeated in ’farm’ and ’flow’ for a better poetic effect and also the word Philip as it has an ’f sound.

Question 7.
I chatter over stony ways
Answer:
Personification – the brook has been given the human quality of ’chattering’.

Question 8.
With many a curve my banks I fret
Answer:
Inversion – the word order has been changed. The correct word order is T fret my banks with many a curve’.

Question 9.
With willow-weed and mallow
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ‘w’ is repeated in the world ‘with’, ‘willow’ and ‘weed’.

Question 10.
I chatter, chatter as I flow
Answer:
Repetition – the word ‘chatter’ is repeated for a poetic effect.

Question 11.
I wind about and in and out
Answer:
Antithesis – two opposite words ‘in’ and ‘out’ are used in the same line for a better poetic effect.

Question 12.
And here and there a lusty trout
Answer:
Antithesis – two words of opposite meaning ‘here’ and ‘there’ are used in the same line for poetic effect.

Question 13.
And here and there a foamy flake
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ‘f is repeated in ‘foamy’ and ‘flake’ for a better poetic effect.

Question 14.
For men may come and men may go
Answer:
1. Antithesis: two words it opposite meaning ‘come’ and ‘go’ are used in the same line for a better poetic effect.
2. Repetition: the word ‘men’ is repeated for a better poetic effect.

Question 15.
I make the netted sunbeam dance
Answer:
Personification – sunbeam is given the human quality of ‘dancing’.

Question 16.
I linger by my shingly bars;
I loiter round my cresses
Answer:
Personification – the brook is given the human quality of ‘lingering’ and ‘loitering’.

The Brook Summary in English

The narrator of the poem, The Brook, takes us along its course. It narrates that it begins from the places often visited by birds. It makes noise while coming down the valley. The sunlight makes the brook’s water sparkle as it flows among the ferns and through several villages. Finally it passes by Philip’s farm and joins the overflowing river. It creates a lot of bubbles and noise while swirling around an obstacle.

The brook says that it makes a lot of turns and etches out a path full of curves. Passing by many ups and downs, the brook carries blossoms on its way. A lot of fishes accompany it. Moving through different curves, the brook clashes and creates silvery water break. At the base of the brook, there are golden coloured stones. The reflection of the sunlight on the moving waters of the brook makes it seems as if the sun beams are dancing. At night under the moon and the stars, it murmurs through thorny bushes. Avoiding the obstacles, it finally flows into the river.

Introduction:

The poem ‘The Brook’ by Lord Tennyson or Alfred Lord Tennyson traces the journey of a brook from its origin to its mouth. Though very simple, the poem conveys a very deep message in a very subtle manner. The refrain in the poem ‘But I go on forever’ tells us that nature is eternal whereas we are emphemeral or short lived. We may come and go but nature stays forever.

Glossary:

1. haunt (n) – a place that one visits often, where one spends a lot of time
2. coot and hem (n) – water birds
3. sally (n) – a quick journey like an entrance to fairy land
4. bicker (v) – run noisily
5. ridges (n) – a long, narrow mountain range
6. thorpes (n) – old English word for a village
7. brimming (adj) – be full to the point of overflowing
8. sharpes and trebles (n) – musical sounds
9. eddying (adj) – move in a circular motion.
10. babble (v) – to make murmuring sound of on the bottom. water flowing over stones
11. fret (v) – wear out, gnaw
12. fallow (n) – uncultivated land
13. fairy foreland (n) – a scenic place that looks
14. willow-weed (n) – a type of plant
15. mallow (n) – a plant with purple flowers
16. lusty (adj) – healthy and strong
17. front (n) – a freshwater fish
18. flake (n)- small, flat piece of something
19. water break (n) – a place in a brook where the surface of the water is broken by irregularities on the bottom.
20. grayling – a freshwater fish with a long fin.
21. gravel (n) – pounded stones
22. skimming swallows (n) – swallows that touch the brook lightly and quickly as they or stones. fly over it.
23. shallows – an area of the brook where the water is not very deep.
24. brambly (adj) – full of prickly shrubs.
25. wildernesses (n) – an uncultivated region
26. shingly (adj) – full of small, rounded pebbles
27. bars (n) – barrier, obstacle
28. cresses (n) – small plants
29. trout (n) – freshwater fish of salmon family

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Part 1 Chapter Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the statements using correct options:

How Seasons Occur Part 2 Class 7 Question 1.
The apparent movement of the sun means that ________.
(a) the sun revolves around the earth in a year.
(b) it appears that the sun moves to the north or south in a year.
(c) the earth keeps on changing its position.
Answer:
(b) it appears that the sun moves to the north or south in a year.

How Seasons Occur Part 2 Question 2.
If the axis of the earth were not tilted ________.
(a) the earth would not have rotated around , itself.
(b) the earth would have revolved around the sun with greater velocity.
(c) different parallels on the earth would have experienced the same climate throughout the year.
Answer:
(c) different parallels on the earth would have experienced the same climate throughout the year.

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
21sl June and 22nd December are solstice days, that is ________.
(a) the sun starts its southward journey from Tropic of Cancer on 21st June and Northward journey from Tropic of Capricon on 22nd December.
(b) the Dakshinayan of the sun takes place between 21st June and 22nd December.
(c) the Uttarayan of the earth takes place between 22nd December and 21st June.
Answer:
(a) the sun starts its southward journey from Tropic of Cancer on 21st June and Northward journey from Tropic of Capricon on 22nd December.

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Class 7 Answers Question 4.
The revolution of the earth around the Sun and the tilt of the axis of the earth together are responsible for the ______.
(a) summer, rainy season, retreat of monsoon, winter.
(b) summer, winter and spring.
(c) summer and winter.
Answer:
(c) summer and winter.

2. Answer the following questions:

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Questions And Answers Question 1.
What leads to the occurrence of seasons?
Answer:
(i) Seasons occur due to the revolution of the earth.
(ii) Seasons also occur due to the tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Question 2.
What is the duration of the day on equinox?
Answer:
(i) The circle of illumination divides all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.
(ii) Everywhere on the earth, the night time and day time are of equal duration. This condition is called equinox.
(iii) Thus, the duration of the day will be twelve hours on equinox.

How Seasons Occur – Part 1 Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
Why is the effect of the seasons not experienced in the equatorial region?
Answer:
(i) Seasons have been decided on the basis of the duration of sunlight, equinoxes & solstices
(i) The equatorial region receives perpendicular sunray almost throughout the year.
(ii) Hence the climate of that region does not change at all in the year.
(iii) Hence the effect of the seasons is not experienced in the equatorial region.

How Seasons Occur – Part 1 Questions And Answers Question 4.
Why is the sun visible for more than 24 hours during Dakshinayan in the region between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole?
Answer:
(i) Sunrays are never perpendicular on any of the parallels between Tropic of Cancer & the North pole or between Tropic of Capricorn & the South pole.
(ii) In the period from 23rd September to 21st March (Dakshinayan) the region between Antarctic circle and the south faces the sun. The whole of Antarctic Circle falls within the zone of illumination.
(iii) So the sun is visible in the sky for more than 24 hours.

