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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 19 Constituents of Food

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
The body requires adequate quantity of protein.
Answer:
To meet the requirement of protein necessary for our body, we should consume protein rich food. We should include foods like, eggs, meat, fish, pulses, beans and dairy products like cheese, milk, yoghurt etc. in our diet. Vegetarian people should include at least one cup (katon) of dal daily in their diet as that is the only source of protein in their diet.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Why are children told to drink milk everyday?
Answer:
Children are growing tall and hence their bones are also growing. Calcium is needed for strong bones. Hence children need to get large amounts of calcium, for proper growth of bones. Milk is a source of calcium which can supply the required amount of calcium necessary for growth of bones. Therefore children are told to drink milk everyday.

3. Give two sources of each of the following constituents:

Question 1.
Give two sources of each of the following constituents:
Answer:

Constituents	Examples of Sources of food
(a) Minerals	(1) Milk (2) Green leafy vegetables
(b) Proteins	(1) Egg (2) Pulses
(c) Starch	(1) Potato (2) Jowar

4. Fill in the blanks:

Question (a)
………………….. in our food give us the ability to resist diseases.
(a) proteins
(b) vitamins
(c) fats
Answer:
(b) vitamins

Question (b)
Calcium makes our bones …………………… .
(a) strong
(b) weak
(c) smooth
Answer:
(a) strong

Question (c)
Food stuff that taste sweet contain various kinds of ……………….. .
(a) sugars
(b) jaggery
(c) honey
Answer:
(a) sugars

Question (d)
A diet that provides all the constituents of food in the right proportions is called a …………….. diet.
(a) irregular
(b) regular
(c) balanced
Answer:
(c) balanced

5. Answer the following questions.

Question (a)
Of what use are the sugars that we get from the digestion of starch?
Answer:
The sugars obtained from digestion of starch bum slowly in our body and release energy which is necessary for doing various works.

Question (b)
Name the sources of fibre in our diet.
Answer:
Sources of fibres in our diet are cereals, like wheat, jowar, bajra etc. from which we make chapati or bhakari and all the fruits and vegetables that we eat.

Question (c)
What are carbohydrates?
Answer:
Constituents of food like starch, fibres and sugars that provide energy to our body are called carbohydrates.

Question (d)
What is meant by malnutrition?
Answer:
Our diet should supply various constituents like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, viatmins and minerals in the right proportion for proper nourishment and growth. If the diet taken lacks in some constituents over a long period of time, the person does not get proper nourishment. This leads to a condition called malnutrition . Malnutrition has serious consequence on health. Lack of sufficient quantities of proteins and carbohydrates lead to stunted growth.

6. Match the following:

Question 1.
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Fats	(a) Jowar
2. Proteins	(b) Oil
3. Vitamins	(c) Bran of cereals
4. Minerals	(d) Pulses
5. Starchy foods	(e) Iron

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Fats	(b) Oil
2. Proteins	(d) Pulses
3. Vitamins	(c) Bran of cereals
4. Minerals	(e) Iron
5. Starchy foods	(a) Jowar

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 19 Constituents of Food Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
Starch turns blackish blue when it comes in contact with ………………… solution.
(a) sodium
(b) calcium
(c) iodine
Answer:
(c) iodine

Question 2.
Cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat, rice contain a lot of ………………. .
(a) starch
(b) protein
(c) vitamin
Answer:
(a) starch

Question 3.
When the starchy foods we eat are digested …………………. are formed.
(a) chocolate
(b) sugars
(c) fuel
Answer:
(b) sugars

Question 4.
Sugars formed by the digestion of starch act as ………………… of our body.
(a) strength
(b) fuel
(c) muscles
Answer:
(b) fuel

Question 5.
Fibre is also called …………………. .
(a) muscles
(b) fruits
(c) roughage
Answer:
(c) roughage

Question 6.
If our diet does not contain enough fibre, it can lead to ……………….. .
(a) constipation
(b) vomiting
(c) fever
Answer:
(a) constipation

Question 7.
……………… deposited under the skin prevents loss of heat from the body.
(a) Fats
(b) Oil
(c) Muscles
Answer:
(a) Fats

Question 8.
…………………. are known as the building blocks of our body.
(a) Vitamins
(b) Proteins
(c) Carbohydrates
Answer:
(b) Proteins

Question 9.
Night blindness is caused due to lack of …………………… .
(a) vitamin D
(b) vitamin A
(c) vitamin B
Answer:
(b) vitamin A

Question 10.
Deficiency of ……………….. leads to anaemia.
(a) calcium
(b) protein
(c) iron
Answer:
(c) iron

Question 11.
When a person does not get enough proteins and carbohydrates through their diet their growth is ………….. .
(a) increased
(b) decreased
(c) stunted
Answer:
(c) stunted

Question 12.
Sago and sweet potato contain …………………… .
(a) starch
(b) protein
(c) carbohydrates
Answer:
(a) starch

Question 13.
Cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat, rice contain a lot of ………………… .
(a) protein
(b) starch
(c) fuel
Answer:
(b) starch

Question 14.
We get …………………. from starchy foods.
(a) fuel
(b) energy
(c) sugar
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 15.
Our body uses energy for different kinds of …………………. .
(a) food
(b) fuel
(c) work
Answer:
(c) work

Question 16.
Wheat is ground into a ………………… .
(a) fuel
(b) paste
(c) flour
Answer:
(c) flour

Question 17.
Bran is a …………………. substance.
(a) fibrous
(b) starchy
(c) sticky
Answer:
(a) fibrous

Question 18.
In the process of digestion, fibre has a function.
(a) festive
(b) special
(c) delicious
Answer:
(b) special

Question 19.
……………………. helps to form stool from undigested food.
(a) Protein
(b) Sugar
(c) Fibre
Answer:
(c) Fibre

Question 20.
Oil is a ………………. substance.
(a) fatty
(b) sugary
(c) fibrous
Answer:
(a) fatty

Question 21.
Paper becomes ………………… when a fatty substance is applied to it.
(a) pulpy
(b) translucent
(c) sticky
Answer:
(b) translucent

Question 22.
Fats in our food provide ……………… to our body.
(a) energy
(b) starch
(c) sugar
Answer:
(a) energy

Question 23.
Fats give …………………. as much energy as carbohydrates.
(a) once
(b) twice
(c) thrice
Answer:
(b) twice

Question 24.
The fats we eat get …………………. in our body.
(a) used
(b) digested
(c) stored
Answer:
(c) stored

Question 25.
The ………………….. undergoes wear and tear continuously.
(a) body
(b) mind
(c) soul
Answer:
(a) body

Question 26.
Malnutrition has serious …………………. for the person’s health.
(a) essentials
(b) viruses
(c) consequences
Answer:
(c) consequences

2.

Question (A)
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron deficiency	(a) Weak and brittle bones
2. Calcium deficiency	(b) Malnutrition
3. Vitamin A deficiency	(c) Weak bones and teeth
4. Vitamin D deficiency	(d) Anaemia
5. Proteins and Carbohydrate deficiency	(e) Night blindness

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Iron deficiency	(d) Anaemia
2. Calcium deficiency	(c) Weak bones and teeth
3. Vitamin A deficiency	(e) Night blindness
4. Vitamin D deficiency	(a) Weak and brittle bones
5. Proteins and Carbohydrate deficiency	(b) Malnutrition

Question (B)
Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Constituent of food giving energy	(a) Iron
2. Costituent of food needed for repair	(b) Vitamins
3. Constituent of food proetcting internal organs	(c) Proteins
4. Constituents of food helping in resisting diseases	(d) Carbohydrates
5. Constituent of food necessary to supply enough oxygen	(e) Fats

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Constituent of food giving energy	(d) Carbohydrates
2. Costituent of food needed for repair	(c) Proteins
3. Constituent of food proetcting internal organs	(e) Fats
4. Constituents of food helping in resisting diseases	(b) Vitamins
5. Constituent of food necessary to supply enough oxygen	(a) Iron

Question 1.
Give two sources of each of the following constituents:
Answer:

Constituents	Examples of Sources of food
(a) Vitamin A	(1) Carrots (2) Papaya
(b) Calcium	(1) Milk, cheese (Dairy products) (2) brocoli (3) Leafy vegetables
(c) Fats	(1) Oils (2) Butter (3) Peanut
(d) Iron	(1) Meat (2) Spinach (palak)
(e) Vitamin C	(1) Lemon (2) Tomatoes (3) Sprouted pulses
(f) Sugars	(1) Fruits (2) Sugarcane
(g) Vitamin D	(1) Fish oil like (Cod liver oil) (2) egg yolk
(h) Vitamin B	(1) Nuts (2) Green leafy vegetables like spinach, broccoli etc. (3) cereals (wheat, millet)

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
How will you detect the presence of starch in food?
Answer:
The presence of starch in food is detected by adding iodine solution. If the food turns bluish black then starch is present.

Question 2.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet which provides all the constituents like, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals in right quantities is called a balanced diet.

Question 3.
Which food constituents are necessary for normal functioning of various processes in our body and help in maintaining resistance to diseases.
Answer:
Vitamins and minerals are the food constituents which are necessary for normal functioning of various processes in our body and help in maintaining resistance to diseases.

Question 4.
Why are proteins called building blocks of our body?
Answer:
Proteins help in healing and repairing of our body which undergoes wear and tear continuously and it also helps in building muscles. Therefore they are called building blocks of our body.

Question 5.
Which mineral in necessary for carrying oxygen to different parts of our body?
Answer:
Iron is necessary for carrying oxygen to different parts of our body.

Question 6.
Which minerals and vitamin help to make our bones strong?
Answer:
Vitamin D and the mineral calcium makes our bones strong.

Question 7.
What do we obtain from cereals?
Answer:
We obtain flour from cereals like jowar, bajra, wheat and rice.

Question 8.
What is the sugar obtined from jaggery and table sugar called?
Answer:
Sugar obtained from jaggery and table sugar is called sucrose.

Question 9.
How does fibrous substance help in our digestion?
Answer:
Fibrous substances help the food to move forward in the alimentary canal at the right speed.

Question 10.
How is carbohydrates useful to the body?
Answer:
The most important use of carbohydrates is to provide the body with energy.

Question 11.
What happens if our food does not contain enough fibre?
Answer:
If our food does not contain enough fibre it can lead to constipation.

Question 12.
What does paper becoming translucent signify?
Answer:
Paper becoming translucent is a sign of the presence of fats in the food stuff kept on it.

Question 13.
Which food item contain fats?
Answer:
Cream, butter, ghee, oil, nuts, meat, egg, yolk contain fats.

Question 14.
Why does our body store the fats we eat?
Answer:
Our body store the fats we eat because if sometimes food is not available then it can get energy from the stored fats.

Question 15.
Where does the body store fats?
Answer:
The body stores fats in a layer under the skin.

Question 16.
How does fats under the skin help us?
Answer:
The fats under the skin gives shape to the body and like a blanket prevents loss of heat from the body.

