Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 10 Changing Times

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 10 Changing Times Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th History Important Questions Chapter 10 Changing Times

1A. Choose the correct alternative and write complete sentences.

Question 1.
The Shakas divided the state into various _____________
(a) provinces
(b) districts
(c) villages
(d) towns
Answer:
(a) Provinces

Question 2.
_____________ was an important king of the Kushana Empire.
(a) Chandragupta II
(b) Kanishka
(c) Harsha
(d) Gondophernes
Answer:
(b) Kanishka

Question 3.
Chandragupta I added the title _____________ to his name.
(a) Maharaja
(b) Lokaraja
(c) Samrat
(d) Maharajadhiraja
Answer:
(d) Maharajadhiraja

Question 4.
_____________ was the founder of the Vardhan dynasty.
(a) Harsha
(b) Pulakeshin I
(c) Pushyabhuti
(d) Samudragupta
Answer:
(c) Pushyabhuti

Question 5.
The history of Kashmir can be found in Rajatarangini of _____________
(a) Kalhana
(b) Harsha
(c) Ghatothkach
(d) Kalidasa
Answer:
(a) Kalhana

Question 6.
The use of _____________ script is seen on the Shaka coins.
(a) Brahmi
(b) Sanskrit
(c) Pali
(d) Kharoshthi
Answer:
(d) Kharoshthi

Question 7.
The Periplus of Erythrean Sea is written in the _____________ language.
(a) Latin
(b) Greek
(c) English
(d) Pali
Answer:
(b) Greek

Question 8.
Kanishka had organized the fourth Buddhist Council in the Vihara at Kundalvan in _____________
(a) Shigupta
(b) Kashmir
(c) Pallavas
(d) Gondophernes
Answer:
(b) Kashmir

1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Question 1.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Bactria	Greeks
(b) Central Asia	Shakas
(c) Kashmir	Karkotakas
(d) South India	Vardhan’s

Answer:
(d) North India – Vardhan’s

Question 2.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Dhanvantari	Physician
(b) Kshapanak	Astrologer
(c) Amarsinha	Lexicographer
(d) Sanku	Magician

Answer:
(d) Sanku – Architect

Question 3.

Set ‘A’	Set ‘B’
(a) Chitrapatta	Printed silk
(b) Dukul	Silk
(c) Pulakbandh	Coloured cotton
(d) Pushpapatta	Muslin

Answer:
(d) Pushpapatta – Floral designs

1C. Find the odd one out.

Question 1.
Dhanvantari Kshapanak, Sanku, Chitrapatta
Answer:
Chitrapatta

Question 2.
Lokaraja, Maharaja, Maharajadhiraja, Vikramaditya
Answer:
Lokaraja

Question 3.
Shakuntalam, Pulakbandh, Pushpapatta, Amshuka
Answer:
Shakuntalam

Question 4.
Nigam, Shreni, Vishaya, Gana
Answer:
Vishaya

Question 5.
Dharnikot, Bhokardan, Amaravati, Nagarjunikonda
Answer:
Bhokardan

Question 6.
Saraswati, Vishnu, Surya, Kushana
Answer:
Kushana

2A. Write the names of historical places, persons, and events.

Question 1.
First Shaka king in India
Answer:
Moga

Question 2.
Sarvarajochchheta
Answer:
Samudragupta

Question 3.
Founder of Karkotaka dynasty
Answer:
Durlabhavardhan

Question 4.
Symbol of Goddess Athena
Answer:
Owl

Question 5.
Chinese traveller during Harsha’s reign
Answer:
Yuan Chwang

2B. Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Question 1.
The Gupta period is considered as the classical age of Indian history because of _____________
(a) political stability
(b) help from foreign powers
(c) centralized Administration
(d) development in Art and Architecture
Answer:
(a) political stability

Question 2.
The Gupta kings changed the economic structure of agricultural system because, _____________
(a) many foreign communities came and settled in India
(b) their preference was on giving the land to local farmers for tilling
(c) king was appointed as Viceroy who looked after the provincial administration
(d) the human figure was the central theme of the sculptures in the Gupta period
Answer:
(b) their preference was on giving the land to local farmers for tilling

3. Complete the concept maps.

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

4. Write short notes.

Question 1.
Vardhan Empire
Answer:

• The declining power of the Guptas saw the rise of dynasties such as Vardhans, Maukharis Maitrakas, etc.
• The founder of the Vardhan Empire was Pushyabhuti.
• He was followed by his son, Prabhakarvardhan who made the Vardhan dynasty powerful.
• He took up the title of ‘Parambhattarak Maharajadhiraj’.
• The most prominent ruler of this dynasty was Harshavardhan.
• His empire extended from Nepal to Narmada and Saurashtra to Bengal.
• ‘Harshacharita’ written by Banabhatta, a court poet, and also travel accounts of Yuan Chwang give information about this period.
• Universities of Nalanda and Vallabhi became great centers of learning. Harshavardhan’s empire was the last powerful empire in ancient India.

Question 2.
Kushana Empire
Answer:

• After winning over the small kingdoms, Kushanas followed the system of Shakas and established their Satrapi’s there.
• A military officer called ‘Satrapa (Kshatrapa) was appointed on the satrapies.
• The King was the chief of all the Satraps and adopted the titles like ‘Rajadhiraj’, ‘Maharaj’ etc.
• The concept of the divinity of the King is seen for the first time in the inscriptions on the Kushana coins.
• They called themselves ‘Devputra’(Son of God).