Geography Class 7 How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Question 5.
Why are penguins not found at the North Pole?
Answer:
(i) The living world on the earth is affected by the cycle of seasons.
(ii) Penguins are native to south pole. Penguins have adapted to the natural conditions prevailing in the Antarctic regions of the south pole.
(iii) Besides predators like polar bears roam within the Arctic Circle. Hence penguins are found at the South pole & not at the North pole.

3. Rewrite the following statements after correcting them:

Question 1.
The earth’s velocity varies according to the period of revolution.
Answer:
The earth’s velocity varies due to the rotation of the earth.

Question 2.
If we observe from the northern hemisphere we see the apparent movement of the sun.
Answer:
We see the apparent movement of the sun from both the northern & southern hemispheres.

Question 3.
The dates of equinox change every year.
Answer:
The dates of equinox does not change every year. They vary by a day or so.

Question 4.
North Canada experiences summer from September to March.
Answer:
North Canada experience winter from September to March.

Question 5.
When it is summer in South Africa, Australia has winter.
Answer:
When it is summer in South Africa, Australia has summer.

Question 6.
Duration of daytime is less on the vernal and autumnal equinoxes.
Answer:
On the vernal (spring) equinox and autumnal equinox, day and night time are of the same duration.

4. Spot the error in the diagram given below:

Answer:
Spring Equinox – 21st March
Summer Solstice – 21st June
Winter Solstice – 22nd December

5. Draw a diagram showing the cycle of seasons in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:

ICT Question :

Question 1.
Using the internet sites or a calendar, find and note the duration of the day for specific dates between 22nd March and 23rd September. Calculate the duration of the nights too. Using this information draw a compound bar graph.
Question 2.
Draw a diagram of aphelion and perihelion positions of the earth on the computer.

Activity:

Using the internet, collect pictorial information of any four migratory birds/animals.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell:

Figure shows the position of the earth with its tilted axis on 21st June and 22nd December. It also shows its illuminated and dark positions. Observe the figure and answer the following.

Question 1.
In fig ‘A which pole is receiving sunlight?
Answer:
North Pole is receiving sunlight in Fig ‘A’

Question 2.
In fig ‘B’ which pole is not receiving sunlight?
Answer:
North Pole is not receiving sunlight in Fig. ‘B’

Question 3.
Which hemisphere has the longest daytime on 21st June?
Answer:
Northern hemisphere has the longest daytime on 21st June.

Question 4.
Which hemisphere will have the longest night on 22nd December?
Answer:
Northern hemisphere will have the largest night in 22nd December.

Question 5.
On which date will the Tropic of Cancer receive perpendicular sunrays?
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer will receive perpendicular sunrays on 21st June.

Question 6.
Considering the position of the north pole, which season will prevail in the northern hemisphere from 22nd March to 23rd September?
Answer:
Summer season will prevail in the northern hemisphere from 22nd March to 23rd September.

Question 7.
The cricket matches in Australia are generally in summer, when does Australia have summer?
Answer:
Summer season prevails in Australia from 23rd September to 21st March.

Question 8.
In which period is the ‘midnight sun’ observable in Norway? Which season will there be at that time?
Answer:
Midnight sun is observable in Norway from 21st March to 23rd September. It will be summer in Norway that time.

Question 9.
At what time will the midnight sun be visible at the “Bharati Research Station” of India at Antarctica? What will be the season there at that time?
Answer:
The midnight sun will be visible at Bharati Research Station of India at Antarctica from 23rd September to 21st March. It will be summer season there.

Use your brain power:

Question 1.
The summer capital of Jammu & Kashmir is Srinagar while the winter capital is Jammu. What could be the reason?
Answer:
(i) Jammu is located in the southern part of the state of Jammu & Kashmir whereas Srinagar is located to its north.

(ii) Also Jammu is located at an altitude of 350m whereas Srinagar is located at an altitude of approximately 1500m.

(iii) So Jammu has higher temperature in summer as compared to Srinagar. As Srinagar has pleasant climate in summer, it acts as summer capital of the state.

(iv) As winters are not very cold in Jammu & it is early accessible, it acts as a winter capital of the state.

Question 2.
While India & England are located in the same hemisphere why are the cricket matches in these two countries arranged in different months?
Answer:
(i) As India is a tropical country summers temperature are very high. England on the other hand falls in the temperate zone which has mild summers. Hence, England is suitable for cricket matches in summer.

(ii) As England lies in the temperate zone it her very cold winters. India on the other hand has mild winters as it is a tropical country. Thus India is suitable for cricket matches in winters. Hence, although India & England are located in the same hemisphere, due to latitudinal differences, the cricket matches in these two countries are arranged in different months.

Question 3.
On 21st March and 23rd September, daytime and night time are same all over the earth. But why do some parts experience summer and some winter on the these days?
Answer:
(i) If the earth’s axis were not tilted, the same climatic conditions would have prevailed on each of the different parallels throughout the year.

(ii) The seasons would not have occurred. It is due to the tilt of the earth’s axis that some parts of the earth experience summer and some winter on these days.

Question 4.
Mention any two countries in the world where one needs woollen clothing in the month of May. Also mention their latitudinal positions.
Answer:
South Africa is on 23°S latitude.
Iceland is on 65°N latitude.

Question 5.
On equinox days, the two poles experience either sunrise or sunset. On which pole will it be sunrise on 21st March?
Answer:
Sunrise will be experienced on the North pole.

Think about it:

Question 1.
In which direction will the location of sunrise and sunset appear to move after 22nd of December?
Answer:
On 22nd December the sun reaches the southernmost position as seen from the earth. The sun seems to stand still at the Tropic of Capricon and then reverses its direction. The sun appears to move northwards after 22nd December.

Observe Fig of textbook page 47 carefully & answer:

Question 2.
positioned relative to the sun on the dates given in the figure?
Answer:
(i) The northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun in the period between 21st March is 23rd September. Hence, northern hemisphere experiences summer season.

(ii) It is tilted away from the sun in the period between 23rd September to 21st March. Hence, northern hemisphere experiences winter season.

Question 3.
Which season will you experience in the northern hemisphere around 22nd December?
Answer:
We will experience Winter season in the northern hemisphere around 22nd December.

Question 4.
What would be the season in the northern hemisphere around 21st June?
Answer:
It will be Summer season in the northern hemisphere around 21st June.

Question 5.
If it is winter in the northern hemisphere which season will it be in opposite hemisphere?
Answer:
If it is winter in the northern hemisphere, the southern hemisphere will experience summer season.

Question 6.
At any given point of time why are the season in the northern and southern hemisphere different?
Answer:
(i) Regardless of the time of the year, the northern and southern hemisphere experience opposite seasons.

(ii) In the period from 21st March to 23rd September the northern hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because this hemisphere faces the sun.

(iii) In the period from 23rd September to 21st March the southern hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight.

(iv) It is the tilt of the Earth that causes the difference in the seasons.

Question 7.
What effects do the seasons have on the biodiversity in India? Write briefly about it:
Answer:
(i) The living world on the earth is affected by the cycle of seasons.

(ii) Change in seasons cause immense biodiversity loss, affecting both individual species and their ecosystem that support economic growth and human well being.

