Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree

Class 7 English Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree Textbook Questions and Answers

1. From the poem, find the old word used for each of the following.

Question a.
towards, here, does
Answer:
hither, hither, doth

2. Write in your own words.

Question a.
Who does the poet invite to join him?
Answer:
The poet invites all those people who love nature and are ready to shun their ambitions and appreciate life in nature, to join him.

Question b.
How should that person sing?
Answer:
That person should sing happily just like a free bird.

Question c.
What message does the poem convey?
Answer:
The message conveyed through this poem is that if one wants to live a peaceful life without tensions, enemies and problems, he should spend his life in nature, wherein he would be happy and relaxed. He should forget all his desires and rejoice in the glory of nature like a free bird.

3. Pick out the lines that mean.

Question a.
Sing in such a manner
Answer:
turn his merry note

Question b.
One who wishes to join me
Answer:
who loves to lie with me

Question c.
Who gives up his desire for wealth, power, fame, etc.
Answer:
who doth ambition shun

Question d.
Life in the forest is free from ill-wishers.
Answer:
here shall he see no enemy

Question e.
Happy to eat whatever he can get.
Answer:
seeking the food he eats, and pleased with what he gets

4. Find from the Internet and write down.

Question a.
In which century did William Shakespeare write his famous plays ?
Answer:
William Shakespeare wrote his plays in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century.

Question b.
From which play is this song extracted ?
Answer:
This song is extracted from William Shakespeare’s comedy play ‘As You Like It’.

Question c.
Which character from the play sings this song?
Answer:
The song is sung by ‘Amiens’, a loyal courtier of Duke Senior.

5. Be a poet. Try to complete the following poem with words that rhyme with each other.

Question a.

Answer:
I’d love to live a life that’s free,
Relax under a shady tree,
And fall into a dreamy sleep,
With no strict hours, forced to keep And sing aloud a merry song,
Untrodden paths, as I walk along.
You ask me what I’d get to eat?
Fruits and nuts and berries sweet You ask me with whom I’d get to play Birds and animals, happy and gay And if a woodcutter put a chop Firmly, I would put a stop So that’s the life I’d like too to lead Free from worries, free from greed

Class 7 English Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree Additional Important Questions and Answers

Reading Skills and Poetic Device.

Simple Factual Questions:

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Questions Answers  Question 1.
State whether the following statement true or false.
1. The only enemy in the forest would be the winter and rough weather.
2. People who do not persue their ambition would be happy to live in nature.
Answer:
1. True
2. True.

Poetic Device.

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Question Answers Class 7 Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:

1. tree – me
2. note – throat
3. see – enemy
4. hither – weather

Under The Greenwood Tree Question Answers Question 2.
Give the rhyme scheme for the 1st four lines.
Answer:
Tire rhyme scheme for the 1st four lines is aabb.

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Question Answers Question 3.
Come hither, come hither. (Name the figure of speech of the above line)
Answer:
Tire figure of speech is Repetition. The words ‘come hither’ has been repeated for better poetic effect.

Do as directed.

4.1 Under The Greenwood Tree Question 1.
Give the rhyme scheme for the last four lines.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme for the last four lines is abba.

Under The Greenwood Tree Question Answer Question 2.
Who doth ambition shun. (Name the figure of speech)
Answer:
Inversion – The words are not in proper order for better poetic effect. The proper order is ‘Who doth shun ambition’.

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Question 3.
Here shall he see No enemy. (Figure of speech)
Answer:
Inversion – The words are not in proper order. The proper order is ‘Here he shall see no enemy’.

Under the Greenwood Tree Summary in English

Through the poem Shakespeare invites people to join him in enjoying the merry singing of the birds in the trees. There are no enemies there to be disturbed about except the vagaries of extreme cold and rough weather. They can be happy eating what they get enjoying the sunshine and giving up lofty ambitions.

Introduction:

This poem has been taken from William Shakespeare’s play ‘As you like it.’ Amiens, a courtier sings the song ‘under the Greenwood Tree’ in the play.

Glossary:

1. greenwood (n) – forest filled with trees full of green leaves
2. merry (adj) – jolly and full of high spirits
3. note (n) – a musical sound; a tone (musical)
4. hither (adv) – come here; over here
5. ambition (n) – desire to achieve something
6. shun (v) – to avoid
7. seeking (v) – searching; looking for
8. pleased (adj) – happy; content

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the following statements carefully. Correct the wrong ones and write them down:

Natural Regions Class 7 Geography Question 1.
Due to its mild and warm climate, people from the West European region are not energetic.
Answer:
False – Due to its mild and warm climate people from the West European region are industrious and energetic.

Std 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 2.
The prairie region is called the wheat basket of the world.
Answer:
True.

Natural Regions Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
The trees in the Mediterranean region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is a high rate of transpiration.
Answer:
False – The trees in the hot desert region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is high rate of transpiration.

Natural Regions Class 7 Question 4.
The camel is an important animal of the hot desert region as it can survive without water and is useful for transport.
Answer:
True.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 5.
Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the equatorial regions.
Answer:
False – Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the grassland region (Sudan).

2. Give geographical reasons:

6 Natural Regions Question 1.
People in monsoon region are mainly engaged in agriculture.
Answer:
(i) The monsoon region is located in tropical & subtropical belt between 10° & 30°N & parallels which receives almost perpendicular rays of the sun for most part of the year.

(ii) The summers temperature are hot with between 27° & 32°C & the winters are mild with temperatures between 15° to 24°C.

(iii) This region receives rainfall during specific season from the south west monsoon winds and the rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm.

(iv) Thus as the climatic conditions are such that they favour growth of variety of crops.

(v) Thus, people in the monsoon region are engaged in agriculture.

Natural Regions Std 7 Question 2.
Trees in equatorial forests grow tall.
Answer:
(i) The equatorial forest are found in regions between 50°N & 50°S of the equator. This region receives perpendicular rays of the sun throughout the year.

(ii) The climate of the equatorial region is hot & it receives rainfall throughout the year. Annual rainfall in this region is between 2500 & 3000 mm.

(iii) Hence, dense evergreen forests are found here. Due to dense vegetation sunlight does not reach the ground & the trees compete for sunlight.

(iv) Thus, trees in equatorial forests grow tall.

Question 3.
Vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.
Answer:
(i) Tundra region is located between 65°N to 90°N parallels due to which the climate here is very cold.
(ii) The mean summer temperatures is between 20°C to 30°C.
(iii) Very cold climate of winter does not support growth of vegetation but short grass, small shrubs, flowers, lichen, moss etc. grow during short summer period here
(iv) Thus, vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.

3. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the latitudinal extent of the Taiga . region?
Answer:
Taiga region extends from 55° to 65° N latitudes from Alaska to the Atlantic coast & in parts of Eurasia.

Question 2.
Name any three herbivorous animals from the Sudan region. What has nature endowed them with for self-protection?
Answer:

• Sudan region has zebras, elephant and giraffe.
• Nature has gifted them with speedy legs.
• The skin of the animals here have colourful spots or stripes/bands.

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of the Monsoon region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Monsoon region are as follows:

• The summer temperature is between 27° and 32°C & the winter temperature is 15° to 24°C.
• Rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm. This region gets rain in specific seasons from the SW Monsoon.
• Rainfall here is highly variable and distribution is quite uneven.
• Semi-evergreen and deciduous forests are found in this region. Vegetation depends on the distribution of rainfall.
• Agriculture is the main occupation of the people here.
• Large number of small hamlets are found. There is considerable difference in the diet & costumes of the people in the monsoon region.
• Population here is mostly engaged in primary occupation

4. Show the following items on an outline map of the world. Prepare the index:

• Colorado Desert
• British Columbia
• Downs Grassland
• Inhabited part of Greenland
• Mediterranean Sea
• Congo basin
• Llanos and Campos

Answer:

Activity:

Using the Internet, check the information given in this lesson. Collect pictures of the flora and fauna and the human life of the various natural regions. Make a collage by pasting these pictures on the world map.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell:

Observe the picture given on Pg. no. 30 of Geography textbook and answer the following question given below.

Page no: 31

Question 1.
Why are the house types shown in the pictures not seen in our surrounding?
Answer:
All the house types shown in the pictures are not seen in our surroundings because house types differ from place to place. They are built taking into consideration rainfall, temperature and raw material available for building houses.

Question 2.
Which are the regions where such types of houses are found?
Answer:
In cities, we find buildings and bungalows built of concrete material. An igloo is found in the Tundra or Taiga region. Huts are found in grassland or forested areas.

Question 3.
Would you like to stay in a house built of ice? Why don’t we build such houses?
Answer:
Yes, I would like to stay in an ice house. We can’t build it here because the temperature is high which will melt the ice and we don’t have snowfall in Maharashtra.

Question 4.
What brings about difference in people’s clothing?
Answer:
There is difference in people’s clothing because firstly it depends upon the climate of the place. Secondly it depends upon the culture & tradition as well as the raw material available or textile industries that are set up a particular region.

Question 5.
Where do you think Khubz, insects and ants also form a part of the diet of the people?
Answer:
Human beings eat whatever is edible & does not harm their digestive system.
Previously Khubz, insects & ants were consumed mainly by tribal people or people living in underdeveloped countries, but today it is consumed by people for protein, or for tradition or even as exploratory cuisine.

Question 6.
Can the animals from polar region like polar bears and penguins be kept in the tropical zoos?
Answer:
No, polar bear and penguins survive only in colder regions. They cannot bear the tropical heat and may die. Therefore, they are not kept in tropical zoos.

Question 7.
Are all the plants shown in the pictures found in our surroundings? If not, where do you think they can be found?
Answer:
TB pg 30 – The tree shown in 1 st picture is found in the coastal area. The tree in the 2nd picture is found in the equatorial region. The plant in the 3rd picture is found in the hot desert region.
TB pg 31 – The tree in the 1st picture is found in grassland regions.
The tree in 2nd picture is found in the monsoon region
The tree in the 3rd picture is found in the Taiga region.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why are animals like lions not found in Equatorial forests?
Answer:
(i) Equatorial regions have hot & humid climate & it rains throughout the year. So, dense multilayered evergreen forests are found here.

(ii) As the sunlight does not reach the ground the trees compete to get sunlight & hence trees grow very tall.

(iii) Mainly animals which can survive in swampy & marshy environment of forests are arboreal animals found in equatorial forests.
Hence animals like lions are not found in equatorial forests.

Question 2.
Why are the hot deserts mainly located along the western side of the continents?
Answer:
The planetary winds shed their moisture in the eastern parts of the continents and become dry by the time they reach the western margins. Therefore, hot deserts are mainly located along the western side of the continents.

Question 3.
Why are people in the hot deserts engaged mostly in animal rearing?
Answer:
Hot deserts have very scanty rains and high temperature which does not favour agriculture, therefore people in the hot deserts are mostly engaged in animal rearing.

Question 4.
Why do people in hot deserts live a nomadic life?
Answer:
People in hot deserts rear animals for a living. Therefore they move from place to place in search of water and fodder for their animals.

Question 5.
Why are carnivorous animals found in the grasslands?
Answer:
In the grassland region there are a large number of herbivorous animals. Therefore carnivorous animals are found in large numbers.

Make friends with maps!

Observe the map and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Which natural regions are found in India?
Answer:
Monsoon region is the natural region found in India.

Question 2.
Which continent comprises a major portion of the hot desert type of region?
Answer:
Continent of Africa comprises a major portion of hot desert type region.

Question 3.
Which continent has the highest diversity in terms of natural regions?
Answer:
Continent of Asia has the highest diversity in terms of natural region.

Question 4.
Why are there fewer natural regions in the southern hemisphere than those in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
Because the land in the southern hemisphere is less and have only in two temperature zones.

Question 5.
Which natural region occupies the largest area in the world.
Answer:
Taiga region occupies the largest area in the world.

Question 6.
Where else do we find conditions similar to the continent of Antarctica?
Answer:
Greenland has conditions similar to continent of Antarctica.

Question 7.
Throughout which natural regions does the Prime Meridian pass?
Answer:
The Prime Meridian passes through Hot deserts, Mediterranean type of climate, Taiga, West European type region.

Observe the table of natural region on Pg. 33 of textbook, then answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which natural region consists of short-lived vegetation?
Answer:
Tundra region consists of short-lived vegetation.

Question 2.
In which natural region will you find the kraals?
Answer:
We will find the kraals in Sudan type grassland region.

Question 3.
Which region has winter rains?
Answer:
The Mediterranean region has winter rains.

Question 4.
In which natural regions are gorillas and chimpanzees found?
Answer:
Gorillas and Chimpanzees are found in the Equatorial region.

Question 5.
In which natural region is the land surface in the forests devoid of vegetation?
Answer:
Hot deserts region is devoid of vegetation.

Question 6. Which regions favour dairy farming?
Answer:
Grassland (Prairie and Steppes) favour dairy farming.

Question 7.
Which region is favourable for fruit production?
Answer:
Mediterranean region is favourable for fruit production.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
The ______ people live in the Steppes grassland and they live a nomadic life. (Zulu, Pygmies, Kirgiz)
Answer:
Zulu

Question 2.
Monsoon region gets rains from the ____ winds. (NE monsoon, SW monsoon, SE monsoon)
Answer:
SW monsoon

Question 3.
_____ cause cyclonic rain in the West European region. (Westerlies, Easterlies, Polar)
Answer:
Westerlies

Question 4.
Sailors and explorers are mainly found in the ______ region. (Mediterranean, Monsoon, West European)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 5.
The _______ type of forest is found in the Equatorial region.(Coniferous, Evergreen, Deciduous)
Answer:
Evergreen

Question 6.
The ________ region receives rainfall in winter. (Mediterranean, Equatorial, Taiga)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 7.
Seat of Greek and Roman civilization is found in the ______ region. (Taiga, Hot desert, Mediterranean)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 8.
In Monsoon region, ______ is the main occupation of the people. (agriculture, animal husbandary, secondary)
Answer:
agriculture

Match the pair correctly:

Question 1.

Region	Latitudinal extent
(1) Tundra region	(a) 5° to 20° N and S
(2) Taiga region	(b) 20° to 30° N and S
(3) Grassland (Steppes and Prairies	(c) 30° to 55° N and S
(4) Hot Desert	(d) 55° to 65° N and S
(5) Grassland (Sudan type)	(e) 65° to 90° N and S

Answer:
1 – e
2 – d
3 – c
4 – b
5 – a

Do the following tasks:
Question 1.
Write the important occupation of the region in the following table:
Answer:

Question 2.
Find the location of the following regions from the world map and write down in the table given below:
Answer:

Regions	Location
(1) Tundra region	(a) Greenland, N. Canada, N. Europe, North Asia.
(2) Taiga region	(b) Alaska to the Atlantic coast, Parts of Eurasia.
(3) Grasslands (Steppes and Prairies)	(c) Steppes (Eurasia), Velds (South Africa), Pampas (S. America), Prairies (N. America), Down (Australia), etc.
(4) Hot Desert region	(d) In the western parts of continents, Sahara (N. Africa), Colorado (N.America), Atacama (S.America), Kalahari (S. Africa), Thar (Asia), etc.
(5) Grasslands (Sudan type)	(e) Savanna (Africa), Queensland (Australia), the Parkland (Africa), Llanos and Campos (S.America) and other grasslands.
(6) Equatorial region	(f) Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Guinea, Cango basin, Amazon basin.
(7) Monsoon region	(g) Indian subcontinent, Philippines, West Indies, N. Australia, E. Africa, E. America etc.
(8) Mediterranean region	(h) Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Turkey, California, Central Chile, SW and NE Australia, etc.
(9) West European region	(i) Norway, Denmark, Ireland, British Colombia, South Chile, New Zealand, etc.

Who am I. (Type of region):

Question 1.
I am found in Indonesia and Guinea
Answer:
Equatorial Region

Question 2.
I am found as Llanos and Campos
Answer:
Grasslands (Sudan type)

Question 3.
I am found in the Colorado and the Atacama
Answer:
Hot Desert region

Question 4.
I am found in South America and North America
Answer:
Grassland (steppes and prairies)

Question 5.
I am found from the Alaska to the Atlantic coast
Answer:
Taiga region

Question 6.
I am found in Greenland and North Canada
Answer:
Tundra region

Question 7.
I am found in California.
Answer:
Mediterranean region.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two animals of Tundra region
Answer: Reindeer, Polar bears.

Question 2.
Any 2 types of trees of the Taiga region.
Answer:
Spruce, Pine.

