Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Important Questions Chapter 3 Self Important Questions and Answers.
Maharashtra State Board 11th Psychology Important Questions Chapter 3 Self
1A. Complete the following statements.
Question 1.
Rentsch and Heffner found __________ categories by which the participants defined themselves.
(A) eight
(B) five
(C) three
Answer:
(A) eight
Question 2.
According to __________, self-concept is the way individual reacts to himself.
(A) Heffener
(B) Symonds
(C) Rogers
Answer:
(B) Symonds
Question 3.
The __________ determines whether the child will be a boy or a girl.
(A) nurture
(B) sex chromosome
(C) heredity
Answer:
(B) sex chromosome
Question 4.
There are __________ major aspects of self.
(A) four
(B) five
(C) nine
Answer:
(A) four
Question 5.
According to Piaget, self-consciousness starts emerging between __________ months.
(A) 15-24
(B) 17-24
(C) 15-22
Answer:
(A) 15-24
Question 6.
Self __________ is an internal dictionary that describes an individual
(A) image
(B) awareness
(C) efficacy
Answer:
(A) image
Question 7.
Maddux defined __________ as ‘what I believe I can do with my skills under certain conditions.
(A) self-efficacy
(B) self-esteem
(C) self-regulation
Answer:
(A) self-efficacy
Question 8.
People from East Asian culture tend to focus on __________ form of self-regulation.
(A) preventive
(B) promotive
(C) passive
Answer:
(A) preventive
Question 9.
__________ self is our inner personality.
(A) Real
(B) Ideal
(C) Own
Answer:
(A) Real
Question 10.
If ideal self and real self-concept is accurate self are __________, our self-concept is accurate.
(A) similar
(B) different
(C) distant
(A) similar
Question 11.
__________ means people recognise and explore their own potential.
(A) Self-actualisation
(B) Self-efficacy
(C) Self-concept
Answer:
(A) Self-actualisation
1B. State whether the following statements are true or false and give a reason for your answer.
Question 1.
Self-concept is defined as a person’s belief in his ability to accomplish some specific goal or a task.
Answer:
False
Reason: Self-concept is defined as the totality of perceptions each person has of themselves.
Question 2.
Between the age of three – twelve, self-concept is defined in terms of a child’s economic background.
Answer:
False
Reason: Between the age of three to twelve, self-concept is defined mainly in terms of sex, age, family, and what the child believes he or she can or can’t do.
Question 3.
Gender identity and gender role are two different concepts.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Gender identity is a biological aspect of self-concept while gender role is psycho-social in nature.
Question 4.
Gender role is an acquired attribute of self-concept.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Gender roles are acquired through imitation and observation of family atmosphere as well as cultural influences.
Question 5.
Body image is a part of self-awareness.
Answer:
False
Reason: Body image is a part of self-image.
Question 6.
Efficacy expectancies represent skills required to complete the goal.
Answer:
False
Reason: Outcome expectancies represent skills required to complete the goal while efficacy expectancies refer to a person’s analysis about whether he has those skills.
Question 7.
To have a healthy self-concept implies to be a highly capable person.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Self-concept is our total image of ourselves. A person who has a healthy and positive image of himself tends to be capable.
Question 8.
The real self represents our dynamic ambitions and goals.
Answer:
False
Reason: Ideal self represents our dynamic ambitions and goals.
Question 9.
A person who has high self-worth can’t tolerate failure.
Answer:
False
Reason: A person who has high self-worth can cope with challenges in life and also tolerates failure and sadness effectively.
2. Answer the following questions in around 35-40 words each.
Question 1.
What is self-concept?
Answer:
- Self-concept is defined as the totality of perceptions each person has of themselves.
- It is also defined as ‘the totality of the complex, organized and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes, and opinions that each person holds to be true about his or her personal existence’.
Question 2.
Explain psychological components that help us to stay socially connected.
Answer:
Heatherton has identified the following psychological components that help us to stay socially connected:
- We must be aware of our actions and evaluate them.
- We must be able to predict other’s reactions to it.
- We must detect any kind of threat or rejection from others.
- We must do something constructive to improve the situation.
4. Write short notes in 50-60 words each.
Question 1.
Self-concept
Answer:
- Self-concept is our total image of us, i.e. it is our total picture of our abilities and traits.
- It is basically a cognitive construct that determines how we feel about ourselves and guides our actions.
- According to Symonds, self-concept is the way an individual reacts to himself.
- There are four aspects of self-concept, viz. How does a person perceive himself? What does he think about himself? How he values himself? and How he enhances or defends himself?
- Our self-concept develops rapidly during early childhood and adolescence. It continues to form and change throughout our life span as we change.
Question 2.
Rentsch and Heffener’s research
Answer:
- Rentsch and Heffner conducted research on the dimensions of self-concept.
- When they asked 20 questions to 200 university students, they found eight categories by which the participants defined themselves.
- Some of the categories were concerned with personal attributes, such as interpersonal characteristics (e.g. I am a student), interest (e.g. I like dancing), personal beliefs (e.g. I am against child abuse), and self-awareness (e.g. I don’t get angry without a valid reason).
- Others referred to the social environments such as ascribed characteristics (e.g. I am a citizen of India) or social differentiation (e.g. I am from another country).
- Although our answers to specific questions related to self-concept can be different, the overall organization of self-concept is common for all.
Question 3.
Steps to develop a positive self-image
Answer:
Self-image is a personal view or mental picture that we have of ourselves.
Some steps to develop a positive self-image are as follows:
- Making a list of one’s positive qualities
- Asking others to describe one’s positive qualities
- Defining achievable personal goals and objectives
- Trying to overcome illogical and irrational thinking
- Avoiding comparing oneself to others
- Developing one’s strengths
- Learning to love oneself
- Giving positive affirmations
- Remembering one’s own uniqueness
- Remembering how one dealt with problems
5. Answer the following questions in 150-200 words.
Question 1.
What is self-image and body image?
Answer:
- Self-image is a personal view or mental picture that we have of ourselves. It is an internal dictionary that describes an individual as being intelligent, funny, kind, etc. It is a collection of an individual’s strengths and weaknesses.
- Self-image is dynamic and changing. We can take steps to develop a healthier and accurate view of ourselves.
- A healthy self-image starts with learning to accept and love ourselves. It also includes being accepted and loved by others.
- Body image is a part of self-image. It goes beyond what we look like or how others see us. It also refers to how do we think, feel, and react to our physical attributes.
- Body image development is affected by cultural images and the influence of family, peers, and others.
- A positive body image contributes to enhanced psychological adjustment while a negative body image leads to maladjustment.