Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Important Questions Chapter 1 Story of Psychology

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Important Questions Chapter 1 Story of Psychology Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Psychology Important Questions Chapter 1 Story of Psychology

1A. Complete the following statements.

Question 1.
__________ thought that knowledge is acquired through learning and experience.
(A) Plato
(B) John Locke
(C) Wilhelm Wundt
Answer:
(B) John Locke

Question 2.
Wilhelm Wundt introduced the term __________ experience.
(A) conscious
(B) innate
(C) unconscious
Answer:
(A) conscious

Question 3.
Dr. Sigmund Freud was an __________ physician and neurologist.
(A) German
(B) American
(C) Austrian
Answer:
(C) Austrian

Question 4.
__________ behaviour includes directly noticeable reactions and activities.
(A) Covert
(B) Overt
(C) Conscious
Answer:
(B) Overt

Question 5.
Watson established the school of __________
(A) behaviourism
(B) philosophy
(C) psychology
Answer:
(A) behaviourism

Question 6.
The S-O-R Model was developed by __________
(A) John Watson
(B) Sigmund Freud
(C) Plato
Answer:
(A) John Watson

Question 7.
In SOR, Model ‘R’ stands for __________
(A) reaction
(B) response
(C) rigour
Answer:
(B) response

Question 8.
The first Psychology department was established in __________ University.
(A) Mumbai
(B) Calcutta
(C) Delhi
Answer:
(B) Calcutta

Question 9.
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) was established in __________
(A) Bangalore
(B) Hyderabad
(C) Chennai
Answer:
(A) Bangalore

Question 10.
Patanjali explained deep thought about Psychology in __________
(A) Yogsutra
(B) Upanishada
(C) Ayurveda
Answer:
(A) Yogsutra

Question 11.
People who have Rajasi qualities are __________
(A) aristocratic
(B) calm
(C) sluggish
Answer:
(A) aristocratic

Question 12.
__________ means understanding the causes of behaviour.
(A) Description
(B) Explanation
(C) Prediction
Answer:
(B) Explanation

Question 13.
__________ comprises of knowledge about the probable outcomes of behaviour.
(A) Explanation
(B) Prediction
(C) Control
Answer:
(B) Prediction

1B. Match the following pairs.

Question 1.

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
i. Indian Psychological Association (IPA)	a. 1916
ii. First Psychology department	b. 1925
iii. National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)	c. 1962
iv. Indian Academy of Applied Psychology (IAAP)	d. 1955
v. Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists	e. 1989
vi. National Academy of Psychology (NAOP)	f. 1968

Answer:
i – b, ii – a, iii – d, iv – c, v – f, vi – e

1C. State whether the following statements are true or false.

Question 1.
Psychology emerged as a separate branch in the 17th century.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The symbol of Psychology is Ω.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Logos means a branch of knowledge.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Wilhelm Wundt was an Austrian Physician.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Systematic study of Psychology begun in the year 1869.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
The introspection method was introduced by Wilhelm Wundt.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
John Watson conducted research on animal behaviour, child-rearing, and advertising.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
In the S-O-R model, S stands for stimulus.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
During the 1950-1960s, the focus of Psychology shifted to cognitive processes.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
The hospital for mental diseases was set up at Ranchi.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
There are only two Koshas.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Gunas determine the characteristics of human beings.
Answer:
False

Question 13.
The goal of description relates to ‘Why’.
Answer:
False

1D. Identify the odd item from the following and give reasons for the same.

Question 1.
Stimulus, Response, Organism, Reaction
Answer:
Reaction
Reason: Rest is the symbol in the S-O-R Model.

Question 2.
Rajas, Kapha, Vata, Pitta
Answer:
Rajas
Reason: The rest are the three types of Doshas.

Question 3.
Aristocratic, Idle, Sluggish, Depressed
Answer:
Aristocratic
Reason: The rest relate to Tamasi’s qualities.

Question 4.
Tirthankar, Kabir, Freud, Vivekanand
Answer:
Freud
Reason: The rests are Indian saints and philosophers.

1E. Complete the following table

Question 1.

1. __________ – Knowledge is innate
2. Prof. Narendra Nath Sen Gupta – __________
3. _________ – Lumbini Park Mental Hospital
4. Yama, Pranayam, Samadhi – __________
5. Describe, Explain, Predict, Control – __________

Answer:

1. Plato – Knowledge is innate
2. Prof. Narendra Nath Sen Gupta – First Psychology department, Calcutta University
3. Calcutta, 1940 – Lumbini Park Mental Hospital
4. Yama, Pranayam, Samadhi – Ashtangyoga, Patanjali
5. Describe, Explain, Predict, Control – Goals of Psychology

2. Answer the following questions in 35-40 words

Question 1.
Explain the study of Sigmund Freud.
Answer:

• Dr. Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis. He believed that most human motives are hidden.
• He stressed the importance of early childhood experiences and unconscious impulses in shaping adult personality.
• He explained that any major psychological problems in a person’s life have their roots in the early years of life.

