Bhagya – Page 11 – Maharashtra Board Solutions

India during the Maurya Period Question Answer Class 6 History Chapter 7 Maharashtra Board

February 11, 2025February 10, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 7 India during the Maurya Period Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 6 History Chapter 7 Question Answer India during the Maurya Period Maharashtra Board

Class 6 History Chapter 7 India during the Maurya Period Question Answer Maharashtra Board

India during the Maurya Period Class 6 Questions And Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Why did the satraps begin to fight among themselves?
Answer:
After Alexander’s death, a struggle for power began among the satraps that he had appointed.

Question 2.
Who did Ashoka send to Sri Lanka for the spread of Buddhism?
Answer:
Ashoka sent his own son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka for the spread of Buddhism.

Question 3.
What were the occupations of the people during the Mauryan period?
Answer:
During the Mauryan period, there were many occupations like carving and engraving on ivory, weaving and dyeing cloth and metal work. Black, glazed pottery was produced. Ship building and technology of making articles of iron had also developed.

Question 4.
Which animal engravings are found on the pillars erected by Emperor Ashoka?
Answer:
Excellent carvings of animals like the lion, elephant, bull are found on the pillars erected by Ashoka.

2. Can you explain ?

Question 1.
Satrap
Answer:
When Alexander was forced to return back to Greece, he appointed Greek officers to administer the conquered territories. They were called satraps.

Question 2.
Sudarshan
Answer:
Emperor Chandragupta Maurya built a dam called ‘Sudarshan’ near Junagadh in Gujarat state.

Question 3.
‘Devanampiyo Piyadasi’
Answer:
The name given to Emperor Ashoka which means beloved of the Gods and he who looks on with affection.

Question 4.
Ashtapad
Answer:
The game of chess was called Ashtapad.

3. Recall and describe:

Question 1.
The extent of Chandragupta Maurya’s empire.
Answer:

Chandragupta Maurya defeated the Nanda dynasty and established his rule in Magadha.
He won Avanti and Saurashtra and began to extend the boundaries of his empire.
On defeating Seleucus Nicator he included the north west region of Kabul, Kandahar and Herat in the Mauryan Empire.

Question 2.
The extent of Ashoka’s empire.
Answer:
Ashoka’s empire extended from Afghanistan in the northwest and Nepal in the north to Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in the south, and from Bengal in the east to Saurashtra in the west.

4. Match the following:

Question 1.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Emperor Alexander	(a) Ambassador of Seleucus Nicator
(2) Megasthenes	(b) Emperor of Greece
(3) Emperor Ashoka	(c) Emperor of Rome
	(d) Emperor of Magadha

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d

5. What is your opinion?

Question 1.
Alexander had to turn back.
Answer:

During the Indian invasion, Alexander’s army had to suffer severe hardships.
The army was also away from home for a very long time so the soldiers were eager to go back.
Therefore, they rebelled, against Alexander and he was forced to go back to Greece.

Question 2.
Coins of Greek kings were characteristic.
Answer:

The Greek kings minted characteristic coins.
On one side, the coin had a picture of the king who had minted the coin and on the other side, a picture of a Greek God.
The name of the king was also written on the coin.
Alexander’s coins were of the same type.

Question 3.
Emperor Ashoka decided never to wage war again.
Answer:

Emperor Ashoka decided never to wage war again when he witnessed the bloodshed and devastation caused by Kalinga war.
Emperor Ashoka had a change of heart and embraced Buddhism.

6. Describe in your own words:

Question 1.
Public welfare works of Emperor Ashoka
Answer:

Emperor Ashoka laid stress on the creation of facilities for the welfare of the people.
He made provision for free medicines and medical treatment for people as well as for animals.
He built many roads.
He dug wells and built dharmashalas.

Question 2.
Means of entertainment and sport of the Mauryan period.
Answer:

Different festivals and functions were celebrated in villages and towns.
Dance and music concerts were a part of entertainment.
Wrestling bouts and chariot races were popular.
Board games and chess called Ashtapad was also popular.

Activity:

Find out about the public welfare activities carried out by the people’s representatives in your area and write in detail about them.
Read more about the life of Emperor Ashoka and make a presentation based on it in the form of a play.

Class 6 History Chapter 7 India during the Maurya Period Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
Alexander, the Greek emperor, invaded ______ northwestern frontier in 326 BCE.
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Nepal
Answer:
(b) India

Question 2.
Emperor Alexander appointed Greek officers to _______ the conquered territories.
(a) teach
(b) develop
(c) administer
Answer:
(c) administer

Question 3.
Alexander died on his way back to Greece in 323 BCE at ______ .
(a) Babylon
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Nepal
Answer:
(a) Babylon

Question 4.
Alexander’s campaign led to an _______ in trade between India and the western world.
(a) decrease
(b) standstill
(c) increase
Answer:
(c) increase

Question 5.
The _______ who accompanied Alexander introduced India to the western world through their writings.
(a) historians
(b) physicians
(c) musicians
Answer:
(a) historians

Question 6.
Greek _________ sculpture Indian art.
(a) dominated
(b) influenced
(c) crippled
Answer:
(b) influenced

Question 7.
Indian kings started _________ similar coins like the Greeks.
(a) printing
(b) sculpting
(c) minting
Answer:
(c) minting

Question 8.
Chandragupta Maurya founded the __________ Empire.
(a) Gupta
(b) Nanda
(c) Maurya
Answer:
(c) Maurya

Question 9.
After Alexander’s death, a struggle for power began among the _____ he had appointed.
(a) satraps
(b) ministers
(c) ambassadors
Answer:
(a) satraps

Question 10.
Seleucus Nicator was Alexander’s _______.
(a) satrap
(b) general
(c) ambassador
Answer:
(b) general

Question 11.
________ became the king of Babylon after Alexander’s death.
(a) Megasthenes
(b) Chandragupta
(c) Seleucus Nicator
Answer:
(c) Seleucus Nicator

Question 12.
________ , Seleucus Nicator’s ambassador stayed back at Chandragupta Maurya’s court.
(a) Megasthenes
(b) Alexander
(c) Ashoka
Answer:
(a) Megasthenes

Question 13.
Megasthene’s book _______ is an important source for the study of India during the Mauryan period.
(a) Maruti
(b) Indica
(c) Honda
Answer:
(b) Indica

Question 14.
Chandragupta was succeeded by his son ______.
(a) Ashoka
(b) Bindusara
(c) Shishunag
Answer:
(b) Bindusara

Question 15.
After Bindusara’s death, his son _______ succeeded to the throne in 273 BCE.
(a) Ashoka
(b) Chandragupta
(c) Samudragupta
Answer:
(a) Ashoka

Question 16.
Emperor Ashoka _______ Kalinga.
(a) dominated
(b) destroyed
(c) conquered
Answer:
(c) conquered

Question 17.
Ashoka was deeply moved by the, ________ of the Kalinga war.
(a) bloodshed
(b) strength
(c) bravery
Answer:
(a) bloodshed

Question 18.
Ashoka had embraced ________.
(a) Christianity
(b) Buddhism
(c) Islam
Answer:
(b) Buddhism

Question 19.
Ashoka sent his own son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to ______ for the spread of Buddhism.
(a) Nepal
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) China
Answer:
(b) Sri Lanka

Question 20.
Ashoka also _________ many stupas and viharas.
(a) built
(b) painted
(c) destroyed
Answer:
(a) built

Question 21.
Ashoka made provisions for free medicines and medical treatment for people as well as for the _______.
(a) travellers
(b) citizens
(c) animals
Answer:
(c) animals

Question 22.
Ashoka dug wells and built _______.
(a) stupas
(b) caves
(c) dharmashalas
Answer:
(c) dharmashalas

Question 23.
There was a Council of Ministers which advised the king in matters of _______.
(a) administration
(b) war
(c) weather
Answer:
(a) administration

Question 24.
During the Maurya period, _______ production had great importance.
(a) agricultural
(b) machine
(c) glassware
Answer:
(a) agricultural

Question 25.
Dance and music concerts were part of ______.
(a) night life
(b) entertainment
(c) competition
Answer:
(b) entertainment

Question 26.
Chess was called ______.
(a) Ashtapad
(b) Chakra
(c) Satraps
Answer:
(a) Ashtapad

Question 27.
The pillars erected by Ashoka are excellent ________ of the Indian sculpture.
(a) statues
(b) showpiece
(c) specimens
Answer:
(c) specimens

Question 28.
The chakra or wheel on the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has a place of _______ on the Indian national flag.
(a) honour
(b) show
(c) visibility
Answer:
(a) honour

Question 29.
After the decline of Emperor Ashoka, the Mauryan empire began to ______.
(a) expand
(b) decline
(c) incline
Answer:
(b) decline

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Chandragupta Maurya (2) Seleucus Nicator	(a) Conquered Kalinga (b Pataliputra
(3) Emperor Ashoka	(c) Founded the Mauryan empire
(4) Capital of Maurya empire	(d) Honoured on the Indian national flag
(5) Chakra on Ashoka pillar at Samath	(e) Alexander’s Army General

Answer:
1 – c
2 – e
3 – a
4 – b
5 – d

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Who were satraps?
Answer:
As Alexander was forced to return back to Greece, he appointed Greek officers called satraps to administer the conquered territories.

