Class 8

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 A Battle to Baffle Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.5 A Battle to Baffle

Class 8 English Chapter 4.5 A Battle to Baffle Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Form suitable groups and discuss the following:

You have heard/read stories of Akbar and Birbal, Tenali Raman, Mulla Nasruddin.
Recollect and write down the names of those stories.

Pick out those aspects of a story that you find common in all their stories.
Answer:
The common aspect found in their stories :
humour, supernatural events, wisdom, suspense, magic, the beauty of nature, wit and play upon words

2. Read the different types of sentences in Reported Speech and note the differences in the Direct and Indirect forms:

1. a. Direct: The old man said, “What is the time?
b. Indirect: The old man asked what the time was.

2. a. Direct: Mother said to her, “Are you hungry now?
b. Indirect: Mother asked her if she was hungry, then.

3. a. Direct: The teacher said, “Be quiet students.”
b. Indirect: The teacher ordered the students to be quiet.

4. a. Direct: Mother said, “ How pretty she looks!”
b. Indirect: Mother exclaimed with delight that she looked very pretty.

You will observe that –

• The Reporting Verb changes according to the type of sentence in the speech.
• Change of Tense
• Change of word order in the sentence.

Use a dictionary and find the differences in the following terms related to ‘drama’:

Question 1.
A play:
Answer:
A dramatic work staged in a theatre in front of an audience.

Question 2.
One-act Play:
Answer:
A play that has only one act.

Question 3.
Skit:
Answer:
A short funny play that makes a joke of something.

Question 4.
Mime:
Answer:
A type of theatre using no words but only movements of the hands and body and facial expressions.

Question 5.
Farce:
Answer:
A humorous play in which the characters become involved in unlikely and complicated situations. Uses physical humour and silliness.

Question 6.
Opera:
Answer:
A dramatic work in one or more acts in which all characters communicate through song and the story is told through song put to music.

Question 7.
Tragedy:
Answer:
A play dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending.

Question 8.
Comedy:
Answer:
A play characterized by humour; has a happy or cheerful ending.

1. Read the following words and use them in sentences of your own:

1. Renown
2. defiance
3. exiled
4. predicament
5. diffident
6. benign

Answer:

1. The Chief Guest at our annual function was a man of great renown.
2. In an act of defiance, the little girl threw away the expensive toy.
3. The Prince was exiled by his stepmother for 10 years.
4. The king turned to his minister to get him out of the predicament.
5. The new teacher was so diffident that she could not control the students.
6. The lioness had a benign look on her face as she watched her cubs playing.

2. Read the following phrases and use them ¡n the sentences of your own in proper form:

1. To voice something
2. a tight corner
3. to outwit
4. to concede defeat

Answer:

1. The mother wanted to voice her fears but could not do so.
2. Birbal could always manage to get himself out of a tight corner.
3. Birbal could outwit all the ministers in the palace.
4. The Captain had to concede defeat when his army began to turn back.

3. Pick out dialogues of Tenali Raman which prove that he had the following qualities:

Question a.
Wit and wisdom
Answer:
So this is the ‘tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana’

Question b.
Self-confidence
Answer:
Let us begin by discussing the merits of ‘tila-kashta- mahisha-bandhana’ .

Question c.
Politeness
Answer:
I have one small request.

Question d.
Humility
Answer:
Your words of praise are my greatest reward, your Highness.

4. Answer the following questions in short:

Question a.
What was Pundit Shahane’s claim as a scholar?
Answer:
Pundit Shahane’s claim as a scholar was that he had mastered all the scriptures.

Question b.
Why did Pundit Shahane visit Vijaynagar?
Answer:
Pundit Shahane visited Vijaynagar to challenge the knowledge of all the Pundits in the kingdom.

Question c.
What do you learn about Pundits of Vijaynagar?
Answer:
The Pundits of Vijaynagar were frightened and nervous when their knowledge was challenged. They were insecure and did not have confidence in themselves.

Question d.
What punishment did the emperor threaten the Pundits with?
Answer:
The punishment that the Emperor threatened the Pundits with was that they would be exiled from Vijaynagar.

Question e.
Why was Tenali Raman summoned to the court?
Answer:
Tenali Raman was summoned to the court to find a solution to the predicament.