Question 2.
Explain the study of cognition.
Answer

• During 1950s and 1960s, the concentration of Psychology shifted from behaviour to cognitive processes.
• Psychologists were interested in studying the various internal processes that trigger a particular responsibility towards the stimulus.
• These processes comprise attention, memory, reasoning, etc. and they play an active role in the cognitive processes.

For your understanding
Cognitive science is the scientific study of human thoughts. It examines mental actions of obtaining information as well as understanding through thoughts, experiences, and senses.

Question 3.
Write a note on Ashtangyoga.
Answer:

• In the fifth century B.C., sage Patanjali described deep thought about Psychology in Yogsutra.
• He developed the theory of Ashtanga yoga.
• The eight aspects of Ashtangyoga are Yama, Niyama, Aasana, Pranayam, Pratyahar, Dharana, Dhyan and Samadhi.
• It helps us to control our wishes and desires.

3. Write short notes.

Question 1.
The latest definition of Psychology
Answer:

• The latest definition of Psychology explains that it is the study of human behaviour and mental processes.
• Important terms in this definition are behaviour, mental processes, and the scientific method.
• Behaviour is the reaction of an organism to various stimuli present in the environment.
• It is either overt or covert. Overt behaviour can be seen directly and includes responses such as walking, talking, dancing while Covert behaviour cannot be seen directly and includes responses such as thinking, feeling, etc.
• The mental processes consist of thinking, memory, forgetting, emotion, motivation, attention, and perception.
• In a scientific study, experiments are conducted in a controlled environment. It enables researchers to study sample populations and generalise certain observations to the entire population.

Question 2.
Doshas
Answer:
According to Ayurveda, there are three types of Doshas; viz. Kapha, Vata, and Pitta.

• Kapha Dosha: Individuals who have Kapha as a dominant Dosha is calm, flexible, patient, and caring. They take a longer time to grasp a subject but have a strong memory.
• Vata Dosha: Individuals who have Vata as a dominant Dosha are unpredictable and moody. They get angry very quickly but they also calm down very fast. They are art lovers,
• Pitta Dosha: Individuals having Pitta as a dominant Dosha are very sharp. They are usually short-tempered.

Question 3.
Gunas
Answer:

• According to Ayurveda, a concept to understand human temperament is called Guna.
• There are three types of Gunas, viz. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.
• The impacts of Gunas are seen in the behaviour of an individual.
• People with Sattva Guna are calm and understanding. They do their work cautiously and promptly. They are aware of reality.
• People with Rajas Guna are proud and have high self-respect. They are aggressive, (belligerent)
• People with Tamas Guna are idle, sluggish, depressed, and not hard-working.

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Explain the study of Wilhelm Wundt.
Answer:

• Wilhelm Wundt was a German Physician and Philosopher.
• In the late 19th century, he established the first Psychological laboratory at Leipzig University to study human behaviour.
• He introduced the term conscious experience (i.e. awareness of the mental activities of an organism). This awareness includes the stored mental impressions of the past, present, and future.
• Wundt introduced the Introspection method.
• He also conducted experiments on reaction time, perception, and consciousness. After that, Psychology emerged as a science.

Question 2.
Explain the study of behaviour by John Watson.
Answer:

• John Watson was an American Psychologist who defined Psychology as the Science of human behaviour.
• He conducted research on animal behaviour, child-rearing, and advertising.
• He explained human behaviour through the S-O-R Model.
• Stimulus (S) refers to any physical event or condition that gives rise to a reaction. Organism (0) refers to a human being or an animal, who gives a response to the stimulus. Response (R) refers to the reaction of the organism to a given stimulus.
• Watson also established the school of behaviourism.

Question 3.
Explain Psychology from an Indian perspective.
Answer:

• From 2000 B.C. to 500 A. C., Indian philosophers studied the mind and human behaviour from different viewpoints. They also described ideas like soul, mind, intuition, and so on.
• Upanishads explain the self and personality structure with the help of a concept called Kosha. The different Koshas are Annamaya kosha, Pranmaya kosha, Manomaya kosha, Vidnyanmaya kosha, and Anandmaya kosha.
• Ayurveda explained three types of Doshas; viz. Kapha, Vata, and Pitta and three types of Gunas; viz. Sattva Guna, Rajas Guna and Tamas Guna. Doshas determine characteristics of humans while Gunas explain human temperament.
• In the fifth century B.C., sage Patanjali explained deep thought about Psychology in Yogsutra.
  His theory of Ashtangyoga consists of eight aspects; viz. Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayam, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyan, and Samadhi. He also studied levels of human consciousness and elaborated on how one can evolve spiritually.
• Many other Indian philosophers and saints also studied the mind and human behaviour.