(iii) Greater frequency and severity of heat waves and extreme weather is a threat to the survival of mankind and animals too.

(iv) Floral and animal activity variation depends on seasonal temperature variation with different species flowering at specific times before or after monsoon seasons.

(v) Any change in rainfall pattern poses a threat to agriculture.

Give it a try:

Question 1.
Regarding daytime & the cycle of season, what conditions would have prevailed at the following place, if the earth’s axis were not tilled? (Canada, Tasmania, Nigeria, West Indies, Peru, Borneo)
Answer:

• Effect on day & night time: If the earth’s axis were not titled the duration of day time & night time would have been equal throughout the year.
• Effect on seasons: There would be no seasonal change on the earth.
• Canada and Tasmania would experience winter throughout the year as they are located near the poles.
• West Indies, Peru, Nigeria, Borneo would experience summer throughout the year as they are located near the equator.

Can you tell:

Discuss the activity you have been carrying out since June (Refer ch. 1) make use of the observation tables for the months of June, September & December.

Question 1.
In which month the duration of the day was around 12 hours?
Answer:
The duration of the day was around 12 hours in the month of September.

Question 2.
What could be the reason behind it?
Answer:
The duration of day is 12 hours in the month of September because both the hemispheres of the earth are at equal distance from the sun & the equator receives perpendicular rays of the sun.

Question 3.
Bring out the differences between the duration of daytime in the months of June, September & December.
Answer:
The duration of day is around 13 hours in the month of June. It decreases to around 12 hours in the month of September. It is around 11 hours in the month of December.

Question 4.
What could be the reason for the change in the shadow of the stick?
Answer:
There is a change in the shadow of the stick because there is a change in position of the sunrise & sunset.

Question 5.
What did you observe about the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset?
Answer:
(i) After 21st June the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset shifted southwards.
(ii) After 22nd December the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset shifted north wards.

Question 6.
Which of the following factors could be related with the change in the position of the shadow of the stick & the difference in the duration of daytime?
(i) Rotation of the earth
(ii) Distance between the earth & the sun
(iii) Revolution of the earth.
(iv) The axis of the earth.
Answer:
(i) Revolution of the earth
(ii) The axis of the earth.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The position of the sun at sunrise, appears to change on the ______ everyday.
Answer:
horizon

Question 2.
_______ occurs only with reference to the northern and the southern hemispheres.
Answer:
Seasons

Question 3.
The path of the revolution of the earth around the sun is ______.
Answer:
elliptical

Question 4.
As the earth revolves around the sun, its perpendicular rays fall on the _____ twice a year.
Answer:
equator

Question 5.
In the northern hemisphere prevails from 21st March to 21st June, while ______ prevails from 23rd September to 22nd December.
Answer:
spring, autumn

Question 6.
________ is the longest day and has the shortest night in the northern hemisphere.
Answer:
21st June

Question 7.
_____ marks the longest day and the shortest night in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:
22nd December

Question 8.
On the _____ the duration of day and night is the same throughout the year.
Answer:
equator

Question 9.
The occurrence of seasons one after the other leads to the ______.
Answer:
cycle of seasons

Question 10.
Agricultural seasons also depend on the local ________ conditions.
Answer:
climatic

Question 11.
Continuous, occurrence of rain in a specific period gives rise to additional _______ besides summer and winter.
Answer:
season

Question 12.
On _____ and ______ day time and night time are same all over the earth.
Answer:
21st March, 23rd September

Question 13.
The period in which the position of the rising sun keeps moving towards the south is called _______.
Answer:
Dakshinayan

Question 14.
The period in which the position of the rising sun keeps moving towards the north is called _______.
Answer:
Uttarayan

Question 15.
In the northern hemisphere 23rd September is called ____ equinox.
Answer:
Autumnal

Complete the following sentence:

Question 1.
The movement of the sun towards the north or south in a year is called ________.
Answer:
the apparent movement of the sun

Question 2.
Seasons occur only with reference to _______.
Answer:
the northern and the southern hemisphere

Question 3.
The diurnal apparent movement of the sun is related to _______.
Answer:
the rotation of the earth

Question 4.
The annual apparent movement of the sun is related to ______.
Answer:
the revolution of the earth and the tilt of earth’s axis

Question 5.
In the first week of July, the earth is at _______.
Answer:
the farthest point from the sun.

Question 6.
The circle of illumination1 divides ______.
Answer:
all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.

Question 7.
In the northern hemisphere, spring prevails ______.
Answer:
from 21st March to 21st June.

Question 8.
In the northern hemisphere, autumn prevails ______.
Answer:
from 23rd September to 22nd December.

Question 9.
Only on 21st June and 22nd December, the sun rays become _____.
Answer:
perpendicular on the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricon respectively

Question 10.
Seasons have been decided on the basis of _________.
Answer:
the duration of sunlight, equinoxes and solstices

Question 11.
The living world on the earth is affected by ________.
Answer:
the cycle of seasons.

Question 12.
Continuous occurrence of rain in a specific period gives rise to _____.
Answer:
an additional season besides summer and winter.

Complete the statements using the correct options:

Question 1.
In the course of one year, Arctic tern has to travel in search of food.
(a) around 50,000 km.
(b) around 70,000 km.
(c) around 90,000 km.
Answer:
(b) around 70,000 km.

Question 2.
Due to severe winter and lack of food, Siberian cranes from the cold northern regions visit India travelling around
(a) 8 to 10 thousand kilometers.
(b) 10 to 12 thousand kilometers.
(c) 12 to 14 thousand kilometers.
Answer:
(a) 8 to 10 thousand kilometers.

Question 3.
The two Poles experience either sunrise or sunset on
(a) Solstice days.
(b) Equinox days.
(c) Dakshinayan.
Answer:
(b) Equinox days.

Question 4.
The diurnal apparent movement of the sun is related to
(a) the revolution of the earth.
(b) rotation of the earth.
(c) tilt of the earth’s axis.
Answer:
(b) rotation of the earth

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the apparent movement of the sun?
Answer:
The movement of the sun towards the north or south in a year is called the apparent movement of the sun.

Question 2.
What is Equinox?
Answer:
On 21st March and 23rd September, the north pole and the south pole are at the same distance from the earth due to which the daytime & night time are of equal duration every where on earth. This is called Equinox.

Question 3.
How have seasons been decided?
Answer:
Seasons have been decided on the basis of the duration of sunlight, equinoxes and solstices.

Question 4.
Name the four seasons of Europe and North America.
Answer:
The four seasons in Europe and North America are summer, autumn, winter and spring.

Question 5.
Which living creatures are found in the Antarctic region?
Answer:
Birds like penguins, fish like seal and animals like walruses are found in the Antarctic region.

Question 6.
Which animals are found in the polar region of the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
In the polar region of the northern hemisphere animals like reindeer, polar bears, Arctic foxes, etc are found.

Question 7.
What are the factors that influence the seasons?
Answer:
The changes in the atmosphere, vapour in the air, the wind and the precipitation influence the seasons.

Question 8.
What do you mean by Dakshinayan?
Answer:
The period in which (from 21st June to 22nd December) the position of the rising sun keeps on moving towards the south is called as Dakshinayan.