Question 17.
How are our internal organs protected?
Answer:
The layer of fat in the body protects our internal organs, that is why, an injury from outside does not at once cause damage to our bones or other internal organs.

Question 18.
Why is protein required in our body?
Answer:
The healing and repair of the tissues in our body goes on all the time without us being aware of it. Proteins are necessary for this process.

Question 19.
Which food stuff contains protein?
Answer:
All the different daals, pulses, groundnuts, milk and milk products like yoghurt, khoya, paneer, eggs, meat and fish are rich sources of proteins.

Question 20.
What are macronutrients?
Answer:
Our body requires carbohydrates, fats and proteins in large proportions. These food constituents are called macronutrients.

Question 21.
What are micronutrients?
Answer:
We need certain food constituents in very small quantities. These are called micronutrients, e.g. vitamins and minerals.

Question 22.
Which vitamins are most important vitamins?
Answer:
Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K are the most important vitamins.

Question 23.
Why do we need vitamins in our body?
Answer:
We need very small quantities of vitamins in . our body as lack of or deficiency of any vitamin
results in serious disorders.

Question 24.
What does deficiency of vitamin ‘A’ lead to?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin A leads to night blindness.

Question 25.
What does deficiency of vitamin D lead to?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin D results in weak and brittle2 bones.

Question 26.
Which minerals are essential for the body?
Answer:
Minerals like iron, calcium, sodium, potassium are essential for the body.

Question 27.
What is ‘anaemia’?
Answer:
If there is a deficiency of iron in the blood, the body does not get enough supply of oxygen and one feels constantly weak and tired. This condition is called ‘anaemia’.

Question 28.
What are the sources of vitamins and minerals?
Answer:
All kinds of fruits, vegetables, green leafy vegetables, sprouted, pulses, their skin and the bran of cereals and pulses are all sources of vitamins and minerals.

Question 29.
What is the requirement for our good health?
Answer:
For good health, our body should get all the different constituents of food, namely, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals in the right quantities.

Question 30.
What happens when a person does not get enough carbohydrates and proteins?
Answer:
If a person does not get enough carbohydrates and proteins, their growth gets stunted, he feels constantly tired and cannot cope with his studies, games or other tasks.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
We should eat fruits with their skins as far as possible.
Answer:

1. The skin of fruits contains, fibres, viatmins and minerals.
2. Vitamins and minerals help our body to resistance.
3. Vitamins and minerals also help in smooth working of all the process taking place in our body.
4. The roughage present in skin allow the smooth movement of food in the alimentary canal and hence prevents constipation.

Therefore we should eat fruits with their skins as far as possible.

Question 2.
Growing children and body builders need to have more proteins in their diet.
Answer:
Proteins are the building blocks of our body. They are needed for healing and repairing the wear and tear taking place in our body. They are also needed for building muscles. Since building up processes take place more in growing children and body builders, their diet should contain more proteins.

Question 3.
If a person is suffering from anaemia, he constantly feels weak and tired.
Answer:
A person suffers from anaemia when he has iron deficiency. Iron is present in the blood cells. Iron helps transporting oxygen to various parts of our body. The oxygen is used to bum the sugars slowly and release energy. This energy releases is used for doing various work.

When there is deficiency of iron, sufficient oxygen is not transported and supplied to various parts of the body. Due to less supply oxygen less energy is released from sugars. Due to lack of energy the person suffering from anaemia constantly feels weak and tired.

Question 4.
It is necessary to include some amount of fats in our food.
Answer:
Fats are stored in our body and when food is not available the body uses this fat to release energy. The fats stored give shape to our body and also prevent loss of heat from our body. This helps in keeping the body warm. The fats also protect our internal organs from damage. Therefore it is necessary to include some amount of fat in our food.

Question 5.
We doesnot wash vegetables after cutting them.
Answer:
Vegetables conatin vitamins and minerals which get washed away if vegetables are washed after cutting them. Hence we do not wash vegetables after cutting them.

Question 6.
State whether the following statements are right or wrong:

1. By eating vada pav daily we can fulfill the nutritional requirement of our body.
2. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet.
3. Our diet will be balanced diet if it contains, variety of food, like dal, rice, roti, vegetable, cereals and salads.
4. Daily eating meat alone would provide all the nutrients to the body.
5. Eating vegetables and fruits makes a person disease resistant.

Answer:

1. Wrong
2. Right
3. Right
4. Wrong
5. Right

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Read the items of food listed below:
Classify them into carbohydrates rich, protein rich and fat rich food and write it in the tabular form.
Chick pea (chana) dal, fish, mustard oil, sweet potato, rice, peas, maize, white bread, sweet corn, paneer, egg, palm oil, ghee, butter.
Answer:

Carbohydrate rich	Protein rich	Fat rich
Rice	Chickpea dal (chana dal)	Mustard oil
Sweet potato	Fish	Palm oil
Maize	Peas	Ghee
White bread	Paneer	Butter
Sweet corn	Egg

Question 4.
Why do we use a padding of cloth under a mortar, when we place it on the floor and pound something on it?
Answer:
The cloth serves as shock absorberIt prevents the floor from getting damaged from the vibrations of the mortar and pestle by absorbing these vibrations. Thus we use the cloth to protect the floor and prevent from cracking due to the providng of the mortar and pestle.

Question 5.
How can you test presence of starch in food?
Answer:
We should take the food item and mash it and put it in a test tube and add some drops of iodine solution. If the colour changes to blackish blue, starch is present. If it remains pale yellow . starch is absent.

Question 6.
What are vitamins?
Answer:
Vitamins are components of foods which help us to fight diseases and they build up our resistance. They are required in small quantities. There are different kinds of vitamins like vitamin A, B, C, D, K and E. The main sources of vitamins are green leafy vegetables and fruits.

Question 7.
Why are carbohydrates called energy giving food?
Answer:
When carbohydrates are digested they are converted to sugars. The sugars combine with oxygen and bum slowly in our body releasing energy. This energy is utilised for doing various work. Hence carbohydrates are called energy giving food.

Question 8.
State the functions of fats in our body.
Answer:
Fats provide energy like carbohydrates. They are stored in our body and are utilised to provide energy when carbohydrates are not available. They give shape to our body and prevent heat loss. Hence they keep our body warm. They also proetct our internal organs from damage as they act like shock absorber.

What’s the solution?

Question 1.
Sameer is having difficulty in seeing things in dim light. Specially he has difficulty in seeing at night. Doctor suggested he is suffering from Night blindness.
Answer:
Sameer is suffering from Vitamin A deficiency. So he should include foods rich in vitamin A. He should include foods like carrots, pumpkins, green leafy vegetables, raddish, mango, papaya in his diet. He can also take vitamin A drops which are given by the doctors in Municipal hospital.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
What substances do we use to give our food a sweet taste?
Answer:
We use sugar and jaggery to give our food a sweet taste. Sometimes dates, also are used to give sweet taste.

Question 2.
What are the preparations that are served as mid day meal?
Answer:
Mostly Khichdi made by cooking mixture of rice, pulses like moongdal, groundnuts, vegetables etc. is served as mid day meal. This is a whole some food as it serves all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fats and vitamins. Sometimes snacks like upma and poha are also served as mid day meal.

Question 3.
Why are boxes of fragile articles like TV, refrigerator, light, bulbs, glasses, mirrors packed with corrugated cardboard, thermocol or bubble wrap?
Answer:
The corrugated cardboard, thermocol or bubble wrap absorb the shocks, when there is a jerky movement and protect the fragile articles from getting damaged. Therefore they are used for packing these fragile articles.

Question 4.
Suppose a wall is to be built. The cement, sand, water is all there but the mason says the most important material is missing. What can that be?
Answer:
The bricks which are building blocks are missing. Without these the walls cannot be built.

Use your brain power:

Question 1.
Threads get stick between the teeth when we eat certain types of magoes. Which kind of carbohydrates are they?
Answer:
The threads found in mangoes are made up of fibres and they are a type of carbohydrate.

Question 2.
Do we get all the different constituents of food from a meal that consists of a green veg thalipeeth eaten with yoghurt?
Answer:
Thalipeeth is made from a flour made by grinding a mixture of cereals and pulses. Cereals and pulses will provide us with carbohydrate and proteins. Green vegetable added to it will provide us with vitamins and some minerals. Yoghurt will also provide us with minerals and proteins. Therefore we will get all the constituents needed if we eat this green veg thalipeeth with yoghurt.

Question 3.
Which food constituents do we get from the ingredients used to make bhel?
Answer:
From the murmura or puffed rice used we get carbohydrates. The sev and farsan used provide, proteins and fats. The vegetables like onion, tomato, coriander etc. provide us with vitamins and minerals. The (sweet and hot) chutneys used also provide us with sugars, vitamins and minerals.

Question 4.
Why do we feel hungrier in winter than we do in summer?
Answer:
The sugars obtained by digestion of carbohydrates are slowly burnt to release energy. Some of the energy released is utilised by the body to generate heat and keep the body warm. During winter when the temperature outside is cold. Therefore the body needs to bum more sugar to generate more heat to keep the body warm. Whereas in summer less heat is required so less sugar is burnt to produce heat.

Since more sugar is required in winter to keep the body warm than in summer, we feel hungrier in winter than we do in summer.

Glossary:

1. resisting – trying to prevent.
2. brittle – hard but can break easily
3. stunted – reduced, spoiled.
4. anaemia – weakness.
5. malnutrition – lack of proper nutrition
6. absorber – reduce the effect of
7. pestle – a device used since ancient times to prepare ingredients or substances by crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or powder.
8. corrugated – a series of parallel ridges and furrows
9. fragile – not strong.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 10 Historic Period Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Historic Period

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 10 Historic Period Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question in one sentence.

Question a.
Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village settlements?
Answer:
The people in the New Stone Age established their village-settlements on the banks of rivers.

Question b.
What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making?
Answer:
The Harappan craftsmen were highly skilled in making bronze objects and beads from semi-precious stones of different colours.

2. Answer the following question in brief.

Question a.
What are some of the well-known characteristics of Harappan cities?
Answer:
The well-known characteristics of Harappan cities are :

1. Systematic town planning.
2. The houses were built in blocks created by parallel roads that crossed each other at right angles.
3. Huge granaries and spacious houses.
4. Concern for public hygiene indicated by bathrooms and latrines in every house and a covered drainage system.
5. Carefully constructed private and public wells.
6. City divided into two to four parts, each having a separate fortification.

Question b.
What made the soil on the banks of the Nile fertile?
Answer:

1. The river Nile gets flooded every year.
2. The land along her banks has become very fertile due to flood deposits.
3. Small embankments were built on the river to store the floodwater.
4. After the soil in the flood water settled to the bottom, the water was used for irrigation.

3. Complete the following chart.

Question 1.
Complete the following chart.

Activities :

Question a.
Show the sites of Harappan Culture in an outline map of india.

