Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 3.4 The Brook Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 3.4 The Brook

Class 7 English Chapter 3.4 The Brook Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud with proper pace and rhythm.

2. Find the meaning of the following words.

1. ridges: Long narrow hill to or range (mountain bridges.
2. brimming: full of the margin/over followed. Full of water up to the to pledge.
3. eddying: spiral movement of water.
4. babble: meaningless talking/sound made when ones talk loudly
5. fallow: wasteland/left land
6. trout: A big freshwater fish
7. netted: Form of a net.

3. Answer the following.

The Brook Question Answers Class 7 Question 1.
Who is the speaker in this poem?
Answer:
The brook is the speaker in this poem.

The Brook Poem Class 7 Question 2.
Which lines are repeated in the poem? What do they mean?
Answer:
The lines ‘For men may come and men may go, But I go on forever’ are repeated. They mean that nature is immortal whereas we are mortal. Men are born and will die but nature is eternal.

3.4 The Brook Question 3.
Where does the brook join the river?
Answer:
The brook joins the river near Philip’s farm.

The Brook Poem Class 7 Solutions Question 4.
Mention the various places that the brook flows past.
Answer:
The brook flows past the dwellings of coot and hern, the ferns, a town, villages, valleys, hills, ridges, several bridges and Philip’s farm.

English Brook Class 7 Solutions Question 5.
Often the brook speaks of itself as if it is human. For example, ‘I bicker down a valley’. Find two other examples of the human activities of the brook.
Answer:
1. I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance.
2. I murmur under moon and stars.

4. Spot and write any three alliterative phrases or sentences from the poem.

The Brook Poem Std 7 Question Answer Question 1.
Spot and write any three alliterative phrases or sentences from the poem. (Alliterative phrases/sentences are those in which the same sound is repeated.)
Answer:
1. I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance.
Sound of ‘s’ and ‘g’ is repeated.
2. I bubble into eddying bays.
I babble on the pebble.
Sound of ‘b’ is repeated.
3. By many a field and fallow.
Sound of ’f’ is repeated.

5. List the prepositions you find in this poem.

The Brook Poem Question And Answers Class 7 Question 5.
List the prepositions you find in this poem.
Answer:
from, among, to, in, with, etc.

6. List the phrases which have the expression ‘many a…’.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Question 6.
List the phrases which have the expression ‘many a…’.
Answer:
many a curve, many a fairy foreland, many a silvery water break.

7. The poet uses words to create pictures or ‘images’ in the reader’s mind.

3.4 The Brook Question Answer Question 7.
The poet uses words to create pictures or ‘images’ in the reader’s mind. For example, ‘And sparkle out among the fern’. Write down other lines that create images or pictures in your mind. (Any 3)
Answer:

1. By twenty thorpes, a little town An half a hundred bridges.
2. By thirty hills I hurry down, or slip between the ridges.
3. I make the netted sunbeam dance Against my sandy shallows.

8. Write a short autobiography of a brook.

The Brook Class 7 Question 8.
Write a short autobiography of a brook. (20 to 30 lines)
Answer:

Autobiography of a Brook

I took origin among the mountains and glaciers in the lap of a slopy snowy terrain as a bubbly ever youthful brook. Many others joined me making me look bigger. I express my happiness by dancing and jumping as I flow down the valley. I am ever so glad to help birds and animals to quench their thirst. The trees in the valley are so grateful to me that they honour me by showering flowers upon me.

As I reach the plains, I slow down. My calm within and outside, inspires many great poets to offer their literary best. I am obstructed by many boulders, but I do not stop. I find my way by flowing around them. By the time I meet the big river, many small rivulets have formed from me. But now, their number is decreasing,.

I hear that the rains are often scanty. If this goes on, I might not exist at all in the future. I have served mankind for as long as I know. I plead with you all to plant more trees and preserve and protect nature for our mutual well being. Help us to survive and continue to serve you.

9. Which other things in nature can say.

The Brook Poem Std 7 Question 9.
Which other things in nature can say – ‘For men may come and men may go, But I go on forever.’?
Answer:
The sun, stars, clouds, moon, wind, space are things in nature that can say the given lines.

10. Use the internet, your school library or other sources for the following activities.

The Brook Poem Question And Answers Question 10.
Use the internet, your school library or other sources for the following activities.
1. Try to find other nature poem.
Answer:

Class 7 English Chapter 3.4 The Brook Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What does the chattering sound of the brook seem like?
Answer:
The chattering sound of the brook seems like musical sounds.

Question 2.
Why does the bank fret?
Answer:
The bank frets because the brook changes its shape quite often by curving.

Question 3.
The brook mentions exact numbers of hills, villages and bridges. What does it mean?
Answer:
The brook mentions exact numbers to maintain the rhythm of the poem. It actually means that it flows past several hills, villages and bridges.

Question 4.
What do we learn from the brook?
Answer:
The brook teaches us to be cheerful and enjoy what we do. It also teaches us that we should never stop when we come across obstacles. With grit and patience, we should overcome these obstacles and achieve our goals.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar.

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
What do the following do?
Answer:

• blossom – sail
• swallow – skim
• sunbeam – dance

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Name the marine beings mentioned in the poem?
Answer:
The poet mentions fishes such as trout and grayling and also the swallow bird.

Question 2.
Which words of movement does this part of the extract mention?
Answer:
The extract mentions many words of movement such as travel, go, slip, slide, flow sail, loiter.

Poetic device.

Question 1.
Pick out an example of Antithesis.
Answer:
I wind about, and in and out.

Question 2.
State the rhyme scheme used in the second last stanza.
Answer:
Rhyme scheme – abab.

Question 3.
What according to you is the tone/mood of the poem? Why?
Answer:
The mood/tone of the poem is cheerful as it traces the journey of a happy brook right from its origin to its mouth. There is a hint of music in lines that helps us visualize the flow of the brook.

State and explain the figures of speech.

Question 1.
I come from haunts of coot and hem.
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ’h’ is repeated in ’haunts’ and ’hern’ in a pleasant manner.

Question 2.
I make a sudden sally.
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ’s’ is repeated in ’sudden’ and ’sally’ for a better poetic effect.

Question 3.
To bicker down a valley.
Answer:
Personification – the brook has been given the human quality of ’bickering’.

Question 4.
By thirty hills I hurry down.
Answer:
Inversion: the prose order has been changed. The correct word order is ’I hurry down by thirty hills’.
Alliteration: the sound of ‘h’ repeated in hills and hurry for poetic effect.

Question 5.
By twenty thorpes, a little town An half a hundred bridges.
Answer:
Hyperbole – the statement is exaggerated for a poetic effect.

Question 6.
Till last by Philip’s farm I flow
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ’f is repeated in ’farm’ and ’flow’ for a better poetic effect and also the word Philip as it has an ’f sound.

Question 7.
I chatter over stony ways
Answer:
Personification – the brook has been given the human quality of ’chattering’.

Question 8.
With many a curve my banks I fret
Answer:
Inversion – the word order has been changed. The correct word order is T fret my banks with many a curve’.

Question 9.
With willow-weed and mallow
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ‘w’ is repeated in the world ‘with’, ‘willow’ and ‘weed’.

Question 10.
I chatter, chatter as I flow
Answer:
Repetition – the word ‘chatter’ is repeated for a poetic effect.

Question 11.
I wind about and in and out
Answer:
Antithesis – two opposite words ‘in’ and ‘out’ are used in the same line for a better poetic effect.

Question 12.
And here and there a lusty trout
Answer:
Antithesis – two words of opposite meaning ‘here’ and ‘there’ are used in the same line for poetic effect.

Question 13.
And here and there a foamy flake
Answer:
Alliteration – the sound of ‘f is repeated in ‘foamy’ and ‘flake’ for a better poetic effect.

Question 14.
For men may come and men may go
Answer:
1. Antithesis: two words it opposite meaning ‘come’ and ‘go’ are used in the same line for a better poetic effect.
2. Repetition: the word ‘men’ is repeated for a better poetic effect.

Question 15.
I make the netted sunbeam dance
Answer:
Personification – sunbeam is given the human quality of ‘dancing’.

Question 16.
I linger by my shingly bars;
I loiter round my cresses
Answer:
Personification – the brook is given the human quality of ‘lingering’ and ‘loitering’.

The Brook Summary in English

The narrator of the poem, The Brook, takes us along its course. It narrates that it begins from the places often visited by birds. It makes noise while coming down the valley. The sunlight makes the brook’s water sparkle as it flows among the ferns and through several villages. Finally it passes by Philip’s farm and joins the overflowing river. It creates a lot of bubbles and noise while swirling around an obstacle.

The brook says that it makes a lot of turns and etches out a path full of curves. Passing by many ups and downs, the brook carries blossoms on its way. A lot of fishes accompany it. Moving through different curves, the brook clashes and creates silvery water break. At the base of the brook, there are golden coloured stones. The reflection of the sunlight on the moving waters of the brook makes it seems as if the sun beams are dancing. At night under the moon and the stars, it murmurs through thorny bushes. Avoiding the obstacles, it finally flows into the river.

Introduction:

The poem ‘The Brook’ by Lord Tennyson or Alfred Lord Tennyson traces the journey of a brook from its origin to its mouth. Though very simple, the poem conveys a very deep message in a very subtle manner. The refrain in the poem ‘But I go on forever’ tells us that nature is eternal whereas we are emphemeral or short lived. We may come and go but nature stays forever.

Glossary:

1. haunt (n) – a place that one visits often, where one spends a lot of time
2. coot and hem (n) – water birds
3. sally (n) – a quick journey like an entrance to fairy land
4. bicker (v) – run noisily
5. ridges (n) – a long, narrow mountain range
6. thorpes (n) – old English word for a village
7. brimming (adj) – be full to the point of overflowing
8. sharpes and trebles (n) – musical sounds
9. eddying (adj) – move in a circular motion.
10. babble (v) – to make murmuring sound of on the bottom. water flowing over stones
11. fret (v) – wear out, gnaw
12. fallow (n) – uncultivated land
13. fairy foreland (n) – a scenic place that looks
14. willow-weed (n) – a type of plant
15. mallow (n) – a plant with purple flowers
16. lusty (adj) – healthy and strong
17. front (n) – a freshwater fish
18. flake (n)- small, flat piece of something
19. water break (n) – a place in a brook where the surface of the water is broken by irregularities on the bottom.
20. grayling – a freshwater fish with a long fin.
21. gravel (n) – pounded stones
22. skimming swallows (n) – swallows that touch the brook lightly and quickly as they or stones. fly over it.
23. shallows – an area of the brook where the water is not very deep.
24. brambly (adj) – full of prickly shrubs.
25. wildernesses (n) – an uncultivated region
26. shingly (adj) – full of small, rounded pebbles
27. bars (n) – barrier, obstacle
28. cresses (n) – small plants
29. trout (n) – freshwater fish of salmon family

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Part 1 Chapter Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the statements using correct options:

How Seasons Occur Part 2 Class 7 Question 1.
The apparent movement of the sun means that ________.
(a) the sun revolves around the earth in a year.
(b) it appears that the sun moves to the north or south in a year.
(c) the earth keeps on changing its position.
Answer:
(b) it appears that the sun moves to the north or south in a year.

How Seasons Occur Part 2 Question 2.
If the axis of the earth were not tilted ________.
(a) the earth would not have rotated around , itself.
(b) the earth would have revolved around the sun with greater velocity.
(c) different parallels on the earth would have experienced the same climate throughout the year.
Answer:
(c) different parallels on the earth would have experienced the same climate throughout the year.

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
21sl June and 22nd December are solstice days, that is ________.
(a) the sun starts its southward journey from Tropic of Cancer on 21st June and Northward journey from Tropic of Capricon on 22nd December.
(b) the Dakshinayan of the sun takes place between 21st June and 22nd December.
(c) the Uttarayan of the earth takes place between 22nd December and 21st June.
Answer:
(a) the sun starts its southward journey from Tropic of Cancer on 21st June and Northward journey from Tropic of Capricon on 22nd December.