Question 3.
A tribe found in the Steppes and Prairies grassland who are no more nomadic.
Answer:
Kirghiz

Question 4.
Any two tribes found in Sudan type grassland region.
Answer:
Zulu, Hausa

Question 5.
Any three hot deserts
Answer:
Sahara (N. Africa), Thar (Asia), Colorado (N. America)

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the mean winter temperature in the Tundra region?
Answer:
The mean winter temperature in the tundra region is approximately -20° to -30°C.

Question 2.
How are the summers and winters in Sudan region?
Answer:
In the Sudan region, summers are hot and humid where as winters are warm and dry.

Question 3.
What are the annual rainfall in the Equatorial region?
Answer:
The annual rainfall in the equatorial region is between 2500 and 3000 mm.

Question 4.
Which animal is commonly found in the hot deserts? Why?
Answer:
Camels are commonly found in the hot deserts. as they can survive for days without water.

Question 5.
What are the characteristics of plants in the hot desert region?
Answer:
Their vegetation is in the form of thorny bushes with hardly any leaves; also the leaves are narrow, oily & the plants have a thick bark.

Question 6.
What type of forest are found in the Taiga region?
Answer:
Mainly coniferous forests are found in the Taiga region.

Give Geographical reasons for:

Question  1.
In hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.
Answer:
(i) In Hot desert region mean summer temperature is 30° to 45°C.
(ii) The heat is tremendous & the rainfall is very low.
(iii) Camels have adapted themselves to such extreme conditions. When there is food & water a camel can eat & drink large amounts & store it as fat in the hump. Hence in hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.

Question 2.
The Mediterranean region is known for its rainfall in winters.
Answer:
(i) The Mediterranean region lies between 30°and 40° parallels in both the hemispheres on the western side of continents.
(ii) Therefore, the Mediterranean region comes under the influence of westerlies.
(iii) Hence, it receives rainfall in winter.

Question 3.
Taiga region, lumbering is the main occupation.
Answer:
(i) The Taiga region has a cool climate. The summer temperature ranges between 15° to 20°C & the winter temperature falls below 0°C.
(ii) Hence, mainly coniferous forests are found here.
(iii) The wood of the trees here is light & soft.
(iv) Hence, lumbering is the main occupation in the Taiga region.

Question 4.
As one travels from the equator to the poles the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.
Answer:
(i) In Equatorial region the occupation is based on forest produce, for eg. gathering of gum, rubber, etc.

(ii) Whereas towards the poles, the availability of natural resources adversely affects the human occupations.

(iii) The availability of sunlight and water keep on changing from equator to the polar region therefore as one travels from the equator to the poles, the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.

Question 5.
There are variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.
Answer:
(i) Difference in landforms, climate and soil greatly influence the flora, fauna and human life.
(ii) Therefore it give rise to variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.

Question 6.
Equatorial region has a number of diseases.
Answer:
Equatorial region has a number of diseases because of the hot and humid climate which ,decomposes and causes vegetal litter.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Describe coniferous trees in the Taiga region.
Answer:

• Coniferous trees have light and soft wood
• Leaves are narrow and pointed.
• Branches are leaning towards the ground.

Question 2.
Describe the vegetation in the Mediterranean region.
Answer:

• Grass is found in low rainfall regions whereas coniferous forests are found in mountainous region.
• Trees have thick barks and thick, small and oily leaves.

Question 3.
What types of forests are found in the Monsoon region?
Answer:
In the Monsoon region, semi-evergreen and deciduous forest are found.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of the West European Region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the West European Region are as follows

• Mean Summer temperature is around 20°C, mean winter temperature is around 5°C.
• Mean rainfall is between 500 and 2500 mm.
• The rainfall is mostly in the form of cyclones associated with westerlies.
• It rains throughout the year.
• Climate is mild.
• Green grass is seen all the year round.
• Trees shed their leaves in winter.
• Coniferous trees and short-grasses grow here.

Question 2.
What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Mediterranean region are as follows :

• Dry summers and rainfall in winter and mean summer temperature from 21 °C to 27°C.
• Winter temperature between 10°C and 14°C.
• Mean annual rainfall is 500 to 1000 mm.
• It rains in winter.
• Thick small oily leaves.

Arrange the name of the region given in the semicircular globe depending on the parallels they lie:

Question 1.

Answer:

• Tundra region – Between 65° to 90° parallels.
• Taiga region – Between 55° and 65°N parallels.
• Prairie grassland – Between 30° and 55° N and S parallels.
• Hot Desert region – Between 20° and 30° N and S parallels.
• Sudan grassland – Between 5° to 20° N & S parallels.
• Equatorial region – Between 5° N to 20° S of the equator.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Settlements Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Settlements

Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in short:

Human Settlements Std 7 Question 1.
Explain the various types of human settlements.
Answer:
(a) Scattered settlements:

• In scattered settlements, houses are few and far from each other.
• They are found in the areas of high relief, dense forests, grasslands, hot deserts and extensive agricultural lands.

(b) Nucleated settlements:

• These settlements are close to water sources like brooks, rivulets, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.
• Fertile plains, transport hubs, mining centres and commercial centres often lead to the development of this type of settlement.

(c) Linear settlements:

• Linear settlements are seen along roads, railways, rivers sea coasts and in foothill regions.
• They are narrow in shape and spread along a straight line.

Human Settlements Std 7 Chapter 10 Question 2.
Difference between nucleated and scattered settlements.
Answer:

Nucleated Settlements	Scattered Settlements
(i) Houses are close together. (ii) These settlements are close to water sources. They are self dependent due to fertile plains, transport hubs, mining centres, defense, health, education and social factors. (iii) People from different castes, religions, races and ideologies live together in these settlements and hence they have a better social life.	(i) Houses are far away from each other. (ii) They depend on centrally located villages for their day to day requirements. Facilities and services in these settlements are not adequate. (iii) These settlements have limited population, so they do not have much social life.

7th Maharashtra Board Geography Solutions Question 3.
Explain in natural factors affecting the location of human settlements
Answer:
(a) The natural factors like physiography, land / soils, climate, water supply, river banks, etc. affect the location of human settlements.

(b) Low population & few houses are found in regions of high relief forests, grasslands, hot deserts, etc. whereas high population & nucleated settlements are found in region of fertile plains.

(c) Regions having adequate supply of water has high population & nucleated settlements. Water is essential for occupation of agriculture. Hence early civilizations developed near sources of water like rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc.

(d) In region of extreme climate scattered settlements are found due to difficult living condition whereas in region of favourable climate, nucleated or linear settlements are found.

Human Settlement Class 10 Question 4.
Explain how human settlements have evolved.
Answer:

• Human settlements have evolved in accordance with the natural conditions.
• Using the resources from his surroundings, man constructed houses and started living in them.
• Rural settlement is the first step towards a stable life in human history.
• Urban settlements have evolved through the expansion and growth of rural settlements.
• There are large scale correlations between rural and urban settlements
• Modernization, science and technology lead to transformation in both types of settlements.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Question 5.
Difference between a hamlet & a village
Answer:

Hamlet		Village
Size of population is small in a hamlet	(i)	Size of population is comparatively large in a village.
Most of people living in a hamlet are engaged a particular occupation which is dependent on locally available natural resource.	(ii)	People in a village are engaged in different occupations like agriculture, fishery, etc.
A hamlet is scattered settlement	(iii)	A village is majorly a nucleated settlement.

2. Identify the types of human settlements from the follwing statements:

Chapter 10 Human Settlements Notes Question 1.
Their money and time is saved by living on the farm.
Answer:
Scattered settlements.

Chapter 10 Human Settlements Question 2.
There is a lot of social life in this settlement.
Answer:
Nucleated settlements.

Human Settlement Class 7 Question 3.
Shops are located on both the sides of the road.
Answer:
Linear settlements.

Class 7th Geography Chapter 10 Question 4.
This settlement is found at the foothills of mountains or along the coast.
Answer:
Linear settlements.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Question 5.
Each house is located away from the other.
Answer:
Scattered settlement.

Grade 7 Geography Textbook Answers Question 6.
This settlement is good from security point of view.
Answer:
Nucleated settlements.

Question 7.
Having houses away from each other is good for health.
Answer:
Scattered settlements.

Question 8.
The houses are too close to each other.
Answer:
Nucleated settlement.

3. Study the diagram and identify the types of settlements:

Question 1.
Settlement ‘A’ has 5-6 houses and the place does not have other facilities.
Answer:
Scattered settlement.

Question 2.
‘B’ has a high school, a big market and a small theatre.
Answer:
Nucleated settlement.

Question 3.
‘C’ has houses, farmers, many shops and small industries.
Answer:
Linear settlement.

Question 4.
‘D’ has a natural harbour. Many industries have been established here.
Answer:
Linear settlement.

Question 5.
‘C’ is a settlement that has developed along the road side. Give two reasons of its location here.
Answer:
The reasons for settlement ‘C’ developing along the roadside are:

• It has direct & easy access to the main road which helps in easy movement of people & agricultural & industrial goods as houses, farms & small industries are found here.
• It is located at the foothill close to the main river.

ICT Activity :

With the help of the internet, find the image of your village/city. On that basis, write about the type and characteristics of your settlement.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements InText Questions and Answers

Try this

Look at the following picture. Find suitable location for human settlement and show them in picture:

Question 1.
Why were the settlements shown at specific places? Why should they be located there? Why can’t they be located in other places?
Answer:
(i) Settlement A is located at a place which has direct access to main road as well as railway line which will help in easy movement of passenger as well as goods transport.
(ii) Settlement ‘B’ is located on plain land. Its location near a water body will be beneficial for agricultural purpose.
(iii) A large portion of the area shown in the picture is a region of uneven topography which is not favourable for human settlement

Can you tell?

Observe the pictures given in figures (a, b, c, d). Think and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What all can you see in the picture?
Answer:
(a) Rural: settlement small houses made of mud are seen with river flowing and farmland.
(b) City: Monorail, sky scrapers and lot of traffic with vehicles moving.
(c) Tribal hamlet: with sparse1 population.
(d) Town: Vehicles moving, vendors, shops and small houses.

Question 2.
What are the familiar features?
Answer:
All pictures show some type of human settlements.

Question 3.
Which picture shows sparse settlements?
Answer:
Tribal Hamlet shows sparse population.

Question 4.
Which picture shows agriculture?
Answer:
Rural settlement shows agriculture.

Question 5.
Which picture shows dense settlements?
Answer:
City shows dense settlement.

Question 6.
Which picture shows high rise building?
Answer:
City shows high rise building.

Question 7.
From the following, assign a suitable names for each of the pictures: Rural settlement, Tribal hamlet, Town, City.
Answer:
(a) Rural settlements
(b) City
(c) Tribal Hamlet
(d) Town.

Question 8.
Arrange the picture according to the level of development in the settlements?
Answer:
Tribal Hamlets, Rural Settlements, Towns, Cities.

Observe the Fig. and discuss the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the difference between the human settlement at ‘A’ and ‘B’ ?
Answer:
A is Nucleated settlement & ’B’ is a Linear settlement

Question 2.
What is the difference between the settlement at B’ and C ?
Answer:
B is Linear settlement & ‘C’ is a type of tribal hamlet.

Question 3.
Where do you find less than 2 houses?
Answer:
‘C’ is tribal hamlet having less than 2 houses.

Question 4.
In what type of settlement do you live?
Answer:
I stay in ‘A’ type of settlement. (Students may answer as per their settlement type)

Think about it: 

Question 1.
Think about the possible processes that take place during the growth and development of settlements. Make a list of such processes.
Answer:
(i) Human settlements rise in places with favourable geographic conditions – such a availability of water, conducive climate, fertile land, etc.

(ii) In such settlements the occupations are majorly based on natural resources. These are called rural settlements.

(iii) With the passage of time, other associated occupations in these settlements grow & people of surrounding areas migrate & settle there, this leading to increase in the population of such settlements.

(iv) The proportion of people engaged in primary occupation declines & the importance of secondary & tertiary occupations increases
leading to transformation of rural settlements into urban settlements.

(v) Over a period of time when the population & the necessary amenities increase on a large scale, the urban areas grow into metropolitan cities.

Give it a try: 

Question 1.
Name the metropolitan cities of India.
Answer:
Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune, Ahmedabad, etc. are some of the metropolitian cities of India.

Question 2.
Identify the type of settlement where you live.
Answer:
Students are expected to answer this questions on their own.

Question 3.
Observe the photographs given below. Identify the type of settlements shown here and write about them.

Answer:
Fig. 1 is Urban settlement: Houses, schools shops are close to each other. Densely populated.
Fig. 2 is Linear settlement: Houses are built along the Mera Sakharkevda road in three to four rows.
Fig. 3 is a Scattered settlements: Houses are far from each other, sparse population, very little transport.
In Fig. 4 Linear settlements can be seen along the roads whereas scattered settlements also seen

Make friends with maps:

Observe Fig. and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Name some of the settlements shown in the map.
Answer:
Amalipada, Achalva, Sadadkua, Dumda, Pukhram, Rani Amba, Kumkua, Chapawadi, are some settlements shown in the map.

Question 2.
Which of the settlements in the map are in a scattered form?
Answer:
Pukhran, Achalva, Chapawadi and Sadadkua have scattered settlements.

Question 3.
How are the houses in the settlements along the roads arranged?
Answer:
Houses are arranged in a line on both sides of the roads. They are linear settlement.

Question 4.
In which settlements are the houses close together? What could be the reason behind this density?
Answer:
The houses in Sangarh are close together.
Reasons:

• Proximity to river
• Amenities like water pipeline, hospital, post office
• Easy access to transport routes like roads & railways which helps in easy movement of passengers & goods.

Question 5.
Can you now classify the settlements on the basis of these pattern?
Answer:

• Dunda, Sodadkua, Pukhran, etc. have scattered settlements
• Rani Amba is a linear settlement
• Songarh is a nucleated settlement.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Human settlements flourished at places with favorable ________ conditions.
Answer:
geographic

Question 2.
In the early settlements, the occupation of the people were dependent on the locally available ________ resources.
Answer:
natural

Question 3.
People along the sea coast are engaged in _______.
Answer:
fishing

Question 4.
Settlements have provided man with _______.
Answer:
stability

Question 5.
In ______ settlements, houses are few and far from each other.
Answer:
scattered²

Question 6.
Increase in the population of rural settlements is the beginning of _________.
Answer:
urbanization

Question 7.
____ settlements are seen along roads, railways, rivers, sea coasts and foot hill regions, etc.
Answer:
Linear

Question 8.
In the deserts of Rajasthan we find _______ settlements.
Answer:
nucleated

Question 9.
_______ is the first step towards a stable life in human history.
Answer:
Rural settlement

Question 10.
Life in urban settlement is more _____.
Answer:
dynamic

Question 11.
_______ settlements have limited population as in small hamlets.
Answer:
Scattered

Complete the following sentence:

Question 1.
Human settlement flourished at places with favourable geographical conditions such as ______.
Answer:
availability of water, a conducive climate, fertile land, etc.

Question 2.
When rural area converts into urban area, the importance of secondary and tertiary occupations increases and _______.
Answer:
the proportion of people engaged in primary occupations decline

Question 3.
If the population and the necessary amenities increase on a large scale ______.
Answer:
the urban areas grow into metropolitan cities.

Question 4.
Patterns of human settlements evolve in _______.
Answer:
accordance with the natural conditions

Question 5.
Increase in population of rural settlements is ______.
Answer:
is the beginning of urbanization

Question 6.
The day to day food requirement of the urban population is _______.
Answer:
fulfilled by rural settlements

Question 7.
In the deserts of Rajasthan we find _______.
Answer:
nucleated settlements near assured sources of water

Question 8.
Linear settlements are seen along _______.
Answer:
roads, railways, rivers, sea coasts and in foothill regions

Question 9.
There are large scale correlations _______.
Answer:
between rural and urban settlements

Question 10.
Urban settlements have evolved through _______.
Answer:
the expansion² and growth of rural settlements

Match the column:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Limited population	(a) Linear settlements
(2) Tribal people	(b) Nucleated settlements
(3) Have better social life	(c) Scattered settlements
(4) On National or State highways	(d) Hamlets

Answer:
1 – c
2 – d
3 – b
4 – a

Identify the types of human settlements from the following statements:

Question 1.
These settlements are closer to nature, they are free from pollution.
Answer:
Scattered settlements.

Question 2.
Settlements found along the coastal tracts, major rivers and national or state highways.
Answer:
Linear settlements.

Question 3.
These settlements are found in fertile plains, transport hubs and mining centres, commercial centres.
Answer:
Nucleated settlements.

Question 4.
These settlements have limited population and inadequate facilities.
Answer:
Scattered settlements.