Question 9.
What is Uttarayan?
Answer:
The period in which (from 22nd December to 21st June) the position of the rising sun keeps on moving towards the north is called as Uttarayan.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is called perihelion position of the earth?
Answer:

• As the earth moves in an ellipse, its distance from the sun does not remain the same.
•  It is at its minimum distance in the first week of January.
• This is called the perihelion position of the earth.

Question 2.
What is called aphelion position of the earth.
Answer:

• In the first week of July, the earth is at the farthest point from the sun.
• This is called the aphelion position.

Question 3.
What is called circle of illumination?
Answer:

• The illuminated and dark portions of all the parallels including the equator is called circle of illumination.
• It divides all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.

Question 4.
What are Solstice days?
Answer:

• Solstice days are the days when the earth’s tilt towards the sun is at its maximum.
• On 21st June the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the Tropic of Cancer starts receiving perpendicular rays of the sun.
• On 22nd December the Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun & the Tropic of Capricorn starts receiving perpendicular rays of the sun.
• These two days are called solstice days.

Question 5.
Draw the diagram showing the Aphelion and perihelion position:
Answer:

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the correct option:

The Maratha War Of Independence Class 7 Question 1.
Aurangzeb was annoyed by his bravery.
(a) Shahajada Akbar
(b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(c) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj
Answer:
(b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

The Maratha War Of Independence Question Answer Question 2.
These decamped with the golden pinnacle from the Emperor’s tent.
(a) Santaji and Dhanaji
(b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan
(c) Khando Ballal and Rupaji Bhosale
Answer:
(b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan

Std 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 3.
He fought very bravely in the Goa battle.
(a) Yesaji Kank
(b) Nemaji Shinde
(c) Pralhad Niraji
Answer:
(a) Yesaji Kank

2. Find in the text in the lesson and write answers:

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 1.
Why did Sambhaji Maharaj return halfway from the Janjira campaign? ‘
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against the Siddi of Janjira in 1682 CE.
(b) The Marathas laid siege to Siddi’s Dandarajpuri and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
(c) But on the other hand, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj. Hence Sambhaji Maharaj returned halfway from the Janjira campaign to protect/defend his kingdom.

9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 2.
Why did Sambhaji Maharaj decide to teach a lesson to the Portuguese?
Answer:
The Portuguese of Goa joined hands with the Emperor against Sambhaji Maharaj so ) the Maharaj decided to teach a lesson to the Portuguese.

The Maratha War Of Independence Question 3.
While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj left the responsibility of protecting Swaraj to whom?
Answer:
While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj had assigned the duty to protect Swaraj to Ramchandrapant, Amatya, Shankaraji, Narayan Sachiv, Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav.

9 The Maratha War Of Independence Class 7 Question 4.
Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s Valour in which words?
Answer:
Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s valour in his Marathi poem:

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Aurangzeb turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Qutubshahi Kingdom.
Answer:
(a) Aurangzeb was not able to succeed his campaign against the Marathas.
(b) Therefore he suspended the campaign and turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Kutubshahi states.

Question 2.
After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, the Marathas intensified their war with the Mughals.
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj was brutally put to death by Aurangzeb.
(b) The Marathas took inspiration from his sacrifice and intensified their fight against the Mughals.

Question 3.
It was decided that the Raigad fort should be fought under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.
Answer:
(a) Zulfikarkhan put Raigad under siege.
(b) Rajaram Maharaj and his wife Maharani Tarabai, Sambhaji Maharaj’s wife, Maharani Yesubai and his son Shahu were in Raigad.
(c) It was very risky for all members of the royal family to stay at one place.
(d) It was decided that Rajaram should escape from Raigad and the fight to defend Raigad would continue under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.

Activity:

Show Goa, Bijapur, Golconda, Jinji, Ahmadabad and Ahmednagar on a map of India.

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option:

Question 1.
Akbar sought shelter with –
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj
(b) Mukarrab Khan
(c) Rajaram Maharaj
Answer:
Sambhaji Maharaj

Question 2.
Aurangzeb died in 1707 at –
(a) Kolhapur
(b) Janjira
(c) Ahmadnagar
Answer:
Ahmadnagar

Arrange the events chronologically:

• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.

Answer:

• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.
• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.

Write the meaning of:

Question 1.
Artillery
Answer:
The army unit that uses big guns with big barrels.

Question 2.
Killedar / Kiledar
Answer:
In charge of the fort.

Question 3.
Guerilla tactics
Answer:
The use of surprise raids hit and run by the army and repetitive attacks on the enemy.

Find from the text and write the answers:

Question 1.
Who took away the golden pinnacle from the Emperor’s own tent?
Answer:
(a) Santaji Ghorpade
(b) Vithoji Chavan

Question 2.
Name the faithful Sardars of Raj aram Maharaj who joined him in the Jinji campaign.
Answer:
(a) Pralhad Niraji
(b) Khando Ballal
(c) Rupaji Bhosale.

Question 3.
What was Tarabai’s warfare method called?
Answer:
Tarabai’s warfare method was called ‘Safe deposit locker system’.

Question 4.
How did Aurangzeb entice many Maratha Sardars on his side?
Answer:
Aurangzeb enticed many Maratha Sardars on his side by giving them watans and jagirs.

Question 5.
Why was it decided that Rajaram Maharaj should escape from Raigad and go to Jinji?
Answer:
(a) The Jinji fort was far off in the south and was invincible.
(b) It was not an easy task for the Mughals to capture this fort.
Hence Rajaram escaped from Raigad and went to Jinji.

Question 6.
How does Khafikhan describe Maharani Tarabai?
Answer:
Khafikhan described Maharani Tarabai in the following words “She is intelligent and wise. She became very famous for her management of army and administration even during the rule of her husband”.

Question 7.
When was the sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end seen?
Answer:
It was when trusted Sardars like Krishnaji Sawant, Khanderao Dabhada, Dhanaji Jadhav and Nemaji Shinde started the battles on various fronts against the Mughals outside Maharashtra which gave a sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end.

Find out and write:

Question 1.
They were in the forefront to invade Mughal territories.
Answer:
Santaji and Dhanaji

Question 2.
He died in March 1700.
Answer:
Rajaram Maharaj

Question 3.
He rebelled against his father and sought shelter with Sambhaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Prince Akbar

Question 4.
The Incharge of the Kolhapur province.
Answer:
Mukarrabkhan

Question 5.
The Great Maratha soldier of whom the Mughal soldiers were scared of.
Answer:
Dhanaji

Question 6.
The Historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai described Rajaram Maharaj as.
Answer:
‘Sthirbuddhi’ (Level Headed)

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.
Answer:

• Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against Siddi in 1682 CE.
• His army laid a siege to Dandarajpuri fort and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
• But at the same time, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj.
• Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.

Question 2.
Noted historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai has described Rajaram Maharaj by using the adjective ‘Sthirbuddhi’. (Level Headed)
Answer:

• Rajaram Maharaj was thoughtful and kind- hearted.
• He brought together all the capable people in the Maratha empire.
• He united them and thus created a new enthusiasm amongst them.
• After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, he fought against Aurangzeb for 11 years with great courage and tenacity.
• Rajaram Maharaj’s greatest achievement is that he protected Swaraj in those extremely difficult times.