Question 2.
When and where did Emperor Alexander die?
Answer:
Alexander died on the way back to Greece in 323 BCE at Babylon.

Question 3.
What gave rise to the Gandhara school of art?
Answer:
Greek sculpture influenced Indian art, giving rise to Gandhara school of art.

Question 4.
Who founded the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire.

Question 5.
Who was Seleucus Nicator?
Answer:
Seleucus Nicator was Alexander’s general.

Question 6.
Who stayed back at Chandragupta’s court?
Answer:
Megasthenes, Seleucus Nicator’s ambassador stayed back at Chandragupta’s court.

Question 7.
Which book did Megasthenes write?
Answer:
Megasthenes wrote the book ‘Indica’ which is an important source for the study of India during the Mauryan period.

Question 8.
Who succeeded Chandragupta?
Answer:
After Chandragupta renounced the throne, he was succeeded by his son Bindusara.

Question 9.
Who succeeded Bindusara?
Answer:
After Bindusara’s death, his son Ashoka succeeded the throne in 237 BCE.

Question 10.
Which religion did Ashoka embrace?
Answer:
Ashoka embraced Buddhism.

Question 11.
Which was the capital of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
Pataliputra was the capital of the Maurya empire.

Question 12.
When did the Mauryan Empire decline?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire declined after the death of Emperor Ashoka.

Question 13.
Which was the largest empire in ancient India?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire was the largest empire in ancient India.

Question 14.
What is the significance of Ashoka pillar at Sarnath?
Answer:
The chakra or wheel on the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has a place of honour on the Indian national flag.

Answer in short:
Question 1.
How did Alexander invade India?
Answer:

Alexander invaded India’s northwestern frontier.
Crossing the Indus river he reached Takshashila.
On the way he met forceful opposition from the local kings. He defeated them all and successfully reached Punjab.

Question 2.
How was Alexander’s campaign advantageous to India?
Answer:
Alexander’s campaign led to an increase in the trade between India and the western world. The historians who accompanied Alexander introduced India to the western world through their writings.

Question 3.
Describe the Sarnath pillar.
Answer:

The chakra or wheel on the Sarnath pillar has a place of honour on the Indian national flag.
The pillar has lions on all four sides but only three are visible from the front.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Ashoka had pillar edicts and stone inscription engraved throughout his kingdom.
Answer:

Ashoka came to believe that truth, non¬violence, compassion and forgiveness were the important values.
He wanted to spread these teachings among the common people.
He, therefore, had pillar edicts and stone inscripitions engraved throughout his kingdom.

Describe the following:

Question 1.
Art and literature during the period of Emperor Ashoka.
Answer:
During the period of Emperor Ashoka, the art of rock cut sculpture was promoted. The pillars erected by Ashoka are excellent specimens of Indian sculpture. There are excellent carvings of animals like the lion, elephant, bull on these pillars. The chakra or wheel on the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has a place of honour on the Indian national flag.

6th Std History Questions And Answers:

Janapadas and Mahajanapadas Question Answer Class 6 History Chapter 6 Maharashtra Board

February 11, 2025February 10, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 6 Janapadas and Mahajanapadas Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Std 6 History Chapter 6 Question Answer Janapadas and Mahajanapadas Maharashtra Board

Class 6 History Chapter 6 Janapadas and Mahajanapadas Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Janapadas and Mahajanapadas Class 6 Questions And Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Janapadas And Mahajanapadas Class 6 Questions And Answers Question 1.
What is meant by janapada?
Answer:
Small city states came to be known as janapadas.

Janapadas And Mahajanapadas Class 6 Answers Question 2.
What is meant by mahajanapada?
Answer:
Some janapadas gradually became stronger and expanded their geographical bounderies, such janapadas came to be known as Mahajanapadas.

Janapadas And Mahajanapadas Class 6 Question 3.
Where was the first Buddhist council held?
Answer:
The first Buddhist council or sangiti was held at Rajgriha.

Janapadas Class 6 Question 4.
Who introduced the system of standard weights and measures?
Answer:
The Nandas introduced the system of standard weights and measures.

2. Can you name the following?

Janapadas And Mahajanapadas Class 6 Pdf Question 1.
Some part of today’s Maharashtra was occupied by this janapada.
Answer:
Ashamak

Question 2.
This was an assembly of the senior citizens of a janapada
Answer:
Gana-parishad

Question 3.
This was the venue of discussion.
Answer:
Santhagar

Question 4.
Gautam Buddha belonged to this janapada.
Answer:
Shakya Republic

Question 5.
They had a four-column army.
Answer:
The Nanda Kings

3. Match the following:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Sangiti (2) Dhanananda (3) Pataligram	(a) Ajatshatru (b) Parishad (c) Mahagovind (d) Nanda king

Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – a

4. Make a table showing the various kingdoms in the Indian sub-continent and their capitals.
Answer:

Kingdoms in the Indian sub-continent	Capitals
Kosala	Shravasti
Vatsa	Kosam, Kaushambi
Avanti	Ujjain
Magadha	Rajgriha
Kashi	Varanasi
Vrijji	Vaishali
Malla	Kushinagar and Pavapur
Kuru	Hastinapur
Panchal	Ahichhatra and Kampilya
Surasen	Mathura
Anga	Champanagri
Assaka	Paudanya
Chedi	Shuktimati
Matsya	Viratnagar

Activity:

Visit a nearby fort and find out the following:

Type of the fort
In whose reign it was built
The Killedar………..
The main feature.

Find out the different arms and services of the Indian Army.

Complete the following table:

S.no	Name of the mahajanapada	Location	Capital	Name of the most important king
(1)		At the foot of the Himalayas.
(2)	Vatsa
(3)				Pradyot
(4)		Region around the cities of Patna, Gaya.

Class 6 History Chapter 6 Janapadas and Mahajanapadas InText Questions and Answers

Activity:

Question 1.
Find out the different arms and services of the Indian Army.
Answer:
Combat Arms :

Infantry
Armoured Corps
Regiment of Artillery

Supporting Arms :

Army Aviation Corps
Corps of Engineers
Corps of Signals
Mechanized Infantry
Army Air Defence

Services :

Army Education Corps
Army Medical Corps
Army Ordinance Corps
Army Postal Service Corps
Army Service Corps
Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers
Corps of Military Police
Judge Advocate Generals Department
Army Dental Corps
Remount and Veterinary Corps
Other Services

Question 2.
Complete the following table:

S.no	Name of the mahajanapada	Location	Capital	Name of the most important king
(1)		At the foot of the Himalayas.
(2)	Vatsa
(3)				Pradyot
(4)		Region around the cities of Patna, Gaya.

Answer:

S.no	Name of the mahajanapada	Location	Capital	Name of the most important king
(1)	The Kosala Mahajanapada	At the foot of the Himalayas.	Shravati	King Prasenjit
(2)	Vatsa	The region around Prayag that is Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.	Kosam	King Udayana
(3)	Avanti	Malwa region of Madya Pradesh.	Ujjayani	Pradyot
(4)	Magadha	Region around the cities of Patna, Gaya.	Rajgriha	King Bimbisara

Class 6 History Chapter 6 Janapadas and Mahajanapadas Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
The period from about 1000 BCE to 600 BCE is considered to be the ______ period.
(a) medieval
(b) Vedic
(c) post-Vedic
Answer:
(c) post-Vedic

Question 2.
The ______ came into existence in the post-Vedic period.
(a) janapadas
(b) mahajanapads
(c) angas
Answer:
(a) janapadas

Question 3.
The janapada called Ashmak occupied a part of today’s _______.
(a) Karnataka
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Bihar
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra

Question 4.
Some of the janapadas were monarchies, while others were ________.
(a) republics
(b) independent
(c) dependent
Answer:
(a) republics

Question 5.
Every janapada had its own ______.
(a) library
(b) palace
(c) coinage
Answer:
(c) coinage

Question 6.
Some janapadas gradually became stronger and ______ their geographical boundaries.
(a) contracted
(b) expanded
(c) built
Answer:
(b) expanded