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Class 7 Answers Question 4.
The revolution of the earth around the Sun and the tilt of the axis of the earth together are responsible for the ______.
(a) summer, rainy season, retreat of monsoon, winter.
(b) summer, winter and spring.
(c) summer and winter.
Answer:
(c) summer and winter.

2. Answer the following questions:

How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Questions And Answers Question 1.
What leads to the occurrence of seasons?
Answer:
(i) Seasons occur due to the revolution of the earth.
(ii) Seasons also occur due to the tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Question 2.
What is the duration of the day on equinox?
Answer:
(i) The circle of illumination divides all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.
(ii) Everywhere on the earth, the night time and day time are of equal duration. This condition is called equinox.
(iii) Thus, the duration of the day will be twelve hours on equinox.

How Seasons Occur – Part 1 Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
Why is the effect of the seasons not experienced in the equatorial region?
Answer:
(i) Seasons have been decided on the basis of the duration of sunlight, equinoxes & solstices
(i) The equatorial region receives perpendicular sunray almost throughout the year.
(ii) Hence the climate of that region does not change at all in the year.
(iii) Hence the effect of the seasons is not experienced in the equatorial region.

How Seasons Occur – Part 1 Questions And Answers Question 4.
Why is the sun visible for more than 24 hours during Dakshinayan in the region between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole?
Answer:
(i) Sunrays are never perpendicular on any of the parallels between Tropic of Cancer & the North pole or between Tropic of Capricorn & the South pole.
(ii) In the period from 23rd September to 21st March (Dakshinayan) the region between Antarctic circle and the south faces the sun. The whole of Antarctic Circle falls within the zone of illumination.
(iii) So the sun is visible in the sky for more than 24 hours.

Geography Class 7 How Seasons Occur – Part 2 Question 5.
Why are penguins not found at the North Pole?
Answer:
(i) The living world on the earth is affected by the cycle of seasons.
(ii) Penguins are native to south pole. Penguins have adapted to the natural conditions prevailing in the Antarctic regions of the south pole.
(iii) Besides predators like polar bears roam within the Arctic Circle. Hence penguins are found at the South pole & not at the North pole.

3. Rewrite the following statements after correcting them:

Question 1.
The earth’s velocity varies according to the period of revolution.
Answer:
The earth’s velocity varies due to the rotation of the earth.

Question 2.
If we observe from the northern hemisphere we see the apparent movement of the sun.
Answer:
We see the apparent movement of the sun from both the northern & southern hemispheres.

Question 3.
The dates of equinox change every year.
Answer:
The dates of equinox does not change every year. They vary by a day or so.

Question 4.
North Canada experiences summer from September to March.
Answer:
North Canada experience winter from September to March.

Question 5.
When it is summer in South Africa, Australia has winter.
Answer:
When it is summer in South Africa, Australia has summer.

Question 6.
Duration of daytime is less on the vernal and autumnal equinoxes.
Answer:
On the vernal (spring) equinox and autumnal equinox, day and night time are of the same duration.

4. Spot the error in the diagram given below:

Answer:
Spring Equinox – 21st March
Summer Solstice – 21st June
Winter Solstice – 22nd December

5. Draw a diagram showing the cycle of seasons in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:

ICT Question :

Question 1.
Using the internet sites or a calendar, find and note the duration of the day for specific dates between 22nd March and 23rd September. Calculate the duration of the nights too. Using this information draw a compound bar graph.
Question 2.
Draw a diagram of aphelion and perihelion positions of the earth on the computer.

Activity:

Using the internet, collect pictorial information of any four migratory birds/animals.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell:

Figure shows the position of the earth with its tilted axis on 21st June and 22nd December. It also shows its illuminated and dark positions. Observe the figure and answer the following.

Question 1.
In fig ‘A which pole is receiving sunlight?
Answer:
North Pole is receiving sunlight in Fig ‘A’

Question 2.
In fig ‘B’ which pole is not receiving sunlight?
Answer:
North Pole is not receiving sunlight in Fig. ‘B’

Question 3.
Which hemisphere has the longest daytime on 21st June?
Answer:
Northern hemisphere has the longest daytime on 21st June.

Question 4.
Which hemisphere will have the longest night on 22nd December?
Answer:
Northern hemisphere will have the largest night in 22nd December.

Question 5.
On which date will the Tropic of Cancer receive perpendicular sunrays?
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer will receive perpendicular sunrays on 21st June.

Question 6.
Considering the position of the north pole, which season will prevail in the northern hemisphere from 22nd March to 23rd September?
Answer:
Summer season will prevail in the northern hemisphere from 22nd March to 23rd September.

Question 7.
The cricket matches in Australia are generally in summer, when does Australia have summer?
Answer:
Summer season prevails in Australia from 23rd September to 21st March.

Question 8.
In which period is the ‘midnight sun’ observable in Norway? Which season will there be at that time?
Answer:
Midnight sun is observable in Norway from 21st March to 23rd September. It will be summer in Norway that time.

Question 9.
At what time will the midnight sun be visible at the “Bharati Research Station” of India at Antarctica? What will be the season there at that time?
Answer:
The midnight sun will be visible at Bharati Research Station of India at Antarctica from 23rd September to 21st March. It will be summer season there.

Use your brain power:

Question 1.
The summer capital of Jammu & Kashmir is Srinagar while the winter capital is Jammu. What could be the reason?
Answer:
(i) Jammu is located in the southern part of the state of Jammu & Kashmir whereas Srinagar is located to its north.

(ii) Also Jammu is located at an altitude of 350m whereas Srinagar is located at an altitude of approximately 1500m.

(iii) So Jammu has higher temperature in summer as compared to Srinagar. As Srinagar has pleasant climate in summer, it acts as summer capital of the state.

(iv) As winters are not very cold in Jammu & it is early accessible, it acts as a winter capital of the state.

Question 2.
While India & England are located in the same hemisphere why are the cricket matches in these two countries arranged in different months?
Answer:
(i) As India is a tropical country summers temperature are very high. England on the other hand falls in the temperate zone which has mild summers. Hence, England is suitable for cricket matches in summer.

(ii) As England lies in the temperate zone it her very cold winters. India on the other hand has mild winters as it is a tropical country. Thus India is suitable for cricket matches in winters. Hence, although India & England are located in the same hemisphere, due to latitudinal differences, the cricket matches in these two countries are arranged in different months.

Question 3.
On 21st March and 23rd September, daytime and night time are same all over the earth. But why do some parts experience summer and some winter on the these days?
Answer:
(i) If the earth’s axis were not tilted, the same climatic conditions would have prevailed on each of the different parallels throughout the year.

(ii) The seasons would not have occurred. It is due to the tilt of the earth’s axis that some parts of the earth experience summer and some winter on these days.

Question 4.
Mention any two countries in the world where one needs woollen clothing in the month of May. Also mention their latitudinal positions.
Answer:
South Africa is on 23°S latitude.
Iceland is on 65°N latitude.

Question 5.
On equinox days, the two poles experience either sunrise or sunset. On which pole will it be sunrise on 21st March?
Answer:
Sunrise will be experienced on the North pole.

Think about it:

Question 1.
In which direction will the location of sunrise and sunset appear to move after 22nd of December?
Answer:
On 22nd December the sun reaches the southernmost position as seen from the earth. The sun seems to stand still at the Tropic of Capricon and then reverses its direction. The sun appears to move northwards after 22nd December.

Observe Fig of textbook page 47 carefully & answer:

Question 2.
positioned relative to the sun on the dates given in the figure?
Answer:
(i) The northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun in the period between 21st March is 23rd September. Hence, northern hemisphere experiences summer season.

(ii) It is tilted away from the sun in the period between 23rd September to 21st March. Hence, northern hemisphere experiences winter season.

Question 3.
Which season will you experience in the northern hemisphere around 22nd December?
Answer:
We will experience Winter season in the northern hemisphere around 22nd December.

Question 4.
What would be the season in the northern hemisphere around 21st June?
Answer:
It will be Summer season in the northern hemisphere around 21st June.

Question 5.
If it is winter in the northern hemisphere which season will it be in opposite hemisphere?
Answer:
If it is winter in the northern hemisphere, the southern hemisphere will experience summer season.

Question 6.
At any given point of time why are the season in the northern and southern hemisphere different?
Answer:
(i) Regardless of the time of the year, the northern and southern hemisphere experience opposite seasons.

(ii) In the period from 21st March to 23rd September the northern hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because this hemisphere faces the sun.

(iii) In the period from 23rd September to 21st March the southern hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight.

(iv) It is the tilt of the Earth that causes the difference in the seasons.

Question 7.
What effects do the seasons have on the biodiversity in India? Write briefly about it:
Answer:
(i) The living world on the earth is affected by the cycle of seasons.

(ii) Change in seasons cause immense biodiversity loss, affecting both individual species and their ecosystem that support economic growth and human well being.

(iii) Greater frequency and severity of heat waves and extreme weather is a threat to the survival of mankind and animals too.

(iv) Floral and animal activity variation depends on seasonal temperature variation with different species flowering at specific times before or after monsoon seasons.

(v) Any change in rainfall pattern poses a threat to agriculture.

Give it a try:

Question 1.
Regarding daytime & the cycle of season, what conditions would have prevailed at the following place, if the earth’s axis were not tilled? (Canada, Tasmania, Nigeria, West Indies, Peru, Borneo)
Answer:

• Effect on day & night time: If the earth’s axis were not titled the duration of day time & night time would have been equal throughout the year.
• Effect on seasons: There would be no seasonal change on the earth.
• Canada and Tasmania would experience winter throughout the year as they are located near the poles.
• West Indies, Peru, Nigeria, Borneo would experience summer throughout the year as they are located near the equator.

Can you tell:

Discuss the activity you have been carrying out since June (Refer ch. 1) make use of the observation tables for the months of June, September & December.

Question 1.
In which month the duration of the day was around 12 hours?
Answer:
The duration of the day was around 12 hours in the month of September.

Question 2.
What could be the reason behind it?
Answer:
The duration of day is 12 hours in the month of September because both the hemispheres of the earth are at equal distance from the sun & the equator receives perpendicular rays of the sun.

Question 3.
Bring out the differences between the duration of daytime in the months of June, September & December.
Answer:
The duration of day is around 13 hours in the month of June. It decreases to around 12 hours in the month of September. It is around 11 hours in the month of December.

Question 4.
What could be the reason for the change in the shadow of the stick?
Answer:
There is a change in the shadow of the stick because there is a change in position of the sunrise & sunset.

Question 5.
What did you observe about the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset?
Answer:
(i) After 21st June the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset shifted southwards.
(ii) After 22nd December the position of the sun at the horizon at the time of sunrise & sunset shifted north wards.

Question 6.
Which of the following factors could be related with the change in the position of the shadow of the stick & the difference in the duration of daytime?
(i) Rotation of the earth
(ii) Distance between the earth & the sun
(iii) Revolution of the earth.
(iv) The axis of the earth.
Answer:
(i) Revolution of the earth
(ii) The axis of the earth.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 How Seasons Occur Part 2 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The position of the sun at sunrise, appears to change on the ______ everyday.
Answer:
horizon

Question 2.
_______ occurs only with reference to the northern and the southern hemispheres.
Answer:
Seasons

Question 3.
The path of the revolution of the earth around the sun is ______.
Answer:
elliptical

Question 4.
As the earth revolves around the sun, its perpendicular rays fall on the _____ twice a year.
Answer:
equator

Question 5.
In the northern hemisphere prevails from 21st March to 21st June, while ______ prevails from 23rd September to 22nd December.
Answer:
spring, autumn

Question 6.
________ is the longest day and has the shortest night in the northern hemisphere.
Answer:
21st June

Question 7.
_____ marks the longest day and the shortest night in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:
22nd December

Question 8.
On the _____ the duration of day and night is the same throughout the year.
Answer:
equator

Question 9.
The occurrence of seasons one after the other leads to the ______.
Answer:
cycle of seasons

Question 10.
Agricultural seasons also depend on the local ________ conditions.
Answer:
climatic

Question 11.
Continuous, occurrence of rain in a specific period gives rise to additional _______ besides summer and winter.
Answer:
season

Question 12.
On _____ and ______ day time and night time are same all over the earth.
Answer:
21st March, 23rd September

Question 13.
The period in which the position of the rising sun keeps moving towards the south is called _______.
Answer:
Dakshinayan

Question 14.
The period in which the position of the rising sun keeps moving towards the north is called _______.
Answer:
Uttarayan

Question 15.
In the northern hemisphere 23rd September is called ____ equinox.
Answer:
Autumnal

Complete the following sentence:

Question 1.
The movement of the sun towards the north or south in a year is called ________.
Answer:
the apparent movement of the sun

Question 2.
Seasons occur only with reference to _______.
Answer:
the northern and the southern hemisphere

Question 3.
The diurnal apparent movement of the sun is related to _______.
Answer:
the rotation of the earth

Question 4.
The annual apparent movement of the sun is related to ______.
Answer:
the revolution of the earth and the tilt of earth’s axis

Question 5.
In the first week of July, the earth is at _______.
Answer:
the farthest point from the sun.