Question 3.
The Eighteenth century is known as the Maratha Century.
Answer:

• After the death of Aurangzeb, not only did the Marathas filled the vacuum in the political arena, but also lead the political affairs.
• They ruled over Delhi’s throne and almost all parts of Hindustan and also protected it.
• Due to sequence of events, the 18th century is known as the ‘Maratha Century’.

Complete the following flow chart:

The lineage of the Bhosale family.

Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 14 संतवाणी Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 14 संतवाणी

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 14 संतवाणी Textbook Questions and Answers

सुविचार

प्रश्न 1.
संकटांना घाबरून न जाता जो जीवन यशस्वी करतो तोच खरा पराक्रमी होय.

प्रश्न 2.
मैत्री ही नात्यापेक्षा कितीतरी श्रेष्ठ आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
नम्रता हा सर्व सद्गुणांचा पाया होय.

आम्ही कथा लिहितो.

विदयार्थ्यांनो, तुम्हांला गोष्ट ऐकायला, वाचायला, सांगायला आवडते ना? तुम्हांला गोष्ट लिहायलाही नक्कीच आवडेल. आज तुम्ही गोष्ट लिहिणार आहात. त्याचे नीट आकलन करून घ्या. कोणता प्रसंग आहे, कोण बोलत आहे, कोणाशी बोलत आहे, त्यांच्यात कोणता संवाद चालला असेल? या सगळ्यांची कल्पना करा. त्या त्या प्रसंगामधील पात्रांचा संवाद तुमच्या वहीत लिहा. अगदी तुम्हांला पाहिजे तसा. तुम्हांला कोणते शब्द वापरावे लागतील? वाक्यरचना कशी करावी लागेल? कोणता काळ वापरावा लागेल? या सर्वांचा मनाशी विचार करा. गोष्ट लिहून झाल्यावर, त्यासंदर्भात शिक्षकांशी, मित्रांशी किंवा आईबाबांशी चर्चा करा. कथा लिहून झाल्यावर त्यास योग्य शीर्षक दया.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः

गर्वाचे घर खाली

सुंदरवनात सगळे प्राणी गुण्यागोविंदाने रहात होते. एकदा एक हरिण चरता चरता जंगलाबाहेर गेले. बाहेरील जगाशी पहिल्यांदाच संबंध आल्याने ते हरखून गेले. समोरून एक प्रवासी रेल्वे येताना हरिणाला दिसली. ती प्रवासी रेल्वे जवळ येताच हरिणाने तिच्यासोबत धावायला सुरुवात केली. ती प्रवासी रेल्वे असल्यामुळे ती एका स्टेशनावर थांबली. हरिण मात्र पुढे पुढे धावतच राहिले. आपण रेल्वेला मागे टाकल्याचा हरिणाला फार आनंद झाला.

जंगलात जाऊन इतर सर्व प्राण्यांपुढे हरिणाने आपण रेल्वेला हरवले, अशी फुशारकी’ मारण्यास सुरुवात केली. सर्व प्राण्यांनी आपल्या अज्ञानामुळे हरिणावर विश्वास ठेवला. मात्र कोल्ह्याला शंका आली. त्याने हरिणाबरोबर जंगलाबाहेर जाण्याचा निर्णय घेतला. जंगलाबाहेर येताच त्यांना रेल्वे येताना दिसली. पुन्हा एकदा हरिणाने रेल्वेशी शर्यत लावली. नक्की काय घडते हे पाहण्यासाठी कोल्हाही त्या दोघांच्यामागे धावत सुटला.

पण ती रेल्वे प्रवासी रेल्वे नसून मालगाडी असल्याचे हरिणाच्या लक्षात आले नाही. ती मालगाडी कोठेही न थांबता पुढे पुढे जात राहिली. हरिण मात्र दमून जमिनीवर बसले. मानवाने तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर करून बनवलेली रेल्वे आपल्यापेक्षा वेगवान आहे हे हरणाच्या लक्षात आले. यापुढे कुठल्याही गोष्टीची फुशारकी न मारण्याचे हरिणाने मनोमन ठरवून टाकले.

शिक्षकांसाठी:

वरीलप्रमाणे विविध प्रसंग देऊन विदयार्थ्यांकडून गोष्ट तयार करून घ्यावी. मुलांकडून ती गोष्ट वाचून घ्यावी.

Class 7 Marathi Chapter 14 संतवाणी Additional Important Questions and Answers

कंसातील योग्य शब्द निवडून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. पक्षी जाय ……….. बाळकांसी आणी चारा ।। (दिगंबरा / दिगंतरा)
2. वानर हिंडे झाडावरी। पिली बांधुनी …. ।। (उदरीं/ उरी)
3. ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू। ……. करोनि म्हणती साधू।। (काम / कर्म)
4. अंगा लावूनियां राख। …………. झांकुनी करिती पाप।। (डोके / डोळे)

उत्तरः .

1. दिगंतरा
2. उदरों
3. कर्म
4. डोळे.

प्रश्न 2.
पुढील अभंगांच्या ओळी पूर्ण करा.

1. पक्षी जाय दिगंतरा। ……………….
2. माता गुंतली कामासी। …………….
3. …………….. । जनी वेळोवेळां पाहे.
4. ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू। ………………
5. …………….. | जळो तयांसी संगती.

उत्तर:

1. पक्षी जाय दिगंतरा। बाळकांसी आणी चारा ।।
2. माता गुंतली कामासी। चित्त तिचे बाळापाशीं।।
3. तैसी आम्हांसी विठ्ठल माये। जनी वेळोवेळां पाहे ।।
4. ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू। कर्म करोनि म्हणती साधू।।
5. तुका म्हणे सांगों किती। जळो तयांसी संगती।।

खालील प्रश्नांची एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
जनाबाईंच्या भक्तीचा अनन्यसाधारण विषय कोणता?
उत्तर:
वात्सल्य हा जनाबाईंच्या भक्तीचा अनन्यसाधारण विषय आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
माता कामात गुंतलेली असली तरी तिचे लक्ष कोठे असते?
उत्तर:
माता कामात गुंतलेली असली तरी तिचे लक्ष आपल्या बाळापाशी असते.

प्रश्न 3.
माकड आपल्या पिल्लाला कुठे बांधते?
उत्तर:
माकड आपल्या पिल्लाला आपल्या उदराशी, पोटाशी बांधते.

प्रश्न 4.
संत तुकाराम आपल्या अभंगातून कोणता संदेश देतात?
उत्तर:
संत तुकाराम आपल्या अभंगातून सामान्य लोकांना भोंदूगिरीबाबत जागरूक राहण्याचा संदेश देतात.

प्रश्न 5.
संत तुकाराम कोणाच्या संगतीपासून दूर राहण्यास सांगतात?
उत्तर:
संत तुकाराम स्वत:ला साधू म्हणवणाऱ्या भोंदूंपासून दूर राहण्यास सांगतात.