Question f.
On what condition did Tenali Raman agree to take up the challenge?
Answer:
The condition put forward by Tenali Raman was that when Pundit Shahane arrived the next day, everybody had to accept and honour him (Tenali Raman) as the Chief Pundit, for one day.

Question g.
Why was Tenali Raman taken to the court in a palanquin?
Answer:
Tenali Raman probably wanted to impress and frighten Pundit Shahane, and hence he went to the court in a palanquin.

Question h.
How did Tenali Raman outwit Pundit Shahane?
Answer:
Tenali Raman put his hands on a huge bundle next to him and pretended that it contained the scriptures ‘tila kashtamahisha-bandhana’ and he wanted to discuss its merits. He was in fact, only mentioning what the bundle contained. However, the Pundit thought he was referring to some scriptures that he had never even heard of, and hence could not discuss its merits. He immediately gave up. Thus, Tenali Raman outwitted him.

Question i.
What did the bundle in silken cloth contain?
Answer:
Tenali Raman made his entry to the Emperor’s Court in a palanquin, with two pundits following him and carrying a huge bundle in silken cloth.

Question j.
Explain the significance of the title.
Answer:
The theme of the skit is the challenge to see whether Tenali Raman could outwit the proud Pundit Shahane. This was the ‘battle’. The way to win this battle was to ‘baffle’ (confuse) the Pundit. Hence, the title ‘A Battle to Baffle’ is apt.

5. Fill in the elements that you find in the drama script of ‘A Battle to Baffle.’

Characters:
Background Scene:
Crisis:
Steps taken to resolve the crisis:
Climax:
The end:
Answer:
Characters: Krishnadevaraya, Mantrji, Tenali Raman, Pundit Shahane, 8-10 other courtiers/ministers/scholars.
Background Scene: Krishnadevaraya’s Courtroom. The Emperor is seated on his throne. Courtiers/ministers/scholars are seated in two rows facing one another and discussing softly.
Crisis: A great scholarly Pundit Pundit Shahane, has challenged the knowledge of the Pundits of Vijaynagar. The Pundits of Vijaynagar are not ready to face this challenge.
Steps taken to resolve the crisis: Tenali Raman is sent for to find a solution to the predicament and to pull them out of the tight corner.
Climax: Tenali Raman, with his sheer wit manages to outwit the renowned Pundit Shahane. and make him concede defeat.
The end: Pundit Shahane concedes defeat and leaves. Tenali Raman is praised by the Emperor for saving the reputation and honour of the great empire. Everyone is relieved and happy that the crisis has ended.

6. Do as directed:
(Make sure you do not change the meaning and tense of the sentence).

Question a.
Tenali Raman proved to be wittier than Pundit Shahane.
(Rewrite using ‘as witty as.’)
Answer:
Pundit Shahane proved to be not as witty as Tenali Raman.

Question b.
Pundit Shahane has come here. He wishes to challenge all the Pundits in our Kingdom.
(Combine the two sentences using ‘so’. Now combine the same sentence using because. ‘)
Answer:
Pundit Shahane wishes to challenge all the Pundits in our Kingdom, so he has come here.

Question c.
How can I discuss its merits?
( Make it Assertive.)
Answer:
I cannot discuss its merits.

Question d.
I have not read that scripture.
( Rewrite using ‘unaware.’)
Answer:
I am unaware of that scripture.

Question e.
Your words of praise are my greatest reward.
(Begin the sentence with ‘No other )
Answer:
No other reward is as great as your words of praise.

Question f.
I am proud of you.
(Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word).
Answer:
I have pride in you.

Question g.
The Emperor said,” But tell me Raman, to what great work did you refer?”
(Convert into Indirect Speech).
Answer:
The Emperor asked Ra man what great work he had referred to.

Question h.
Tenali Raman was a poet scholar and jester in Vijaynagar in Krishnadevarayas court.
(Punctuate)
Answer:
Tenali Raman was a poet, scholar, and jester in Vijaynagar, in Krishnadevaraya’s court.

Question i.
Mantriji said Maharaj Pundit Shahanes visit to our court is an open challenge.
(Punctuate)
Answer:
“Mantriji,” said Maharaj, “Pundit Shahane’s visit to our court is an open challenge.”

