Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS Important Questions and Answers.
Maharashtra State Board 11th Information Technology Important Questions Chapter 2 Introduction to DBMS
1. Fill in the Blanks.
Question 1.
A ___________ often abbreviated as DB.
Answer:
Database
Question 2.
___________ is collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
Database
Question 3.
Full for of DBMS is ___________
Answer:
Database Management System
Question 4.
A ___________ is a software for creating and managing databases.
Answer:
Database Management System
Question 5.
The ___________ provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
Answer:
Database Management System
Question 6.
___________ holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
CHAR
Question 7.
___________ holds a variable length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
VARCHAR
Question 8.
___________ can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
Answer:
DECIMAL
Question 9.
___________ is used for storing integer values.
Answer:
INT
Question 10.
___________ holds the date including day, month and year.
Answer:
DATE
Question 11.
___________ holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.
Answer:
TIME()
Question 12.
This logical structure of database is known as a ___________
Answer:
Model
Question 13.
___________ define how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
Answer:
Data model
Question 14.
___________ describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
Answer:
Data model
Question 15.
___________ is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
Answer:
Relational data model
Question 16.
___________ is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.
Answer:
Relational data model
Question 17.
___________ ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
Answer:
Atomicity
Question 18.
___________ ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
Answer:
Consistency
Question 19.
___________ enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to each other.
Answer:
Isolation
Question 20.
___________ ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.
Answer:
Durability
Question 21.
RDBMS stands for ___________
Answer:
Relational Database Management System
Question 22.
In ___________ a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
Relational Database Management System
Question 23.
The ___________ is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
Answer:
Table
Question 24.
___________ consists of columns and rows.
Answer:
Table
Question 25.
A ___________ consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
Answer:
Database
Question 26.
___________ designer decides the name of the table and titles of columns.
Answer:
Database
Question 27.
A ___________ is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database.
Answer:
Record
Question 28.
Record is also called as a ___________
Answer:
Tuple
Question 29.
A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a ___________ of the table.
Answer:
Key
Question 30.
The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its ___________
Answer:
Primary Key
Question 31.
___________ is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.
Answer:
Foreign Key
Question 32.
___________ link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
Answer:
Relationships
Question 33.
A ___________ in the context of databases, is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.
Answer:
Relationship
Question 34.
In a ___________ relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
Answer:
One-to-One
Question 35.
___________ relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at it.
Answer:
One-to-Many
Question 36.
A ___________ relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.
Answer:
Many-to-Many
Question 37.
Full form of SQL is ___________
Answer:
Structured Query Language
Question 38.
___________ is the standard language for Relational Database Management System.
Answer:
Structured Query Language
Question 39.
Full form of DDL is ___________
Answer:
Data Definition Language
Question 40.
___________ statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
Answer:
Data Definition Language
Question 41.
Full form of DML is ___________
Answer:
Data Manipulation Language
Question 42.
___________ statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
Answer:
Data Manipulation Language
Question 43.
Full form of DCL is ___________
Answer:
Data Control Language
Question 44.
___________ is used to control user access in a database.
Answer:
Data Control Language
2. True or False.
Question 1.
A database is often abbreviated as DB.
Answer:
True
Question 2.
Hardware is a collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
False
Question 3.
The full form of DBMS is Database Management System.
Answer:
True
Question 4.
A Database Management System is software for creating and managing databases.
Answer:
True
Question 5.
Information Technology provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
Answer:
False
Question 6.
DECIMAL holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
False
Question 7.
VARCHAR holds a variable-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
Answer:
True
Question 8.
CHAR can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
Answer:
False
Question 9.
INT is used for storing integer values.
Answer:
True
Question 10.
TIME() holds the date including day, month, and year.
Answer:
False
Question 11.
DATE holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.
Answer:
False
Question 12.
This logical structure of the database is known as a computer.
Answer:
False
Question 13.
Information Technology defines how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
Answer:
False
Question 14.
The data model describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
Answer:
True
Question 15.
The relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
Answer:
True
Question 16.
The relational data model is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.
Answer:
True
Question 17.