खालील प्रश्नांची थोडक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
आपल्या अभंगातून आईचे बाळावरील प्रेम संत जनाबाईंनी कोणत्या विविध उदाहरणांतून पटवून दिले आहे?
उत्तर:
आपल्या बाळांसाठी दुरदूरपर्यंत जाऊन पक्षी चारा आणतो. आकाशात घिरट्या घालून घार आपल्या पिल्लांपाशी झेप घेते. आई कितीही कामात गुंतली असली तरी तिचे सारे लक्ष आपल्या बाळापाशी असते. झाडावरून इकडून तिकडे फिरताना माकड आपल्या पिल्लाला उदराशी बांधून फिरते. अशा विविध उदाहरणांतून संत जनाबाईंनी आईचे बाळावरील प्रेम पटवून दिले आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
संत तुकाराम भोंदूगिरी करणाऱ्यांपासून दूर राहण्याचा सल्ला का देतात?
उत्तर:
अंगाला राख फासून भोंदू लोक स्वत:ला साधू म्हणवून घेतात. डोळे झाकून पापही करतात. वैराग्याचा आभास’ निर्माण करतात, मात्र सर्व विषयविकारांचा उपभोग घेतात. अशा भोंदूगिरी करणाऱ्यांच्या संगतीत राहून काहीच मिळणार नसल्याने संत तुकाराम सामान्य लोकांना भोंदूगिरी
करणाऱ्यांपासून दूर राहण्याचा सल्ला देतात.

कवितेच्या आधारे सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती 1: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
खालील आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
कवितेच्या ओळी पूर्ण करा.
1. घार हिंडते आकाशी। …………………… ||
2. …………………….. | भोगी विषयांचा सोहळा।।
उत्तरे:
1. घार हिंडते आकाशीं । झांप घाली पिल्लांपासी ।।
2. दावुनि वैराग्याची कळा । भोगी विषयांचा सोहळा ।।

कविता – पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्रमांक 51

पक्षी जाय दिगंतरा ……………………..
…………………….. जनी वेळोवेळां पाहे

आणि

ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू ………………….
…………………. जळो तयांसी संगती

कृती 2: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कोण ते लिहा.
1. पिल्लाला उदरी बांधून फिरणारे [ ]
2. अंगाला राख लावून पाप करणारे [ ]
उत्तर:
1. वानर
2. भोंदू

खालील प्रश्नांची एक – दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
भोंदू लोक साधू असण्याचा आव कसा आणतात?
उत्तर:
भोंदू लोक अंगाला राख लावून, वैराग्य धारण केल्याच्या बाता करून साधू असण्याचा आव आणतात.

प्रश्न 2.
पक्षी कोणासाठी चारा आणतात?
उत्तर:
पक्षी आपल्या पिल्लांसाठी चारा आणतात.

कृती 3: काव्यसौंदर्य

प्रश्न 1.
‘दावुनि वैराग्याची कळा । भोगी विषयांचा सोहळा।
तुका म्हणे सांगो किती । जळो तयांसी संगती’
या काव्यपंक्तीतील आशयसौंदर्य स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर:
प्रस्तुत पंक्ती संत तुकाराम लिखित अभंगातील असून भोंदू लोकांपासून दूर राहण्याचा सल्ला ते देतात. भोंदू, तोतया लोक आपण मोहमायेपासून दूर असल्याचा, वैराग्य स्वीकारल्याचा आव आणतात. मात्र प्रत्यक्षात सर्व सुखचैनीच्या गोष्टी उपभोगताना दिसतात. संत तुकाराम महाराज म्हणतात, अशा भोंदू लोकांच्या अनेक गोष्टी सांगता येतील. तेव्हा अशा लोकांची संगती न लाभलेलीच बरी. संत तुकाराम महाराजांनी भोंदू लोकांपासून सावध राहण्याचा सल्ला दिला आहे.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

प्रश्न 1.
खालील चौकटींतून समानार्थी शब्दांच्या जोड्या शोधून लिहा.

उत्तर:

1. गगन – आकाश
2. खग – पक्षी
3. लक्ष – चित्त
4. नयन – डोळे
5. महान – थोर

प्रश्न 2.
खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.

1. आकाश
2. माता
3. सुंदर
4. पाप
5. सुसंगत

उत्तरः

1. पाताळ
2. पिता
3. कुरूप
4. पुण्य
5. कुसंगत

प्रश्न 3.
खालील शब्दांचे लिंग बदला.

1. कवयित्री
2. संत
3. माता
4. आई
5. साधू

उत्तरः

1. कवी
2. संत
3. पिता
4. बाबा
5. साध्वी

प्रश्न 4.
खालील शब्दांचे वचन बदला.

1. पिल्लू
2. पक्षी
3. झाडे
4. संत
5. अभंग
6. साधू

उत्तरः

1. पिल्ले
2. पक्षी
3. झाड
4. संत
5. अभंग
6. साधू

प्रश्न 5.
खालील शब्दांचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा.

1. चित्त
2. विठ्ठल
3. भोंदू
4. पाप
5. थोर

उत्तर:

1. आपला लाडका लेक अमेरिकेतून परत येणार हे कळताच गोविंदरावांचे चित्त थाऱ्यावर रहात नव्हते.
2. दिंडीच्या दिवसात वारकरी विठ्ठल नामात तल्लीन’ होऊन जातात.
3. सामान्य जनतेला फसवणारे भोंदू गल्लोगल्ली फिरताना दिसून येतात.
4. नकळत झालेल्या चुकीमुळे प्राणीहत्येचे पाप राहूलच्या माथी आले.
5. महाराष्ट्राला थोर संतांची परंपरा लाभली आहे.

लेखन विभाग

प्रश्न 1.
संत जनाबाई व संत एकनाथांची थोडक्यात माहिती लिहा.
उत्तर:
संत जनाबाई या संत नामदेवांच्या समकालीन वारकरी संत कवयित्री होत्या. संत नामदेव हेच त्यांचे पारमार्थिक गुरू होते. त्यांच्या सहवासात जनाबाईंनी विठ्ठलाच्या भक्तीचा ध्यास घेतला होता. संत जनाबाईंच्या नावावर वेगवेगळ्या विषायांवरील सुमारे 350 अभंग मुद्रित झाले आहेत. महाराष्ट्राच्या खेड्यापाड्यातून स्त्रिया जात्यावर दळण कांडताना त्यांच्या ओव्या गातात. वात्सल्य, कोमल, ऋजुता, सहनशीलता, त्यागी वृत्ती, समर्पण वृत्ती, स्त्री विषयीच्या भावना संत जनाबाईंच्या काव्यात प्रकर्षांने दिसून येतात.

संत एकनाथ हे महाराष्ट्रातील वारकरी संप्रदायातील एक सुप्रसिद्ध संत होते. एकनाथांना लहानपणापासूनच अध्यात्मज्ञानाचीवहरिकीर्तनाची आवड होती. त्यांनी भारूड, जोगवा, गवळणी, गोंधळ यांच्या साहाय्याने जनजागृती केली. ‘एकनाथी भागवत’ हा त्यांचा ग्रंथ लोकप्रिय आहे. जातिभेद दूर करण्यासाठी त्यांनी आयुष्यभर प्रयत्न केले. शांतिब्रम्ह, संतपदाला पोहोचलेले सत्पुरुष, उच्च कोटीचे समाजसुधारक, महान तत्त्ववेत्ता, संस्कृत भाषेचे गाढे अभ्यासक अशा अनेक गुणविशेषणांसह ‘ज्ञानाचा एका’ या बिरुदावलीने साऱ्या महाराष्ट्राला पारेचित असणारे व्यक्तिमत्त्व म्हणजे संत एकनाथ होय.