Question 6.
The circle of illumination1 divides ______.
Answer:
all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.

Question 7.
In the northern hemisphere, spring prevails ______.
Answer:
from 21st March to 21st June.

Question 8.
In the northern hemisphere, autumn prevails ______.
Answer:
from 23rd September to 22nd December.

Question 9.
Only on 21st June and 22nd December, the sun rays become _____.
Answer:
perpendicular on the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricon respectively

Question 10.
Seasons have been decided on the basis of _________.
Answer:
the duration of sunlight, equinoxes and solstices

Question 11.
The living world on the earth is affected by ________.
Answer:
the cycle of seasons.

Question 12.
Continuous occurrence of rain in a specific period gives rise to _____.
Answer:
an additional season besides summer and winter.

Complete the statements using the correct options:

Question 1.
In the course of one year, Arctic tern has to travel in search of food.
(a) around 50,000 km.
(b) around 70,000 km.
(c) around 90,000 km.
Answer:
(b) around 70,000 km.

Question 2.
Due to severe winter and lack of food, Siberian cranes from the cold northern regions visit India travelling around
(a) 8 to 10 thousand kilometers.
(b) 10 to 12 thousand kilometers.
(c) 12 to 14 thousand kilometers.
Answer:
(a) 8 to 10 thousand kilometers.

Question 3.
The two Poles experience either sunrise or sunset on
(a) Solstice days.
(b) Equinox days.
(c) Dakshinayan.
Answer:
(b) Equinox days.

Question 4.
The diurnal apparent movement of the sun is related to
(a) the revolution of the earth.
(b) rotation of the earth.
(c) tilt of the earth’s axis.
Answer:
(b) rotation of the earth

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the apparent movement of the sun?
Answer:
The movement of the sun towards the north or south in a year is called the apparent movement of the sun.

Question 2.
What is Equinox?
Answer:
On 21st March and 23rd September, the north pole and the south pole are at the same distance from the earth due to which the daytime & night time are of equal duration every where on earth. This is called Equinox.

Question 3.
How have seasons been decided?
Answer:
Seasons have been decided on the basis of the duration of sunlight, equinoxes and solstices.

Question 4.
Name the four seasons of Europe and North America.
Answer:
The four seasons in Europe and North America are summer, autumn, winter and spring.

Question 5.
Which living creatures are found in the Antarctic region?
Answer:
Birds like penguins, fish like seal and animals like walruses are found in the Antarctic region.

Question 6.
Which animals are found in the polar region of the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
In the polar region of the northern hemisphere animals like reindeer, polar bears, Arctic foxes, etc are found.

Question 7.
What are the factors that influence the seasons?
Answer:
The changes in the atmosphere, vapour in the air, the wind and the precipitation influence the seasons.

Question 8.
What do you mean by Dakshinayan?
Answer:
The period in which (from 21st June to 22nd December) the position of the rising sun keeps on moving towards the south is called as Dakshinayan.

Question 9.
What is Uttarayan?
Answer:
The period in which (from 22nd December to 21st June) the position of the rising sun keeps on moving towards the north is called as Uttarayan.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is called perihelion position of the earth?
Answer:

• As the earth moves in an ellipse, its distance from the sun does not remain the same.
•  It is at its minimum distance in the first week of January.
• This is called the perihelion position of the earth.

Question 2.
What is called aphelion position of the earth.
Answer:

• In the first week of July, the earth is at the farthest point from the sun.
• This is called the aphelion position.

Question 3.
What is called circle of illumination?
Answer:

• The illuminated and dark portions of all the parallels including the equator is called circle of illumination.
• It divides all the parallels from the north pole to the south pole equally.

Question 4.
What are Solstice days?
Answer:

• Solstice days are the days when the earth’s tilt towards the sun is at its maximum.
• On 21st June the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the Tropic of Cancer starts receiving perpendicular rays of the sun.
• On 22nd December the Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun & the Tropic of Capricorn starts receiving perpendicular rays of the sun.
• These two days are called solstice days.

Question 5.
Draw the diagram showing the Aphelion and perihelion position:
Answer:

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the correct option:

The Maratha War Of Independence Class 7 Question 1.
Aurangzeb was annoyed by his bravery.
(a) Shahajada Akbar
(b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(c) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj
Answer:
(b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

The Maratha War Of Independence Question Answer Question 2.
These decamped with the golden pinnacle from the Emperor’s tent.
(a) Santaji and Dhanaji
(b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan
(c) Khando Ballal and Rupaji Bhosale
Answer:
(b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan

Std 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 3.
He fought very bravely in the Goa battle.
(a) Yesaji Kank
(b) Nemaji Shinde
(c) Pralhad Niraji
Answer:
(a) Yesaji Kank

2. Find in the text in the lesson and write answers:

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 1.
Why did Sambhaji Maharaj return halfway from the Janjira campaign? ‘
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against the Siddi of Janjira in 1682 CE.
(b) The Marathas laid siege to Siddi’s Dandarajpuri and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
(c) But on the other hand, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj. Hence Sambhaji Maharaj returned halfway from the Janjira campaign to protect/defend his kingdom.

9 The Maratha War Of Independence Question 2.
Why did Sambhaji Maharaj decide to teach a lesson to the Portuguese?
Answer:
The Portuguese of Goa joined hands with the Emperor against Sambhaji Maharaj so ) the Maharaj decided to teach a lesson to the Portuguese.

The Maratha War Of Independence Question 3.
While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj left the responsibility of protecting Swaraj to whom?
Answer:
While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj had assigned the duty to protect Swaraj to Ramchandrapant, Amatya, Shankaraji, Narayan Sachiv, Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav.

9 The Maratha War Of Independence Class 7 Question 4.
Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s Valour in which words?
Answer:
Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s valour in his Marathi poem:

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Aurangzeb turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Qutubshahi Kingdom.
Answer:
(a) Aurangzeb was not able to succeed his campaign against the Marathas.
(b) Therefore he suspended the campaign and turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Kutubshahi states.

Question 2.
After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, the Marathas intensified their war with the Mughals.
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj was brutally put to death by Aurangzeb.
(b) The Marathas took inspiration from his sacrifice and intensified their fight against the Mughals.

Question 3.
It was decided that the Raigad fort should be fought under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.
Answer:
(a) Zulfikarkhan put Raigad under siege.
(b) Rajaram Maharaj and his wife Maharani Tarabai, Sambhaji Maharaj’s wife, Maharani Yesubai and his son Shahu were in Raigad.
(c) It was very risky for all members of the royal family to stay at one place.
(d) It was decided that Rajaram should escape from Raigad and the fight to defend Raigad would continue under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.

Activity:

Show Goa, Bijapur, Golconda, Jinji, Ahmadabad and Ahmednagar on a map of India.

Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option:

Question 1.
Akbar sought shelter with –
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj
(b) Mukarrab Khan
(c) Rajaram Maharaj
Answer:
Sambhaji Maharaj

Question 2.
Aurangzeb died in 1707 at –
(a) Kolhapur
(b) Janjira
(c) Ahmadnagar
Answer:
Ahmadnagar

Arrange the events chronologically:

• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.

Answer:

• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.
• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.

Write the meaning of:

Question 1.
Artillery
Answer:
The army unit that uses big guns with big barrels.

Question 2.
Killedar / Kiledar
Answer:
In charge of the fort.

Question 3.
Guerilla tactics
Answer:
The use of surprise raids hit and run by the army and repetitive attacks on the enemy.

Find from the text and write the answers:

Question 1.
Who took away the golden pinnacle from the Emperor’s own tent?
Answer:
(a) Santaji Ghorpade
(b) Vithoji Chavan

Question 2.
Name the faithful Sardars of Raj aram Maharaj who joined him in the Jinji campaign.
Answer:
(a) Pralhad Niraji
(b) Khando Ballal
(c) Rupaji Bhosale.

Question 3.
What was Tarabai’s warfare method called?
Answer:
Tarabai’s warfare method was called ‘Safe deposit locker system’.

Question 4.
How did Aurangzeb entice many Maratha Sardars on his side?
Answer:
Aurangzeb enticed many Maratha Sardars on his side by giving them watans and jagirs.

Question 5.
Why was it decided that Rajaram Maharaj should escape from Raigad and go to Jinji?
Answer:
(a) The Jinji fort was far off in the south and was invincible.
(b) It was not an easy task for the Mughals to capture this fort.
Hence Rajaram escaped from Raigad and went to Jinji.

Question 6.
How does Khafikhan describe Maharani Tarabai?
Answer:
Khafikhan described Maharani Tarabai in the following words “She is intelligent and wise. She became very famous for her management of army and administration even during the rule of her husband”.

Question 7.
When was the sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end seen?
Answer:
It was when trusted Sardars like Krishnaji Sawant, Khanderao Dabhada, Dhanaji Jadhav and Nemaji Shinde started the battles on various fronts against the Mughals outside Maharashtra which gave a sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end.

Find out and write:

Question 1.
They were in the forefront to invade Mughal territories.
Answer:
Santaji and Dhanaji

Question 2.
He died in March 1700.
Answer:
Rajaram Maharaj

Question 3.
He rebelled against his father and sought shelter with Sambhaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Prince Akbar

Question 4.
The Incharge of the Kolhapur province.
Answer:
Mukarrabkhan

Question 5.
The Great Maratha soldier of whom the Mughal soldiers were scared of.
Answer:
Dhanaji

Question 6.
The Historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai described Rajaram Maharaj as.
Answer:
‘Sthirbuddhi’ (Level Headed)

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.
Answer:

• Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against Siddi in 1682 CE.
• His army laid a siege to Dandarajpuri fort and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
• But at the same time, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj.
• Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.

Question 2.
Noted historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai has described Rajaram Maharaj by using the adjective ‘Sthirbuddhi’. (Level Headed)
Answer:

• Rajaram Maharaj was thoughtful and kind- hearted.
• He brought together all the capable people in the Maratha empire.
• He united them and thus created a new enthusiasm amongst them.
• After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, he fought against Aurangzeb for 11 years with great courage and tenacity.
• Rajaram Maharaj’s greatest achievement is that he protected Swaraj in those extremely difficult times.

Question 3.
The Eighteenth century is known as the Maratha Century.
Answer:

• After the death of Aurangzeb, not only did the Marathas filled the vacuum in the political arena, but also lead the political affairs.
• They ruled over Delhi’s throne and almost all parts of Hindustan and also protected it.
• Due to sequence of events, the 18th century is known as the ‘Maratha Century’.

Complete the following flow chart:

The lineage of the Bhosale family.

Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Give examples of 3 plants that have:

Question a.
Spiny fruits
Answer:
Jack fruit, Pineapple, Lychee (litchi), Datura

Question b.
Spiny stem
Answer:
Cactus, Wild rose, Catclaw acacia, Silk, Cotton

Question c.
Red flowers
Answer:
Rose, Dahlia, Hibiscus, Tulips,

Question d.
Yellow flowers
Answer:
Marigold, Daffodil, Sunflower, Daisy

Question e.
Leaves which close at night
Answer:
Mimosa plant, Tallwood, Prayer plant, Gulmohar

Question f.
Single seeded fruits
Answer:
Mango, Lychee, Jamun

Question g.
Many seeded fruits
Answer:
Custard apple, Papaya, Watermelon.

2. Observe any one flower and its various parts and describe it in your own words.

Question a.
Answer:

A flower has following parts:
1. Pedicel: (a) Flower may have a long or a short stalk called pedicel, (b) One end of the pedicel is attached to the stem, (c) The other end of the pedicel is expanded and swollen. It is called the receptacle, (d) Petals and other parts of the flower are supported on the receptacle.
2. Calyx: In the bud condition, the petals are covered by leaf like parts called sepals which are green in colour. They form the calyx.
3. Corolla: This is made up of colourful parts called petals.
4. Androecium: (a) This is the male reproductive part of the flower, (b) It consists of stamens, (c) Each stamen is made up of anther and filament.
5. Gynoecium: (a) This is the female reproductive part of the flower, (b) This is made up of carpels, (c) A carpel consists of stigma, style and ovary.

3. What are the similarities and differences between?

Question a.
Jowar and Moong
Differences:

Jowar	Moong
i. It has fibrous root.	i. It has tap root.
ii. It is a monocotyledonous seed.	ii. It is a dicotyledonous seed.
iii. It is a rabi crop.	iii. It is a kharif crop

Similarities:
Jowar and Moong both are angiosperms.

Question b.
Onion and Coriander
Differences:

Onion	Coriander
i. It is a biennial plant.	i. It is an annual plant.
ii. It has monocoty­ledonous seed.	ii. It has dicotyledonous seeds.
iii. It has fibrous root.	iii. It has tap root but later on changes to fibrous root system.

Similarities:

1. Both are used in cooking.
2. Both are edible.
3. Both belongs to kingdom plantae.

Question c.
Leaves of banana and Leaves of mango
Answer:

Leaves of banana	Leaves of mango
i. It has parallel venation.	i. It has reticulate venation.
ii.  It is very large in size.	ii. It is small in size.
iii. It is a monocotyledonous plant.	iii. It is a dicotyledonous plant.

Question d.
Coconut tree and Jowar stalk plant
Answer:
Differences:

Coconut tree	Jowar stalk plant
i. It is tall and has a thick stem	i. It is small and has a thin stem.
ii. It has strong root system.	ii. It has weak root system.
iii. Each and every part of tree is useful.	iii. Only seeds are useful.

Similarities:

1. Both are from same kingdom plantae.
2. Both are autotrophic.
3. Both are monocotyledonous plants.

4. Explain the following images in your own words.

Question a.

Answer:

1. Diagram A is of maize seed. It is a monocotyledonous seed and does not divide into two equal parts. The plant has fibrous root system.
2. Diagram B is of bean seed. It is a dicotyledonous seed and it divides into two equal parts. The plant has tap root system.

5. Describe the functions of various parts of a plant.

Question a.
Describe the functions of various parts of a plant.
Answer:
The functions of various parts of a plant are as below.
1. Root: (a) Fixation: It anchors the plant body to the soil, so helps in fixation, (b) Absorption: It absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, so helps in absorption, (c) Conduction: The root translocates water and mineral salts into the stem. (d) Storage: A certain amount of food is stored in the root which is utilized as it grows.
(e) Preventing soil erosion: It helps to bind the soil particles and prevent them from being blown away by wind or water.
2. Stem: (a) It supports and holds leaves, flower and fruits, (b) The stem conducts the water and minerals from roots to leaves and fruits, (c) It stores the food.
3. Leaves: (a) It synthesizes food for the plant, (b) Stomata, the tiny openings in the leaf help in gaseous exchange and are responsible for the process of transpiration.
4. Flower: It helps in pollination.
5. Fruit: (a) It protects the seed, (b) It helps in seed dispersal.
6. Seed: A new plant develops from it.

6. Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.

Question a.
Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.
leaves with smooth surface, leaves with rough surface, fleshy leaf, spines on leaf.
Answer:

1. Leaves with smooth surface: e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent trunk. It has parallel venation.
2. Leaves with rough surface: e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed.
3. Fleshy leaf: e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light.
4. Spines on leaf: e.g. Opuntia, Ci/cas, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and having spines on it.

7. Find the plant parts.

Question a.

Answer:

ROOT, ROOT CAP, ROOT HAIR, BUD, PETALS, STEM, RADICLE, FLOWER, LEAF, VEIN, CALYX, NODE, OVUM.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants Structure And Function Question Answer Activity:

Sketch various types of leaves in Paintbrush on the computer and save the sketches in a folder of your own name.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function Important Questions and Answers

Plants Structure And Function Exercise Fill in the blanks:

Plants Structure And Function Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 1.
The part that grows from inside the seed towards the soil is called the …………….. .
Answer:
radicle

Plants Structure And Function Class 7 Question 2.
The part that grows above the soil from the seed is called the …………….. .
Answer:
plumule

Plants Structure And Function Question And Answer Question 3.
The part of the plant growing below the soil from radicle for support is called …………….. .
Answer:
root

Plants Structure And Function Class 7 Exercise Question 4.
The …………….. protects the root-tip from injuries.
Answer:
root cap

Plants Structure And Function Exercise Question 5.
Roots bearing hair like processes near the root tips are called …………….. .
Answer:
root hairs

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Plants Structure And Function Question Answer Question 6.
Thread-like or fibre like roots arising from the stem are called ……………. .
fibrous roots

Question 7.
The stem grows above the soil from the …………….. of the sprouting seed.
Answer:
plumule

Question 8.
Leaves come out at the …………….. .
Answer:
nodes

Question 9.
The part of the stem between two nodes is called …………….. .
Answer:
inter node

Question 10.
The tip or the apical end of the stem is called a …………….. .
Answer:
bud

Question 11.
The broad, spread out part of the leaf is called the …………….. or …………….. .
Answer:
leaf blade, lamina

Question 12.
The tip of the leaf is called the …………….. .
Answer:
leaf apex

Question 13.
Leaves of some plants have a stalk called a …………….. .
Answer:
petiole

Question 14.
The portion of the leaf attached to the stem is called the …………….. .
Answer:
leaf base

Question 15.
Small leaf like structures near the leaf base is called …………….. .
Answer:
stipides

Question 16.
Flowers may have a long or a short stalk called …………….. .
Answer:
pedicel

Question 17.
One end of the pedicel is attached to the …………….. .
Answer:
stem

Question 18.
…………….. is a male reproductive organ of the flower.
Answer:
Androecium

Question 19.
…………….. is a female reproductive organ of the
Answer:
gynoecium

Question 20.
Androecium consists of …………….. .
Answer:
stamens

Question 21.
Gynoecium consists of …………….. .
Answer:
carpels

Question 22.
Seeds which get divided into two equal parts are called …………….. seeds.
Answer:
dicotyledonous

Question 23.
Seeds which do not divide into two equal parts are …………….. called seeds.
Answer:
monocotyledonous

Question 24.
Petals and other parts of the flower are supported on the …………….. .
Answer:
receptacle

Question 25.
Sepals are …………….. in colour.
Answer:
green.

Match the columns:

Question  1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Peepal	a. carpels
2. Maize	b. stamen
3. Androecium	c. parallel venation
4. Gynoecium	d. reticulate venation

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Peepal	d. reticulate venation
2. Maize	c. parallel venation
3. Androecium	b. stamen
4. Gynoecium	a. carpels

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Tap roots	a. stem
2. Fibrous roots	b. root
3. Radicle	c. monocotyledonous plants
4. Plumule	d. dicotyledonous plants

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column B’
1. Tap roots	d. dicotyledonous plants
2. Fibrous roots	c. monocotyledonous plants
3. Radicle	b. root
4. Plumule	a. stem

Question 3.

Column A’	Column B’
1. Leaf-tip	a. petiole
2. Edge of leaf blade	b. leaf margin
3. Portion of leaf attached to stem	c. lamina
4. Stalk of leaf	d. leaf apex
	e. leaf base

Answer:

Column A’	Column B’
1. Leaf-tip	d. leaf apex
2. Edge of leaf blade	b. leaf margin
3. Portion of leaf attached to stem	e. leaf base
4. Stalk of leaf	a. petiole

Say whether True or False Correct and rewrite the false statements:

Question 1.
Stem grows from radicle.
Answer:
False. Stem grows from the Plumule

Question 2.
Leaf margins may be entire, dentate or lobed.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The leaf blade of leaves in some plants is divided into many small parts called leaflets.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Maize plant has reticulate venation.
Answer:
False. Maize plant has parallel venation

Question 5.
A carpel consists of stigma, style and ovary.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
A stamen is made up of nodes and internodes.
Answer:
False. A stamen is made up of anther filament

Question 7.
The ovary develops into a fruit.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Fertilized ovules form the seeds.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
A mango fruit contains many seeds.
Answer:
False. A mango fruit contains only one seed

Question 10.
A fruit like cashew have seed outside the fruit.
Answer:
True.

Question 11.
Leaves of some plants do not have a petiole.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
The peepal leaf has parallel venation.
Answer:
False. It has reticulate venation.

Find the odd one out:

Question 1.
Pea, Moong, maize, groundnut
Answer:
Maize – Its seed is monocotyledonous, while others have dicotyledonous seeds.

Question 2.
Cashew, apple, mango, chikoo
Answer:
Cashew – Its seed is outside the fruit, others have internal seeds.

Question 3.
Stigma, anther, style, ovary
Answer:
Anther – It is a part of androecium, while others are a part of gynoecium.

Question 4.
Petiole, vein, calyx, apex
Answer:
Calyx – It is a part of flower, whereas others are parts of leaf.

Question 5.
Aerial, stilt, runner, lobed
Answer:
Lobed – It is a type of leaf margin, while others are types of modified roots.

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which types of roots do the fenugreek, spinach and onion plants have?
Answer:

1. Fenugreek and spinach have tap roots with a few secondary roots whereas onion has fibrous root.
2. Fenugreek roots also have some nodules which contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.

Question 2.
What are called prop roots?
Answer:
Roots emerging from the trunk and branches of a banyan tree grow towards the soil. These roots are called prop roots.

Question 3.
What is called reticulate venation?
Answer:

1. A leaf is divided into two equal parts by a single mid-vein which lies along the midline of the leaf blade.
2. Secondary veins arise from the mid-vein. They are branched and form a network or reticulum. Such a type of venation is called reticulate venation.

Question 4.
What is called parallel venation?
Answer:
In a leaf all the veins are parallel, running from the leaf base to the leaf apex. Such a venation is called parallel venation.

Question 5.
What is pollination?
Answer:
After maturity, anthers burst and the pollen grains which are released fall on the stigma. This process is called pollination.

Question 6.
Why are the underground parts of plants like radish, carrot, beet and sweet potato thick, fleshy and swollen? Which parts of the plant are they?
Answer:
The underground parts of plants like radish, carrot, beet and sweet potato are thick, fleshy and swollen because they store food in the form of starch. These are the root part of the plant.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Tap roots and fibrous roots.
Answer:

Tap roots	Fibrous roots
1. Roots of some plants produce secondary roots that grow obliquely and spread far and wide in the soil. This type of root is called a tap root.	1. Thread like or fibre roots arising from the stem are called fibrous roots.
2. It is found in dicotyledonous plant.	2.  It is found in monocotyle-donous plant.

Question 2.
Dicotyledonous seeds and monocotyledonous seeds.
Answer:

Dicotyledonous seeds	Monocotyledonous seeds
1. Seeds which get divided into two equal parts are called dicotyledonous seeds.	1. Seeds which do not divide into two equal parts are called monocotyledonous seeds.
2. Dicotyledonous seeded plants have tap root system.	2. Monocotyledonous seeded plants have fibrous root system.

