Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
Homo is a Latin word which means ____________.
Answer:
Homo is a Latin word which means man.

Question b.
The Neanderthals primarily lived in ____________.
Answer:
The Neanderthals primarily lived in caves.

2. Answer question in one sentence.

Question a.
Who is said to have first made tools like the hand-axe?
Answer:
Homo erectus is said to have first made tools like a hand-axe.

Question b.
What is heredity?
Answer:
Heredity is similarity in appearance and health characteristics of human beings to their ancestors.

3. Give reasons for the following.

Question a.
The Neanderthals became extinct.
Answer:

1. Homo sapiens were the neighbours of the Neanderthals in Europe. Conflicts with the Homo sapiens took place; wherein the Neanderthals suffered.
2. The Neanderthals failed to adapt to environmental changes. As a result, the Neanderthals became extinct.

Question b.
Humans could produce subtle and varied types of sounds.
Answer:

1. Homo sapiens had developed to a stage wherein they had fully developed larynx.
2. Their jaws and muscles inside the mouth were fully developed.
3. Their tongue was flexible. Therefore, human beings (Homo sapiens) could produce subtle and varied types of sounds.

4. Read the clues given below and find the words hidden in the box.

Question 1.
Read the clues given below and find the words hidden in the box.

• Humans who stood upright.
• A sound that Neanderthals could make.
• Humans who used their hands.
• Homo sapiens sapiens began to grow this in fields.
• Pieces of stone used to make tools.
• It kept Homo erectus warm although they could not make it.
• A country in which remains of Homo habilis were found.
• A way of preparing food that Neanderthals used.
• A tool made by Homo erectus.
• Homo sapiens could do this to make pictures.
• Humans could use their hands because they learnt to stand on two of these.
• The country in which remains of Neanderthals were first found.
• These were buried with them when Neanderthals died.

Activity :

Question 1.
Prepare a chart to show the progress of Man at the various stages from Homo habilis to Homo sapiens sapiens.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

1. The species of humans who could use their hands effectively is known as the ……….. human.
2. The scientist Louis Leakey who discovered this species named it …………………
3. Homo habilis could ………………… on two feet and walk.
4. The spine of Homo habilis was slightly ……. and not quite erect.
5. The stone tools made by Homo habilis were not useful for hunting ………. animals.
6. Homo habilis was a ………….
7. Homo erectus marks an important stage in human ………….
8. Compared to Homo habilis, Homo erectus has a more ……………………. brain.
9. Homo erectus species lived in ……….
10. During the time of ……………….., the earth was covered with ice sheets.
11. Homo erectus made tools like the
12. The remains of Homo erectus have been found along with his ……………………. in the continents of Africa, Asia and Europe.
13. The …………………. man was physically big and strong
14. His……………….. was more developed than that of Homo erectus.
15. They made tools out of big ……………….
16. The Neanderthals hunted ………. animals.
17. They used ………………… clothing.
18. They were mainly …………….. eaters.
19. They ate meat…………… on fire.
20. They knew the art of making………
21. Some scientists believe that the Neanderthals communicated with each other by producing ……… and other primary sounds.
22. Neanderthals had established some ………… of burying the dead.
23. Some groups of Neanderthals left …………………. and migrated up to the continents of Europe and Asia.
24. They had to …………. new ways of living and finding food.
25. ………………… is the name used for humans that were more advanced than the Neanderthals.
26. Homo sapiens means ……………. Man.
27. The ………….. became extinct about 30,000 years ago
28. In Europe, Homo sapiens is also known as ……………. Man.
29. Homo sapiens used to make stone ……………. and fix them in grooves’ and notches made in wood or bone handles.
30. Homo sapiens could produce a variety of ……………. and modulate his ……… ….. the way he liked.
31. Homo sapiens had a well-developed ……………. system.
32. Homo sapiens could draw…………….. on the basis of actual observation as well as imagination.
33. The capacity of the human brain and his grasping power went on continuously.
34. ………………. is a science that studies heredity.
35. Genetics research has shown that we have inherited some traits of the ………….. man.
36. Homo sapiens sapiens developed the technique of cultivating ………….. and keeping ………………..
37. He began to live a more …………. life.
38. The changed lifestyle and diet affected the …….. of humans.
39. The name ……………………. reflects his intellectual and cultural rather than his physical prowess”.
40. In Europe, …………… is also known as Cro-Magnon Man’.
41. The stone tools made by ………… were not useful for hunting big animals.