Consistency ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
Answer:
False
Question 18.
Atomicity ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
Answer:
False
Question 19.
Isolation enables transactions to operate independently of and be transparent to each other.
Answer:
True
Question 20.
Durability ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.
Answer:
True
Question 21.
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
Answer:
True
Question 22.
In Relational Database Management System a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.
Answer:
True
Question 23.
The Table is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
Answer:
True
Question 24.
The table consists of columns and rows.
Answer:
True
Question 25.
A record consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
Answer:
False
Question 26.
The record designer decides the name of the table and the titles of columns.
Answer:
False
Question 27.
A Tuple is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database.
Answer:
False
Question 28.
Record is also called a Tuple.
Answer:
True
Question 29.
A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a Key of the table.
Answer:
True
Question 30.
The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its Primary Key.
Answer:
True
Question 31.
Foreign Key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.
Answer:
True
Question 32.
Relationships link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
Answer:
True
Question 33.
A Relationship in the context of databases is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.
Answer:
True
Question 34.
In a Many-to-Many relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
Answer:
False
Question 35.
One-to-Many relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at them.
Answer:
True
Question 36.
A One-to-One relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.
Answer:
False
Question 37.
The full form of SQL is Structured Query Language.
Answer:
True
Question 38.
Data Definition Language is the standard language for Relational Database Management System.
Answer:
False
Question 39.
The full form of DDL is Data Definition Language.
Answer:
True
Question 40.
Structured Query Language statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
Answer:
False
Question 41.
The full form of DML is Data Manipulation Language.
Answer:
True
Question 42.
Data Definition Language statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
Answer:
False
Question 43.
The full form of DCL is Data Control Language.
Answer:
True
Question 44.
Data Manipulation Language is used to control user access in a database.
Answer:
False
3. Multiple Choice Question (Single Choice)
Question 1.
A ___________ often abbreviated as DB.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Direct Bank
Answer:
(A) Database
Question 2.
___________ is a collection of interrelated data.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Direct Bank
Answer:
(A) Database
Question 3.
Full form of DBMS is ___________
(A) Database Machine System
(B) Direct Banking Management System
(C) Data Bank Management
(D) Database Management System
Answer:
(D) Database Management System
Question 4.
A ___________ is a software for creating and managing databases.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Database Management System
Answer:
(D) Database Management System
Question 5.
The ___________ provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
(A) Database
(B) Direct Banking
(C) Data Bank
(D) Database Management System
Answer:
(D) Database Management System
Question 6.
___________ holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(A) CHAR
Question 7.
___________ holds a variable-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(B) VARCHAR
Question 8.
___________ can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(C) DECIMAL
Question 9.
___________ is used for storing integer values.
(A) CHAR
(B) VARCHAR
(C) DECIMAL
(D) INT
Answer:
(D) INT
Question 10.
___________ holds the date including day, month and year.
(A) DATE
(B) TIME()
(C) CHAR
(D) VARCHAR
Answer:
(A) DATE
Question 11.
___________ holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.
(A) DATE
(B) TIME()
(C) CHAR
(D) VARCHA
Answer:
(B) TIME()
Question 12.
This logical structure of database is known as a ___________
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(A) Model
Question 13.
___________ define how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(B) Data model
Question 14.
___________ describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(B) Data model
Question 15.
___________ is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(D) Relational data model
Question 16.
___________ is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.
(A) Model
(B) Data model
(C) Storage and Processing
(D) Relational data model
Answer:
(D) Relational data model
Question 17.
___________ ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(A) Atomicity
Question 18.
___________ ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(B) Consistency
Question 19.
___________ enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to each other.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(C) Isolation
Question 20.
___________ ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.
(A) Atomicity
(B) Consistency
(C) Isolation
(D) Durability
Answer:
(D) Durability
Question 21.
RDBMS stands for ___________
(A) Relational Database Management System
(B) Regional Database Management System
(C) Recovery Database Management System
(D) Recovery Database Microsoft System
Answer:
(A) Relational Database Management System
Question 22.
In ___________ a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.