Question b.
Visit various artistes in your locality who play musical instruments. Collect information a bout their instruments.

Question c.
Visit some senior citizens in your locality and collect information about the traditional sports and games of their times.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 10 Historic Period Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.

1. ………………….. records are available in the form of inscriptions, manuscripts, books, etc.
2. We humans change the natural character of our …………….. to some extent.
3. Humans do not eat their ……………….. in its natural form as other animals do.
4. Humans make pots, bricks and many other things from ……………
5. Cultures which flourished in the New Stone Age were based on an ………………… way of life.
6. Fertile soil and constant water supply are essential to grow good ………
7. People in the New Stone Age established their village-settlements on the banks of various
8. New Stone Age cultures gave rise to early …………
9. The civilizations of the four regions are known as ……… Civilizations.
10. Mesopotamia is the name of a ………………….
11. Mesopotamia means the ………………… between two rivers.
12. Ancient Mesopotamia was the land between two rivers ………………….. and …………
13. Ancient ……………. has great cities like Ur, Uruk, Nippur etc.
14. The river ………………. flows through the eastern part of the Sahara Desert
15. One of the ancient civilizations that flourished along the banks of river Nile is known as ……………… civilization
16. The ancient civilization of China developed and flourished in the valley of the ……………… river.
17. According to the Chinese tradition, a king named ………………….. introduced agriculture, animal husbandry, carts, chariots, boats and clothing in China.
18. Luoyang, Beijing and Chang are among the important cities of ancient ………… .
19. The earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent is known as ………… civilization.
20. ……………. in Punjab and ……..in Sind are the two sites of the ………………… civilization.
21. The Harappan worshipped……………. and a mother goddess.
22. ……………….. and ………………. were important means of entertainment in Harappan civilization.
23. Games played with the help of game boards and ………….. were also popular.
24. Music and ……………. were also very important in the early civilization.
25. Ancient people used many types of ……… instruments.
26. In Mesopotamia, a stringed instrument ………… known as ……………… was very popular.
27. Egyptian kings were known as ………..
28. A bronze image of a …………….. was found in excavation at Mohen-jo-daro.

Answer:

1. written
2. surroundings
3. food
4. clay
5. agricultural
6. crop
7. rivers
8. civilizations
9. Riverine
10. region
11. and
12. Tigris, Euphrates
13. Mesopotamia
14. Nile
15. Egyptian
16. Huang He
17. Huangdi
18. China
19. Harappan
20. Harappa, Mohen-jo-daro
21. Pashupati
22. hunting, wrestling
23. gamesmen
24. dance
25. musical
26. Balag
27. Pharaoh
28. dancer.

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence :

Question 1.
How are written records available?
Answer:
Written records are available in the form of inscriptions, manuscripts, books etc.

Question 2.
What brought an end to the New Stone Age?
Answer:
With the rise of ancient civilization, the New Stone Age came to an end and the Historic Period began.

Question 3.
What is a significant difference between humans and animals?
Answer:
Animals do not bring about change in their environment, whereas humans change the character of their surroundings, they process substances from nature to suit their needs. This is the significant difference between humans and animals.

Question 4.
Where did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village-settlements?
Answer:
The people in the New Stone Age established their village settlements on the banks of various rivers.

Question 5.
Why did the people in the New Stone Age establish their village-settlements on the banks of various rivers?
Answer:
Fertile soil and constant water supply are essential to grow good crops. Since the people in the New Stone Age followed the agricultural way of life, they established their village settlements on the banks of various rivers.

Question 6.
What gave rise to the early civilizations?
Answer:
Increased production because of industrial skills, the use of the wheel, flourishing of trade, use of well-developed scripts etc. gave rise to the early civilization.

Question 7.
In which four regions of the world did the ancient civilization come into existence?
Answer:
Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent and China are the four regions of the world where ancient civilization came into existence.

Question 8.
What are these four civilizations called? Why?
Answer:
The ancient civilizations in these four regions developed in river valleys and hence they are called ‘Riverine Civilizations!

Question 9.
What does Mesopotamia mean?
Answer:
Mesopotamia means ‘Land between two rivers’

Question 10.
Between which two rivers did Mesopotamia bloom?
Answer:
Mesopotamia bloomed between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates.

Question 11.
Which were the ancient cities in Mesopotamia?
Answer:
Cities like Ur, Uruk, Nippur blossomed in ancient Mesopotamia.

Question 12.
Where did the Egyptian Civilization flourish?
Answer:
The Egyptian Civilization flourished along the banks of river Nile in the north of Africa.

Question 13.
Where did the ancient civilization at China flourish?
Answer:
The ancient civilization of China flourished in the valley of the Huang He River.

Question 14.
What did the Chinese King introduce to the civilization?
Answer:
A Chinese king Huangdi introduced agriculture, animal husbandry, wheeled carts and chariots, boats and clothing in China.

Question 15.
What was the ancient Chinese belief?
Answer:
The ancient Chinese believed that their queen invented the technique of silk production and silk dyeing

Question 16.
Which were the important cities of ancient China?
Answer:
Luoyang, Beijing and Chang were the important cities of ancient China.

Question 17.
Which was the earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization was the earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent.

Question 18.
Where did the Harappan Civilization develop?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization developed in the Indus Valley.

Question 19.
‘Indus’ is the English word for which name?
Answer:
‘Indus is the English word for the name ‘Sindhu’.

Question 20.
Which two sites of Harappan Civilization was unearthed first?
Answer:
Harappa in Punjab and Mohenjo-daro in Sind were the two sites of Harappan Civilization.

Question 21.
Which are the famous sites of the Harappan Civilization in India?
Answer:
Lothal and Dhola Vira in Gujarat and Kalibangan in Rajasthan are among the famous sites of the Harappan Civilization in India.

Question 22.
What articles were the Harappan craftsmen skilled at making?
Answer:
The Harappan craftsmen were highly skilled in making bronze objects and beads from precious stones of various colours.

Question 23.
Which things had great demand in Mesopotamia?
Answer:
The bronze objects and beads made of colourful precious stones made by the Harappan craftsman were in great demand in Mesopotamia.

Question 24.
Which were the main deities of the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Pashuapati and a mother goddess were the main deities of the Harappan civilization.

Question 25.
Which were the important sports of the Harappans?
Answer:
Hunting and wrestling were the important sports of the Harappans.

Question 26.
Which were the popular indoor games of the Harappans?
Answer:
Games played with the help of game boards and gamesmen were popular indoor games of the Harappans.

Question 27.
Which indoor game similar to chess was played in ancient Egypt?
Answer:
Senat’ a game similar to chess was played in ancient Egypt

Question 28.
List some toys found in the excavations of Harappan sites.
Answer:
Whirls, whistles, rattles, bullock carts, animals and birds on wheels etc were some of the ‘toy’ found in the excavations of Harappan sites.

Question 29.
What was important in celebrating any festival in early civilizations?
Answer:
Music and dance were very essential in elebrating any festival in early civilizations.

Question 30.
What is ‘Balag’?
Answer:
In Mesopotamia, a stringed instrument known as ‘Balag’ was very popular.

Question 31.
Name some musical instruments in early civilization.
Answer:
Cymbals, rattles, flutes, drums etc. were some of the musical instrumentof the early civilization

Question 32.
What were the Egyptian kings known as?
Answer:
The Egyptian kings were known as ‘Pharaohs’?

Question 33.
What did the Pharaoh do on the occasion of certain festivals?
Answer:
On the occasion of certain festivals, the Pharaoh himself used to participate in the celebrations and dance.

Question 34.
What shows that dance was important in the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The bronze image of a dancer found in the excavation’ at Mohen-jo-daro is evidence that dance was important in the Harappan Civilization.

Question 35.
On what did humans and all other animals depend for satisfying their needs?
Answer:
Humans and all other animals depend on their environment and nature for satisfying their needs.

Question 36.
What are the characteristics of the earthen pots of the Harappan?
Answer:
The characteristics of the earthen ports are that they are well-baked, red in colour with beautiful designs.

Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
What is ‘culture’?
Answer:

1. Every generation hands over the knowledgeof artistic skills and tradition to the next generation.
2. With this exchange of thoughts and ideas, language becomes richer and richer.
3. The knowledge of various arts, skills and tradition inherited from generation to generation and the way of life founded on that knowledge is ‘culture

Question 2.
What made the soil fertile on the banks of Nile?
Answer:
i. River Nile gets flooded every year. The land along her banks becomes very fertile because of the flood deposits.
ii. Ancient Egyptians used to build small embankments on the river to store the flood water. After the soil in the flood water settles at the bottom, the water is then used for irrigation

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of the earthen pots made by the Harappans?
Answer:
The characteristics of the earthen pots made by the Harappans are

1. Well baked pots, red in colour.
2. These pots had beautiful designs like pipal leaves and fish scales.
3. When tapped, these pots produced a metallic sound.

Question 4.
Explain how music and dance were very important in early civilizations.
Answer:

1. Music and dance were very important in the early civilizations.
2. They were an essential part of celebrating a festival.
3. Ancient people used many types of musical instruments like balag, cymbals, rattles, flutes, drums, etc.
4. A bronze image of a dancer was found in the excavation at Mohen-jo-daro is evidence that dance too, was important in the Harappan Civilization.

Question 5.
Which were the games and sports of the ancient civilizations?
Answer:

1. Hunting and wrestling were important sports in the ancient civilizations.
2. There were several games played on game boards like chess.
3. In ancient Egypt people played a game that was similar to chess known as Senat’.

Glossary :

1. rattles : an instrument making rattling sound
2. cymbals : brass instruments
3. worshipped : prayed to
4. bloomed : sprout out
5. dyeing : add a colour to or change a colour
6. excavation : a site that has ben escavated
7. fertile : capable of producing vegetation
8. spacious : having ample space
9. drainage : all the components that carry the sewage and other waste water to a point of disposal
10. hygiene : maintaining cleanlines
11. metallic : made of metal

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Textbook Questions and Answers

1. From the chart below, find out the names of the three periods into which ancient objects are classified and use them to match the three classes given below.

Question 1.
From the chart below, find out the names of the three periods into which ancient objects are classified and use them to match the three classes given below.

S	I	G	P	M	I
C	O	P	P	E	R
A	E	C	O	L	O
S	T	O	N	E	N

a. Stone tools : ………. Age.
b. Copper tools and other copper objects : ………… Age.
c. Iron tools and other iron objects : …………. Age.
Answer:
a. Stone tools : Stone Age.
b. Copper tools and other copper objects : Copper Age.
c. Iron tools and other iron objects : Iron Age.

2. Arrange the following in chronological order.

Question a.
Arrange the following in chronological order.

1. Copper
2. Gold
3. Iron

Answer:

1. Gold
2. Copper
3. Iron.

Question b.
Arrange the following in chronological order.

1. Copper Age
2. Iron Age
3. Stone Age

Answer:

1. Stone Age
2. Copper Age
3. Iron Age.

3. Write about the consequence of the following event.

Question a.
Discovery of copper …………
Answer:
Copper was used for making tools and implements by humans.