Question 7.
By sixth century BCE, _______ Mahajanapadas acquired special importance.
(a) fifteen
(b) sixteen
(c) seventeen
Answer:
(b) sixteen

Question 8.
Ajatshatru was the son of _______.
(a) Chandragupta
(b) Shishunag
(c) Bimbisara
Answer:
(c) Bimbisara

Question 9.
The kingdom of Magadha prospered during the reign of ______.
(a) Ajatshatru
(b) Bimbisara
(c) Chandragupta
Answer:
(a) Ajatshatru

Question 10.
Ajatashatru became the ______ of Gautam Buddha.
(a) leader
(b) follower
(c) descendant
Answer:
(b) follower

Question 11.
The first Buddhist Council or sangiti was held at ______.
(a) Rajgriha
(b) Ashmak
(c) Panchal
Answer:
(a) Rajgriha

Question 12.
The foundation for the new _______ Pataligram of Magadha was laid during Ajatshatru’s period.
(a) city
(b) palace
(c) capital
Answer:
(c) capital

Question 13.
_______ was probably in the vicinity of today’s Patna city.
(a) Pataliputra
(b) Vatra
(c) Avanti
Answer:
(a) Pataliputra

Question 14.
A noteworthy successor of Ajatshatru was the Magadha king _______.
(a) Dhananand
(b) Chandragupta
(c) Shishunag
Answer:
(c) Shishunag

Question 15.
Nearly the entire region of northern India came under the ______ of Magadha.
(a) control
(b) influence
(c) subjection
Answer:
(a) control

Question 16.
The _____ ruled the Magadha Empire between 364 BCE and 324 BCE.
(a) Guptas
(b) Nandas
(c) Mauryas
Answer:
(b) Nandas

Question 17.
The Nandas set up a good ________ system necessary to run the huge empire.
(a) political
(b) financial
(c) administrative
Answer:
(c) administrative

Question 18.
The Nandas also ________ the system of standard weights and measures.
(a) introduced
(b) exploited
(c) destroyed
Answer:
(a) introduced

Question 19.
King _______ was the last king of the Nanda dynasty.
(a) Nanda
(b) Dhanananda
(c) Bimbisara
Answer:
(b) Dhanananda

Question 20.
Chandragupta Maurya won ______ and ended the Nanda regime.
(a) Pataliputra
(b) Kashi
(c) Ashmak
Answer:
(a) Pataliputra

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
Which period is considered to be the post- Vedic period?
Answer:
The period from about 1000 BC to 600 BC is considered to be the post-Vedic period.

Question 2.
When did the janapadas come into existance?
Answer:
The janapadas came into existence during the post-Vedic period.

Question 3.
Around which region did the janapadas spread?
Answer:
The janapadas spread from today’s Afghanistan which is to the north west of the Indian subcontinent to Bengal and Odisha in the east and to Maharashtra in the south.

Question 4.
Which janapada occupied a part of today’s Maharashtra?
Answer:
The janapada called ‘Ashmak’ occupied a part of today’s Maharashtra.

Question 5.
What is the organisation of senior citizens called?
Answer:
The organization of senior citizens is called gana-parishad.

Question 6.
What was the work of the gana-parishad?
Answer:
The members of the gana-parishad came together for discussion and made decisions regarding administrative issues.

Question 7.
What was the place where the gana-parishad met called?
Answer:
The place where the gana-parishad met and took decisions was known as the ‘Santhagar’.

Question 8.
From which Republican state did Gautam Buddha hail?
Answer:
Gautam Buddha hailed from the Shakya Republic.

Question 9.
How many mahajanapadas had acquired special importance in the sixth century BCE?
Answer:
Upto the sixth century BCE, sixteen mahajanapadas had acquired special importance.

Question 10.
Name some powerful mahajanapada.
Answer:
Some of the powerful mahajanapadas were Kosala, Vatsa, Avanti and Magadha.

Question 11.
Who was Bimbisara’s son?
Answer:
Bimbisara’s son was Ajatshatru.

Question 12.
Whose ardent follower did Ajatshatru become?
Answer:
Ajatshatru became the follower of Gautam Buddha.

Question 13.
When was the foundation for the new capital Pataligram laid?
Answer:
The foundation for the new capital Pataligram of Magadha was laid during Ajatshatru’s period.

Question 14.
Which ancient city was in the vicinity of today’s city of Patna?
Answer:
The ancient city Pataliputra was in the vicinity of today’s city of Patna.

Question 15.
Who was the successor of Ajatshatru?
Answer:
A noteworthy successor of Ajatshatru was the Magadha King Shishunag.

Question 16.
Which kingdoms did King Shishunag annex?
Answer:
King Shishunag annexed the kingdoms of Avanti, Kosala, and Vatsa to Magadha.

Question 17.
State the period of Nanda rule.
Answer:
The Nandas ruled the Magadha Empire between 364 BCE and 324 BCE.

Question 18.
Describe the army of the Nanda Kings.
Answer:
The Nanda Kings had a huge four column army of infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants.

Question 19.
Who was the last king of the Nanda dynasty?
Answer:
King Dhananand was the last king of the Nanda dynasty.

Question 20.
How did the Nanda dynasty decline?
Answer:
During Dhananand’s reign, an ambitious youth Chandragupta Maurya won Pataliputra and brought about an end to the Nanda regime.

6th Std History Questions And Answers:

Development Administration Question Answer Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8 Maharashtra Board

February 11, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 8 Development Administration Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 Political Science Chapter 8 Question Answer Development Administration Maharashtra Board

Class 11 Political Science Chapter 1 Development Administration Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Political Science Class 11 Chapter 8 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1. State the appropriate concept for the given statement.

Question 1.
State that promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens.
Answer:
Welfare State

Question 2.
Unnecessary delays in administrative work are called.
Answer:
Red Tape

2. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 8 Development Administration 2 Q1
Answer:

3. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
Change and growth-oriented approaches are called Development Administration.
Answer:
This statement is True.

Development is a complex term that means improvement, growth, or progress. When public administration studies ‘government in action for development’ it becomes development administration.
According to Edward Weidner, “The process of guiding an organization towards the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives that are authoritatively determined in one manner or the other” is development administration.

Question 2.
In post-independent India, the government deliberately invested in the public sector.
Answer:
This statement is True.

Post-independence India was reeling from the effects of colonial exploitation in the form of poverty and underemployment.
It needed to modernize the economy towards self-reliance. To establish a welfare state and bring about a socialist pattern of the economy, more emphasis was given to the public sector.

Question 3.
The 73rd amendment act gave constitutional status to municipalities.
Answer:
This statement is False.

73rd Amendment Act (1992) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and is considered a landmark in grassroots democracy in India.
74th Amendment Act (1992) gave constitutional status to municipalities (urban areas).

4. Explain the co-relation between the following.

Question 1.
Planning Commission and NITI Aayog (Traditional public administration and development administration).
Answer:
Development is a complex term that means improvement, growth, or progress. When public administration studies ‘government in action for development’ it becomes development administration. According to Edward Weidner,” development administration is “the process of guiding an organisation toward the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives that are authoritatively determined in one manner or the other”.

An approach to have innovative planning towards growth is called development administration. The need for this was felt due to limitations in the traditional approach to public administration, which covered areas such as

Organization of the government machinery
management of different tasks like leadership, planning, etc
personnel administration i.e., recruitment, training of personnel
financial administration e.g., budget, audit, etc
administrative law e.g., tribunals for dispute resolution.

The new approach to public administration and public policy focuses on socio-economic development, political modernization, and adaptation of new technologies in administration.

Development administration has two important aspects viz.

Administration of development – setting development goals and achieving them through the medium of administration.
Development of administration – the existing system has to be improved so as the achieve the goals.

5. Answer the following.

Question 1.
Discuss any 4 areas of study in traditional public administration.
Answer:
The main areas of study in traditional public administration include:

Organization of government machinery.
Management of different tasks like leadership, planning, etc.
Personnel administration i.e., recruitment, training of personnel.
Financial administration e.g., budget, audit, etc.
Administrative law e.g., tribunals for dispute resolution.

Question 2.
Write in brief about NITI Aayog.
Answer:
NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India). After Independence, the Planning Commission was the apex planning body. India adopted Five Year Plans which identified short-term and long-term goals of development in areas such as agriculture, irrigation, industrialization, infrastructure, social security, etc. In 1991, the New Economic Policy focused on economic liberalization.

The Planning Commission has now been replaced by the NITI Aayog (established on 1st January 2015). The Prime Minister is the ex-officio chairman of NITI Aayog. Since India has moved from centralized planning to decentralized planning, this body proposes grassroots level planning from village and district levels to be harmonized with state-level planning and finally with national planning.