प्रश्न 2.
महाराष्ट्राला लाभलेल्या संत परंपरेतील संतांची नावे सांगा.
उत्तर:
संत ज्ञानेश्वर, संत निवृत्तीनाथ, संत मुक्ताबाई, संत नामदेव, संत सावतामाळी, संत चोखामेळा, संत एकनाथ, संत तुकाराम, रामदासस्वामी, गजानन महाराज, साईबाबा, बसवेश्वर.

प्रश्न 3.

उत्तर:

एकीचे बळ

नाईक विदयालयात अध्यक्षांच्या जन्मदिनानिमित्त वृक्षारोपणाचा कार्यक्रम आयोजित करण्यात आला होता. – विदयार्थ्यांनी मोठ्या संख्येने वृक्षारोपण केले. सोहम ही वृक्ष लावल्यामुळे खुश झाला. पुढे झालेल्या कार्यक्रमात त्याला विविध झाडांचे महत्त्वही कळले. एकंदरितच सर्व विद्यार्थ्यांच्या मनात झाडे लावण्याची व ती जगवण्याची भावना निर्माण झाली. आज कार्यक्रम छान झाल्याच्या खुशीतच घरी जात असताना त्याला रस्त्यालगतच्या एका जंगलात वृक्षतोड होत असताना दिसली. सोहमने तातडीने तेथे जाऊन त्या लोकांना ‘झाडे तोडू नका’ असे विनवले. मात्र त्याचे कोणीच ऐकले नाही. त्याचवेळी सोहमला शाळेत शिकवलेली ‘एकीचे बळ’ ही म्हण आठवली. त्याला एक कल्पना सुचली. त्याने तातडीने शाळेत जाण्याचा निर्णय घेतला.

शाळेतील सर्व विदयार्थ्यांना, शिक्षकांना त्याने घडलेला प्रसंग सांगितला. जमतील तितक्या लोकांना सोबत घेऊन सर्व जण तातडीने त्या जंगलात पोहचले. घटनेची गंभीरता लक्षात येऊन सगळ्यांनीच आवाज उठवला. इतक्या लोकांना समोर पाहून वृक्षतोड करणारे घाबरले व आपली हत्यारे तेथेच टाकून त्यांनी पळ काढला. जंगलात होणारी बेकायदेशीर वृक्षतोड सोहममुळे लक्षात
आल्याने सर्वांनी त्यांचे मनापासून कौतुक केले. शिक्षकांनी शिकवलेल्या गोष्टीचा प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव आल्याने सोहनही खुश झाला.

संतवाणी Summary in Marathi

काव्य परिचयः

संतवाणी या काव्यात संत जनाबाई व संत तुकाराम यांच्या अभंगांचा समावेश आहे. संत जनाबाईंचा ‘वात्सल्य’ हा भक्तीचा विषय प्रस्तुत सुंदर अभंगात्मक काव्यातून दिसून येतो. पहिल्या अभंगात त्यांनी आईचे बाळावरील प्रेम विविध उदाहरणांतून पटवून दिले आहे. दुसऱ्या अभंगात संत तुकारामांनी सामान्य लोकांना भोंदूगिरीबाबत जागरूक राहण्याचा संदेश दिला आहे.

The verse ‘Santvani’ includes two Abhangas of Saint Janabai and Saint Tukaram. The poetess conveys the message of love and affection in the first Abhang. She has beautifully explained the love of mother towards her child with various examples. In second Abhanga Saint Tukaram has given the message to be cautions about the practices of fraudulent people.

अभंगाचा भावार्थः

अभंग 1. संत जनाबाई

1. पक्षी दूर आकाशात उडतो आणि आपल्या पिल्लांसाठी चारा घेऊन येतो. ।।1।।
2. घार आकाशात घिरट्या घालते. परंतु शेवटी जमिनीवरील आपल्या पिल्लांसाठी ममतेने झेप घेते. ।।2।।
3. आई आपल्या कामांमध्ये गुंतलेली असली तरी तिचे सगळे लक्ष आपल्या बाळाकडे असते. ।।3।।
4. माकड (वानर) झाडांवरून उड्या मारताना देखील आपल्या पिल्लाला पोटाशी पकडून ठेवते. ।।4।।
5. त्याप्रमाणे आमचा विठ्ठल आम्हांला आईसमान असून मी माझ्या विठ्ठलामध्ये आई शोधत रहाते. ।।5।।

अभंग 2. संत तुकाराम

1. भोंदू, तोतये असे कसे जे पाप करूनही स्वत:ला सज्जन म्हणवून घेतात.।।1।।
2. साधूचे सोंग आणण्यासाठी अंगाला राख फासतात आणि नंतर मात्र डोळे झाकून पाप करण्यास मोकळे होतात. भोळ्या जनतेची फसवणूक करतात. ।।2।।
3. आपण स्वत: मोहमायेपासून दूर असल्याचा, वैराग्य धारण केल्याचा आव आणतात. परंतु चैनीच्या सर्व गोष्टींचा भोग घेतात. ।।3।।
4. संत तुकाराम म्हणतात, अशा भोंदू लोकांच्या किती गोष्टी सांगू? यांची संगती नसलेली बरी. अशांपासून दूर राहणे चांगले. ।।4।।

शब्दार्थ:

1. पक्षी – खग – bird
2. दिगंतर – आकाश – sky
3. बालक – शिशु – child
4. झाप – झेप, उडी – leap
5. चित्त – लक्ष, ध्यान – mind, attention
6. उदर – पोटाचा भाग – abdomen, belly
7. पिली – पिल्ले – kids
8. वात्सल्य – प्रेम, ममता – affection, love
9. अनन्यसाधारण – अजिबात साधे नसलेले – ideographic
10. कर्म – कृती – act
11. उत्कट – अतिशय उत्साही, भरून वाहणारा – ardent
12. मोदू – तोतया – imposter, counterfeit
13. राख – भस्म, रक्षा – ash
14. डोळे – नेत्र, नयन – eyes
15. वैराग्य – मोहमायेपासून दूर, अलगपणा – dispassion
16. संगती – सोबत – company
17. जागरूक – सावध – vigilant, careful
18. साधू – सज्जन, संत – saint
19. पाप – कुकर्म – sin
20. विषय – (येथे अर्थ) चैनीच्या गोष्टी – luxury
21. तातडीने – घाईने (Hurriedly)
22. गंभीरता – (Seriousness)
23. बेकायदेशीर – कायदेशीर नसलेले (illegally)
24. फुशारकी – बढाई (Boasting)
25. तंत्रज्ञान – (Technology)
26. तल्लीन – मग्न (engrossive)
27. समकालीन – एकाच काळातील (contemporary)
28. आभास – खोटा विश्वास, भास, भ्रम (illusion)
29. चित्त – लक्ष (attention)
30. चारा – अन्न (food)
31. जनी – संत जनाबाई
32. जागरूक – सावध (attentive, careful)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati पुनरावर्तन – २ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions पुनरावर्तन – २