Draw neat and labelled diagram for the following:

Question 1.
Tap root
Answer:

Question 2.
Parts of a leaf.
Answer:

Question 3.
Parts of stem
Answer:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.
Answer:

1. Leaves with smooth surface: e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent trunk. It has parallel venation.
2. Leaves with rough surface: e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed.
3. Fleshy leaf: e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light.
4. Spines on leaf: e.g. Opuntia, Cycas, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and having spines on it.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What would have happened if plants like tamarind, banyan and mango had fibrous roots?
Answer:
If plants like banyan, mango, tamarind had fibrous roots they would get uprooted and fall even with a little strong wind as the roots would not be able to support and anchor the trees firmly.

Question 2.
What will happen if the root-tip is injured?
Answer:

1. Root cap helps the root to grow downward It protects the sensitive part of the root and eases the movement of the root through the soil.
2. Injury of the root tip causes the root to grow randomly and it also may lead to injury of the sensitive part of the root.

Question 3.
Which types of roots do the fenugreek, spinach and onion plants have?
Answer:

1. Fenugreek and spinach have tap roots with a few secondary roots whereas onion has fibrous root.
2. Fenugreek roots also have some nodules which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Question 4.
Of what use to a plant are the insects flitting about around its flowers?
Answer:

1. The insects try to suck the nectar from the flowers and in that process the pollen grains stick to their legs.
2. When they sit on another flower the pollen grain stick to the stigma and the pollination takes place. Thus, these insects help in the pollination.

Observe the figure and answer the questions given.

1.

Question a.
What is shown in the picture?
Answer:
The picture shows the arrangement of leaves on the stem.

Question b.
What arrangement is shown in (A), (B), and (C)?
Answer:
(A) Alternate (B) Opposite (C) Whorled

2.

Question a.
Lable parts 1 to 6.
Answer:

1. Gynoecium or carpel
2. Corolla
3. Androecium (Stamen)
4. Ovary
5. Corolla
6. Pedicel

Question b.
Name the female reproductive part.
Answer:
Gynoecium

Question c.
Name the colourful part of the flower.
Answer:
Corolla

Question d.
Which part develops into fruit?
Answer:
Ovary

Question e.
Which pa pollination?
Answer:
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of flower is called pollination.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Classify according to food-type.
Tiger, cow, vulture, bacteria, deer, goat, human, fungus, lion, sparrow, buffalo, frog, cockroach, tick.
Answer:

• Carnivores: tiger, Lion
• Herbivores: cow, deer, goat, buffalo
• Scavengers: vulture
• Decomposers: fungus, bacteria
• Granivores: sparrow
• Insectivores: frog Parasitic: tick
• Omnivores: human, cockroach

2. Nutrition In Living Organisms Class 7 Exercise Match the pairs.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Question Answer Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Parasitic plant	a. Mushroom
2. Parasitic plant	b. Lichen
3. Saprophytic plant	c. Drosera
4. Symbiotic plant	d. Cuscuta

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Parasitic plant	d. Cuscuta
2. Parasitic plant	c. Drosera
3. Saprophytic plant	a. Mushroom
4. Symbiotic plant	b. Lichen

3. Answer the following questions in your words. 

Question a.
Why do living organisms need nutrition?
Answer:
Living organisms need nutrition due to the following: (a) To supply the energy required for doing work, (b) For growth and development of the body, (c) To replace the damaged cells and repair tissues, (d) To fight diseases.

Question b.
Explain the process of production of food in plants.
Answer:
1. Green plants can produce their own food. With the help of sunlight and chlorophyll, plants make their own food in their leaves, using water and nutrients from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air.

2. This process is called as photosynthesis. In this process plants give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide.

Question c.
What is meant by parasitic plants? Name their different types with examples of each.
Answer:
The plants that grow on the body of other plants to obtain food are called as parasitic plants.

There are two types of parasitic plants:

• Holoparasites: e.g. Rafflesiaceae
• Hemiparasites: e.g. Loranthaceae

Question d.
Explain the various steps of nutrition in animals.
Answer:
Steps of nutrition in animals are as follows:

1. Ingestion: Food is taken into the body.
2. Digestion: Conversion of food into simple soluble forms.
3. Absorption: Transfer of soluble food to the blood.
4. Assimilation: Utilization of absorbed food by cells and tissues for energy production, growth and repair.
5. Egestion: Removal of waste products and undigested food from body.

Question e.
Name some unicellular organisms in which all life processes take place within their unicellular body.
Answer:
Unicellular organisms like amoeba, euglena, paramoecium in which all life processes take place within their unicellular body.

4. Give reasons.

Question a.

Insectivorous plants are attractively coloured.
Answer:

1. Insectivorous plants generally grow in soil or water deficient in nitrogen compounds.
2. The plant body of the Drosera burmanii has a flower like appearance. It grows close to the ground. Even its leaves are attractively pink or red in colour with hairs at the margin.
3. Droplets of a sticky substances found on tips of the hairs attract insects.
4. These plants consume insects to fulfill their need for nitrogen. To attract the insects these plants are attractively coloured.

Question b.
Butterflies have a long tube-like proboscis.
Answer:
Holozoic mode of nutrition means the feeding of solid and liquid food by animals. Butterflies live on nectar from flowers. Therefore to suck the nectar from flowers, they have a long tube-like structure called proboscis.

5. Prepare and complete the flowchart according to type of nutrition.

Question a.
Prepare and complete the flowchart according to type of nutrition.

Answer:

6. Think and answer.

Question a.
We prepare a variety of foodstuffs and dishes at home. Are we then autotrophic organisms?
Answer:

1. We prepare a variety of foodstuffs and dishes at home but we are not autotrophic organisms.
2. In autotrophic organisms they have chlorophyll in their body and food is prepared here with help of sunlight, water and CO₂ for the organisms.
3. But the food which we prepare at home is not generated in our body.

Question b.
Which organisms are greater in number – autotrophs or heterotrophs? Why?
Answer:

1. Autotrophs have chlorophyll in the cell and here the organic food is prepared using sunlight, water and CO₂.
2. They do not depend on any other organism for survival.
3. But the heterotrophs depend on autotrophs and other organisms for survival. Hence autotrophs are more in number than heterotrophs.

Question c.
The number of heterotrophs found in desert regions is smaller. However, they are found in greater numbers in the sea. Why is this so?
Answer:

1. In desert region due to scarcity of water and excess heat, very few cactus are found as autotrophs compared to sea. As autotrophs are less, number of heterotrophs dependent on autotrophs are smaller.
2. Whereas in sea due to greater numbers of autotrophs, greater number of heterotrophs are found.

Question d.
What damage or harm do ectoparasitic and endoparasitic animals cause?
Answer:

1. Ectoparasitic animals suck the blood of the animal on which it remains and endoparasitic animals get readymade food from the body of animal in which it remain.
2. This way both the parasites make the animal weak by sucking their blood or by eating prepared food from them.

Question e.
Why is plant food not produced in any other parts of the plant except the green ones?
Answer:
Plant food is not produced in any other parts of the plant except the green ones because only green part contains chlorophyll and chlorophyll is very necessary for the production of food.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Project:

Question 1.
Many heterotrophic organisms live on one and the same plant. Observe one such plant in your neighborhood and find out about the heterotrophs that depend upon it for their food. Observe and make flotes about other organisms that use these heterotrophs as their food.

Question 2.
Prepare a Power point presentation on the topic ‘Nutrition in Living Organisms’.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition in Living Organisms Important Questions and Answers

Nutrition In Living Organisms Class 7 Exercise Fill in the blanks.

Nutrition In Living Organisms Class 7 Exercise Question 1.
Leaves have microscopic openings called ……………. .
Answer:
Stomata

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Question 2.
In the process of photosynthesis plants take in ……………. and ……………. gas is given out.
Answer:
Carbondioxide, oxygen

Question 3.
The ……………. transports minerals and water from roots to all aerial parts of the plant.
Answer:
xylem

Question 4.
The ……………. transports the food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Answer:
phloem

Question 5.
Plants produce ……………. by the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
Carbohydrates

Question 6.
……………. are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Answer:
Carbohydrates

Question 7.
……………. are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen.
Answer:
proteins

Question 8.
……………. plants contain rhizobium micro-organisms.
Answer:
leguminous

Question 9.
Micro-organisms like ……………. are present in soil.
Answer:
azotobacter

Question 10.
Lichen is of a symbiosis between ……………. and ……………. .
Answer:
algae, fungi

Question 11.
The scientist ……………. identified Drosera plant in Sri Lanka in 1737.
Answer:
Johannes Burman

Question 12.
Fungi like mushroom and yeast are ……………. .
Answer:
saprophytes

Question 13.
Removal of waste products and undigested food from the body is called …………….
Answer:
Egestion

Question 14.
Amoeba moves with the help of ……………. .
Answer:
pseudopodia

Question 15.
Butterflies suck food with a tube like ……………. .
Answer:
proboscis

Question 16.
The ……………. or ……………. is an ant eating animal found in India.
Answer:
bobcat, udmanjar

Question 17.
Seed eating animals are called ……………. .
Answer:
granivores

Question 18.
Fruit eating animals are called ……………. .
Answer:
frugivores

Question 19.
Animals that obtain their food from both plants and animals are called ……………. .
Answer:
Omnivores

Question 20.
Roundworms are known as ……………. .
Answer:
endoparasites

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Nutrition In Living Organisms Match the column:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Endoparasite	a. Vulture
2. Ectoparasite	b. Human
3. Seed eating animals	c. Tapeworm
4. Fruit eating animals	d. Bed bug
5. Scavenger	e. granivores
6. Omnivore	f. frugivores

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Endoparasite	c. Tapeworm
2. Ectoparasite	d. Bed bug
3. Seed eating animals	e. granivores
4. Fruit eating animals	f. frugivores
5. Scavenger	a. Vulture
6. Omnivore	b. Human

Say whether true or false, correct and rewrite the false statements.

Question 1.
Bed bug is an example of endoparasitic nutrition.
Answer:
False, Bed bug is an example of ectoparasitic nutrition

Question 2.
Spider shows saprozoic nutrition.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The anteater is found in India.
Answer:
False. The anteater is found in Central and South America

Question 4.
Yellowing of leaves occur due to deficiency of iron.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Mushroom is used in making bread.
Answer:
False. Yeast is used in making bread

Question 6.
Cuscuta is completely a parasitic plant.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
The nitrogen dioxide dissolves in rainwater and is converted into nitric acid.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Micro-organism Rhizobium is found in soil.
Answer:
False. Micro-organism Azotobacter is found in soil.

Question 9.
Fixation of nitrogen occurs by biological and atmospheric methods.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
The chloroplasts present in the leaves contain chlorophyll.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
Decomposers obtain their food from living organisms.
Answer:
False, They obtain their food by decomposing the dead bodies of organisms or other materials

Question 12.
Carbondixode is given out during the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
False, Oxygen is given out during the process of photosynthesis

Question 13.
Phloem transports the food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen.
Answer:
False, Protein are made up of carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen and nitrogen.

Give scientific reasons.

Question 1.
Micro-organisms like Rhizobium are useful.
Answer:

1. Rhizobium micro-organisms are useful because plants cannot take gaseous nitrogen from air.
2. These micro-organisms absorb atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into its nitrate, a compound which is useful for plant.

Question 2.
Lichen is an example of a symbiotic nutrition.
Answer:
Lichen is a symbiosis between algae and fungi in which fungi provides water, minerals, as well as shelter to algae and in return the algae Master Key General Science (Std. 7), provide food to the fungi. So Lichen, is an example of symbiotic nutrition.

Question 3.
Drosera burmanii is an insectivorous plant.
Answer:
Drosera burmanii grows in a soil which has nitrogen deficiency. It feeds upon insects to obtain nitrogen, so it is an insectivorous plant.

Question 4.
Human is an omnivore.
Answer:
Humans obtain their food from both, plants and animals so human is an omnivore.

Question 5.
Tapeworm is an endoparasite.
Answer:
Tapeworm lives inside the body of other animals and obtain its food. So tapeworm is an endoparasite.

Question 6.
Decomposers are important for the ecosystem
Answer:
Decomposers feed on dead and decaying matter and therefore indirectly clean the ecosystem. If decomposers were not there then nutrients would not be able to return back and get recycled. Therefore decomposers are very important for the ecosystem.

Question 7.
Cuscuta is a total parasite while Loranthus is a partial parasite.
Answer:
Cuscuta is a nongreen yellow thread-like plant completely dependent on the host plant, loranthus is a partial parasitic because it can prepare its own food and it only takes water and minerals from the host plant.

Answer the following in your own words:

Question 1.

Classify the types of nutrients.
Answer:
There are two types of nutrients.

1. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins and fats are required in large quantity. These are macro-nutrients.
2. Minerals and vitamins are required in very small quantity. They are called micro-nutrients.

Question 2.
Explain the types of nutrition.
Answer:
There are two types of nutrition.

1. Some organisms can produce their own food and thus nourish themselves. This is called autotrophic nutrition.
2. Some organisms depend on other organisms, plants and animals for their food. This is called heterotrophic nutrition.

Question 3.
Write differences between xylem and phloem.
Answer:

xylem	Phloem
1.  The xylem transports minerals and water from the root to all aerial parts of the plant.	1. The phloem transports the food (glucose) from the leaves to other parts of the plant where it is either consumed or stored.

Question 4.
What is chemosynthesis? Which plants produce their food by chemosynthesis?
Answer:

1. Chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules and nutrients into organic matter.
2. It uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds or methane as a source of energy rather than sunlight.
3. Sulphur bacteria and nitrosomonas produce their food by chemosynthesis.

Question 5.
Name the micro-organisms which help in biological fixation of nitrogen. How?
Answer:
Two different types of micro-organisms can bring about biological nitrogen fixation.

1. Root-nodules of leguminous plants contain the micro-organism rhizobium. These micro-organisms absorb atmospheric nitrogen and convert if into its nitrate, a compound.
2. Micro-organisms like azotobacter are’present in soil. They also convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates.

Question 6.
What is symbiotic nutrition? Give one example of it.
Answer:

1. Two or more than two different types of plant live together to fulfill their needs of nutrition, protection, support etc. with each other’s help. This type of nutrition is called symbiotic nutrition.
2. e.g. Lichen is an example of symbiosis between algae and fungi.

Question 7.
Write about Drosera burmanii.
Answer:

1. It is art insectivorous plant.
2. The scientist Johannes Burman identified this plant in Sri Lanka in 1737. Hence, the plant is named after him.
3. It grows close to the ground.
4. Its leaves are attractively pink or red in colour with hairs at the margin.
5. Droplets of a sticky substance found at the tips of the hairs attract insects.
6. It grows in a place where deficiency of nitrogen in the soil. To get nitrogen for its growth, it eats insects.

Question 8.
What are called saprophytic plants? Give Examples.
Answer:
Plants which obtain the food from dead and decaying bodies of other organisms are called saprophytic plants e.g. Yeast and mushrooms.

Question 9.
Classify the animals according to the type of food they eat.
microbes, vulture, monkey, tiger, lion, goat, cow, buffalo, crow, hyena, human, chimpanzee
Answer:

• Herbivores: goat, cow, buffalo.
• Carnivores: tiger, lion
• Omnivores: monkey, human, chimpanzee
• Scavengers: vulture, crow, hyena
• Decomposers: microbes

Explain the terms:

1. Herbivores: Animals that depend on plants only for their food are called Herbivores.
2. Carnivores: Animals that depend on other animals for their food are called Carnivores.
3. Granivores: Animals that eat grains (seed) are called Granivores.
4. Frugivores: Animals that eat fruits are called frugivores.
5. Omnivores: Animals that obtain their food from both plants and animals are called omnivores.
6. Scavengers: Animals that obtain their food from dead bodies of animals are called Scavengers.
7. Decomposers: Microbes which obtain their food by decomposing the dead bodies of organisms or other materials are called decomposers.
8. Ectoparasitic nutrition: Some animals live on the body surface of other animals and obtain their food by sucking their blood. This is called ectoparasitic nutrition.
9. Endoparasitic nutrition: Some animals live inside the body of other animals and obtain their food. This is called endoparasitic nutrition.
10. Symbiotic nutrition: In some cases, two or more than two different types of plants live together to fulfill their needs of nutrition, protection, support etc. with each other’s help. This type of nutrition is called symbiotic nutrition.

Write the role of different nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,magnesium, Iron, manganese and zinc and effects of their deficiency on plants.

Question 1.
Write the role of different nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, Iron, manganese and zinc and effects of their deficiency on plants.
Answer:
Role of nutrients and effects of their deficiency on plants:

Nutrients	Function	Effects of deficiency
Nitrogen	Important components of proteins, chlorophyll and cytoplasm.	Retarded/stunted growth, yellowing of leaves.
Phosphorus	Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.	Early leaf-fail, late flowering, slow growth of roots.
Potassium	Necessary for metabolic activities.	Weak stem, wilting of leaves, failure to produce carbohydrates.
Magnesium	Production of chlorophyll	Slow/retarded growth, yellowing of leaves.
Iron	Production of chlorophyll	Yellowing of leaves
Manganese	Production of main plant hormones	Retarded growth, spotted leaves
Zinc	Production of hormones and their intermediates	Retarded growth, yellowing of leaves

Can you tell?

Answer the following question: 

Question 1.
How does ingestion occur in unicellular animals like amoeba?
Answer:

1. Amoeba does not have organs like hands and mouth.
2. It is a unicellular animal. It can take in food through any part of the surface of its unicellular body.
3. It surrounds the food particle from all sides to take it into the cell.
4. After that it digests the food with the help of different enzymes.
5. Undigested food is left behind as the amoeba moves further with the help of pseudopodia.
6. In unicellular animals like amoeba, euglena, paramoecium,. etc. all the steps of nutrition occur within their unicellular body.

Question 2.
How do plants produce their own food?
Answer:
Green plants produce their own food with the help of sunlight, chlorophyll, water, nutrients from soil and carbon dioxide from the air. This process is called as photosynthesis

Use your brain power!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Write the uses of yeast and mushrooms.
Answer:
Yeast is used in fermentation processes and making bread.
Mushrooms are a rich source of vitamins and iron.

Question 2.i
Which part of the loranthus plant carries out photosynthesis?
Answer:
Leaves of the loranthus plant carries out photosynthesis.

Question 2.ii
From where do they obtain minerals and water?
Answer:
They obtain water and minerals from the xylem and phloem of the other host plant.

Question 2.iii
Why is loranthus known as a partially parasitic plant?
Answer:
Loranthus is known as partially parasitic plant because it does photosynthesis with the help of leaves but only for water and minerals it depends on other plants.

Question 3.
Why does the pitcher plant feed on insects even though it produces food by photosynthesis?
Answer:
Pitcher plants grow in a place where soil has deficiency of nitrogen compounds so to fulfill the need of nitrogen they feed on insects.

Observe the diagram and answer the following questions.

Question a.
Name the process shown in the picture.
Answer:
The process shown is photosynthesis.

Question b.
Which type of plants use the above process for their nutrition?
Answer:
Autotrophic plants (green plants) use the above process for their nutrition.

Question c.
What is the pigment in the leaf that helps in the above process?
Answer:
Chlorophyll

Question d.
Give the chemical equation of the above process?
Answer:

Question e.
What is the importance of this process to living things?
Answer:
Photosynthesis helps the plants to prepare their own food and also store it in their plant bodies. Animals depend upon this stored food for their nutrition.
During photosynthesis, oxygen is given out which is important for all living organisms for respiration.

Observe the diagram and answer the following questions.

Question a.
What is shown in the picture?
Answer:
Roots of leguminous plants having root nodules.

Question b.
What is the importance of these types of plants?
Answer:
These types of plants help to provide nitrogen to the soil.

Question c.
What is the process called?
Answer:
Biological Nitrogen fixation

Question d.
Explain the process.
Answer:
Root nodules of leguminous plants contain Rhizobium micro-organisms. These micro¬organisms convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates. Thus the soil becomes rich in nitrogen.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 14 संतवाणी Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 14 संतवाणी

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 14 संतवाणी Textbook Questions and Answers

सुविचार

प्रश्न 1.
संकटांना घाबरून न जाता जो जीवन यशस्वी करतो तोच खरा पराक्रमी होय.

प्रश्न 2.
मैत्री ही नात्यापेक्षा कितीतरी श्रेष्ठ आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
नम्रता हा सर्व सद्गुणांचा पाया होय.

आम्ही कथा लिहितो.

विदयार्थ्यांनो, तुम्हांला गोष्ट ऐकायला, वाचायला, सांगायला आवडते ना? तुम्हांला गोष्ट लिहायलाही नक्कीच आवडेल. आज तुम्ही गोष्ट लिहिणार आहात. त्याचे नीट आकलन करून घ्या. कोणता प्रसंग आहे, कोण बोलत आहे, कोणाशी बोलत आहे, त्यांच्यात कोणता संवाद चालला असेल? या सगळ्यांची कल्पना करा. त्या त्या प्रसंगामधील पात्रांचा संवाद तुमच्या वहीत लिहा. अगदी तुम्हांला पाहिजे तसा. तुम्हांला कोणते शब्द वापरावे लागतील? वाक्यरचना कशी करावी लागेल? कोणता काळ वापरावा लागेल? या सर्वांचा मनाशी विचार करा. गोष्ट लिहून झाल्यावर, त्यासंदर्भात शिक्षकांशी, मित्रांशी किंवा आईबाबांशी चर्चा करा. कथा लिहून झाल्यावर त्यास योग्य शीर्षक दया.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः

गर्वाचे घर खाली

सुंदरवनात सगळे प्राणी गुण्यागोविंदाने रहात होते. एकदा एक हरिण चरता चरता जंगलाबाहेर गेले. बाहेरील जगाशी पहिल्यांदाच संबंध आल्याने ते हरखून गेले. समोरून एक प्रवासी रेल्वे येताना हरिणाला दिसली. ती प्रवासी रेल्वे जवळ येताच हरिणाने तिच्यासोबत धावायला सुरुवात केली. ती प्रवासी रेल्वे असल्यामुळे ती एका स्टेशनावर थांबली. हरिण मात्र पुढे पुढे धावतच राहिले. आपण रेल्वेला मागे टाकल्याचा हरिणाला फार आनंद झाला.

जंगलात जाऊन इतर सर्व प्राण्यांपुढे हरिणाने आपण रेल्वेला हरवले, अशी फुशारकी’ मारण्यास सुरुवात केली. सर्व प्राण्यांनी आपल्या अज्ञानामुळे हरिणावर विश्वास ठेवला. मात्र कोल्ह्याला शंका आली. त्याने हरिणाबरोबर जंगलाबाहेर जाण्याचा निर्णय घेतला. जंगलाबाहेर येताच त्यांना रेल्वे येताना दिसली. पुन्हा एकदा हरिणाने रेल्वेशी शर्यत लावली. नक्की काय घडते हे पाहण्यासाठी कोल्हाही त्या दोघांच्यामागे धावत सुटला.

पण ती रेल्वे प्रवासी रेल्वे नसून मालगाडी असल्याचे हरिणाच्या लक्षात आले नाही. ती मालगाडी कोठेही न थांबता पुढे पुढे जात राहिली. हरिण मात्र दमून जमिनीवर बसले. मानवाने तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर करून बनवलेली रेल्वे आपल्यापेक्षा वेगवान आहे हे हरणाच्या लक्षात आले. यापुढे कुठल्याही गोष्टीची फुशारकी न मारण्याचे हरिणाने मनोमन ठरवून टाकले.

शिक्षकांसाठी:

वरीलप्रमाणे विविध प्रसंग देऊन विदयार्थ्यांकडून गोष्ट तयार करून घ्यावी. मुलांकडून ती गोष्ट वाचून घ्यावी.

Class 7 Marathi Chapter 14 संतवाणी Additional Important Questions and Answers

कंसातील योग्य शब्द निवडून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. पक्षी जाय ……….. बाळकांसी आणी चारा ।। (दिगंबरा / दिगंतरा)
2. वानर हिंडे झाडावरी। पिली बांधुनी …. ।। (उदरीं/ उरी)
3. ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू। ……. करोनि म्हणती साधू।। (काम / कर्म)
4. अंगा लावूनियां राख। …………. झांकुनी करिती पाप।। (डोके / डोळे)

उत्तरः .

1. दिगंतरा
2. उदरों
3. कर्म
4. डोळे.

प्रश्न 2.
पुढील अभंगांच्या ओळी पूर्ण करा.

1. पक्षी जाय दिगंतरा। ……………….
2. माता गुंतली कामासी। …………….
3. …………….. । जनी वेळोवेळां पाहे.
4. ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू। ………………
5. …………….. | जळो तयांसी संगती.

उत्तर:

1. पक्षी जाय दिगंतरा। बाळकांसी आणी चारा ।।
2. माता गुंतली कामासी। चित्त तिचे बाळापाशीं।।
3. तैसी आम्हांसी विठ्ठल माये। जनी वेळोवेळां पाहे ।।
4. ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू। कर्म करोनि म्हणती साधू।।
5. तुका म्हणे सांगों किती। जळो तयांसी संगती।।

खालील प्रश्नांची एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
जनाबाईंच्या भक्तीचा अनन्यसाधारण विषय कोणता?
उत्तर:
वात्सल्य हा जनाबाईंच्या भक्तीचा अनन्यसाधारण विषय आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
माता कामात गुंतलेली असली तरी तिचे लक्ष कोठे असते?
उत्तर:
माता कामात गुंतलेली असली तरी तिचे लक्ष आपल्या बाळापाशी असते.

प्रश्न 3.
माकड आपल्या पिल्लाला कुठे बांधते?
उत्तर:
माकड आपल्या पिल्लाला आपल्या उदराशी, पोटाशी बांधते.

प्रश्न 4.
संत तुकाराम आपल्या अभंगातून कोणता संदेश देतात?
उत्तर:
संत तुकाराम आपल्या अभंगातून सामान्य लोकांना भोंदूगिरीबाबत जागरूक राहण्याचा संदेश देतात.

प्रश्न 5.
संत तुकाराम कोणाच्या संगतीपासून दूर राहण्यास सांगतात?
उत्तर:
संत तुकाराम स्वत:ला साधू म्हणवणाऱ्या भोंदूंपासून दूर राहण्यास सांगतात.

खालील प्रश्नांची थोडक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
आपल्या अभंगातून आईचे बाळावरील प्रेम संत जनाबाईंनी कोणत्या विविध उदाहरणांतून पटवून दिले आहे?
उत्तर:
आपल्या बाळांसाठी दुरदूरपर्यंत जाऊन पक्षी चारा आणतो. आकाशात घिरट्या घालून घार आपल्या पिल्लांपाशी झेप घेते. आई कितीही कामात गुंतली असली तरी तिचे सारे लक्ष आपल्या बाळापाशी असते. झाडावरून इकडून तिकडे फिरताना माकड आपल्या पिल्लाला उदराशी बांधून फिरते. अशा विविध उदाहरणांतून संत जनाबाईंनी आईचे बाळावरील प्रेम पटवून दिले आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
संत तुकाराम भोंदूगिरी करणाऱ्यांपासून दूर राहण्याचा सल्ला का देतात?
उत्तर:
अंगाला राख फासून भोंदू लोक स्वत:ला साधू म्हणवून घेतात. डोळे झाकून पापही करतात. वैराग्याचा आभास’ निर्माण करतात, मात्र सर्व विषयविकारांचा उपभोग घेतात. अशा भोंदूगिरी करणाऱ्यांच्या संगतीत राहून काहीच मिळणार नसल्याने संत तुकाराम सामान्य लोकांना भोंदूगिरी
करणाऱ्यांपासून दूर राहण्याचा सल्ला देतात.

कवितेच्या आधारे सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती 1: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
खालील आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
कवितेच्या ओळी पूर्ण करा.
1. घार हिंडते आकाशी। …………………… ||
2. …………………….. | भोगी विषयांचा सोहळा।।
उत्तरे:
1. घार हिंडते आकाशीं । झांप घाली पिल्लांपासी ।।
2. दावुनि वैराग्याची कळा । भोगी विषयांचा सोहळा ।।

कविता – पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्रमांक 51

पक्षी जाय दिगंतरा ……………………..
…………………….. जनी वेळोवेळां पाहे

आणि

ऐसे कैसे झाले भोंदू ………………….
…………………. जळो तयांसी संगती

कृती 2: आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कोण ते लिहा.
1. पिल्लाला उदरी बांधून फिरणारे [ ]
2. अंगाला राख लावून पाप करणारे [ ]
उत्तर:
1. वानर
2. भोंदू

खालील प्रश्नांची एक – दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
भोंदू लोक साधू असण्याचा आव कसा आणतात?
उत्तर:
भोंदू लोक अंगाला राख लावून, वैराग्य धारण केल्याच्या बाता करून साधू असण्याचा आव आणतात.

प्रश्न 2.
पक्षी कोणासाठी चारा आणतात?
उत्तर:
पक्षी आपल्या पिल्लांसाठी चारा आणतात.

कृती 3: काव्यसौंदर्य

प्रश्न 1.
‘दावुनि वैराग्याची कळा । भोगी विषयांचा सोहळा।
तुका म्हणे सांगो किती । जळो तयांसी संगती’
या काव्यपंक्तीतील आशयसौंदर्य स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर:
प्रस्तुत पंक्ती संत तुकाराम लिखित अभंगातील असून भोंदू लोकांपासून दूर राहण्याचा सल्ला ते देतात. भोंदू, तोतया लोक आपण मोहमायेपासून दूर असल्याचा, वैराग्य स्वीकारल्याचा आव आणतात. मात्र प्रत्यक्षात सर्व सुखचैनीच्या गोष्टी उपभोगताना दिसतात. संत तुकाराम महाराज म्हणतात, अशा भोंदू लोकांच्या अनेक गोष्टी सांगता येतील. तेव्हा अशा लोकांची संगती न लाभलेलीच बरी. संत तुकाराम महाराजांनी भोंदू लोकांपासून सावध राहण्याचा सल्ला दिला आहे.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

प्रश्न 1.
खालील चौकटींतून समानार्थी शब्दांच्या जोड्या शोधून लिहा.

उत्तर:

1. गगन – आकाश
2. खग – पक्षी
3. लक्ष – चित्त
4. नयन – डोळे
5. महान – थोर

प्रश्न 2.
खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.

1. आकाश
2. माता
3. सुंदर
4. पाप
5. सुसंगत

उत्तरः

1. पाताळ
2. पिता
3. कुरूप
4. पुण्य
5. कुसंगत

प्रश्न 3.
खालील शब्दांचे लिंग बदला.

1. कवयित्री
2. संत
3. माता
4. आई
5. साधू

उत्तरः

1. कवी
2. संत
3. पिता
4. बाबा
5. साध्वी

प्रश्न 4.
खालील शब्दांचे वचन बदला.

1. पिल्लू
2. पक्षी
3. झाडे
4. संत
5. अभंग
6. साधू

उत्तरः

1. पिल्ले
2. पक्षी
3. झाड
4. संत
5. अभंग
6. साधू

प्रश्न 5.
खालील शब्दांचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा.

1. चित्त
2. विठ्ठल
3. भोंदू
4. पाप
5. थोर

उत्तर:

1. आपला लाडका लेक अमेरिकेतून परत येणार हे कळताच गोविंदरावांचे चित्त थाऱ्यावर रहात नव्हते.
2. दिंडीच्या दिवसात वारकरी विठ्ठल नामात तल्लीन’ होऊन जातात.
3. सामान्य जनतेला फसवणारे भोंदू गल्लोगल्ली फिरताना दिसून येतात.
4. नकळत झालेल्या चुकीमुळे प्राणीहत्येचे पाप राहूलच्या माथी आले.
5. महाराष्ट्राला थोर संतांची परंपरा लाभली आहे.

लेखन विभाग

प्रश्न 1.
संत जनाबाई व संत एकनाथांची थोडक्यात माहिती लिहा.
उत्तर:
संत जनाबाई या संत नामदेवांच्या समकालीन वारकरी संत कवयित्री होत्या. संत नामदेव हेच त्यांचे पारमार्थिक गुरू होते. त्यांच्या सहवासात जनाबाईंनी विठ्ठलाच्या भक्तीचा ध्यास घेतला होता. संत जनाबाईंच्या नावावर वेगवेगळ्या विषायांवरील सुमारे 350 अभंग मुद्रित झाले आहेत. महाराष्ट्राच्या खेड्यापाड्यातून स्त्रिया जात्यावर दळण कांडताना त्यांच्या ओव्या गातात. वात्सल्य, कोमल, ऋजुता, सहनशीलता, त्यागी वृत्ती, समर्पण वृत्ती, स्त्री विषयीच्या भावना संत जनाबाईंच्या काव्यात प्रकर्षांने दिसून येतात.

संत एकनाथ हे महाराष्ट्रातील वारकरी संप्रदायातील एक सुप्रसिद्ध संत होते. एकनाथांना लहानपणापासूनच अध्यात्मज्ञानाचीवहरिकीर्तनाची आवड होती. त्यांनी भारूड, जोगवा, गवळणी, गोंधळ यांच्या साहाय्याने जनजागृती केली. ‘एकनाथी भागवत’ हा त्यांचा ग्रंथ लोकप्रिय आहे. जातिभेद दूर करण्यासाठी त्यांनी आयुष्यभर प्रयत्न केले. शांतिब्रम्ह, संतपदाला पोहोचलेले सत्पुरुष, उच्च कोटीचे समाजसुधारक, महान तत्त्ववेत्ता, संस्कृत भाषेचे गाढे अभ्यासक अशा अनेक गुणविशेषणांसह ‘ज्ञानाचा एका’ या बिरुदावलीने साऱ्या महाराष्ट्राला पारेचित असणारे व्यक्तिमत्त्व म्हणजे संत एकनाथ होय.

प्रश्न 2.
महाराष्ट्राला लाभलेल्या संत परंपरेतील संतांची नावे सांगा.
उत्तर:
संत ज्ञानेश्वर, संत निवृत्तीनाथ, संत मुक्ताबाई, संत नामदेव, संत सावतामाळी, संत चोखामेळा, संत एकनाथ, संत तुकाराम, रामदासस्वामी, गजानन महाराज, साईबाबा, बसवेश्वर.

प्रश्न 3.

उत्तर:

एकीचे बळ

नाईक विदयालयात अध्यक्षांच्या जन्मदिनानिमित्त वृक्षारोपणाचा कार्यक्रम आयोजित करण्यात आला होता. – विदयार्थ्यांनी मोठ्या संख्येने वृक्षारोपण केले. सोहम ही वृक्ष लावल्यामुळे खुश झाला. पुढे झालेल्या कार्यक्रमात त्याला विविध झाडांचे महत्त्वही कळले. एकंदरितच सर्व विद्यार्थ्यांच्या मनात झाडे लावण्याची व ती जगवण्याची भावना निर्माण झाली. आज कार्यक्रम छान झाल्याच्या खुशीतच घरी जात असताना त्याला रस्त्यालगतच्या एका जंगलात वृक्षतोड होत असताना दिसली. सोहमने तातडीने तेथे जाऊन त्या लोकांना ‘झाडे तोडू नका’ असे विनवले. मात्र त्याचे कोणीच ऐकले नाही. त्याचवेळी सोहमला शाळेत शिकवलेली ‘एकीचे बळ’ ही म्हण आठवली. त्याला एक कल्पना सुचली. त्याने तातडीने शाळेत जाण्याचा निर्णय घेतला.