Question b.
Discovery of wheel ………..
Answer:
The wheel was first used by the potters and later for running bullock carts and chariots.

Question c.
Use of script …………
Answer:
The script is used for permanent record-keeping production and other events.

4. Write notes.

Question a.
Use of metal.
Answer:

1. Christian Thomsen studied the pre-historic artifacts and antique objects and introduced the ‘Three Age System’ for classifying these objects.
2. The objects were classified into the following order :
   • Stone tools
   • Copper tools and articles
   • Iron tools and articles.
3. Gold was the first metal used. It was a soft metal and could not be used to make tools and implements.
4. Humans discovered copper to make tools and thereby the ‘Copper Age’ began.

Question b.
Social organization in the ancient cities
Answer:

1. The roots of culture in cities were in the culture of village-settlements of the New Stone Age.
2. The earlier faith system, social life, and festivals became more elaborate in cities.
3. Grand temples were built in many cities. Chiefs of these temples became chief administrators of these cities. Later the positions of temple head and King were held by the same individual.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 9 Settled Life and Urban Civilization Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.

1. ……….. in Europe had large collections of pre-historic artefacts and antique objects.
2. A scholar named .. ……….. introduced a method for classifying the pre-historic artefacts.
3. The method put forth by Thomsen is called the Three ………… System.
4. Thomsen established with the help of evidence that ……………. tools were the earliest.
5. The period of ………………. tools and articles was next.
6. It is a belief that ………………….. was the first metal to come into use.
7. Actually, ……. Was the first metal to be used.
8. ……………could not be used to make tools and implements.
9. The invention of the …………….. is the most important invention.
10. The ………… was first used by potters.
11. Once the potters began to use a wheel, it became possible to make pots in …….. numbers.
12. People started making …………… pots with beautiful designs painted on them.
13. As the scale of production increased, ……….. too expanded with it.
14. Wheeled vehicles like ……….. and ………. were first to come into use.
15. It became necessary to keep permanent …… of the expanding trade and growing production.
16. Rise in trade had been a major factor that contributed to the emergence and development of ………… .
17. The social life and …………… based on agricultural faith systems became more elaborate in cities.
18. Grand …………. were built in many cities.
19. Chiefs of those temples became chief ………… of these cities.
20. The positions of the temple head and that of the king went to the …………… individual
21. Urban culture had its roots in the culture …………. of the New Stone Age.

Answer:

1. museums
2. Christian Thomsen
3. Age
4. stone
5. copper
6. copper
7. gold
8. gold
9. wheel
10. wheel
11. large
12. symmetrical
13. trade
14. cart, chariots
15. records
16. cities
17. festivals
18. temples
19. administrators
20. same
21. village-settlements.

Answer each of the following question in one sentence:

Question 1.
Where were the artefacts and antique objects placed?
Answer:
Pre-historic artefacts and antique objects were placed in museums in Europe.

Question 2.
Who introduced the system of classifying the artefacts?
Answer:
A scholar named Christian Thomsen introduced the method for classifying the artefacts.

Question 3.
What was the system introduced by Christian Thomsen called?
Answer:
The classifying system by Thomsen was called the “Three Age System’.

Question 4.
Into which periods were the artefacts classified?
Answer:
They were classified into three periods i.e. Stone Age, Copper Age and Iron Age respectively.

Question 5.
Which was the first metal to be used?
Answer:
Gold was the first metal to be used.

Question 6.
Why could gold not be used to make tools and implements?
Answer:
Gold is a soft metal so it could be used to make tools and implements.

Question 7.
Which other metal was discovered?
Answer:
Copper was discovered.

Question 8.
Which was the most important invention in the Copper Age?
Answer:
The invention of the wheel was the most important invention in the Copper Age.

Question 9.
By whom was the wheel first used by?
Answer:
Wheel was first used by potters.

Question 10.
With the use of wheel, what was possible for the potters?
Answer:
With the use of the wheel, the potters were able to make a large number of symmetrical and beautiful pots.

Question 11.
Why did potters and other craftsmen began to live close to each other in the settlements?
Answer:
In the village settlements, the potters and craftsmen lived close to each other so as to manage their work more easily.

Question 12.
What led to the expansion of trade?
Answer:
Increase in production led to the expansion of the trade.

Question 13.
Which wheeled vehicles came in to use?
Answer:
Wheeled vehicles like carts and chariots came into use.

Question 14.
What happened when carts and chariots were introduced?
Answer:
Long distance trade and rapid transport of goods became possible with the introduction of wheels into transport.

Question 15.
What became necessary due to the expanding trade?
Answer:
It became necessary to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing population

Question 16.
What was used to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing production?
Answer:
Script was developed for the purpose of keeping permanent records of expanding trade and growing production.

Question 17.
What did rise in trade contribute to?
Answer:
Rise in trade contributed to the emergence and development of cities.

Question 18.
What was built in cities?
Answer:
Grand temples were built in cities.

Question 19.
Who became the chief administrator of the cities?
Answer:
The chiefs of the temple became the chief administrator of the cities.

Question 20.
What did the position of temple-head merge into?
Answer:
The position of the temple-head merged into that of the king.

Answer each of the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Explain in brief the ‘Three Age System’.
Answer:

1. A scholar named Christian Thomsen introduced this method of classifying pre historic artefacts.
2. Thomsen classified the objects into three groups.
   • Stone Age – Stone tools
   • Copper Age – Copper tools and other copper articles.
   • Iron Age – Iron tools and other iron articles.

Question 2.
Which village settlements expanded rapidly?
Answer:

1. Potters and craftsmen began to live close to each other in the settlement so as to manage their work more easily.
2. This became the industrial area of that village where skilled craftsmen had their settlements and centres of production
3. This happened mainly in those village settlements where the raw material was easily available and in those which were conveniently situated for trade.
4. Such village-settlements expanded rapidly.

Question 3.
Why was the need to maintain records felt?
Answer:
i. Long distance trade, rapid transport of goods and centres of large scale production are factors that brought together people engaged in different types of work.
ii. Therefore, it became necessary to keep permanent records of the expanding trade and growing population.

Question 4.
How did each culture develop its own script?
Answer:

1. There was an increase in trade and production and also the growth in the volume of records to be kept
2. This resulted in much modification and improvement in the signs and symbols used for these purposes.
3. In this way, each culture developed its own script.

Question 5.
How did kingship develop in cities?
Answer:

1. Grand temples were built in many cities that had prospered due to the rise in trade.
2. Chiefs of those temples became chief administrators of those cities.
3. Later, the positions of the temple head and that of the king went to the same individual.
4. This is how initially kingship developed in the ancient urban civilizations.

Question 6.
How did the people engaged in different
types of work come together?
Answer:

1. Expansion of village-settlements resulted in increase in production.
2. Due to increase in production, trade too expanded and there was then a need to change the old systems of transport.
3. Long distance trade, rapid transport of goods and centres of large scale production are factors that brought together people engaged in different types of work.

Question 7.
What is ‘pivot?
Answer:
i. A pointed quartz pebble fixed at the bottom of a potter’s wheel is called a pivot.
ii. When the potter’s wheel is put in motion, it is balanced on this pivot and thus revolves with a great speed.

Question 8.
Into how many groups is the Three Age System’ classified?
Answer:
The Three Age System’, is classified into.

• Stone Age – Stone tools
• Copper Age – Copper tools and other articles
• Iron Age – Iron tools and other articles.

Glossary :

1. antique : ancient, hare
2. classifying : separating
3. Urban : of a town or city
4. rapid : fast
5. scripts : written text
6. emergence : process of coming into existence
7. durable : able to withstand pressure or damages

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Tools Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
Archaeological evidence shows that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and …………. .
(Iran, Iraq, Dubai)
Answer:
Archaeological evidence shows that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.

Question b.
The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of …………… .
(earth, bricks, wattle and daub)
Answer:
The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub.

2. Answer the following question in brief.

Question a.
What are the three main steps in the process of domesticating a wild animal?
Answer:

1. Capture the wild animal.
2. Taming the wild animal by giving them the training to live with humans.
3. Obtaining useful materials like milk from these animals and training them to work as beasts of burden for the humans.

Question b.
How did some people in the community become skilled craftsmen?
Answer:

1. As the food available was more than needed by the community, some men and women utilised their spare time in experimentation and for using their natural creativity to develop special skills.
2. Persons with such special skills were given to work based on those skills.
3. Thereby a class of skilled craftsmen emerged.

3. Complete the following concept chart.

Question 1.
Complete the following concept chart.

Answer:

4. Write about the usefulness of any five domesticated animals.

Question 1.
Write about the usefulness of any five domesticated animals.
Answer:

• Cow : Cow is a very useful animal. It is domesticated for its milk. Cow-dung was used to smear mud walls and in courtyards. Cow-dung is used to make dung cakes for fuel and also is a very good natural manure for agriculture.
• Goats and Sheep : Sheep is useful for its wool and milk. They are also domesticated for their meat.
• Dog : A very useful and faithful animal. It guards household or village-settlements.
• Horse : A very useful, strong and a swift animal. Its strength is used to draw carriages or to transport heavy
• goods. It is also used in travelling.
• Bullocks : Bullocks are strong and obedient animals. Therefore, they are used to draw carts. They are also used to transport people and heavy objects from one place to another.

5. Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way?

Question 1.
Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way?
Answer:

1. The dog is used by modern police.
2. It is used in the investigation of crimes as a dog can sniff the body odour and blood-stains on the clothes.
3. It leads police to the person who has committed heinous crimes like murder.

Activity :

Question 1.
Visit people in your locality practising five different occupations and collect information about their work.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.

1. When the third step is achieved, the animal is supposed to be completely ……….
2. Domesticating animals and keeping them for our own use is called ……….
3. The …….. is the first animal to have been domesticated.
4. ………..and………… were domesticated next.
5. Dogs were used to help with ………….
6. …….. are credited to have started cultivation.
7. They used ………….. Sticks to sow seeds.
8. People had to stay in one place because of the nature of ………… work.
9. ………………….. production increased considerably after the plough drawn by animals came into use.
10. …………. became the main source of livelihood.
11. People began to worship ……. and various ………. for good crops.
12. People in the village-settlements established some ………. and ……. to manage things.
13. Before agriculture, all men and women were continuously engaged in getting ……….
14. With agricultural production increasing, some men and women began to get ……….. time.
15. They used their spare time for using their natural creativity to develop……… skills.
16. Members with such special skills were given ………. based on those skills.
17. It is believed that in the New Stone Age, ……… made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.
18. The farmers in the village-settlements were now producing……….. food.
19. They needed skilled ……………. for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them
20. Craftsmen were paid in the form of …………..
21. ………… is an essential item.
22. Salt traders also traded articles they received in exchange of ………..
23. The ………. trade helped in the expansion of trade in the New Stone Age.
24. People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the ………… of village settlements.
25. The chiefs were also entrusted with the …… of the village.
26. The population of the village settlements ………. because food was available in plenty
27. The ……… became permanent and expanded.
28. People began to build ………. houses of sun dried bricks.
29. It appears that the people of the village settlements belonged to a single …………..
30. The entire village-settlement was an ………….. family.
31. A dead person was buried either in the ……….. or in the ……..
32. In the ………… system, it became possible to store food grains.