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions पुनरावर्तन – २ Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में कौन-से पंचमाक्षर छिपे हुए हैं, सोचिए और लिखिए।

Answer:

Question 2.
पाठ्यपुस्तक में आए संयुक्ताक्षरयुक्त तीन-तीन शब्द ढूंढिए। उनके संयुक्ताक्षर बनने के प्रकारानुसार वर्गीकरण कीजिए।

Answer:

(क) अस्पताल – अस्पताल में शांति बनाए रखनी चाहिए।
रक्तदान – रक्तदान महादान के समान है। सप्ताह
सप्ताह – सप्ताह में सात दिन होते हैं। संयुक्ताक्षरयुक्त

(ख) संस्कृति – हमारी संस्कृति सबसे अच्छी है।
पत्नी – चित्रकार की पत्नी समझदार थी।
स्वयं – अपना कार्य स्वयं करना चाहिए।

(ग) प्रत्येक – प्रत्येक कार्य सोच-समझकर करना चाहिए।
बुद्धिमानी – अकबर बीरबल की बुद्धिमानी से परिचित थे।
समस्या – भ्रष्टाचार आज की महत्त्वपूर्ण समस्या है।

(घ) शब्द – हमें अपनी शब्द-संपदा बढ़ानी चाहिए।
व्यक्ति – हर व्यक्ति को अपनी भाषा बोलनी चाहिए।
रहस्य – सभी रहस्यात्मक कहानियों में कुछ-न-कुछ रहस्य होते ही हैं।

उपक्रम:

Question 1.
प्रतिदिन किसी अपठित गद्यांश पर आधारित ऐसे चार प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए; जिनके उत्तर एक-एक वाक्य में हों।
Answer:
(छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।)

Question 2.
प्रति सप्ताह विद्यालय की विशेष उल्लेखनीय घटना
Answer:

Question 3.
प्रत्येक सत्र में ग्राफिक्स, वर्ड आर्ट आदि की सहायता सूचना पट्ट पर लिखिए। से एक-एक विषय पर विज्ञापन बनाइए।
Answer:

प्रकल्प:

Question 1.
हिंदी की महिला कवयित्री संबंधित जानकारी पर आधारित व्यक्तिगत अथवा सामूहिक प्रकल्प तैयार कीजिए।
Answer:
छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati अभ्‍यास – ३ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions अभ्‍यास – ३

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions अभ्‍यास – ३ Textbook Questions and Answers

चित्रकथा:

चित्रवाचन करके अपने शब्दों में कहानी लिखो और उचित शीर्षक बताओ । अंतिम चित्र में दोनों ने एक-दूसरे से क्या कहा होगा ? लिखो :

Answer:

सच्चा मित्र:

ज्ञानपूर गाँव में दो मित्र रहते थे। एक का नाम था रामू और दूसरे का नाम था श्यामू। दोनों में गहरी दोस्ती थी। एक दिन दोनों व्यवसाय के काम से बाहर गए। चलते-चलते दोपहर हो गई। वे एक वृक्ष के पास बैठकर खाना खाने लगे। उसी समय एक भालू उसी तरफ आते दिखाई पड़ा। दोनों डर गए। दोनों भागने लगे। अचानक रामू को एक उपाय सुझा; वह पेड़ पर चढ़ गया। श्यामू पेड़ पर चढ़ना नहीं जानता था। वह डर गया। डर के मारे वह जमीन पर ही सो गया। उसने आँखें बंद कर ली। भालू उसके नजदीक आया और उसके कान के पास मुँह लगाकर सूंघने लगा। रामू पेड़ पर बैठे-बैठे यह सब देख रहा था। थोड़ी देर में भालू दूसरी तरफ जाने लगा। भालू के चले जाने पर रामू नीचे उतरकर आया। उसने श्यामू को बताया कि भालू दूर जा चुका है। रामू ने श्यामू से पूछा कि भालू तुम्हारे कान में क्या कह रहा था? श्यामू ने कहा कि कुछ खास नहीं। उसने इतना ही कहा कि मुसीबत में जो मित्र अकेला छोड़कर भाग जाए ऐसे धोखेबाज मित्र से सावधान रहना चाहिए। रामू अपने किए पर लज्जित हो गया। उसने वचन दिया कि आगे से वह ऐसा नहीं करेगा।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati अभ्‍यास – २ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions अभ्‍यास – २

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions अभ्‍यास – २ Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
‘यातायात सप्ताह’ तथा ‘क्रीडा सप्ताह’ पर पोस्टर बनाइए और कक्षा में प्रदर्शनी लगाइए।
(सामग्री – चित्र, चार्ट पेपर, समाचार पत्र, पत्रिका की कतरने, उद्घोष आदि।)
Answer:
छात्र अपेक्षित कृति स्वयं करेंगे।

Question 2.
दिए गए शब्द कार्ड देखिए, पढ़िए और उनकी सहायता से सरल, मिश्र तथा संयुक्त वाक्य बनाकर कक्षा में सुनाइए।
(एक शब्द कार्ड का प्रयोग अनेक बार कर सकते हैं।)

Answer:
सरल वाक्य:
(१) भारत उत्तम देश है।
(२) यह उत्तम घर है।
(३) यह वही घर है।
(४) यह जी रहा है।

संयुक्त वाक्य:
सड़क की बाईं ओर घर है और दाई ओर कुऔं है।
भारत उत्तम देश है और यह राष्ट्रीय एकात्मता का उदाहरण हैं। कुएँ का पानी उत्तम है और वह सड़क के दाई ओर है।

मिश्र वाक्य:
जहाँ सड़क है, वहीं बाई ओर कुआँ है।
जहाँ पानी है, वही दाई ओर घर है।
भारत में राष्ट्रीय एकात्मता है क्योंकि यह उत्तम देश है।

Question 3.
‘रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता है।’ इस वाक्य को सभी काल में परिवर्तित करके उसका भेद लिखिए।

Answer:
वर्तमानकाल:
(१) सामान्य वर्तमानकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता है।
(२) अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ रहा है।
(३) संदिग्ध वर्तमानकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता होगा।

भूतकाल:
(१) सामान्य भूतकाल . रमेश ने पुस्तक पड़ा।
(२) पूर्ण भूतकाल – रमेश ने पुस्तक पढ़ा था।
(३) अपूर्ण भूतकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ रहा था।
(४) संदिग्ध भूतकाल – रमेश ने पुस्तक पढ़ा होगा।
(५) हेतुहेतुमद् भूतकाल – यदि रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता तो पास हो जाता।

भविष्य काल:
(१) सामान्य भविष्यकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ेगा।
(२) संभाव्य भविष्यकाल – शायद रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ेगा।

Question 4.
अपने आसपास दिखाई देने वाले सांकेतिक चिह्नों के चित्र बनाओ और उन्हें नामांकित करो।
Answer:
छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।