Answer:

1. skilled
2. Homo
3. stand
4. bent
5. big
6. forager
7. evolution
8. developed
9. groups
10. Homo erectus
11. hand-axe
12. tools
13. Neanderthal
14. brain
15. pebbles
16. big
17. leather
18. meat
19. roasted
20. fire
21. grunts
22. rituals
23. Africa
24. adopt
25. Homo sapiens
26. Intellectual
27. Neanderthal
28. CroMagnon
29. blades
30. sounds, voice
31. language
32. pictures
33. developing
34. Genetics
35. Neanderthal
36. land, animals
37. settled
38. appearance
39. Homo sapiens sapiens
40. Homo sapiens
41. Homo habilis

Match the columns :

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Homo habilis	a. The man who stands erect.
2. Homo erectus	b. Intellectual Man.
3. Neanderthal Man	c. A man who uses his hands skillfully.
4. Homo sapiens	d. Remains found in Europe, Asia, Africa.
5. Cro-Magnon Man	e. Knew the art of making fire.
6. Louis Leakey	f. Science that studies heredity.
7. Neanderthal Man	g. Made tools like the hand-axe.
8. Homo erectus	h. Had a well developed language system
9. Homo sapiens	i. Remains found in Germany.
10. Genetics	j. Discovered the species ‘Homo habilis’

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Homo habilis	c. A man who uses his hands skillfully.
2. Homo erectus	a. The man who stands erect.
3. Neanderthal Man	e. Knew the art of making fire.
4. Homo sapiens	b. Intellectual Man.
5. Cro-Magnon Man	d. Remains found in Europe, Asia, Africa.
6. Louis Leakey	j. Discovered the species ‘Homo habilis’
7. Neanderthal Man	i. Remains found in Germany.
8. Homo erectus	g. Made tools like the hand-axe.
9. Homo sapiens	h. Had a well developed language system
10. Genetics	f. Science that studies heredity.

Answer if the following statements are True/False. If false, then state the correct answer:

Question 1.

1. The scientist Louis Leakey named the first species of humans as Homo erectus.
2. In Latin “Homo’ means ‘man’.
3. Homo erectus means The man who can use his hands skilfully
4. The stone tools made by Homo habilis were not useful for hunting big animals.
5. Homo habilis was not a forager”
6. Homo erectus species lived in groups.
7. Homo erectus knew the technique of making fire.
8. Homo erectus made tools like the hand-axe.
9. The Neanderthal Man was more developed than that of Homo erectus.
10. The Neanderthal Man hunted small animals.
11. The Neanderthal Man knew the art of making fire.
12. The Neanderthals established some rituals of burying the dead
13. Some groups of Neanderthals left Africa and migrated to India
14. Homo sapiens means Intellectual Man.
15. The Neanderthals became extinct about 30,000 years ago
16. Homo sapiens is also known as the ‘Cro Magnon Man’ in Europe.
17. The Homo sapiens could only grunt and make some sounds.
18. Genetics is a science that studies heredity.
19. The changed lifestyle and diet affected the appearance of humans.
20. Homo sapiens sapiens reflects his intellectual and culture rather than his physical prowess.

Answer:

1. False. The scientist Louis Leakey named the first species of humans as Homo habilis.
2. True.
3. False. Homo habilis means “The man who can use his hands skilfully’.
4. True.
5. False. Homo habilis uns a forager.
6. True
7. False. Homo erectus knew the use of fire but had not mastered the technique of making fire.
8. True
9. True.
10. False. The Neanderthal Man hunted big animals.
11. True.
12. True.
13. False. Some groups of Neanderthals left Africa and migrated to the continents of Europe and Asia.
14. True.
15. True.
16. True.
17. False. The Homo sapiens has a well-developed language system.
18. True.
19. True
20. True.

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What was the species of humans who could use their hands effectively known as?
Answer:
The species of humans who could use their hands effectively is known as ‘The skilled human

Question 2.
Where was the first evidence of this species found?
Answer:
The first evidence of this species was found in the border region between Tanzania and Kenya in the continent of Africa.

Question 3.
What was this species named and by which scientist?
Answer:
The scientist Louis Leakey who discovered this species, named it “Homo habilis’.