NITI Aayog has Governing Council comprising the Chief Ministers of all 29 states and of Delhi and Puducherry and Lt. Governors of Union Territories. As of 2019 Vice-Chairman is Rajiv Kumar and CEO is Amitabh Kant.

6. Express your opinion of the following.

Question 1.
Citizen participation is necessary in development administration.
Answer:
According to Edward Weidner, development administration is “The process of guiding an organisation toward the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives that are authoritatively determined in one manner or the other”.

An approach to have innovative planning towards growth is called Development Administration. The need for this was felt due to limitations in the traditional approach to public administration.

The new approach to public administration and public policy focuses on socio-economic development, political modernization, and adaptation of new technologies in administration.

Development Administration has two important aspects viz.

Administration of development – setting development goals and achieving them through the medium of administration.
Development of administration – the existing system has to be improved so as the achieve the goals.
Citizen participation – Development being a process of social and economic change, it is important that people participate actively in it.

If the process of development is cut off from the grassroots then it eventually fails to materialize the objectives it has set. This necessitates peoples’ participation in the process of planning, implementation, and eventual evaluation.

In a diverse society like India people’s participation is necessary. In India, the needs, requirements, and choices of people may vary vastly according to region. The Indian government had introduced a Community Development Programme in 1952 followed by National Extension Service in 1953. The focus was to promote development in the rural and remote areas. The experience of these programmes helped the government to focus on rural India. The purpose of the participation of the rural and urban citizens was sought through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts.

11th Std Political Science Questions And Answers:

Swarajya to Empire (Maratha Period) Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 16 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 16 Swarajya to Empire (Maratha Period) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 16 Question Answer Swarajya to Empire (Maratha Period) Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 16 Swarajya to Empire (Maratha Period) Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 16 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete sentences.

Question 1.
___________ is known as the Father of Indian Navy.
(a) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(b) Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj
(c) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj
(d) Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj
Answer:
(a) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

Question 2.
The Pathans from Afghanistan had settled in ___________ the province at the foothills of the Himalayas.
(a) Varanasi
(b) Mathura
(c) Ayodhya
(d) Delhi
Answer:
(c) Ayodhya

Question 3.
Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj wrote the Sanskrit text ___________
(a) Nayikabhed
(b) Budhabhushan
(c) Nakhshikh
(d) Satasattka
Answer:
(b) Budhabhushan

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Naik-Nimbalkar Wada	Vathar
(b) Nana Phadanvis Wada	Menavali
(c) Kalaram Temple	Jejuri
(d) Mohiniraj Temple	Nevase

Answer:
(c) Kalaram Temple – Nashik

1C. Write the names.

Question 1.
He was the Chief of the intelligence network of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj
Answer:
Bahirji Naik

Question 2.
He assisted in the provincial affairs
Answer:
Subhedars/Deshadhikari

Question 3.
Leader of the Rohillas
Answer:
Najib Khan

2. Complete the concept map.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 16 Swarajya to Empire (Maratha Period) 2 Q1
Answer:

3. Explain the statement with reasons.

Question 1.
Shahajiraje is known as the visionary of Swarajya.
Answer:

Shahajiraje Bhosale was a prominent Sardar in the Nizamshahi kingdom. After the end of Nizamshahi’s rule, he accepted the rank of a Mansabdar in the Adilshahi court.
Shahajiraje was valiant, courageous, wise, and well-versed in the science of statehood.
He had successfully handled many Adilshahi expeditions in Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
The provinces of Pune, Supe, Shirwal, Indapur, and Chakan were given to Shahajiraje as Jahangir.
He personally aspired to establish Swarajya. He is regarded as the visionary of Swarajya.
The concept of Swarajya was visualized by Shahajiraje and it was turned into reality by Chh. Shivaji Maharaj.
Chh. Shivaji Maharaj laid the foundation of Swarajya from the Mawal region. Several factors like the topography of Maharashtra, valour of the local Mawalas, the administrative and military experience gained by the Maratha sardars while working with Nizamshahi, and Adilshahi and above all these the able leadership of Chh. Shivaji Maharaj could make it possible.

Question 2.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj built the naval force.
Answer:

In the year 1657 C.E., after conquering Kalyan and Bhiwandi, the boundaries of Swarajya extended up to the coastline.
The British and the French were involved in the Salt trade. Chh. Shivaji Maharaj wanted to establish control over the sea waters.
Chh. Shivaji Maharaj was the only king in medieval India who attempted to build a navy.
He realized to check the activities of foreign traders so having a Navy was important.
It was necessary for his military strategy also. During the second sack of Surat, Chh. Shivaji Maharaj brought those ships to the coast of Surat and loaded the huge booty on them acquired from Surat.
It is apparent that Chh. Shivaji Maharaj wanted to establish complete control over the land as well as on the sea.

Question 3.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj charged heavy duty on the salt imported from the Portuguese territory.
Answer:

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was keen on protecting the local industries.
He protected the salt industry in Konkan. At that time, traders imported salt from the Portuguese territory and sold it in Swarajya.
That affected the local trade in the Konkan areas.
Chh. Shivaji Maharaj charged heavy duty on the salt imported into Swarajya from the Portuguese territory.
The intention was that the salt imported from the Portuguese territory would then cost more and as a result, its import would be discouraged and the sale of the local salt would increase.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Maratha Art:
Answer:

Developments of Maratha miniature paintings can be seen through illustrations on the manuscripts such as pothis, pattachitra, and patrikas. For example, the wooden stands of pothis have pictures of Ganapati, Riddhi-Siddhi, Gopalkrishna in dark red, green, and yellow colours.
Miniature paintings include human portraits and themes like ragamalas, talamala, processions, etc.
Murals are found on the fagade of the Wadas, as well on the walls of reception areas (Diwankhana) and bedrooms.
The 18th-century murals have survived till today at places like Naik-Nimbalkar Wada at Vathar, Rangamahal at Chandwad, Mayureshwar Mandir at Morgaon, Shiva Temple of Pandeshwar, and Matha at Benawadi.
The main theme of murals is mythological stories. They include scenes from Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas.
The subjects of contemporary social life were also reflected in the paintings. The royal court, royal meetings, processions were also included in them.

Question 2.
Maratha Architecture:
Answer:

Chh. Shivaji Maharaj built forts, the tradition of which was prevalent in the Deccan for three centuries.
The Kasaba temple in Pune and Vitthal temple in Vitthalwadi were reconstructed by Veermata Jijabai.
During the Peshwa period, the Maratha kingdom regained its prosperity and all forms of art and architecture received patronage.
The construction of temples began on a large scale during the later Peshwa.
Period. These temples are of three types. Examples of temple architecture of this period are found at Saswad, Mahuli, Jejuri, etc.
These are huge in size. The plan of these temples is in star design, the foundation of the temple was multi-layered and was named accordingly.
The shikhara is made in bricks and stucco method.
The Kalaram, Goraram, and Sundarnarayan temples at Nasik and Mahadev temple at Trimbakeshwar, Mohiniraj temple at Nevasa is similar to the temples in Malwa and Rajasthan.
These temples are constructed in stone. These temples are embellished extensively with sculptures.
The third type of temple can be found at Pune, Satara, Wai, etc.
It included arches, a wooden hall, and a sanctum sanctorum(gabhara). The Shikhara slopes inwards at the top.
The stone ‘Deepamala’ is a remarkable feature of these temples. The stone deepamalas at Jejuri were built by Shahajiraje.
The Chhatris (Samadhis) at various places are noteworthy.

Activity

Collect information about capable women in the medieval period and present it in class. Arrange a discussion on it.
Answer:

In Indian history, we find only a few women actively participating in public affairs.
In the Muslim period, Razia Sultan was the only woman who conducted the affairs of the government for a short time.
And in later times, Rani of Jhansi rose into prominence during the revolt of 1857.
During the Maratha period, there were women like Jijabai and Maharani Tarabai who performed public duties in the absence of their husbands.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

India During Mughal Period Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 15 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 15 India During Mughal Period Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 15 Question Answer India During Mughal Period Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 15 India During Mughal Period Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 15 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
Mughal Emperor Babur was born in ___________
(a) Baluchistan
(b) Kazakhstan
(c) Uzbekistan
(d) Afghanistan
Answer:
(c) Uzbekistan

Question 2.
Mughal Emperor Humayun was defeated by ___________
(a) Ibrahim Lodi
(b) Shershah Sur
(c) Babur
(d) Akbar
Answer:
(b) Shershah Sur

Question 3.
Akbarnama was written by ___________
(a) Mohammad Qasim
(b) Abul Fazl
(c) Mirza Hyder
(d) Badauni
Answer:
(b) Abul Fazl

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(1) Khafi Khan	Akbarnama
(2) Malik Muhammad Jayasi	Padmavat
(3) Sant Kabir	Doha
(4) Mirza Hyder	Tarikh-i-Rashidi

Answer:
(1) Khafi Khan – Tarikh-i-Khafikhan

1C. Write the names.