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Where do human settlements flourish?
Answer:
Human settlements flourish at places with favourable geographic conditions – such as availability of water, a conducive climate, fertile land, etc.

Question 2.
What did forest dwellers or tribal people use for their livelihood?
Answer:
Forest dwellers or tribal people used forest produce for their livelihood.

Question 3.
Where do the farmer & his family live?
Answer:
They live in a house built in or near the fields.

Question 4.
Which settlements are called rural settlements?
Answer:
The settlements where the original occupation of the majority of the people are based on natural resources are called rural settlements.

Question 5.
Wnen do the urban areas grow into metropolitan cities?
Answer:
When the population and the necessary amenities increase on a large scale, the urban areas grow into metropolitan cities.

Question 6.
Where do we find scattered settlements?
Answer:
Scattered settlements are found in the areas of high relief, dense forests, grasslands, hot deserts and extensive agricultural lands.

Question 7.
Where do we find nucleated settlements?
Answer:
Nucleated settlements are generally close to water sources like brooks, rivulets, rivers, lakes reservoirs, etc.

Question 8.
Where do we see Linear settlements?
Answer:
Linear settlements are seen along roads, railways, rivers, sea coasts, in foothill regions, etc.

Question 9.
What makes a city a metropolis?
Answer:
A metropolis is a large city or urban area, which is a significant economic, political and cultural center for a country or region and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce and communications.

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Where do human settlements flourish?
Answer:
Human settlements flourish at places with favourable geographic conditions – such as availability of water, a conducive climate, fertile land, etc.

Question 2.
What did forest dwellers or tribal people use for their livelihood?
Answer:
Forest dwellers or tribal people used forest produce for their livelihood.

Question 3.
Where do the farmer & his family live?
Answer:
They live in a house built in or near the fields.

Question 4.
Which settlements are called rural settlements?
Answer:
The settlements where the original occupation of the majority of the people are based on natural resources are called rural settlements.

Question 5.
When do the urban areas grow into metropolitan cities?
Answer:
When the population and the necessary amenities increase on a large scale, the urban areas grow into metropolitan cities.

Question 6.
Where do we find scattered settlements?
Answer:
Scattered settlements are found in the areas of high relief, dense forests, grasslands, hot deserts and extensive agricultural lands.

Question 7.
Where do we find nucleated settlements?
Answer:
Nucleated settlements are generally close to water sources like brooks, rivulets, rivers, lakes reservoirs, etc.

Question 8.
Where do we see Linear settlements?
Answer:
Linear settlements are seen along roads, railways, rivers, sea coasts, in foothill regions, etc.

Question 9.
What makes a city a metropolis?
Answer:
A metropolis is a large city or urban area, which is a significant economic, political and cultural center for a country or region and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce and communications.

Answer in short:

Question 1.
Distinguish between Scattered Settlements & Linear Settlements.
Answer:

Scattered Settlements	Linear Settlements
(i) In scattered settlements houses are far away from each other. (ii) There settlements have limited population as in small hamlets. (iii) These settlements are found in the areas of high relief, dense forest, grasslands, hot deserts and extensive agricultural land	(i) In Linear settlements houses are spread along a straight line. (ii) These settlements have comparatively more population. (iii) These settlements grow along the coastal tracts, major rivers, national or state highways, railways in the foothill regions, etc.

Question 2.
Describe Linear Settlements.
Answer:

• Linear settlements are seen along roads, railways, rivers, sea coast and in foothill regions, etc.
• Houses in these settlements are along a straight line, in a row.
• As the settlement grows in the course of time, multiple lines emerge.
• Besides houses, some shops can also be seen.
• Such settlements are found along the coastal tracts, major rivers and national of state highways in our country.

Question 3.
What leads to transformation of rural settlement into urban settlement?
Answer:
(i) The settlements where the original occupations of the majority of the people are based on natural resources are called rural settlements. Agriculture, fishery, etc. are some of these occupation

(ii) With the passage of time other associated occupations also develop gradually in these rural settlement.

(iii) As a result people from surrounding areas migrate & settle there leading to an increase in rural population.

(iv) Houses are built & different facilities are developed for the growing population.

(v) Importance of secondary & tertiary occupations increases & the proportion of primary occupations declines.

This process leads to the transformation of rural settlement into urban settlements

Question 4.
Describe man’s future plans in terms of settlements.
Answer:

• Man started using resources from the surroundings.
• Man constructed houses and started living in them.
• They have even built sky-scrapers.
• In future, man is thinking of constructing colonies on other planets and their satellites too.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.3 The Red-Headed League Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.3 The Red-Headed League

Class 7 English Chapter 4.3 The Red-Headed League Textbook Questions and Answers

Part-I

1. Find and write the descriptions of different people given in this story.

Red Headed League Questions And Answers Question 1.
Find and write the descriptions of different people given in this story.
Answer:
Character Sketch:
a. Sherlock Holmes: A private detective and the story’s protagonist. His keen observations and ability to reason allowing him to solve puzzles that astonish everyone. Sometimes quiet and contemplative, other times bursting with energy, he uses methods that can confuse and frustrate others. He is somewhat a mystery, rarely letting his thoughts known until he has already solved the crime.

b. Dr. John Watson: Sherlock Holmes’ partner and the story’s narrator. Good natured, brave and down-to-earth, Watson is Sherlock Holmes’ sidekick, even though he rarely helps Holmes actually solve any mysteries and Watson often mirrors the reader’s own confusion.

c. Jabez Wilson: A London pawn-broker, Jabez Wilson is an average man whose only remarkable feature is his lock of fiery red hair. His slow and trusting nature prevented him from seeing anything suspicious about either Vincent Spaulding or the preposterous Red-headed League.

d. John Clay / Vincent Spaulding: A notorious criminal working at Jabez Wilson’s pawnshop under the name of Vincent Spaulding. He is evil and haughty. John Clay catches the attention of Sherlock Holmes in spite of his clever plot.

e. Duncan Ross: John Clay’s partner-in-crime. Duncan’s red hair prompts John Clay to devise the Red-headed League to lure Wilson out of his pawnshop for four hours everyday.

2. Present Mr. Wilson’s story as it would be shown in a comic strip.

The Red-Headed League Questions And Answers  Question 1.
Write what picture you will show in each frame along with the dialogues. Write the dialogue with the help of the story. Examples:

Answer:
Frame 1.
Mr. Wilson’s shop:
Spaulding to Wilson: Sir, why don’t you try for this job?

Frame 2.
Mr. Wilson’s shop:
Spaulding to Wilson : It is to help the red-heads.

Frame 3.
Mr. Wilson’s shop
Spaulding to Wilson: They are paying handsomely. It will be an additional income for you.

Frame 4.
Mr. Wilson’s shop:
Spaulding to Wilson: Sir, I will go along with you. Let’s give it a try.

Frame 5.
At Fleet Street:
Wilson to Spaulding: Just see! It is crowded with red-headed people. I don’t stand a chance.

Frame 6.
At Fleet Street:
Spaulding to Wilson: Sir, don’t be disheartened.

Frame 7.
At Fleet Street:
Spaulding to Wilson: Sir, stay by my side. I’ll push you into the office.

Frame 8.
At the office:
Wilson to Spaulding: At last, we are in the office, but there is no one except one man.

Frame 9.
At the office:
Spaulding to Wilson: Sir, you don’t worry. Just answer his questions confidently.

Frame 10.
Mr. Duncan Ross to Wilson:
I’m pleased with your confidence. I’m glad to announce that you have got the job.

Frame 11.
At Fleet Street:
Wilson to Ross: Thank you so much, Sir. I’m highly obliged.

Frame 12.
At the office:
Wilson to Ross: Sir, what am I supposed to do? How much will I be paid?

Frame 13.
At Fleet Street:
Ross to Wilson: You will have to copy the encylopedia Britannica. You will be paid four pounds a week. And: your timings will be from 10 am to 2 pm.

Frame 14.
At the office:
Wilson to Ross: Wonderful Sir, when do I start?

Frame 15.
At the office:
Ross to Wilson: Mr. Wilson, you begin from tomorrow.

Frame 16.
At the office:
Wilson to Ross: Sir, I will put my heart and soul into my job.
Ross to Wilson: You will have to begin with one letter A and go alphabetically.
Wilson to Ross: Ok, Sir.

Frame 17.
At Wilson’s shop:
Spaulding to Wilson: How is your job going?
Wilson to Spaulding: Well I am enjoying it. Mr. Ross is visiting the office every day. He is very much particular about my timings.

Frame 18.
At the office:
Ross to Wilson: How are you finding your work? This is your salary.
Wilson to Ross: Thank you, Sir.

Frame 19.
At Wilson’s office:
Spaulding to Wilson: How are you Sir and how is your job going?
Wilson to Spaulding: It’s been 8 weeks and 1 am really enjoying. Now Mr. Ross has stopped coming to the office.

Frame 20.
At Wilson’s shop:
Spaulding to Wilson: Good morning. What happened today? You did not go out?
Wilson to Spaulding: The office of the League is shut and locked. There is a note nailed on the door saying the League is dissolved.

Frame 21.
At Wilson’s shop:
Wilson to Spaulding: Do you know anything about the League?

Frame 22.
At Wilson’s shop:
Spaulding to Wilson: 1 am unaware about what happened.

Frame 23.
Wilson to himself:
I should find out more about the League. This is a mystery and I want to know why they played this prank upon me.

Frame 24.
Wilson to himself:
Sherlock Holmes will be the best person to solve this mystery. I will go to him.

3. Form groups of five. Discuss how you can complete the rest of the story without referring to Part II of the story.

The Red Headed League Questions And Answers  Question 1.
Form groups of five. Discuss how you can complete the rest of the story without referring to Part II of the story.
Answer:
Mr. Holmes and Watson try to think out why the League shut so abruptly. Holmes feels he should meet Wilson at home to ask some questions that were bothering him. When he reached Wilson’s house, he notices someone leaving the house. Mr. Holmes enquires about that person and understands that he was Wilson’s assistant. Mr. Holmes feels that he has seen the assistants face before.

Later, he checks on records and finds out that the assistant is none but a notorious criminal clay who was absconding. Mr. Holmes already had a sketch of Mr. Ross. On enquiring he came to know that Ross and Spaulding were very close. Mr. Holmes goes to Mr. Ross’ house and threatens him. Mr. Ross spills the beans, that he and Spaulding were going to rob Mr. Wilson the very next day. Mr. Holmes informs the police and both Spaulding and Ross are caught and put behind bars.

4. Language Study.

Modal auxiliary: You have read about main verbs and auxiliary verbs in Sid VI. You know that auxiliary verbs are helping verbs. Modal auxiliary verbs or modal verbs are also helping verbs. They are used with main verbs to show changes/modifications in the meaning of the main verb. They show possibility, ability, permission, intention, etc.
The modal auxiliaries are:

1. can, may, shall, will
2. could, might, should, would
3. must, ought to, used to, need, dare ………

Remember the following:

1. We do not use ‘to’ before a modal.
2. We do not add ‘-ed’ or ‘-Ing’ to a modal.
3. We can form questions and negative sentences using modals without using the auxiliaries be, have, or do.

Examples:

1. They can swim.
2. May I come In?
3. We shall sing.
4. Can he swim?
5. You may go.
6. She ought to play.
7. He cannot swim.
8. You must go.
9. They might come.

Frame simple sentences – statements, questions, requests. orders, permissions, etc. using the modals listed above.
Answer:

1. Take an umbrella. It may rain today.
2. You should not leave objects lying on the floor.
3. Drivers must stop when the traffic light is red.
4. Can you speak French?
5. I could not solve the problem.
6. May I ask you a question?
7. You may take a holiday today.
8. You should see a doctor.
9. I could run fast when I was young.
10. Can I go out?
11. You need not buy any vegetables.
12. Students shall not enter this room.
13. What should I do to get rid of this pain?

The Red Headed League Question Answer Part – II

1. Put the following events in proper order.

The Red-Headed League 7th Standard Question Answer  Question 1.
Holmes and others go to the bank.
Answer:
The bank received a lot of gold from the Bank of France.

Questions Answers Of Red Headed League Question 2.
Clay digs a tunnel.
Answer:
Clay digs a tunnel.

The Red Headed League Std 7  Question 3.
Ross closes the office of the ‘Red-headed League’.
Answer:
Ross closes the office of the ‘Red-headed League’.

The Red-Headed League 7th Standard Question 4.
Holmes catches the criminal Clay.
Answer:
Holmes visits the area around Mr. Wilson’s shop.

Std 7 English The Red Headed League  Question 5.
Clay and Ross enter the cellar to steal the gold.
Answer:
Holmes and others go to the bank.

The Red Headed League Questions And Answers  Question 6.
The bank received a lot of gold from the Bank of France.
Answer:
Clay and Ross enter the cellar to steal the gold.

The Red Headed League Question And Answer  Question 7.
Holmes visits the area around Mr. Wilson’s shop.
Answer:
Holmes catches the criminal Clay.

2. From the passage, find adverbs that end with ‘-ly’.

Question a.
From the passage, find adverbs that end with ‘-ly’. Find the adjective in each of the adverb
Answer:

 

Adverb	Adjective
frankly	frank
silently	Silent
carefully	careful
finally	final
suddenly	sudden
beautifully	beautiful

3. Discuss the following elements of a detective or mystery story.

Question a.
Discuss the following elements of a detective or mystery story.

1. a mystery
2. strange happenings
3. a smart detective who investigates the happenings
4. a crime/possibility of a crime
5. preventing the crime and catching the criminal.
6. characteristics of the victim
7. characteristics of the criminal
8. characteristics of the detective

Use the elements to prepare outlines of detective stories using your imagination. Write a story using any one of the outlines.
Answer:
Outline:

1. Disappearance of the ‘Will’.
2. Death of the head of the family.
3. Wife and two sons left behind.
4. ‘Will’ to be read before family members.
5. The elder brother in charge of the ‘Will’.
6. He makes excuses of misplacing the ‘Will’ and shows the photocopy of the ‘Will’.
7. The family lawyer insists on the original ‘Will’.
8. The elder brother keeps insisting on having lost the ‘Will’.
9. Mr. Karamchand, a clever and intelligent detective called.
10. The detective makes the necessary enquiries.
11. The elder brother, a gambler, a revelation.
12. The detective catches the elder brother in his own act.
13. The elder brother owns up.
14. The lawyer with the help of the detective prevents a big crime from being executed.

Caught in his own act:

The disappearance of the ‘Will’ was a mystery in the Patwardhan family. The disappearance of the ‘Will’ came to light when it had to be read by the family members after the death of senior Mr. Patwardhan. Mr. Patwardhan had left behind a lot of property and wealth. Mr. Patwardhan had left behind his wife and two sons. When the family lawyer enquired about the ‘Will’, Mrs Patwardhan said that she had given it to her elder son who had said that he would keep it safely. The younger son was unaware of the ‘Will’ made by his father.

When the lawyer of the family asked him if he had read his father’s ‘Will’, he realised what they were saying and asked his mother to show the ‘Will’, she said that it was with her elder son. When the elder son was asked about the ‘Will’, he started making excuses by saying he had misplaced the ‘Will’ and could not find it. The family lawyer insisted that the ‘Will’ be shown to the younger son.

The elder son brought a photocopy of the ‘Will’. The younger son and the family lawyer demanded the original ‘Will’. The elder son kept on making excuses and also said that the original ‘Will’ was lost. There was something in this situation which was a mystery. This is when the younger son hires a smart and intelligent detective, Mr. Karamchand. Mr. Karamchand makes a lot of enquiries and comes to know that the elder son was in the habit of gambling and was in a lot of debts.

Mr. Karamchand also came to know that the elder son was a very sweet talker and could twist and turn situations to his advantage. On the other hand, the younger brother was quite a simpleton who was happy with what he had, making it easier for the elder brother to manipulate him.

Their mother being quite old, had bouts of memory loss. This was another good reason for the elder son to do as he pleased. Mr. Karamchand, very cleverly got the truth out from the elder son. Mr. Karamchand informed the family lawyer, who in turn, demanded the original copy of the ‘Will’ from the elder son.

The lawyer also told him that it was a crime not to show the ‘Will’ to the family members. The elder brother showed the ‘Will’ to the younger brother. The younger brother read the ‘Will’ and handed it to the family lawyer without suspecting anything. The family lawyer went through the ‘Will’ and found out that the ‘Will’ had been tampered with. The dates and certain words were changed for the benefit of the elder brother.