7. A past student of your school has cleared his UPSC examination and being an lAS officer has been appointed as a Collector of your district. Write a formal letter to invite him to your school to share the story of his success, at a special function.
Answer:
St. Jude school
Dr. Ambedkar Road
Thane 400 601
15 October 2018
Sub: Invitation to grace our Children’s Day function as Chief Guest.
Sir, It was with great pleasure that we learned about your appointment as the Collector of our district. The Principal, teachers, and students of our school congratulate you on this wonderful achievement. We are all so proud that a student from our school has attained this high post!
We intend to have a special function on November 14, Children’s Day. We cordially invite you to grace this function as the Chief Guest and share with us the story of your success. You are an inspiration for our students and your presence will motivate them greatly. The function begins at 10 a.m. and will end at 1 p.m. with lunch. In addition to the talk from you, there will be a short cultural program of dance and music.
It will be an honor for us to have you here and we hope you will accept this invitation.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
Suman Kini (Cultural Secretary, St. Jude school).

8. Understand the quotation and expand It In a paragraph format.
‘Pride goes on horseback, but returns on foot’.
Answer:
Pride goes on horseback but returns on foot:

“I am very beautiful. I am also very clever. Everyone loves me.” How will you react if you hear someone say these words? You will be surprised at such arrogance. You will say that the person is very proud’. To be ‘proud’ here means to have a very high opinion of oneself, one’s looks, abilities, possessions, etc. Pride makes a person think that he/she is superior to others. Would you like such a person? No, no one likes a person who is proud. If you’re too conceited or self-important, someday something will happen to make you look foolish. And when a proud man meets with a bad end, others will have no sympathy for him. History is full of examples of powerful kings who were ruined because of their proud nature. That is the meaning of the quotation: Those who are proud will finally suffer defeat or meet with a shameful end.

Class 8 English Chapter 4.5 A Battle to Baffle Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the table and write who said the given words and to whom:

Question 1.

The words	Who said?	To whom?
(1) He is visiting our court tomorrow.
(2) Not one of you can face the Pundit?
(3) Let us send for Tenali Raman.
(4) That’s an excellent idea.

Answer:

The words	Who said?	To whom?
(1) He is visiting our court tomorrow.	Mantri Ji	Emperor
(2) Not one of you can face the Pundit?	Emperor	Courtiers, Pundits, etc.
(3) Let us send for Tenali Raman.	First Scholar	Emperor
(4) That’s an excellent idea.	Second Scholar	Emperor

Complete the following:

Question 1.
The Courtiers and Pundits were unnerved when they heard the announcement that _________.
Answer:
a very great scholarly Pundit, called Pundit Shahane, was visiting the court to challenge the knowledge of all the Pundits in the kingdom

Question 2.
The first scholar proposed that ________.
Answer:
they send for Tenali Raman to find a solution to their predicament

Question 3.
Pundit Shahane’s claim as a scholar was that _______.
Answer:
he had mastered all the scriptures

Question 4.
Pundit Shahane visited Vijaynagar to ______.
Answer:
challenge the knowledge of all the Pundits in the kingdom

Question 5.
The punishment that the Emperor threatened the Pundits with was ______.
Answer:
that they would be exiled from Vijaynagar

Question 6.
Tenali Reiman was summoned to the court to ______.
Answer:
find a solution to the predicament

Question 7.
The condition put forward by Tenali Raman was that ______.
Answer:
when Pundit Shahane arrived the next day, everybody had to accept and honour him (Tenali Raman) as the Chief Pundit, for one day

Question 8.
Mantriji introduced Pundit Shahane as __________.
Answer:
the most revered and honoured master of our ancient sculptures, and the Pride of India

Question 9.
Tenali Raman made his entry to the Emperor’s Court ______.
Answer:
in a palanquin, with two pundits following him and carrying a huge bundle in silken cloth

Question 10.
Tenali Raman wished to debate on the virtues of the scripture ________.
Answer:
‘tila…kashta… mahisha. .bandhana

Question 11.
Pundit Shahane was defeated because ______.
Answer:
he had not read the scripture that Tenali Raman had mentioned

Question 12.
The Emperor and the courtiers reacted ________.
Answer:
by laughing loudly at Tenali Raman’s explanation

Question 13.
The bundle in the silken cloth contained ________.
Answer:
the stems of sesame plants and some rope used to tie up buffaloes

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
He has mastered all our scriptures and won great renown all over India.
(Write if the sentence is Simple, Compound, or Complex.)
Answer:
Compound Sentence.