Answer:

1. domesticated
2. animal husbandry
3. dog
4. goat, sheep
5. hunting
6. uxomen
7. pointed
8. agricultural
9. agricultural
10. agriculture
11. nature, deities
12. rules, customs
13. food
14. spare
15. special
16. work
17. women
18. surplus
19. craftsmen
20. foodgrains
21. salt
22. salt
23. salt
24. chiefs
25. protection
26. grew
27. village-settlements
28. quadrangular
29. clan
30. extended
31. house, courtyard
32. agricultural

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Source of livelihood	a. Women
2. Sowing of seeds	b. New Stone Age
3. Earthen pots	c. Protection
4. Moats	d. Agriculture

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Source of livelihood	d. Agriculture
2. Sowing of seeds	a. Women
3. Earthen pots	b. New Stone Age
4. Moats	c. Protection

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is animal husbandry?
Answer:
Domesticating animals and keeping them for one’s use is called animal husbandry.

Question 2.
Which is the first animal to have been domesticated?
Answer:
The dog is the first animal to have been domesticated.

Question 3.
Who domesticated the dog?
Answer:
Homo sapiens of the Middle Stone Age domesticated the dog.

Question 4.
How were the dogs used?
Answer:
Dogs were used to help in hunting.

Question 5.
Which animals were domesticated after the dog?
Answer:
The goat and sheep were domesticated after the dog

Question 6.
When and where did agriculture begin?
Answer:
Archaeological evidence is available to show that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.

Question 7.
Who are given the credit to have started cultivation?
Answer:
Women are credited to have started cultivation

Question 8.
What did they use to sow seeds?
Answer:
They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.

Question 9.
How did the agricultural production increase considerably?
Answer:
Agricultural production increased considerably after the plough driven by animals came into use.

Question 10.
What was the main source of livelihood for people in the New Stone Age?
Answer:
Agriculture was the main source of livelihood for the people in the New Stone Age.

Question 11.
What did the people do in order to grow good crops?
Answer:
People began to worship nature and various deities to grow good crops.

Question 12.
What gained importance in the village settlement?
Answer:
Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlements gained importance.

Question 13.
How did the New Stone Age women make earthen pots?
Answer:
The New Stone Age women made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.

Question 14.
Why were the craftsmen needed?
Answer:
Craftsmen were needed for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them.

Question 15.
How were the craftsmen paid?
Answer:
The craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles.

Question 16.
What is the barter system?
Answer:
Buying and selling articles by exchanging goods for goods is called barter system.

Question 17.
What was an essential item in the village settlement?
Answer:
Salt was an essential item in the village settlement.

Question 18.
How did the salt traders trade?
Answer:
Salt traders traded articles they received in exchange of salt.

Question 19.
Why did the village community lay down rules?
Answer:
The village community laid rules for mutual co-operation in order to keep this system of trade and distribution of resources running smoothly.

Question 20.
Who became the chiefs of village settlements?
Answer:
People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the chiefs of villagesettlements.

Question 21.
Who was entrusted with the protection of the village?
Answer:
The chiefs were also entrusted with the task of protection of the village.

Question 22.
Why did they build protective walls and moats around the village-settlements?
Answer:
They built protective walls and moats around the village-settlements to protect them selues from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole the village cattle.

Question 23.
What were the houses at the beginning of New Stone Age made of?
Answer:
Houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub?

Question 24.
Why were there differences in the style of constructing houses?
Answer:
Regional differences are seen in the styles of constructing houses, depending on the local climate.

Question 25.
Why did the population of village settlements grow?
Answer:
The population of village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty.

Give reasons for the following:

Question 1.
The stick used for sowing was weighed in the centre using a perforated stone.
Answer:
In order to dig deeper into the soil to sow the seeds, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.

Question 2.
Before agriculture, men and women in the community were continuously busy.
Answer:

1. Before agriculture, people obtained food by hunting and gathering.
2. But this food could not be stored for a long time.
3. Therefore, all men and women in the community were continuously engaged in acquiring food.

Question 3.
Walls and moats were built around the village settlement.
Answer:
Protective walls and moats were built around the village-settlements to protect them from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole village cattle.

Question 4.
The village-settlements grew.
Answer:
i. The population of the village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty after agriculture
ii. They also built bigger houses to accommodate their expanding population.

Question 5.
The entire village-settlement was an extended family.
Answer:

1. It appears from the plans of the houses and the village-settlements that people staying there belonged to a single class.
2. It means that they were all related to one another.
3. Thus, the entire village-settlement was an extended family

Question 6.
Women and men began to get spare time to develop special skills.
Answer:

1. In the agricultural system, it became possible to store foodgrains for a long period.
2. There was sufficient food for the community.
3. Therefore, women and men began to get spare time to use their natural creativity to develop special skills.

Question 7.
People began to worship nature and various deities.
Answer:
i. Agriculture became the main source of livelihood in the New Stone Age period.
ii. Thus, people began to worship nature and various deities for good crops.

Question 8.
The farmers needed skilled craftsmen.
Answer:
i. Farmers in the village-settlements were producing surplus food.
ii. Therefore, they needed skilled craftsmen for making agricultural implements and repairing them.

Question 9.
A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard.
Answer:
The people thought that the dead person’s bond with family should not get cut off after death.

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
How was cultivation carried out by women?
Answer:

1. Women are credited to have started cultivation.
2. They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.
3. In order to help dig deeper into the soil, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.

Question 2.
How did a social system based on agriculture came into existence?
Answer:

1. Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlement gained importance.
2. People in the village-settlements established some rules and customs to manage these things.
3. Thus, a social system based on agriculture came into existence.

Question 3.
How was barter system established?
Answer:

1. When the farmers in the village-settlements
2. produced surplus food, they felt the need for skilled craftsmen who would provide them with agricultural implements and also repair them.
3. Such craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles. The craftsmen also purchased the required raw material in the form of foodgrains and other useful articles.
4. Thus, buying and selling by exchanging goods for goods called barter system was established.

Question 4.
Describe the structure of houses in the New Stone Age.
Answer:

1. The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub i.e. the walls were screens woven from sticks or bamboo and plastered with mud or cow dog.
2. Later when the population in the village ettlement grew, people began to build quadrangular” houses of sun-dried bricks. These houses were also bigger and had more than one room.
3. Regional differences are seen in the styles of constructing houses, depending on the local climate.

Question 5.
Describe the ritual of burying the dead in the village settlements.
Answer:
i. A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard with the idea that the person’s bond with the family should not get cut off even after death.
ii. Families would also bury various articles with the dead person for them to use even after death.

Question 7.
How did the village administrative system came into being?
Answer:

1. The village community made rules for mutual co-operation in order to keep trade running smoothly.
2. People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the chiefs of village settlements
3. These chiefs were also entrusted with the protection of the village.
4. This is how the village administrative system came into being.

Glossary :

1. entrusted : assigned the responsibility to doing something to (someone)
2. archaeological : of history
3. implementation : put into effect
4. deities : gods and goddesses
5. moats : a deep, wide ditch surrounding a house.
6. wattle : and
7. daub : material used in building walls.
8. perforated : pierced with a hote.
9. accommodate : provide sufficient space for.
10. surplus : extra.
11. abundance : a large quantity fo something
12. experimentation:  procedure.
13. complied : meet specified standards.
14. quadrangular : having four sides

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Tools Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question in one sentence.

Question a.
Which animals did the Homo sapiens mainly hunt?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens mainly hunted small animals like the wild bear, deer, mountain goat and sheep.

Question b.
What is the characteristic of the New Stone Age?
Answer:
The beginning of cultivation is a characteristic of the New Stone Age culture.

2. Give reasons for the following.

Question a.
The diet of Homo sapiens underwent a change.
Answer:
The climate underwent change and became warmer.
Big animals like mammals were on the way to extinction. Therefore, the diet of the Homo sapiens underwent a change.

Question b.
Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over longer periods of time.
Answer:

1. It was no longer necessary to wander from place to place in search of food.
2. They moved their camps to different places according to seasonal changes in climate. Thus, the Homo sapiens stayed in one place over a longer period of time.

3. Observe the reconstructed picture of a Middle Stone Age seasonal camp and answer the following.

Question a.
Describe the structure of the houses in the picture.
Answer:
The roof is inclining and is of thatched grass.

Question b.
What materials are used to construct the houses?
Answer:
Grass and wood have been used to construct the houses.

Question c.
What kind of jobs could the people in the seasonal camps have been doing?
Answer:
The people at the seasonal camp were engaged in fishing, agriculture, hunting, and making small boats.

4. Write about the effects on your life, of the seasonal changes in weather.

Question 1.
Write about the effects on your life, of the seasonal changes in weather.
Answer:
The seasonal changes in weather result in changes in my clothing. I wear warm clothes during winter and light cotton clothes in summer.
The seasonal changes in climate make me sick sometimes and I am forced to take medicines.
I cannot go out and play games with my friends in the rainy season.

5. Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village.

Question 1.
Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village.
Answer:

New Stone Age village	Modern village
1. New Stone Age village was primitive as it was an early village-settlement.	1. Modern village is much developed as it underwent many changes over a period of time.
2. New Stone Age village was in remote areas and had no contact with the outside world.	2. Modern villages are well-connected with the outside world with the means of transport and communication.
3. Human beings lived in huts.	3. Human beings live in constructed houses.
4. Agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing were the main activities of the villagers.	4. Besides agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing, many other activities are undertaken by the villagers with the help of machines.

Activities :

a. Construct models of different types of houses.
b. Visit agricultural farms and collect information of the various agricultural tasks that farmers have to do.
c. Visit five different types of houses in your locality and collect information about the materials used in the construction of those houses.
d. With your teacher’s help, observe the continents shown on a world map or a globe and write short notes about them.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.

1. The Neanderthals could protect themselves from the freezing temperatures because they wore ……… clothing and made
2. They used animal hides to erect ………. inside the caves for warmth
3. They also built………………… in the open.
4. In the Middle Stone Age groups of Homo sapiens established …………… all over the world.
5. At that time, the climate was getting …………….
6. With the change in environment, the ……….. of the Homo sapiens also changed.
7. Big animals like mammoth were on the way to…………….. .
8. The ………………… were hunted on a large scale.
9. Homo sapiens had largely turned to …………………… with hunting.
10. Homo sapiens hunted. ……… animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
11. The changed diet pattern enabled the groups of Homo sapiens to………………. to faraway regions.
12. They moved their camps to different places according to ……………………. changes.
13. The Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal and ………
14. They would find out the best seasons for ……………
15. By observation, they discovered the best ……………. grounds.
16. They ……………… in one place for longer periods.
17. They cleared jungles by felling trees and set up their ……… camps in the clearings.
18. The ways of life of …………………….. in the New Stone Age was completely different from that of humans in the Old Stone Age.
19. In the New Stone Age, humans became …………… of foodgrains.
20. The beginning of ……………….. is a characteristic of the culture of the New Stone Age.
21. In the ……………. way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
22. Agriculture made it possible to ………………… food and use it over a long period.
23. ………….. made it necessary to stay in one place.
24. People established …………. settlements and lived in them generation after generation.
25. In the Middle Stone Age, the climate was getting ………….
26. The Neanderthals used animal…………… to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.

Answer:

1. leather, fire
2. tents
3. huts
4. camps
5. warmer
6. diet
7. extinction
8. mammoth
9. fishing
10. smaller
11. oam
12. seasonal
13. fruits, roots
14. fishing
15. hunting
16. stayed
17. seasonal
18. humans
19. producers
20. cultivation
21. hunting, gathering
22. store
23. agriculture
24. permanent
25. warmer
26. hides

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
Why did the Neanderthals live in caves?
Answer:
The Neanderthals lived in caves because at that time the climate in Europe was extremely cold.

Question 2.
How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the extreme cold climate?
Answer:
To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, the Neanderthals made fire for warmth and wore leather clothing.

Question 3.
What did the Neanderthals do to their caves to protect themselves from the freezing temperature?
Answer:
To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, they used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.

Question 4.
Where did they live when it was warm?
Answer:
They built huts in the open to live when it was warm.

Question 5.
Where did the Middle Stone Age man establish their camps?
Answer:
The Middle Stone Age man established their camps all over the world.

Question 6.
Why did they establish their camps all over the world?
Answer:
As the climate was getting warmer and the environment was changing their lifestyle and diet were also changing and this enabled them establish their camps all over the world.

Question 7.
How did a huge animal like the mammoth get extinct?
Answer:
A huge animal like the mammoth got extinct because mammoths were hunted on a large scale.

Question 8.
Which smaller animals did the Middle Stone Age man hunt?
Answer:
The Middle Stone Age man hunted smaller animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.

Question 9.
What enabled the Homo sapiens to travel to faraway regions?
Answer:
Their changed diet pattern enabled groups of Homo sapiens to roam to faraway regions.

Question 10.
Why did the Homo sapiens move their camps to different places?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens moved their camps to different places according to the seasonal changes.

Question 11.
Other than hunting, how did the Homo sapiens acquire their food?
Answer:
Other than hunting, the Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal fruits and roots.

Question 12.
Why did the Homo sapiens begin to fell trees?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens felled trees to clear the jungles and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings

Question 13.
What enabled the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements?
Answer:
The nature of agricultural work made it possible for the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements.

Question 14.
In which way of life is it necessary to keep moving?
Answer:
In the hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.

Question 15.
According to the climate, what work was done by the Homo sapiens?
Answer:
According to the climate, fishing and hunting was the work done by Homo sapiens.

Give reasons for the following :

Question 1.
Homo sapiens had largely turned to fishing.
Answer:
As the mammoths became extinct due to hunting, the Homo sapiens turned to fishing.

Question 2.
Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over a longer period of time.
Answer:
i. By observation of nature, the Homo sapiens discovered and learnt about the best seasons for fishing and the best hunting ground.
ii. For this reason, they needed to stay in one place for a longer period of time.

Question 3.
People established permanent village settlements.
Answer:
i. The nature of agricultural work made it necessary to stay in one place.
ii. Therefore people established permanent village-settlements to live in them generation after generation

Question 4.
By the time of the Middle Stone Age, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction.
Answer:
Due to the changing environment and also because they were hunted on a very large scale, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction by the time of the Middle Stone Age.

Answer each of the questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why did the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens change with time?
Answer:

1. With the mammoth becoming extinct, the Homo sapiens had to turn to fishing.
2. He also hunted smaller animals like wild boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
3. Thus, the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens changed with time.

Question 2.
How did the Homo sapiens discover the best hunting grounds and fishing seasons?
Answer:
By observation of nature and using this knowledge to their advantage, the Homo sapiens discovered the best season for fishing and also the best hunting grounds.

Question 3.
How and why did the Homo sapiens clear the jungle?
Answer:
i. For fishing and hunting in one particular region, the Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place for longer periods.
ii. So they cleared the jungles by felling trees and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings.

Question 4.
Why did the people of the New Stone Age establish permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation?
Answer:

1. In hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
2. However, agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period. Hence, their need to move constantly diminished.
3. The nature of agricultural work was such that they had to stay in one place.
4. Therefore people established permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation.

Question 5.
How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the cold?
Answer:

1. The Neanderthals mainly lived in caves.
2. They protected themselves from the cold by wearing leather clothes and making use of fire.
3. They also used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.
4. This is how the Neanderthals protected themselves from the cold.

Question 6.
Why was there no need to keep moving constantly in the New Stone Age?
Answer:

1. The way of human life in the New Stone Age was completely different as compared to the life in the Old Stone Age and Middle Stone Age.
2. Humans became producers of food and started cultivating the land.
3. Agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period.
4. Therefore, there was no need for humans in the New Stone Age to constantly move from one place to another.

Glossary :

1. dietary : related to food
2. warmth : the quality or sensation of being warm.
3. extremely : very severe
4. faraway : distant in space and time.
5. felling : cutting down
6. scorching : burning
7. concrete : a building material made from a mixture of gravel, sand, cement and water
8. subsidiary : less important than but related to something
9. progre
10. ssive : proceeding gradually or in stages.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati पुनरावर्तन ४ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions पुनरावर्तन ४

5th Standard Hindi Digest पुनरावर्तन ४ Textbook Questions and Answers

1. सुनो, और दोहराओ:

प्रश्न 1.
सुनो, और दोहराओ:

उत्तर:
(अ) 1. मैं जा रह्य / रही हूँ।
2. हम जा रहे हैं / रही हैं।
3. तू जा रहा है / रही है।
4. तुम जा रहे हो / रही हो।
5. आप जा रहे हैं। रही हैं।

(ब) 1. यह जा रहा है। रही है।
2. ये जा रहे हैं / रही हैं।
3. वह जा रहा है / रही है।
4. वे जा रहे हैं / रही हैं।

2. तुम्हारे मित्र के पास कॉपी खरीदने के लिए पैसे नहीं हैं । तुम्हारी माँ ने मेला देखने के लिए तुम्हें तीस रुपये दिए हैं। इस स्थिति में तुम्हारे मन में कौन से भाव जागते हैं ? बताओ।

प्रश्न 1.
तुम्हारे मित्र के पास कॉपी खरीदने के लिए पैसे नहीं हैं । तुम्हारी माँ ने मेला देखने के लिए तुम्हें तीस रुपये दिए हैं। इस स्थिति में तुम्हारे मन में कौन से भाव जागते हैं ? बताओ।
उत्तर:
उन तीस रुपयों में से अपने मित्र को कॉपी खरीदकर दूंगा तथा बचे हुए पैसों से मेला घूम लूँगा।

3. पढ़ो, और समझो:

प्रश्न 1.
पढ़ो, और समझो:
उत्तर:

1. जहाँ विद्यार्थी पढ़ते हैं – विद्यालय
2. जादू दिखाने वाला – जादूगर
3. खेल खेलने वाला – खिलाड़ी
4. सच बोलनेवाला – सत्यवादी
5. चित्र बनाने वाला – चित्रकार
6. मूर्तियाँ बनाने वाला – मूर्तिकार
7. सोने के गहने बनाने वाला – सुनार
8. जो कभी न हारा हो – अजेय
9. जो साग-सब्ज़ी खाता हो – शाकाहारी
10. जहाँ अनाथ रहते हैं – अनाथालय
11. जो रोगियों का इलाज करता है – डॉक्टर
12. जो लकड़ी का काम करता है – बढ़ई
13. जो मिट्टी के बरतन बनाता है – कुम्हार
14. जो जूते सिलता है – मोची
15. जो कपड़े सिलता है – दर्जी

4. सड़क पार करते समय तुम क्या सावधानी बरतते हो? लिखो।

प्रश्न 1.
सड़क पार करते समय तुम क्या सावधानी बरतते हो? लिखो।

उत्तर:
सड़क पार करते समय जेब्रा क्रॉसिंग पर से जाना चाहिए।

5. पढ़ाई करने के बाद भी तुम्हें परीक्षा से डर लग रहा है, तो तुम क्या करोगे? बताओ।

प्रश्न 1.
पढ़ाई करने के बाद भी तुम्हें परीक्षा से डर लग रहा है, तो तुम क्या करोगे? बताओ।
(क) बड़ों से बातचीत करोगे ।
(ख) खेलने जाओगे।
(ग) गाना सुनोगे अथवा गाओगे ।
(घ) आराम करोगे ।
उत्तर:
(क) बड़ों से बातचीत करेंगे।

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions पुनरावर्तन ४ Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
चित्रों को देखकर नीचे दी गई शब्द – पहेली बूझो; (एक अक्षर का एक से अधिक बार उपयोग कर सकते हैं।)
उत्तर:
फूल: कमल, हरसिंगार, गुलाब, गुड़हल, डहलिया, रजनीगंधा, बेला, सूरजमुखी, सदाबहार।
फल: केला, अमरूद, अनार, चीकू, अंगूर, सेब, पपीता, आम, अंजीर, संतरा, सीताफल, अनन्नास।
अन्य शब्द: नीम, पीला, ताला, अंदर, चीता, कान, पतला, खीर, गेंद, जल, दानी

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati पुनरावर्तन ३ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions पुनरावर्तन ३

5th Standard Hindi Digest पुनरावर्तन ३ Textbook Questions and Answers

1. अनुस्वारवाले (-) शब्दों को सुनो, समझो और दोहराओ:

अङ्क-अंक, चञ्चल-चंचल, झण्डा-झंडा, सुन्दर-सुंदर, मुम्बई-मुंबई; टंकी, पंख, पतंग, कंघी, कंचा, पंछी, अंजीर, झंझावात, घंटी, कंठ, डंडा, पंढरपुर, संत, पंथ, बंदर, कंधा, पंप, गुंफन, कंबल, खंभा ।

2. रास्ते में घायल पक्षी को देखकर तुम्हारे मन में कौन-से भाव आते हैं? बताओ?