Question 1.
He defeated Ibrahim Lodi.
Answer:
Babur

Question 2.
She successfully resisted the attack of Akbar and saved the Nizamshahi kingdom.
Answer:
Chand bibi

2. Explain the statements with reasons.

Question 1.
The Rajput rulers united against Babur.
Answer:

The grand army of Ibrahim Lodi could not survive in front of Babur in the battle of Panipat.
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi on the strength of configuration skills, strong artillery, a system of secret intelligence, and strong leadership. This was a direct threat to the Rajputs in Rajasthan.
Rajputs were brave warriors and proud advocates of their religion.
Babur established his rule in Delhi.
The Rajput kings came together under the leadership of Mewar King Rana Sangha to counter him.
Babur defeated the Rajputs in the Battle of Khanwa.

Question 2.
Shershah Sur was well-known for his ideal administration.
Answer:

Humayun was deprived of the kingdom due to the defeat at the hands of Shershah Sur of Bihar.
Shershah Sur made some reforms in the administrative setup. He also made changes in the land revenue system.
He erected the hierarchical setup of administrative units and officers.
He brought together the Afghan sardars scattered in North India and established Afghan rule.
The descendants of Shershah were not efficient. Thus, his power declined.

Question 3.
Emperor Akbar strengthened the foundation of his rule in India.
Answer:

After Humayun, his son Akbar ascended the throne.
He proved to be the greatest Mughal Emperor because of his qualities such as high intelligence, tolerance, firmness, and courage.
The kingdom established by Babur was transformed into a great empire by Akbar.
He established his rule from Kabul to Bengal and Kashmir to Varhad-Khandesh.
He entered into political matrimonial relations with the Rajputs in order to strengthen his kingdom.
He erected an efficient administrative setup.

Question 4.
Mughal art declined during the period of Aurangzeb.
Answer:

During the period of Aurangzeb, the royal patronage of the art of painting was withdrawn.
Aurangzeb was a fanatic ruler. Under Aurangzeb’s rule, art declined, since he had banned all art forms.
The artists were forced to seek patronage elsewhere under various rulers in Rajasthan, Bundelkhand, Gujarat, and the provinces of the Himalayan ranges.
New local styles of paintings emerged there.

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Mughal Art
Answer:

The reign of the three emperors, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shahjahan was a period of peace, order, and prosperity. Arts flourish when there is stability.
A new era began in the field of art and architecture.
The etched designs on the marble walls of mosques, tombs, and palaces are evidence of the highly advanced styles of art and architecture.
The influence of the Persian style of architecture was more prominent till Akbar’s period.
In the later period, it evolved by absorbing Indian elements, which came to be known as the Indo-Islamic style of architecture.
During the period of Akbar and Jahangir, the art of ivory carving received royal patronage.
The Mughal paintings originated from the Persian styles of painting.
There are miniature paintings of Persian style in the manuscript of ‘Baburnama’. The art of painting received encouragement during the period of Akbar. He appointed skilled painters in his court.
During the period of Jahangir, paintings were done based on the court and hunting scenes. The paintings of this period were done in a more realistic style, which is vibrant and attractive. These paintings, portray birds and animals, cloud formations, human figures, and natural scenery.
During the Mughal period, the art of music seems to have received royal patronage.

Question 2.
Mughal Literature
Answer:

During the Mughal period, excellent literature was created in the Persian language.
Babur himself knew Persian and Turkish languages. His autobiography known as ‘Baburnama’ is well known.
Another important text is ‘Tarikh-i-Rashidi’ by Mirza Hyder written during the period of Humayun.
Akbar got many Sanskrit texts translated in Persian which includes ‘Rajatarangini’, ‘Lilavati’, ‘Ramayana’, ‘Mahabharata’, ‘Harivamsh’ and ‘Panchatantra’. Abul Fazal wrote the famous ‘Akbarnama’ and ‘Ain-i- Akbari’.
Dara Shukoh, the son of Shahjahan, was a Sanskrit scholar. He translated the text of several Upanishads texts in the Persian language from Sanskrit.
During the Mughal period, a number of biographical, historical texts were written. Among them Khafi Khan’s ‘Tarikhi- Khafikhan’ is well-known.
During the Mughal period, a number of literary works of high quality were created in local north Indian dialects. To mention a few, ‘Ramacharitamanas’ written by Goswami Tulsidas, the compositions of Surdas and Meerabai, Padmavat composed by Malik Muhammad Jaysi, dohas of Saint Kabir.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
During the Mughal period, what were the changes made in the revenue system?
Answer:

Akbar made further reforms in the revenue system implemented by Shershah Sur.
This bought a certain discipline in the Mughal revenue system.
He graded the cultivable land based on the systematic land survey.
The land was classified into four types on the basis of annual yield, i.e. fertile (supik), infertile (napik), irrigated (bagayat), and dry crop (jirayat) land.
Individual land holdings of farmers were registered.
An average of the annual yield in the last ten years was calculated and one-third of this average yield was fixed as the base for the tax to be paid.
The tax, thus fixed, was applicable for the span of ten years. This offered considerable respite to farmers for a span of ten years.
Documents are known as ‘Kabulayat’ and ‘Patta’ were prepared by the farmers after the fixing of the tax rate. The tax was collected in cash or in kind.

Question 2.
Elaborate on the features of Mughal architecture.
Answer:

The architectural style during the Sultanate period had great implements on strength and simplicity.
But during the Mughal period, the focus shifted to aesthetics.
During the period of Babur, the Kabulbag mosque at Panipat and Jama Masjid at Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh were built in Persian style.
The memorial built during the period of Shershah Sur at Sahastram (Bihar) is an excellent example of the Indo-Islamic style of architecture.
The Purana Qila was built by Shershah in Delhi. The city of Fatehpur Sikri was set up during Akbar’s period.
Later the buildings like Jama Masjid, Buland Darwaza were built in Fatehpur-Sikri.
Akbar built important forts like Agra fort, Lahore fort, Allahabad fort, and Attock fort.
The use of Red stone and marble, huge domes, arches were the salient features of the architecture of this period.
The period of Shahjahan was the most glorious period of Mughal architecture.
‘Diwan-i-Aam’ and ‘Diwan-i-Khaas’ in Red fort, ‘Jama masjid’, ‘Moti Masjid’, were built during his period.
The ‘Taj Mahal’ of Agra built by him is incomparable and immortal.
Later, Mughal architecture began to decline.

Activity

Collect information about the expansion of Mughal rule by Emperor Akbar and the contemporary cities.
Answer:

Akbar was an Imperialist.
The first conquest of Akbar was that of Malwa.
His empire extended from Kabul in the west to Bengal in the east and from Kashmir in the north to Vindhyas in the south.
Had consolidated the whole of north India under his administration.
The following is the link for additional information: https://www.historydiscussion.net

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 14 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 14 Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 14 Question Answer Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 14 Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 14 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
The royal poet in the court of Balban was _________________
(a) Al-Beruni
(b) Tuli
(c) Amir Khusrow
(d) Husen Shah Sharukhi.
Answer:
(c) Amir Khusrow

Question 2.
The first ruler who built the buildings in Indo-Islamic style of architecture was _________________
(a) Ferozshah Tughluq
(b) Qutubuddin Aibak
(c) Alauddin Khalji
(d) Akbar
Answer:
(b) Qutubuddin Aibak

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Rajasthan	Chauhans
(b) Kanauj	Pratiharas
(c) Bundelkhand	Chandelas
(d) Tripuri	Paramaras

Answer:
(d) Tripuri – Kalachuris

2. Complete the concept Maps.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 14 Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdom 2 Q1
Answer:

3. Explain the statements with reasons.

Question 1.
The Arab rule did not expand in India.
Answer:

There was political instability in India in the 13th century and the Turkish invaders took advantage of this instability.
Muhammad bin Qasim of the Ummayad dynasty attacked Sindh in the year 712 C.E.
He conquered the entire region from Sindh to Multan. After Muhammad bin Qasim, the Arabs rule in India grew unstable.

Question 2.
The Rajput rulers had to accept defeat in front of the Turkish invaders.
Answer:

In the 13th century, many petty rulers existed such as Chauhans of Rajasthan, Pratiharas, and Gadhwals (Rathod) of Kanauj, Chandellas of Bundelkhand, Parmars of Malwa, Kalachuris of Gorakhpur, Kalachuris of Tripuri (Madhya Pradesh), Chalukyas (Solanki) of Gujarat, Palas of Bengal, etc.
They did resist the invasions of the Turks individually but they did not unite for it.