Question 2.
I am ashamed of all of you. I shall debar you from my court.
(Join the sentences using a coordinator.)
Answer:
I am ashamed of all of you and I shall debar you from my court.

Question 3.
Your words of praise are my greatest reward.
(Rewrite using the comparative form of the adjective.)
Answer:
There is no other greater reward for me than your words of praise.

Question 4.
The Pundit got scared when he heard such a complicated name.
(Separate into clauses)
Answer:
The Pundit got scared – Main Clause.
when he heard such a complicated name – Subordinate Clause.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What do you learn about the Pundits of Vijaynagar?
Answer:
The Pundits of Vijaynagar were frightened and nervous when their knowledge was challenged. They were insecure and did not have confidence in
themselves.

Question 2.
What explanation did Tenali Raman give about the name of the strange scripture?
Answer:
Tenali Raman had pretended that the bundle contained scriptures called ‘tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana’, and he wanted to discuss its merits. However, the bundle only contained some til (sesame), kashta (sticks or stems of sesame plants) and rope. Hence, tila-kashta meant the stems of sesame plants. The rope the bundle contained was used to tie up buffaloes. Mahisha meant buffalo and bandhana is the rope to tie up something. So that was ( the ‘tila-kashta-mahisha-bandhana’ he had mentioned.

Write If the following statements are True or False:

Question 1.
Tenali Raman was very proud of being chosen by the Emperor.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The Emperor was rude to Tenali Raman.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Tenali Raman accepted the challenge.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Tenali Raman wanted to be the Chief Pundit permanently.
Answer:
False

Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns In Column B:

Question 1.

A	B
(1) silken	(a) scriptures
(2) benign	(b) cloth
(3) slight	(c) permission
(4) ancient	(d) bow

Answer:

A	B
(1) silken	(b) cloth
(2) benign	(c) permission
(3) slight	(d) bow
(4) ancient	(a) scriptures

Change the voice:

Question 1.
They have recommended you to outwit the challenger.
Answer:
You have been recommended (by them) to outwit the challenger.

Question 2.
Let them be brought forth at once.
Answer:
Bring them forth at once.

Complete the web showing the qualities of Tenali Raman:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.
Write the English names/words for the following:

1. til
2. kashta
3. mahisha
4. bandhana

Answer:

1. sesame
2. stick
3. buffalo
4. rope

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Pick out two non-English words from the lesson.
Answer:
mahisha, bandhana

Question 2.
Pick out two words used for Krishnadevaraya.
Answer:
Maharaj, Emperor (Your Majesty, Your Highness)

Question 3.
Add letters before the word ‘all’ to form two different words:
Answer:
small, shall (stall)

Question 4.
Find out four hidden words from the given word:
challenger (Each word should have at least 4 letters.)
Answer:
challenger: challenge, change, charge, large

Question 5.
Write down two adjectives formed from the word:
honour
Answer:
honoured, honourable

Question 6.
Underline the pronouns:
Let me assure you that I shall not let you down.
Answer:
Let me assure you that I shall not let you down.

Question 7.
State the tense and aspect of the verb in the following sentence:
Pundit Shahane has come here to challenge all the Pundits in our Kingdom.
Answer:
verb – has come
tense – present
aspect – perfect

Question 8.
Rewrite in indirect speech:
Emperor: (annoyed) Not one of you can face the Pundit? I am ashamed of all of you. I shall debar you from my court.
Answer:
The Emperor was annoyed and ‘ asked if not one of them could face the Pundit. He added that he was ashamed of all of them and would debar them from his court.

Question 9.
Rewrite using the positive and comparative forms of the adjective:
Tenali Raman is the greatest of all scholars.
Answer:
Positive: There is no other scholar as great as Tenali Raman.
Comparative: Tenali Raman is greater than all other scholars.