शाळेतील सर्व विदयार्थ्यांना, शिक्षकांना त्याने घडलेला प्रसंग सांगितला. जमतील तितक्या लोकांना सोबत घेऊन सर्व जण तातडीने त्या जंगलात पोहचले. घटनेची गंभीरता लक्षात येऊन सगळ्यांनीच आवाज उठवला. इतक्या लोकांना समोर पाहून वृक्षतोड करणारे घाबरले व आपली हत्यारे तेथेच टाकून त्यांनी पळ काढला. जंगलात होणारी बेकायदेशीर वृक्षतोड सोहममुळे लक्षात
आल्याने सर्वांनी त्यांचे मनापासून कौतुक केले. शिक्षकांनी शिकवलेल्या गोष्टीचा प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव आल्याने सोहनही खुश झाला.

संतवाणी Summary in Marathi

काव्य परिचयः

संतवाणी या काव्यात संत जनाबाई व संत तुकाराम यांच्या अभंगांचा समावेश आहे. संत जनाबाईंचा ‘वात्सल्य’ हा भक्तीचा विषय प्रस्तुत सुंदर अभंगात्मक काव्यातून दिसून येतो. पहिल्या अभंगात त्यांनी आईचे बाळावरील प्रेम विविध उदाहरणांतून पटवून दिले आहे. दुसऱ्या अभंगात संत तुकारामांनी सामान्य लोकांना भोंदूगिरीबाबत जागरूक राहण्याचा संदेश दिला आहे.

The verse ‘Santvani’ includes two Abhangas of Saint Janabai and Saint Tukaram. The poetess conveys the message of love and affection in the first Abhang. She has beautifully explained the love of mother towards her child with various examples. In second Abhanga Saint Tukaram has given the message to be cautions about the practices of fraudulent people.

अभंगाचा भावार्थः

अभंग 1. संत जनाबाई

1. पक्षी दूर आकाशात उडतो आणि आपल्या पिल्लांसाठी चारा घेऊन येतो. ।।1।।
2. घार आकाशात घिरट्या घालते. परंतु शेवटी जमिनीवरील आपल्या पिल्लांसाठी ममतेने झेप घेते. ।।2।।
3. आई आपल्या कामांमध्ये गुंतलेली असली तरी तिचे सगळे लक्ष आपल्या बाळाकडे असते. ।।3।।
4. माकड (वानर) झाडांवरून उड्या मारताना देखील आपल्या पिल्लाला पोटाशी पकडून ठेवते. ।।4।।
5. त्याप्रमाणे आमचा विठ्ठल आम्हांला आईसमान असून मी माझ्या विठ्ठलामध्ये आई शोधत रहाते. ।।5।।

अभंग 2. संत तुकाराम

1. भोंदू, तोतये असे कसे जे पाप करूनही स्वत:ला सज्जन म्हणवून घेतात.।।1।।
2. साधूचे सोंग आणण्यासाठी अंगाला राख फासतात आणि नंतर मात्र डोळे झाकून पाप करण्यास मोकळे होतात. भोळ्या जनतेची फसवणूक करतात. ।।2।।
3. आपण स्वत: मोहमायेपासून दूर असल्याचा, वैराग्य धारण केल्याचा आव आणतात. परंतु चैनीच्या सर्व गोष्टींचा भोग घेतात. ।।3।।
4. संत तुकाराम म्हणतात, अशा भोंदू लोकांच्या किती गोष्टी सांगू? यांची संगती नसलेली बरी. अशांपासून दूर राहणे चांगले. ।।4।।

शब्दार्थ:

1. पक्षी – खग – bird
2. दिगंतर – आकाश – sky
3. बालक – शिशु – child
4. झाप – झेप, उडी – leap
5. चित्त – लक्ष, ध्यान – mind, attention
6. उदर – पोटाचा भाग – abdomen, belly
7. पिली – पिल्ले – kids
8. वात्सल्य – प्रेम, ममता – affection, love
9. अनन्यसाधारण – अजिबात साधे नसलेले – ideographic
10. कर्म – कृती – act
11. उत्कट – अतिशय उत्साही, भरून वाहणारा – ardent
12. मोदू – तोतया – imposter, counterfeit
13. राख – भस्म, रक्षा – ash
14. डोळे – नेत्र, नयन – eyes
15. वैराग्य – मोहमायेपासून दूर, अलगपणा – dispassion
16. संगती – सोबत – company
17. जागरूक – सावध – vigilant, careful
18. साधू – सज्जन, संत – saint
19. पाप – कुकर्म – sin
20. विषय – (येथे अर्थ) चैनीच्या गोष्टी – luxury
21. तातडीने – घाईने (Hurriedly)
22. गंभीरता – (Seriousness)
23. बेकायदेशीर – कायदेशीर नसलेले (illegally)
24. फुशारकी – बढाई (Boasting)
25. तंत्रज्ञान – (Technology)
26. तल्लीन – मग्न (engrossive)
27. समकालीन – एकाच काळातील (contemporary)
28. आभास – खोटा विश्वास, भास, भ्रम (illusion)
29. चित्त – लक्ष (attention)
30. चारा – अन्न (food)
31. जनी – संत जनाबाई
32. जागरूक – सावध (attentive, careful)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati पुनरावर्तन – २ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions पुनरावर्तन – २

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions पुनरावर्तन – २ Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में कौन-से पंचमाक्षर छिपे हुए हैं, सोचिए और लिखिए।

Answer:

Question 2.
पाठ्यपुस्तक में आए संयुक्ताक्षरयुक्त तीन-तीन शब्द ढूंढिए। उनके संयुक्ताक्षर बनने के प्रकारानुसार वर्गीकरण कीजिए।

Answer:

(क) अस्पताल – अस्पताल में शांति बनाए रखनी चाहिए।
रक्तदान – रक्तदान महादान के समान है। सप्ताह
सप्ताह – सप्ताह में सात दिन होते हैं। संयुक्ताक्षरयुक्त

(ख) संस्कृति – हमारी संस्कृति सबसे अच्छी है।
पत्नी – चित्रकार की पत्नी समझदार थी।
स्वयं – अपना कार्य स्वयं करना चाहिए।

(ग) प्रत्येक – प्रत्येक कार्य सोच-समझकर करना चाहिए।
बुद्धिमानी – अकबर बीरबल की बुद्धिमानी से परिचित थे।
समस्या – भ्रष्टाचार आज की महत्त्वपूर्ण समस्या है।

(घ) शब्द – हमें अपनी शब्द-संपदा बढ़ानी चाहिए।
व्यक्ति – हर व्यक्ति को अपनी भाषा बोलनी चाहिए।
रहस्य – सभी रहस्यात्मक कहानियों में कुछ-न-कुछ रहस्य होते ही हैं।

उपक्रम:

Question 1.
प्रतिदिन किसी अपठित गद्यांश पर आधारित ऐसे चार प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए; जिनके उत्तर एक-एक वाक्य में हों।
Answer:
(छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।)

Question 2.
प्रति सप्ताह विद्यालय की विशेष उल्लेखनीय घटना
Answer:

Question 3.
प्रत्येक सत्र में ग्राफिक्स, वर्ड आर्ट आदि की सहायता सूचना पट्ट पर लिखिए। से एक-एक विषय पर विज्ञापन बनाइए।
Answer:

प्रकल्प:

Question 1.
हिंदी की महिला कवयित्री संबंधित जानकारी पर आधारित व्यक्तिगत अथवा सामूहिक प्रकल्प तैयार कीजिए।
Answer:
छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati अभ्‍यास – ३ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions अभ्‍यास – ३

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions अभ्‍यास – ३ Textbook Questions and Answers

चित्रकथा:

चित्रवाचन करके अपने शब्दों में कहानी लिखो और उचित शीर्षक बताओ । अंतिम चित्र में दोनों ने एक-दूसरे से क्या कहा होगा ? लिखो :

Answer:

सच्चा मित्र:

ज्ञानपूर गाँव में दो मित्र रहते थे। एक का नाम था रामू और दूसरे का नाम था श्यामू। दोनों में गहरी दोस्ती थी। एक दिन दोनों व्यवसाय के काम से बाहर गए। चलते-चलते दोपहर हो गई। वे एक वृक्ष के पास बैठकर खाना खाने लगे। उसी समय एक भालू उसी तरफ आते दिखाई पड़ा। दोनों डर गए। दोनों भागने लगे। अचानक रामू को एक उपाय सुझा; वह पेड़ पर चढ़ गया। श्यामू पेड़ पर चढ़ना नहीं जानता था। वह डर गया। डर के मारे वह जमीन पर ही सो गया। उसने आँखें बंद कर ली। भालू उसके नजदीक आया और उसके कान के पास मुँह लगाकर सूंघने लगा। रामू पेड़ पर बैठे-बैठे यह सब देख रहा था। थोड़ी देर में भालू दूसरी तरफ जाने लगा। भालू के चले जाने पर रामू नीचे उतरकर आया। उसने श्यामू को बताया कि भालू दूर जा चुका है। रामू ने श्यामू से पूछा कि भालू तुम्हारे कान में क्या कह रहा था? श्यामू ने कहा कि कुछ खास नहीं। उसने इतना ही कहा कि मुसीबत में जो मित्र अकेला छोड़कर भाग जाए ऐसे धोखेबाज मित्र से सावधान रहना चाहिए। रामू अपने किए पर लज्जित हो गया। उसने वचन दिया कि आगे से वह ऐसा नहीं करेगा।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati अभ्‍यास – २ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Hindi Solutions अभ्‍यास – २

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions अभ्‍यास – २ Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
‘यातायात सप्ताह’ तथा ‘क्रीडा सप्ताह’ पर पोस्टर बनाइए और कक्षा में प्रदर्शनी लगाइए।
(सामग्री – चित्र, चार्ट पेपर, समाचार पत्र, पत्रिका की कतरने, उद्घोष आदि।)
Answer:
छात्र अपेक्षित कृति स्वयं करेंगे।

Question 2.
दिए गए शब्द कार्ड देखिए, पढ़िए और उनकी सहायता से सरल, मिश्र तथा संयुक्त वाक्य बनाकर कक्षा में सुनाइए।
(एक शब्द कार्ड का प्रयोग अनेक बार कर सकते हैं।)

Answer:
सरल वाक्य:
(१) भारत उत्तम देश है।
(२) यह उत्तम घर है।
(३) यह वही घर है।
(४) यह जी रहा है।

संयुक्त वाक्य:
सड़क की बाईं ओर घर है और दाई ओर कुऔं है।
भारत उत्तम देश है और यह राष्ट्रीय एकात्मता का उदाहरण हैं। कुएँ का पानी उत्तम है और वह सड़क के दाई ओर है।

मिश्र वाक्य:
जहाँ सड़क है, वहीं बाई ओर कुआँ है।
जहाँ पानी है, वही दाई ओर घर है।
भारत में राष्ट्रीय एकात्मता है क्योंकि यह उत्तम देश है।

Question 3.
‘रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता है।’ इस वाक्य को सभी काल में परिवर्तित करके उसका भेद लिखिए।

Answer:
वर्तमानकाल:
(१) सामान्य वर्तमानकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता है।
(२) अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ रहा है।
(३) संदिग्ध वर्तमानकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता होगा।

भूतकाल:
(१) सामान्य भूतकाल . रमेश ने पुस्तक पड़ा।
(२) पूर्ण भूतकाल – रमेश ने पुस्तक पढ़ा था।
(३) अपूर्ण भूतकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ रहा था।
(४) संदिग्ध भूतकाल – रमेश ने पुस्तक पढ़ा होगा।
(५) हेतुहेतुमद् भूतकाल – यदि रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ता तो पास हो जाता।

भविष्य काल:
(१) सामान्य भविष्यकाल – रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ेगा।
(२) संभाव्य भविष्यकाल – शायद रमेश पुस्तक पढ़ेगा।

Question 4.
अपने आसपास दिखाई देने वाले सांकेतिक चिह्नों के चित्र बनाओ और उन्हें नामांकित करो।
Answer:
छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।