4. State your opinion.

Question 1.
The textile industry flourished during the Sultanate’s rule.
Answer:

The textile industry flourished on large scale.
Delhi, Agra, Lahore, Multan, Banaras, Patna, Khambayat, Burhanpur, Devgiri were the main centers of the textile industry during this period.
The cotton cloth was exported on a large scale from Bengal to Gujarat.
The textile exports included muslin, linen cloth, satin, and jari cloth.
The textile dyeing industry gained importance. Golconda, Ahmedabad, Dhaka, etc. were the centers of this industry.

5. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Khyber Pass.
Answer:

The Khyber Pass has proved to be very important in Indian history.
During the ancient period, the trade between India and Central Asia was carried via. this pass.
After the Persian Emperor Darius, Alexander came, to India, via. this pass and so did Mahmud Ghazni, Babur, Nadir Shah, and Ahmed Shah Abdali.
The British built a railway line with its last destination at a place called ‘Jamrud’ near Peshawar in Pakistan, Jamrud in the doorway of Khyber Pass.

Question 2.
Coins during Sultanate period.
Answer:

During the sultanate period, there were major changes in the coinage system.
The names of the Khalifa and the Sultan were inscribed on the coins.
Details regarding the year of issue, place of minting, etc. were inscribed on it in the Arabic script.
‘Tola’ came to be considered as a standard unit for the weight of the coin.

6. Answer the following questions with help of given points.

Question 1.
Write down the information about the invasion of Alauddin Khilji on Yadavas of Devgiri with the help of points given below.
(a) Reasons of invasion
(b) Invasion and events
(c) Effects of invasion
Answer:
(a) Reasons of invasion:

Devgiri was a prosperous city in the South.
King Ramadevarai Yadava was ruling over Devgiri.
Alauddin attacked Devgiri in 1296 C.E.
In face of the sudden attack, Ramadevarai took shelter in the fort of Devgiri (Daulatabad). Alauddin seized the fort and plundered the city.
Alauddin conquered nearby provinces of Devgiri as well and collected a large booty as part of the treaty.

(b) Invasion and events:

Ramadevarai, the ruler of Devgiri had stopped paying tribute to Alauddin for some time.
So Alauddin sent his commander Malik Kafur to the South.
There were political and economic reasons behind this campaign.
The most important reason was to subdue the Yadavas and to collect tribute from them.

Alauddin had increased his army in size.
He was the first Sultan to set up a permanent standing army on a large scale.
He devised new economic reforms for controlling market prices.
These new measures created a heavy strain on the state treasury.
It was also necessary to keep the newly increased army and its officers are busy by planning new campaigns.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 13 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 13 India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 13 Question Answer India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 13 India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 13 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative to write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
Buddhaghosh was an Indian _____________ in Sri Lanka.
(a) Thinker
(b) Philosopher
(c) King
(d) Priest
Answer:
(b) Philosopher

Question 2.
The founder of Pagan empire was _____________
(a) Kyanzittha
(b) Anwrahta
(c) Ayuttha
(d) Jayavarman
Answer:
(b) Anwrahta

Question 3.
The ancient name of Cambodia was _____________
(a) Kambuja Desh
(b) Laos
(c) Angkorwat
(d) Sumatra
Answer:
(a) Kambuja Desh

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(1) Finest example of stupa architecture in Myanmar	Shwedagon Pagoda
(2) Saivaite temples in the Champa kingdom	My Son
(3) The World famous temple in Cambodia	Angkor wat
(4) The Centre of Angkor Thom	Dieng Temples

Answer:
(4) The centre of Angkorthom – Bayon Temple

1C. Write the names.

Question 1.
Son of Emperor Ashoka –
Answer:
Thera Mahinda

Question 2.
Ancient kingdom in Laos –
Answer:
Lao Sang

Question 3.
Kingdom of ‘Cham’ people –
Answer:
Champa

Question 4.
Last king of Malayu –
Answer:
Eskandar Shah

2. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Chenla Kingdom
Answer:

The first kingdom, established in Cambodia was known by the name of ‘Chenla’.
The people who established Chenla were known as ‘Khmer’.
The influence of Indian culture in Cambodia dates back to the Chenla period.
The kingdom of Chenla was established by Jayavarman II. His capital’s name was ‘Hariharalaya’.
The kings of Chenla expanded their empire from Vietnam to Myanmar and to China in the north.
After King ‘Jayavarman VII’ the Khmer empire began to decline.

Question 2.
Vishnu temple at Angkorwat
Answer:

(i) The world-famous temple of ‘Angkorwat’ was built in Yashodharpura, the capital city built by Suryavarman II.
(ii) The temple area is about 500 acres, which is about 2 sq. km.
(iii) The main entrance is at the west and the temple is surrounded by a moat, which is 200 meters in depth.
(iv) Among the sculptural panels on the southeast walls of the temple the panel of ‘Samudramanthan’ is notable. Later, it was turned into a Buddhist temple.

Question 3.
Majapahit Kingdom
Answer:

In the 13th century C.E., in Eastern Java arose a kingdom known as ‘Majapahita’.
The name of the founder King of Majapahita was, Vijaya’.
He established his supremacy in some of the islands like Java, Bali and also some other islands and extended the kingdom of Java into an empire.

Question 4.
Champa Kingdom
Answer:

‘Champa’ was an ancient kingdom in the coastal region of Vietnam.
Champa was named after the ‘Cham’ tribe.
The names of the cities in Champa were ‘Indrapur’, ‘Amaravati’, ‘Vijay’, ‘Kauthara’, and ‘Panduranga’.
The city of Vijay was the capital of the Champa kingdom.
The inscriptions of Champa mention the names of its kings and queens and the temples of Hindu deities especially Shiva temples.

3. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Explain the spread of Indian culture in Thailand.
Answer:

Thailand was referred to as ‘Mueng Thai’ by the ancient people. However, it was known as ‘ Siam’ in the world. In the 20th century, its name was changed to ‘Thailand’.
Thailand was ruled from the 6th century to the 11th century by the ‘Mon’ people. Indian culture was spread at this time.
The Indian traditions of sculpture, literature, ethics, judicial science, etc. had a great role in shaping up the Mon culture.
Dvaravati although smaller and weaker contributed greatly to the development of writing, arts, administration, religion, science, etc. in others kingdoms.
The remains of sculptures and architecture of the period have been found in Lop Buri (Lao Puri) and Ayuttha (Ayodhya).
The sculptures include Buddha images a few Shivalingas and images of Vishnu.
In the 14th century C.E, a new kingdom of Ayuttha was established in Thailand and the kings of Ayuttha bore names with the prefix ‘Ram’.
Thai Ramayana developed into an independent tradition. It is known as ‘Ramakien’ (Ram Akhyana).
The stories of ‘Ramakien’ have been preserved in all Thai art traditions including sculpture, folk music, dance, and theatre.

Question 2.
Write about the cultural interrelationship between India and Myanmar.
Answer:

‘Myanmar’ is a neighbouring country of India. It was earlier known as ‘Brahmdesh’. In the 2nd century B.C.E. there were city-states known as ‘Pyu’ in the north and central regions of Myanmar.
Among the new ‘Pyu’ cities that came into existence at a later period were the cities of ‘Halin’ and ‘Shrikshetra’ were important.
Shrikshetra was the largest among the ‘Pyu’ cities. The founders of Shrikshetra belonged to the Shakya clan of Gautam Buddha.
The three Pyu cities of Halin, Beikthano, and Shrikshetra where archaeological excavations were conducted have brought into light many remains of buildings like stupas, cemeteries, and structures built for water management. The three sites have been declared as World Cultural Heritage sites.
The ‘Shwedagon’ pagoda built between the 6th-10th century C.E. at Yongan (Rangoon) is one of the finest examples of stupa architecture in Myanmar.
The ‘Shwedagon’ pagoda contains the hair of Gautama Buddha. This pagoda is covered with sheets of gold.
The ‘Anand Temple’ is another important monument built during the reign of Kyanzittha, the emperor of Pagan in the 11th century C.E. It is the finest example of the combined architectural style of India and Pagan.