Question 10.
Use the following word as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences:
reward
Answer:
(i) The brave girl was asked to collect her reward from the Mayor, (noun)
(ii) Mona was rewarded by the old woman for bringing her cat back, (verb)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Ramanujan Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Ramanujan

Class 8 English Chapter 4.4 RamanujanTextbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Discuss orally in your class:

In what subjects is knowledge of mathematics used, at school level and college university level. Name them.
Did you know maths is used in music and poetry also? Can you tell me how?
Answer:
(Points: knowledge of maths is used in science, physics, chemistry, economics, accountancy, etc. Poetry-rhymes, rhythm; music-beat, rhythm, etc.)

2. Use the letters in the word MATHEMATICIAN to make 4 letters 5 letter and 6 or more letter words, within a time limit fixed by your teacher.
Answer:
Mathematician: cinema, anthem, thematic, machine, attach, match, meant, mice, item, mime, hate, heat, them, team, etc.

3. Sentences can be classified into three types – Simple, Complex and Compound.

A Simple Sentence is one that has only one Subject and one Predicate.
It has only one Finite verb.
For example, She went home.
In the morning, near my school, I saw a snake.

A Complex Sentence consists of one Main Clause and one or more
Dependent or Subordinate Clauses.
For example, She went home, after school was over.
The boys found the book which had been lost.

A Compound Sentence consists of two or more Independent or
Co-ordinate Clauses. They are joined by Co-ordinators.
For example: and, but, so, or, for etc.

a. He finished his work and he left his office.
b. He is poor but he is honest.
From lesson 4.2 pick out one example of each of the following.

(i) Simple Sentence: ……………
Answer:
Modern techniques are used nowadays for anaesthesia.

(ii) Complex Sentence: …………..
Answer:
Today, if you need to have heart surgery, you can choose from many fine doctors.

(iii) Compound Sentence: ……………
Answer:
Over the years now, revolutionary steps have been taken in different types of complicated surgery and these have made such operations successful.

1. A. Use the following words/phrases to make sentences of your own:

Question 1.
enthusiasm
Answer:
The hikers set off on the hike with great enthusiasm.

Question 2.
loped off
Answer:
The deer loped off easily after being freed from the trap.

Question 3.
fraud
Answer:
The doctor was arrested by the police for being a fraud.

Question 4.
clarity
Answer:
The teacher told the student that there was no clarity in her answers.

Question 5.
to come
Answer:
The minister refused to come to the party unless he was provided conveyance.

Question 6.
amiable
Answer:
The Principal was happy that the new teacher was an amiable person.

Question 7.
to terms with
Answer:
The doctor advised the woman to come to terms with her illness,

Question 8.
conveyance
Answer:
The minister refused to come to the party unless he was provided conveyance.

1. B. The following words can be used us Nouns us well us Verbs:
(visit / honour / report / watch / form / surprise)

Make pairs of sentences of your own using them us u Noun in one and as a Verb in the other.
For example:
(i) She gave a smile – Noun.
(ii) Babies smile when they see their mother – Verb.
Answer:
(1) visit:
(i) My grandmother came over for a visit yesterday, (noun)
(ii) “We must visit the zoo when we go to Hyderabad,” said Meera. (verb)

(2) honour:
(i) It was an honour to have such a great scientist visit our college, (noun)
(ii) “Let us honour those who have laid down their lives for the country,” said the minister, (verb)

(3) report:
The class had to hand in their project reports by the end of the week. (noun)
(ii) The witness reported all that he had seen to the lawyer, (verb)

(4) Watch:
(i) Suman lost her new watch while travelling by train, (noun)
(ii) “Watch the house to see if the thief returns,” ordered the inspector, (verb)

(5) form:
(i) The boy’s admission form was rejected by the college as it was incomplete. (noun)
(ii) We formed our own impression of the new corporator, (verb)

(6) surprise:
(i) “There is a surprise for you outside your door,” said my friend. (noun)
(ii) The villagers surprised thief 1 when he was sleeping and caught him. (verb)

2. Say why:

Question 1.
Ramanujan’s letter bored and irritated Hardy at first.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s letter was written in halting English and signed by a person unknown to Hardy. The script appeared to consist of theorems, most of them wild or fantastic-looking. Some of them though well-known were laid out as though they were original. There were no proofs of any kind. It seemed to be a kind of fraud, and hence bored and irritated Hardy.

Question 2.
Hardy invited Littlewood for a discussion.
Answer:
Hardy could not get the Indian manuscript out of his mind. It had wild theorems he had never seen before or imagined. He wondered if it was an unknown mathematician of genius. He had another look at the script and then invited Littlewood for a discussion to clarify his doubts.