After a lot of interrogation, the elder brother accepted the crime committed by him. The family lawyer rectified the changes made and now the younger brother got his share of property and wealth.

4. Use the following outline to develop a story as a group activity. Then write the story individually.

Question a.
Family returns home late at night ……………. hear conversation between thieves from inside the locked house ……………. family gets ready to counter …………….. attack …………… father opens the …………… door ……………. all enter ………….. no one is seen ……………… but T.V. is on detective serial midway.
Answer:
A Family Drama:
After attending the reception cum dinner of their close friend’s daughter, at the famous five star hotel ‘The Oberoi’, Mr. Pai and his family were returning home discussing the evening. Mr. and Mrs Pai along with their two children Suhani and Soham had attended the function. It was quite late at night, and to add to it, it began to rain making the surroundings dark and scary.

Mr. Pai drove the car cautiously and reached their colony safely. Mr. Pai parked the car while the others waited for him at the entrance of their building. It was still raining and the watchman was nowhere in sight. The common light in the building was not on. The way leading to their house was in darkness. Somehow they gropped their way to the second floor, where they lived. As they reached their house, Mr. Pai felt that he heard footsteps and whispering coming from inside their house. He asked his wife to listen carefully and she too agreed that there was whispering. The conversation indicated robbers searching for valuables. There was no light in their house.

Mr. Pai was an army officer. He asked his family members to stand behind him and he opened the main door very slowly. He could hear conversation and movements too. He slowly went towards the bedroom from where the conversation was coming. The door was closed.

He took out his revolver and pushed the door open quickly only to understand that the conversation was from the T.V. serial ‘Crime Patrol’. He then remembered that he had been watching T.V. before leaving home and had forgotten to switch it off. The other family members who had followed him gave a huge sigh of relief.

5. Language Study.

Synonyms, antonyms, homonyms: Synonyms are the words from the same language that have the same or more or less the same meaning.
Examples:

1. good – nice – pretty
2. shut – closed – sealed
3. intelligent – bright

Antonyms are words from the same language that have opposite meanings.
Examples :

1. strong – weak
2. right – wrong
3. hard – soft
4. up – down

Homonyms are words that are spelt and pronounced in the same way but
have different meaning.
Examples

1. round adjective. – round noun.
2. walk noun. – walk verb.

Start a collection of synonyms, antonyms and homonyms. Collect at least 50 each. Keep adding to your selection.
Answer:
Examples of Synonyms:

1. advice – help – guidance – aid
2. argument – dispute – squabble
3. aromatic – fragrant
4. backbone – spine
5. choosy – picky
6. constant – fixed
7. defective – faulty
8. enormous – huge – immense
9. famous – popular – renowned
10. fantastic – great – brilliant

Examples of Antonyms:

1. predator × prey
2. employer × employee
3. former × latter
4. exhale × inhale
5. natural × artificial

Examples of homonyms:

1. bark (n) – bark (y)
2. bow (n) – bow (y)
3. clear (adj) – clear (y)
4. current (adj) – current (n)
5. fair (adj) – fair (n)

Class 7 English Chapter 4.3 The Red-Headed League Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

The Red-Headed League Questions And Answers Pdf  Question 1.
Who was well suited for the job?
Answer:
Mr. Wilson was well suited for the job.

The Red Headed League Answers  Question 2.
What would you suggest/advice Mr. Wilson to do in the given situation?
Answer:
The best thing to do when you know a crime is being committed or you are being cheated is to go to the lawful authority. I would suggest/ advice Mr. Wilson to go to the police and file a complaint against the people who had cheated him. It is better to do so rather than taking matters into your own hands and make the situation worse.

The Red-Headed League Book Back Answers Question 3.
What did Holmes want to see? Why?
Answer:
Holmes wanted to see the knees of Mr. Spaulding’s trousers. It was to see if thery were dirty.

The Red Headed League Class 7  Question 4.
Guess where Mr. Merryweather took the others.
Answer:
Mr. Merryweather led the others through an iron gate, down a narrow passage, that led through a dark, passage into a huge cellar, full of big boxes.

The Red Headed League 7th Standard Question 5.
How did Mr. Merryweather come to know about the crime?
Answer:
Mr. Merryweather got a hint of the crime from Mr. Sherlock Holmes.

The Red Headed League Class 8 Question Answer Question 6.
Why did Mr. Holmes think the criminals would act that night?
Answer:
Mr. Holmes had a strong feeling that the criminals would act that night because it was a Friday and the banks and offices would be closed for the weekend making the work of the criminals easier.

Question 7.
How did the criminals enter the cellar?
Answer:
The criminals had made a square gash on the wall which separated Mr. Wilson’s house and the bank’s cellar. They removed a broad stone which left a square hole enabling the criminals to enter into the cellar.

Question 8.
Who were the two criminals?
Answer:
The two criminals were none other than Mr. Vincent Spaulding alias Clay and Mr. Duncan Ross.

Question 9.
Why did Holmes become suspicious?
Answer:
Mr. Holmes became suspicious when he heard that Mr. Spaulding, Mr. Wilson’s assistant worked for only half the wages.

Question 10.
How did Holmes find out that the assistant was a criminal?
Answer:
Mr. Holmes used Mr. Wilson’s description of his assistant, made further enquiries and found out that Mr. Spaulding was none other than Clay, a criminal.

Question 11.
How did Mr. Holmes guess that Mr. Spaulding was digging a tunnel?
Answer:
Mr. Holmes suspected that Mr. Spaulding was digging a tunnel because when Mr. Spaulding Clay. answered the doorbell, the knees of his trousers were wrinkled and stained and this confirmed his suspicion.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Question 1.
Simple Factual Questions:
Match the columns.

Columns ‘A’	Columns ‘B’
Mr. Hopkins	Representative of the Red-headed league
Mr. Wilson	American Millionaire
Vincent Spaulding	Pawnbroker
Mr. Duncan Ross	Assistant to Wilson

Answer:

Columns ‘A’	Columns ‘B’
Mr. Hopkins	American Millionaire
Mr. Wilson	Pawnbroker
Vincent Spaulding	Assistant to Wilson
Mr. Duncan Ross	Representative of the Red-headed league

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Why did Wilson like his assistant Spaulding?
Answer:
Wilson liked his assistant Spaulding as he was smart, efficient and worked for only half the normal wages.

Question 2.
Why was Fleet Street full of red-headed people?
Answer:
There was an advertisement in the newspaper calling red-headed people in person to apply for a job at the office of the league. As the office was on Fleet Street, it was full of red-headed people.

Question 3.
What did Mr. Wilson think looking at the crowd?
Answer:
Seeing the crowd of red-headed people on the street, Mr. Wilson lost all hope of getting the job. Hence he wanted to go back.

Question 4.
What happened when Mr. Duncan Ross saw Mr. Wilson?
Answer:
Mr. Duncan was very pleased to see Mr. Wilson and announced immediately that he was well situated for the job. He sent back all the other candidates.

Question 5.
Why did Mr. Wilson accept the job?
Answer:
Mr. Wilson accepted the job because the pay was not only very good but also Spaulding assured Mr. Wilson that he would look after Mr. Wilson’s business in his absence.

Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Make 4 words of minimum 4 letters from the given words.
1. advertisement
2. representative
Answer:
1. adverse, verse, meant, said
2. present, pretest, native, resent

Question 2.
Give nouns form.

1. smart
2. efficient
3. develop
4. sat
5. announce
6. explain.

Answer:

1. smartness
2. efficiency
3. development
4. seat
5. announcement
6. explanation

Grammar.

Question 1.
There was nothing in the office but a couple of chairs and a table. Remove negative.
Answer:
There were only a couple of chairs and a table in the office.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Who do you think is smarter – Mr. Wilson or his assistant?
Answer:
I think Mr. Wilson’s assistant, Spaulding was smarter. It was he who showed the advertisement to Mr. Wilson and urged and encouraged him to apply for the job. Seeing the large number of people trying to get the job, Mr. Wilson wanted to go back but spaulding pushed through the crowed and took him inside the office and saw to it that he got the job.

Question 2.
Would you like to do such a job?
Answer:
I would not like to do such a meaningless mundane and uninteresting job. Jobs should be interesting, challenging and provide scope for further learning and application of different skills which is totally absent in the job taken up by Mr. Wilson.

Question 3.
Why would anyone want to copy an encyclopedia?
Answer:
No one in their right sense would copy an encyclopedia/ However, for reference in some study, students as well as teachers could copy down specific matter they need. In the same very, someone who is challenging some matter given or want to upgrade it can copy relevant portion of an encyclopedia.

Question 4.
What would we do today, if we needed copies of text from a big book?
Answer:
Today, one would just take a photocopy xerox. of the required material.

Question 5.
What is the difference between a dictionary and an encyclopedia?
Answer:
An encyclopedia is a set of books with a collection of information about various topics and subjects while a dictionary contains meanings of different words. Both are arranged in alphabetical order.

Question 6.
Suggest a few words that may appear under ‘A’ after ‘Archery’ in an encyclopedia.
Answer:
Words that may appear under ‘A’ after ‘Archery’ in an encyclopedia could be as follows: architect, aromatics, asparagus, assassinator, astrobiologist, astrophysical, etc.

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Complete the following.

1. And then suddenly the whole ……………
2. The rooms had been rented ……………
3. Holmes found Mr. Wilson’s story ……………
4. Small, stout, with ……………

Answer:

1. business came to an end.
2. under a false name
3. very unusual
4. no hair on his face

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Why was Mr. Wilson shocked?
Answer:
Mr. Wilson has been working for eight weeks and as usual when he reached the office at ten o’ clock, he found the door shut and locked. He found a little note nailed on, it which said that the Red-headed league was dissolved. This shocked him.

Question 2.
What did Mr. Wilson do next?
Answer:
Mr. Wilson enquired at the nearly offices, but no one knew anything about the league.

Question 3.
Why did Mr. Wilson go to Mr. Holmes?
Answer:
Mr. Wilson felt cheated when he suddenly lost his job with a good pay. He was curious to find out about the league and why they played a prank upon him. He had also heard about the ability of Mr. Holmes to solve mysteries.

Question 4.
How did Mr. Wilson describe his assistant?
Answer:
Mr. Wilson described his assistant as small, stout, with no hair an his face and had a white splash of acid on his forehead.

Question 5.
What kind of a man was Mr. Wilson?
Answer:
Mr. Wilson was a simpleton. He could be easily taken for a ride. He was hardworking and diligent.

Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Give one word for the following.

1. sincerely and tirelessly
2. A playful trick that causes no harm
3. Something which cannot be explained
4. happening quickly and unexpectedly
5. Solidly built

Answer:

1. diligently
2. prank
3. mystery
4. suddenly
5. stout

Question 2.
Frame a sentence of your own with ‘diligently’.
Answer:
We must always work diligently.

Grammar.

Question 1.
On Saturday I got my salary. (Identify the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject-I
Predicate – got my salary on Saturday

Question 2.
I had written Abbots, Archery etc. (Begin with ‘Abbots…’)
Answer:
Abbots, Archery etc. had been written by me.

Question 3.
He did not come at all. Add a question tag.
Answer:
He did not come at all, did he?

Question 4.
Mr. Wilson wrote diligently for four hours. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined words)
Answer:
diligently – adverb
four – adjective

Question 5.
He locked the door of the office. (End with ‘……. the office’)
Answer:
Didn’t he lock the door of the office?

Personal Response.

Question 1.
What would you advice Mr. Wilson to do in the given situation?
Answer:
I feel Mr. Wilson made the right decision to take the help of Mr. Holmes about whom he had heard a lot.

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Complete the following.

1. Mr. Holmes asked ……………
2. The offices and banks will be ……………
3. We followed him down a ……………
4. We are in the cellar of the city branch of ……………

Answer:

1. the way to the Strand
2. closed for the weekend
3. narrow passage
4. one of the main banks of London

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Tell the name of the young man who opened the door to Mr. Holmes.
Answer:
The young man who opened the door to Mr. Holmes was his assistant Mr. Vincent Spaulding.

Question 2.
What announcement did Mr. Holmes make?
Answer:
Mr. Holmes announced that they were going to hunt one of the smartest criminals in London.

Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Provide suitable adjective to the nouns given below.

1. weekend
2. banker
3. road
4. passage

Answer:

1. long weekend
2. successful banker
3. busy road
4. interesting passage

Grammar.

Question 1.
We went to the square were Mr. Wilson had his shop. (Change into future tense.)
Answer:
We will go to the square where Mr. Wilson has his shop.

Question 2.
We followed him down a narrow passage. (Rewrite the sentence beginning…. He was followed….)
Answer:
He was followed by us down a narrow passage.

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Why did the criminals take interest in the cellar?
Answer:
Mr. Merryweather’s banks had borrowed a huge quantity of gold from the Bank of France and the boxes in the cellar were full of gold. Hence the criminals were interested in the cellar.

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Was Clay successful in using his revolver? Why?
Answer:
No, Clay was not successful in using his revolver because Mr. Holmes at once hit him on his wrist and the revolver fell on the floor.

Question 2.
Who came out of the square hole?
Answer:
Mr. Spaulding and Mr. Ross came out of the square hole.

Grammar.

Question 1.
A boyish face emerged. (Pick out the adjective)
Answer:
boyish

Question 2.
He had a companion with him. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
He had a companion with him, didn’t he?

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Who tried to get away? Do you think he was able to escape? Why?
Answer:
Mr. Duncan Ross tried to get away. But, he was not successful in escaping because there were three men waiting for him at the other end.

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Say if the statements are true or false.

1. Dr. Watson foiled one of the cunning attempts at bank robbery.
2. Using the tunnel they entered the bank.
3. The assistant working for half the wages made Mr. Holmes suspicious.

Answer:

1. False. It was’t Dr. Watson, if was Holmes,
2. False
3. True

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
Why did Mr. Merryweather thank Mr. Holmes?
Answer:
Mr. Merryweather thanked Mr. Holmes as he had foiled one of the most cunning attempts at banks robbery.

Question 2.
What was strange about the advertisement?
Answer:
The advertisement and the peculiar job was purly to get Mr. Wilson away from his shop for some hours every day.

Question 3.
Why did clay and his companion dig the underground tunnel?
Answer:
Clay and his companion dug the underground tunnel to enter the bank and steal the gold without breaking open the doors of the bank.

Question 4.
What confirmed Mr. Holmes’ suspicion?
Answer:
When clay answered the bell, the knees of his trousers were wrinkled and stained, this confirmed his suspicion that he was digging.

Question 5.
“You reasoned it out beautifully!” Express it differently.
Answer:
You solved the puzzle very logically.
or
You connected the dots beautifully.

Vocabulary.

Question 1.
Averbs forms of.

1. thank
2. grateful
3. obvious
4. suspicious
5. admiration

Answer:

1. thankfully
2. gratefully
3. obviously
4. suspiciously
5. admirably

Grammar.

Question 1.
Pick four adjectives from the passage.
Answer:
cunning, cleaver, suspicious, beautifully

Personal Response.

Question 1.
Explain the trick of the ‘Red-headed League’. How was it related to Mr. Wilson’s hair?
Answer:
The ‘Red-headed League’ was a clever idea of Mr. Spaulding and Mr. Ross, to keep away Mr. Wilson from his own home for some time during the day so that they could dig a tunnel from Mr. Wilson’s house to the bank in the hope of stealing the gold from the bank without breaking open the doors of the bank. The ‘Red-headed League’ was no way connected to Mr. Wilson’s hair. It was just a way to get Mr. Wilson to apply for the job.

Language Study.

Question 1.
Complete the exercise by filling in with the right modals.

1. You …………… be late again, (mustn’t / needn’t)
2. You …………… do it now; you can finish it later. (mustn’t / needn’t)
3. I think you ……………….. see a doctor, (should / can)
4. …………… you help me? (May / Will)
5. Students ……………… arrive to class on time, (can / must)
6. I ……………. eat or I’ll faint, (ought to / would)

Answer:

1. mustn’t
2. needn’t
3. should
4. Will
5. must
6. ought to

Question 2.

1. The ……………. (fare/fair) in the village was breathtaking. Fill in with the correct homophone.
2. Mohan won a ……………. (meddle / medal) in the swimming competition. Fill in with the correct homophone.
3. When it …………….(rains/reins), it pours. Fill with the correct word.
4. We were early but they were ……………. (Fill in with the antonym of the underlined word)
5. I (heard / herd) that the assistant worked for half the wages. (Cross out the wrong word)
6. They planned to steal the gold. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined words as the answer)

Answer:

1. fair
2. medal
3. rains
4. late
5. herd

Formative Assessment.