Activity

Find out the names of World Cultural Heritage in this lesson. Prepare a chart by using the following points: Name of the heritage, place, and country.
Answer:

Name of the Heritage	Place	Country
1. Sri Dalad Maligava	Kandy	Sri Lanka
2. Dambulla Caves	Dambulla	Sri Lanka
3. Angkorwat, Angkorthom	Siem Reap	Cambodia
4. Borobudur Stupa	Java	Indonesia
5. Prambanan Temples	Yogyakarta	Indonesia

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 12 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 12 India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 12 Question Answer India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 12 India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 12 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

Question 1.
The coin hoards found in ____________ had Roman gold coins in it.
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Karnataka
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(a) Tamil Nadu

Question 2.
The famous king Hammurabi had ruled the kingdom of ____________
(a) Syria
(b) Babylon
(c) China
(d) Greece
Answer:
(b) Babylon

Question 3.
The route that links Asia and ____________ is referred as the ‘Silk Route’.
(a) Europe
(b) Africa
(c) America
(d) Russia
Answer:
(a) Europe

Question 4.
‘White Horse Temple is the first Buddhist temple built in ____________
(a) India
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) Egypt
Answer:
(c) China

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(1) Strabo	Geographia
(2) Pliny the Elder	Naturalis Historia
(3) Hippalus	Hippokura
(4) Arrian	Indica

Answer:
(3) Hippalus – Periplus of the Erythrean Sea

1C. Write the names.

Question 1.
A place in the Gandhara region enlisted as a World Cultural heritage.
Answer:
Takht-i-Bahi

Question 2.
Buddhist monks in the 4th century B.C.E. translated many Buddhist texts into the Chinese language.
Answer:
Kumarjeeva

2. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 12 India, Nations in the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent and China 2 Q1
Answer:

3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
Buddhism reached China during the Kushana period.
Answer:

The Ancient Kapisha (Begram)was an additional capital of the Kushanas which was located on the silk route at a vantage point.
The trade route from Afghanistan to China was under the rule of the Kushanas.
This route starting from Taxila crossing through Khyber Pass to Bamiyan in Afghanistan and from there to China through the plateau of Pamir.
In the Kushana period, Buddhism reached China by this trade route.

Question 2.
The merchants rarely used the shorter line of the Silk Route.
Answer:

One of the major lines of the Silk Route linked China and India and then extended further to Central Asia linking one oasis to the other in the desert.
It was easier for the merchants and travellers to find accommodation and food in the oasis cities. They also found a ready market for their merchandise.
Another line crossed through the stepped to the north of the mainline. The journey on this line is relatively shorter.
It was rarely used by merchants as it was infested by troublesome pastoral tribes and hardly have any accommodation and food facilities on route.

4. State your opinion.

Question 1.
There was a close cultural association between the Gandhara region and India before the advent of Islam.
Answer:

Gandhara was favourably situated on the trade route that linked India and Central Asia.
It had close cultural connections with India from the ancient period of Janapadas till the introduction of Islam.
Whether it was the invaders from Central Asia, or the Buddhist monks sent out by Emperor Ashoka, or the Chinese monks traveling to India, all had to pass through Afghanistan.
Thus, there were close cultural associations between the Gandhara region and India before the advent of Islam.

5. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Shahji-ki-Dheri
Answer:

The Chinese monks like Fa-Hien, Yuan Chwang, who travelled through India have described the Buddhist viharas and stupas in India.
There are numerous remains of viharas and stupas in Afghanistan. Among them, a place called ‘Shahji-ki-Dheri’ near Peshawar in Pakistan was excavated.
This stupa was built during Kanishka’s period.
It is also known as ‘Kanishaka’s Stupa’. According to prevailing tradition, the sacred remains in the box (karandaka) found there are of Gautama Buddha.
The box has an inscription. It also mentions the name ‘Agnishala’, the main supervisor of the building work of ‘Kanishka Vihara’.
This box is in the Peshawar museum at present.

Question 2.
The Bamiyan Buddhas.
Answer:

The Bamiyan Buddhas are in Bamiyan, 250 km away from Kabul.
About 750 caves have been hewn out in one of the cliffs of the mountain ranges known as ‘Kuh- e-Baba’.
Beautiful murals have been painted inside these caves.
The same cliff has niches of two standing Buddha statues in stucco. One of them was 53 meters tall the other was 38 meters.
The core was plastered with several layers of mud mixed with straw. The folds of Gautama Buddha’s robes were modeled in this clay plaster.
Buddha’s forearms were supported with the help of wooden armatures and fixed with wooden pegs.
According to Yuan Chwang, the statues were surrounded by colourful murals and even the statues were painted with gold coating and precious stones.
The ‘Bamiyan Statues of Buddha’ are declared as the World Cultural Heritage.

6. Answers the following questions with the help of given points.

Question 1.
Write about the ties between ancient India and China.
(a) Trade relations
(b) The spread of Buddhism in China
(c) Serendian art style
Answer:
(a) Trade relations:

The Silk Route links Asia and Europe. It runs more than 6000 km.
It was easier for Merchants and travellers to find facilities of accommodation and food in the oasis cities.
They also found a ready market for their merchandise.
Another line crossed through the steppes to the north of this mainline. The journey on this line was relatively shorter.
However, it was rarely used by merchants as it was infested by troublesome pastoral tribes and it hardly had any accommodation and food facilities en route.

(b) The spread of Buddhism in China:

Buddhism spread in the 1st century C.E. This also introduced a new trend in Chinese art.
Many of the Mahayana Buddhist monks who arrived in China hailed from Central Asia.
Their presence in China inspired the making of images of Gautama Buddha and Bodhisattva.

Serendian art style that originated in the Xinjiang province is known as ‘Serendian Art Style’ (Seres meaning China + India).
This art was influenced by Gandhara art. It presents a combination of Greek, Persian, and Chinese art forms.
Many styles were brought to light during excavations by Sir Aurel Stein.

Activity

Collect more information about the ‘Silk Route’ with the help of the internet.
Answer:

The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that went along the northern borders of China, India, and Persia and ended up in Eastern Europe near today’s Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Silk Road was important because it helped to generate trade and commerce between a number of different kingdoms and empires.
The route included a group of trading posts and markets that were used to help in the storage, transport, and exchange of goods.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Kingdoms in South India Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 11 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 11 Kingdoms in South India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 11 Question Answer Kingdoms in South India Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 11 Kingdoms in South India Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 11 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write complete sentences.

Question 1.
The name of the well-known king of Vakatak dynasty was ______________
(a) Sarvasena
(b) Pravarasena
(c) Jaising
(d) Chandragupta
Answer:
(b) Pravarasena

Question 2.
After the conquest in South, Pulakeshin II took up the title of ______________
(a) Parameshwara
(b) Vishayapati
(c) Deshadhipati
(d) Satyajay
Answer:
(a) Parameshwara

Question 3.
Kalidasa composed ______________ at Ramtek in Vidarbha.
(a) Shakuntal
(b) Meghdoot
(c) Malavikagnimitra
(d) Harivijay
Answer:
(b) Meghdoot

Question 4.
The world famous Kailasa temple was built during the ______________ period.
(a) Chalukya
(b) Pallava
(c) Cher
(d) Rashtrakuta
Answer:
(d) Rashtrakuta

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Setubandh	Panini
(b) Harivijay	Sarvasena
(c) Indica	Megasthenes
(d) Sangit Ratnakar	Sharangdev

Answer:
(a) Ashtadhyayi – Panini

2. Explain the following statement with reasons.

Question 1.
A strong rule of the Chalukyas was created in south India.
Answer:

The Chalukya dynasty ruled in the south for approximately 200 years.
Jaising the founder of this dynasty established his capital at Vatapi (Badami) Pulakeshin I was an important king of this dynasty who performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice.
After him, his son Kirtivarman I came to power. During his reign, he conquered the Kadambas of Vanvasi (Karwar) and Mauryas of Aparanta (North Konkan) and expanded his rule.
The greatest king of the Chalukyas was Pulakeshin II.
He performed the Digvijaya and strengthened the power of the Chalukyas.
His achievements are described by Ravikirti, a poet. He defeated Harshavardhan thus, acquiring great fame.

Question 2.
Yadava period has special importance in the history of Maharashtra.
Answer:

Yadava dynasty is one of the important dynasties of Medieval Maharashtra.
During this period there was a notable development in the cultural sphere of Maharashtra.
The Mahanubhav and Warkari sects had a beginning in the Yadava period.
During this period, Patan in Khandesh, Solotagi in Karnataka, and Paithan in Maharashtra became important centers of learning.
Sanskrit texts were written on subjects like Dharmashastra, ‘Purva Mimansa’ (philosophical text), Nyaya, and Vedanta.
Many important texts were composed at this time for eg. the composition of saint poets like Namadeva, Janabai, etc.
Many temples were built of the Hemadipanti style at this time.
An important feature of the Hemadipanti temples is that no mortar was used.