Question 3.
mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s mother had a dream in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose. Hence, obeying the command of the goddess of Namakkal, mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.

Question 4.
Hardy and Ramanujan could not talk freely with each other.
Answer:
Ramanujan was an untrained genius. There was a big difference between Ramanujan’s and Hardy’s education. Ramanujan knew nothing of modern rigour; he did not know what proof was and Hardy was obliged to teach him some formal mathematics. He was sometimes confused with Hardy’s conversation when it was outside mathematics. Due to all these reasons, Hardy and Ramanujan could not; talk freely with each other.

Question 5.
Ramanujan had to be hospitalized.
Answer:
Ramanujan had to be hospitalized because he was ill. He later died of tuberculosis.

Question 6.
Ramanujan found the number 1729 very interesting.
Answer:
Ramanujan found the number 1729 very interesting because it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.

3. Read the text and enlist the achievements and honours of Ramanujan, received in England.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s achievements and honour, received in England:

• The Royal Society elected him a Fellow at the age of thirty (which, even for a mathematician, is very young)
• Trinity College elected him a Fellow in the same year.
• Ramanujan was the first Indian to be given either of these distinctions.

4. Voice – Active and Passive
The form of a verb shows whether the doer of an action is in the Subject (Active voice) or the Subject has an action done to it (Passive voice).
For example, The thief stole the jewels. (Active voice).
The jewels were stolen by the thief. (Passive voice)
Note: While changing from Active to Passive voice, the verb form includes be + past participle.
In a sentence, when the doer of an action is significant, we use Active voice. In Passive voice, the doer of an action may not be mentioned.
For example, The thief was caught. (by the police)

(A) Underline the verbs in the following sentences and state whether the sentences are in Active or Passive voice:

Question a.
England gave Ramanujan great honours.
Answer:
England gave Ramanujan great honours. (Active)

Question b.
A large untidy envelope was decorated with Indian stumps.
Answer:
A large untidy envelope was decorated with Indian stumps. (Passive)

Question c.
The timetable was not altered.
Answer:
The timetable was not altered. (Passive)

Question d.
She saw her son in a big hail.
Answer:
She saw her son in a big hail. (Active)

Question e.
Hardy corrected his statement.
Answer:
Hardy corrected his statement. (Active)

Question f.
Ramanujan was brought to England.
Answer:
Ramanujan was brought to England. (Passive)

(B) Change the voice in the following sentences:

Question a.
Hardy taught Ramanujan.
Answer:
Ramanujan was taught by Hardy.

Question b.
He knew nothing of the modern rigour.
Answer:
Nothing of the modern rigour was known by him.

Question c.
Sheets of paper were found in it, by Hardy.
Answer:
Hardy found sheets of paper in it.

Question d.
Hardy was bored by that manuscript.
Answer:
That manuscript bored Hardy.

Question e.
Trinity supported unorthodox talent.
Answer:
The unorthodox talent was supported by Trinity.

Question f.
He could not break the ban.
Answer:
The ban could not be broken by him.

5. Identify whether the following are Simple, Complex and Compound sentences:

Question a.
When he opened it, he found sheets of paper.
Answer:
Complex

Question b.
He glanced at a letter.
Answer:
Simple

Question c.
Hardy was not only bored but he was also irritated.
Answer:
Compound

Question d.
Ramanujan turned out to be a poor clerk.
Answer:
Simple

Question e.
If Ramanujan had been better educated, he would hove been even more wonderful than he was.
Answer:
Complex

Question f.
Ramanujan was self-taught: he knew nothing of the modern rigour.
Answer:
Compound

6. Interview Question:

A brilliant student from your school has on a Mathematics Quiz at the National Level.
Frame questions to ¡ntervie him / her when the school felicitates him / her. Follow the steps given below.

• Greeting
• Introduction of the interviewee and achievements.
• 2 or 3 questions about growing years.
• 4 to 6 questions about the achievements.
• 2 or 3 questions about future plans and prospects.
• Expression of thanks and good wishes.