Question 4.
What does Homo habilis mean?
Answer:
Homo habilis means ‘the one who uses his hands skillfully.

Question 5.
Why was he called Homo habilis?
Answer:
He was called Homo habilis because besides their fossilized remains, some tools made by them were also found.

Question 6.
Give two uses of the stone tools made by Homo habilis.
Answer:
The stone tools made by Homo habilis had limited uses such as scraping” meat from the skin of dead animals or breaking bones to get the marrows

Question 7.
How did Homo habilis acquire his food?
Answer:
Homo habilis was a forager. It is possible that he hunted small animals, gathered eggs, wild fruits and roots to eat.

Question 8.
What does Homo erectus mean?
Answer:
Homo erectus means ‘the one who stands erect’.

Question 9.
How did Homo erectus survive the extreme climatic conditions during the ice-age?
Answer:
Homo erectus could survive the extreme climatic conditions during the ice-age because he knew the use of fire but had not mastered the technique of making fire.

Question 10.
Where have the remains of Homo erectus been found?
Answer:
The remains of Homo erectus have been found in the continents of Africa, Asia and Europe.

Question 11.
Where were the remains of the Neanderthal Man found?
Answer:
The remains of the Neanderthal Man were first found at Neanderthal in Germany.

Question 12.
How did the Neanderthal Man eat roasted meat?
Answer:
The Neanderthal knew the art of making fire and hence ate roasted meat.

Question 13.
How did the Neanderthal Man communicate with each other?
Answer:
The Neanderthals communicated with each other by producing grunts and other primary sounds.

Question 14.
Where did the Neanderthal Man migrate?
Answer:
Some groups of Neanderthal Man left Africa and migrated up to the continents of Europe and Asia.

Question 15.
What was the challenge to the Neanderthal Man in Europe and Asia?
Answer:
The Neanderthals had to adopt to the new way of living and finding food as they had to face a different environment.

Question 16.
Which Species of humans were more advanced than the Neanderthal Man?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens was more advanced than the Neanderthal Man.

Question 17.
What does Homo sapiens mean?
Answer:
Homo sapiens means Intelligent or Intellectual man.

Question 18.
How many years ago did the Neanderthal Man become extinct?
Answer:
The Neanderthal Man became extinct about 30,000 years ago

Question 19.
What are Homo sapiens known as in England?
Answer:
Cro-Magnon man.

Question 20.
Where have their remains been found?
Answer:
Their remains have been found in Europe, Asia and Africa.

Question 21.
Describe the tools used by the Cro-Magnon man.
Answer:
The Cro-Magnon man used tools made of stone blades and fixed them in grooves and notches made of wood or bone handles.

Question 22.
Why was the human species later called as Homo Sapiens Sapiens?
Answer:
The human species was later known as Homo sapiens sapiens as their capacity to think developed even further than that of Homo sapiens.

Question 23.
What is Genetics?
Answer:
Genetics is a science that studies ‘heredity’.

Give reasons for the following:

Question 1.
Homo habilis was a forager.
Answer:
i. Homo habilis was a forager.
ii. This is because he ate the leftovers of animals that had been hunted by others.

Question 2.
Homo erectus could survive during the ice age.
Answer:
i. During the time of Homo erectus, the earth was covered with icesheets and the climate was extremely cold.
ii. As the Homo erectus had learnt the use of fire, he could survive the extreme climate.

Question 3.
The human species Homo Neanderthalensis was known as the Neanderthal Man.
Answer:
The human species Homo Neanderthalensis was commonly known as the Neanderthal Man because his remains were first found in Neanderthal in Germany.

Question 4.
The Neanderthals ate meat roasted on fire.
Answer:
i. The Neanderthals knew the art of making fire.
ii. As they were meat eaters, they ate meat roasted on fire.

Question 5.
Homo sapiens had a well-developed language system.
Answer:
i. The Homo sapiens could produce a variety of sounds and modulate his voice.
ii. Using his imagination, he could name the things around him and soon could put his thoughts and feelings into words thus developing a language system.

Question 6.
The Homo sapiens was named as an Intelligent Man.
Answer:

1. During the course of their evolution, Homo sapiens had developed a language system.
2. He could also draw pictures on the basis of observation and imagination.
3. Hence, he was named as an Intelligent Man.