(A) Relational Database Management System
(B) Regional Database Management System
(C) Recovery Database Management System
(D) Recovery Database Microsoft System
Answer:
(A) Relational Database Management System
Question 23.
The ___________ is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(A) Table
Question 24.
___________ consists of columns and rows.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(A) Table
Question 25.
A ___________ consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(B) Database
Question 26.
___________ designer decides the name of the table and titles of columns.
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(B) Database
Question 27.
A ___________ is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(C) Record
Question 28.
Record is also called as a ___________
(A) Table
(B) Database
(C) Record
(D) Tuple
Answer:
(D) Tuple
Question 29.
A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a ___________ of the table.
(A) Key
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(A) Key
Question 30.
The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its ___________
(A) Key
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(B) Primary Key
Question 31.
___________ is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.
(A) Key
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(C) Foreign Key
Question 32.
___________ link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
(A) Relationships
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(A) Relationships
Question 33.
A ___________ in the context of databases, is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.
(A) Relationship
(B) Primary Key
(C) Foreign Key
(D) Table
Answer:
(A) Relationship
Question 34.
In a ___________ relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
(A) One-to-One
(B) One-to-Many
(C) Many-to-Many
(D) Database
Answer:
(A) One-to-One
Question 35.
___________ relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at it.
(A) One-to-One
(B) One-to-Many
(C) Many-to-Many
(D) Database
Answer:
(B) One-to-Many
Question 36.
A ___________ relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.
(A) One-to-One
(B) One-to-Many
(C) Many-to-Many
(D) Database
Answer:
(C) Many-to-Many
Question 37.
Full form of SQL is ___________
(A) Structured Query Language
(B) Structured Question Language
(C) Sequence Question Language
(D) Simple Query Language
Answer:
(A) Structured Query Language
Question 38.
___________ is the standard language for Relational Database Management System.
(A) Structured Query Language
(B) Structured Question Language
(C) Sequence Question Language
(D) Simple Query Language
Answer:
(A) Structured Query Language
Question 39.
Full form of DDL is ___________
(A) Data Definition Language
(B) Database Device Language
(C) Device Definition Language
(D) Data Division Language
Answer:
(A) Data Definition Language
Question 40.
___________ statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
(A) Data Definition Language
(B) Database Device Language
(C) Device Definition Language
(D) Data Division Language
Answer:
(A) Data Definition Language
Question 41.
Full form of DML is ___________
(A) Data Manipulation Language
(B) Data Machine Language
(C) Data Management Language
(D) Device Manipulation Language
Answer:
(A) Data Manipulation Language
Question 42.
___________ statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
(A) Data Manipulation Language
(B) Data Machine Language
(C) Data Management Language
(D) Device Manipulation Language
Answer:
(A) Data Manipulation Language
Question 43.
Full form of DCL is ___________
(A) Dynamic Control Language
(B) Data Control Language
(C) Data Control List
(D) Dynamic Control List
Answer:
(B) Data Control Language
Question 44.
___________ is used to control user access in a database.
(A) Dynamic Control Language
(B) Data Control Language
(C) Data Control List
(D) Dynamic Control List
Answer:
(B) Data Control Language
4. Multiple Choice Two Correct Answers.
Question 1.
A Database Management System is a software for ___________ and ___________ databases.
(A) Creating
(B) Storing
(C) Retrieving
(D) Managing
(E) Processing
Answer:
(A) Creating, (D) Managing
Question 2.
Data model describes the method of ___________ and ___________ the data.
(A) Creating
(B) Storing
(C) Retrieving
(D) Managing
(E) Processing
Answer:
(B) Storing, (C) Retrieving
Question 3.
Relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for ___________ and ___________
(A) Creating
(B) Storing
(C) Retrieving
(D) Data storage
(E) Processing
Answer:
(D) Data storage, (E) Processing
Question 4.
Relational data model is simple and has all the ___________ and ___________ required to process data with storage efficiency.
(A) Properties
(B) Capabilities
(C) Retrieving
(D) Data storage
(E) Processing
Answer:
(A) Properties, (B) Capabilities
Question 5.
A table consists of information which is stored under different headings, called as ___________ or ___________
(A) Properties
(B) Fields
(C) Capabilities
(D) Retrieving
(E) Columns
Answer:
(B) Fields, (E) Columns
Question 6.
Table consists of ___________ and ___________
(A) Properties
(B) Fields
(C) Capabilities
(D) Columns
(E) Rows
Answer:
(D) Columns, (E) Rows
Question 7.
A Database consists of one or more ___________ according to which ___________ is stored in a table.
(A) Tables
(B) Data
(C) Capabilities
(D) Columns
(E) Rows
Answer:
(A) Tables, (B) Data
Question 8.
Database designer decides the name of the ___________ and ___________ of columns.
(A) Schema
(B) Table
(C) Fields
(D) Titles
(E) Capabilities
Answer:
(B) Table, (D) Titles
Question 9.
Data Definition Language statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your ___________ or ___________
(A) Table
(B) Schema
(C) Fields
(D) Titles
(E) Capabilities
Answer:
(A) Table, (B) Schema
5. Multiple Choice Three Correct Answers.
Question 1.
Database Management System stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to ___________, ___________ and ___________
(A) Retrieve
(B) Hierarchical
(C) Manipulate
(D) Update Information
(E) Network
Answer:
(A) Retrieve, (C) Manipulate, (D) Update Information
Question 2.
There are different data models like ___________ model, ___________ model and ___________ model.
(A) Network
(B) Hierarchical
(C) Relational
(D) Retrieve
(E) Manipulate
Answer:
(A) Network, (B) Hierarchical, (C) Relational
Question 3.
There are 3 types of relationships in relational database design ___________, ___________ & ___________
(A) Retrieve
(B) Manipulate
(C) One-to-One
(D) One-to-Many (or Many-to-One)
(E) Many-to-Many
Answer:
(C) One-to-One, (D) One-to-Many (or Many-to-One), (E) Many-to-Many
Question 4.
SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for ___________, ___________ and ___________ data stored in a relational database.
(A) Relational
(B) Storing
(C) Manipulating
(D) Retrieving
(E) Network
Answer:
(B) Storing, (C) Manipulating, (D) Retrieving
6. Match the following.
Question 1.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Database | (A) Raw facts |
| (2) Data | (B) Creating and managing databases |
| (3) Information | (C) Collection of interrelated data |
| (4) DBMS | (D) Processed data |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Database | (C) Collection of interrelated data |
| (2) Data | (A) Raw facts |
| (3) Information | (D) Processed data |
| (4) DBMS | (B) Creating and managing databases |
Question 2.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Advantages of DBMS | (A) Authorised users |
| (2) Data integrity | (B) Data is accurate and consistent |
| (3) Data Security | (C) Reducing Data Redundancy |
| (4) Backup and Recovery | (D) Restores the database |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Advantages of DBMS | (C) Reducing Data Redundancy |
| (2) Data integrity | (B) Data is accurate and consistent |
| (3) Data Security | (A) Authorised users |
| (4) Backup and Recovery | (D) Restores the database |
Question 3.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) CHAR | (A) It is used for storing integer values |
| (2) VARCHAR | (B) It can represent numbers |
| (3) DECIMAL | (C) Holds a variable-length string |
| (4) INT | (D) Holds a fixed-length string |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) CHAR | (D) Holds a fixed-length string |
| (2) VARCHAR | (C) Holds a variable-length string |
| (3) DECIMAL | (B) It can represent numbers |
| (4) INT | (A) It is used for storing integer values |
Question 4.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) DATE | (A) It holds the date |
| (2) TIME | (B) It holds time |
| (3) Model | (C) Logical structure of database |
| (4) Relational data model | (D) Primary data model |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) DATE | (A) It holds the date |
| (2) TIME | (B) It holds time |
| (3) Model | (C) Logical structure of database |
| (4) Relational data model | (D) Primary data model |
Question 5.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Atomicity | (A) Successfully committed transaction |
| (2) Consistency | (B) Completed successfully |
| (3) Isolation | (C) Persists in case of a system failure |
| (4) Durability | (D) Operate independently |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Atomicity | (B) Completed successfully |
| (2) Consistency | (A) Successfully committed transaction |
| (3) Isolation | (D) Operate independently |
| (4) Durability | (C) Persists in case of a system failure |
Question 6.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) RDBMS | (A) Storage unit in a Relational database |
| (2) Table | (B) Collection of interrelated data |
| (3) Database designer | (C) Tuple |
| (4) Record | (D) Decides the name of the table and titles of Columns |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) RDBMS | (B) Collection of interrelated data |
| (2) Table | (A) Storage unit in a Relational database |
| (3) Database designer | (D) Decides the name of the table and titles of Columns |
| (4) Record | (C) Tuple |
Question 7.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Primary Key | (A) Managing data within tables |
| (2) Structured Query Language | (B) Uniquely identify each row |
| (3) Data Definition Language | (C) Storing, manipulating, and retrieving data |
| (4) Data Manipulation Language | (D) Define and modify the database |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Primary Key | (B) Uniquely identify each row |
| (2) Structured Query Language | (C) Storing, manipulating, and retrieving data |
| (3) Data Definition Language | (D) Define and modify the database |
| (4) Data Manipulation Language | (A) Managing data within tables |
Question 8.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) SELECT | (A) Extracts data from a table |
| (2) UPDATE | (B) Updates data in a table |
| (3) DELETE | (C) Deletes data from a table |
| (4) INSERT INTO | (D) Insert data into a table |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) SELECT | (A) Extracts data from a table |
| (2) UPDATE | (B) Updates data in a table |
| (3) DELETE | (C) Deletes data from a table |
| (4) INSERT INTO | (D) Insert data into a table |
7. Answer Briefly.
Question 1.
What are Database and DBMS?
Answer:
- A Database is often abbreviated as DB.
- A database is a collection of interrelated data.
- Full form of DBMS is Database Management System
- A Database Management System is software for creating and managing databases.
- The Database Management System provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
Question 2.
Discuss the various Data types.
Answer:
- CHAR holds a fixed-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
- VARCHAR holds a variable-length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
- DECIMAL can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
- INT is used for storing integer values.
- DATE holds the date including day, month, and year.
- TIME() holds time. Format: HH:MM:SS.
Question 3.
Explain Data Model and Relational Model.
Answer:
- This logical structure of the database is known as a Model.
- The data model defines how the data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system.
- The data model describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
- The relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing.
- The relational data model is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to process data with storage efficiency.
Question 4.
Write down the Properties of Transactions.
Answer:
- Atomicity ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
- Consistency ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully committed transaction.
- Isolation enables transactions to operate independently of and be transparent to each other.
- Durability ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of a system failure.
Question 5.
Explain the concept of RDBMS.
Answer:
- RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
- In Relational Database Management System a database is considered as a collection of interrelated data.
Question 6.
Discuss the basic database concept.
Answer:
- The Table is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database.
- The table consists of columns and rows.
- A database consists of one or more tables according to which data is stored in a table.
- The database designer decides the name of the table and the titles of columns.
- A record is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person, company, or item in a database.
- Record is also called a Tuple,
- A column or a combination of columns that can be used to identify one or more rows (tuples) in a table is called a Key of the table.
- The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is called its Primary Key.
- Foreign Key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in another table.
Question 7.
Explain Relationships in the database.
Answer:
- Relationships link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
- A Relationship in the context of databases is a situation that exists between two relational database tables.
Question 8.
Discuss the types of relationships in Relational Database Design.
Answer:
- In a One-to-One relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one record in another table.
- One-to-Many relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships, depending on which way you look at them.
- A Many-to-Many relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with multiple records in another table.
Question 9.
What is SQL and categories of SQL commands?
Answer:
- The full form of SQL is Structured Query Language.
- Structured Query Language is the standard language for Relational Database Management Systems.
- The full form of DDL is Data Definition Language.
- Data Definition Language statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of your tables or schema.
- The full form of DML is Data Manipulation Language.
- Data Manipulation Language statements or commands are used for managing data within tables.
- The full form of DCL is Data Control Language.
- Data Control Language is used to control user access in a database.