5. Explain the following statements with reasons.

Question 1.
During the Gupta period, India’s sea trade began to increase on a large scale.
Answer:

• Indian goods were sent up to the Red Sea and from there via. Egypt to Rome.
• From India, animals such as tiger, lion, and monkey, birds such as parrot and peacock, wool, silk, muslin, cotton cloth, ivory, pearls, spices, sandalwood, medicinal herbs, diamonds, precious stones, and other luxury terms were exported, whereas, from other countries goods such as lead, copper, glass, silver, gold, wines were imported.
• Due to this trade, the flow of gold coins was constantly coming in India and hence India became prosperous.

6. State your opinion.

Question 1.
Some Bactrian coins resemble Greek coins.
Answer:

• Some Bactrian coins resemble Greek coins in terms of their shape and weight.
• On some of these coins, the image of the owl is seen.
• Owl is the symbol of Goddess Athena. Athena was the main deity of Athens.
• Indo-Greek coins are found in Bactria.
• The Greek legends are written on the obverse side and the legends are written in Prakrit.
• Kharoshthi script on the reverse side.

Question 2.
India became prosperous.
Answer:

• In contemporary India, agriculture and animal husbandry were the main sources of livelihood.
• Along with it various industries and trade developed during this period.
• India’s contact with the foreigners proved to be beneficial for this.
• During this period also merchant and artisans guilds (shrenis) were in existence.
• During this period, India’s sea trade began to increase on a large scale.
• Indian goods were sent up to the Red Sea and from there via Egypt to Rome.
• From India, animals such as tiger, lion, and monkey; birds such as parrot and peacock; wool, silk, muslin, cotton cloth, ivory, pearls, spices, sandalwood, medicinal herbs, diamonds, precious stones, and other luxury items were exported and from other countries goods such as lead, copper, glass, silver, gold, wines, etc. were imported.
• Due to this trade, the flow of gold coins was constantly coming in India and hence India became prosperous.

7. Answers the questions in detail.

Question 1.
Write a note on the Kushanas in detail.
Answer:

• Kujula Khadphises declared himself as the king of Bactria and with this the Kushana rule was established up to Kabul, Kashmir.
• The Chinese records, Greek and Roman literature provide information about this. The Kushanas’ are referred to as ‘Tukhar’ or ‘Tushar’.
• The Kushanas followed the system of Shakas and established their Satrapi’s there. A military officer called ‘Satrapa (Kshatrapa) was appointed. The king was the chief of all the Satrapi’s.
• The kings adopted titles like ‘Rajadhiraj’, ‘Maharaj’ etc.
• The concept of the divinity of the kings is seen for the first time in the inscription on the Kushana coins.
• They called themselves ‘Devputra’ (Son of God).
• Kanishka obtained the status of an emperor. His empire extended from Kabul to Pataliputra and from Kashmir to Malwa.
• He established two capitals, one at Purushpur (Peshawar) and the other at Mathura.
• The fourth Buddhist council was organized by Kanishka at Kundalvam in Kashmir.
• The Kushanas had adopted Indian cultures which is obvious from the name of the last Kushana king “Vasudeva’.

Question 2.
Discuss trade from 2nd C.B.C.E to 4th C.C.E.
Answer:

• The period from 2nd C.B.C.E to 4th century C.E was the period of arrival of the central Asian tribes and the kingdoms that they established.
• Various industries and trade developed during this period. India’s contact with the foreigners proved to be beneficial for this.
• India’s sea trade began to increase on a large scale. Indian goods were sent up to the Red Sea and from there via Egypt to Rome.
• The items of export were animals such as tigers, lions, and monkeys, birds such as parrots and peacocks, wool, silk, muslin, cotton cloth ivory, pearls, spices, and other luxury items.
• The items of import were lead, copper, glass, silver, gold, wines, etc.
• Due to this trade, the flow of gold coins was constantly coming in India and hence India became prosperous.

8. Answers the following questions with the help of given points.

Question 1.
Discuss coinage, art, and iconography between 2nd B.C.E and 4th C.E.
(a) Coinage
(b) Art
(c) Iconography
Answer:
(a) Coinage:

• The flow of gold coins was constantly coming in India.
• The portraits of kings and images of deities were inscribed on the gold coins of the Bactrian Greeks.
• There was a great impact of the Greek and Roman coins on the coins of Shaka and Kushana rulers.
• The Kharoshthi script is seen on the Shaka coins. The coins indicate the mixed impact of Greek, Indian and Persian cultures.
• The Kushana kings depicted Indian cities on coins.
• The image of Shiva has been found on gold and copper coins.
• Kushana coins are found in the border regions of India and China.
• The legends on the Kushana coins found in Central Asia are in the Prakrit language in the Kharoshthi script.

(b) Art:

• The Gandhara region had become a melting pot of Indian, Greek, Roman, Persian, and Shaka cultures.
• A new style of art developed in the cities of Pushkalavati, Taxila, Purushpur, etc. It is known as ‘Gandhara style’.
• The theme was Indian but the style was Greek.
• The Mahayana sect of Buddhism gave an impetus to this style of art.

(c) Iconography:

• In the icons of the Gandhara style, there was more emphasis on physical beauty.
• During the same time, Mathura and Varanasi’s styles of art developed.
• The images of Gautama Buddha were completely Indian in nature.
• Mathura was an important center of Indian art of sculpture.
• Portrait sculpture is the feature of the Mathura Style of art.
• The statues of Kushan kings, Vima Takshama, and Kanishka are examples of portrait sculptures.
• Similarly, images of Saraswati, Vishnu, Surya, Shiva, and Kartikeya saw the innovation in sculptural art.