Question 7.
It is said that the Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens are both ancestors of the modern humans.
Answer:
i. Genetic research has shown that the modern man has inherited some traits of the Neanderthal Man.
ii. Thus, it can be said that the Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens are both ancestors of the modern humans.

Answer the following in brief :

Question 1.
Why was the first human species named Homo habilis?
Answer:

1. The scientist Louis Leakey who discovered this first human species named it ‘Homo habilis’.
2. He found some tools made by them beside their fossilized remains.
3. In Latin ‘Homo habilis’ means the man who can use his hands skillfully.
4. Thus, the first human species got their name.

Question 2.
Describe Homo habilis.
Answer:

1. Homo habilis could stand on two feet and walk.
2. His spine was slightly bent and was not quite erect.
3. His brain was bigger than the apes although – he looked somewhat similar.

Question 3.
Give the two uses of the stone tools made by Homo habilis.
Answer:

1. The stone tools made by Homo habilis were not useful for hunting big animals.
2. They had limited uses such as scraping meat from the skin of dead animals.
3. They were also used for breaking bones to get the marrow.

Question 4.
Homo erectus knew the use of fire – Explain.
Answer:

1. During the time of Homo erectus, the Earth was covered with icesheets, hence the climate was extremely cold.
2. Homo erectus could survive that extreme climate because he had learnt to use fire.
3. However, he had not yet mastered the technique of making fire.

Question 5.
Compare the Neanderthal Man to his predecessors.
Answer:

1. The Neanderthal Man was physically big and strong.
2. His brain was more developed.
3. He made tools out of big pebbles. The tools were fixed on a bone or a wooden shaft to make weapons like the spear, axe etc.
4. He hunted big animals, ate their meat and used their leather as clothing.
5. He knew the art of making fire.

Question 6.
How did the Neanderthal Man make fire?
Answer:
i. The Neanderthals knew the technique of making fire.
ii. They rubbed sticks of hard wood on each other or by striking one flintstone on another to obtain sparks.

Question 7.
How did the Neanderthals treat their dead?
Answer:

1. When a member of the group died, the Neanderthals buried tools, horns etc. along with the dead body.
2. They applied red ochre to the dead body before burying it.
3. The Neanderthals thus established some rituals of burying the dead.

Question 8.
Describe the tools made by Homo sapiens.
Answer:
i. Homo sapiens made different kinds of tools and implements to suit the tasks they needed to do.
ii. They made sharp blades of stone and fixed them in grooves and notches made in wood or bone handles.

Question 9.
Why was the Homo sapien called “The Thinking Man’?
Answer:

1. The tools made by Homo sapien were sharper and more precise than the other species.
2. He had a well-developed language system.
3. He could draw pictures on the basis of observation as well as imagination.
4. Hence, he was called as The Thinking Man’.

Question 10.
Describe the development of the Homo sapiens.
Answer:

1. Homo sapiens sapiens developed the technique of cultivating land and keeping animals.
2. With his well-developed capacity to think, the speed at which he improved his technology went on increasing
3. He lived a more settled life.
4. He began to grow food grains in the fields.

Question 11.
The name Homo sapiens sapiens reflects his intellectual and cultural rather than his physical prowess – Explain.
Answer:

1. Modern humans are not satisfied with only meeting their basic need for food.
2. To enrich their life, human beings acquired a culture and continued to develop it.
3. The technological and cultural progress achieved by modern humans has been extremely rapid.
4. Hence, we can rightly say that the life of the Homo sapiens sapiens reflects his intellectual and cultural progress rather than his physical prowess.

Glossary :

1. effectively : in such a manner as to achieve a desired result
2. skillfully : with expertise
3. grunts : low short sound
4. appearance : the way something or someone looks
5. established : existed and recognised
6. migrated : move from one region to another
7. grooves : a long narrow cut in a hard material
8. notches : an incision on a surface
9. modulate : change the o tone pitch of voice
10. prowess : skill in a particular field
11. pebbles : small stones
12. adopt : choose to take up on follow
13. forager : someone who reaches for food
14. scraping : remaining from a surface with forceful strokes
15. marrow : a tissue o in the body, next to bones
16. roasted : cooked
17. ancestors: a person from whom one is descended
18. subtle: very delicate and precise
19. larynx : a hollow passage holding the vocal cords in the human body
20. traits : a distinguishing quality
21. predecessors : someone who came before
22. ochre : an earthy clay-like thing