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
The administrative system in South India
Answer:

There were officials like ‘Mahadandanayaka’, ‘Rashtrika’, ‘Deshadhikruta’, ‘Amatya’, ‘Ayukta’, etc.
The council of officers in the Chola kingdom was called ‘Udankuttam’.
The kingdom was divided into many provinces. These provinces were known as ‘Mandalam’.
A member of the royal family was the chief of the Mandalam.
There were many officers under him such as ‘Vishayapati’, ‘Deshadhipati’, ‘Deshadhikrut’, ‘Rashtrika’, etc.
The administration of the Southern kingdoms was very efficient. Village autonomy was an important feature.
The ‘Gramasabha’ (village council) looked after the village administration.
The head of the Gramasabha was known by different names such as ‘Gramabhojaka’, ‘Gramakuta’ etc.
Land revenue was the main source of income for the state.
Apart from it the excise tax, professional tax, pilgrimage tax were the sources of income.

Question 2.
Coins in South Indian dynasties.
Answer:

The Maurya coins were in circulation in South India.
After the decline of Mauryas, the Pandyas issued their own punch-marked coins.
The images like sun, horse, stupa, tree, fish were carved on it.
On the Chera coins, there used to be a bow and arrow on one side and an image of an elephant on the other.
On the Chola coins, the symbol of the tiger as the royal emblem of Cholas is depicted.
The Chola coins were made of gold, silver and the legends were inscribed in the Devnagari script.
The coins belonging to Chalukya king Rajaraja are issued in three metals gold, silver, and copper, with the image of Rajaraja and a tiger.
Due to the trade with Rome, many Roman coins are found.

4. Answer the following questions in brief with the help of the points given below.

Question 1.
Describe the rule of the Shilahara dynasty
(a) Founder
(b) Shilahara of South Konkan
(c) Shilaharas of North Konkan
(d) Shilaharas of Kolhapur
Answer:
(a) Founder: Jimutvahan is considered to be the founder of all three branches. They ruled for almost three hundred years as the feudatories of Rashtrakutas and later the Chalukyas.

(b) Shilahara of South Konkan: Sanafulla established the South Konkan branch of Shilaharas. His son, Dhammiyar set up the village of Vallipattana and built a fort there. Later King Adityavarma expanded his kingdom from Thane to Goa. Rattaraj was the last ruler of this dynasty. One of the copper plates found at Kharepatan gives an account of the history of this dynasty.

(c) Shilaharas of North Konkan: Kapardi established the North Konkan branch of Shilaharas. Their capital was at Sthanak (Thane). Aparajita was an important king of this branch. He ruled for around thirty-five years. He was followed by Chittaraj.

(d) Shilaharas of Kolhapur: The modern districts of Satara, Sangli, Ratnagiri, and Belgaum were included in this kingdom. Jatiga established the Kolhapur branch of Shilaharas. Bhoj II was an important king of this dynasty. Kolhapur, Valivade, and Panhala were the capitals of this kingdom. ‘Koppeshwar Mahadev’ temple at Khidrapur was the creation of Shilaharas.

Activity

Visit the Kailasa temple at Ellora and prepare a detailed note.
Answer:

The Kailasa temple is one of the 100 odd rock-cut cave temples and monasteries at Ellora.
It is carved from a single, gigantic rock.
Lies around 30 km northwest of Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
Only 34 are accessible to the public.
Ellora or Verul to the locals was located on an ancient South Asian trade.

11th Std History Questions And Answers:

Changing Times Question Answer Class 11 History Chapter 10 Maharashtra Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Solutions Chapter 10 Changing Times Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Std 11 History Chapter 10 Question Answer Changing Times Maharashtra Board

Class 11 History Chapter 10 Changing Times Question Answer Maharashtra Board

History Class 11 Chapter 10 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write complete sentences.

Question 1.
The history of Indo-Greeks is known through their _____________
(a) literature
(b) inscription
(c) coins
(d) pottery
Answer:
(c) coins

Question 2.
Gupta dynasty was founded by _____________
(a) Sri Gupta
(b) Ghatotkach
(c) Samudragupta
(d) Ramgupta
Answer:
(a) Sri Gupta

Question 3.
After accession by defeating the Shakas _____________ took up the title of ‘Vikramaditya’.
(a) Chandragupta II
(b) Ramgupta
(c) Chandragupta I
(d) Kumaragupta
Answer:
(a) Chandragupta II

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Kshaum	Linen Cloth
(b) Pushpaptta	Cotton Cloth
(c) Dukul	Silk Cloth
(d) Amshuka	Muslin Cloth

Answer:
(b) Pushpatta – Floral designs

2. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
During the Gupta period, the power was concentrated in the hands of local landlords.
Answer:

During the Gupta period, lands were granted to civil and military officers instead of salaries.
The roots of the feudal system can be found in this period.
It is believed that the feudal economy brought about the decline of urban centers.
Because of revenue tax exemption on the donated land, the revenue too decreased and the royal treasury was depleted.
It was concentrated in the hands of locals’ landlords. Because of this the king no longer remained in the center of power.

Question 2.
Every tide of the Huna invasion made the Gupta rule weaker.
Answer:

During the period of Kumargupta son of Chandragupta II, the Huna in India began.
Kumargupta withheld the attacks of Hunas.
After Kumargupta, the succeeding kings proved to be incapable of protecting their kingdom.
Finally, the Gupta empire disintegrated into many and small kingdoms.

3. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Samudragupta performed the Asvamedha sacrifice after Digvijaya.
Answer:

Samudraguptas ambition was to rule entire India as a unified empire.
Samudragupta first conquered neighbouring kingdoms.
After the conquest in the North, he carried out an expedition in the south to conquer the southern kingdoms. The rulers of the regions beyond this conquered area became his feudatories.
He made them accept his suzerainty.
After this conquest (Digvijay) Samudragupta performed the Ashwamedha Sacrifice and proclaimed himself as Chakravarti king.

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Gupta Sculptures
Answer:

The human figure was the central theme of the sculptures in the Gupta period.
Human sculptures and images of deities were created during this period.
Sculptures belonging to this period are found at many places such as Sarnath, Devgadh, Ajanta.
During this period, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain religious icons were made of stone, metals, and terracotta.

Question 2.
Indo-Roman trade
Answer:

The Periplus of Erythrean Sea written in the mid 1st century C.E mentions the Red sea and the sea routes connecting coastal lines, ports, provinces, goods exchanged in trade.
Items like textiles, black pepper, precious stones, ivory, and animals such as monkeys, parrots, and peacocks for entertainment were exported from India.
Gold coins were the medium of exchange. Coral and liquor were items of import.
A large amount of these gold coins found in south India gives an extent of the trade.
The growing trade between Rome and India saw the rise of several markets and cities.
Ter, Nevasa, Bhokardan were some of the places where commodities were stored.
The port of Sopara and Kalyan were important centers of Indo-Roman trade.

5. Answers the following questions with the help of given points.

Question 1.
How did the standardization in various sections during the Gupta period take place?
(a) Division of Gupta administration
(b) Changes in economic structure economy of agriculture
(c) Development of Gupta coinage.
Answer:
(a) Division of Gupta Administrations:

During the Gupta period, the king was the center of administration. The Prince, Amatya (ministers), and advisors helped him. Many times, the prince was appointed as viceroy who looked after the provincial administration.
Every province was subdivisions These subdivisions were called Vishaya There was an independent administrator appointed to these Visayas. They were known as ‘Vishayapath’.
‘Kumaramatya’ were the provincial officers and ‘Ayuktak’ were the officials who looked after the affairs of the districts.
Gupta’s administration was decentralized. Many decisions were taken.

(b) Changes in the economic structure, economy of agriculture:

The economic structure of the agricultural system was changed by the Gupta kings.
They preferred giving land to local farmers for tilling. Land donations were also made for the cause of religion and learning. These lands were tax-free.
They were called Agraharas
The civil and military officers were granted land grants instead of salaries. Because of revenue tax exemption on the donated land.
The power was concentrated on the local landlord
Sugarcane and wheat were cultivated in the northwest province of the Gupta empire while the rice was cultivated in Magadha and eastern regions.

Gold Smiths enjoyed a high social status in this period.
The gold coins are excellent examples of their skills.
The beautiful and realistic portrayal of various aspects of the king is the characteristic of Gupta Coins.

Activity

Collect more information about ‘Harshacharita’ written by Banabhatta, with the help of the internet.
Answer:

‘Harshacharita’ is a biography of Indian Emperor Harsha by Banabhatta also known as Bana, who was a Sanskrit writer of seventh century C.E., India.
This work is in Sanskrit. It has been categorized as an akhyayika (legend), a romanticized yet historical account.
Harshacharita has been written in a florid and fanciful style.
Bana has in detail and vividly described rural India’s natural environment as well as the extraordinary industry of the Indian people.
This work presents the emperor’s actions in an overly favourable light.

11th Std History Questions And Answers: