Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 11th Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 7 Modern Periodic Table Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Chemistry Important Questions Chapter 7 Modern Periodic Table

Question 1.
Mention features of Mendeleev’s periodic table.
Answer:
Features of Mendeleev’s periodic table:

• In Mendeleev’s periodic table, all 63 elements were arranged in an increasing order of their atomic masses. The serial or ordinal number of an element in the increasing order of atomic mass was referred to as its atomic number.
• Mendeleev’s periodic table consisted of vertical groups and horizontal series (now called periods).
• Elements belonging to the same group showed similar properties.
• Properties of elements in a series/period showed gradual variation from left to right.

Question 2.
Why was Mendeleev’s periodic table readily accepted by scientific community?
Answer:
Mendeleev’s periodic table was readily accepted by scientific community due to the following advantages:
i. Mendeleev had left some gaps corresponding to certain atomic numbers in the periodic table so as to maintain periodicity of the properties. When the elements corresponding to these atomic numbers were discovered, they fitted well into the gaps with their properties as predicted by Mendeleev’s periodic law.

ii. Mendeleev did not predicted presence of inert gases, however, they were discovered in later years. It was possible to accommodate inert gases in Mendeleev’s periodic table by creating an additional group without disturbing the position of other elements in his periodic table.

Question 3.
Give reason: Mendeleev’s periodic law was modified into modern periodic law.
Answer:

• Henry Moseley in 1913, studied X-ray spectra of large number of elements.
• He observed that the frequency of X-ray emitted from an element is related to atomic number (Z) of an element and not its atomic mass.
• Therefore, the atomic number, Z, was considered as more fundamental property of the atom than the atomic mass.
• As a result, Mendeleev’s periodic law was modified.

Question 4.
Define atomic number.
Answer:
Atomic number (Z) is the total number protons present in the atom of an element.

Question 5.
State the modern periodic law.
Answer:
Modern periodic law: “The physical and chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers”.

Question 6.
Periods and groups present in the modern periodic table are numbered based on whose recommendation ?
Answer:
Numbering of the periods and groups in the modem periodic table is based on the recommendation provided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Question 7.
Write a note on: Structure of the modern periodic table.
Answer:
Structure of the modern periodic table:
i. The modem periodic table also known as the Tong form of periodic table’ has number of boxes formed by the intersection of horizontal rows and vertical columns.
ii. The horizontal rows are called periods and the vertical columns are called groups.
iii. There are seven periods numbered from 1 to 7 and eighteen groups numbered from 1 to 18.
iv. There are total 118 boxes in the modem periodic table which are filled with 118 elements discovered till now including manmade elements.
v. The modem periodic table is divided into four blocks i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block.

• Two groups on the extreme left of the modem periodic table form the s-block.
• Six groups on the extreme right constitute the p-block.
• Ten groups in the centre form the d-block
• Two series at the bottom of the modem periodic table constitute the f-block. It contains fourteen elements in each series.

Question 8.
State the relationship between the modern periodic table and electronic configuration in periods.
Answer:

• The modem periodic table is based on the atomic numbers of the elements. When elements are arranged in an increasing order of atomic number (Z), periodicity is observed in their electronic configurations which reflects in the characteristic structure of the modem periodic table.
• The location of elements in the modem periodic table is correlated to quantum numbers of the last filled orbital.
• Along a period, the atomic number increases by one and one electron is added to the outermost shell which forms neutral atom of the next element.
• The period number is same as the principal quantum number ‘n’ of the valence shell of the elements.
• A period begins with filling of a particular shell and ends when the valence shell attains complete octet configuration (or duplet, in case of the first period).
• The next period begins with addition of electron to the next shell of higher energy compared to the previous period. e. g. First shell of the elements gets filled along the first period while second shell starts filling in the second period and addition of electrons continues till second shell (valence shell) attains stable electronic configuration.

Question 9.
Give reason: First period in the modern periodic table contains only two elements.
Answer:

• Elements present in the first period i.e., H and He contain only one shell which is also their valence shell and can accommodate maximum two electrons.
• As first shell can accommodate only two electrons, first period ends at He which has a complete duplet. Hence, first period in the modem periodic table contains only two elements.

Question 10.
Write names and electronic configurations of elements of first period in the modern periodic table. Identify which of them has the stable complete electronic configuration.
Answer:

• Hydrogen (H) : 1s², Helium (He) : 2s²
• Since helium has a complete duplet i.e., two electrons in its valence shell, it has the stable complete electronic configuration.

Question 11.
Explain how does the filling of electrons takes place in the modern periodic table across:
i. Second period
ii. Third period
Answer:
i. Filling of electrons in the second period:

• In the second period, electrons are filled in the second shell i.e., n = 2.
• This shell can accommodate a maximum of eight electrons and gets filled as the atomic number increases along the second period.
• The second period begins with Li (Z = 3): 1s² 2s¹ and ends up with Ne (Z = 10): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.
• Neon has complete octet with 8 electrons in its valence shell. Therefore, the second period contains eight elements.

ii. Filling of electrons in the third period:

• The third period corresponds to the filling of the third shell i.e. n = 3.
• The third period also contains eight elements.
• It begins with the filling of electrons in the first element Na (Z = 11) : [Ne] 3s¹ and ends with the last element Ar (Z = 18) = [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶.
• The condensed electronic configurations for the elements of third period is [Ne] 3s^1-2 3p^1-6.

Question 12.
There are 18 elements in the fourth period of the modern periodic table. Explain.
Answer:

• The fourth period corresponds to the filling of fourth shell, n = 4.
• Therefore, it begins with filling of 4s subshell. The first two elements of the fourth period are K (Z = 19) : [Ar] 4s¹ and Ca (Z = 20) : [Ar] 4s².
• According to the aufbau principle, the next higher energy subshell is 3d, which can accommodate up to 10 electrons. Thus, filling of the 3d subshell results in the next 10 elements of the fourth period i.e., from Sc (Z = 21) : [Ar] 4s²3d¹ to Zn (Z = 30): [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰.
• After filling of 3d subshell, the electrons enter the 4p subshell which can accommodate maximum 6 electrons. Hence, filling of 4p subshell results in the next 6 elements i.e., from Ga (Z = 31): [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰ 4p¹ to Kr (Z = 36): [Ar] 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p6.
• Thus, the elements in fourth period are: 2 elements (with 4s subshell), 10 elements (with 3d subshell) and 6 elements (with 4p subshell).
• Hence, there are 18 elements in the fourth period of the modem periodic table.

Question 13.
Why does the fifth period of the modern periodic table contain 18 electrons?
Answer:
The fifth period accommodates 18 elements as a result of successive filling of electrons in the 5s, 4d and 5p subshells.

Question 14.
What is the general trend followed while filling of electrons across a period in the modern periodic table.
Answer:

• A period begins by filling of one electron to the ‘s’ subshell of a new shell and ends when an element corresponding to the same shell attains complete octet (or duplet).
• Between these two ‘s’ and ‘p’ subshell of the valence shell, the inner subshells ‘d’ and ‘f’ are filled successively following the aufbau principle.

Question 15.
What is the subshell in which the last electron of the first element in the 6th period enters?
Answer:
The 6^th period begins by filling the last electron in the shell with n = 6. The lowest energy subshell of any shell is ‘s’. Therefore, the last electron of the first element in the 6th period enters the subshell ‘6s’.

Question 16.
How many elements are present in the 6th period? Explain.
Answer:

• The 6^th period begins by filling the last electron in the subshell ‘6s’ and ends by completing the subshell ‘6p’. Therefore, the sixth period has the subshells filled in increasing order of energy as 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p.
• The electron capacities of these subshells are 2, 14, 10 and 6, respectively. Therefore, the total number of elements in the 6^th period is 2 + 14 + 10 + 6 = 32.

Question 17.
How does electronic configuration vary down a group in the modern periodic table?
Answer:

• As we move from top to bottom in a group, a new shell gets added successively in the atom of an element. Therefore, the last electron enters in a new shell down the group.
• Hence, the general outer electronic configuration of the elements in a group remains the same. This holds true for groups 1, 2 and 3 elements.
• In the groups 13 to 18 the appropriate inner ‘d’ and ‘f’ subshells are completely filled and the general outer electronic configuration is the same down the groups 13 to 18.
• However, in the groups 4 to 12, the ‘d’ and ‘f subshells are introduced at a later stage (4th period for ‘d’ and 6th period for ‘f’) down the group. As a result, variation in the general outer configuration is introduced only at the

Note: General outer electronic configuration in groups 1 to 3 and 13 to 18.

Question 18.
On what basis is the modern periodic table divided into four blocks?
Answer:
The modem periodic table is divided into four blocks based on the subshell in which the last electron enters.

Question 19.
Why elements of group 1 and group 2 are known as s-block elements?
Answer:

• The subshell in which the last electron enters decides the block to which an element belongs.
• In group 1 and group 2 elements, the last electron is filled in the s subshell.

Therefore, the elements of group 1 and group 2 are known as s-block elements.

Question 20.
Elements belonging to which groups constitute the p-block and why?
Answer:

• Elements belonging to groups 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 constitute the p-block.
• The last electron in the p-block elements is filled in p subshell.
• As p subshell contains three degenerate p orbitals, it can accommodate up to 6 electrons.
• Therefore, the p-block elements belonging to six groups i.e., groups 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 in which last electron enters in p subshell constitute the p-block.

Question 21.
Give reason: Helium which is the first element of group 18 is placed in the p-block even though its last electron enters in s subshell.
Answer:

• Electronic configuration of helium is 1s² which indicates that it has a stable electronic configuration i.e., a complete duplet.
• The p-block ends with group 18 which is a family of inert gases having stable electronic configuration (complete octet except helium).
• Therefore, helium is placed with group 18 elements in p-block due to its stable electronic configuration even though its last electron enters in s subshell.

Question 22.
State the general outer electronic configuration of s-block and p-block elements.
Answer:
The general outer electronic configuration of s-block elements is ns^1-2.
The general electronic configuration for the p-block elements is ns²np^1-6.

Question 23.
There are total 10 groups in the d-block of the modern periodic table. Explain.
Answer:

• The d-block in the modem periodic table is formed as a result of filling the last electron in d orbital.
• As there are five orbitals in a d subshell, 10 electrons can successively be accommodated.

Hence, there are total 10 groups in the d-block of the modem periodic table i.e., group 3 to 12.

Question 24.
The last electron enters a (n-1)d orbital only after the ns subshell is completely filled. Explain.
Answer:
A d subshell is present in the shells with n ≥ 3 and according to the (n+1) rule, the energy of ns orbital is less than that of the (n-1)d orbital. As a result, the last electron enters a (n-1)d orbital only after the ns subshell is completely filled.

Question 25.
Chromium exhibit 4s¹ 3d⁵ electronic configuration instead of 4s² 3d⁴. Explain.
Answer:

• Completely filled or half-filled subshells are highly stable.
• In 4s¹ 3d⁵ configuration, both s and d subshells are half-filled.
• Thus, due to the extra stability associated with half-filled subshells, chromium exhibits 4s¹ 3d⁵ electronic configuration instead of 4s² 3d⁴.

Question 26.
What is the general outer electronic configuration of d-block and f-block elements?
Answer:
The general outer electronic configuration of the d-block elements is ns^0-2 (n-1)d^1-10 while the general outer electronic configuration of the f-block elements is ns² (n-1)d^0-1 (n-2)f^1-14.

Question 27.
Expected outer electronic configuration of europium (Eu) is 6s² 4f⁶ 5d¹. However, it exhibits different than expected outer electronic configuration.
i. Write the observed outer electronic configuration of Eu.
ii. What is the reason for this variation in electronic configuration?
Answer:
i. Observed outer electronic configuration of europium (Eu) is 6s² 4f⁷ 5d⁰.
ii. In the observed electronic configuration of Eu, 4f subshell is half-filled which is a highly stable configuration. Therefore, observed electronic configuration of Eu varies than expected.

Question 28.
Name the two series that constitute f-block.
Answer:
The f-block constitutes two series of 14 elements called the lanthanide and the actinide series which are placed one below the other.

Question 29.
State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct if false.
i. Position of the elements in the modern periodic table is related to the quantum number of their last filled orbital.
ii. Group number is same as the principal quantum number ‘n’ of the valence shell of the elements.
Answer:
i. True
ii. False
Period number is same as the principal quantum number ‘n’ of the valence shell of the elements.

Question 30.
Name the following.
i. Shortest period in the modern periodic table.
ii. Block which is placed separately at the bottom of the modern periodic table.
Answer:
i. First period
ii. f-Block

Question 31.
How can a period, group and block of the element be determined?
Answer:
The group, period and the block of the element can be determined on the basis of its electronic configuration.
i. Period: The principal quantum number of the valence shell corresponds to the period of the element.
e. g. The principal quantum number (n) of the valence shell (3s¹) of Na (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹) is 3. This corresponds to third period.

ii. Block: The subshell in which the last electron enters, corresponds to the block of the elements (with exception being He).
e. g. The subshell 3d (in which the last electron enters) for Sc (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s²) corresponds to d block.

iii. Group: The group of the element is determined on the basis of number of electrons present in the outermost or penultimate [next to outermost, i.e. (n-1)] shell:

• For s-block elements, group number = number of valence electrons.
• For p-block elements, group number = 18 – number of electrons required to complete octet.
• For d-block elements, group number = 2 + number of (n-1)d electrons.

Question 32.
Outer electronic configurations of a few elements are given below. Explain them and identify the period, group and block in the periodic table to which they belong.
₂He: 1s², ₅₄Xe: 5s²5p⁶, ₁₆S: 3s²3p⁴, ₇₉Au: 6s¹5d¹⁰
Answer:
i. ₂He: 1s²
Here, n = 1. Therefore, ₂He belongs to the 1^st period.
The shell n = 1 has only one subshell, namely 1s. The outer electronic configuration 1s² of ‘He’ corresponds to the maximum capacity of 1s, the complete duplet. Therefore, He is placed at the end of the 1^st period in the group 18 of inert gases. So, ‘He’ belongs to p-block.

ii. ₅₄Xe: 5s²5p⁶
Here, n = 5. Therefore, ₅₄Xe belongs to the 5^th period.
The outer electronic configuration. 5s²5p⁶ corresponds to complete octet. Therefore, ₅₄Xe is placed in group 18 and belongs to p-block.

iii. ₁₆S: 3s²3p⁴
Here, n = 3. Therefore, ₁₆S belongs to the 3^rd period. The 3p subshell in ‘S’ is partially filled and short of completion of octet by two electrons. Therefore, ‘S’ belongs to (18 – 2) = 16^th group and p-block.

iv. ₇₉AU: 6s¹5d¹⁰
Here n = 6. Therefore, ‘Au’ belongs to the 6^th period.
The sixth period begins with filling of electron into 6s and then into 5d orbital.
The outer configuration of ‘Au’: 6s¹ 5d¹⁰ implies that (1 + 10) = 11 electrons are filled in the outer orbitals to give ‘Au’. Therefore ‘Au’ belongs to the group 11.
As the last electron has entered ‘d’ orbital ‘Au’ belongs to the d-block.

Question 33.
Predict the block, periods and groups to which the following elements belong.
i. Mg (Z = 12)
ii. V (Z = 23)
iii. Sb (Z = 51)
iv. Rn (Z = 86)
v. Na (Z = 11)
vi. Cl (Z = 17)
Answer:
i. Mg (Z = 12): Atomic number of Mg is 12. Electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s².
Block: Since the last electron enters s subshell (3 s), Mg belongs to s-block.
Period: n = 3. Therefore, it is present in the third period.
Group: For s-block element, group number = number of valence electrons = 2. Hence, it belongs to group 2.

ii. V (Z = 23): Atomic number of V is 23. Electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s².
Block: Since the last electron enters d subshell (3d), V belongs to d-block.
Period: n = 4. Therefore, it is present in the fourth period.
Group: For d-block elements, group number = 2 + number of (n – 1)
d electrons = 2 + 3 = 5. Hence, it belongs to group 5.

iii. Sb (Z = 51): Atomic number of Sb is 51.
Electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³.
Block: Since the last electron enters p subshell (5p), Sb belongs to p-block.
Period: n = 5. Therefore, it is present in the fifth period.
Group: For p block elements, group number = 18 – number of electrons required to complete octet
= 18 – 3 = 15. Hence it belongs to group 15.

iv. Rn (Z = 86): Atomic number of Rn is 86.
Electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶.
Block: Since the last electron enters p subshell (6p), Rn belongs to p-block.
Period: n = 6. Therefore, it is present in the sixth period.
Group: For p block elements, group number = 18 – number of electrons required to complete octet
= 18 – 0 = 18. Hence, it belongs to group 18.

v. Na (Z = 11): Atomic number of Na is 11. Electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.
Block: Since the last electron enters s subshell (3s), Na belongs to s-block.
Period: n = 3. Therefore, it is present in the third period.
Group: For s-block element, number of the group = number of valence electrons = 1. Hence, it belongs to group 1.

vi. Cl (Z = 17): Atomic number of Cl is 17. Electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
Block: Since the last electron enters p subshell (3p), Cl belongs to p-block.
Period: n = 3. Therefore, it is present in the third period.
Group: For p block elements, group number = 18 – number of electrons required to complete octet
= 18 – 1 = 17. Hence, it belongs to group 17.

Question 34.
State the characteristics of s-block elements.
Answer:

• The s-block contains the elements of group 1 (alkali metals) and group 2 (alkaline earth metals).
• They occur in nature only in combined state as they are reactive elements.
• Except Li and Be, compounds formed by all other s-block elements are predominantly ionic in nature.
• This is because they have only one or two valence electrons which they can lose readily forming M⁺ or M²⁺ ions.
• Since they can lose electrons easily, they have low ionization enthalpies, which decreases down the group resulting in increased reactivity.

Question 35.
What are main group elements?
Answer:
The p-block elements together with s-block elements are called main group elements or representative elements.

Question 36.
Give reason: Group 18 elements do not participate in chemical reactions readily.
Answer:

• Group 18 is the last group of p-block and include noble or inert gases.
• They have closed valence shells (complete duplet in the case of ‘He’ and complete octet in the case of the other noble gases).
• Therefore, they show very low chemical reactivity and thus, do not participate in chemical reactions readily.

Question 37.
Why nonmetals present in group 17 and 16 in the modern periodic table are highly reactive?
Answer:

• Nonmetals present in group 17 (halogen family) and group 16 (chalcogens) have highly negative electron gain enthalpies.
• As a result, they readily accept one or two electrons and form anions (X^– or X^2-) that have complete octet.
• Therefore, nonmetals present in group 17 and 16 are highly reactive.

Question 38.
Explain the composition of the p-block in the modern periodic table.
Answer:

• The p-block contains elements of groups 13 to 18.
• It contains all the three types of elements i.e., metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
• In the p-block, metals and nonmetals are separated from each other by a zig-zag line. The metals are present on the left and the nonmetals are present on the right side while the metalloids are present along the zig-zag line.

Question 39.
State whether the following statements are true or false. Correct if false.
i. Nonmetallic character increases from left to right across a period.
ii. Nonmetallic character increases down a group.
Answer:
i. True
ii. False
Nonmetallic character decreases down a group.

Question 40.
Differentiate between s-block and p-block elements.
Answer:
s-Block elements:

• s-Block contains group 1 and group 2 elements.
• It contains only metals.
• The last electron in the s-block elements enters in s orbital.
• General outer electronic configuration of s-block elements is ns^1-2.
• e.g. Na, K, Ca, Mg, etc.

p-Block elements:

• p-Block contains elements from groups 13 to 18.
• It contains metals, nonmetals as well as metalloids.
• The last electron in the p-block elements enters in p orbital.
• General outer electronic configuration of p-block elements is ns² np^1-6.
• e.g. C, N, O, F, etc.

Question 41.
Write a note on the characteristics of the d-block elements.
Answer:

• The d-block contains elements of the groups 3 to 12 which are all metals. They are also known as transition elements or transition metals.
• They form a bridge between chemically reactive s-block elements and less reactive elements of groups 13 and 14.
• Most of the d-block elements possess partially filled inner d orbitals. As a result, the d-block elements have properties such as variable oxidation state, paramagnetism, ability to form coloured ions. They can be used as catalysts.
• Zn, Cd, and Hg with configuration ns² (n-1)d¹⁰, (completely filled s and d subshells) do not show characteristic properties of transition metals as they are stable.

Question 42.
Explain in brief about the f-block elements.
Answer:

• The elements present in f-block are all metals and are placed in the two rows called lanthanide series (₅₈Ce to ₇₁Lu) and actinide series (₉₀Th to ₁₀₃Lr).
• The lanthanides are also known as rare earth elements while the actinide elements beyond ₉₂U are called transuranium elements.
• All the transuranium elements are manmade and radioactive.
• The last electron of the elements of these series is filled in the (n-2)f subshell, and therefore, these are called inner transition elements.
• These elements have very similar properties within each series.

Question 43.
What is lanthanide and actinide series?
Answer:
i. Lanthanide series: The fourteen elements after lanthanum (Z = 57) i.e., from cerium (Z = 58) to lutetium (Z = 71) are named after their preceding member (₅₇La) present in the third group and 6^th period and are called lanthanides. They are kept in separate series called lanthanide series at the bottom of the modem periodic table.

ii. Actinide series: The fourteen elements after actinium i.e., from thorium (Z = 90) to lawrencium (Z = 103) are named after ₈₉Ac present in third period and 7^th group. They are kept in separate series called actinide series at the bottom of the modem periodic table.

Question 44.
Differentiate between d-block and f-block elements.
Answer:
d-Block elements:

• d-Block contains elements from group 3 to group 12.
• It is present in the middle of the modern periodic table.
• They are also known as transition elements.
• The last electron in the d-block elements enters in d orbital.
• General outer electronic configuration of d-block elements is ns^0-2 (n-1)d^1-10 .
• e.g. Cu, Zn, Cr, Ti, V, etc.

f-Block elements:

• f-Block contains elements of lanthanide and actinide series.
• f-block elements are present below the modern periodic table as two separate rows.
• They are also known as inner transition elements.
• The last electron in the f-block elements enters in f orbital.
• General outer electronic configuration of f-block elements is ns² (n-1) d^0-1 (n-2) f¹¹⁴.
• e.g. Ce, Pr, Nd Th, U, Np, etc.

Question 45.
Chlorides of two metals are common laboratory chemicals and both are colourless. One of the metals reacts vigorously with water while the other reacts slowly. Place the two metals in the appropriate block in the periodic table. Justify your answer.
Answer:
i. Metals are present in all the four blocks of the periodic table.
ii. Salts of metals in the f-block and p-block (except AlCl₃) are not common laboratory chemicals. Therefore, the choice is between s- and d-block.
iii. From the given properties their placement is done as shown below:

• s-block: Metal that reacts vigorously with water.
• d-block: Metal that reacts slowly with water.

iv. The colourless nature of the less reactive metal in the d-block implies that the inner d subshell is completely filled.

Question 46.
What are periodic properties?
Answer:

• The elements in the modem periodic table (long form of periodic table) are arranged in such a way that on moving across a period or down the group, several properties of elements vary in regular fashion. These properties are called periodic properties.
• Atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency and oxidation states are several properties of elements that show periodic variations.

Question 47.
What leads to the phenomena called effective nuclear charge and screening effect in an atom?
Answer:

• The periodic trends are explained in the terms of two fundamental factors, namely, attraction of extranuclear electrons towards the nucleus and repulsion between electrons belonging to the same atom.
• These attractive and repulsive forces operate simultaneously in an atom.
• This results in two interrelated phenomena called effective nuclear charge and screening effect in an atom.

Question 48.
Explain the concept of effective nuclear charge in detail.
Answer:
i. In a multi-electron atom, the positively charged nucleus attracts the negatively charged electrons around it, and there is mutual repulsion between the negatively charged extranuclear electrons.
ii. The repulsion by inner shell electrons results in pushing the outer shell electrons further away from the nucleus. Thus, the outer shell electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus.
iii. As a result, the attraction of the nucleus for an outer electron is partially cancelled and hence, an outer shell electron does not experience the actual positive charge present on the nucleus. This effect of the inner electrons on the outer electrons is called screening effect or shielding effect.
iv. The net nuclear charge actually experienced by an electron is called the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff).
The effective nuclear charge is lower than the actual nuclear charge (Z).
v. Effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) = Z – electron shielding
= Z – σ
Here σ (sigma) is called shielding constant or screening constant and the value of σ depends upon type of the orbital that the electron occupies.

Question 49.
Define:
i. Effective nuclear charge (Z_eff)
ii. Screening effect (or shielding effect)
Answer:
i. Effective nuclear charge (Z_eff): In multi-electron atom, the net nuclear charge actually experienced by an electron is called the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff).
ii. Screening effect (or shielding effect): In multi-electron atom, the effect of the inner electrons on the outer electrons is called screening effect or shielding effect of the inner/core electrons.

Question 50.
Explain the variations in effective nuclear charge
i. Across a period
ii. Down a group
Answer:
i. Across a period:

• As we move across a period, atomic number increases by one and thus, actual nuclear charge (Z) increases by +1 at a time.
• However, the valence shell remains the same and the newly added electron gets accommodated in the same shell. There is no addition of electrons to the core i.e., inner shells. Thus, shielding due to core electrons remains the same even though the actual nuclear charge increases.
• As a result, the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) goes on increasing across a period.

ii. Down a group:

• As we move down a group, a new larger valence shell is added. As a result, there is an additional shell in the core.
• The shielding effect of the increased number of core electrons outweighs the effect of the increased nuclear charge. Thus, the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outer electrons decreases largely down a group.
• Hence, the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff) decreases down a group.

Question 51.
Define atomic radius.
Answer:
Atomic radius is one half of the internuclear distance between two adjacent atoms of a metal or two single bonded atoms of a nonmetal.

Question 52.
What is meant by covalent radius of the atom? Explain with suitable examples.
Answer:

• In the case of nonmetals (except noble gases), the atoms of an element are bonded to each other by covalent bonds.
• Bond length of a single bond is taken as sum of radii of the two single bonded atoms. This is called covalent radius of the atom.
• For example: Bond length of C-C bond in diamond is 154 pm. Therefore, atomic radius of carbon is estimated to be 77 pm which is half of bond length (\(\frac {1}{2}\) × 154 = 77).

Question 53.
How is atomic radius of a nonmetallic element estimated?
Answer:

• The atomic size of a nonmetallic element is estimated from the distance between the two atoms bound together by a single covalent bond. From this, the covalent radius of the element is estimated.
• The internuclear distance in a diatomic molecule of an element is its covalent bond length. Half the covalent bond length gives the covalent radius.
• Bond length of Cl-Cl bond in Cl₂ is measured as 198 pm. Therefore, the atomic radius of Cl is estimated to be 99 pm.

Question 54.
Define metallic radius.
Answer:
One half of the distance between the centres of nucleus of the two adjacent atoms of a metallic crystal is called as a metallic radius.

Question 55.
How is metallic radius determined in the case of metals? Give suitable example.
Answer:

• In the case of metals, distance between the adjacent atoms in metallic sample is measured. One half of this distance is taken as the metallic radius.
• For example: In beryllium, distance between the adjacent Be atoms is measured. One half of this distance is taken as the metallic radius of a Be atom.
• Distance between two adjacent Be atoms is 224 pm. Therefore, metallic radius of a Be atom is 112 pm.

Note: Atomic radii of some elements are given in the table below.

Question 56.
How is a cation and an anion formed?
Answer:
A cation (or positively charged ion) is formed by the removal of one or more electrons from the atom of an element whereas an anion (or negatively charged ion) is formed when the atom of an element gains one or more electrons.

Question 57.
Give reasons: Radius of a cation is smaller and that of an anion is larger as compared to that of their parent atoms.
Answer:

• A cation is formed by the loss of one or more electrons, therefore, it contains fewer electrons that the parent atom but has the same nuclear charge.
• As a result, the shielding effect is less and effective nuclear charge is larger within a cation. Thus, radius of a cation is smaller than the parent atom.
• However, an anion is formed by the gain of one or more electrons and therefore, it contains a greater number of electrons than the parent atom.
• Due to these additional electrons, anion experiences increased electronic repulsion and decreased effective nuclear charge. As a result, an anion has larger radius than its parent atom.

Hence, radius of a cation is smaller and that of an anion are larger as compared to that of their parent atoms.

Question 58.
Define: Isoelectronic species
Answer:
The atoms or ions which have the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic species.

Question 59.
Explain with example why the radii of isoelectronic species vary.
Answer:
i. The radii of isoelectronic species vary according to actual nuclear charge. Larger nuclear charge exerts greater attraction on the electrons and thus, the radius of that isoelectronic species becomes smaller.
ii. For example, F^– and Na⁺ both have 10 electrons but the nuclear charge on F^– is +9 which is smaller than that of Na⁺ which has the nuclear charge +11.
Hence, F has larger ionic radii (133 pm) than Na⁺ (98 pm).

Question 60.
What is the trend observed in the ionic size of the following isoelectronic species? Explain.
i. Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and Si⁴⁺
ii. O^2-, F^–, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺
Answer:
i. Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺ and Si⁴⁺

a. Among the given ions, the nuclear charge varies but the number of electrons remains the same and therefore, these are isoelectronic species.
b. The radii of isoelectronic species vary according to actual nuclear charge. Larger nuclear charge exerts greater attraction on the electrons and thus, the radius of that isoelectronic species becomes smaller.
c. The nuclear charge increases in the order Na⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Al³⁺ < Si⁴⁺ and thus, the ionic size decreases in the order Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Al³⁺ > Si⁴⁺.

ii. O^2-, F^–, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺

a. Among the given ions, the nuclear charge varies but the number of electrons remains the same and therefore, these are isoelectronic species.
b. The radii of isoelectronic species vary according to actual nuclear charge. Larger nuclear charge exerts greater attraction on the electrons and thus, the radius of that isoelectronic species becomes smaller.
c. The nuclear charge increases in the order O^2- < F^– < Na⁺ < Mg²⁺ and thus, the ionic size decreases in the order O^2- > F^– > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺.

Question 61.
Identify the species having larger radius from the following pairs:
i. Na and Na⁺
ii. Na⁺ and Mg²⁺
Answer:
i. The nuclear charge is the same in Na and Na⁺. But Na⁺ has a smaller number of electrons and a smaller number of occupied shells (two shells in Na⁺, while three shells in Na). Therefore, radius of Na is larger.
ii. Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ are isoelectronic species. Mg²⁺ has a larger nuclear charge than that of Na⁺. Therefore, Na⁺ has larger radius.

Question 62.
Which of the following species will have the largest and the smallest size? Why?
Mg, Mg²⁺, Al, Al³⁺
Answer:

• Atomic radius decreases across the period. Hence, the atomic radius of Mg is larger than that of Al.
• Parent atoms have larger radius than their corresponding cations. Hence, the radius of Mg is larger than that of Mg²⁺ and the radius of Al is larger than that of Al³⁺.
• Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ are isoelectronic. Among isoelectronic species, the one with larger nuclear charge will have smaller radius. Al³⁺ (Z = 13) has a larger nuclear charge than that of Mg²⁺ (Z = 12). Hence, the ionic radius of Al³⁺ is smaller than Mg²⁺.
• Therefore, the decreasing order of radius is Mg > Al > Mg²⁺ > Al³⁺.

Hence, species with the largest size is Mg and with the smallest size is Al³⁺.

Question 63.
Identify the element with more negative value of electron gain enthalpy from the following pairs. Justify.
i. Cl and Br
ii. F and O
Answer:
i. Cl and Br belong to the same group of halogens with Br having higher atomic number than CL As the atomic number increases down the group, the effective nuclear charge decreases. The increased shielding effect of core electrons can be noticed. The electron has to be added to a farther shell, which releases less energy and thus, electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative down the group. Therefore, Cl has more negative electron gain enthalpy than Br.

ii. F and O belong to the same second period with F having higher atomic number than O. As the atomic number increases across a period, atomic radius decreases, effective nuclear charge increases and electron can be added more easily. Therefore, more energy is released with gain of an electron as we move towards right in a period. Therefore, F has more negative electron gain enthalpy than O.

Question 64.
Explain the importance of electronegativity.
Answer:

• When two atoms of different elements form a covalent bond, the electron pair is shared unequally.
• Electronegativity represents attractive force exerted by the nucleus on shared electrons. Electron sharing between covalently bonded atoms takes place using the valence electron.
• It depends upon the effective nuclear charge experienced by electron involved in formation of the covalent bond.
• Electronegativity predicts the nature of the bond, or, how strong is the force of attraction that holds two atoms together.

Question 65.
Explain the trend in electronegativity
i. across a period
ii. down a group
Answer:
i. Across a period:
a. As we move across a period from left to right in the periodic table, the effective nuclear charge increases steadily.
b. Hence, due to the increase in effective nuclear charge, the tendency to attract shared electron pair in a covalent bond increases i.e., electronegativity increases from left to right across a period.
e. g. Li < Be < B < C < N < O <F.

ii. Down a group:
a. As we move down the group from top to bottom in the periodic table, the size of the valence shell goes on increasing.
b. However, the effective nuclear charge decreases as the shielding effect of the core electrons increases due to the increase in the size of the atoms.
c. Thus, the tendency to attract shared electron pair in a covalent bond decreases, decreasing the electronegativity down the group.
e.g. F > Cl > Br > I > At.

Question 66.
Explain the terms:
i. Valency of an element
ii. Oxidation state (or oxidation number)
iii. Chemical reactivity
Answer:
i. Valency of an element:

• Valency of an element indicates the number of chemical bonds that the atom can form giving a molecule.
• The most fundamental chemical property of an element is its combining power. This property is numerically expressed in terms of valency or valence.
• Valence does not have any sign associated with it.
• Valency of the main group elements is usually equal to the number of valence electrons (outer electrons) and/or equal to difference between 8 and the number of valence electrons.

ii. Oxidation state (or oxidation number):

• The oxidation state or oxidation number is a frequently used term related to valence.
• Oxidation number has a sign, + or – which is decided by the electronegativities of atoms that are bonded.

iii. Chemical reactivity:

• Chemical reactivity is related to the ease with which an element loses or gains the electrons.
• Chemical properties of elements depend on their electronic configuration.

Question 67.
What is the trend observed in the valency of main group elements?
Answer:
i. Valency of the main group elements is usually equal to the number of valence electrons (outer electrons) or it is equal to the difference between 8 and the number of valence electrons.
i.e., (8 – number of valence electrons).
ii. The valency remains the same down the group and shows a gradual variation across the period as atomic number increases from left to right.

Note: Periodic trends in valency of main group elements.

Question 68.
Give any two distinguishing points between metals and nonmetals.
Answer:
Metals:

1. Generally, metals exhibit good electrical conductivity.
2. They can form compounds by loss of valence electrons.

Nonmetals:

1. Generally, nonmetals exhibit poor electrical conductivity.
2. Nonmetals can form compounds by gain of valence electrons in valence shell.

Question 69.
Explain the variation of the following property of elements down a group and across a period.
i. Metallic character
ii. Nonmetallic character
Answer:
The variation observed in the metallic and nonmetallic character of elements can be explained in the terms of ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy.
i. Metallic character:

• The ionization enthalpy decreases down the group. Thus, the tendency to lose valence electrons increases down the group and the metallic character increases down a group.
• However, the ionization enthalpy increases across the period and as a result metallic character decreases across a period.

ii. Nonmetallic character:

• Electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative as we move down the group and hence, nonmetallic character decreases down the group.
• However, electron gain enthalpy becomes more and more negative across the period and thus, nonmetallic character increases across the period.

Question 70.
Justify the position of most reactive and least reactive elements in the modern periodic table.
Answer:

• Chemical reactivity of elements depends on the ease with which it attains electronic configuration of the nearest inert gas by gaining or losing electrons.
• The elements preceding an inert gas react by gaining electrons in the outermost shell, whereas the elements which follow an inert gas in the periodic table react by loss of valence electrons. Thus, the chemical reactivity is decided by the electron gain enthalpy and ionization enthalpy values, which in turn, are decided by effective nuclear charge and finally by the atomic size.
• The ionization enthalpy is the smallest for the element on the extreme left in a period, whereas the electron gain enthalpy is the most negative for the second last element on the extreme right, (preceding to the inert gas which is the last element of a period).
• Thus, the most reactive elements lie on the extreme left and the extreme right (excluding inert gases) of the periodic table.

Question 71.
How can we predict chemical reactivity of elements based on their oxide formation reactions and the nature of oxides formed?
Answer:

• The chemical reactivity can be illustrated by comparing the reaction of elements with oxygen to form oxides and the nature of the oxides.
• Alkali metals present on the extreme left of the modem periodic table are highly reactive and thus, they react vigorously with oxygen to form oxides such as Na₂O which reacts with water to form strong bases like NaOH.
• The reactive elements on the right i.e., halogens react with oxygen to form oxides such as Cl₂O₇ which on reaction with water form strong acids like HClO₄.
• The oxides of the elements in the centre of the main group elements are either amphoteric (Al₂O₃) neutral (CO, NO) or weakly acidic (CO₂).

Question 72.
Write the chemical equations for reaction, if any, of (i) Na₂O and (ii) Al₂O₃ with HCl and NaOH both. Correlate this with the position of Na and Al in the periodic table, and infer whether the oxides are basic, acidic or amphoteric.
Answer:
i. Na₂O + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O
Na₂O + NaOH → No reaction
As Na₂O reacts with an acid to form salt and water it is a basic oxide. This is because Na is a reactive metal lying on the extreme left of the periodic table.

ii. Al₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂O
Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂O
As Al₂O₃ reacts with an acid as well as base to form a salt and water. It is an amphoteric oxide. Al is a moderately reactive element lying in the centre of main group elements in the periodic table.

Question 73.
Comment on the chemical reactivity of d-block and f-block elements.
Answer:

• d-block (transition) elements and f-block (inner transition) elements exhibit very small change in atomic radii.
• Therefore, the transition and inner transition elements belonging to the individual series have similar chemical properties.
• Their ionization enthalpies are intermediate between those of s-block and p-block elements. Thus, d-block and f-block elements generally show moderate reactivity.

Question 74.
Ge, S and Br belong to the groups 14, 16 and 17, respectively. Predict the empirical formulae of the compounds those can be formed by (i) Ge and S, (ii) Ge and Br.
Answer:
From the group number we understand that the general outer electronic configuration and number of valence electrons and valencies of the three elements are:

i. S is more electronegative than Ge. Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound formed by these two elements is predicted by the method of cross multiplication of the valencies:

ii. Br is more electronegative than Ge. The empirical formula of the compound formed by these two elements is predicted by the method of cross multiplication of valencies:

[Note: More electronegative element is written on right hand side in cross multiplication method.]

Question 75.
The first ionization enthalpies of 5 elements of second period are given below:

Element	1st IE values (kJ mol-1)
I	520
II	1681
III	1086
IV	2080
V	899

Based on the above data, answer the following questions:
i. Identify the element having highest atomic number.
ii. If element I is lithium, how will you explain its low value of first ionization enthalpy?
iii. Explain why ionization enthalpies are always positive.
Answer:
i. Element IV. The first ionization enthalpy increases with increase in atomic number along a period. Hence, the element IV having highest IE will have highest atomic number among the given elements.
ii. Alkali metals have only one electron in their valence shell which can be easily lost resulting in the stable noble gas configuration. Therefore, lithium shows low value of first ionization enthalpy.
iii. Energy is always required to remove electrons from an atom. Hence, ionization enthalpies have positive value.

Question 76.
From the elements Mg, Ar, Cl, Sr, P and S, choose one that fits each of the below given descriptions:
i. An element having two valence electrons.
ii. An element having properties similar to that of O.
iii. A noble gas.
iv. An alkaline earth metal,
v. An element having electronic configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³.
Answer:
i. Magnesium (Mg)
ii. Sulphur (S)
iii. Argon (Ar)
iv. Strontium (Sr)
v. Phosphorus (P)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Mendeleev’s periodic table had …………… elements.
(A) 75
(B) 83
(C) 63
(D) 118
Answer:
(C) 63

2. The serial or ordinal number of an element in Mendeleev’s periodic table was recognized as ………….
(A) neutron number
(B) valency
(C) principal quantum number
(D) proton number
Answer:
(D) proton number

3. Mendeleev predicted the existence of …………..
(A) aluminium
(B) silicon
(C) tellurium
(D) germanium
Answer:
(D) germanium

4. According to Mendeleev’s periodic law, the physical and chemical properties of elements are the periodic function of their …………..
(A) atomic weights
(B) atomic numbers
(C) molecular formulas
(D) molecular weights
Answer:
(A) atomic weights

5. Moseley showed that the fundamental property of an element is ……………
(A) atomic number
(B) atomic mass
(C) both A and B
(D) none of these
Answer:
(A) atomic number

6. According to periodic law of elements, the variation in properties of elements is related to their ……………
(A) densities
(B) atomic masses
(C) atomic sizes
(D) atomic numbers
Answer:
(D) atomic numbers

7. At present, how many elements are known?
(A) 118
(B) 110
(C) 114
(D) 120
Answer:
(A) 118

8. The long form of the periodic table consists of how many periods?
(A) 5
(B) 8
(C) 10
(D) 7
Answer:
(D) 7

9. According to quantum mechanical model of the atom, the properties of elements can be correlated to their …………….
(A) atomic number
(B) atomic mass
(C) valency
(D) electronic configuration
Answer:
(D) electronic configuration

10. The fourth, fifth and sixth periods are long periods and contain ……………
(A) 18, 18 and 36
(B) 18, 28 and 32
(C) 18, 15 and 31
(D) 18, 18 and 32
Answer:
(D) 18, 18 and 32

11. f-block elements are also known as ……………
(A) transition elements
(B) inert gas elements
(C) normal elements
(D) inner transition elements
Answer:
(D) inner transition elements

12. Which of the following forms a bridge between reactive s-block elements and less reactive group 13 and 14 elements?
(A) Inert gases
(B) Transition metals
(C) Halogens
(D) Inner transition metals
Answer:
(B) Transition metals

13. ………… elements are known as chalcogens.
(A) Group 17
(B) Group 18
(C) Group 16
(D) Group 1
Answer:
(C) Group 16

14. The name ‘rare earth elements’ is used for …………..
(A) lanthanides only
(B) actinides only
(C) both lanthanides and actinides
(D) alkaline earth metals
Answer:
(C) both lanthanides and actinides

15. Atomic number of V is 23 and its electronic configuration is …………….
(A) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²
(B) 1s² 2s² 2d³ 3p⁶ 2p⁶ 4s²
(C) 2s² 1s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3d³ 4s²
(D) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²
Answer:
(D) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²

16. Aluminium belongs to …………. elements.
(A) s-block
(B) p-block
(C) d-block
(D) f-block
Answer:
(B) p-block

17. In P^3-, S^2- and Cl^– ions, the increasing order of size is ………….
(A) Cl^– < S^2- < P^3-
(B) P^3- < S^2- < Cl^–
(C) S^2- < Cl^– < P^3-
(D) S^2- < P^3- < Cl^–
Answer:
(A) Cl- < S^2- < P^3-

18. The CORRECT order of radii is ……………
(A) N < Be < B
(B) F^–< O^2- <N^3-
(C) Na < Li < K
(D) Fe³⁺ < Fe²⁺ < Fe⁴⁺
Answer:
(B) F^– < O^2- <N^3-

19. Which of the following species will have the largest size Mg, Mg²⁺, Fe, Fe³⁺?
(A) Mg
(B) Mg²⁺
(C) Fe
(D) Fe³⁺
Answer:
(C) Fe

20. Which one of the following is CORRECT order of the size?
(A) I > I^– >I⁺
(B) I > I⁺ > I^–
(C) I⁺ > I^– > I
(D) I^– > I > I⁺
Answer:
(D) I^– > I > I⁺

21. The CORRECT order of increasing radii of the elements Na, Si, Al and P is ……………
(A) Si < Al < P < Na
(B) Al < Si < P < Na
(C) P < Si < Al < Na
(D) Al < P < Si < Na
Answer:
(C) P < Si < Al < Na

22. The metallic and nonmetallic properties of elements can be judged by their ……………
(A) electron gain enthalpy
(B) ionization enthalpy
(C) electronegativity
(D) valence
Answer:
(C) electronegativity

23. Which element has the most negative electron gain enthalpy?
(A) Sulphur
(B) Fluorine
(C) Chlorine
(D) Hydrogen
Answer:
(C) Chlorine

24. Which of the properties remain unchanged on descending a group in the periodic table?
(A) Atomic size
(B) Density
(C) Valency electrons
(D) Metallic character
Answer:
(C) Valency electrons

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology Important Questions Chapter 13 Respiration and Energy Transfer Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Biology Important Questions Chapter 13 Respiration and Energy Transfer

Question 1.
What is Phosphorylation?
Answer:
It is the formation of ATP, by addition inorganic phosphate to ADP.
ADP + Pi → ATP

Question 2.
What are the different ways of Phosphorylation?
Answer:
Phosphorylation occurs in three different ways as – photophosphorylation, substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 3.
What is Substrate-level phosphorylation? Where does it occur?
Answer:
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a direct phosphorylation of ADP by transfer of a phosphate group from any suitable substrate. It occurs in cytoplasm of the cells and matrix of mitochondria.

Question 4.
What is oxidative phosphorylation? Mention the site of this reaction.
Answer:
In oxidative phosphorylation ATP is synthesize by using the energy released during the oxidation of substrates like NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂. This occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane only.

Question 5.
When is ATP hydrolysed?
Answer:
ATP is hydrolysed whenever energy is required for any metabolic reactions.

Question 6.
What is respiration?
Answer:
Respiration is a catabolic process wherein complex organic substrate is oxidized to simple components to generate biological energy, i.e. ATP.

Question 7.
Give an example for anabolic and catabolic process.
Answer:
Anabolic process- Photosynthesis (Biosynthetic process).
Caiabolic process- Respiration (Breakdown process).

Question 8.
Name the following.

1. The substrate that undergoes oxidation during oxidative phosphorylation
2. The phosphorylation that occurs only in inner mitochondria! membrane
3. Two ways of cellular respiration

Answer:

1. NADH+H⁺ and FADH₂
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
3. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 9.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Answer:
1. Anaerobic respiration is the cellular respiration that does not involve the atmospheric oxygen. It is also called as fermentation.
2. It involves glycolysis where the product of glycolysis i.e. pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or ethanol.

Question 10.
What is glycolysis? Describe various steps involved in glycolysis.
OR
Describe the process involved in formation of pyruvic acid from glucose molecule.
OR
What is glycolysis? Describe the process of glycolysis with the help of schematic representation.
Answer:
Glycolysis is a process where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid, hence called glycolysis (glucose-breaking). It is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It involves ten steps.
Glycolysis consists of two major phases:
1. Preparatory phase (1-5 steps).
2. Payoff phase (6-10 steps).
1. Preparatory phase:
a. In this phase, glucose is phosphorylated twice by using two ATP molecules and a molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is formed.
b. It is then cleaved into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. These two molecules are 3-carbon carbohydrates (trioses) and are isomers of each other.
c. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate is isomerised to second molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
d. Therefore, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate are formed.
e. Preparatory phase of glycolysis ends.

2. Payoff phase:
a. In this phase, both molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to two molecules of 1,3- bisphoglycerate by oxidation and phosphorylation. Here, the phosphorylation is brought about by inorganic phosphate instead of ATP.
b. Both molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate are converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid through series of reactions accompanied with release of energy. This released energy is used to produce ATP (4 molecules) by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 11.
Write down the overall chemical reaction of a process in which glucose in broken down to two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Answer:
Overall reaction of glycolysis:
Glucose + 2 ATP + 2iP + 4 ADP + 2 NAD⁺ → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ADP + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 Ha⁺ + 2 H₂O

Question 12.
Write explanatorv notes on: Glycolysis
Answer:
Glycolysis is a process where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid, hence called glycolysis (glucose-breaking). It is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It involves ten steps.
Glycolysis consists of two major phases:
1. Preparatory phase (1-5 steps).
2. Payoff phase (6-10 steps).
1. Preparatory phase:
a. In this phase, glucose is phosphorylated twice by using two ATP molecules and a molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is formed.
b. It is then cleaved into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. These two molecules are 3-carbon carbohydrates (trioses) and are isomers of each other.
c. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate is isomerised to second molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
d. Therefore, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate are formed.
e. Preparatory phase of glycolysis ends.

2. Payoff phase:
a. In this phase, both molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to two molecules of 1,3- bisphoglycerate by oxidation and phosphorylation. Here, the phosphorylation is brought about by inorganic phosphate instead of ATP.
b. Both molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate are converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid through series of reactions accompanied with release of energy. This released energy is used to produce ATP (4 molecules) by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 13.
How glycolysis is regulated?
Answer:
Glycolysis is strongly regulated by the complex interplay between ATP consumption, NADH₂ regeneration and regulation of various glycolytic enzymes like hexokinase, PFK-1, pyruvate kinase, etc. Besides, it is also controlled by hormones like glucagon, epinephrine and insulin.

Question 14.
Where does glycolysis take place in a cell?
Answer:
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 15.
What are the products of cleavage in glycolysis?
Answer:
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (3-PGAL) are the products of cleavage in glycolysis.

Question 16.
Where does dehydration occur in glycolysis?
Answer:
In glycolysis, dehydration occurs when 2-Phosphoglyceric acid loses a water molecule (dehydration) to form phosphoenol pyruvic acid in presence of the enzyme enolase.

Question 17.
Name the process which is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
Glycolysis is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Question 18.
Name the enzymes that catalyse the irreversible reactions.
Answer:
Hexokinase, Phosphoffuctokinase, Phosphoglycerate kinase and Pyruvate kinase are the enzymes that catalyse the irreversible reactions.

Question 19.
Where glycolysis is the only source of energy production?
Answer:
Glycolysis is only source of energy production in erythrocytes, renal medulla, brain and sperm.

Question 20.
Which type of muscle fibres are rich in myoglobin?
Answer:
Red muscles are rich in myoglobin.

Question 21.
Which type of muscle fibre mainly performs anaerobic respiration?
Answer:
White muscle fibres mainly performs anaerobic respiration.

Question 22.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Answer:
It is a process of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvic acid undergoes reduction by addition of one proton and two electrons donated by NADH+H⁺ to form lactic acid as the product and NAD⁺ as the byproduct of oxidation. Skeletal muscles usually derive energy by this process. It is represented as follows:

Question 23.
What is the fate of pyruvate in yeast?
Answer:
Yeast shows both aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending upon the presence or absence of oxygen.
1. In absence of oxygen, the pyruvate undergoes anaerobic respiration where it is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is then reduced by NADH+H to ethanol and carbon dioxide. This type of anaerobic respiration is termed alcoholic fermentation.
2. In the presence of oxygen however, it can respire aerobically to produce C02 and H20.

Question 24.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Answer:
Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is then reduced by NADH+H+ to ethanol and Carbon dioxide. Since ethanol is produced during the process, it is termed alcoholic fermentation. It is represented as follows:

Question 25.
Name the process of respiration which does not involve intake of oxygen (0₂) and release of carbon dioxide (C0₂).
Answer:
Lactic acid fermentation is the process of anaerobic respiration which does not involve intake of oxygen (0₂) and release of carbon dioxide (C0₂).

Question 26.
Why yeast stops multiplying in the culture after alcoholic fermentation?
Answer:
After alcoholic fermentation the multiplication of yeast stops because the alcohol formed during the process kills the yeast cells.

Question 27.
What is aerobic respiration?
Answer:

1. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of free molecular oxygen during oxidation of glucose.
2. In this type of respiration, the glucose is completely oxidized to C0₂ and H₂0 with release of large amount of energy.
3. It involves glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation (connecting link reaction), Krebs cycle, electron transfer chain reaction and terminal oxidation.

Question 28.
Where does aerobic respiration occur in eukaryotic cell?
Answer:
Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria in eukaryotes.

Question 29.
Explain the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA.
OR
Describe the connecting link between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.
Answer:

1. The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA is an oxidative decarboxylation reaction.
2. It is catalyzed by a multienzyme complex-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). This enzyme is present in mitochondria of eukaryotes and cytosol of prokaryotes.
3. This reaction is called as ‘connecting link’ reaction between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

Question 30.
Name the following.
1. Which enzymes converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA?
2. Name the coenzyme required by pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Answer:
1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
2. Thiamin (vitamin Bi)

Question 31.
Why is acetyl Co-A called connecting link between glycolysis and Krebs cycle?
Answer:

1. The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA is an oxidative decarboxylation reaction.
2. It is catalyzed by a multienzyme complex-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). This enzyme is present in mitochondria of eukaryotes and cytosol of prokaryotes.
3. This reaction is called as ‘connecting link’ reaction between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

Question 32.
Why vitamin Bi is important for maintaining good health?
Answer:
1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) requires thiamin (vitamin Bi) as a co-enzyme. It cannot function in absence of vitamin B₁.
2. Thiamin deficiency causes many disorders such as pyruvic acidosis and lactic acidosis, which are life threatening conditions. Hence, it is required to maintain good health.

Question 33.
Describe Citric acid cycle.
OR
With the help of schematic representation explain Krebs cycle.
Answer:

1. Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle is the second phase of aerobic respiration which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
2. The acetyl CoA formed during the link reaction undergoes aerobic oxidation.
3. This cycle serves a common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
4. In mitochondria pyruvic acid is decarboxylated and the remaining 2-carbon fragment is combined with a molecule of coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA.
5. This reaction is an oxidative decarboxylation process and produces H⁺ ions and electrons along with carbon dioxide.
6. During the process NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH+H⁺.
7. P-oxidation of fatty acids also produces acetyl-CoA as the end product.
8. Acetyl-CoA from both sources is condensed with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. Citric acid is oxidized step-wise by mitochondrial enzymes, releasing carbon dioxide.
9. Regeneration of oxaloacetic acid occurs to complete the cycle.
10. There are four steps of oxidation in this cycle, catalyzed by dehydrogenases (oxidoreductases) using NAD⁺ or FAD⁺ as the coenzyme.
11. The coenzymes are consequently reduced to NADH⁺H⁺ and FADH₂ respectively. These transfer their electrons to the mitochondrial respiratory chain to get reoxidised.
12. One molecule of GTP (ATP) is also generated for every molecule of citric acid oxidized.

Question 34.
What is the site of Krebs cycle in mitochondria?
Answer:
Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 35.
Match the following:

Column I	Column II	Column III
1. Krebs cycle	(a) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate	(p) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
2. Glycolysis	(b) Succinyl CoA → Succinate	(q) NADH dehydrogenase
3. ETS	(c) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA	(r) Two ATP are produced
4. Link reaction	(d) Transfer of electrons from Complex to Ubiquinone	(s) Succinyl CoA – synthetase

Answer:

Column I	Column II	Column III
1. Krebs cycle	(b) Succinyl CoA → Succinate	(s) Succinyl CoA – synthetase
2. Glycolysis	(a) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate	(r) Two ATP are produced
3. ETS	(d) Transfer of electrons from Complex I to Ubiquinone	(q) NADH dehydrogenase
4. Link reaction	(c) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA	(p) Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 36.
Explain ETS.
OR
Illustrate the mechanism of electron transport system.
OR
Give an account of ATP generation steps during ETS.
OR
Explain the mechanism of electron transportation system (ETS).
OR
Explain terminal oxidation.
Answer:

1. NADH₂ and FADH₂ produced during glycolysis, connecting link reaction and Krebs cycle are oxidized with the help of various electron carriers and enzymes.
2. These carriers and enzymes are arranged on inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of various complexes as complex I, II, III, VI and V.
3. NADH+H⁺ is oxidised by NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) and it’s electrons are transferred to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q-CoQ) present on inner membrane of mitochondria. Reduced ubiquinone is called as ubiqunol.
4. FADH₂ is oxidised by complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase) and these electrons are also transferred to CoQ.
5. The open end of the glass tube (delivery tube) is dipped into lime water containing in a test tube (Tube B).
6. Stoppers of both the tubes are fitted tightly to prevent leakage of gases. First test tube is placed in warm water (37° C-38° C) in a beaker.
7. Lime water gradually turns milky, indicating the evolution of carbon dioxide from the yeast preparation.
8. Level of the lime water in the delivery tube does not rise, showing that there is no decline in volume of gas in test tube A and consequently no utilization of oxygen by yeast. Preparation is stored for a day or two.
9. When we open the stopper of tube A we will notice a smell of alcohol indicating the formation of ethanol.
10. From this activity it may be inferred that yeast respires anaerobically to ferment glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 37.
Explain the significance of electron transport system.
Answer:
Significance of ETS:

1. Major amount of energy is generated through ETS or terminal oxidation in the form of ATP molecules.
2. Per glucose molecule 38 ATP molecules are formed, out of which 34 ATP molecules are produced through ETS.
3. Oxidized coenzymes such as NAD and FAD are regenerated from their reduced forms (NADH+H⁺ and FADH₂) for recycling.
4. In this process, energy is released in a controlled and stepwise manner to prevent any damage to the cell.
5. ETS produces water molecules.

Question 38.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Answer:
Oxidative phosphorylation: It is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of substrates to produce ATP.

1. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondrial membrane.
2. Many intermediate products during respiration are oxidised and release 2H⁺.
3. The released hydrogen is trapped by NAD⁺ or FAD⁺.
4. Electrons pass through electron transport system to produce ATP and metabolic water.

Question 39.
Give the balance sheet of ATP formed in aerobic respiration.
Answer:

Step of Respiration	Consumption	Production				Total	Net benefit
		Substrate level phosphorylation	1 Oxidative Phosphorylation
			NADH+ H+	FADH2	Total
Glycolysis	2	4	2 × 3 = 6	___________	6	10	8
Pyruvate → AcetylCoA	_______________	___________	2 × 3 = 6	___________	6	6	6
Krebs cycle	_______________	1 × 2 = 2	6 × 3 = 18	2×2 = 4	22	24	24
Total	2	[6]	30 + 4 = [34]			m	38

Question 40.
With the help of an experiment explain how yeast respires anaerobically.
Answer:
Respiration in yeast can be demonstrated with the help of an experiment.
Anaerobic respiration in yeast:

1. A pinch of dry baker’s yeast suspended in water containing 10ml of 10% glucose in a test tube (test tube A).
2. The surface of the liquid is covered with oil to prevent entry of air and the test tube is closed tightly with rubber stopper to prevent leakage.
3. One end of a short-bent glass tube is inserted through it to reach the air inside the tube.
4. Other end of the glass tube is connected by a polyethylene or rubber tubing to another bent glass tube fitted into a stopper.
5. The open end of the glass tube (delivery tube) is dipped into lime water containing in a test tube
   (Tube B).
6. Stoppers of both the tubes are fitted tightly to prevent leakage of gases. First test tube is placed in warm water (37° C-38° C) in a beaker.
7. Lime water gradually turns milky, indicating the evolution of carbon dioxide from the yeast preparation.
8. Level of the lime water in the delivery tube does not rise, showing that there is no decline in volume of gas in test tube A and consequently no utilization of oxygen by yeast. Preparation is stored for a day or two.
9. When we open the stopper of tube A we will notice a smell of alcohol indicating the formation of ethanol.
10. From this activity it may be inferred that yeast respires anaerobically to ferment glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 41.
With the help of an experiment explain how germinating seeds respire.
Answer:

1. Seed coats of a few germinating seeds (peas, beans or gram) are removed and are then put in a test tube filled with mercury.
2. After closing the test tube with the thumb, it is vertically inverted in a trough of mercury and the thumb is carefully removed.
3. Being lighter than mercury, the seeds rise to the closed upper end of the test Uibe. No gas is seen at first in the test tube.
4. As germination proceeds, a gas begins to collect at the top of the mercury in the test tube.
5. On introducing a pellet of potassium hydroxide into the tube, it rises to the top and absorbs the gas. The mercury again fills the tube.
6. The potassium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide gas to produce potassium carbonate and water.
7. The gas therefore disappears. Evidently germinating seeds produce carbon dioxide by anaerobic respiration in the absence of oxygen in the mercury column.

[Note: Mercury is toxic chemical. Proper precautions must be taken while performing this experiment ]
[Note: Students can scan the adjacent QR code to get conceptual clarity with the aid of a relevant example.]

Question 42.
Give the significance of respiration.
OR
Write a short note on significance of respiration.
Answer:

1. Respiration provides energy for biosynthesis of biomolecules.
2. It is also a source of energy for cell division, growth, repairs and replacement of worn out parts, movements,
   locomotion etc.
3. Various intermediates of Krebs cycle are used as building blocks for synthesis of other complex compounds.
4. Coupled with photosynthesis, it helps to maintain the balance between C0₂ and O₂ in the atmosphere.
5. Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) is used in various industries such as dairies, bakeries, distilleries, leather industries, paper industries etc. It is used in the commercial production of alcohol, organic acids, vitamins, antibiotics etc.

Question 43.
Match the following:

Column I	Column II	Column III
1. Krebs cycle	(a) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate	(p) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
2. Glycolysis	(b) Succinyl CoA → Succinate	(q) NADH dehydrogenase
3. ETS	(c) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA	(r) Two ATP are produced
4. Link reaction	(d) Transfer of electrons from Complex I to Ubiquinone	(s) Succinyl CoA – synthetase

Answer:

Column I	Column II	Column III
1. Krebs cycle	(b) Succinyl CoA → Succinate	(s) Succinyl CoA – synthetase
2. Glycolysis	(a) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate	(r) Two ATP are produced
3. ETS	(d) Transfer of electrons from Complex I to Ubiquinone	(q) NADH dehydrogenase
4. Link reaction	(c) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl CoA	(p) Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 44.
Apply Your Knowledge

Question 1.
While teaching respiration professor said that oxygen is important for respiration in humans, Rakesh kept thinking, where exactly oxygen is required during cellular respiration? What would be the correct explanation for his doubt?
Answer:
Oxygen is very important for life, we humans cannot survive without oxygen. Glycolysis, link reaction and Krebs cycle do not involve oxygen. In cellular reaction, oxygen is required only during ETS where it acts as an electron acceptor hence leading to terminal oxidation where it gets converted into water called metabolic water.

The process of respiration is very fast and occurs continuously as cell require continuous supply of energy to carry out metabolic activities, thus, we require oxygen for cellular respiration even when we are sleeping.

Question 2.
Sonal while studying ETS had a doubt, why FADH2 yields only 2 ATP’s whereas NADH₂ yields three ATP’s? What would be the correct explanation for her doubt?
Answer:

1. During ETS, NADH₂ and FADH₂ undergoes oxidation where they are converted to NAD⁺ and FAD⁺ respectively.
2. During this conversion, hydrogen is removed, which latter forms proton and electron. This electron so formed is passed on to different electron carriers. During this transfer of electron, energy is released which is used in ATP synthesis.
3. In case of NADH₂, energy is released at three places hence results into formation of 3 ATPs whereas, in case of FADH₂ energy is released at only two places, hence results into formation of only 2 ATPs.
4. Here, the ATP formation occurs by Chemiosmotic hypothesis.

Question 45.
Quick Review

Various steps involved in glycolysis:

Step(s)	Substrate	Enzyme	End product(s)
Phosphorylation	Glucose + ATP	Hexokinase	Glucose – 6 – Phosphate + ADP
Isomerisation	Glucose – 6-Phosphate	Phosphohexose isomerase	Fructose – 6 – Phosphate
Phosphorylation	Fructose – 6-Phosphate + ATP (Phosphate donor)	Phosphofructokinase	Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate + ADP
Cleavage	Fructose -1, 6-Diphosphate	Aldolase	3 – Phosphoglyceraldehyde + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Phosphorylation and Dehydrogenation	3-PGAL + H3PO4 + NAD+	Triosephosphate dehydrogenase	1, 3 Diphosphoglyceric acid + NADH + H+
Dephosphorylation	1, 3-DPGA + ADP	Diphosphoglycerate kinase (Mg2)	ATP + 3-Phosphoglyceric acid
Rearrangement	3-PGA	Phosphoglycerate mutase	2-Phosphoglyceric acid
Dehydration	2-PGA	Enolase	Phosphoenol Pyruvic acid + H20
Dephosphorylation	Phosphoenol Pyruvic acid +ADP	Pyruvate kinase	Pyruvic acid + ATP

Various steps involved in Krebs cycle:

Step(s)	Substrate	Enzyme	End product(s)
Condensation	Acetyl-CoA+Oxalo- acetic acid + H20	Citrate synthase	Citric acid (6C) + Coenzyme- A
Dehydration Hydration	It is again completed in two steps: Citric acid Cis-Aconitic acid + H20	Aconitase Aconitase	Cis-Aconitic acid + H20 Iso-citric acid(6C)
Oxidative decarboxylation	a. Isocitric acid + NAD+	Isocitrate dehydrogenase	Oxalo succinic acid(6C) + NADH + H+
	b. Oxalosuccinic acid	Isocitrate dehydrogenase	a – ketoglutaric acid(5C) + CO
Oxidative Decarboxylation. (-2H) (-C02)	a-Ketoglutaric acid + H20 + NAD + Coenzyme A	a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex	Succinyl-CoA(4C) + NADH + H++co2
Substrate level phosphorylation	Succinyl – Co A + GDP + iP	Succinyl CoA synthetase	Succinic acid (4C) + Coenzyme-A + GTP
Dehydrogenation (-2H)	Succinic acid + FAD (H-acceptor)	Succinate dehydrogenase	Fumaric acid (4C) + FADH2
Hydration(+H20)	Fumaric acid + H20	Hydration(+H20)	Fumaric acid + H20
Dehydrogenation (-2H)	Malic acid + NAD+ (H-acceptor)	Dehydrogenation (-2H)	Malic acid + NAD+ (H-acceptor)

Question 46.
Exercise

Question 1.
Define phosphorylation.
Answer:
It is the formation of ATP, by addition inorganic phosphate to ADP.
ADP + Pi → ATP

Question 2.
Mention the different ways of phosphorylation.
Answer:
Phosphorylation occurs in three different ways as – photophosphorylation, substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 3.
Define substrate-level phosphorylation.
Answer:
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a direct phosphorylation of ADP by transfer of a phosphate group from any suitable substrate. It occurs in cytoplasm of the cells and matrix of mitochondria.

Question 4.
What is fermentation?
Answer:
1. Anaerobic respiration is the cellular respiration that does not involve the atmospheric oxygen. It is also called as fermentation.
2. It involves glycolysis where the product of glycolysis i.e. pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or ethanol.

Question 5.
Where does glycolysis occurs?
Answer:
Glycolysis is a process where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid, hence called glycolysis (glucose-breaking). It is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It involves ten steps.
Glycolysis consists of two major phases:
1. Preparatory phase (1-5 steps).
2. Payoff phase (6-10 steps).
1. Preparatory phase:
a. In this phase, glucose is phosphorylated twice by using two ATP molecules and a molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is formed.
b. It is then cleaved into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. These two molecules are 3-carbon carbohydrates (trioses) and are isomers of each other.
c. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate is isomerised to second molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
d. Therefore, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate are formed.
e. Preparatory phase of glycolysis ends.

2. Payoff phase:
a. In this phase, both molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to two molecules of 1,3- bisphoglycerate by oxidation and phosphorylation. Here, the phosphorylation is brought about by inorganic phosphate instead of ATP.
b. Both molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate are converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid through series of reactions accompanied with release of energy. This released energy is used to produce ATP (4 molecules) by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 6.
What is glycolysis? Explain with the help of schematic representation.
Answer:
Glycolysis is a process where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid, hence called glycolysis (glucose-breaking). It is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It involves ten steps.
Glycolysis consists of two major phases:
1. Preparatory phase (1-5 steps).
2. Payoff phase (6-10 steps).
1. Preparatory phase:
a. In this phase, glucose is phosphorylated twice by using two ATP molecules and a molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is formed.
b. It is then cleaved into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. These two molecules are 3-carbon carbohydrates (trioses) and are isomers of each other.
c. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate is isomerised to second molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
d. Therefore, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate are formed.
e. Preparatory phase of glycolysis ends.

2. Payoff phase:
a. In this phase, both molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to two molecules of 1,3- bisphoglycerate by oxidation and phosphorylation. Here, the phosphorylation is brought about by inorganic phosphate instead of ATP.
b. Both molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate are converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid through series of reactions accompanied with release of energy. This released energy is used to produce ATP (4 molecules) by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 7.
Define fermentation. What are the different types of fermentation?
Answer:
1. Anaerobic respiration is the cellular respiration that does not involve the atmospheric oxygen. It is also called as fermentation.
2. It involves glycolysis where the product of glycolysis i.e. pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or ethanol.
It is a process of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvic acid undergoes reduction by addition of one proton and two electrons donated by NADH+H⁺ to form lactic acid as the product and NAD⁺ as the byproduct of oxidation. Skeletal muscles usually derive energy by this process.
Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is then reduced by NADH+H⁺ to ethanol and Carbon dioxide. Since ethanol is produced during the process, it is termed alcoholic fermentation.

Question 8.
Name the products of lactic acid fermentation.
Answer:
It is a process of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvic acid undergoes reduction by addition of one proton and two electrons donated by NADH+H⁺ to form lactic acid as the product and NAD⁺ as the byproduct of oxidation. Skeletal muscles usually derive energy by this process.

Question 9.
Write the chemical reaction of lactic acid fermentation.
Answer:
It is a process of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvic acid undergoes reduction by addition of one proton and two electrons donated by NADH+H⁺ to form lactic acid as the product and NAD⁺ as the byproduct of oxidation. Skeletal muscles usually derive energy by this process.

Question 10.
Explain alcoholic fermentation.
Answer:
Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is then reduced by NADH+H⁺ to ethanol and Carbon dioxide. Since ethanol is produced during the process, it is termed alcoholic fermentation.

Question 11.
Less energy is produced during anaerobic respiration that in aerobic respiration. Justify.
Answer:
Anaerobic respiration produces less energy because:

1. Incomplete breakdown of respiratory substrate takes place.
2. Some of the products of anaerobic respiration can be oxidised further to release energy which shows that anaerobic respiration does not liberate the whole energy contained in the respiratory substrate.
3. NADH₂ does not produce ATP, as electron transport is absent.
4. Only 2 ATP molecules are generated from one molecule of glucose during anaerobic respiration.

Question 12.
Enlist steps involved in aerobic respiration.
Answer:
It involves glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation (connecting link reaction), Krebs cycle, electron transfer chain reaction and terminal oxidation.

Question 13.
Write the reaction of connecting link between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.
Answer:
This reaction is called as ‘connecting link’ reaction between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

Question 14.
How glycolysis is regulated?
Answer:
Glycolysis is strongly regulated by the complex interplay between ATP consumption, NADH₂ regeneration and regulation of various glycolytic enzymes like hexokinase, PFK-1, pyruvate kinase, etc. Besides, it is also controlled by hormones like glucagon, epinephrine and insulin.

Question 15.
Write the significance of ETS.
Answer:
Significance of ETS:

1. Major amount of energy is generated through ETS or terminal oxidation in the form of ATP molecules.
2. Per glucose molecule 38 ATP molecules are formed, out of which 34 ATP molecules are produced through ETS.
3. Oxidized coenzymes such as NAD and FAD are regenerated from their reduced forms (NADH+H⁺ and FADH₂) for recycling.
4. In this process, energy is released in a controlled and stepwise manner to prevent any damage to the cell.
5. ETS produces water molecules.

Question 16.
Give the schematic representation of glycolysis.
Answer:
Glycolysis is a process where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid, hence called glycolysis (glucose-breaking). It is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It involves ten steps.
Glycolysis consists of two major phases:
1. Preparatory phase (1-5 steps).
2. Payoff phase (6-10 steps).
1. Preparatory phase:
a. In this phase, glucose is phosphorylated twice by using two ATP molecules and a molecule of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is formed.
b. It is then cleaved into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. These two molecules are 3-carbon carbohydrates (trioses) and are isomers of each other.
c. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate is isomerised to second molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
d. Therefore, two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate are formed.
e. Preparatory phase of glycolysis ends.

2. Payoff phase:
a. In this phase, both molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are converted to two molecules of 1,3- bisphoglycerate by oxidation and phosphorylation. Here, the phosphorylation is brought about by inorganic phosphate instead of ATP.
b. Both molecules of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate are converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid through series of reactions accompanied with release of energy. This released energy is used to produce ATP (4 molecules) by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 17.
Describe the formation of Acetyl Co-A in respiration.
Answer:

1. The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA is an oxidative decarboxylation reaction.
2. It is catalyzed by a multienzyme complex-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). This enzyme is present in mitochondria of eukaryotes and cytosol of prokaryotes.
3. This reaction is called as ‘connecting link’ reaction between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

Question 18.
Give the schematic representation of the overall view of Krebs cycle.
Answer:

1. Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle is the second phase of aerobic respiration which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
2. The acetyl CoA formed during the link reaction undergoes aerobic oxidation.
3. This cycle serves a common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
4. In mitochondria pyruvic acid is decarboxylated and the remaining 2-carbon fragment is combined with a molecule of coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA.
5. This reaction is an oxidative decarboxylation process and produces H⁺ ions and electrons along with carbon dioxide. During the process NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH+H⁺.
6. P-oxidation of fatty acids also produces acetyl-CoA as the end product.
7. Acetyl-CoA from both sources is condensed with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. Citric acid is oxidized step-wise by mitochondrial enzymes, releasing carbon dioxide.
8. Regeneration of oxaloacetic acid occurs to complete the cycle.
9. There are four steps of oxidation in this cycle, catalyzed by dehydrogenases (oxidoreductases) using NAD⁺ or FAD⁺ as the coenzyme.
10. The coenzymes are consequently reduced to NADH+H⁺ and FADH₂ respectively. These transfer their electrons to the mitochondrial respiratory chain to get reoxidised.
11. One molecule of GTP (ATP) is also generated for every molecule of citric acid oxidized.

Question 19.
Explain why the respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway?
Answer:

1. Respiration is considered as a catabolic process; however, it is not entirely correct in case of Krebs cycle.
2. Many reactions of Krebs cycle involve oxidation of acetyl CoA to release energy and C0₂.
3. However, the breakdown of respiratory substrates provides intermediates like a-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate are used as precursors for synthesis of fatty acids, glutamic acid and aspartic acid respectively.
4. Thus, as the same respiratory process acts as catabolic as well as anabolic pathway for synthesis of various intermediate metabolic products, it is called amphibolic pathway.

Question 20.
Write a detailed note on the connecting link between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.
Answer:

1. The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA is an oxidative decarboxylation reaction.
2. It is catalyzed by a multienzyme complex-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). This enzyme is present in mitochondria of eukaryotes and cytosol of prokaryotes.
3. This reaction is called as ‘connecting link’ reaction between glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

Question 21.
Give the diagrammatic representation of ETS.
Answer:

1. NADH₂ and FADH₂ produced during glycolysis, connecting link reaction and Krebs cycle are oxidized with the help of various electron carriers and enzymes.
2. These carriers and enzymes are arranged on inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of various complexes as complex I, II, III, VI and V.
3. NADH+H⁺ is oxidised by NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) and it’s electrons are transferred to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q-CoQ) present on inner membrane of mitochondria. Reduced ubiquinone is called as ubiqunol.
4. FADH₂ is oxidised by complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase) and these electrons are also transferred to CoQ.
5. During oxidation of NADH⁺H⁺ and FADH₂, electrons and protons are released but only electrons are canned forward whereas protons are released into outer chamber of mitochondria (intermembrane space).
6. Ubiquinol is oxidised by complex-III (Cytochrome bcl complex) and it’s electrons are transferred to cytochrome C.
7. Cytochrome C is a small, iron-containing protein, loosely associated with inner membrane. It acts as a mobile electron carrier, transferring the electrons between complex III and IV.
8. Cytochrome C is oxidised by complex IV or cytochrome C oxidase consisting of cytochrome a and a₃. Electrons are transferred by this complex to the molecular oxygen. This is terminal oxidation.
9. Reduced molecular oxygen reacts with protons to form water molecule called as metabolic water.
10. Protons necessary for this are channelled from outer chamber of mitochondria into inner chamber by F₀ part of oxysome (complex V) present in inner mitochondrial membrane.
11. This proton channelling by F₀ is coupled to catalytic site of F₁ which catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This is oxidative phosphorylation.
12. As transfer of protons is accompanied with synthesis of ATP, this process is named as ‘Chemiosmosis’ by Peter Mitchell.

Question 22.
Explain the process of terminal oxidation. Give its significance (any two points).
Answer:

1. NADH₂ and FADH₂ produced during glycolysis, connecting link reaction and Krebs cycle are oxidized with the help of various electron carriers and enzymes.
2. These carriers and enzymes are arranged on inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of various complexes as complex I, II, III, VI and V.
3. NADH+H⁺ is oxidised by NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) and it’s electrons are transferred to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q-CoQ) present on inner membrane of mitochondria. Reduced ubiquinone is called as ubiqunol.
4. FADH₂ is oxidised by complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase) and these electrons are also transferred to CoQ.
5. During oxidation of NADH⁺H⁺ and FADH₂, electrons and protons are released but only electrons are canned forward whereas protons are released into outer chamber of mitochondria (intermembrane space).
6. Ubiquinol is oxidised by complex-III (Cytochrome bcl complex) and it’s electrons are transferred to cytochrome C.
7. Cytochrome C is a small, iron-containing protein, loosely associated with inner membrane. It acts as a mobile electron carrier, transferring the electrons between complex III and IV.
8. Cytochrome C is oxidised by complex IV or cytochrome C oxidase consisting of cytochrome a and a₃. Electrons are transferred by this complex to the molecular oxygen. This is terminal oxidation.
9. Reduced molecular oxygen reacts with protons to form water molecule called as metabolic water.
10. Protons necessary for this are channelled from outer chamber of mitochondria into inner chamber by F₀ part of oxysome (complex V) present in inner mitochondrial membrane.
11. This proton channelling by F₀ is coupled to catalytic site of F₁ which catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This is oxidative phosphorylation.
12. As transfer of protons is accompanied with synthesis of ATP, this process is named as ‘Chemiosmosis’ by Peter Mitchell.

Question 23.
1. Enlist the main steps involved in aerobic respiration and their place of occurrence.
2. Differentiate between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Answer:
1. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.
2. It is catalyzed by a multienzyme complex-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). This enzyme is present in mitochondria of eukaryotes and cytosol of prokaryotes.,
3. Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle is the second phase of aerobic respiration which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. and These carriers and enzymes are arranged on inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of various complexes as complex I, II, III, VI and V.

Question 24.
1. Give the schematic representation of ETS.
2. Differentiate between respiration and combustion.
Answer:

1. NADH₂ and FADH₂ produced during glycolysis, connecting link reaction and Krebs cycle are oxidized with the help of various electron carriers and enzymes.
2. These carriers and enzymes are arranged on inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of various complexes as complex I, II, III, VI and V.
3. NADH+H⁺ is oxidised by NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) and it’s electrons are transferred to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q-CoQ) present on inner membrane of mitochondria. Reduced ubiquinone is called as ubiqunol.
4. FADH₂ is oxidised by complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase) and these electrons are also transferred to CoQ.
5. During oxidation of NADH⁺H⁺ and FADH₂, electrons and protons are released but only electrons are canned forward whereas protons are released into outer chamber of mitochondria (intermembrane space).
6. Ubiquinol is oxidised by complex-III (Cytochrome bcl complex) and it’s electrons are transferred to cytochrome C.
7. Cytochrome C is a small, iron-containing protein, loosely associated with inner membrane. It acts as a mobile electron carrier, transferring the electrons between complex III and IV.
8. Cytochrome C is oxidised by complex IV or cytochrome C oxidase consisting of cytochrome a and a₃. Electrons are transferred by this complex to the molecular oxygen. This is terminal oxidation.
9. Reduced molecular oxygen reacts with protons to form water molecule called as metabolic water.
10. Protons necessary for this are channelled from outer chamber of mitochondria into inner chamber by F₀ part of oxysome (complex V) present in inner mitochondrial membrane.
11. This proton channelling by F₀ is coupled to catalytic site of F₁ which catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This is oxidative phosphorylation.
12. As transfer of protons is accompanied with synthesis of ATP, this process is named as ‘Chemiosmosis’ by Peter Mitchell.

Question 25.
Enlist the different respiratory substrate.
Answer:
Respiratory substrates are the molecules that are oxidized during respiration to release energy which can be used for ATP synthesis. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are the common respiratory substrate. Glucose is the most common respiratory substrate.

Question 26.
Define R.Q. What is its value for fats?
Answer:
1. Respiratory quotient (R.Q.) or respiratory ratio is the ratio of volume of CO₂ released to the volume of O₂ consumed in respiration.
2. R.Q. = Volume of CO₂ released/Volume of O₂ consumed

Question 27.
Write the significance of respiration.
Answer:

1. Respiration provides energy for biosynthesis of biomolecules.
2. It is also a source of energy for cell division, growth, repairs and replacement of worn out parts, movements,
   locomotion etc.
3. Various intermediates of Krebs cycle are used as building blocks for synthesis of other complex compounds.
4. Coupled with photosynthesis, it helps to maintain the balance between C0₂ and O₂ in the atmosphere.
5. Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) is used in various industries such as dairies, bakeries, distilleries, leather industries, paper industries etc. It is used in the commercial production of alcohol, organic acids, vitamins, antibiotics etc.

Question 47.
Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Respiration is regarded as a ________ process.
(A) catabolic
(B) anabolic
(C) reduction
(D) synthetic
Answer:
(A) catabolic

Question 2.
Anaerobic respiration is also called as ________ .
(A) Glycolysis
(B) fermentation
(C) phosphoryaltion
(D) decarboxylation
Answer:
(B) fermentation

Question 3.
The first compound formed in glycolysis is
(A) Glucose-6-phosphate
(B) Glucose-1,6-biphosphate
(C) Fructose-6-phosphate
(D) Pyruvic acid
Answer:
(A) Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 4.
Which of the following compounds in last step of glycolysis gives pyruvic acid?
(A) 3 – phosphoglyceraldehyde
(B) dihydroxy acetone phosphate
(C) phosphoenolpyruvate
(D) 2-phosphoglycerate
Answer:
(C) phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 5.
In glycolysis, dehydration occurs during formation of
(A) 3 – phosphoglyceraldehyde
(B) 2 – phosphoglycerate
(C) phosphoenolpyruvate
(D) dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Answer:
(B) 2 – phosphoglycerate

Question 6.
In which of the following steps dehydrogenation occurs?
(A) Glucose → Glucose 6-phosphate
(B) 3-phophoglcerate → 2-phophoglccratc
(C) phosphoenolpyruvate → pyruvate
(D) 3 – phosphoglyceraldehyde → 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
Answer:
(D) 3 – phosphoglyceraldehyde → 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate

Question 7.
The compound common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration is
(A) C0₂
(B) pyruvic acid
(C) acetyl CoA
(D) free oxygen
Answer:
(B) pyruvic acid

Question 8.
Which compound is found both in respiration and photosynthesis?
(A) Phosphoglycerate
(B) Phosphoglyceraldehyde
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Succinic acid
Answer:
(C) Both (A) and (B)

Question 9.
Which type of respiration does not release C0₂?
(A) Aerobic respiration
(B) Alcoholic fermentation
(C) Lactic acid fermentation
(D) Krebs cycle
Answer:
(C) Lactic acid fermentation

Question 10.
What is the overall goal of glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport system?
(A) Synthesis of ATP in fermentation reaction
(B) Carbohydrates
(C) Nucleic acids
(D) ATP in small stepwise units
Answer:
(D) ATP in small stepwise units

Question 11.
The intermediate between glycolysis and TCA cycle is:
(A) Lactic acid
(B) Acetaldehyde
(C) Fructose-6-phosphate
(D) Acetyl Co-A
Answer:
(D) Acetyl Co-A

Question 12.
During alcoholic fermentation, decarboxylation of pyruvate gives
(A) acetaldehyde
(B) lactic acid
(C) ethyl alcohol
(D) methyl alcohol
Answer:
(A) acetaldehyde

Question 13.
Where the link reaction occurs in prokaryotes?
(A) cytoplasm
(B) mitochondrial matrix
(C) cell membrane
(D) mitochondrial membrane
Answer:
(A) cytoplasm

Question 14.
In Krebs cycle, dehydration of substrate occurs
(A) once
(B) twice
(C) thrice
(D) four times
Answer:
(A) once

Question 15.
Which of the following steps generate ATP without ETS?
(A) Pyruvic acid → Acetyl Co-A
(B) ∝-ketoglutarate → Succinic acid
(C) Iso-citric acid → Oxalosuccinic acid
(D) Succinyl Co-A → Succinic acid
Answer:
(D) Succinyl Co-A → Succinic acid

Question 16.
In Krebs cycle, the acid which undergoes oxidative decarboxylation is
(A) citric acid
(B) succinic acid
(C) malic acid
(D) ∝-ketoglutaric acid
Answer:
(D) ∝-ketoglutaric acid

Question 17.
During Krebs cycle, fumaric acid gets converted into malic acid by
(A) decarboxylation
(B) dehydrogenation
(C) dehydration
(D) hydration
Answer:
(D) hydration

Question 18.
Krebs cycle is also called TCA cycle because
(A) the first compound formed is citric acid.
(B) it was discovered by Sir Hans Krebs.
(C) organic acids formed have 3 carboxylic acid groups.
(D) acetyl Co-A is formed
Answer:
(C) organic acids formed have 3 carboxylic acid groups.

Question 19.
Which of the following compound is the acceptor of Acetyl Co-A in Krebs cycle?
(A) Oxaloacetic acid
(B) Fumaric acid
(C) Malic acid
(D) Oxalo succinic acid
Answer:
(A) Oxaloacetic acid

Question 20.
Which of the following compounds is formed in Krebs cycle from fumaric acid?
(A) Oxalo acetic acid
(B) Malic acid
(C) ∝-KGA
(D) Citric acid
Answer:
(B) Malic acid

Question 21.
Which of the following step of aerobic respiration would be omitted when fatty acids are used as respiratory substrate?
(A) Glycolysis
(B) Krebs cycle
(C) Electron transfer chain reaction
(D) Terminal oxidation.
Answer:
(A) Glycolysis

Question 22.
During Krebs cycle, decarboxylation occurs _______ time/s.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Answer:
(B) 2

Question 23.
The conversion of malic acid to oxalo acetic acid is catalyzed by
(A) malate reductase
(B) malate thiokinase
(C) fumarase
(D) malate dehydrogenase
Answer:
(D) malate dehydrogenase

Question 24.
Electron carriers of oxidative phosphorylation are present on
(A) outer membrane of mitochondria.
(B) inner membrane of mitochondria.
(C) thylakoid membrane of chloroplast.
(D) matrix of mitochondria.
Answer:
(B) inner membrane of mitochondria.

Question 25.
Which of the following derives maximum energy per molecule of glucose?
(A) Alcoholic fermentation.
(B) Lactic acid fermentation.
(C) Aerobic respiration in unicellular organisms.
(D) Glycolysis in liver cells.
Answer:
(C) Aerobic respiration in unicellular organisms.

Question 26.
The cytochrome which donates de-energised electron to oxygen is
(A) cytochrome-a
(B) cytochrome-b
(C) cytochrome-a₃
(D) cytochrome-c
Answer:
(C) cytochrome-a₃

Question 27.
In terminal oxidation FADH₂ is oxidized by
(A) complex I
(B) complex II
(C) complex III
(D) complex IV
Answer:
(B) complex II

Question 28.
The net gain of energy from a molecule of glucose in the aerobic respiration is
(A) 38
(B) 35
(C) 70
(D) 76
Answer:
(A) 38

Question 29.
Each molecule of NADH₂ through ETS yields
(A) 1 ATP
(B) 2 ATPs
(C) 3 ATPs
(D) 4 ATPs
Answer:
(C) 3 ATPs

Question 30.
One glucose molecule, through ETS yields
(A) 2 ATP molecules
(B) 3 ATP molecules
(C) 34 ATP molecules
(D) 38 ATP molecules
Answer:
(C) 34 ATP molecules

Question 31.
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gain during glycolysis, connecting link and Krebs cycle respectively are _______ .
(A) 8, 6,24
(B) 8,24, 6
(C) 24, 8, 6
(D) 6, 8, 24
Answer:
(A) 8, 6,24

Question 32.
The respiratory quotient (R.Q.) of carbohydrate is ________ .
(A) 0.7
(B) 1
(C) 0.9
(D) 0.1
Answer:
(B) 1

Question 33.
R. Q. for proteins is about _______ .
(A) 0.7
(B) 0.8
(C) 0.9
(D) 1.0
Answer:
(C) 0.9

Question 48.
Competitive Corner:

Question 1.
Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is INCORRECT?
(A) Inner membrane is convoluted with infoldings.
(B) Mitochondrial matrix contains single circular DNA molecule and ribosomes.
(C) Outer membrane is permeable to monomers of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
(D) Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane.
Hint: Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in inner membrane.
Answer:
(D) Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane.

Question 2.
Where is the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) located in plants?
(A) Intermembrane space
(B) Mitochondrial matrix
(C) Outer mitochondrial membrane
(D) Inner mitochondrial membrane
Answer:
(D) Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 3.
In case of anaerobic respiration, the R.Q is _____ .
(A) always less than one
(B) always more than one
(C) always infinity
(D) Variable on the basis of substrate.
Answer:
(C) always infinity

Question 4.
The net gain of ATP molecules during aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule is _______ .
(A) 40
(B) 38
(C) 36
(D) 30
Answer:
(B) 38

Question 5.
During glycolysis the compounds PGAL and DHAP are formed from fructose 1,6- diphosphate by _______ .
(A) cleavage
(B) isomerisation
(C) phosphorylation
(D) condensation
Answer:
(A) cleavage

Question 6.
Number of oxygen molecules utilized in glycolysis is ________ .
(A) 0
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 6
Answer:
(A) 0

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 4 Cyber Law Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

1. Fill in the Blanks.

Question 1.
__________ is the area of law that deals with the Internet’s relationship to technological and electronic elements.
Answer:
Cyberlaw

Question 2.
__________ is the part of the overall legal system that deals with the Internet, cyberspace, and their respective legal issues.
Answer:
Cyberlaw

Question 3.
__________ covers a fairly broad area, encompassing several subtopics including freedom of expression, access to and usage of the Internet, and online privacy.
Answer:
Cyberlaw

Question 4.
The attempts to change outdated laws and provides ways to deal with cybercrimes.
Answer:
Information Technology Act 2000

Question 5.
The Act offers the much-needed legal framework so that information is not denied.
Answer:
Information Technology

Question 6.
The Act has also proposed a legal framework for the authentication and origin of an electronic records.
Answer:
Information Technology

Question 7.
__________ is also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong.
Answer:
Ethics

Question 8.
__________ is the standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong behaviour.
Answer:
Morals

Question 9.
Thus __________ are dictated by society, culture or religion.
Answer:
Morals

Question 10.
Computer Crime is alternatively referred to as __________
Answer:
Cybercrime

Question 11.
Computer crime is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a __________
Answer:
Hacker

Question 12.
A __________ who illegally browses or steals a company’s or individual’s private information.
Answer:
Hacker

Question 13.
__________ can involve criminal activities that are traditional in nature, such as theft, fraud, forgery, defamation and mischief.
Answer:
Cybercrimes

Question 14.
__________ is nothing but copyright violation of software created originally by an individual or an institution.
Answer:
Software piracy

Question 15.
__________ includes stealing of codes/programs and other information illegally and creating the imitated copy by unauthorized means.
Answer:
Software piracy

Question 16.
Gaining access without the users’ permission is known as __________
Answer:
Unauthorized Access

Question 17.
__________ means granting access rights to resources.
Answer:
Authorization

Question 18.
A __________ is a legal right that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work.
Answer:
Copyright

Question 19.
__________ owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive the royalty payment for that reproduction.
Answer:
Copyright

Question 20.
Activity such as decipher codes or passwords and breaking security systems for illegal reasons is called __________
Answer:
Cracking

Question 21.
The cracker will use a program or script known as a __________
Answer:
Crack

Question 22.
__________ is a criminal practice where an individual uses the Internet to systematically harass or threaten someone.
Answer:
Cyberstalking

Question 23.
__________ is a technique of extracting confidential information such as credit card numbers and username password combos by pretending as a legal enterprise.
Answer:
Phishing

Question 24.
__________ is typically carried out by email spoofing.
Answer:
Phishing

Question 25.
__________ is presenting someone else’s work or idea as your own without their consent.
Answer:
Plagarism

Question 26.
__________ refers to unauthorised intrusion into a computer or a network.
Answer:
Hacking

Question 27.
__________ is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer operating system and programming language.
Answer:
Hacker

Question 28.
__________ is a method of converting the original message into random text.
Answer:
Encryption

Question 29.
Full form of SSL is __________
Answer:
Secure Socket Layer

Question 30.
Through the __________, transmission of data is encrypted.
Answer:
Secure Socket Layer

Question 31.
__________ refers to a network security (Hardware and Software) system which blocks certain types of information.
Answer:
Firewall

Question 32.
__________ is an Act to provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication.
Answer:
Information Technology Act, 2000

Question 33.
__________ aims to provide the legal infrastructure for E-Commerce in India.
Answer:
Information Technology Act, 2000

Question 34.
The __________ have a major impact on E-Businesses and the new economy in India.
Answer:
Cyber laws

Question 35.
The __________ also aims to provide for the legal framework.
Answer:
Information Technology Act, 2000

Question 36.
__________ has been replaced with the electronic signature to make it a more technology-neutral act.
Answer:
Digital Signature

2. True or False.

Question 1.
Criminal Law is the area of law that deals with the Internet’s relationship to technological and electronic elements.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Cyberlaw is the part of the overall legal system that deals with the Internet, cyberspace, and their respective legal issues.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cyberlaw covers a fairly broad area, encompassing several subtopics including freedom of expression, access to and usage of the Internet, and online privacy.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The Information Technology Act 2000 attempts to change outdated laws and provides ways to deal with cybercrimes.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The Information Technology Act offers the much-needed legal framework so that information is not denied.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
The Computer Act has also proposed a legal framework for the authentication and origin of an electronic records.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Morals are also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
Ethics is the standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong behaviour.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
Thus Morals are dictated by society, culture, or religion.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
Computer Crime is alternatively referred to as Hacker.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
Computer crime is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a Hacker.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
A Cybercrime who illegally browses or steals a company’s or individual’s private information.
Answer:
False

Question 13.
Cybercrimes can involve criminal activities that are traditional in nature, such as theft, fraud, forgery, defamation, and mischief.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
Software piracy is nothing but copyright violation of software created originally by an individual or an institution.
Answer:
True

Question 15.
Unauthorized access includes stealing of codes/programs and other information illegally and creating the imitated copy by unauthorized means.
Answer:
False

Question 16.
Gaining access without the user’s permission is known as Software piracy.
Answer:
False

Question 17.
Authorization means granting access rights to resources.
Answer:
True

Question 18.
Cracking is a legal right that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work.
Answer:
False

Question 19.
Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive the royalty payment for that reproduction.
Answer:
True

Question 20.
Activity such as decipher codes or passwords and breaking security systems for illegal reasons is called copyright.
Answer:
False

Question 21.
The cracker will use a program or script known as a Crack.
Answer:
True

Question 22.
Cyberstalking is a criminal practice where an individual uses the Internet to systematically harass or threaten someone.
Answer:
True

Question 23.
Phishing is a technique of extracting confidential information such as credit card numbers and username password combos by pretending as a legal enterprise.
Answer:
True

Question 24.
Phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing.
Answer:
True

Question 25.
Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work or idea as your own without their consent.
Answer:
True

Question 26.
Hacking refers to unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network.
Answer:
True

Question 27.
Hacker is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer operating system and programming language.
Answer:
True

Question 28.
Encryption is a method of converting the original message into random text.
Answer:
True

Question 29.
The full form of SSL is Secure Socket Layer.
Answer:
True

Question 30.
Through the Encryption transmission of data is encrypted.
Answer:
False

Question 31.
Encryption refers to a network security (Hardware and Software) system which blocks certain types of information.
Answer:
False

Question 32.
A digital signature is an Act to provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication.
Answer:
False

Question 33.
Information Technology Act, 2000 aims to provide the legal infrastructure for E-Commerce in India.
Answer:
True

Question 34.
Cyber laws have a major impact on E-Businesses and the new economy in India.
Answer:
True

Question 35.
The Information Technology Act, 2000 also aims to provide for the legal framework.
Answer:
True

Question 36.
Cyber laws have been replaced with electronic signatures to make it a more technology-neutral act.
Answer:
False

3. Multiple Choice Question (Single Choice)

Question 1.
__________ is the area of law that deals with the Internet’s relationship to technological and electronic elements.
(A) Cyberlaw
(B) Criminal Law
(C) Business Law
(D) Internet Law
Answer:
(A) Cyberlaw

Question 2.
__________ is the part of the overall legal system that deals with the Internet, cyberspace, and their respective legal issues.
(A) Cyberlaw
(B) Criminal Law
(C) Business Law
(D) Internet Law
Answer:
(A) Cyberlaw

Question 3.
__________ covers a fairly broad area, encompassing several subtopics including freedom of expression, access to and usage of the Internet, and online privacy.
(A) Cyberlaw
(B) Criminal Law
(C) Business Law
(D) Internet Law
Answer:
(A) Cyberlaw

Question 4.
The __________ attempts to change outdated laws and provides ways to deal with cybercrimes.
(A) Information Technology Act 2000
(B) Cyber Rule
(C) Computer Act
(D) Legal Act
Answer:
(A) Information Technology Act 2000

Question 5.
The __________ Act offers the much-needed legal framework so that information is not denied.
(A) Cyber Rule
(B) Information Technology
(C) Computer Act
(D) Legal Act
Answer:
(B) Information Technology

Question 6.
The __________ Act has also proposed a legal framework for the authentication and origin of an electronic records.
(A) Cyber Rule
(B) Information Technology
(C) Computer Act
(D) Legal Act
Answer:
(B) Information Technology

Question 7.
__________ is also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong.
(A) Ethics
(B) Morals
(C) Society
(D) Culture
Answer:
(A) Ethics

Question 8.
__________ is the standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong behaviour.
(A) Ethics
(B) Morals
(C) Society
(D) Culture
Answer:
(B) Morals

Question 9.
Thus __________ are dictated by society, culture or religion.
(A) Ethics
(B) Morals
(C) Society
(D) Culture
Answer:
(B) Morals

Question 10.
Computer Crime is alternatively referred to as __________
(A) Cybercrime
(B) Hacker
(C) Computer crime
(D) Illegal Act
Answer:
(A) Cybercrime

Question 11.
Computer crime is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a __________
(A) Cybercrime
(B) Hacker
(C) Computer crime
(D) Illegal Act
Answer:
(B) Hacker

Question 12.
A __________ who illegally browses or steals a company’s or individual’s private information.
(A) Cybercrime
(B) Hacker
(C) Computer crime
(D) Illegal Act
Answer:
(B) Hacker

Question 13.
__________ can involve criminal activities that are traditional in nature, such as theft, fraud, forgery, defamation, and mischief.
(A) Cybercrimes
(B) Hacker
(C) Computer crime
(D) Illegal Act
Answer:
(A) Cybercrimes

Question 14.
__________ is nothing but copyright violation of software created originally by an individual or an institution.
(A) Software piracy
(B) Unauthorized access
(C) Authorization
(D) Copyright
Answer:
(A) Software piracy

Question 15.
__________ includes stealing of codes/programs and other information illegally and creating the imitated copy by unauthorized means.
(A) Software piracy
(B) Unauthorized access
(C) Authorization
(D) Copyright
Answer:
(A) Software piracy

Question 16.
Gaining access without the users’ permission is known as __________
(A) Software piracy
(B) Unauthorized access
(C) Authorization
(D) Copyright
Answer:
(B) Unauthorized access

Question 17.
__________ means granting access rights to resources.
(A) Software piracy
(B) Unauthorized access
(C) Authorization
(D) Copyright
Answer:
(C) Authorization

Question 18.
A __________ is a legal right that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work.
(A) Software piracy
(B) Unauthorized access
(C) Authorization
(D) Copyright
Answer:
(D) Copyright

Question 19.
__________ owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive the royalty payment for that reproduction.
(A) Software piracy
(B) Unauthorized access
(C) Authorization
(D) Copyright
Answer:
(D) Copyright

Question 20.
Activity such as decipher codes or passwords and breaking security systems for illegal reasons is called __________
(A) Cracking
(B) Crack
(C) Cyberstalking
(D) Phishing
Answer:
(A) Cracking

Question 21.
The cracker will use a program or script known as a __________
(A) Cracking
(B) Crack
(C) Cyberstalking
(D) Phishing
Answer:
(B) Crack

Question 22.
__________ is a criminal practice where an individual uses the Internet to systematically harass or threaten someone.
(A) Cracking
(B) Crack
(C) Cyberstalking
(D) Phishing
Answer:
(C) Cyberstalking

Question 23.
__________ is a technique of extracting confidential information such as credit card numbers and username password combos by pretending as a legal enterprise.
(A) Cracking
(B) Crack
(C) Cyberstalking
(D) Phishing
Answer:
(D) Phishing

Question 24.
__________ is typically carried out by email spoofing.
(A) Cracking
(B) Crack
(C) Cyberstalking
(D) Phishing
Answer:
(D) Phishing

Question 25.
__________ is presenting someone else’s work or idea as your own without their consent.
(A) Plagiarism
(B) Hacking
(C) Hacker
(D) A. Cracking
Answer:
(A) Plagarism

Question 26.
__________ refers to unauthorised intrusion into a computer or a network.
(A) Plagiarism
(B) Hacking
(C) Hacker
(D) Cracking
Answer:
(B) Hacking

Question 27.
__________ is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer operating system and programming language.
(A) Plagiarism
(B) Hacking
(C) Hacker
(D) Cracking
Answer:
(C) Hacker

Question 28.
__________ is a method of converting the original message into random text.
(A) Encryption
(B) Secure Socket Layer
(C) Firewall
(D) Hardware
Answer:
(A) Encryption

Question 29.
Full form of SSL is __________
(A) Secure Socket Layer
(B) Secure Switch Layer
(C) Secure Session Lesson
(D) System Secure Layer
Answer:
(A) Secure Socket Layer

Question 30.
Through the __________, transmission of data is encrypted.
(A) Secure Socket Layer
(B) Secure Switch Layer
(C) Secure Session Lesson
(D) System Secure Layer
Answer:
(A) Secure Socket Layer

Question 31.
__________ refers to a network security (Hardware and Software) system which blocks certain types of information.
(A) Encryption
(B) Secure Socket Layer
(C) Firewall
(D) Hardware
Answer:
(C) Firewall

Question 32.
__________ is an Act to provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication.
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000
(B) Cyber laws
(C) Digital Signature
(D) Digital Certificate
Answer:
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000

Question 33.
__________ aims to provide the legal infrastructure for e-commerce in India.
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000
(B) Cyber laws
(C) Digital signature
(D) Digital Certificate
Answer:
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000

Question 34.
The __________ have a major impact on E-Businesses and the new economy in India.
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000
(B) Cyber Laws
(C) Digital signature
(D) Digital Certificate
Answer:
(B) Cyber Laws

Question 35.
The also aims to provide for the legal framework.
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000
(B) Cyber Laws
(C) Digital signature
(D) Digital Certificate
Answer:
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000

Question 36.
__________ has been replaced with the electronic signature to make it a more technology-neutral act.
(A) Information Technology Act, 2000
(B) Cyber laws
(C) Digital Signature
(D) Digital Certificate
Answer:
(C) Digital Signature

4. Multiple Choice Two Correct Answers.

Question 1.
The Information Technology Act 2000 attempts to change outdated __________ and provides ways to deal with __________
(A) Authentication
(B) Laws
(C) Electronic record
(D) Cybercrimes
(E) Morals
Answer:
(B) Laws, (D) Cybercrimes

Question 2.
The Information Technology Act has also proposed a legal framework for the __________ and origin of __________
(A) Authentication
(B) Laws
(C) Electronic record
(D) Cybercrimes
(E) Morals
Answer:
(A) Authentication, (C) Electronic record

Question 3.
Thus __________ are dictated by society, culture or religion while __________ are chosen by the person himself which governs his life.
(A) Authentication
(B) Laws
(C) Electronic record
(D) Morals
(E) Ethics
Answer:
(D) Morals, (E) Ethics

Question 4.
Hacker is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer __________ and __________
(A) Operating System
(B) Programming Language
(C) Individual
(D) Institution
(E) Passwords
Answer:
(A) Operating System, (B) Programming Language

Question 5.
Software piracy is nothing but copyright violation of software created originally by an __________ or an __________
(A) Operating system
(B) Programming language
(C) Individual
(D) Institution
(E) Passwords
Answer:
(C) Individual, (D) Institution

Question 6.
Activity such as __________ or __________ and breaking security systems for illegal reasons is called cracking.
(A) Operating system
(B) Programming language
(C) Individual
(D) Decipher Codes
(E) Passwords
Answer:
(D) Decipher Codes, (E) Passwords

Question 7.
Phishing is a technique of extracting confidential information such as __________ and __________ combos by pretending as a legal enterprise.
(A) Computer
(B) Credit Card Numbers
(C) Network
(D) Username Password
(E) Programming Language
Answer:
(B) Credit Card Numbers, (D) Username Password

Question 8.
Hacking refers to unauthorised intrusion into a __________ or a __________
(A) Computer
(B) Credit Card Numbers
(C) Network
(D) Username Password
(E) Programming Language
Answer:
(A) Computer, (C) Network

Question 9.
Hacker is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer __________ and __________
(A) Operating system
(B) Programming language
(C) Individual
(D) Decipher Codes
(E) Passwords
Answer:
(A) Operating system, (B) Programming language

Question 10.
Encryption is a method of converting the __________ message into __________ text.
(A) Original
(B) Random
(C) Hardware
(D) Software
(E) Electronic communication
Answer:
(A) Original, (B) Random

Question 11.
Firewall refers to network security __________ and __________ system which blocks certain type of information.
(A) Original
(B) Random
(C) Hardware
(D) Software
(E) Electronic communication
Answer:
(C) Hardware, (D) Software

Question 12.
Information Technology Act, 2000 is an Act to provide legal recognition for transaction carried out by means of __________ and other means of __________
(A) Original
(B) Random
(C) Hardware
(D) Electronic Data Interchange
(E) Electronic Communication
Answer:
(D) Electronic Data Interchange, (E) Electronic Communication

Question 13.
Information Technology Act, 2000 aims to provide the __________ infrastructure for __________ in India.
(A) Legal
(B) E-Commerce
(C) Original
(D) Random
(E) Hardware
Answer:
(A) Legal, (B) E-Commerce

5. Multiple Choice Three Correct Answers.

Question 1.
Cyberlaw is the area of law that deals with the Internet’s relationship to technological and electronic elements, including computers, __________, __________ and __________
(A) Software
(B) Internet
(C) Hardware
(D) Legal Issues
(E) Information Systems
Answer:
(A) Software, (C) Hardware, (E) Information Systems

Question 2.
Cyberlaw is the part of the overall legal system that deals with the __________, __________, and their respective __________
(A) Software
(B) Internet
(C) Cyberspace
(D) Legal Issues
(E) Information Systems
Answer:
(B) Internet, (C) Cyberspace, (D) Legal Issues

Question 3.
Cyber lawcoversafairlybroadarea,encompassingseveralsubtopicsincluding __________, access to and __________, and __________
(A) Freedom of expression
(B) Usage of the Internet
(C) Online privacy
(D) Electronic Crime
(E) Hi-Tech Crime
Answer:
(A) Freedom of expression, (B) Usage of the Internet, (C) Online privacy

Question 4.
Computer Crime is alternatively referred to as __________, __________ or __________
(A) Freedom of expression
(B) Usage of the Internet
(C) Cybercrime
(D) Electronic Crime
(E) Hi-Tech Crime
Answer:
(C) Cybercrime, (D) Electronic Crime, (E) Hi-Tech Crime

Question 5.
Activity such as __________ codes or __________ and breaking __________ systems for illegal reasons is called cracking.
(A) Cyber Cafe
(B) Decipher
(C) Cyber Security
(D) Passwords
(E) Security
Answer:
(B) Decipher, (D) Passwords, (E) Security

Question 6.
The IT Act 2000 was amended in 2008 and 2011 and it includes rules for __________, __________, __________ by service provider, Audit of electronic document etc.
(A) Cyber Cafe
(B) Decipher
(C) Cyber Security
(D) Delivery of Services
(E) Security
Answer:
(A) Cyber Cafe, (C) Cyber Security, (D) Delivery of Services

6. Match the following.

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Ethics	(A) Computer Crime
(2) Morals	(B) Principles of right and wrong
(3) Cyber Crime	(C) Moral philosophy
(4) Hacker	(D) Illegally browses or steals a company’s or individual’s private information

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Ethics	(C) Moral philosophy
(2) Morals	(B) Principles of right and wrong
(3) Cyber Crime	(A) Computer Crime
(4) Hacker	(D) Illegally browses or steals a company’s or individual’s private information

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Software Piracy	(A) Legal right
(2) Unauthorized access	(B) Gaining access without the users’ permission
(3) Authorization	(C) Granting access rights to resources
(4) Copyright	(D) Copyright violation of software

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Software Piracy	(D) Copyright violation of software
(2) Unauthorized access	(B) Gaining access without the users’ permission
(3) Authorization	(C) Granting access rights to resources
(4) Copyright	(A) Legal right

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Copyright owners	(A) Have the right to control the reproduction of their work
(2) Cracking	(B) Will use a program or script known as a crack
(3) Cracker	(C) Breaking security systems for illegal reasons
(4) Cyberstalking	(D) Uses the Internet to systematically harass or threaten someone

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Copyright owners	(A) Have the right to control the reproduction of their work
(2) Cracking	(C) Breaking security systems for illegal reasons
(3) Cracker	(B) Will use a program or script known as a crack
(4) Cyberstalking	(D) Uses the Internet to systematically harass or threaten someone

Question 4.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Phishing	(A) Technique of extracting confidential information
(2) Plagiarism	(B) Presenting someone else’s work or idea as your own without their consent
(3) Hacking	(C) Safe and responsible use of information and communication technology
(4) Cyber Safety	(D) Refers to unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Phishing	(A) Technique of extracting confidential information
(2) Plagiarism	(B) Presenting someone else’s work or idea as your own without their consent
(3) Hacking	(D) Refers to unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network
(4) Cyber Safety	(C) Safe and responsible use of information and communication technology

Question 5.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Netiquette	(A) Network Security
(2) Encryption	(B) Method of converting the original message into random text
(3) Secure Socket Layer	(C) Transmission of data is encrypted
(4) Firewall	(D) Internet etiquette

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Netiquette	(D) Internet etiquette
(2) Encryption	(B) Method of converting the original message into random text
(3) Secure Socket Layer	(C) Transmission of data is encrypted
(4) Firewall	(A) Network Security

Question 6.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) IT Act 2000	(A) Provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange
(2) Digital Signature	(B) Electronic Signature

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) IT Act 2000	(A) Provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange
(2) Digital Signature	(B) Electronic Signature

7. Answer Briefly.

Question 1.
What is Cyber Law?
Answer:

1. Cyberlaw is the area of law that deals with the Internet’s relationship to technological and electronic elements.
2. Cyberlaw is the part of the overall legal system that deals with the Internet, cyberspace, and their respective legal issues.
3. Cyberlaw covers a fairly broad area, encompassing several subtopics including freedom of expression, access to and usage of the Internet, and online privacy

Question 2.
State the advantages of Cyber Law.
Answer:

1. The Information Technology Act 2000 attempts to change outdated laws and provides ways to deal with cybercrimes.
2. The Information Technology Act offers the much-needed legal framework so that information is not denied.
3. The Information Technology Act has also proposed a legal framework for the authentication and origin of electronic records.

Question 3.
Define Ethics and Morals.
Answer:

1. Ethics is also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong.
2. Morals are the standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong behaviour.
3. Thus Morals are dictated by society, culture, or religion.

Question 4.
What is Cyber Crime?
Answer:

1. Computer Crime is alternatively referred to as Cybercrime.
2. Computer crime is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user, sometimes referred to as a Hacker.
3. A Hacker who illegally browses or steals a company’s or individual’s private information.
4. Cybercrimes can involve criminal activities that are traditional in nature, such as theft, fraud, forgery, defamation, and mischief.

Question 5.
State the examples of Cyber Crime.
Answer:

1. Software piracy is nothing but copyright violation of software created originally by an individual or an institution.
2. Software piracy includes stealing codes/programs and other information illegally and creating the imitated copy by unauthorized means.
3. Gaining access without the users’ permission is known as unauthorized access.
4. Authorization means granting access rights to resources.
5. A copyright is a legal right that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work.
6. Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive the royalty payment for that reproduction.
7. Activity such as decipher codes or passwords and breaking security systems for illegal reasons is called cracking.
8. The cracker will use a program or script known as a Crack.
9. Cyberstalking is a criminal practice where an individual uses the Internet to systematically harass or threaten someone.
10. Phishing is a technique of extracting confidential information such as credit card numbers and username password combos by pretending as a legal enterprise.
11. Phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing.
12. Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work or idea as your own without their consent.
13. Hacking refers to unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network.
14. Hacker is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer operating system and programming language.

Question 6.
Explain Security Procedures.
Answer:

1. Encryption is a method of converting the original message into random text.
2. The full form of SSL is Secure Socket Layer.
3. Through the Secure Socket Layer, the transmission of data is encrypted.
4. A firewall refers to a network security (Hardware and Software) system which blocks certain types of information.

Question 7.
Discuss the IT Act of India 2000 and its features.
Answer:

1. Information Technology Act, 2000 is an Act to provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication.
2. Information Technology Act, 2000 aims to provide the legal infrastructure for E-Commerce in India.
3. Cyber Laws have a major impact on e-businesses and the new economy in India.
4. The Information Technology Act, 2000 also aims to provide for the legal framework.
5. Digital signature has been replaced with electronic signature to make it a more technology-neutral act.

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

1. Fill in the Blanks.

Question 1.
___________ resources have become a part of our day to day life.
Answer:
Online

Question 2.
The ___________ is a powerful media to transmit information.
Answer:
Internet

Question 3.
The pages of information displayed on the internet are referred to as ___________
Answer:
Web Pages

Question 4.
The standards and formats for presenting text and graphics on the internet are developed and approved by ___________ governing authorities.
Answer:
World Wide Web

Question 5.
The growing demand for attractive presentation of information using electronic means gave rise to the invention of ___________
Answer:
Websites

Question 6.
WWW stands for ___________
Answer:
World Wide Web

Question 7.
WWW stands for world wide web normally referred to as ___________
Answer:
Web

Question 8.
___________ is a simple text file created using HTML.
Answer:
Webpage

Question 9.
___________ is a collection of interlinked web pages containing text, images, audio and videos.
Answer:
Website

Question 10.
A ___________ is a software used to view web pages or websites available on the internet.
Answer:
Web browser

Question 11.
A ___________ is an application or a computer that sends webpages over the internet using the HTTP protocol.
Answer:
Web Server I

Question 12.
The functionality of website is managed by ___________
Answer:
Webserver

Question 13.
Full form of URL is ___________
Answer:
Uniform Resource Locator

Question 14.
___________ is an address of a web page on the internet.
Answer:
Uniform Resource Locator

Question 15.
The web pages are retrieved from the original location with the help of ___________
Answer:
Uniform Resource Locator

Question 16.
Full form of HTTP is ___________
Answer:
HyperText Transfer Protocol

Question 17.
___________ is a protocol used by WWW for client server communication.
Answer:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 18.
Full for of HTML is ___________
Answer:
Hyper Text Markup Language

Question 19.
___________ enables to write code for a webpage.
Answer:
HyperText Markup Language

Question 20.
All the webpages in a website are linked with one another, with the help of ___________ links.
Answer:
Hypertext

Question 21.
___________ is a standard language for developing and creating interactive websites, introduced by Tim Berners Lee.
Answer:
HyperText Markup Language

Question 22.
___________ documents are created in any text editor for and can be run(executed) on any computer that has a web browser.
Answer:
HyperText Markup Language

Question 23.
___________ is compatible with most of the web browsers.
Answer:
Hyper Text Markup Language

Question 24.
___________ Tags are also called paired tags.
Answer:
Container

Question 25.
___________ Tags have a beginning tag and an end tag.
Answer:
Container

Question 26.
___________ Tags are standalone tags and do not have an end tag.
Answer:
Empty

Question 27.
___________ defines a header for a document or a section.
Answer:
<header>

Question 28.
___________ defines a container for navigation links.
Answer:
<nav>

Question 29.
___________ defines a section in a document.
Answer:
<section>

Question 30.
___________ defines an independent self-contained article.
Answer:
<article>

Question 31.
___________ defines content apart from the content (like a sidebar).
Answer:
<aside>

Question 32.
___________ defines a footer for a document or a section.
Answer:
<footer>

Question 33.
___________ defines additional details.
Answer:
<details>

Question 34.
_________ formatting is used to make a document look attractive thereby enhancing its appearance.
Answer:
Text

Question 35.
_________ displays text within it in Bold like Hello.
Answer:
<b>

Question 36.
_________ displays text within it in italicized manner like Hello.
Answer:
<i>

Question 37.
_________ displays text with underline like Hello.
Answer:
<u>

Question 38.
_________ displays text in small font size.
Answer:
<small>

Question 39.
_________ displays text in subscript form.
Answer:
<sub>

Question 40.
___________ displays text in superscript form.
Answer:
<sup>

Question 41.
The HTML ___________ element defines marked or highlighted text.
Answer:
<mark>

Question 42.
HTML provides ___________ levels of heading tags.
Answer:
Six

Question 43.
The ___________ tag displays text in bold and with largest heading level.
Answer:
<H1>

Question 44.
The ___________ tag displays text in the smallest heading level.
Answer:
<H6>

Question 45.
___________ tag is used to insert an image within a webpage.
Answer:
<IMG>

Question 46.
___________ is used to specify the path of an image file.
Answer:
src

Question 47.
___________ specifies height of the image in pixels.
Answer:
Height

Question 48.
___________ specifies width of the image in pixels.
Answer:
Width

Question 49.
___________ is referred as alternate text.
Answer:
Alt

Question 50.
___________ is a empty tag.
Answer:
<IMG>

Question 51.
___________ tag is used to display horizontal ruled line.
Answer:
<hr>

Question 52.
___________ sets color for the horizontal ruled line.
Answer:
color

Question 53.
___________ specifies the length of the ruled line in % or pixels.
Answer:
width

Question 54.
___________ sets thickness of a ruled line.
Answer:
size

Question 55.
___________ tag is used to define paragraphs.
Answer:
<P>

Question 56.
A ___________ is made up of rows and columns.
Answer:
Table

Question 57.
___________ is used to indicate creation of a table.
Answer:
<table>

Question 58.
___________ is used to specify a table heading.
Answer:
<caption>

Question 59.
___________ tag is used to create each row of the table.
Answer:
<tr>

Question 60.
___________ indicates table heading.
Answer:
<th>

Question 61.
___________ specifies data within the table (cell content).
Answer:
<td>

Question 62.
___________ attribute is required to display a border for the entire table.
Answer:
border

Question 63.
___________ displays border in a specific color.
Answer:
bordercolor

Question 64.
___________ the table either to the left, right or center.
Answer:
aligns

Question 65.
___________ sets the background color for the table.
Answer:
bgcolor

Question 66.
___________ are used to connect one document with another document.
Answer:
Hyperlinks

Question 67.
In HTML, Links are created by using ___________ tag.
Answer:
<a>

Question 68.
A ___________ by default appears blue in colour with an underline.
Answer:
Hyperlink

Question 69.
An ___________ link is underlined and purple.
Answer:
Visited

Question 70.
A ___________ link is underlined and blue.
Answer:
Active

Question 71.
___________ in HTML is used to accept user input.
Answer:
Forms

Question 72.
A ___________ is a collection of different elements also called as controls.
Answer:
Form

Question 73.
___________ attributes specifies a name to a form.
Answer:
Name

Question 74.
The ___________ attribute specifies the path where the form is to be submitted.
Answer:
Action

Question 75.
The ___________ attribute specifies the get or post method to be used when submitting the form data.
Answer:
Method

Question 76.
The default method of submitting form data is ___________
Answer:
GET

Question 77.
The data submitted by using ___________ is visible in the address bar.
Answer:
GET

Question 78.
The ___________ method of sending data does not display the form data in the address bar.
Answer:
POST

Question 79.
<Input type = “text”> creates a one line ___________
Answer:
Textbox

Question 80.
<Input type = “radio”> creates a ___________ button.
Answer:
Radio

Question 81.
The ___________ button allows one option selection against multiple choices.
Answer:
Radio

Question 82.
<Input type = “checkbox”> creates a ___________
Answer:
Checkbox

Question 83.
___________ allows more than one selection against multiple choices.
Answer:
Checkbox

Question 84.
<Input type = “submit”> displays a button for ___________ the form data to a server.
Answer:
Submitting

Question 85.
The ___________ type is used to create text contents in the form of ‘ * ‘ asterik or ‘ . ‘ disc.
Answer:
Password

Question 86.
The ___________ control clears the text content entered in the form.
Answer:
Reset

Question 87.
<Input type =”____________”> displays push button which activates on events.
Answer:
Button

Question 88.
_________ describes, the name of the control like text radio.
Answer:
Type

Question 89.
The ___________ attribute is a user defined value.
Answer:
Name

Question 90.
The ___________ attribute is used with text and password type.
Answer:
Max length

Question 91.
___________ specifies the maximum number of characters that can be entered in a text or password box.
Answer:
Max length

Question 92.
The ___________ attribute can be used with text and password type.
Answer:
Size

Question 93.
___________ specifies the width of the text box.
Answer:
Size

Question 94.
The ___________ attribute specifies the default selection for options in a checkbox or radio button.
Answer:
Checked

Question 95.
The ___________ attribute can be used with text, checkbox, radio, submit or reset.
Answer:
Value

Question 96.
The ___________ tag is used to create a textbox with multiple lines.
Answer:
<textarea>

Question 97.
___________ is used to specify name for the text area.
Answer:
Name

Question 98.
___________ specifies the number of lines in a text area.
Answer:
Rows

Question 99.
___________ specifies the width of a text area.
Answer:
Cols

Question 100.
___________ specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in the textarea.
Answer:
Max length

Question 101.
___________ specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of a textarea.
Answer:
Placeholder

Question 102.
___________ specifies that textarea must be filled out. i.e. It can not be blank.
Answer:
Required

Question 103.
___________ tag is used to create drop-down list.
Answer:
<select>

Question 104.
___________ assigns name to the control.
Answer:
Name

Question 105.
___________ allows the user to select more than one value.
Answer:
Multiple

Question 106.
The ___________ attribute is used to specify the number of visible values.
Answer:
Size

Question 107.
To define preselected option, ‘___________’ attribute is added to the <option>.
Answer:
Selected

Question 108.
___________ assigns value to the option specified in the dropdown list.
Answer:
Value

Question 109.
___________ was initially created to make webpages alive.
Answer:
JavaScript

Question 110.
A ___________ is a list of commands that are executed by a scripting engine.
Answer:
Script

Question 111.
___________ are used to generate dynamic Web pages on the Web.
Answer:
Scripts

Question 112.
___________ can be use for client side or server side scripting language.
Answer:
JavaScript

Question 113.
___________ code can be inserted in HTML program between <script> and </script> tag.
Answer:
JavaScript

Question 114.
___________ attribute is used to set scripting language.
Answer:
Language

Question 115.
The ___________ is a basic unit of storage in a JavaScript program.
Answer:
Variable

Question 116.
___________ name may consist of alphabets, digits and underscore and dollar character with following rules.
Answer:
Variable

Question 117.
Standard keywords are not allowed as ___________ name.
Answer:
Variable

Question 118.
___________ name can be limited up to 255 characters.
Answer:
Variable

Question 119.
___________ name in javascript is declared with keyword ‘var’.
Answer:
Variable

Question 120.
_____________ provides data types to store and use different types of values.
Answer:
JavaScript

Question 121.
Numerical value specially belongs to the ‘___________’ data type.
Answer:
Number

Question 122.
___________ data type can hold positive as well as negative values.
Answer:
Number

Question 123.
___________ are used for storing text.
Answer:
Strings

Question 124.
___________ type represents only two values ‘true’ and ‘false’.
Answer:
Boolean

Question 125.
JavaScript returns ‘___________’ when variable which is declared but not assigned.
Answer:
Undefined

Question 126.
___________ are used to do arithmetic and logical operations.
Answer:
Operators

Question 127.
Operators that require one operand is called as ___________ operator.
Answer:
Unary

Question 128.
Operators that require two operands are called as ___________ operator.
Answer:
Binary

Question 129.
___________ operators are used in mathematical expressions.
Answer:
Arithmetic

Question 130.
It is important to know that ___________ operator is not ‘equal to’ operator.
Answer:
Assignment

Question 131.
___________ operator is used to assign value of an expression to a variable.
Answer:
Assignment

Question 132.
___________ operators are used to check conditions or comparison of operands.
Answer:
Relational

Question 133.
___________ operators are used to verifying more than one condition at a time or to negate the condition.
Answer:
Logical

Question 134.
___________ (++) operator in JavaScript is used to increment value of variable by one.
Answer:
Increment

Question 135.
___________ operator in JavaScript is used to decrement value of variable by one.
Answer:
Decrement

Question 136.
___________ are non-executable statements in program.
Answer:
Comments

Question 137.
___________ are used to provide information or explanation about your programming construct.
Answer:
Comments

Question 138.
Statements added in ___________ are ignored by JavaScript.
Answer:
Comments

Question 139.
___________ is used to perform repetitive tasks whenever required.
Answer:
Function

Question 140.
___________ is reusable code block that will be executed when it is called.
Answer:
Function

Question 141.
___________ function is used to parse a string and convert it into a number.
Answer:
parseInt()

Question 142.
___________ function is used to parse a string and convert it into floating point representation.
Answer:
parseFloat()

Question 143.
___________ function displays alert popup box with ok button. This is also called as a message box.
Answer:
alert()

Question 144.
___________ function is used when you want input value from user at the time of program execution.
Answer:
prompt()

Question 145.
___________ function displays confirmation message box with ok and cancel button.
Answer:
confirm()

Question 146.
___________ string function used to convert the given string into lower case alphabets.
Answer:
toLowerCase()

Question 147.
___________ string function is used to convert given string into uppercase alphabets.
Answer:
toUpperCase()

Question 148.
___________ returns ‘true’ if given value is not a number. It returns ‘false’ if given value is number.
Answer:
isNaN()

Question 149.
A ___________ in any scripting and programming language is a small part of a program that we require again and again.
Answer:
Function

Question 150.
A ___________ is a subprogram designed to perform a particular task.
Answer:
Function

Question 151.
___________ can be called either by an event or by giving call to that function.
Answer:
Functions

Question 152.
___________ is an event-driven language.
Answer:
JavaScript

Question 153.
___________ is an action done bv the user or an application.
Answer:
Event

Question 154.
___________ lets you execute a code when events are detected.
Answer:
JavaScript

Question 155.
___________ when user moves the mouse away from an element.
Answer:
onMouseOut

Question 156.
___________ when user clicks an element.
Answer:
onClick

Question 157.
___________ when user moves the mouse over an element.
Answer:
onMouseOver

Question 158.
___________ when user releases a mouse button over an element.
Answer:
onMouseUp

2. True or False.

Question 1.
Online resources have become a part of our day-to-day life.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The Internet is a powerful medium to transmit information.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The pages of the information displayed on the internet are referred to as the worldwide web.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The standards and formats for presenting text and graphics on the internet are developed and approved by Webpages governing authorities.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
The growing demand for attractive presentation of information using electronic means gave rise to the invention of Websites.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
WWW stands for world wide web.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
WWW stands for world wide web normally referred to as Webpage.
Answer:
False

Question 8.
The web is a simple text file created using HTML.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
A website is a collection of interlinked web pages containing text, images, audio, and videos.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
A web browser is software used to view web pages or websites available on the internet.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
A Web server is an application or a computer that sends webpages over the internet using the HTTP protocol.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
The functionality of the website is managed by Uniform Resource Locator.
Answer:
False

Question 13.
The full form of URL is Uniform Resource Locator.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
Uniform Resource Locator is an address of a web page on the internet.
Answer:
True

Question 15.
The web pages are retrieved from the original location with the help of Uniform Resource Locator.
Answer:
True

Question 16.
The full form of HTTP is HyperText Transfer Protocol.
Answer:
True

Question 17.
Uniform Resource Locator is a protocol used by WWW for client-server communication.
Answer:
False

Question 18.
Full form of HTML is HyperText Markup Language.
Answer:
True

Question 19.
HyperText Markup Language enables to write code for a webpage.
Answer:
True

Question 20.
All the webpages in a website are linked with one another, with the help of HyperText links.
Answer:
True

Question 21.
HyperText Markup Language is a standard language for developing and creating interactive websites, introduced by Tim Berners Lee.
Answer:
True

Question 22.
Uniform Resource Locator documents are created in any text editor and can be run(executed) on any computer that has a web browser.
Answer:
False

Question 23.
HyperText Markup Language is compatible with most web browsers.
Answer:
False

Question 24.
Empty Tags are also called paired tags.
Answer:
False

Question 25.
Container Tags have a beginning tag and an end tag.
Answer:
True

Question 26.
Container Tags are standalone tags and do not have an end tag.
Answer:
False

Question 27.
<nav> defines a header for a document or a section.
Answer:
False

Question 28.
<header> defines a container for navigation links.
Answer:
False

Question 29.
<article> defines a section in a document.
Answer:
False

Question 30.
<section> defines an independent self-contained article.
Answer:
False

Question 31.
<aside> defines content apart from the content (like a sidebar).
Answer:
True

Question 32.
<footer> defines a footer for a document or a section.
Answer:
True

Question 33.
<details> defines additional details.
Answer:
True

Question 34.
<b> formatting is used to make a document look attractive thereby enhancing its appearance.
Answer:
False

Question 35.
<b> displays text within it in Bold like Hello.
Answer:
True

Question 36.
<i> display text within it in an italicized manner like Hello.
Answer:
True

Question 37.
<u> displays text with an underline like Hello.
Answer:
True

Question 38.
<small> displays text in small font size.
Answer:
True

Question 39.
Text displays text in subscript form.
Answer:
False

Question 40.
<sup> displays text in superscript form.
Answer:
True

Question 41.
The HTML <sub> element defines marked or highlighted text.
Answer:
False

Question 42.
HTML provides six levels of heading tags.
Answer:
True

Question 43.
The Six tag displays text in bold and with the largest heading level.
Answer:
False

Question 44.
The <H6> tag displays text in the smallest heading level.
Answer:
True

Question 45.
src tag is used to insert an image within a webpage.
Answer:
False

Question 46.
<IMG> is used to specify the path of an image file.
Answer:
False

Question 47.
Height specifies the height of the image in pixels.
Answer:
True

Question 48.
Width specifies the width of the image in pixels.
Answer:
True

Question 49.
Alt is referred to as alternate text.
Answer:
True

Question 50.
<IMG> is a empty tag.
Answer:
True

Question 51.
<P> tag is used to display horizontal ruled line.
Answer:
False

Question 52.
color sets the color for the horizontal ruled line.
Answer:
True

Question 53.
width specifies the length of the ruled line in % or pixels.
Answer:
True

Question 54.
size sets the thickness of a ruled line.
Answer:
True

Question 55.
<hr> tag is used to define paragraphs.
Answer:
False

Question 56.
A Table is made up of rows and columns.
Answer:
True

Question 57.
<caption> is used to indicate the creation of a table.
Answer:
False

Question 58.
<table> is used to specify a table heading.
Answer:
False

Question 59.
<tr> tag is used to create each row of the table.
Answer:
True

Question 60.
<th> indicates table heading.
Answer:
False

Question 61.
<td> specifies data within the table (cell content).
Answer:
True

Question 62.
A border attribute is required to display a border for the entire table.
Answer:
True

Question 63.
bgcolor displays borders in a specific color.
Answer:
False

Question 64.
border the table either to the left, right or center.
Answer:
False

Question 65.
bgcolor sets the background color for the table.
Answer:
True

Question 66.
Hyperlinks are used to connect one document with another document.
Answer:
True

Question 67.
In HTML, links are created by using <a> tag.
Answer:
True

Question 68.
A Hyperlink by default appears blue in colour with an underline.
Answer:
True

Question 69.
An Active link is underlined and purple.
Answer:
False

Question 70.
A Visited link is underlined and blue.
Answer:
False

Question 71.
Forms in HTML are used to accept user input.
Answer:
True

Question 72.
A Form is a collection of different elements also called controls.
Answer:
True

Question 73.
Name attributes specifies a name to a form.
Answer:
True

Question 74.
The Method attribute specifies the path where the form is to be submitted.
Answer:
False

Question 75.
The Action attribute specifies the get or post method to be used when submitting the form data.
Answer:
False

Question 76.
The default method of submitting form data is GET.
Answer:
True

Question 77.
The data submitted by using POST is visible in the address bar.
Answer:
False

Question 78.
The GET method of sending data does not display the form data in the address bar.
Answer:
False

Question 79.
<Input type = “text”> creates a one line Textbox.
Answer:
True

Question 80.
<Input type = “radio”> creates a radio button.
Answer:
True

Question 81.
The radio button allows one option selection against multiple choices.
Answer:
True

Question 82.
<Input type = “checkbox”> creates a Password.
Answer:
False

Question 83.
The button allows more than one selection against multiple choices.
Answer:
False

Question 84.
<Input type = “submit”> displays a button for Submitting the form data to a server.
Answer:
True

Question 85.
The Checkbox input type is used to create text contents in the form of ‘*’ asterisk or ‘•’ disc.
Answer:
False

Question 86.
The Reset control clears the text content entered in the form.
Answer:
True

Question 87.
<Input type = “Radio”> displays push button which activates on events.
Answer:
False

Question 88.
Maxlength describes the name of the control like text radio.
Answer:
False

Question 89.
The Name attribute is a user-defined value.
Answer:
True

Question 90.
Maxlength attribute is used with text and password type.
Answer:
True

Question 91.
Type specifies the maximum number of characters that can be entered in a text or password box.
Answer:
False

Question 92.
The ‘Size’ attribute can be used with text and password type.
Answer:
True

Question 93.
The value specifies the width of the text box.
Answer:
False

Question 94.
The ‘Checked’ attribute specifies the default selection for options in a checkbox or radio button.
Answer:
True

Question 95.
The ‘Size’ attribute can be used with text, checkbox, radio, submit or reset.
Answer:
False

Question 96.
The <textarea> tag is used to create a textbox with multiple lines.
Answer:
True

Question 97.
Name is used to specify a name for the textarea.
Answer:
True

Question 98.
Required specifies the number of lines in a text area.
Answer:
False

Question 99.
Maxlength specifies the width of a text area.
Answer:
False

Question 100.
Maxlength specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in the textarea.
Answer:
True

Question 101.
Placeholder specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of a textarea.
Answer:
True

Question 102.
Rows specify that textarea must be filled out. i.e. It can not be blank.
Answer:
False

Question 103.
Value tag is used to create a drop-down list.
Answer:
False

Question 104.
Name assigns a name to the control.
Answer:
True

Question 105.
Multiple allows the user to select more than one value.
Answer:
True

Question 106.
The Size attribute is used to specify the number of visible values.
Answer:
True

Question 107.
To define the preselected option, the ‘Selected’ attribute is added to the <option>.
Answer:
True

Question 108.
<select> assigns value to the option specified in the dropdown list.
Answer:
False

Question 109.
JavaScript was initially created to make web pages alive.
Answer:
True

Question 110.
A Script is a list of commands that are executed by a scripting engine.
Answer:
True

Question 111.
Scripts are used to generate dynamic Web pages on the Web.
Answer:
True

Question 112.
JavaScript can be used for the client-side or server-side scripting languages.
Answer:
True

Question 113.
Python code can be inserted in HTML program between <script> and </script> tag.
Answer:
False

Question 114.
The language attribute is used to set scripting language.
Answer:
True

Question 115.
A Variable is a basic unit of storage in a JavaScript program.
Answer:
True

Question 116.
The variable name may consist of alphabets, digits and underscore, and dollar characters with the following rules.
Answer:
True

Question 117.
Standard keywords are not allowed as Variable names.
Answer:
True

Question 118.
A variable names can be limited to up to 255 characters.
Answer:
True

Question 119.
Variable name in javascript is declared with keyword var’.
Answer:
True

Question 120.
JavaScript provides data types to store and use different types of values.
Answer:
True

Question 121.
Numerical value specially belongs to the ‘Boolean’ data type.
Answer:
False

Question 122.
The number data type can hold positive as well as negative values.
Answer:
True

Question 123.
Strings are used for storing text.
Answer:
True

Question 124.
Number type represents only two values ‘true’ and ‘false’.
Answer:
False

Question 125.
JavaScript returns ‘Undefined’ when a variable is declared but not assigned.
Answer:
True

Question 126.
Operators are used to doing arithmetic and logical operations.
Answer:
True

Question 127.
Operators that require one operand is called as Unary operator.
Answer:
True

Question 128.
Operators that require two operands are called Binary operators.
Answer:
True

Question 129.
Assignment operators are used in mathematical expressions.
Answer:
False

Question 130.
It is important to know that the Assignment operator is not an ‘equal to’ operator.
Answer:
True

Question 131.
The binary operator is used to assign the value of an expression to a variable.
Answer:
False

Question 132.
Relational operators are used to checking conditions or comparisons of operands.
Answer:
True

Question 133.
Logical operators are used to verifying more than one condition at a time or to negate the condition.
Answer:
True

Question 134.
The decrement (++) operator in JavaScript is used to increment the value of a variable by one.
Answer:
False

Question 135.
The increment operator in JavaScript is used to decrement the value of variables by one.
Answer:
False

Question 136.
Mistakes are non-executable statements in the program.
Answer:
False

Question 137.
Comments are used to provide information or explanation about your programming construct.
Answer:
True

Question 138.
Statements added in Comments are ignored by JavaScript.
Answer:
True

Question 139.
The function is used to perform repetitive tasks whenever required.
Answer:
True

Question 140.
The function is a reusable code block that will be executed when it is called.
Answer:
True

Question 141.
parseFloat() function is used to parse a string and convert it into a number.
Answer:
False

Question 142.
parselnt() function is used to parse a string and convert it into floating-point representation.
Answer:
False

Question 143.
alert() function displays an alert popup box with an ok button. This is also called a message box.
Answer:
False

Question 144.
prompt() function is used when you want input value from the user at the time of program execution.
Answer:
True

Question 145.
confirm() function displays a confirmation message box with ok and cancel buttons.
Answer:
True

Question 146.
toUpperCase() string function used to convert the given string into lower case alphabets.
Answer:
False

Question 147.
toLowerCase() string function is used to convert given string into uppercase alphabets.
Answer:
False

Question 148.
isNaN() returns ‘true’ if given value is not a number. It returns ‘false’ if the given value is a number.
Answer:
True

Question 149.
A Gmail in any scripting and programming language is a small part of a program that we require again and again.
Answer:
False

Question 150.
A Function is a subprogram designed to perform a particular task.
Answer:
True

Question 151.
Functions can be called either by an event or by giving a call to that function.
Answer:
True

Question 152.
JavaScript is an event-driven language.
Answer:
True

Question 153.
An event is an action done by the user or an application.
Answer:
True

Question 154.
JavaScript lets you execute a code when events are detected.
Answer:
True

Question 155.
onMouseUp when the user moves the mouse away from an element.
Answer:
False

Question 156.
onClick when the user clicks an element.
Answer:
True

Question 157.
onMouseOver when the user moves the mouse over an element.
Answer:
True

Question 158.
onClick when the user releases a mouse button over an element.
Answer:
False

3. Multiple Choice Question (Single Choice)

Question 1.
__________ resources have become a part of our day to day life.
(A) Online
(B) Internet
(C) Webpages
(D) World Wide Web
Answer:
(A) Online

Question 2.
The __________ is a powerful media to transmit information.
(A) Online
(B) Internet
(C) Webpages
(D) World Wide Web
Answer:
(B) Internet

Question 3.
The pages of information displayed on the internet are referred to as __________
(A) Online
(B) Internet
(C) Webpages
(D) World Wide Web
Answer:
(C) Web pages

Question 4.
The standards and formats for presenting text and graphics on the internet are developed and approved by __________ governing authorities.
(A) Online
(B) Internet
(C) Webpages
(D) World Wide Web
Answer:
(D) World Wide Web

Question 5.
The growing demand for attractive presentation of information using electronic means gave rise to the invention of __________
(A) Online
(B) Internet
(C) Webpages
(D) Websites
Answer:
(D) Websites

Question 6.
WWW stands for __________
(A) World Wide Web
(B) Webpage
(C) Website
(D) Web Browser
Answer:
(A) World Wide Web

Question 7.
WWW stands for world wide web normally referred to as __________
(A) World Wide Web
(B) Webpage
(C) Website
(D) Web
Answer:
(D) Web

Question 8.
__________ is a simple text file created using HTML.
(A) World Wide Web
(B) Webpage
(C) Website
(D) Web
Answer:
(B) Webpage

Question 9.
__________ is a collection of interlinked web pages containing text, images, audio and videos.
(A) World Wide Web
(B) Webpage
(C) Website
(D) Web
Answer:
(C) Website

Question 10.
A __________ is a software used to view web pages or websites available on the internet.
(A) World Wide Web
(B) Webpage
(C) Website
(D) Web Browser
Answer:
(D) Web Browser

Question 11.
A __________ is an application or a computer that sends webpages over the internet using the HTTP protocol.
(A) Webserver
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) HyperText Transfer Protocol
(D) Hypertext
Answer:
(A) Web Server

Question 12.
The functionality of website is managed by __________
(A) Webserver
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(D) Hypertext
Answer:
(A) Webserver

Question 13.
Full form of URL is __________
(A) Uniform Resource Locator
(B) United Research Live
(C) Uniform Research Live
(D) Uniform Research Locator
Answer:
(A) Uniform Resource Locator

Question 14.
__________ is an address of a web page on the internet.
(A) Web Server
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(D) Hypertext
Answer:
(B) Uniform Resource Locator

Question 15.
The web pages are retrieved from the original location with the help of __________
(A) Web Server
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(D) Hypertext
Answer:
(B) Uniform Resource Locator

Question 16.
Full form of HTTP is __________
(A) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(B) Hyper Test Transfer Protocol
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Permission
(D) Hyper Text Transfer Permission
Answer:
(A) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 17.
__________ is a protocol used by WWW for client-server communication.
(A) Web Server
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(D) Hyper Text
Answer:
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 18.
Full form of HTML is __________
(A) Hyper Text Markup Language
(B) Hyper Test Markup Language
(C) Hyper Text Machine Language
(D) Hyper Test Machine Language
Answer:
(A) Hyper Text Markup Language

Question 19.
__________ enables to write code for a webpage.
(A) Webserver
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(D) Hyper Text Markup Language
Answer:
(D) Hyper Text Markup Language

Question 20.
All the webpages in a website are linked with one another, with the help of __________ links.
(A) Webserver
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) HyperText Transfer Protocol
(D) Hypertext
Answer:
(D) Hypertext

Question 21.
__________ is a standard language for developing and creating interactive websites, introduced by Tim Berners Lee.
(A) Web server
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(D) Hyper Text Markup Language
Answer:
(D) Hyper Text Markup Language

Question 22.
__________ documents are created in any text editor for and can be run (executed) on any computer that has a web browser.
(A) Webserver
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(D) Hyper Text Markup Language
Answer:
(D) Hyper Text Markup Language

Question 23.
__________ is compatible with most of the web browsers.
(A) Web server
(B) Uniform Resource Locator
(C) HyperText Transfer Protocol
(D) HyperText Markup Language
Answer:
(D) Hyper Text Markup Language

Question 24.
__________ Tags are also called paired tags.
(A) Container
(B) Empty
(C) Web Server
(D) Uniform Resource Locator
Answer:
(A) Container

Question 25.
__________ Tags have a beginning tae and an end tag.
(A) Container
(B) Empty
(C) Web Server
(D) Uniform Resource Locator
Answer:
(A) Container

Question 26.
__________ Tags are standalone tags and do not have an end tag.
(A) Container
(B) Empty
(C) Web Server
(D) Uniform Resource Locator
Answer:
(B) Empty

Question 27.
__________ defines a header for a document or a section.
(A) <header>
(B) <nav>
(C) <section>
(D) <article>
Answer:
(A) <header>

Question 28.
__________ defines a container for navigation links.
(A) <header>
(B) <nav>
(C) <section>
(D) <article>
Answer:
(B) <nav>

Question 29.
__________ defines a section in a document.
(A) <header>
(B) <nav>
(C) <section>
(D) <article>
Answer:
(C) <section>

Question 30.
__________ defines an independent self-contained article.
(A) <header>
(B) <nav>
(C) <section>
(D) <article>
Answer:
(D) <article>

Question 31.
__________ defines content apart from the content (like a sidebar).
(A) <aside>
(B) <footer>
(C) <details>
(D) <header>
Answer:
(A) <aside>

Question 32.
__________ defines a footer for a document or a section.
(A) <aside>
(B) <footer>
(C) <details>
(D) <header>
Answer:
(B) <footer>

Question 33.
__________ defines additional details.
(A) <aside>
(B) <footer>
(C) <details>
(D) <header>
Answer:
(C) <details>

Question 34.
__________ formatting is used to make a document look attractive thereby enhancing it’s appearance.
(A) Text
(B) <b>
(C) <i>
(D) <u>
Answer:
(A) Text

Question 35.
__________ displays text within it in Bold like Hello.
(A) Text
(B) <b>
(C) <i>
(D) <u>
Answer:
(B) <b>

Question 36.
__________ displays text within it in italicized manner like Hello.
(A) Text
(B) <b>
(C) <i>
(D) <u>
Answer:
(C) <i>

Question 37.
__________ displays text with underline like Hello.
(A) Text
(B) <b>
(C) <i>
(D) <u>
Answer:
(D) <u>

Question 38.
__________ displays text in small font size.
(A) <small>
(B) <sub>
(C) <sup>
(D) <mark>
Answer:
(A) <small>

Question 39.
__________ displays text in subscript form.
(A) <small>
(B) <sub>
(C) <sup>
(D) <mark>
Answer:
(B) <sub>

Question 40.
__________ displays text in superscript form.
(A) <small>
(B) <sub>
(C) <sup>
(D) <mark>
Answer:
(C) <sup>

Question 41.
The HTML __________ element defines marked or highlighted text.
(A) <small>
(B) <sub>
(C) <sup>
(D) <mark>
Answer:
(D) <mark>

Question 42.
HTML provides __________ levels of heading tags.
(A) Six
(B) <H1>
(C) <H6>
(D) <H2>
Answer:
(A) Six

Question 43.
The __________ tag displays text in bold and with largest heading level.
(A) Six
(B) <H1>
(C) <H6>
(D) <H2>
Answer:
(B) <H1>

Question 44.
The __________ tag displays text in the smallest heading level.
(A) Six
(B) <H1>
(C) <H6>
(D) <H2>
Answer:
(C) <H6>

Question 45.
__________ tag is used to insert an image within a webpage.
(A) <IMG>
(B) src
(C) Height
(D) Width
Answer:
(A) <IMG>

Question 46.
__________ is used to specify the path of an image file.
(A) <IMG>
(B) src
(C) Height
(D) Width
Answer:
(B) src

Question 47.
__________ specifies height of the image in pixels.
(A) <IMG>
(B) src
(C) Height
(D) Width
Answer:
(C) Height

Question 48.
__________ specifies width of the image in pixels.
(A) <IMG>
(B) src
(C) Height
(D) Width
Answer:
(D) Width

Question 49.
__________ is referred as alternate text.
(A) Alt
(B) <IMG>
(C) <hr>
(D) color
Answer:
(A) Alt

Question 50.
__________ is a empty tag.
(A) Alt
(B) <IMG>
(C) <hr>
(D) color
Answer:
(B) <IMG>

Question 51.
__________ tag is used to display horizontal ruled line.
(A) Alt
(B) <IMG>
(C) <hr>
(D) color
Answer:
(C) <hr>

Question 52.
__________ sets color for the horizontal ruled line.
(A) Alt
(B) <IMG>
(C) <hr>
(D) color
Answer:
(D) color

Question 53.
__________ specifies the length of the ruled line in % or pixels.
(A) width
(B) size
(C) <P>
(D) color
Answer:
(A) width

Question 54.
__________ sets thickness of a ruled line.
(A) width
(B) size
(C) <P>
(D) color
Answer:
(B) size

Question 55.
__________ tag is used to define paragraphs.
(A) width
(B) size
(C) <P>
(D) color
Answer:
(C) <P>

Question 56.
A __________ is made up of rows and columns.
(A) Table
(B) <caption>
(C) <tr>
(D) <th>
Answer:
(A) Table

Question 57.
__________ is used to indicate creation of a table.
(A) <table>
(B) <caption>
(C) <tr>
(D) <th>
Answer:
(A) <table>

Question 58.
__________ is used to specify a table heading.
(A) <table>
(B) <caption>
(C) <tr>
(D) <th>
Answer:
(B) <caption>

Question 59.
__________ tag is used to create each row of the table.
(A) <table>
(B) <caption>
(C) <tr>
(D) <th>
Answer:
(C) <tr>

Question 60.
__________ indicates table heading.
(A) <table>
(B) <caption>
(C) <tr>
(D) <th>
Answer:
(D) <th>

Question 61.
__________ specifies data within the table (cell content).
(A) <table>
(B) <caption>
(C) <tr>
(D) <td>
Answer:
(D) <td>

Question 62.
__________ attribute is required to display a border for the entire table.
(A) border
(B) bordercolor
(C) aligns
(D) bgcolor
Answer:
(A) border

Question 63.
__________ displays border in a specific color.
(A) border
(B) bordercolor
(C) aligns
(D) bgcolor
Answer:
(B) bordercolor

Question 64.
__________ the table either to the left, right or center.
(A) border
(B) bordercolor
(C) aligns
(D) bgcolor
Answer:
(C) aligns

Question 65.
__________ sets the background color for the table.
(A) border
(B) bordercolor
(C) aligns
(D) bgcolor
Answer:
(D) bgcolor

Question 66.
__________ are used to connect one document with another document.
(A) Hyperlinks
(B) <a>
(C) Hypertext
(D) Visited
Answer:
(A) Hyperlinks

Question 67.
In HTML, Links are created bv usinsr __________ tag.
(A) Hypertext
(B) <a>
(C) Hyperlink
(D) Visited
Answer:
(B) <a>

Question 68.
A __________ by default appears blue in colour with an underline.
(A) Hypertext
(B) <a>
(C) Hyperlink
(D) Visited
Answer:
(C) Hyperlink

Question 69.
A __________ link is underlined and purple.
(A) Hypertext
(B) <a>
(C) Hyperlink
(D) Visited
Answer:
(D) Visited

Question 70.
An __________ link is underlined and blue.
(A) Hypertext
(B) <a>
(C) Hyperlink
(D) Active
Answer:
(D) Active

Question 71.
__________ in HTML is used to accept user input.
(A) Forms
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(A) Forms

Question 72.
A __________ is a collection of different elements also called as controls.
(A) Form
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(A) Form

Question 73.
__________ attributes specifies a name to a form.
(A) Name
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(A) Name

Question 74.
The __________ attribute specifies the path where the form is to be submitted.
(A) Name
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(B) Action

Question 75.
The __________ attribute specifies the get or post method to be used when submitting the form data.
(A) Name
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(C) Method

Question 76.
The default method of submitting form data is __________
(A) Name
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(D) GET

Question 77.
The data submitted by using __________ is visible in the address bar.
(A) Name
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(D) GET

Question 78.
The __________ method of sending data does not display the form data in the address bar.
(A) POST
(B) Action
(C) Method
(D) GET
Answer:
(A) POST

Question 79.
<Input type = “text”> creates a one line __________
(A) Textbox
(B) Radio
(C) Checkbox
(D) Submitting
Answer:
(A) Textbox

Question 80.
<Input type = “radio”> creates a __________ button.
(A) Textbox The
(B) Radio
(C) Checkbox
(D) Submitting
Answer:
(B) Radio

Question 81.
The __________ button allows one option selection against multiple choices.
(A) Textbox
(B) Radio
(C) Checkbox
(D) Submitting
Answer:
(B) Radio

Question 82.
<Input type =”checkbox”> creates a __________
(A) Textbox
(B) Radio
(C) Checkbox
(D) Submitting
Answer:
(C) Checkbox

Question 83.
__________ allows more than one selection against multiple choices.
(A) Textbox
(B) Radio
(C) Checkbox
(D) Submitting
Answer:
(C) Checkbox

Question 84.
<Input type = “submit”> displays a button for __________ the form data to a server.
(A) Textbox
(B) Radio
(C) Checkbox
(D) Submitting
Answer:
(D) Submitting

Question 85.
The __________ input type is used to create text contents in the form of ‘*’ asterik or ‘.’ disc.
(A) Password
(B) Reset
(C) Button
(D) Textbox
Answer:
(A) Password

Question 86.
The __________ control clears the text content entered in the form.
(A) Password
(B) Reset
(C) Button
(D) Textbox
Answer:
(B) Reset

Question 87.
<Input type = “___________”> displays push button which activates on events.
(A) Password
(B) Reset
(C) Button
(D) Textbox
Answer:
(C) Button

Question 88.
__________ describes, the name of the control like text radio.
(A) Type
(B) Name
(C) Maxlength
(D) Size
Answer:
(A) Type

Question 89.
The __________ attribute is a user defined value.
(A) Type
(B) Name
(C) Maxlength
(D) Size
Answer:
(B) Name

Question 90.
__________ attribute is used with text and password type.
(A) Type
(B) Name
(C) Maxlength
(D) Size
Answer:
(C) Maxlength

Question 91.
__________ specifies the maximum number of characters that can be entered in a text or password box.
(A) Type
(B) Name
(C) Maxlength
(D) Size
Answer:
(C) Maxlength

Question 92.
The ‘___________’ attribute can be used with text and password type.
(A) Type
(B) Name
(C) Maxlength
(D) Size
Answer:
(D) Size

Question 93.
__________ specifies the width of the text box.
(A) Type
(B) Name
(C) Maxlength
(D) Size
Answer:
(D) Size

Question 94.
The ‘______________’ attribute specifies the default selection for options in a checkbox or radio button.
(A) Checked
(B) Value
(C) Name
(D) Maxlength
Answer:
(A) Checked

Question 95.
The ‘______________’ attribute can be used with text, checkbox, radio, submit or reset.
(A) Checked
(B) Value
(C) Name
(D) Maxlength
Answer:
(B) Value

Question 96.
The __________ tag is used to create a textbox with multiple lines.
(A) <textarea>
(B) Name
(C) Rows
(D) Cols
Answer:
(A) <textarea>

Question 97.
__________ is used to specify name for the textarea.
(A) <textarea>
(B) Name
(C) Rows
(D) Cols
Answer:
(B) Name

Question 98.
__________ specifies the number of lines in a textarea.
(A) <textarea>
(B) Name
(C) Rows
(D) Cols
Answer:
(C) Rows

Question 99.
__________ specifies the width of a text area.
(A) <textarea>
(B) Name
(C) Rows
(D) Cols
Answer:
(D) Cols

Question 100.
__________ specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in the textarea.
(A) Maxlength
(B) Placeholder
(C) Required
(D) Rows
Answer:
(A) Maxlength

Question 101.
__________ specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of a textarea.
(A) Maxlength
(B) Placeholder
(C) Required
(D) Rows
Answer:
(B) Placeholder

Question 102.
__________ specifies that textarea must be filled out. i.e. It can not be blank.
(A) Maxlength
(B) Placeholder
(C) Required
(D) Rows
Answer:
(C) Required

Question 103.
__________ tag is used to create drop-down list.
(A) <select>
(B) Name
(C) Multiple
(D) Size
Answer:
(A) <select>

Question 104.
__________ assigns name to the control.
(A) <select>
(B) Name
(C) Multiple
(D) Size
Answer:
(B) Name

Question 105.
__________ allows the user to select more than one value.
(A) <select>
(B) Name
(C) Multiple
(D) Size
Answer:
(C) Multiple

Question 106.
The __________ attribute is used to specify the number of visible values.
(A) <select>
(B) Name
(C) Multiple
(D) Size
Answer:
(D) Size

Question 107.
To define preselected option, ‘___________’ attribute is added to the <option>.
(A) Selected
(B) Value
(C) Multiple
(D) Size
Answer:
(A) Selected

Question 108.
__________ assigns value to the option specified in the dropdown list.
(A) Selected
(B) Value
(C) Multiple
(D) Size
Answer:
(B) Value

Question 109.
__________ was initially created to make webpages alive.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Script
(C) Language
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) JavaScript

Question 110.
A __________ is a list of commands that are executed by a scripting engine.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Script
(C) Language
(D) Python
Answer:
(B) Script

Question 111.
__________ are used to generate dynamic Web pages on the Web.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Scripts
(C) Language
(D) Python
Answer:
(B) Scripts

Question 112.
__________ can be use for client side or server side scripting language.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Script
(C) Language
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) JavaScript

Question 113.
__________ code can be inserted in HTML program between <script> and </script> tag.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Script
(C) Language
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) JavaScript

Question 114.
__________ attribute is used to set scripting language.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Scrip
(C) Language
(D) Python
Answer:
(C) Language

Question 115.
The __________ is a basic unit of storage in a JavaScript program.
(A) Variable
(B) Java
(C) .Net
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Variable

Question 116.
__________ name may consist of alphabets, digits and underscore and dollar character with following rules.
(A) Variable
(B) Java
(C) .Net
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Variable

Question 117.
Standard keywords are not allowed as __________ name.
(A) Variable
(B) Java
(C) .Net
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Variable

Question 118.
__________ name can be limited up to 255 characters.
(A) Variable
(B) Java
(C) .Net
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Variable

Question 119.
__________ name in javascript is declared with keyword ‘var’.
(A) Variable
(B) Java
(C) .Net
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Variable

Question 120.
__________ provides data types to store and use different types of values.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Number
(C) Strings
(D) Boolean
Answer:
(A) JavaScript

Question 121.
Numerical value specially belongs to the ‘____________’ data type.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Number
(C) Strings
(D) Boolean
Answer:
(B) Number

Question 122.
__________ data type can hold positive as well as negative values.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Number
(C) Strings
(D) Boolean
Answer:
(B) Number

Question 123.
__________ are used for storing text.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Number
(C) Strings
(D) Boolean
Answer:
(C) Strings

Question 124.
__________ type represents only two values ‘true’ and ‘false’.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Number
(C) Strings
(D) Boolean
Answer:
(D) Boolean

Question 125.
JavaScript returns ‘____________’ when variable which is declared but not assigned.
(A) Undefined
(B) Number
(C) Strings
(D) Boolean
Answer:
(A) Undefined

Question 126.
__________ are used to do arithmetic and logical operations.
(A) Operators
(B) Unary
(C) Binary
(D) Arithmetic
Answer:
(A) Operators

Question 127.
Operators that require one operand is called as __________ operator.
(A) Operators
(B) Unary
(C) Binary
(D) Arithmetic
Answer:
(B) Unary

Question 128.
Operators that require two operands are called as __________ operator.
(A) Operators
(B) Unary
(C) Binary
(D) Arithmetic
Answer:
(C) Binary

Question 129.
__________ operators are used in mathematical expressions.
(A) Operators
(B) Unary
(C) Binary
(D) Arithmetic
Answer:
(D) Arithmetic

Question 130.
It is important to know that __________ operator is not ‘equal to’ operator.
(A) Assignment
(B) Relational
(C) Logical
(D) Increment
Answer:
(A) Assignment

Question 131.
__________ operator is used to assign value of an expression to a variable.
(A) Assignment
(B) Relational
(C) Logical
(D) Increment
Answer:
(A) Assignment

Question 132.
__________ operators are used to check conditions or comparison of operands.
(A) Assignment
(B) Relational
(C) Logical
(D) Increment
Answer:
(B) Relational

Question 133.
__________ operators are used to verifying more than one condition at a time or to negate the condition.
(A) Assignment
(B) Relational
(C) Logical
(D) Increment
Answer:
(C) Logical

Question 134.
__________ (++) operator in JavaScript is used to increment value of variable by one.
(A) Assignment
(B) Relational
(C) Logical
(D) Increment
Answer:
(D) Increment

Question 135.
__________ operator in JavaScript is used to decrement value of variable by one.
(A) Assignment
(B) Relational
(C) Logical
(D) Decrement
Answer:
(D) Decrement

Question 136.
___________ are non-executable statements in program.
(A) Comments
(B) Mistakes
(C) Java
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Comments

Question 137.
___________ are used to provide information or explanation about your programming construct.
(A) Comments
(B) Mistakes
(C) Java
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Comments

Question 138.
Statements added in ___________ are ignored by JavaScript.
(A) Comments
(B) Mistakes
(C) Java
(D) Python
Answer:
(A) Comments

Question 139.
___________ is used to perform repetitive tasks whenever required.
(A) Function
(B) parseInt()
(C) parseFloat()
(D) alert()
Answer:
(A) Function

Question 140.
___________ is reusable codeblock that will be executed when it is called.
(A) Function
(B) parseInt()
(C) parseFloat()
(D) alert()
Answer:
(A) Function

Question 141.
___________ function is used to parse a string and convert it into a number.
(A) Function
(B) parseInt()
(C) parseFloat()
(D) alert()
Answer:
(B) parseInt()

Question 142.
___________ function is used to parse a string and convert it into floating point representation.
(A) Function
(B) parseInt()
(C) parseFloat()
(D) alert()
Answer:
(C) parseFloat()

Question 143.
___________ function displays alert popup box with ok button. This is also called as a message box.
(A) Function
(B) parselnt()
(C) parseFloat()
(D) alert()
Answer:
(D) alert()

Question 144.
___________ function is used when you want input value from user at the time of program execution.
(A) prompt()
(B) confirm()
(C) toLowerCase()
(D) toUpperCase()
Answer:
(A) prompt()

Question 145.
___________ function displays confirmation message box with ok and cancel button.
(A) prompt()
(B) confirm()
(C) toLowerCase()
(D) toUpperCase()
Answer:
(B) confirm()

Question 146.
___________ string function used to convert the given string into lower case alphabets.
(A) prompt()
(B) confirm()
(C) toLowerCase()
(D) toUpperCase()
Answer:
(C) toLowerCase()

Question 147.
___________ string function is used to convert given string into uppercase alphabets.
(A) prompt()
(B) confirm()
(C) toLowerCase()
(D) toUpperCase()
Answer:
(D) toUpperCase()

Question 148.
___________ returns ‘true’ if given value is not a number. It returns ‘false’ if given value is number.
(A) prompt()
(B) confirm()
(C) toLowerCase()
(D) isNaN()
Answer:
(D) isNaN()

Question 149.
A ___________ in any scripting and programming language is a small part of a program that we require again and again.
(A) Function
(B) Gmail
(C) Hotmail
(D) Program
Answer:
(A) Function

Question 150.
A ___________ is a subprogram designed to perform a particular task.
(A) Function
(B) Gmail
(C) Hotmail
(D) Program
Answer:
(A) Function

Question 151.
___________ can be called either by an event or by giving call to that function.
(A) Function
(B) Gmail
(C) Hotmail
(D) Program
Answer:
(A) Function

Question 152.
___________ is an event-driven language.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Event
(C) Function
(D) Driven
Answer:
(A) JavaScript

Question 153.
___________ is an action done by the user or an application.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Event
(C) Function
(D) Driven
Answer:
(B) Event

Question 154.
___________ lets you execute a code when events are detected.
(A) JavaScript
(B) Event
(C) Function
(D) Driven
Answer:
(A) JavaScript

Question 155.
___________ when user moves the mouse away from an element.
(A) onMouseOut
(B) onClick
(C) onMouseOver
(D) onMouseUp
Answer:
(A) onMouseOut

Question 156.
___________ when user clicks an element.
(A) onMouseOut
(B) onClick
(C) onMouseOver
(D) OnMouseUp
Answer:
(B) onClick

Question 157.
___________ when user moves the mouse over an element.
(A) onMouseOut
(B) onClick
(C) onMouseOver
(D) OnMouseUp
Answer:
(C) onMouseOver

Question 158.
___________ when user releases a mouse button over an element.
(A) onMouseOut
(B) onClick
(C) onMouseOver
(D) OnMouseUp
Answer:
(D) onMouseUp

4. Multiple Choice Two Correct Answers.

Question 1.
The standards and formats for presenting __________ and __________ on the internet are developed and approved by world wide web governing authorities.
(A) web pages
(B) Text
(C) graphics
(D) websites
(E) text editor
Answer:
(B) Text, (C) graphics

Question 2.
A web browser is a software used to view __________ or __________ available on the internet.
(A) web pages
(B) Text
(C) graphics
(D) websites
(E) text editor
Answer:
(A) web pages, (D) websites

Question 3.
HyperText Transfer Protocol documents are created in any __________ for and can be run(executed) on any computer that has a __________
(A) web pages
(B) Text
(C) graphics
(D) text editor
(E) web browser
Answer:
(D) text editor, (E) web browser

Question 4.
Every HTML page is enclosed within two tags __________ and __________
(A) Head
(B) body
(C) <html>
(D) Container tags
(E) </html>
Answer:
(C) <html>, (E) </html>

Question 5.
The page is divided into two sections internally __________ section and __________ section.
(A) Head
(B) body
(C) <html>
(D) Container tags
(E) </html>
Answer:
(A) Head, (B) body

Question 6.
HTML tags are categorized as _________ & __________
(A) Beginning
(B) Container tags
(C) End
(D) Empty tags
(E) Standalone
Answer:
(B) Container tags, (D) Empty tags

Question 7.
Container Tags have a __________ tag and an __________ tag.
(A) Beginning
(B) Container tags
(C) End
(D) Empty tags
(E) Standalone
Answer:
(A) Beginning, (C) End

Question 8.
Empty tags are __________ tags and do not have an __________ tag.
(A) Beginning
(B) Container tags
(C) Standalone
(D) End
(E) Empty Tag
Answer:
(C) Standalone, (D) End

Question 9.
_________ and __________ tag indicates that the document is an html file.
(A) Head
(B) body
(C) <html>
(D) Container tags
(E) </html>
Answer:
(C) <html>, (E) </html>

Question 10.
____________ and __________ includes <Title> within it. the text within <head> is not displayed on the webpage.
(A) Head
(B) body
(C) <head>
(D) Container tags
(E) </head>
Answer:
(C) <head>, (E) </head>

Question 11.
__________ and __________ content within this tag is displayed on the title bar.
(A) Head
(B) body
(C) <title>
(D) Container tags
(E) </title>
Answer:
(C) <title>, (E) </title>

Question 12.
__________ and __________ tag includes all content which is to be developed in the web browser.
(A) Head
(B) body
(C) <body>
(D) Container tags
(E) </body>
Answer:
(C) <body>, (E) </body>

Question 13.
<footer> defines a footer for a __________ or a __________
(A) Document
(B) Section
(C) Rows
(D) Columns
(E) Tags
Answer:
(A) Document, (B) Section

Question 14.
A table is made up of __________ and __________
(A) Document
(B) Section
(C) Rows
(D) Columns
(E) Tags
Answer:
(C) Rows, (D) Columns

Question 15.
The __________ and __________ used to create a table.
(A) Document
(B) Section
(C) Rows
(D) Tags
(E) Attributes
Answer:
(D) Tags, (E) Attributes

Question 16.
A Hyperlink by default appears __________ in colour with an __________
(A) Get
(B) Blue
(C) Underline
(D) Post
(E) Text
Answer:
(B) Blue, (C) Underline

Question 17.
The method attribute specifies __________ or __________ method to be used when submitting the form data.
(A) Get
(B) Blue
(C) Underline
(D) Post
(E) Text
Answer:
(A) Get, (D) Post

Question 18.
Method of form are __________ or __________
(A) Get
(B) Blue
(C) Underline
(D) Post
(E) Text
Answer:
(A) Get, (D) Post

Question 19.
Maxlength attribute is used with __________ and __________ type.
(A) Get
(B) Blue
(C) Underline
(D) Text
(E) Password
Answer:
(D) Text, (E) Password

Question 20.
Maxlength specifies the maximum number of characters which can be entered in a __________ or __________ box.
(A) Get
(B) Blue
(C) Underline
(D) Text
(E) Password
Answer:
(D) Text, (E) Password

Question 21.
The ‘Size’ attribute can be used with __________ and __________ type.
(A) Get
(B) Blue
(C) Underline
(D) Text
(E) Password
Answer:
(D) Text, (E) Password

Question 22.
The ‘Checked’ attribute specifies the default selection for options in a __________ or __________ button.
(A) Checkbox
(B) Selected
(C) Radio
(D) Value
(E) Client
Answer:
(A) Checkbox, (C) Radio

Question 23.
The attributes of <option> tag are __________ & __________
(A) Checkbox
(B) Selected
(C) Radio
(D) Value
(E) Client
Answer:
(B) Selected, (D) Value

Question 24.
JavaScript can be use for __________ side or __________ side scripting language.
(A) Checkbox
(B) Selected
(C) Radio
(D) Client
(E) Server
Answer:
(D) Client, (E) Server

Question 25.
Number data type can hold __________ as well as __________ values.
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) True
(D) False
(E) Logical
Answer:
(A) Positive, (B) Negative

Question 26.
Boolean Type represents only two values ‘__________’ and ‘__________’.
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) True
(D) False
(E) Logical
Answer:
(C) True, (D) False

Question 27.
Operators are used to do __________ and __________ operations.
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) True
(D) Arithmetic
(E) Logical
Answer:
(D) Arithmetic, (E) Logical

Question 28.
Java script supports two types of comments __________ & __________
(A) Ok
(B) Single line comment
(C) Cancel
(D) Multiline Comment
(E) Programming
Answer:
(B) Single line comment, (D) Multiline Comment

Question 29.
Confirm() function displays confirmation message box with __________ and __________ button.
(A) Ok
(B) Single line comment
(C) Cancel
(D) Multiline comment
(E) Programming
Answer:
(A) Ok, (C) Cancel

Question 30.
A Function in any __________ and __________ languages is small part of program that we require again and again.
(A) Ok
(B) Single line comment
(C) Cancel
(D) Scripting
(E) Programming
Answer:
(D) Scripting, (E) Programming

Question 31.
Functions can be called either by an __________ or by giving __________ to that function.
(A) Event
(B) User
(C) Application
(D) Call
(E) Attributes
Answer:
(A) Event, (D) Call

Question 32.
Event is an action done by the __________ or an __________
(A) Event
(B) User
(C) Application
(D) Call
(E) Attributes
Answer:
(B) User, (C) Application

5. Multiple Choice Three Correct Answers.

Question 1.
The popular extensions of image file are __________, __________ and __________
(A) Left
(B) Png
(C) Right
(D) Jpg
(E) Gif
Answer:
(B) Png, (D) Jpg, (E) Gif

Question 2.
It aligns the table either to the __________, __________ or __________
(A) Left
(B) Png
(C) Right
(D) Center
(E) Gif
Answer:
(A) Left, (C) Right, (D) Center

Question 3.
__________, __________, __________ tags can have bgcolor attribute for specifying background color to a row or a column respectively.
(A) <tr>
(B) <th>
(C) <td>
(D) Name
(E) Size
Answer:
(A) <tr>, (B) <th>, (C) <td>

Question 4.
The attributes of <select> tag are __________, __________ & __________
(A) Name
(B) Alphabets
(C) Multiple
(D) Numbers
(E) Size
Answer:
(A) Name, (C) Multiple, (E) Size

Question 5.
When we store information it is in the form of __________, __________ or __________ values.
(A) Name
(B) Alphabets
(C) Multiple
(D) Numbers
(E) Alphanumeric
Answer:
(B) Alphabets, (D) Numbers, (E) Alphanumeric

Question 6.
In JavaScript null is, just a value which means “__________”, “__________”, “__________”
(A) Nothing
(B) Empty
(C) Unknown
(D) Arithmetic
(E) Relational
Answer:
(A) Nothing, (B) Empty, (C) Unknown

Question 7.
Most of the operators can be divided into groups __________, __________ and __________ operators.
(A) Nothing
(B) Empty
(C) Arithmetic
(D) Relational
(E) Logical
Answer:
(C) Arithmetic, (D) Relational, (E) Logical

6. Match the following.

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) World Wide Web	(A) A collection of interlinked web page
(2) Webpage	(B) Web
(3) Website	(C) A simple text file created using HTML
(4) Web Browser	(D) A web browser is a software used to view web pages

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) World Wide Web	(B) Web
(2) Webpage	(C) A simple text file created using HTML
(3) Website	(A) A collection of interlinked web page
(4) Web Browser	(D) A web browser is a software used to view web pages

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Web Server	(A) A protocol used by WWW
(2) Uniform Resource Locator	(B) An application or a computer that sends webpages
(3) HyperText Transfer Protocol	(C) An address of a web page on the internet
(4) Hyper Text Markup Language	(D) Enables to write code for a webpage

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Web Server	(B) An application or a computer that sends webpages
(2) Uniform Resource Locator	(C) An address of a web page on the internet
(3) HyperText Transfer Protocol	(A) A protocol used by WWW
(4) Hyper Text Markup Language	(D) Enables to write code for a webpage

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Container Tags	(A) Defines a header
(2) Empty tags	(B) Paired tags
(3) <!DOCTYPE html>	(C) Standalone tags
(4) <header>	(D) A document type declaration

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Container Tags	(B) Paired tags
(2) Empty tags	(C) Standalone tags
(3) <!DOCTYPE html>	(D) A document type declaration
(4) <header>	(A) Defines a header

Question 4.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <nav>	(A) Defines a container
(2) <section>	(B) Defines an independent self-contained article
(3) <article>	(C) Defines a section
(4) <aside>	(D) Defines content apart from the content

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <nav>	(A) Defines a container
(2) <section>	(C) Defines a section
(3) <article>	(B) Defines an independent self-contained article
(4) <aside>	(D) Defines content apart from the content

Question 5.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <footer>	(A) Defines additional details
(2) <details>	(B) Displays text within it in italicized manner
(3) <b>	(C) Displays text within it in Bold
(4) <i>	(D) Defines a footer

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <footer>	(D) Defines a footer
(2) <details>	(A) Defines additional details
(3) <b>	(C) Displays text within it in Bold
(4) <i>	(B) Displays text within it in italicized manner

Question 6.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <u>	(A) Displays text with underline
(2) <small>	(B) Displays text in subscript form
(3) <sub>	(C) Displays text in small font size
(4) <ins>	(D) Anything that appears within <ins>…</ins> element is displayed as inserted text

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <u>	(A) Displays text with underline
(2) <small>	(C) Displays text in small font size
(3) <sub>	(B) Displays text in subscript form
(4) <ins>	(D) Anything that appears within

Question 7.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <del>	(A) Smallest heading level
(2) <mark>	(B) Largest heading level
(3) <H1>	(C) The HTML element defines marked or highlighted text
(4) <H6>	(D) Anything that appears within <del>…</del>… element, is displayed as deleted text

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <del>	(D) Anything that appears within <del>…</del>… element, is displayed as deleted text
(2) <mark>	(C) The HTML element defines marked or highlighted text
(3) <H1>	(B) Largest heading level
(4) <H6>	(A) Smallest heading level

Question 8.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1)  <IMG> tag	(A) Specifies the width of the image
(2) src	(B) It is used to specify the path of an image file
(3) Height	(C) Specifies the height of the image
(4) Width	(D) Insert an image

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1)  <IMG> tag	(D) Insert an image
(2) src	(B) It is used to specify the path of an image file
(3) Height	(C) Specifies the height of the image
(4) Width	(A) Specifies the width of the image

Question 9.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) alt	(A) It is referred to as alternate text
(2) <HR> tag	(B) Define paragraphs
(3) <P> tag	(C) Display horizontal ruled line
(4) table	(D) Rows and column

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) alt	(A) It is referred as alternate text
(2) <HR> tag	(C) Display horizontal ruled line
(3) <P> tag	(B) Define paragraphs
(4) table	(D) Rows and column

Question 10.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <table>	(A) It indicates table heading
(2) <caption>	(B) It is used to speedy a table heading
(3) <tr>	(C) Create each row of the table
(4) <th>	(D) It is used to indicate creation of a table

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <table>	(D) It is used to indicate creation of a table
(2) <caption>	(B) It is used to speedy a table heading
(3) <tr>	(C) Create each row of the table
(4) <th>	(A) It indicates table heading

Question 11.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <td>	(A) It specifies data within the table
(2) Border	(B) Aligns the table
(3) Border color	(C) Displays border in a specific color
(4) Align	(D) Display a border

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <td>	(A) It specifies data within the table
(2) Border	(D) Display a border
(3) Border color	(C) Displays border in a specific color
(4) Align	(B) Aligns the table

Question 12.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Bgcolor	(A) Creates a checkbox
(2) <Input type =”text”>	(B) Creates a one line textbox
(3) <Input type =”radio”>	(C) Creates a radio button
(4) <Input type =”checkbox”>	(D) Sets the background color

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Bgcolor	(D) Sets the background color
(2) <Input type =”text”>	(B) Creates a one line textbox
(3) <Input type =”radio”>	(C) Creates a radio button
(4) <Input type =”checkbox”>	(A) Creates a checkbox

Question 13.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <Input type =”submit”>	(A) Displays a button for submitting
(2) <Input type =”password”>	(B) The reset control clears the text content
(3) <Input type =”reset”>	(C) Create text contents in the form of ‘*’asterik or ‘ . ‘ disc
(4) <Input type =”button”>	(D) Displays push button

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) <Input type =”submit”>	(A) Displays a button for submitting
(2) <Input type =”password”>	(C) Create text contents in the form of ‘*’asterik or ‘ . ‘ disc
(3) <Input type =”reset”>	(B) The reset control clears the text content
(4) <Input type =”button”>	(D) Displays push button

Question 14.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Number type	(A) Division by 0
(2) String Type	(B) Storing text
(3) Boolean Type	(C) ‘True’ and ‘False’
(4) Infinity	(D) ‘Number’ data type

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Number type	(D) ‘Number’ data type
(2) String Type	(B) Storing text
(3) Boolean Type	(C) ‘True’ and ‘False’
(4) Infinity	(A) Division by 0

Question 15.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Null	(A) “Nothing”, “Empty”, “Unknown”
(2) Undefined	(B) Arithmetic and logical operations
(3) Operators	(C) Variable which is declared but not assigned
(4) One operand	(D) Unary operator

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Null	(A) “Nothing”, “Empty”, “Unknown”
(2) Undefined	(C) Variable which is declared but not assigned
(3) Operators	(B) Arithmetic and logical operations
(4) One operand	(D) Unary operator

Question 16.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Two operands	(A) Mathematical expressions
(2) Arithmetic operators	(B) Binary operator
(3) Relational operators	(C) Check conditions or comparison of operands
(4) Comments	(D) Non-executable statements

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Two operands	(B) Binary operator
(2) Arithmetic operators	(A) Mathematical expressions
(3) Relational operators	(C) Check conditions or comparison of operands
(4) Comments	(D) Non-executable statements

Question 17.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) ParseInt()	(A) Number
(2) ParseFloat()	(B) Floating point
(3) Alert()	(C) Displays ok and cancel buttons
(4) Prompt()	(D) Message box

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) ParseInt()	(A) Number
(2) ParseFloat()	(B) Floating point
(3) Alert()	(D) Message box
(4) Prompt()	(C) Displays ok and cancel buttons

Question 18.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Confirm()	(A) Function displays a confirmation message box
(2) toLowerCase()	(B) Convert the given string into lower case alphabets
(3) toUpperCase()	(C) Convert given string into uppercase alphabets
(4) onMouseOut	(D) When the user moves the mouse away from an element

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Confirm()	(A) Function displays a confirmation message box
(2) toLowerCase()	(B) Convert the given string into lower case alphabets
(3) toUpperCase()	(C) Convert given string into uppercase alphabets
(4) onMouseOut	(D) When the user moves the mouse away from an element

Question 19.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) onClick	(A) When the user presses a key
(2) onMouseOver	(B) When the user moves the mouse over an element
(3) onMouseUp	(C) When the user releases a mouse button over an element
(4) onKeyDown	(D) When a user clicks an element
(5) onKeyUp	(E) When the user releases key

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) onClick	(D) When a user clicks an element
(2) onMouseOver	(B) When the user moves the mouse over an element
(3) onMouseUp	(C) When the user releases a mouse button over an element
(4) onKeyDown	(A) When the user presses a key
(5) onKeyUp	(E) When the user releases key

7. Answer Briefly.

Question 1.
What is Internet?
Answer:

1. Online resources have become a part of our day-to-day life.
2. The Internet is a powerful medium to transmit information.
3. The pages of the information displayed on the internet are referred to as Webpages.
4. The standards and formats for presenting text and graphics on the internet are developed and approved by worldwide web governing authorities.
5. The growing demand for attractive presentation of information using electronic means gave rise to the invention of Websites.

Question 2.
Discuss the Components of the web.
Answer:

1. WWW stands for world wide web.
2. WWW stands for world wide web normally referred to as Web.
3. The webpage is a simple text file created using HTML.
4. A website is a collection of interlinked web pages containing text, images, audio, and videos.
5. A web browser is software used to view web pages or websites available on the internet.
6. A Web server is an application or a computer that sends webpages over the internet using the HTTP protocol.
7. The functionality of the website is managed by the webserver.
8. The full form of URL is Uniform Resource Locator.
9. Uniform Resource Locator is an address of a web page on the internet.
10. The web pages are retrieved from the original location with the help of a Uniform Resource Locator.
11. The full form of HTTP is HyperText Transfer Protocol.
12. HyperText Transfer Protocol is a protocol used by WWW for client-server communication.
13. The full form of HTML is HyperText Markup Language.
14. HyperText Markup Language enables to write code for a webpage.
15. All the web pages in a website are linked with one another, with the help of Hypertext Links.

Question 3.
What is HTML?
Answer:

1. HyperText Markup Language is a standard language for developing and creating interactive websites, introduced by Tim Berners Lee.
2. HyperText Markup Language documents are created in any text editor and can be run(executed) on any computer that has a web browser.
3. HyperText Markup Language is compatible with most web browsers.

Question 4.
Write down the classification of HTML Tags.
Answer:
HTML tags are categorized as Container tags & Empty tags

1. Container Tags are also called paired tags.
2. Container Tags have a beginning tag and an end tag.
3. Empty Tags are standalone tags and do not have an end tag.

Question 5.
Discuss the structure of a web page using HTML5.
Answer:

1. <header> defines a header for a document or a section.
2. <nav> defines a container for navigation links.
3. <seetion> defines a section in a document.
4. <article> defines an independent self-contained article.
5. <aside> defines content apart from the content (like a sidebar).
6. <footer> defines a footer for a document or a section.
7. <details> defines additional details.

Question 6.
Explain the Text formatting element.
Answer:

1. Text formatting is used to make a document look attractive thereby enhancing its appearance.
2. <b> displays text within it in Bold like Hello.
3. <i> displays text within it in an italicized manner like Hello.
4. <u> displays text with an underline like Hello.
5. <small> displays text in small font size.
6. <sub> displays text in subscript form.
7. <sup> displays text in superscript form.
8. The HTML <mark> element defines marked or highlighted text.

Question 7.
Explain Heading levels.
Answer:

1. HTML provides six levels of heading tags.
2. The <H1> tag displays text in bold and with the largest heading level.
3. The <H6> tag displays text in the smallest heading level.

Question 8.
Explain Inserting an image, a horizontal ruled line, and a paragraph.
Answer:

1. <IMG> tag is used to insert an image within a webpage.
2. src is used to specify the path of an image file.
3. Height specifies the height of the image in pixels.
4. Width specifies the width of the image in pixels.
5. Alt is referred to as alternate text.
6. <IMG> is an empty tag.
7. <hr> tag is used to display horizontal ruled line.
8. color sets the color for the horizontal ruled line.
9. Width specifies the length of the ruled line in % or pixels.
10. Size sets the thickness of a ruled line.
11. <P> tag is used to define paragraphs.

Question 9.
Write a note on creating a table.
Answer:

1. A Table is made up of rows and columns.
2. <table> is used to indicate the creation of a table.
3. <caption> is used to specify a table heading.
4. <tr> tag is used to create each row of the table.
5. <th> indicates table heading.
6. <td> specifies data within the table (cell content).

Question 10.
Discuss the attributes of the table.
Answer:

1. A border attribute is required to display a border for the entire table.
2. Border color displays borders in a specific color.
3. Aligns the table either to the left, right, or center.
4. Bgcolor sets the background color for the table.

Question 11.
Explain Creating hyperlinks in a web page and HTML Link colors.
Answer:

1. Hyperlinks are used to connect one document with another document.
2. In HTML, Links are created by using <a> tag.
3. A Hyperlink by default appears blue in colour with an underline.
4. A Visited link is underlined and purple.
5. An Active link is underlined and blue.

Question 12.
Discuss the Forms in HTML.
Answer:

1. Forms in HTML are used to accept user input.
2. A Form is a collection of different elements also called controls.
3. Name attributes specifies a name to a form.
4. The Action attribute specifies the path where the form is to be submitted.
5. The Method attribute specifies the get or post method to be used when submitting the form data.
6. The default method of submitting form data is GET.
7. The data submitted by using GET is visible in the address bar.
8. The POST method of sending data does not display the form data in the address bar.

Question 13.
Explain the <Input> tag and type of control.
Answer:

1. <Input type = “text”> creates a one-line Textbox.
2. <Input type = “radio”> creates a Radio button.
3. The Radio button allows one option selection against multiple choices.
4. <Input type = “checkbox’^ creates a Checkbox.
5. A checkbox allows more than one selection against multiple choices.
6. <Input type = “submit”> displays a button for Submitting the form data to a server.
7. The Password input type is used to create text contents in the form of ‘*’ asterisk or ‘•’ disc.
8. The Reset control clears the text content entered in the form.
9. <Input type = “Button.”> displays push button which activates on events.

Question 14.
Write down the attributes of <Input>.
Answer:

1. The type describes the name of the control like text radio.
2. The Name attribute is a user-defined value.
3. Maxlength attribute is used with text and password type.
4. Max length specifies the maximum number of characters that can be entered in a text or password box.
5. The ‘Size’ attribute can be used with text and password type.
6. Size specifies the width of the text box.
7. The ‘Checked’ attribute specifies the default selection for options in a checkbox or radio button.
8. The ‘Value’ attribute can be used with text, checkbox, radio, submit or reset.

Question 15.
Explain <Textarea> tag and its attribute.
Answer:

1. The <Textarea> tag is used to create a textbox with multiple lines.
2. Name is used to specify a name for the textarea.
3. Rows specify the number of lines in a text area.
4. Cols specify the width of a text area.
5. Max length specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in the textarea.
6. Placeholder specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of a textarea.
7. Required specifies that textarea must be filled out. i.e. It can not be blank.

Question 16.
Explain the attributes of <select> and <option> tag.
Answer:

1. <select> tag is used to create drop-down list.
2. Name assigns a name to the control.
3. Multiple allows the user to select more than one value.
4. The Size attribute is used to specify the number of visible values.
5. To define the preselected option, the ‘Selected‘ attribute is added to the <option>.
6. Value assigns value to the option specified in the dropdown list.

Question 17.
Write down Scripting in HTML.
Answer:

1. JavaScript was initially created to make web pages alive.
2. A Script is a list of commands that are executed by a scripting engine.
3. Scripts are used to generate dynamic Web pages on the Web.
4. JavaScript can be used for the client-side or server-side scripting language.
5. JavaScript code can be inserted in HTML program between <script> and </script> tag.
6. The language attribute is used to set scripting language.

Question 18.
Explain Variables.
Answer:

1. A Variable is a basic unit of storage in a JavaScript program.
2. The variable name may consist of alphabets, digits and underscore, and dollar characters with the following rules.
3. Standard keywords are not allowed as Variable names.
4. Variable names can be limited to up to 255 characters.
5. Variable name in javascript is declared with keyword ‘var’.

Question 19.
Explain Data Types.
Answer:

1. JavaScript provides data types to store and use different types of values.
2. Numerical value specially belongs to the ‘Number’ data type.
3. Number data types can hold positive as well as negative values.
4. Strings are used for storing text.
5. Boolean type represents only two values ‘true’ and ‘false’.
6. JavaScript returns ‘Undefined’ when a variable is declared but not assigned.

Question 20.
Discuss Operators and types of Operators.
Answer:

1. Operators are used to doing arithmetic and logical operations.
2. Operators that require one operand is called as Unary operator.
3. Operators that require two operands are called Binary operators.
4. Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions.
5. It is important to know that the Assignment operator is not ‘equal to’ operator.
6. The assignment operator is used to assign the value of an expression to a variable.
7. Relational operators are used to checking conditions or comparisons of operands.
8. Logical operators are used to verifying more than one condition at a time or to negate the condition.
9. The increment (++) operator in JavaScript is used to increment the value of the variable by one.
10. Decrement operator in JavaScript is used to decrement the value of the variable by one.

Question 21.
Explain Comments in JavaScript.
Answer:

1. Comments are non-executable statements in the program.
2. Comments are used to provide information or explanation about your programming construct.
3. Statements added in Comments are ignored by JavaScript.

Question 22.
What is Function and commonly used Built-In Functions in JavaScript?
Answer:

1. The function is used to perform repetitive tasks whenever required.
2. The function is a reusable code block that will be executed when it is called.
3. parselnt() function is used to parse a string and convert it into a number
4. parseFloat() function is used to parse a string and convert it into floating-point representation.
5. alert() function displays an alert popup box with an ok button. This is also called a message box
6. prompt() function is used when you want input value from the user at the time of program execution.
7. confirm() function displays a confirmation message box with ok and cancels button
8. toLowerCase() string function used to convert the given string into lower case alphabets
9. toUpperCase() string function is used to convert given string into uppercase alphabets
10. isNaN() returns ‘true’ if given value is not a number. It returns ‘false’ if the given value is a number.

Question 23.
What are User Defined Functions?
Answer:

1. A Function in any scripting and programming language is small part of a program that we require again and again.
2. A Function is a subprogram designed to perform a particular task.
3. Functions can be called either by an event or by giving a call to that function.

Question 24.
Explain Event Handling.
Answer:

1. JavaScript is an event-driven language.
2. An event is an action done by the user or an application.
3. JavaScript lets you execute a code when events are detected.

Question 25.
Explain Event Handler.
Answer:

1. onMouseOut when the user moves the mouse away from an element.
2. onClick when the user clicks an element.
3. onMouseOver when the user moves the mouse over an element.
4. onMouseUp when the user releases a mouse button over an element.

8A. Write Codes in HTML.

Question 1.
My First Page in HTML
Answer:
<html>
<head>
<title> First Page </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor = green >
<font color=”red” size=”20″> This is my first web page
</body>
</html>

Question 2.
Write the the HTML Program which contains Text Formatting Elements.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example of HTML5 text formatting tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<b>This text is bold</b><br><br>
<i>This text is italic</i><br><br>
<mark>This text is marked</ mark><br><br>
This is _subscript and ^superscript<br><br>
<ins>This text is inserted to the document</ins><br><br>
<del>This text is deleted from the document</del><br><br>
</body>
</html>

Question 3.
Write down the HTML program which provides six levels of the heading tags.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Heading levels</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=skyblue>
<H1>Heading level 1 Text is largest in size</H1>
<H2>Heading level 2</H2>
<H3>Heading level 3</H3>
<H4>Heading level 4</H4>
<H5>Heading level 5</H5>
<H6>Heading level 6 Text is smallest in size</H6>
</body>
</html>

Question 4.
Create a table in HTML which contains 4 rows and 3 columns.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Table with 4 rows and 3 columns</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border=”2″>
<tr>
<th>Sr. No.</th>
<th>Input Device</th>
<th>Output Device</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Keyboard</td>
<td>Monitor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Mouse</td>
<td>Printer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td> Joystick</td>
<td>Plotter</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body></html>

Question 5.
Create a table in HTML with rowspan attribute.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Table with rowspan attribute</title>
</head><body>
<table border=”3″>
<tr>
<td rowspan=2>Colors</td>
<td bgcolor=red>Red</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=green>Green</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Question 6.
Create a table in HTML with col span attribute.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Table with colspan</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border =”3″>
<tr>
<td colspan=”2″ align=”center”> Colors </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor=red>Red</td>
<td bgcolor=green>Green</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Question 7.
Create a Form with input elements in HTML.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Form with Input elements</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”orange”>
<h1>use of form</h1>
<form>
Enter your name
<input type=”text” Name-‘n1″ max length=”20″><Br>
Enter your standard:
<input type=”radio” name=”r1″ value =”11″>
11^th
<input type=”radio” name=”r1″ value=”12″>
12^th<br>
Choose your optional subjects : <br>
<input type=”checkbox” name=”c1″ Value=”Hindi”>Hindi<br>
<input type=”checkbox” name=”c1″ Value=”German”>German<br>
<input type=”checkbox” name=”c1″ Value=”Biology”>Biology<br>
<input type=”checkbox” name=”c1″ Value=”IT”>IT<br>
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit”><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Question 8.
Create a Form element and textarea in HTML.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Form elements and textarea</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor = “cyan” text=”Red”>
<h1> Use of form elements </h1>
<form method = “post” action = “data.php”>
Enter your name:
<input type = “text” name = “fn”> <br>
Select your city :
<select name=”ct”>
<option>Pune</option>
<option>Nagpur</option>
<option>Solapur</option>
</select><br>
Enter your address: <textarea name = “address” rows = “3” cols = “30”placeholder = “your address” required>
</textarea> <br>
<input type = “submit” value = “send”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Question 9.
Write down the HTML 5 program it includes semantic tags like header, footer & nav.
Answer:
<!Doctype Html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Html 5 program it includes semantic tags like header, footer & nav </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=yellow>
<header>
<h1>HTML5 includes new semantics</h1>
<p>It includes semantic tags like header, footer, nav </header>
<header>
<h1>Example of complete HTML5 Basics</h1>
<h2>The markup of the future under development.</h2>
</header>
<nav>
<h1><p>The nav element represents a section of navigation links. It is suitable for either site navigation or a table of contents.</p></h1>
<a href=”/”>http://www.gmail.com</a><br><a href=”http://www.facebook.com”>Facebook website</a><br>
</nav>
<aside>
<h1>Other education based websites of State</h1>
<a href=”http://mahahsscboard.ac.in”>State Board website</a><br>
<a href=”http://examinfo.mhhsc.ac.in”>Online Exam Website<a/><br>
</aside>
<section>
<h1>Impressive Web Designing</h1>
<p>The aside element is for content that is tangentially related to the content around it, and is typically useful for marking up sidebars.</p></section><section> <h1>Articles on:Article tag</h1>
</section>
<article>
<p>The article element represents an independent section of a document, page or site. It is suitable for content like news or blog articles, forum posts or individual comments.</p>
</article>
<footer>© 2020 Reliable.</footer>
</body>
</html>

8B. Write a program in Javascript.

Question 1.
Write a JavaScript program to calculate the multiplication of two numbers.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>multiplication of two numbers</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”yellow”>
<h1>Program to calculate multiplication of two numbers </h1>
<script language=”javascript”>
var a,b,c;
a=75; b=100.45;
c=a*b;
document.write(“<br><h1>multiplication of two numbers : “+c+”</h1>”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Question 2.
Write a program to calculate the area of a circle.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Area of circle</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=yellow>
<h1> Program to calculate area of circle </h1>
<script language=”javascript”>
var r,area;
r=prompt(“Enter the radius of circle”);
area=3.14*r*r;
document.write(“<h1>you entered radius value: </h1>” +r);
document.write(“<h1>Area of circle is: </h1>”+area);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Question 3.
Write a Program to check number is even or odd.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Program to check number is even or odd</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”green”>
<h1> Program to check number is even or odd </h1>
<script language=”javascript”> var a,b
a=prompt(“Enter your value:-“);
b=parseInt(a);
// input is converted into number data type
if(b%2==0)
alert(“Number is even”); else
alert(“Number is odd”);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Question 4.
Write a Java Script Program which contains Conditional Statement.
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>conditional statement</title>
<script language=”javascript”>
function check()
{
var age;
age=form1.t1.value;
if(age>=18)
alert(“Qualifies for driving”);
else
alert(”Does not qualifies for driving”);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name=”form 1″>
<center>Enter your age:-<input type=”text” name=”t1″><br><br>
<input type=”button” value=”SUBMIT” onClick=”check()”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS

1. Fill in the Blanks.

Question 1.
A ___________ often abbreviated as DB.
Answer:
Database

Question 2.
___________ is collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
Database

Question 3.
Full for of DBMS is ___________
Answer:
Database Management System

Question 4.
A ___________ is a software for creating and managing databases.
Answer:
Database Management System

Question 5.
The ___________ provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
Answer:
Database Management System

Question 6.
___________ holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
CHAR

Question 7.
___________ holds a variable length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
VARCHAR

Question 8.
___________ can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
Answer:
DECIMAL

Question 9.
___________ is used for storing integer values.
Answer:
INT

Question 10.
___________ holds the date including day, month and year.
Answer:
DATE

Question 11.
___________ holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.
Answer:
TIME()

Question 12.
This logical structure of database is known as a ___________
Answer:
Model

Question 13.
___________ define how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
Answer:
Data model

Question 14.
___________ describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
Answer:
Data model

Question 15.
___________ is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
Answer:
Relational data model

Question 16.
___________ is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.
Answer:
Relational data model

Question 17.
___________ ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
Answer:
Atomicity

Question 18.
___________ ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
Answer:
Consistency

Question 19.
___________ enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to each other.
Answer:
Isolation

Question 20.
___________ ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.
Answer:
Durability

Question 21.
RDBMS stands for ___________
Answer:
Relational Database Management System

Question 22.
In ___________ a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
Relational Database Management System

Question 23.
The ___________ is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
Answer:
Table

Question 24.
___________ consists of columns and rows.
Answer:
Table

Question 25.
A ___________ consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
Answer:
Database

Question 26.
___________ designer decides the name of the table and titles of columns.
Answer:
Database

Question 27.
A ___________ is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database.
Answer:
Record

Question 28.
Record is also called as a ___________
Answer:
Tuple

Question 29.
A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a ___________ of the table.
Answer:
Key

Question 30.
The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its ___________
Answer:
Primary Key

Question 31.
___________ is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.
Answer:
Foreign Key

Question 32.
___________ link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
Answer:
Relationships

Question 33.
A ___________ in the context of databases, is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.
Answer:
Relationship

Question 34.
In a ___________ relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
Answer:
One-to-One

Question 35.
___________ relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at it.
Answer:
One-to-Many

Question 36.
A ___________ relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.
Answer:
Many-to-Many

Question 37.
Full form of SQL is ___________
Answer:
Structured Query Language

Question 38.
___________ is the standard language for Relational Database Management System.
Answer:
Structured Query Language

Question 39.
Full form of DDL is ___________
Answer:
Data Definition Language

Question 40.
___________ statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
Answer:
Data Definition Language

Question 41.
Full form of DML is ___________
Answer:
Data Manipulation Language

Question 42.
___________ statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
Answer:
Data Manipulation Language

Question 43.
Full form of DCL is ___________
Answer:
Data Control Language

Question 44.
___________ is used to control user access in a database.
Answer:
Data Control Language

2. True or False.

Question 1.
A database is often abbreviated as DB.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Hardware is a collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The full form of DBMS is Database Management System.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
A Database Management System is software for creating and managing databases.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Information Technology provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
DECIMAL holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
False

Question 7.
VARCHAR holds a variable-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
True

Question 8.
CHAR can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
INT is used for storing integer values.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
TIME() holds the date including day, month, and year.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
DATE holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.
Answer:
False

Question 12.
This logical structure of the database is known as a computer.
Answer:
False

Question 13.
Information Technology defines how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
Answer:
False

Question 14.
The data model describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
Answer:
True

Question 15.
The relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
Answer:
True

Question 16.
The relational data model is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.
Answer:
True

Question 17.
Consistency ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
Answer:
False

Question 18.
Atomicity ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
Answer:
False

Question 19.
Isolation enables transactions to operate independently of and be transparent to each other.
Answer:
True

Question 20.
Durability ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.
Answer:
True

Question 21.
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
Answer:
True

Question 22.
In Relational Database Management System a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
True

Question 23.
The Table is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
Answer:
True

Question 24.
The table consists of columns and rows.
Answer:
True

Question 25.
A record consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
Answer:
False

Question 26.
The record designer decides the name of the table and the titles of columns.
Answer:
False

Question 27.
A Tuple is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database.
Answer:
False

Question 28.
Record is also called a Tuple.
Answer:
True

Question 29.
A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a Key of the table.
Answer:
True

Question 30.
The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its Primary Key.
Answer:
True

Question 31.
Foreign Key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.
Answer:
True

Question 32.
Relationships link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
Answer:
True

Question 33.
A Relationship in the context of databases is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.
Answer:
True

Question 34.
In a Many-to-Many relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
Answer:
False

Question 35.
One-to-Many relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at them.
Answer:
True

Question 36.
A One-to-One relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.
Answer:
False

Question 37.
The full form of SQL is Structured Query Language.
Answer:
True

Question 38.
Data Definition Language is the standard language for Relational Database Management System.
Answer:
False

Question 39.
The full form of DDL is Data Definition Language.
Answer:
True

Question 40.
Structured Query Language statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
Answer:
False

Question 41.
The full form of DML is Data Manipulation Language.
Answer:
True

Question 42.
Data Definition Language statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
Answer:
False

Question 43.
The full form of DCL is Data Control Language.
Answer:
True

Question 44.
Data Manipulation Language is used to control user access in a database.
Answer:
False

3. Multiple Choice Question (Single Choice)

Question 1.
A ___________ often abbreviated as DB.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Direct Bank
Answer:
(A) Database

Question 2.
___________ is a collection of interrelated data.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Direct Bank
Answer:
(A) Database

Question 3.
Full form of DBMS is ___________
(A) Database Machine System
(B) Direct Banking Management System
(C) Data Bank Management
(D) Database Management System
Answer:
(D) Database Management System

Question 4.
A ___________ is a software for creating and managing databases.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Database Management System
Answer:
(D) Database Management System

Question 5.
The ___________ provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Database Management System
Answer:
(D) Database Management System

Question 6.
___________ holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(A) CHAR

Question 7.
___________ holds a variable-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(B) VARCHAR

Question 8.
___________ can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(C) DECIMAL

Question 9.
___________ is used for storing integer values.
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(D) INT

Question 10.
___________ holds the date including day, month and year.
(A) DATE
(B) TIME()
(C) CHAR
(D) VARCHAR
Answer:
(A) DATE

Question 11.
___________ holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.
(A) DATE
(B) TIME()
(C) CHAR
(D) VARCHA
Answer:
(B) TIME()

Question 12.
This logical structure of database is known as a ___________
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(A) Model

Question 13.
___________ define how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(B) Data model

Question 14.
___________ describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(B) Data model

Question 15.
___________ is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(D) Relational data model

Question 16.
___________ is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(D) Relational data model

Question 17.
___________ ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(A) Atomicity

Question 18.
___________ ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(B) Consistency

Question 19.
___________ enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to each other.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(C) Isolation

Question 20.
___________ ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(D) Durability

Question 21.
RDBMS stands for ___________
(A) Relational Database Management System
(B) Regional Database Management System
(C) Recovery Database Management System
(D) Recovery Database Microsoft System
Answer:
(A) Relational Database Management System

Question 22.
In ___________ a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.
(A) Relational Database Management System
(B) Regional Database Management System
(C) Recovery Database Management System
(D) Recovery Database Microsoft System
Answer:
(A) Relational Database Management System

Question 23.
The ___________ is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(A) Table

Question 24.
___________ consists of columns and rows.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(A) Table

Question 25.
A ___________ consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(B) Database

Question 26.
___________ designer decides the name of the table and titles of columns.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(B) Database

Question 27.
A ___________ is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(C) Record

Question 28.
Record is also called as a ___________
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(D) Tuple

Question 29.
A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a ___________ of the table.
(A) Key
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(A) Key

Question 30.
The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its ___________
(A) Key
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(B) Primary Key

Question 31.
___________ is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.
(A) Key
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(C) Foreign Key

Question 32.
___________ link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
(A) Relationships
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(A) Relationships

Question 33.
A ___________ in the context of databases, is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.
(A) Relationship
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(A) Relationship

Question 34.
In a ___________ relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
(A) One-to-One
(B) One-to-Many
(C) Many-to-Many
(D) Database
Answer:
(A) One-to-One

Question 35.
___________ relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at it.
(A) One-to-One
(B) One-to-Many
(C) Many-to-Many
(D) Database
Answer:
(B) One-to-Many

Question 36.
A ___________ relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.
(A) One-to-One
(B) One-to-Many
(C) Many-to-Many
(D) Database
Answer:
(C) Many-to-Many

Question 37.
Full form of SQL is ___________
(A) Structured Query Language
(B) Structured Question Language
(C) Sequence Question Language
(D) Simple Query Language
Answer:
(A) Structured Query Language

Question 38.
___________ is the standard language for Relational Database Management System.
(A) Structured Query Language
(B) Structured Question Language
(C) Sequence Question Language
(D) Simple Query Language
Answer:
(A) Structured Query Language

Question 39.
Full form of DDL is ___________
(A) Data Definition Language
(B) Database Device Language
(C) Device Definition Language
(D) Data Division Language
Answer:
(A) Data Definition Language

Question 40.
___________ statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
(A) Data Definition Language
(B) Database Device Language
(C) Device Definition Language
(D) Data Division Language
Answer:
(A) Data Definition Language

Question 41.
Full form of DML is ___________
(A) Data Manipulation Language
(B) Data Machine Language
(C) Data Management Language
(D) Device Manipulation Language
Answer:
(A) Data Manipulation Language

Question 42.
___________ statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
(A) Data Manipulation Language
(B) Data Machine Language
(C) Data Management Language
(D) Device Manipulation Language
Answer:
(A) Data Manipulation Language

Question 43.
Full form of DCL is ___________
(A) Dynamic Control Language
(B) Data Control Language
(C) Data Control List
(D) Dynamic Control List
Answer:
(B) Data Control Language

Question 44.
___________ is used to control user access in a database.
(A) Dynamic Control Language
(B) Data Control Language
(C) Data Control List
(D) Dynamic Control List
Answer:
(B) Data Control Language

4. Multiple Choice Two Correct Answers.

Question 1.
A Database Management System is a software for ___________ and ___________ databases.
(A) Creating
(B) Storing
(C) Retrieving
(D) Managing
(E) Processing
Answer:
(A) Creating, (D) Managing

Question 2.
Data model describes the method of ___________ and ___________ the data.
(A) Creating
(B) Storing
(C) Retrieving
(D) Managing
(E) Processing
Answer:
(B) Storing, (C) Retrieving

Question 3.
Relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for ___________ and ___________
(A) Creating
(B) Storing
(C) Retrieving
(D) Data storage
(E) Processing
Answer:
(D) Data storage, (E) Processing

Question 4.
Relational data model is simple and has all the ___________ and ___________ required to process data with storage efficiency.
(A) Properties
(B) Capabilities
(C) Retrieving
(D) Data storage
(E) Processing
Answer:
(A) Properties, (B) Capabilities

Question 5.
A table consists of information which is stored under different headings, called as ___________ or ___________
(A) Properties
(B) Fields
(C) Capabilities
(D) Retrieving
(E) Columns
Answer:
(B) Fields, (E) Columns

Question 6.
Table consists of ___________ and ___________
(A) Properties
(B) Fields
(C) Capabilities
(D) Columns
(E) Rows
Answer:
(D) Columns, (E) Rows

Question 7.
A Database consists of one or more ___________ according to which ___________ is stored in a table.
(A) Tables
(B) Data
(C) Capabilities
(D) Columns
(E) Rows
Answer:
(A) Tables, (B) Data

Question 8.
Database designer decides the name of the ___________ and ___________ of columns.
(A) Schema
(B) Table
(C) Fields
(D) Titles
(E) Capabilities
Answer:
(B) Table, (D) Titles

Question 9.
Data Definition Language statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your ___________ or ___________
(A) Table
(B) Schema
(C) Fields
(D) Titles
(E) Capabilities
Answer:
(A) Table, (B) Schema

5. Multiple Choice Three Correct Answers.

Question 1.
Database Management System stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to ___________, ___________ and ___________
(A) Retrieve
(B) Hierarchical
(C) Manipulate
(D) Update Information
(E) Network
Answer:
(A) Retrieve, (C) Manipulate, (D) Update Information

Question 2.
There are different data models like ___________ model, ___________ model and ___________ model.
(A) Network
(B) Hierarchical
(C) Relational
(D) Retrieve
(E) Manipulate
Answer:
(A) Network, (B) Hierarchical, (C) Relational

Question 3.
There are 3 types of relationships in relational database design ___________, ___________ & ___________
(A) Retrieve
(B) Manipulate
(C) One-to-One
(D) One-to-Many (or Many-to-One)
(E) Many-to-Many
Answer:
(C) One-to-One, (D) One-to-Many (or Many-to-One), (E) Many-to-Many

Question 4.
SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for ___________, ___________ and ___________ data stored in a relational database.
(A) Relational
(B) Storing
(C) Manipulating
(D) Retrieving
(E) Network
Answer:
(B) Storing, (C) Manipulating, (D) Retrieving

6. Match the following.

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Database	(A) Raw facts
(2) Data	(B) Creating and managing databases
(3) Information	(C) Collection of interrelated data
(4) DBMS	(D) Processed data

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Database	(C) Collection of interrelated data
(2) Data	(A) Raw facts
(3) Information	(D) Processed data
(4) DBMS	(B) Creating and managing databases

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Advantages of DBMS	(A) Authorised users
(2) Data integrity	(B) Data is accurate and consistent
(3) Data Security	(C) Reducing Data Redundancy
(4) Backup and Recovery	(D) Restores the database

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Advantages of DBMS	(C) Reducing Data Redundancy
(2) Data integrity	(B) Data is accurate and consistent
(3) Data Security	(A) Authorised users
(4) Backup and Recovery	(D) Restores the database

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) CHAR	(A) It is used for storing integer values
(2) VARCHAR	(B) It can represent numbers
(3) DECIMAL	(C) Holds a variable-length string
(4) INT	(D) Holds a fixed-length string

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) CHAR	(D) Holds a fixed-length string
(2) VARCHAR	(C) Holds a variable-length string
(3) DECIMAL	(B) It can represent numbers
(4) INT	(A) It is used for storing integer values

Question 4.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) DATE	(A) It holds the date
(2) TIME	(B) It holds time
(3) Model	(C) Logical structure of database
(4) Relational data model	(D) Primary data model

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) DATE	(A) It holds the date
(2) TIME	(B) It holds time
(3) Model	(C) Logical structure of database
(4) Relational data model	(D) Primary data model

Question 5.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Atomicity	(A) Successfully committed transaction
(2) Consistency	(B) Completed successfully
(3) Isolation	(C) Persists in case of a system failure
(4) Durability	(D) Operate independently

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Atomicity	(B) Completed successfully
(2) Consistency	(A) Successfully committed transaction
(3) Isolation	(D) Operate independently
(4) Durability	(C) Persists in case of a system failure

Question 6.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) RDBMS	(A) Storage unit in a Relational database
(2) Table	(B) Collection of interrelated data
(3) Database designer	(C) Tuple
(4) Record	(D) Decides the name of the table and titles of Columns

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) RDBMS	(B) Collection of interrelated data
(2) Table	(A) Storage unit in a Relational database
(3) Database designer	(D) Decides the name of the table and titles of Columns
(4) Record	(C) Tuple

Question 7.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Primary Key	(A) Managing data within tables
(2) Structured Query Language	(B) Uniquely identify each row
(3) Data Definition Language	(C) Storing, manipulating, and retrieving data
(4) Data Manipulation Language	(D) Define and modify the database

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Primary Key	(B) Uniquely identify each row
(2) Structured Query Language	(C) Storing, manipulating, and retrieving data
(3) Data Definition Language	(D) Define and modify the database
(4) Data Manipulation Language	(A) Managing data within tables

Question 8.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) SELECT	(A) Extracts data from a table
(2) UPDATE	(B) Updates data in a table
(3) DELETE	(C) Deletes data from a table
(4) INSERT INTO	(D) Insert data into a table

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) SELECT	(A) Extracts data from a table
(2) UPDATE	(B) Updates data in a table
(3) DELETE	(C) Deletes data from a table
(4) INSERT INTO	(D) Insert data into a table

7. Answer Briefly.

Question 1.
What are Database and DBMS?
Answer:

1. A Database is often abbreviated as DB.
2. A database is a collection of interrelated data.
3. Full form of DBMS is Database Management System
4. A Database Management System is software for creating and managing databases.
5. The Database Management System provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.

Question 2.
Discuss the various Data types.
Answer:

1. CHAR holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
2. VARCHAR holds a variable-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
3. DECIMAL can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
4. INT is used for storing integer values.
5. DATE holds the date including day, month, and year.
6. TIME() holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.

Question 3.
Explain Data Model and Relational Model.
Answer:

1. This logical structure of the database is known as a Model.
2. The data model defines how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
3. The data model describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
4. The relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
5. The relational data model is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.

Question 4.
Write down the Properties of Transactions.
Answer:

1. Atomicity ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
2. Consistency ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
3. Isolation enables transactions to operate independently of and be transparent to each other.
4. Durability ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.

Question 5.
Explain the concept of RDBMS.
Answer:

1. RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
2. In Relational Database Management System a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.

Question 6.
Discuss the basic database concept.
Answer:

1. The Table is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
2. The table consists of columns and rows.
3. A database consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
4. The database designer decides the name of the table and the titles of columns.
5. A record is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database.
6. Record is also called a Tuple,
7. A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a Key of the table.
8. The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its Primary Key.
9. Foreign Key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.

Question 7.
Explain Relationships in the database.
Answer:

1. Relationships link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
2. A Relationship in the context of databases is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.

Question 8.
Discuss the types of relationships in Relational Database Design.
Answer:

1. In a One-to-One relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
2. One-to-Many relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at them.
3. A Many-to-Many relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.

Question 9.
What is SQL and categories of SQL commands?
Answer:

1. The full form of SQL is Structured Query Language.
2. Structured Query Language is the standard language for Relational Database Management Systems.
3. The full form of DDL is Data Definition Language.
4. Data Definition Language statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
5. The full form of DML is Data Manipulation Language.
6. Data Manipulation Language statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
7. The full form of DCL is Data Control Language.
8. Data Control Language is used to control user access in a database.