Question 1.
What do you have to do when you are told to ‘apply in person’ ?
Answer:

1. i. Before applying for a job in person, it’s necessary to check out who is hiring.
2. ii. Take time to research the employers before applying for jobs in person.
3. iii. You have to know what you need to take when you go there.
4. iv. The information youll need to complete a job application.
5. v. How to prepare for, on the spot interview.
6. vi. These points will guide you to provide all the information you need to apply in person, make a good impression and successfully get hired.

Question 2.
Find samples of ‘classified ads’ from an English newspaper. Where will the advertisement given here be seen in the classifieds?
Answer:
Samples of classified ads from The Times of India:

The advertisement given in the story will be seen in ‘Situations Vacant’ or ‘Part Time Jobs’.

Question 3.
Find out how photographs were developed in those days.
Answer:
Louis Daguerre was the inventor of the first practical process of photography.
Steps followed:

1. Fix the image on a sheet of silver plate.
2. Polish silver plate and coat it in iodine.
3. Put plate in camera and expose it for a few minutes.
4. Once image is painted by light, the plate is put into a solution of silver chloride.
5. This process will create an image that would last a long time and will not get exposed to light.
6. Students should find out more methods of photography.

The Red-Headed League Summary in English

This story is filled with mystery and suspense which keeps the reader wanting to know more. It is about a pawn-broker named Mr. Wilson, who goes to Sherlock Holmes and Watson and tells them about a strange business with a red-haired man. He tells them how his assistant encouraged him to apply for the job which he got. He worked for eight weeks. Suddenly the office closed without any notice. Holmes’ detective mind finds something fishy about the happenings as narrated by Mr. Wilson. The story ends with Mr. Wilson’s assistant Mr. Spaulding being a criminal, and he along with his friend Mr. Ross had planned to rob gold from a bank, through an underground tunnel dug out from Wilson’s house to the bank. However, Sherlock Holmes foiled their plan and put them behind bars.

Introduction:

The lesson The Red-Headed League’ is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes’ short stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It involves mystery and suspense.

Glossary:

1. fiery (adj) – glowing
2. pawn-broker (n) – a person who lends money on interest against things of value
3. efficient (adj) – able to work well and produce good results
4. assured (v) – guaranteed
5. diligently (adv) – carefully, sincerely
6. bade (v) – to tell
7. dissolved (v) – disbanded (here) it means the organization was closed down.
8. league (n) – an association or a formal group of people.
9. prank (n)- playful trick that causes no harm.
10. foiled (v) – laid waste, prevented
11. splash (n) – sound made by something hitting the surface of some liquid.
12. Strand (n) – a famous place in London
13. cellar (n) – a room used for storage under a building
14. take the criminals by surprise (phr) – catch then when they least expect it.
15. object (v) – purpose, reason
16. stopped all the holes (phr) – closed all the routes by which criminal may escape/run away
17. seized by the collar (phr) – hold by the neck
18. Frank (adj) – honest and outspoken
19. gash (n) – a long deep cut
20. attempt (v) – to endeavour to do, to try

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Find it from the chapter:

Std 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
Grave dangers in the life of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

• The meeting with Afzalkhan.
• The siege of Panhala.
• The attack on Shaistakhan.
• The escape from Agra.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
They risked their life at the time when the Maharaj escaped from Agra.
Answer:
(a) Hiroji Farjand
(b) Madari Meheter

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
What warning did Shivaji Maharaj issue to the Deshmukh of Rohida Valley?
Answer:
Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the ryot.

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question Answer Question 4.
What inspiration can future generations draw ‘ from the life of Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
The future generation will continue to draw inspiration from the work of Shivaji Maharaj, who laid the foundation of Swaraj and turning ,
it into Surajya, as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

2. Write about it in your own words:

8. An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
the Deshmukh to avoid any loss of the ryot?
Answer:

• Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the Ryot.
• He told him to visit every village and shift people to a safe place down the ghats.
• He strictly told him not to delay even for a moment.

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 2.
How do we know that his religious policy was that of tolerance?
Answer:
(i) The Maharaj had to struggle against the Islamic rulers such the Adilshahi, the Mughals and the Siddis. But he considered the Muslims in Swaraj as his own people.

(ii) While meeting Afzalkhan, Siddi Ibrahim was a servant in his army.

(iii) Siddi Hilal was a soldier in the army.

(iv) Daulatkhan was an important officer in his navy.

(v) During the campaign, the soldiers were instructed not to harm a mosque. If they came in possession of a copy of the Holy Quran, they should hand over the same with due respect to a Muslim.

An Ideal Ruler Question Answer Question 3.
Explain Shivaji Maharaj’s policy regarding the army.
Answer:

• There was strict discipline in the army.
• The soldiers were paid salaries regularly.
• They were paid cash and not jagirs.
• There was a strict order to the army that the valuable collected from the enemy territories were to be deposited with the government.
• Soldiers were honoured for their bravery.
• Maintenance of the families of soldiers who died in battles were looked after.
• He took care of the wounded soldiers and the enemy soldiers who had surrendered.

3. Give one word for:

8.An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
An important officer in the navy of Swaraj.
Answer:
Daulatkhan

An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
A Tamil poet who composed a poem on Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Subramanyam Bharati

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Chapter 8 Question 3.
Created an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand.
Answer:
Chhatrasal

8 An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 4.
He composed Powadas on the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Activities:

1. Tell how you help your friend in his need.
2. List the places named after famous personalities.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
How is the waste in your area managed?
Answer:
(i) Recycling: The waste materials such as old newspaper pieces of glass, bottles, empty tins are sold and later are used by recycling it.

(ii) Many NGOs are working for waste management. They are helping the rag pickers to collect the recycling waste from the door steps, rather than collecting from the soil in the bad and dirty condition.
Creating Awareness for waste management.

• Use cloth bags instead of plastic.
• Bye food that has less packaging.
• Reduce paper usage.
• Separating the dry and the wet waste in separate bins.

Question 2.
State the name of the machinery that looks after waste management.
Answer:
BMC: Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to grow trees?
Answer:

• Trees are very important on this planet.
• They give us oxygen, store carbon.
• They stabilise the soil and gives life.
• They absorb carbon dioxide and harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide from air.
• They provide habitat and food for birds and other animals.
• They provide us the materials for tools and shelter

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
______ was an important officer in the navy of the Swaraj. (Daulatkhan, Siddi Hilal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Daulatkhan

Question 2.
The Maharaj inspired _______ to create an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand. (Chhatrasal, Jim Mahal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Chhatrasal

Question 3.
_______ was a Sardar in the army of the Maharaj. (Siddi Ibrahim, Siddi Hilal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Siddi Hilal

Question 4.
______ has written a book about the greatness of Maharaj. (Pandit fawaharlal Nehru, Kahfikhan, Lala Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Lala Lajpatrai

Question 5.
__________ sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad. (Hiroji Farjand, Jiva Mahal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Tanaji Malusare

Question 6.
________ crossed the sledge of Panhalagad in disguise of Shivaji Maharaj. (kind, cash, gold)
Answer:
Shiva Kashid

Question 7.
Maharaj made arrangements to pay the salaries of soldiers in _______ (Shiva Kashid, Tanaji Malusare, Kanhoji)
Answer:
cash

Question 8.
_______ described in his powadas the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj. (Lokmanya Tilak, Mahatma jyotirao Phule, Lola Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Give one word for:

Question 1.
Built sea forts and created a navy.
Answer:
Sindhudurg

Question 2.
Written long poem on Maharaj.
Answer:
Vishwakavi Rabindranath Tagore.

Answer in one or two sentences each:

Question 1.
Which powers ruled over Maharashtra before the foundation of Swaraj?
Answer:
Adilshahi, the Portuguese and Mughal powers ruled over Maharashtra.

Question 2.
Which four major dangers did Shivaji Maharaj face?
Answer:
(a) Meeting with Afzalkhan
(b) Siege of Panhala
(c) Attack on Shaistakhan
(d) Escape from Agra

Question 3.
What had Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said about Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
“The Maharaj did not belong to Maharashtra alone, he belonged to the whole Indian nation”, was said by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 4.
What shows that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist?
Answer:
(a) The garbage in his fort was burnt in an allotted space.
(b) Even vegetables had to be grown on its ash. These lines show that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist.

Question 5.
Mention few qualities of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj had innumerable qualities like leadership, management, foresight, political diplomacy, military administration, loyalty towards truth and justice, etc.

Question 6.
Which actions of Shivaji Maharaj prove that he was a pioneer of a new era?
Answer:
Maharaj established Swaraj while fighting against many enemies. This action itself proves that he was a pioneer of a new era.

Question 7.
What did Shivaji Maharaj aim to establish?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj aimed at establishing and maintaining an independent and sovereign existence, that did not accept the dominance of any power.

Question 8.
What was deeply installed in Shivaji Maharaj’s mind?
Answer:
The teachings of his parents towards the establishmnet of Swaraj and ethics were deeply instilled in his mind.

Question 9.
How did Tagore see Shivaji Maharaj’s efforts of founding Swaraj?
Answer:
Tagore saw his efforts on founding Swaraj as efforts for realizing a noble cause.

Find it from the chapter:

Question 1.
What advice did Shivaji Maharaj give theageing Kanhoji when he fell ill?
Answer:
When the ageing Kanhoji fell ill, Maharaj told him not to neglect his medicines or treatment on any account.

Write about the following in your own words:

Question 1.
What inspiration can you draw from Shivaji Maharaj’s life?
Answer:
(i) Future generation will continue to look upon the work of Shivaji Maharaj of founding the Swaraj and turning it into Surajya as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

(ii) Shivaji Maharaj was a great National Hero.

(iii) All Indian languages have works that talk about him as an ideal ruler and a source of inspiration.

Question 2.
Organisational skills of the Maharaj.
Answer:
The organisational skills of the Maharaj were unparallel and for this he had his royal associates.

• Jiva Mahala killed Sayyid Banda during the meeting with Afzalkhan.
• Bajiprabhu Deshpande blocked the advances of the enemy on the way to Vishalgad.
• Murarbaji Deshpande defended the fort of Purandar.
• Tanaji Malusare sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Class 7 English Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write what is implied in the following sentences.

Question a.
But few know his inspirational life story, which is all about courage and fighting against the odds.
(What does it tell you about Faraday’s life?)
Answer:
Faraday was bom into an extremely poor family. He had a speech defect which ended his formal education. He wanted to become a scientist. He came across a lot of difficulties and failures but through courage and determination, he achieved fame and name.

Question b.
Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday.
(What do the words ‘even then’ suggest?)
Answer:
Davy hired Faraday as his Secretary. Faraday worked relentlessly and became indespensible to Davy. ‘Even then’ suggests that even though Faraday did everything to prove himself, Davy did not believe that Faraday was capable of doing anything great.

Question c.
People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself.
(What does it suggest about Davy’s work?)
Answer:
The line suggests that the people felt that Davy had made discoveries which were good but Faraday’s discoveries stood out in comparison to Davy’s work.

2. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section.

Question 1.
Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section.
Answer:

• 1st para: Michael Faraday, an inspiration
• 2nd para: Unhappy childhood
• 3rd para: Reading, an obsession
• 4th para: Twist in life
• 5th para: Magic of Electricity
• 6th para: Play of destiny
• 7th para: Fruits of labour
• 8th para: Revolution for mankind
• 9th para: A scientist is born
• 10th para: Challenges in life
• 11th para: Magic of magnets
• 12th para: A legend is born
• 13th para: Failure – a stepping stone to success
• 14th para: Obstacles – a challenge
• 15th para: Luck smiles again
• 16th para: Believe in yourself

3. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about them (at least 3), using the Internet.

Question 1.
List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about them (at least 3), using the Internet.
Answer:
Gadgets and Instruments:
Fan, air conditioners, sewing machines, power tools, cars, trains, aeroplane engines, induction motors, telescopes, Bavarian glass, microscopes, electrical generators, light bulbs. Now you add to the list of gadgets and instruments. You can add your own too.

1. Microscope: It is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), a Dutch scientist, who in the late 17th century became the first man to make and use a real microscope. All microscopes came with a lens that can magnify 40 times the normal size.

2. Electrical generator: It was invented by Michael Faraday in 1831. It is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Sources of mechanical energy include steam, turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, etc. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

3. Fan: A fan is a machine used to create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangement of blades which act on the fluid. The fan was invented by Schuyler Skaats Wheeler in 1882.

4. Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the internet.
(a) Michael Faraday
(b) Humphry Davy
(c) Thomos Edison
(d) James Maxwell

Question 1.
Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the internet.
Answer:
(a) Michael Faraday: Michael Faraday (1791-1867) was an English (British) Scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He was highly influenced by Humphry Davy and William Thomas Brande. He had notable awards to his credit, a few being Royal Medal, Copley Medal, Rumford Medal, Albert Medal.

(b) Humphry Davy: Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was a British scientist. It was he who found out that the inhalation of nitrous oxide produced surprising results, it came to be known as the laughing gas. He was awarded a medal by Napoleon and he identified the element iodine for the first time. He is remembered for his discoveries of sodium, potassium, calcium.

(c) Thomas Alva Edison: Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) an American inventor and businessman, has been described as America’s greatest inventor. He invented the photograph in 1877 because of which he came to be known as ‘The Wizard of Monto Park’. Thomas Edison had hearing problems during his childhood which persisted. The phonograph was the first machine that could record the sound of someone’s voice and play it back.

Edison recited the nursery rhyme ‘Mary had a little lamb’ and the phonograph played the words back to him. This was invented by a man whose hearing was poor and thought himself as deaf. It was Edison who designed a system of power plants. He has got 1093 patents to his credit. Many awards to his credit. Some of them are Franklin Medal, Albert Medal, Technical Grammy Award, etc.

(d) James Clerk Maxwell: James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics His most notable work was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation. He is known as the Father of Modern Physics. His other contributions included producing the first colour photograph taken in 1861 and many more. He earned an array of awards. To name a few, Rumford Medal, Keith and Hopkins prize, Adams prize, etc.

5. Language Study: Subject and predicate: A word or a phrase in a sentence that shows who or what does the action, is the subject. In the following sentences, the underlined part is the subject.
The baby is laughing.
The glass fell from the table.
The predicate Ls the part of a sentence that tells us something about the subject. The underlined parts of the following sentences show the predicates in them.
The baby is laughing.
The glass fell from the table.

Class 7 English Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the meaning of:

Question i.
Reading became his obsession.
Answer:
He could think of nothing else but reading.

Question ii.
Electricity became a lifelong fascination.
Answer:
Electricity enchanted him throughout his life. Electricity was his passion throughout his life.

Question 2.
Why do you think Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s programme?
Answer:
Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s programme because he knew about Faraday’s fascination for electricity and also that he could not afford the ticket.

Question 3.
Give one example each to show that:

Question i.
Faraday was a good pupil.
Answer:
Davy tried to find out how an electric current could be applied continuously, but failed to figure it out. He asked Faraday to try his hand at it. Faraday set to work and within a few days, solved the problem.

Question ii.
Davy was not a good mentor.
Answer:
Davy was not happy at Faraday’s achievement but was jealous of Faraday.

Question 4.
An induction motor is a commonly used electrical machine. What examples of its uses are given here?
Answer:
The examples of electrical machine in which induction motor is commonly used are:

1. fans
2. air conditioning
3. sewing machines
4. photographs
5. power tools
6. cars
7. trains
8. aeroplane engines.

Question 5.
Why were Faraday’s drawings not accepted?
Answer:
Faraday’s drawing were without any mathematical equations as he did not know much about advanced mathematics and lacked formal education. Faraday’s drawing without mathematical equation could not be understood and so his drawings were not accepted.

Question 6.
Does it mean they were wrong?
Answer:
No, Faraday’s drawings were not wrong. It lacked mathematical equations because of which it could not be understood.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether true or false.
i. Faraday’s Laws are about electricity.
ii. Faraday did not suffer speech defect as an adult.
Answer:
i. True
ii. True.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Where was Michael Faraday bom?
Answer:
Michael Faraday was born into a poverty- stricken family in a dirty London suburb.

Question 2.
What came to an end when Michael Faraday was twelve?
Answer:
Michael Faraday’s formal education came to an end when he was twelve.

Question 3.
What were the odds against Faraday in his childhood?
Answer:
Faraday was born into an extremely poor family. He suffered from speech defect as a child. He could not even pronounce his own name. Other children laughed at him and even his teachers did not help him. when he was twelve, his mother was forced to pull him out from school. This put an end to his formal education.

Vocabulary:

Give the word meaning for.

Question 1.
‘mentor’
Answer:
A wise and trusted counsellor or teacher.

Question 2.
‘reverse engineer it’
Answer:
Taking apart an object and analyzing its components and workings in detail.

Word building.

Question i.
Give the noun form:
(a) inventor
(b) friend
(c) mysterious
(d) agree
Answer:
(a) invention
(b)friendship
(c) mystery
(d) agreement

Question ii.
Give the verb form:
(a) explosion
(b) comprehensive
(c) revolution
(d) success
(e) inspirational
(f) education
(g) modem
(h) courage
Answer:
(a) explode
(b) comprehend
(c) revolve
(d) succeed
(e) inspire
(f) educate
(g) modernize
(h) encourage

Question iii.
Give the adverb form:
(a) difficult
(b) secret
(c) random
(d) invisible
Answer:
(a) difficulty
(b) secretly
(c) randomly
(d) invisibly

Question iv.
Give the adjective form:
(a) communicate
(b) education
(c) experiment
(d) succeed
Answer:
(a) communicative
(b) educative
(c) experimental
(d) successful

Grammar:

Question 1.
Michael Faraday is regarded as one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors! (Add question tag)
Answer:
Michael Faraday is regarded as one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors isn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you like reading inspirational stories?
Answer:
Yes, I do like reading inspirational stories. Reading inspirational stories motivates me to do something in life so that I too can gain fame and name while trying to make the world a better place to live in.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

State whether the following statements are true or false.

Question i.
Faraday succeeded Davy as the head of the laboratory after Davy’s death.
Answer:
True

Question ii.
He was so engrossed in the lecture that he applaud with the rest of the crowd.
Answer:
False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What was the subject of Davy’s lecture?
Answer:
The subject of Davy’s lecture was ‘The Mysterious force of Electric Fluid’.

Question 2.
What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire?
Answer:
When an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet.

Question 3.
Why did Davy choose Faraday as his assistant?
Answer:
Davy was temporarily blinded by a chemical explosion which took place inside his lab. He needed an assistant with an excellent memory. He was reminded of Faraday and decided to make him his assistant.

Question 4.
Was Davy fair in his treatment of Faraday?
Answer:
No, Davy was unfair in his treatment of Faraday. He looked down upon Faraday because of his low social status and education. He told Faraday not to aspire for too.much and to stick to book-binding.

Question 5.
How did Faraday respond to that treatment?
Answer:
Davy’s treatment did not dishearten Faraday. Faraday was relentless. He worked day and night and learnt as much as he could and became indispensible to Davy.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the noun forms of the following.
i. comprehensive
ii. aspire
Answer:
i. comprehension
ii. aspiration.

Question 2.
Give the adverb form:
i. difficult
ii. invisible
Answer:
i. difficulty
ii. invisibly.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Destiny had a strange plan in store for him. (Use a question tag)
Answer:
Destiny had a strange plan in store for him, didn’t it?

Question 2.
Identify the subject and predicate from the following sentences.

1. Davy became his role model.
2. Destiny had a strange plan in store for him. Subject Predicate

Subject	Predicate
a. Davy	became his role model.
b. Destiny	had a strange plan in store for him.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What actions and thoughts of Faraday show that he was inspired by Davy?
Answer:
The actions and thoughts of Faraday which shows he was inspired by Davy are as follows:

1. He kept taking notes.
2. He was so engrossed in the lecture that he forgot to applaud.
3. He bound the notes he had taken down into a book, hoping to gift it to Davy.
4. He was inspired to become a great scientist and Davy became his role model.
5. Faraday thought that it would be wonderful if Davy became his mentor.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Say whether the following statements are true or false.

Question i.
Faraday succeeded Davy in 1829.
Answer:
True

Question ii.
In 1830 Faraday developed memory loss which continued for the rest of his life.
Answer:
False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
When did Faraday develop memory loss?
Answer:
Faraday developed memory loss in 1840.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give a sub-heading or title to the extract.
Answer:
‘Faraday – a Legend is born’.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Find any 4 verbs from the above extract.
Answer:
died, succeeded, made, moved.

Question 2.
Find any 2 proper nouns from the above extract.
Answer:
Faraday and Davy.

Question 3.
Faraday was now a legend. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Faraday was now a legend, wasn’t he?

Question 4.
Remember that piece of Bavarian glass Faraday had kept on his shelf? (State the Kind of sentence)
Answer:
Interrogative Sentence.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Write the idea behind an electrical generator.
Answer:
Faraday noticed that if he moved a magnet, it would produce electrical current, converting motion into electricity. This is how the electrical generator came into being.

Question 2.
How far did Faraday convert the reminder of his first major failure into an instrument of great success?
Answer:
Faraday used the reminder of his first major failure, the Bavarian glass, to show the concept of polarisation. He thus converted it into an instrument of great success.

Question 3.
What complicated experiment did Faraday begin after he developed a memory loss?
Answer:
After developing a memory loss, Faraday began a complicated experiment to prove that light was closely related to electricity and magnetism.

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Pick out the subject and predicate.

Question i.
A wealthy, educated physicist, he met.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: met a wealthy, educated physicist

Question ii.
He was unable to explain.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: was unable to explain

Question iii.
The induction motor spurred a revolution.
Answer:
Subject: The induction motor
Predicate: spurred a revolution

Question iv.
At thirteen, however, he stated working.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: started working at thirteen

Question v.
One day he came across a book on electricity.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: came across a book on electricity one day.

Question vi.
Other children laughed at him.
Answer:

• Subject: Other children
• Predicate: laughed at him
• Remember: If there is no subject, put a ‘you’ in the subjects place.
• e.g. Shut the door.
• Subject: You Predicate: Shut the door

Question 2.
Other children laughed at him. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Other children laughed at him. didn’t they?

Question 3.
He started reading it. (State the kind of verb – Transitive/ Intransitive)
Answer:
started – transitive verb reading – transitive verb

Question 4.
Other children laughed at him. (Begin with’He…’)
Answer:
He was laughed at by other children.

Question 5.
Faraday solved the problem. (End with ‘…Faraday’)
Answer:
The problem was solved by Faraday.

Question 6.
Faraday was now a legend. (Make it interrogative)
Answer:
Wasn’t Faraday now a legend?

Question 7.
James Maxwell was a wealthy, educated physicist. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined word as the answer)
Answer:
Who was James Maxwell?

Question 8.
Get me a glass of water. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject-You
Predicate – Get me a glass of water.

Question 9.
He undertook it as challenges and opportunities. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined words)
Answer:
challenges, opportunities – nouns.
Writing Skills

Question 10.
Find out from the internet an inspiring story.
Answer:
Lionel Messi, bom in 1987, into a middle-class family who lived in Argentina. He grew up in a football-loving family. He developed a passion for football at an early age. At 5, he showed great skills at a club coached by his father. It was strange to see that he was way too short when compared to the boys of his age. Wherever he went he was the shortest of all.

This did not stop him from playing. At the age of 11, he was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and had to take medical assistance. Every night he had to take an injection in his legs for 3 years. His family could not afford the treatment for long. Though he was a great asset for his soccer club, they refused to pay his bills. Lady Luck smiled on him and his family. At 13, he got an offer from F. C. Barcelona that they would pay for his treatment if he played for them.

His family moved to Spain with no money or job, all in the hope that his treatment will make him big enough to play soccer. At 17, despite being injury prone he became the youngest player in F. C. Barcelona to score a goal and became a star performer. Today, Lionel Messi is known as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He has won the most Ballon d’Ors in the world. The FIFA Ballon d’Or (Golden Ball) also known as the European Footballer of the year, was an annual association football award presented to the world’s best male player.
Messi’s story teaches us ‘Never lose hope.
You never know what tomorrow might bring. Keep believing in yourself’.

Great Scientists Summary in English

The lesson ‘Great Scientists’ is an inspirational and motivational lesson. The story about Michael Faraday and his journey through all odds in life to become one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors of modern times is really an eye-opener to all those who give up easily when faced with a difficult situation. Perseverance and a will to win will surely reach you to the height of success is described in this story. This is a story all teens must-read.

Introduction:

The lesson ‘Great Scientists’ is taken from the introduction to ‘Reignited’ by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh.

Glossary:

1. persevering (v) – to continue doing something in a determined way despite having difficulties ‘
2. deterred (v) – discouraged
3. distinguished (adj) – renowned, famous
4. inspirational (adj) – encouraged or making you feel you want to do something
5. poverty-stricken (adj) – extremely poor
6. defect (n) – lack or fault in a person
7. formal education (n) – classroom based education given by trained teachers
8. obsession (n) – the state of being preoccupied with someone or something
9. fascination (n) – passion
10. renowned (adj) – famous
11. comprehensive (adj) – exhaustive
12. dejected (adj) – sad
13. relentless (adj) – persistent
14. indispensable (adj) – that one cannot do without
15. career (n) – profession, occupation
16. revolution (n) – something that signifies a great change
17. reverse (v) – to turn something inside out
18. accomplish (v) – to finish successfully
19. significant (n) – notable
20. souvenir (n) – an item of sentimental value
21. complicated (adj) – difficult
22. randomly (adj) – without definite direction
23. filings (n) – particles of something (metal)
24. invisible (adj) – which cannot be seen
25. galaxies (n) – milky way
26. aliens (n) – any life form of extra terrestrial origin
27. conviction (n) – belief
28. epitomizes (v) – sums up
29. mentor (n) – a wise and trusted counsellor or teacher
30. reverse engineer it – taking apart an object and analyzing its components and working in detail
31. dynamo – a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
32. applaud – clap.
33. perseverance – hard work.
34. aspirations (n) – hopes of achieving something.
35. binding (v) – to join separate pieces of paper and make a book.
36. chemist (n) – a person who does chemical experiments or research.
37. consistent (adj) – that does not change over a period of time.
38. engrossed (v) – engaged with complete attention.
39. hooked (adj) – being so excited about something that you are unable to leave.
40. isolated (adj) – alone, separate.
41. legend (n) – a person who is very famous and admired.
42. novel (adj) – new and unusual.
43. pursue (v) – to engage in an activity over a long period of time.

Read More:

Gift Nifty Historical Data

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write answers to the following questions in your own words:

Question a.
Why is the weight of the same object different on different planets?
Answer:
The weight of the same object is different on different planets because weight depends on the gravitational force of the planet and gravitational force on every planet is different so the weight also differs from planet to planet.

Question b.
What precautions will you take to make accurate measurements in day-to-day affairs?
Answer:
Following precautions will be taken to make accurate measurements in day to day affairs:

1. The balance should carry the stamp of standardisation by the department of weights and measures.
2. Balance should be stable and the pointer of the balance should be upright.
3. The underside of the pan should not be tampered with any other weight or layers of other metal.
4. The weight should be made of metal.

Question c.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Answer:

Mass	Weight
1. The amount of matter present in a substance is called mass.	1. The gravitational force that acts on this mass is called its weight.
2. It is a scalar quantity.	2. It is a vector quantity.
3. Mass remains same everywhere on the earth.	3. Weight changes from place to place on the ‘        earth.

2. Who is my companion? 

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Exercise Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Velocity	a. Litre
2. Area	b. Kilogram
3. Volume	c. metre/second
4. Mass	d. kilogram/cubic metre
5. Density	e. square metre

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Velocity	c. metre/second
2. Area	e. square metre
3. Volume	a. Litre
4. Mass	b. Kilogram
5. Density	d. kilogram/cubic metre

3. Explain giving examples. 

Question a.
Scalar quantity:
Answer:
A quantity that can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone is called a scalar quantity, e.g. length, breadth, area, mass, temperature, density, time, work. In all these examples a value with a unit is used to express quantities. Thus, we say that the length of a tunnel is 2 km.

Question b.
Vector quantity:
Answer:
The quantity that is expressed completely only.’ v when magnitude and direction are both given is called a vector quantity. Displacement, velocity are vector quantities e.g. a displacement of 20 km towards north, the aeroplane flying at a velocity of 500 km/hr towards Mumbai.

4. Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.

Question a.
Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.
Answer:
Major causes of errors in measurement are:

1. Not using the appropriate device.
2. Not using the device properly.

Example: While buying things at grocery shops and the vegetable market remember to look out for the following:

• The balance should carry the stamp of standardisation by the department of weights and measures.
• Balance should be stable. The pointer of the balance should be upright.
• No changes should be done on the underside of the pan of the balance.
• Weight should be made up of metals and it has to be standardized.

5. Give reasons:

Question a.
It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units.
Answer:
It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units because length of the body parts changes from person to person, so accurate measurement can not be found with the body parts as units.

Question b.
It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.
Answer:
It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals because of that accurate weight and measurement can be taken. Errors will be avoided.

6. Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.

Question a.
Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.
Answer:

1. Measurement of substances that are precious or of great importance and used in very small quantities is done meticulously and accurately.
2. Due to advancements in technology, devices that measure very small magnitudes of quantities like distance, mass, time and temperature are available now.
3. e.g. distance and time in connection with very important sports competitions, mass of gold, body temperature etc.
4. Devices to be used for this are thermometer, digital balance (Analytical balance) etc.

Project:

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 1.
Collect information about various physical quantities used in day-to-day life and the devices used for their measurement.

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Std 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 1.
The amount of matter present in a substance is called ………………. .
Answer:
mass

Measurement Of Physical Quantities Class 7 Exercise Question 2.
…………. is the qualitative measure of the inertia of an object.
Answer:
mass

6. Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 3.
The larger the mass, the ……………. is the inertia.
Answer:
greater

6.Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 4.
Mass is a …………… quantity.
Answer:
scalar

Physical Quantities And Measurement Class 7 Question 5.
…………… does not change from place to place anywhere in the world.
Answer:
mass

Measurement Of Physical Quantities Class 7 Question 6.
The gravitational force that acts on a mass is called its ……………. .
Answer:
weight

6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 7.
Wright is a …………… quantity.
Answer:
vector

Question 8.
System International (SI) is also called ………….. .
Answer:
metric system

Question 9.
In Egypt in ancient times, the distance from a man’s elbow to the tip of his middle finger was called a ………… .
Answer:
cubit

Question 10.
Gold was weighed in a unit called …………… .
Answer:
gun

Who is my companion?

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Gold	a. Hour glass
2. Time	b. Vector
3. Distance	c. Gunj
4. Weight	d. Cubit

Answer

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Gold	c. Gunj
2. Time	a. Hour glass
3. Distance	d. Cubit
4. Weight	b. Vector

Say whether true or false. Correct and rewrite the false statements:

Question 1.
The standards of the six fundamental units are kept in the National Physical Laboratory at New Delhi.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Matter has a natural tendency to resist a change in its state, which is called inertia.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Weight and mass are both equal quantities.
Answer:
False. Weight and mass are both different quantities

Question 4.
Work is a vector quantity.
Answer:
False. Work is a scalar quantity

Question 5.
Velocity is a scalar quantity.
Answer:
False. Velocity is a vector quantity

Question 6.
Unit of time in both the systems is second.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Unit of mass in C.G.S. system is kilogram
Answer:
False. Unit of mass in C.G.S. system is gram

Question 8.
Symbol of unit of second is sec.
Answer:
False. Symbol of unit of second is ‘s’

Question 9.
1 cubic foot means 28.317 ml
Answer:
False. 1 cubic foot means 28.317 litres.

Question 10.
Vector quantity requires magnitude only.
Answer:
False. Vector quantity required magnitude and direction both.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Weight of our body on the moon is less than that on the earth.
Answer:

1. Gravitational power of moon is less than the earth.
2. Weight depends on the gravitational power of that place.
3. Since the gravitational power of the moon is less than that of the earth, the weight on moon is less than that on the earth.

Question 2.
Mass is a scalar quantity
Answer:
Mass is a scalar quantity because it can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone, so it is scalar quantity.

Question 3.
Weight is a vector quantity.
Answer:
Weight can be expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are both given so weight is a vector quantity.

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
Scalar quantity and Vector quantity
Answer:

Scalar quantity	Vector quantity
1. A quantity that can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone is called a scalar quantity.	1. The quantity that is expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are both given is called a vector quantity.
2. e.g. mass, length, area, breadth, density, time, work etc.	2. e.g. velocity displacement

Question 2.
M.K.S. system and C.G.S. system
Answer:

M.K.S. system	C.G.S. system
1. In this system distance is measured in metres, mass in kilograms and time in seconds.	1. In this system distance is measured in centimetres, mass in grams and time in seconds.
2. e.g. Unit of velocity is m/sec, Unit of area is square metre.	2. e.g. Unit of velocity is cm/sec, Unit of area is square centimetre.