प्रश्न 1.
रास्ते में घायल पक्षी को देखकर तुम्हारे मन में कौन-से भाव आते हैं? बताओ?
उत्तर:
रास्ते में घायल पक्षी को देखकर मुझे उस पर दया आ जाती है। मैं उसे उठाकर उसका उपचार करती / करता हूँ, ताकि वह फिर से आकाश में उड़ सके।

3. पढ़ो, समझो और रेखांकित शब्दों पर चर्चा करो और दोनों अक्षरों से नए वाक्य बनाओ

प्रश्न (क)
मैं पाँचवी कक्षा में पढ़ रहा हूँ।
उत्तर:
‘मैं’ का उपयोग हम अपने लिए करते हैं। ‘में’ का उपयोग किसी ओर वस्तु के बारे में करते हैं।

प्रश्न (ख)
मृणाल ने पूछा “उदय! कहाँ गए थे?” उदय ने कहा, “मैं भोपाल गया था।”
उत्तर:
कहाँ – किसी जगह के बारे में पूछते हैं।
कहा – मतलब ‘बोला’ या ‘बताया’।
(अ) तुम कहाँ जा रहे हो?
(आ) राम ने कहा, ‘मैं बीमार हूँ।

प्रश्न (ग)
रौनक बिल्ली की ओर लपका और वह भाग गई।
उत्तर:
ओर – उस तरफ (की तरफ)
और – दो शब्दों अथवा दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने वाला शब्द
(अ) सीमा पाठशाला की ओर जा रही है।
(आ) सीता और गीता जुड़वा बहनें हैं।

प्रश्न (घ)
राजू खेल रहा है। उसके साथी बैठे हैं।
उत्तर:
है – केवल एक व्यक्ति के लिए लगता है।
हैं – बहुवचन या अनेक के लिए लगता है।
(अ) राम बाहर खड़ा है।
(आ) बच्चे खेल रहे हैं।

प्रश्न (ङ)
सोहन की बिल्ली इतनी प्यारी है कि सब उसे उठा लेते हैं।
उत्तर:
की – पहले शब्द की व्याख्या करता है।
कि – दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने का काम करता है।
(अ) राम की बहन सीता है।
(आ) पवन ने कहा कि मैं बीमार हूँ।

4. उचित शब्द बनाकर लिखो:

प्रश्न 1.
उचित शब्द बनाकर लिखो:

1. ख ओं
2. र पै
3. न का
4. ठ हों
5. ज ग का
6. ट ना घु
7. र द बं
8. त र भा
9. ई र पा चा
10. व ली दी पा
11. ला शा ठ पा
12. वा ल री फु

उत्तर:

1. आँख
2. पैर
3. कान
4. होंठ
5. कागज
6. घुटना
7. बंदर
8. भारत
9. चारपाई
10. दीपावली
11. पाठशाला
12. फुलवारी

5. वर्ण के अवयवों का उपयोग करते हुए अपने मन से चित्र बनाओ।

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions पुनरावर्तन ३ Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
आपकी पाठशाला में मनाए गए किसी एक कार्यक्रम पर पाँच वाक्य लिखिए:
उत्तर:

1. हमारी पाठशाला में हिन्दी दिवस मनाया गया।
2. सभी बच्चों ने इसमें भाग लिया।
3. बच्चों ने भाषण, कविता, नाटक प्रस्तुत किए।
4. पहली कक्षा की एक छात्रा ने बहुत अच्छी कहानी सुनाई।
5. अंत में सभी को धन्यवाद दिया गया।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 English Solutions Chapter 12 Count your Garden Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 English Solutions Chapter 12 Count your Garden

English Balbharati Std 5 Digest Chapter 12 Count your Garden Textbook Questions and Answers

1. The following things are mentioned in the poem. Classify them as happy and sad things.
flowers – falling leaves

• golden hours – clouds
• stars – shadows
• smiles – tears
• friends in your life – passing years.

Question 1.
The following things are mentioned in the poem. Classify them as happy and sad things.
Answer:

Happy things	Sad things
1. flowers	1. falling leaves
2. golden hours	2. clouds
3. stars	3. shadows
4. smiles	4. tears
5. friends in your life	5. passing years

2. Name a few other things that people often count. (At least 5.)

Question 1.
Name a few other things that people often count. (At least 5.)
Answer:

1. Parents’ help
2. Teacher’s guidance
3. Loyal friends
4. Our inner strength (confidence)
5. Faith in God.

3. Group Work

Question 1.
Discuss how you will measure the worth of –

• a book
• a sports event
• a friend
• a journey.

Answer:
1. A book:
Answer:
A book is a storehouse of information. It helps us to know the meanings of difficult words. It tells us interesting things and provides us happiness. It is an ideal companion/friend especially when we are lonely. A book’s worth can be measured on the basis of the
knowledge it has and the joy it provides

2. A sports event:
Answer:
A sports event provides us different/varied experiences. It sometimes brings forth our competitive spirit. We witness joy in victory and sorrow in loss. We learn to be humble in victory and take defeat with a smile. We learn to give our best. The worth of a sports event can be measured by the enjoyment it provides and the lessons it imparts.

3. A friend:
Answer:
A friend is a gift from God. Someone who is
by our side through happy and sad times, through our smiles and tears. A friend’s worth can be measured when he/ . she displays the values of love and care and never leaves our side when we are in distress
and helps us in every way he/she can.

4. A journey:
Answer:
A journey can teach us so much. As we travel, we see various sights and scenes which encourages to think, learn and understand… A journey is worth the effort if it is interesting, educative and enriching.

You may find the following pairs useful in your discussion.

difficult words – interesting things/knowledge
defeats – enjoyment
quarrels – sharing feelings and thoughts, problems
obstacles – learning new things, seeing new sights.

English Balbharati Std 5 Answers Chapter 12 Count your Garden Additional Important Questions and Answers

Activity :

Complete the web diagram using

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram using
(a) naming words i.e., nouns from the poem
(b) words associated with emotions
Answer:
a.

b.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following poem and answer the questions given below:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(a) Count your garden ………….
(b) Count your life by …………….
Answer:
(a) by the flowers
(b) smiles, not tears

Question 2.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is that we should learn to look at the brighter side of life and always count our blessings,

Question 3.
According to the poet, how should we count our garden?
Answer:
According to the poet, we should count our garden by the flowers in it.

Question 4.
What should we not remember at all?
Answer:
We should not remember the dark clouds at all.

Question 5.
What should we do joyfully on every birthday?
Answer:
On every birthday, we should joyfully count our age by friends and not by the years that pass.

Question 6.
Explain the line: Count your life by smiles, not tears.
Answer:
The above line means that there will be happy times and sad times in our lives. We should count our blessings by the happy times and not those which moved us to tears.

Question 7.
Match the rhyming words:

1. flowers	a. all
2. tall	b. hours
3. tears	c. shadows
	d. years

Answer:

1. flowers	b. hours
2. tall	a. all
3. tears	d. years

Question 8.
Give another title to the poem.
Answer:
‘Count your blessings’.

Question 9.
How do you react when you are disappointed?
Answer:
When I am disappointed, I think of the times when things were good. I speak to my parents and share my problems with them. I try to smile and face the situation bravely.

Writing Skills :

Question 1.
Your friend is disappointed that he/she is not selected in the school sports team for an inter-school competition. Write a letter to motivate her/him.
Answer:

A/1 Delta,
90 Feet Road,
Ghatkopar (W),
Mumbai – 400 086
2nd July, 2015

Dear Ram/Rama,

We haven’t written to each other for a long time. How are you doing? Hope you are fine. Aunty told me that you are upset that you were not selected in the school cricket team. Remember my friend, small disappointments are just that, ‘small’. We should not get upset about little things.

Why don’t you look at the brighter side? The match schedule is clashing with the school picnic. Imagine the fun we will have at the picnic. You can utilize the time to work on your game too. Take help from experts if need be, so that the next time you cannot be ignored by anyone.

So cheer up and smile. Count your blessings.
Be happy always my friend.
Give my love and regards to all at home.

Yours lovingly,
XYZ.

Count your Garden Summary in English

Summary :

‘Count your Garden’ is a beautiful poem which inspires us to look at the brighter side of life and be happy instead of looking at anything negative and regretting or feeling sorry for the same and at the same delve time not dwelling in the past. The poet has explained this by giving some beautiful examples.

The poet encourages us to count our garden by the beauty of the flowers and not by the falling leaves. In our life, there are happy moments and sad moments. The happy moments (golden hours) should be cherished while the unhappy moments should not be remembered at all.

At night, we must admire the starry sky and not the shadows on the ground. We should count our life by the moments which brought a smile on our face and not those w to tears. The poet finally says that on our birthday, we should not count our age by the passing years but the number of friends we have. We should learn to count our blessings and be grateful for all the good things we are blessed with and consider ourselves lucky for having what we have.

Meanings :

1. golden hours (phr) – happy moments
2. shadows (n) – gloom/something producing unhappiness

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 14 मैं सड़क हूँ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions Chapter 14 मैं सड़क हूँ

5th Standard Hindi Digest Chapter 14 मैं सड़क हूँ Textbook Questions and Answers

1. अंत्याक्षरी खेलो:
सड़क….किनारे….रास्ता….तकनीक….काम….मकान….निकिता…. ताँगा….गाजर…..रश्मि।

2. सड़क कैसे साफ-सुथरी रख सकते हैं, बताओ।

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions Chapter 14 मैं सड़क हूँ Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
जिस सड़क पर चलते हुए पैर मिट्टी से सन जाएँ, वह सड़क कैसी होती है?
उत्तर:
कच्ची सड़क।

प्रश्न 2.
पगडंडी किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
असमान, संकरी और कच्ची डगर को पगडंडी कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
सड़क किन चीजों से बनती है?
उत्तर:
सड़क सीमेंट, रेत, गिट्टी, सलिया एवं कोलतार से बनती है।

प्रश्न 4.
कच्ची सड़क कहाँ पाई जाती है?
उत्तर:
गाँवों में।

प्रश्न 5.
हम सड़क को साफ-सुथरा कैसे रख सकते हैं? बताओ।
उत्तर:
सड़क पर कचरा ना फेंकें। यहाँ-वहाँ ना थूकें। जगह जगह गड्ढे न खोदें।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए:

प्रश्न 1.
सड़क पर क्या-क्या चलता है?
उत्तर:
सड़क पर मानव, ताँगे, मोटर, बस, साइकिल इत्यादि चलते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
लोग सड़क के किनारे क्या बनवा लेते हैं?
उत्तर:
लोग सड़क के किनारे मकान-दुकान बनवा लेते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
चौराहे पर वर्दी पहनकर कौन खड़ा रहता है?
उत्तर:
चौराहे पर वर्दी पहनकर पुलिस का सिपाही खड़ा रहता है।

प्रश्न 4.
लोग अपनी ज़रूरत से सड़क को कैसा बना देते हैं?
उत्तर:
लोग अपनी ज़रूरत से सड़क को टेढ़ी, कभी नीची, कभी ऊँची बना देते हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
ज्यादातर सड़क किस चीज़ से बनाई जाती है?
उत्तर:
ज्यादातर सड़क कोलतार डालकर बनाई जाती है।

प्रश्न 6.
यह आत्मकथा किसकी है?
उत्तर:
यह आत्मकथा सड़क की है।

प्रश्न 7.
सामान बेचनेवाले अपनी दुकान कहाँ लगाते हैं?
उत्तर:
सामान बेचनेवाले सड़क के दोनों तरफ अपनी दुकान लगाते हैं।

प्रश्न 8.
चौराहे पर पुलिस का सिपाही क्या काम करता है?
उत्तर:
चौराहे पर पुलिस का सिपाही यातायात को अनुशासित रखने का काम करता है।

प्रश्न 9.
सड़क को दुख कब होता है?
उत्तर:
जब लोग उसे गंदा कर देते हैं, तब सड़क को दुख होता है।

प्रश्न 10.
सड़क का क्या फायदा है?
उत्तर:
सड़क के कारण देश में दूर-दूर रहने वाले लोग एक दूसरे से आसानी से मिल पाते हैं।

प्रश्न 11.
सड़क सदा कैसी रहना चाहती है?
उत्तर:
सड़क सदा साफ-सुथरी रहना चाहती है।

प्रश्न 12.
सड़क क्या चाहती है?
उत्तर:
सड़क हर गाँव को एक-दूसरे से जोड़ना और लोगों में मेल-जोल बढ़ाना चाहती है।

प्रश्न 13.
सड़क कहाँ खुशहाली लाना चाहती है?
उत्तर:
सड़क पूरे देश में खुशहाली लाना चाहती है।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में लिखिए:

प्रश्न 1.
सड़क, घर और विद्यालय के बीच क्या है?
उत्तर:
सेतु।

प्रश्न 2.
अब कैसी तकनीक आ गई है?
उत्तर:
नई तकनीक।

प्रश्न 3.
नई तकनीक से सड़क किससे बनाई जाती है?
उत्तर:
सीमेंट।

प्रश्न 4.
गड्ढों के कारण क्या होता है?
उत्तर:
दुर्घटनाएँ।

प्रश्न 5.
सड़क कैसी रहना चाहती है?
उत्तर:
साफ-सुथरी।

प्रश्न 6.
सही विकल्प चुनकर रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:
(वर्दी, सड़क, गड्ढे, गंदा, निश्चित)

1. मैं ………………. हूँ।
2. सिपाही ………………. पहने खड़ा होता है।
3. जब लोग मुझे …………….. कर देते हैं।
4. मेरे शरीर पर बहुत से ……………. हो जाते हैं।
5. एक दिन मेरी इच्छा ……………… ही पूरी होगी।

उत्तर:

1. सड़क
2. वर्दी
3. गंदा
4. गड्ढे
5. निश्चित

प्रश्न 7.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:

1. …………………… , …………………….., …………………….. सभी के काम आती हूँ।
2. लोग मेरे किनारे ………………. बना लेते हैं।
3. लोग अपनी ज़रूरत के अनुसार कभी मुझे ……………… , कभी ………………. और कभी ……………… बना देते हैं।
4. मेरे शरीर पर बहुत ………………. हो जाते हैं।
5. इन ………………………. के कारण अनेक ……………………… होती हैं।
6. मैं सदा …………………… …………………… चाहती हूँ।
7. मैं जहाँ जाती हूँ, वह ………………. विकसित हो जाता है।
8. पूरे देश में ……………… लाऊँ।

उत्तर:

1. बालक, जवान, बूढ़े
2. मकान-दुकान
3. टेढ़ी, नीची, ऊँची
4. घाव
5. गड्ढ़ों, दुर्घटनाएँ
6. साफ -सुथरी
7. परिसर
8. खुशहाली

व्याकरण:

प्रश्न 1.
समान अर्थ वाले शब्द लिखिए:

1. जवान
2. घर
3. विद्यालय
4. सेतु
5. दोष

उत्तर:

1. युवक
2. गृह
3. स्कूल
4. पुल
5. गलती

प्रश्न 2.
विपरीत अर्थ वाले शब्द लिखिए:

1. इधर
2. आना
3. जवान
4. ऊँची
5. अच्छा
6. सुख
7. देश
8. विकसित
9. इच्छा
10. निश्चित

उत्तर:

1. उधर
2. जाना
3. बूढ़ा
4. नीची
5. बुरा
6. दुख
7. विदेश
8. अविकसित
9. अनिच्छा
10. अनिश्चित

प्रश्न 3.
लिंग बदलिए:

1. आदमी
2. बालक
3. बूढ़ा

उत्तर:

1. औरत
2. बालिका
3. बूढ़ी

प्रश्न 4.
वचन बदलिए:

1. बूढ़ा
2. बैलगाड़ी
3. साइकिल
4. ताँगा
5. गड्ढा

उत्तर:

1. बूढ़े
2. बैलगाड़ियाँ
3. साइकिलें
4. ताँगे
5. गड्ढे

प्रश्न 5.
नदी की आत्मकथा लिखिए:
उत्तर:
मैं नदी हूँ। पहाड़ों से उतर कर नीचे ज़मीन पर बहती हूँ। गाँवों, खेतों के पास से होकर जाती हूँ। बच्चे मेरे पानी में डुबकी लगाते हैं। मैं सभी के काम आती हूँ। कुछ लोग मुझे गंदा भी करते हैं। इससे मैं दुखी हो जाती हूँ। फिर भी सब कुछ सहती हुई आगे बढ़ती – रहती हूँ। मैंने रुकना नहीं सीखा। मेरा काम है हमेशा बहते रहना। आज के युग में यदि मेरा ध्यान न रखा गया तो मैं एक दिन समाप्त हो जाऊँगी। मुझे हमेशा बहते देखना चाहते हो तो मेरा सही उपयोग करो, क्योंकि मैं हमेशा सभी को आगे बढ़ने की प्रेरणा देती हूँ।

प्रश्न 6.
उद्यान की आत्मकथा लिखिए:
उत्तर:
मैं उद्यान हूँ। जब मुझे नया-नया बनाया गया था, तब बहुत-से पेड़ लगाए गए थे। बैठने के लिए बेंचें थीं। बच्चों के लिए झूले थे। लोगों का आना – जाना लगा रहता था। बच्चों की आवाजें आती थीं। परंतु आज कल अधिकतर कोई नहीं आता, क्योंकि मेरा सही तरीके से ध्यान नहीं रखा गया। बेंचें टूट गईं, झूले टूट गए, पेडों के सभी पत्ते झड़ गए; इसलिए मैं उदास हूँ। कोई मेरी तरफ ध्यान देगा तो मैं फिर से पहले की तरह बन जाऊँगा। मैं सभी को खुशी देना चाहता हूँ। सबके साथ मिल-जुलकर रहना चाहता हूँ।

मैं सड़क हूँ Summary in Hindi

पाठ का सारांश:

प्रस्तुत पाठ एक सड़क की आत्मकथा है। सड़क खुद अपने बारे में बता रही है कि किस तरह लोग उसका उपयोग करते हैं।

शब्दार्थ:

1. महामार्ग – हाइवे (highway)
2. सेतु – पुल (bridge)
3. द्रुतगति मार्ग – चौड़ा रास्ता (express way)
4. किनारे – आसपास (surround)
5. चौराहा – चार रास्ता (crossroads)
6. वर्दी – गणवेश (uniform)
7. यातायात – परिवहन (transportation)
8. अनुशासन – शिष्टता (discipline)
9. कोलतार – डामर (tar)
10. ताँगा – घोड़ा गाड़ी (tonga)
11. पगडंडी – चलने के लिए बना कच्चा रास्ता (crooked)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 13 पहचान हमारी – भाग (२) Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions Chapter 13 पहचान हमारी – भाग (२)

5th Standard Hindi Digest Chapter 13 पहचान हमारी – भाग (२) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. देखो और सुनो

प्रश्न 1.
देखो और सुनो

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions Chapter 13 पहचान हमारी – भाग (२) Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों को वर्णक्रम के अनुसार लिखिए:

1. गढ़
2. कैकेयी
3. खरबूजा
4. घड़ी
5. एक
6. ऐनक
7. औरत
8. झरना
9. छाता
10. टमटम

उत्तर:

1. एक
2. ऐनक
3. औरत
4. कैकेयी
5. खरबूजा
6. गढ़
7. घड़ी
8. छाता
9. झरना
10. टमटम

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से भिन्न शब्द पर गोला बनाइए:

1. कैकेयी, वैदेही, कैनेडी, कचौड़ी
2. अचरज, अनपढ़, कुतुहल, जगमग
3. काला, पपीता, ताला, माला
4. जल, चौकोन, नल, हल
5. तौल, दौड़, झाड़, प्रौढ़

उत्तर:

1. कचौड़ी
2. कुतुहल
3. पपीता
4. चौकोन
5. झाड़

प्रश्न 3.
उचित जगहों पर अनुस्वार (-) और विसर्ग (:) लगाइए:

1. छ
2. गगा
3. झडा
4. नम
5. रग

उत्तर:

1. छ:
2. गंगा
3. झंडा
4. नमः
5. रंग

प्रश्न 4.
अर्थपूर्ण शब्द बनाइए:

1. नी ढ़ ओ
2. र झ ना
3. न ज हि स
4. ज्ञा त अ
5. त चा क
6. पी ता प

उत्तर:

1. ओढ़नी
2. झरना
3. सहिजन
4. अज्ञात
5. चातक
6. पपीता

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित चित्रों की उनके नाम के साथ जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:

उत्तर:

1. ऑक्टोपस – ख
2. अँगूठी – ग
3. श्रवणयंत्र – क
4. धनादेश – च
5. अंडा – घ
6. कंधा – ङ

प्रश्न 6.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:

1. ……………… तपस्या करते हैं।
2. मुझ पर ………………………. करो।
3. घर के पास एक ………………. है।
4. ………………. यहाँ पर बैठिए।

उत्तर:

1. ऋषि
2. कृपा
3. वृक्ष
4. कृपया

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों का उपयोग करके अर्थपूर्ण वाक्य बनाइए:

उत्तर:

1. घर जा
2. फल खा
3. पानी आया
4. पानी भर
5. गढ़ पर चढ़
6. नल पर आ
7. गढ़ पर मत चढ़
8. खाना ला
9. ऊपर चढ़
10. मत आ

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित में से सही शब्द को चुनकर लिखिए:

1. वृक्ष, वृश, वृष
2. सूरय, सूर्य, सुरय
3. ओरत, आरत, औरत
4. पैसा, पेसा, पसा
5. गुबारा, गुब्बारा, गुबर

उत्तर:

1. वृक्ष
2. सूर्य
3. औरत
4. पैसा
5. गुब्बारा

प्रश्न 9.
कोष्ठक में से चुनकर, चित्र पहचानकर उनके नाम लिखिए: (मेज, तिलचट्टा, घर, अमरुद, साँप, छत्ता)


उत्तर:

1. छत्ता
2. घर
3. साँप
4. तिलचट्टा
5. टेबल
6. अमरूद