Define the following:

1. Mass: The amount of matter present in a substance is called mass.
2. Inertia: Matter has a natural tendency to resist a change in its state, which is called Inertia.
3. Weight: The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called its weight.
4. Physical Quantities: The quantities in day to day life which can be measured are called physical quantities.
5. Standardization: The process of checking things against a standard measure from time to time is called standardization.

Write answers to the following questions in your own words.

Question 1.
What is an atomic clock?
Answer:
An extremely accurate type of clock which is regulated by the vibrations of an atomic or molecular system such as caesium atom or ammonia is called atomic clock. It is used to maintain standard times of countries accurately.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Why would the weight of an object be; maximum at the poles and minimum at the equator?
Answer:

1. The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called the weight.
2. The earth is not exactly spherical, it flattens at the poles.
3. As the distance increases the gravitational force decreases.
4. Therefore due to reduced distance at the poles compared to the equator, the weight is maximum at the poles than equator.

Question 2.
Why is the weight of an object at a high altitude less than its weight at the sea-level?
Answer:

1. The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called the weight.
2. The gravitational force is always inversely proportional to the distance.
3. So as the distance increases between the earth and the object, the gravitational force decreases.
4. The gravitational force by which the earth attracts an object towards its centre is called weight.
5. The weight at the sea-level is higher than at higher altitude, as the object is at a greater distance at higher altitudes compared to sea-level.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Can you tell ?

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration Of The Swaraj Question 1.
A Council with eight departments –
Answer:
Ashtapradhan Mandal

The Administration Of The Swaraj Std 7 Question Answer Question 2.
Bahirj Naik was the Head of this department –
Answer:
Intelligence department.

The Administration Of The Swaraj Std 7 Question 3.
The sea fort built by Maharaj near Malvan –
Answer:
Sindhudurga

7 The Administration Of The Swaraj Question Answer Question 4.
He looked after the war materials on the fort –
Answer:
The Karkhanis.

2. Write about it in your own words:

The Administration Of The Swaraj Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj’s Policy regarding agriculture.
Answer:

• Agriculture was the backbone of the village/ rural economy
• Shivaji Maharaj paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.
• The officers were warned not to collect more revenue than the fixed amount.
• Peasants were encouraged to bring more land under cultivation.
• Special concession was granted if: There was famine, floods or if any army of the enemy had devasted the area.
• Bullocks, ploughs and good seeds were provided to the peasants.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj – a ruler concerned about the welfare of his subjects.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji Maharaj had an excellent agricultural policy like fixed revenue. He paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.

(ii) Concessions to the farmers who had crop failure due to floods, famine, etc.

(iii) He provided bullocks, ploughs and good seeds to the farmers.

(iv) He increased trade so that kingdom could prosper.

(v) He protected industries, e.g. The salt industry in the Konkan.

(vi) Salt imported from the Portuguese territory would then cost more so he protected the salt industry in Konkan. Hence the above stories reveal that Shivaji Maharaj was concerned about the welfare of his subjects.

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers.
Answer:

• Shivaji Maharaj divided the administration in to eight different departments.
• For the convenience of the administration, Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers called ‘Ashtapradhan Mandal’.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.
Answer:

• The enemies on the west coast of India created obstacles in the work of expansion of the Swaraj.
• It was necessary to curb their activities and to protect the west coast.
• Shivaji Maharaj also realized that the one who has a navy, controls the sea. Hence, Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.

4. Complete the chart:

Question 1.

Answer:

Activities:

1. Interview a person in your neighbourhood who has served in the armed forces.
2. Visit a market in your town. List the items prepared/grown in the neighbourhood and those that come from outside.

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj entrusted the responsibility of organizing the land revenue system to _____ .(Bahuji Naik, Netaji Palkar, Annaji Datto)
Answer:
Annaji Datto

Question 2.
_________ was the highest officer in the cavalry. (Sarnobat, Havaldar, Naik)
Answer:
Sarnobat

Question 3.
One of the excellent sea forts was ________ (Sindhudurga, Padmadurga, Rajgad)
Answer:
Sindhudurga

Question 4.
______ looked after the storage of food grains and maintenance of war material on the fort. (Killedar, Karkhanis, Sabnis)
Answer:
Karkhanis

Question 5.
______ was the backbone of rural economy. (Navy, Agriculture, Army)
Answer:
Agriculture

Question 6.
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a _______ Council of Ministers. (four, eight, seven)
Answer:
Eight

Question 7.
Shivaji Maharaj knew the importance of __________ (trade, agriculture, industries)
Answer:
agriculture

Name the following:

Question 1.
He is the chief of the infantry.
Answer:
Sarnobat

Question 2.
Officers of infantry.
Answer:
(a) Havaldar
(b) Jumledar

Question 3.
Two type of cavalrymen.
Answer:
(a) Shiledars
(b) Bargirs

Question 4.
Number of forts in Swaraj.
Answer:
300 Forts

Question 5.
Number of ships of various kind in Navy.
Answer:
400 ships

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which officers were there on the forts?
Answer:
There was a Killedar, Sabnis and a Karkhanis on every fort.

Question 2.
Which were the hill forts built by Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
(i) Pratapgad
(ii) Pavangad
(iii) Rajgad

Question 3.
Name the battleships in the Navy of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
(i) Gurab
(ii) Galbat
(iii) Pal

Question 4.
What were the two types of cavalrymen?
Answer:
(i) The Shiledar with his own horse and weapons
(ii) The Bargirs who were provided with a horse and weapons by the state.

Question 5.
Who were the Chief Naval Commanders?
Answer:
Maynak Bhandari and Daulatkhan were the Chief Naval Commanders.

Question 6.
Name the enemies on the west coast, who created obstacles in the expansion of Swaraj.
Answer:

• The Portuguese of Goa
• The Siddi of Janjira
• The British factors of Surat
• The Rajapur.

Question 7.
What constituted the ‘Ashtapradhan Mandal’?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a council of eight ministers handling the affairs of eight different departments. These eight heads of department constituted the Ashtapradhan Mandal.

Question 8.
How did Shivaji Maharaj appoint the council of ministers?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj appointed the council on the basis of their merits and achievements, and they were paid handsome salaries.

Question 9.
How did Shivaji Maharaj describe the merchants?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj described the merchants as “Merchants are the ornaments of the kingdom and the glory of the king”.

Question 10.
Name some of the famous sarnobats (officers) of the cavalry.
Answer:

• Netaji Palkar
• Prataprao
• Gujar
• Hambirrao Mohite.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj encouraged trade.
Answer:

• Shivaji knew that a kingdom does not prosper if the trade does not increase.
• Necessary goods could be brought in the kingdom.
• Goods were available in plenty.
• Prosperity of trade increased the wealth.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt industry in Konkan.
Answer:

• At that time, traders imported salt from the Portuguese territory and sold in Swaraj.
• They paid heavy duty on the salt.
• That affected the local trade in Konkan areas. Hence Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt Industry in Konkan.

Question 3.
Forts were of great importance.
Answer:

• Possession of a fort made it possible to keep an eye on the surrounding area.
• In case of a foreign invasion, it was possible to protect the people by taking shelter in the fort.
• It was possible to stock the fort with food grains, war materials, ammunition and military garrison.
• Hence forts were of great importance.

Write about the following in your own words:

Question 1.
Bahirji Naik
Answer:

• Bahirji Naik was the head of the intelligence department.
• He was extremely skilled in his job.
• He collected accurate and detailed information about the subject.

Question 2.
Ashtapradhan Mandal of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

Name of the Minister	Designation	Work
1. Moro Trimbak Pingle	Pradhan	Run the administration and make arrangement for the conquered territories.
2. Ramchandra Nilkanth Muzumdar	Amatya	Keeping the accounts of the state.
3. Annaji Datto	Sachiv	To prepare royal edicts.
4. Dattaji Trimbak Waknis	Mantri	Correspondence
5. Hambirrao Mohite	Senapati	Organisation of the Army and protecting the kingdom.
6. Ramchandra Trimbak Dabir	Sumant	Foreign relation.
7. Niraji Rawaji	Nyayadhish	Dispense justice.
8. Moreshwar Panditrao	Panditrao	Look after religious matters.

Lets Learn:

Obtain information about the Armed Forces of India

Question 1.
State the names of the three Armed forces.
Answer:

• The Indian Army
• The Indian Navy
• The Indian Air force

Question 2.
What is the designation of the head of each forces?
Answer:

• The Indian Army – General
• The Indian Navy – Admiral
• The Indian Air force – Air Chief Marshal

Question 3.
Who is the head of all the three forces?
Answer:
The President of India is the head of all the three forces.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis

Class 7 History Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the related word:

Religious Synthesis Class 7 Questions And Answers  Question 1.
Shri Basaveshwar : Karnataka
Meerabai : ……………………. .
Answer:
Mewad

Religious Synthesis Class 7  Question 2.
Ramananda : North India
Chaitanya Maha Prabhu : …………… .
Answer:
Bengal

Question 3.
Shri Chakradhar : ………………. .
Shankaradeva : ………………… .
Answer:
(a) Mahanubhav Panth
(b) Bhakti Movement

2. Make a chart to show the people and works related to

Bhakti movement
Mahanubhav Panth
Sikhism
Answer:

S.no	movements		People		Contribution
(1)	Bhakti Movement	(a)	Ramanuja and other Acharyas	(a)	Strengthened the base of Bhakti movement in South India.
		(b)	Sant Ramanand	(b)	Strengthened Bhakti movement in North India.
		(c)	Sant Kabir	(c)	He did not believe in rituals. For him truth
					was God. Preached equality and wanted to bring about Hindu and Muslim unity. He criticised orthodox people in strong terms.
		(d)	Chaitanya Mahaprabhu	(d)	Underlined the importance of Krishnabhakti. Due to his teachings people joined the Bhakti movement transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.
		(e)	Shankaradeva	(e)	Spread Bhakti movement in Assam.
		(f)	Narsi Mehta	(f)	Vajshnawa Sant from Gujarat, he gave the message of equality.
		(g)	Sant Mirabai	(g)	Stressed on the importance of devotion to Krishna and gave the message of devotion, tolerance and humanity.
		(h)	Sant Rohidas	(h)	Gave the message of equality and humanity.
		(i)	Basaveshwar	(i)	Spread the lingayat stream of thought. He opposed caste system and emphasised on dignity of labour.
		(j)	Pamp, Purandardasa and others.	(j)	Composed devotional verses in Kannada.
(2)	Mahanubhav Panth	(a)	Chakradhar Swami	(a)	Preached devotion to Krishna Supported equality Preached in Marathi leading to the development of the Marathi language.
(3)	Sikhism	(a)	Guru Nanak	(a)	(1)  The founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs. He attempted to bring about religious synthesis and aimed to achieve Hindu-Muslim unity. (2) Emphasized on equality and chaste behaviour. (3) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.

3. Write about it in your own words.

Question 1.
Sant Kabir became a renowned sant in the Bhakti movement.
Answer:

• Sant Kabir opposed rituals. He did not attach any importance to places of pilgrimage, Vratas or idol worship.
• He believed that truth was God.
• He believed in equality opposed differences based on caste, creed, sect and religion.
• He advocated Hindu and Muslim unity and strongly criticised the extremely orthodox people belonging to both Hindu and Muslim religion.
• The impact of Sant Basaveshwar’s work on society.
• Shri Basaveshwar from Karnataka spread the lingayat stream of thought. He preached in Kannada, the language of the people.
• He opposed caste system and stressed on the value of Dignity of Labour.
• Encouraged by his teachings, men and women belonging to all castes began to participate in the religious discussions.
• His followers composed their work in Marathi also.
• His work had a great impact on the society.

4. Complete the following names.

Question 1.
G _ _ _ G _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh

Question 2.
S _ _ _ _ S _
Answer:
Surdasa

Question 3.
G _ _ _ N _ _ _ _
Answer:
Guru Nanak

Question 4.
M _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ m _
Answer:
Manmath Swami

Question 5.
M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i
Answer:
Mirabai

Question 6.
R _ _ _ n _ n _
Answer:
Ramanand

Question 7.
K _ _ i _
Answer:
Kabir

Question 8.
P _ _ p
Answer:
Pamp

Activity

Obtain a devotional song in the tradition of Sufi music and present it in a cultural programme.

Class 7 History Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
The Bhakti movement used the common people’s language instead of _____ (Hindi, Prakrit, Sanskrit)
Answer:
Sanskrit

Question 2.
It is believed that the Bhakti movement originated in ________. (South India, North India, North-East)
Answer:
South India

Question 3.
The _______ were devotees of Shiva. (Alawars, Naynars, Mahanubhav Panth Sect)
Answer:
Naynars

Question 4.
The Alawars were devotees of _______ .(Krishna, Shiva, Vishnu)
Answer:
Vishnu

Question 5.
In _______ , Chaitanya Mahaprabhu underlined the importance of Krishnabhakti. (Bengal, Assam, Gujarat)
Answer:
Bengal

Question 6.
Narsi Mehta was renowned Vaishnawa Sant in _________ (Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan)
Answer:
Gujarat

Question 7.
Belonging to the royal family of Mewad, Sant Mirabai stressed on the importance devotion to ______ (Vishnu, Krishna, Shiva)
Answer:
Krishna

Question 8.
In _______, Basaveshwar spread the lingayat stream of thought. (Karnataka, Punjab, Maharashtra)
Answer:
Karnataka

Question 9.
In the ,______ Chakradhar Swami founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra. (thirteenth century, fifteenth century, seventeenth century)
Answer:
thirteenth century

Question 10.
______ was the founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of the Sikhs. (Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Nanak)
Answer:
Guru Nanak

Question 11.
The _______ saints believed that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through devotion. (Sufi, Sikhism, Bhakti)
Answer:
Sufi

Question 12.
_______ music has made valuable contribution to Indian Music. (Carnatic, Classical, Sufi)
Answer:
Carnatic

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Surdasa	(a) Verses of Krishnabhakti
(2) Sant Raskhan	(b) Ramcharita Manasa
(3) Sant Tulsidas	(c) Paramarahasya
(4) Manmath Swami	(d) Sursagar

Answer:
1 – d
2 – a
3 – b
4 – c

Write the related word:

Question 1.
Shri Basaveshwar: Karnataka
Sant Narsi Mehta: ________.
Answer:
Gujarat

Question 2.
Guru Nanak: The First Guru
Guru Gobind Singh: ______.
Answer:
Tenth Guru

Name the following:

Question 1.
Practices which’were greatly emphasized in Indian religious life initially.
Answer:
(a) Rituals
(b) Brahmadnyan

Question 2.
The path of devotion which facilitated religious synthesis.
Answer:
Bhakti Marg

Question 3.
The two Bhakti movements which emerged in South India.
Answer:
(a) The Naynar Bhakti Movement
(b) The Alawar Bhakti Movement

Question 4.
Values preached by the Bhakti Movement.
Answer:
(a) Love of God
(b) Humanity
(c) Compassion
(d) Mercy

Question 5.
He and other Acharyas strengthened the base of the Bhakti movement in South India.
Answer:
Ramanuja

Question 6.
One who strengthened the Bhakti movement in North India.
Answer:
Sant Ramanand

Question 7.
Well-known Sant in the Bhakti movement who did not attach any importance to places of pilgrimage, Vratas or idol worship.
Answer:
Sant Kabir

Question 8.
In Bengal due to his teachings, people joined the Bhakti movement by transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.
Answer:
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Question 9.
He spread the Bhakti movement in Assam.
Answer:
Shankaradeva

Question 10.
Renowned Vaishnawa Sant in Gujarat who is known as the first poet of the Gujarati language.
Answer:
Narsi Mehta

Question 11.
From the Royal family of Mewad, her devotional verses give the message of devotion, tolerance and humanity.
Answer:
SantMirabai

Question 12.
In Karnataka he spread the lingayat stream of thought.
Answer:
Shri Basaveshwar

Question 13.
Shri Basaveshwar conveyed his teachings in Kannada through this medium.
Answer:
Vachana literature

Question 14.
Any two Great Sants of Karnataka
Answer:
(a) Pamp
(b) Purandardasa

Question 15.
In the thirteenth century he founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami

Question 16.
The Guru of Chakradhar Swami.
Answer:
Shri Govind Prabhu

Question 17.
The founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Nanak

Question 18.
The followers of Guru Nanak.
Answer:
Sikhs

Question 19.
The Holy Book of the Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Granth Sahib also known as ‘Aadigrantha’.

Question 20.
Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh

Question 21.
The sect in Islam which believes that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through love and devotion.
Answer:
Sufi Sect

Question 22.
Two great Sufi Saints.
Answer:
(a) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisfi
(b) Shaikh Nijamuddin Avaliya

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the important characteristic of the Indian society?
Answer:
Diversity in language and religion is an important characteristic of the Indian society.

Question 2.
Write about the efforts which have a significant place in bringing about religious synthesis in social life.
Answer:
Among the other efforts, the Bhakti movement, Sikhism and the Sufi Sect have a significant place in bringing about religious synthesis.

Question 3.
What did the different streams of thought that arose in different parts of India emphasise upon?
Answer:
The different streams of thought that arose in different parts of India emphasised upon harmony between different sects and religions along with devotion to God.

Question 4.
How did the Bhakti movement help in the development of regional languages?
Answer:
The Bhakti movement used the common people’s language instead of Sanskrit and this helped in the development of regional languages.

Question 5.
What did Ramanuja and other Acharyas tell the people?
Answer:
Ramanuja and other Acharyas told the people that God is for all and that God does not discriminate.

Question 6.
What was the impact of the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu from Bengal?
Answer:
Due to the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, people joined the Bhakti movement transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.

Question 7.
Which value did Shri Basaveshwar stress on and what is his well-known saying?
Answer:
Basaveshwar stressed on the value of Dignity of Labour and his well-known saying is ‘Kayakave Kailas’ which means ‘Work is Kailas’ (Work is worship).

Question 8.
Who founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra? When?
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra in the thirteenth century.

Question 9.
How did Chakradhar Swami contribute to the development of the Marathi language?
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami preferred to preach in Marathi instead of Sanskrit and this led to the development of the Marathi language.

Question 10.
What did the teachings of Guru Nanak aim at?
Answer:
The teachings of Guru Nanak aimed at achieving Hindu-Muslim unity.

Question 11.
What does ‘Aadigrantha’ the Holy Book of the Sikhs include?
Answer:
The ‘Aadigrantha’ the Holy Book of the Sikhs includes compositions by Guru Nanak, Sant Namdeo, Sant Kabir and other sants.

Question 12.
What does the Sikhs regard as their Guru? Why?
Answer:
After Guru Gobind Singh, Sikhs regard ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ as their Guru as per the orders of Guru Gobind Singh.

Question 13.
What did the Sufi saints believe in?
Answer:
The Sufi saints believed that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through love and devotion.

Question 14.
What are the main teachings of the Sufi > Saints?
Answer:
The main teachings of the Sufi Saints are love for all living beings, meditation and simple living.

Question 15.
What did the teachings of the Sufi Saints lead to?
Answer:
The teachings of Sufi Saints led to unity in the Hindu and Muslim communities.

Write about it in your own words:

Question 1.
Guru Nanak’s thoughts on religious equality.
Answer:

• Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs. He worked towards religious synthesis.
• Having visited the holy places of both Hindus and Muslims, he realised that the feeling of devotion is common in all religion.
• He emphasised on equality and chaste behaviour and aimed to achieve Hindu- Muslim unity through his teachings.

Question 2.
The Sufi sect.
Answer:

• The Sufi sect is an Islamic sect which believes that God is full of love and can be reached only through love and devotion.
• Their main teachings are love for all living beings, meditation and simple living.
• The teachings of Sufi Saints led to unity in the Hindu and Muslim communities.
• Sufi music has made valuable contribution to Indian music.

Complete the following diagram:

Question 1.

Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj

Class 7 History Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the following chart:

Question 1.

	Village (Mauja)	Kasba	Pargana
What it means	………	………….	………….
Officers	……………..	……………..	……………..
Example	………..	…………..	…………….

Answer:

	Village (Mauja)	Kasba	Pargana
What it means	A small village	A big village	Group of Villages
Officers	Patil Kulkarni	The Shete The Mahajan	The Deshmukh TheDeshpande
Example	Bavdhan	Wai Kasba of Wai Pargana	The Pune Paragana

2. Write the meaning:

Maharashtra Before The Time Of Shivaji Maharaj Question Answer Question 1.
Budruk
Answer:
(i) ‘Badruk’ is a suffix added to the name of the village, which indicated that the village was independent.
(ii) The original town was called Budruk.
(iii) Example: Vadgaon Budruk.

Maharashtra Before Shivaji Question 2.
Baluta
Answer:
(i) A share of the agricultural produce paid by peasants to the artisans for their services to the villagers.
(ii) This share was known as Baluta.

Maharashtra Before The Times Of Shivaji Maharaj Question 3.
Vatan
Answer:
Vatan is an Arabic word. In Maharashtra it is used to refer to hereditary land to which the holder does not have to pay revenue.

3. Find out and write:

Maharashtra Before Shivaji Maharaj Question 1.
People from Africa who had settled along the Konkan coastline –
Answer:
Siddi

Maharashtra Before Shivaji Question Answer Question 2.
The author of ‘Amrutanubhav’ –
Answer:
Sant Dnyaneshwar

Maharashtra Before Shivaji, Question And Answer Question 3.
The place where Sant Tukaram belonged to –
Answer:
Dehu near Pune

Question 4.
He composed Bharuds –
Answer:
Sant Eknath

Question 5.
He explained the importance of physical fitness
Answer:
Sant Ramdas

Question 6.
Women Sants –
Answer:
Sant Soyrabai, Sant Nirmalabai, Sant Muktabai, Sant Janabai

4. Write about these personalities and their work in your own words:

Question 1.
Sant Namdeo
Answer:

• Sant Namdeo was a great saint of the Varkari movement.
• He awakened the sense of equality in men and women belonging to all castes through the medium of his excellent Keertan.
• His abhanga compositions are well-known.
• He travelled to Punjab and propagated his thoughts.
• His compositions are included in the ‘Guru Grant Sahib’ of the Sikhs.
• He propagated the message of Bhagwat religion (from village to village) in all quarters.

Question 2.
Sant Dnyaneshwar
Answer:

• Sant Dnyaneshwar wrote the ‘Bhavartha- deepika’ or ‘Dnyaneshwari’.
• He also composed Amrutanubhav.
• He showed a simple way of worship and conduct which the common people could follow easily.
• His ‘Pasayadaan in Dnyaneshwari uplifts the mind.

Question 3.
Sant Eknath
Answer:

• His compositions include abhanga, gavalana, bharud, etc.
• He had stated the Bhagvat Dharma in detail in a simple manner.
• His abhangas show the warmth of devotion.
• He presented people’s life in Bhavarth Ramayana.
• He believed that the Marathi language was inferior to no other language.

Question 4.
Sant Tukaram
Answer:

• Sant Tukaram belonged to Dehu near Pune.
• His compositions or abhangas are very pleasing and lucid, reaching the greatest poetic heights.
• His ‘Gatha’ is a precious treasure of the Marathi language.
• He freed many poor families from the bonds of loan.
• He criticized the prevalent hypocrisy and superstitions in the society.

5. Why were droughts a great calamity for the people?
Answer:
The droughts were a great calamity for the people because:

• The prices of food grain had risen.
• There was a severe scarcity of food grains.
• Entire families were destroyed.
• There was no fodder for cattle.
• Water became scarce.
• Cattle and farm animals died.
• Agriculture was completely ruined.
• All financial transactions came to a standstill.

Activities

1. Plan how you will help a Varkari Dindi.
2. Dress up as Sants and present their compositions.

Class 7 History Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
______ was made up of many villages. (Mauja, Kasba, Pargana)
Answer:
Pargana

Question 2.
The chief of the village was the ______ (Patil, Kulkarni, Mahajan)
Answer:
Patil

Question 3.
The ______ was the chief of Patils in Pargana. (Deshpande, Deshmukh, Kulkarni)
Answer:
Deshmukh

Question 4.
The compositions of _______ are included in the ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ of Sikhs. (Sant Namdeo, Sant Eknath, Sant Tukaram)
Answer:
Sant Namdeo

Question 5.
__________ was the main occupation of people. (Fishing, Pottery, Agriculture)
Answer:
Agriculture

Question 6.
Pune was a big Pargana consisting of ______ villages. (64,290,40)
Answer:
290

Question 7.
‘Amrutanubhav’ was composed by _______ . (Sant Eknath, Sant Namdeo, Sant Dnyaneshwar)
Answer:
Sant Dnyaneshwar

Question 8.
A great famine occured in Maharashtra in ________ CE. (1630,1635,1648)
Answer:
1630

Question 9.
The Mahajan maintained the accounts of the _______. (Kasba, Peth, Mauja)
Answer:
Peth

Question 10.
________ is a precious treasure of the Marathilanguage. (Gatha, Abhanga, Keertans)
Answer:
Gatha

Question 11.
The headquarters of a pargana was called _______. (Peth, Kasba, Mauja)
Answer:
Kasba

Question 12.
Sant Dnyaneshwar’s _______ in Dnyaneshwari uplifts the mind. (Pasayadaan, Gaulana, Gatha)
Answer:
Pasayadaan

Question 13.
________ was at the centre of the Sant movement. (Pandharpur, Dehu, Peth)
Answer:
Pandharpur

Question 14.
________ criticized the hypocrisy and superstition in the society in very strong terms. (Sant Tukaram, Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Eknath)
Answer:
Sant Tukaram

Question 15.
______officers were the link between the people and the government. (Mahajan, Watandar, Kasba)
Answer:
Watandar

Question 16.
A ______ was a big village and the headquarters of the Pargana. (Kasba, Mauja, Peth)
Answer:
Kasba

Question 17.
Chakan Pargana had _______ villages and Shirwal had only ______ villages.
(64, 40, 290)
Answer:
64, 40

Question 18.
Sant _______ composed abhanga, gavalana, bharud, etc. (Eknath, Namdeo, Dnyaneshwar)
Answer:
Eknath

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) The Deshmukh (2) The Deshpande (3) The Kulkarni (4) The Patil	(a)   Maintained peace in the village. (b)     Maintained record of the revenue. (c)   Chief of the Kulkarnis. (d)  Chief of the Patils.

Answer:
1 – d
2 – c
3 – b
4 – a

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Mauja	(a) A big village
(2) Kasba	(b) A small village
(3) Pargana	(c) A market
(4) Peth	(d) Many villages together

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d
4 – c

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Sant Namdeo	(a) He composed the ‘Amrutanubhav’.
(2) Sant Dnyaneshwar	(b) He built a memorial to Sant Chokhamela at Pandharpur.
(3) Sant Eknath	(c) His Gatha is a precious treasure of Marathi language.
(4) Sant Tukaram	(d) He believed that the Marathi language was inferior to no other language.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d
4 – c

Find out and write:

Question 1.
The headquarters of a Pargana –
Answer:
Kasha

Question 2.
Watandars of the Peth –
Answer:
The Shete and the Mahajan

Question 3.
A peth established in the name of Shivaji Maharaj –
Answer:
Shivapur

Question 4.
He was from Jamb in Marathwada –
Answer:
Ramdas Swami

Explain the meanings of:

Question 1.
Abhanga
Answer:
Abhanga is a form of devotional poetry sung in praise of the Hindu God.

Question 2.
Dnyaneshwari
Answer:
Dnyaneshwari is the first book to describe the translation of Bhagavad Gita from Sanskrit to Marathi.

Question 3.
Kasba
Answer:
A Kasba was like a big village. It was usually the headquarters of a Pargana. For e.g. Wai kasba of Wai parganas were the headquarter of those Parganas.

Question 4.
Watandar Officers
Answer:
Watandar officers were the link between the people and the government.

Answer the following question in one sentence:

Question 1.
What work did Sant Dnyaneshwar compose?
Answer:
Sant Dnyaneshwar composed Bhavartha-deepika or Dnyaneshwari and Amrutanubhav.

Question 2.
How were the compositions or abhangas of Sant Tukaram?
Answer:
The compositions or abhangas of Sant Tukaram were very pleasing and lucid thereby reaching the greatest poetic heights.

Question 3.
Who were the disciples of Sant Tukaram?
Answer:
Sant Tukaram’s disciples were of different castes and creeds.

Question 4.
Name a few associates of Sant Tukaram.
Answer:
The associates of Sant Tukaram included Navji Mali, Gavnarshet Wani, Shivba Kasar, Santaji Jagnade, Mahadajipant Kulkami and Bahinabai Siurkar.

Question 5.
What was the duty of the Patil in the village?
Answer:
The duty of the Patil was to settle any disputes and maintain peace.

Question 6.
What was Baluta?
Answer:
The peasants gave a share of their agricultural produce to the artisans for their services to the village community. This share was known as Baluta.

Question 7.
Who were the Deshmukhs and Deshpandes?
Answer:
The Deshmukhs and the Deshpandes were the Watandar officers of the Pargana. The Deshmukh was the chief of Patils and the Deshpande was the chief of Kulkamis in the Pargana.

Question 8.
Who were called ‘Topikar’?
Answer:
The Portuguese, the British, the French and the Dutch who had come from Europe were facing intense rivalry during the period. There was stiff competition amongst them to capture the market for trade. These different people from Europe on the basis of their customary headgear were called ‘Topikar’.

Question 9.
Which European powers had a stiff competition amongst them to capture the markets for trade in Maharashtra?
Answer:
The Portuguese, Dutch, British and the French had a stiff competition amongst them to capture the markets for trade in Maharashtra.

Question 10.
Which social evils greatly influenced society in the times before Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
Blind beliefs and rituals greatly influenced society in the times before Shivaji Maharaj.

Answer the following in brief:

Question 1.
Who were the Watandars and how did they misuse their power?
Answer:
(i) Watandars were the officers. They were the link between the people and the government.
(ii) At the time of invasion from the enemy or drought, they represented the grievance to the government.
(iii) Sometimes, watandars collected more money from the people and did not send it to the government in time.
(iv) So, the people suffered harassment.

Question 2.
Contribution of the Sants:
Answer:
(i) Sants gave the message of equality and taught humanity.
(ii) They preached that people should live together in harmony, unity and love.
(iii) They created self confidence, amongst the people of Maharashtra.
(iv) They taught the true meaning of religion.
(v) They showed the path of devotion by living amongst the people and sharing their joys and sorrow.

Let’s Discuss:

Collect more information about the Pandharpur Vari and discuss the following topic.
Question 1.
In which month do the Varkaris go on the vari?
Answer:
On Ashadhi Ekadashi, that is in the month of July.

Question 2.
How is the vari planned?
Answer:
(i) The whole group is divided into sub group called as Dindi.
(ii) Each Dindi has 100 to 500 members.
(iii) The Palkhi is at the centre of the vari and the Dindi are ahead.
(iv) The time table of vari route is published in advance and followed.
(v) All the details are given before, the locations, breaks including lunch, rest, night stay location etc.
(vi) Every dindi has one truck or vehicle to carry luggage and food material.
(vii) The tents are set up and food is prepared before the dindi arrives at the location.
(viii) The dindi’s even decides the sequences of the Abhang to be sung.
(ix) The Doctors also devote 21 days in the Vari and take care of the members health.
In this way the Vari is well planned in advance.

Question 3.
Plan how you will help a Varkari Dindi
Answer:
(i) Arranging drinking water on the route for the Varkaris.
(ii) I will make a list of the things which needs to be arranged and then make the necessary arrangements accordingly.

Question 4.
A few lines said by the Sants have been given in Marathi in this chapter. Try to find their meaning by taking the help of your teacher, parents, internet, books, etc.
Answer:
(i) Translation: Dance to the time of Keertans. Light the lamps of knowledge in the world.
Meaning: Sant Namdeo asks to spread knowledge in the world through Keertans.

(ii) Translation: Sanskrit language is made by God Then is Prakrit made by thieves?
Meaning: The scriptures were in Sanskrit and only priests could read scriptures in Pre-Shivaji’s times. Sant Eknath said that all languages were languages of God.

(iii) Translation: The one who calls the tormented and unhappy people as their own, Only he is a true saint. There is God only there.
Meaning: Sant Tukaram says that a true saint calls the weak and tormented people as their own. And God resides only at such places.

(iv) Translation: Gather wealth by ideal actions, spend it seriously
Meaning: Sant Tukaram says that a person should not earn by wrong methods and should not spend wealth carelessly.

(v) Translation: Tukaram says only he is a saint who shares sorrows of the world.
Meaning: Sant Tukaram says that only a person who reduces the sorrow from this world is a true saint.

(vi) Translation: Onions, raddish, vegetables, There resides my God.
Meaning: Sant Sawata says in these lines that God resides in all things in life including farm work.

(vii) Translation: Gather all the Marathas, Propagate Maharashtra religion.
Meaning: Ramdas Swami asks the Maratha people to be united and spread their culture.