Answer:
(1) Good morning, Rachana. First of all, let me offer you my Congratulations on winning the Mathematics Quiz, and that too, at the National Level. May I ask you a few questions about your achievement?
(2) Did you have great interest in mathematics in the early years of your childhood?
(3) How did you develop this interest?
(4) How long did you prepare yourself before participating in this Quiz?
(5) Who helped you and guided you?
(6) Who encouraged you or motivated you at that stage?
(7) How did you feel when you were actually answering the questions?
(8) What is the next step from here?
(9) Do you plan to make a career in mathematics?
(10) Any message to others interested in mathematics?
(11) Thank you, and all the best for your future. Goodbye.

7. Summary:

• Read the first three paragraphs on Page 92. (From One morning upto ………… a discussion after hail)
• Re-read the same noting down only Important points.
• RewrIte the Important points In your own simple language, In you notebook.
• Make certain that your summary Is less than half the length of the original passage.

Answer:

The Manuscript

One morning in 1913, Hardy received an envelope from India. It contained many lines of symbols, written in non- English script. The letter with it, written in halting English and signed by an unknown Indian, wanted Hardy’s opinion on the mathematical discoveries enclosed. These were only some known and unknown theorems, without any proofs. Hardy, bored and irritated, put the manuscript aside and went to play tennis. However, his pleasure in his game was interrupted by; the thought of the Indian manuscript with the wild theorems he had left behind. He
wondered if the man was a genius. When he returned to his room, he took another look at the script. Then he sent word to Littlewood that they must have a discussion after hall.

Class 8 English Chapter 4.4 Ramanujan Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following:

Question 1.
Hardy could not enjoy his game because ________.
Answer:
he kept thinking of the Indian manuscript that he had received that morning.

Question 2.
The manuscript contained _______.
Answer:
wild and fantastic-looking theorems and lines and lines of symbols in a non-English script.

Question 3.
The famous mathematicians mentioned in this extract are ______.
Answer:
Hardy and Littlewood.

Question 4.
The two English mathematicians realized by midnight _______.
Answer:
that the writer of the manuscripts was a man of genius

Question 5.
The famous mathematicians mentioned in this extract are _______.
Answer:
Hardy, Ramanujan, Gauss, Euler and Kapitsa

Question 6.
The number 1729 is exceptional because _________.
Answer:
it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways

Question 7.
The famous mathematicians mentioned in this extract are ______.
Answer:
Galois, Abel, and Riemann, in addition to Hardy and Ramanujan

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Hardy invited Littlewood for a discussion.
Answer:
Hardy could not get the Indian manuscript out of his mind. It had wild theorems he had never seen before or imagined. He wondered if it was an unknown mathematician of genius. He had another look at the script and then invited Littlewood for a discussion to clarify his doubts.

Question 2.
What qualities of Ramanujan does this extract bring out?
Answer:
This extract brings out Ramanujan’s passion for mathematics, his courage, and perseverance in sending his manuscript to a strange person across the seas, his efforts to put forward his ideas in spite of a lack of education, and his intelligence.

Question 3.
What were the two drawbacks of Ramanujan’s career?
Answer:
The two drawbacks in Ramanujan’s career were the defects in his education and that he had come on the scene too late in the line of mathematical history.

Question 4.
What superstition did Ramanujan’s mother believe in?
Answer:
Ramanujan’s mother believed in the superstition that she had to obey the commands given to her in her dream by the goddess of Namakkal and that whatever is seen in dreams comes true.

Question 5.
What surprised everyone one morning?
Answer:
One morning, Ramanujan’s mother said that she had a dream the previous night, in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans. The goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose. This statement, coming from a woman who was very strict about her religious observances, surprised everyone.

Question 6.
Say why mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.
Answer:
Ramanujan’s mother had a dream in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose. Hence, obeying the command of the goddess of Namakkal, mother agreed to send Ramanujan to England.

Question 7.
Hardy calls teaching Ramanujan an unusual experience.
Answer:
Ramanujan was an untrained genius. Yet, because of the defects in his education, Hardy had to teach him some formal mathematics as though Ramanuja was a scholarship candidate at Winchester. Hardy found it strange teaching modern mathematics to someone who had the deepest insight but who had literally never heard most of it. Hence he says that teaching Ramanujan was an unusual experience.

Underline the finite verbs in the following sentence:

She had a dream the previous night, in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose.
Answer:
She had a dream the previous night, in which she saw her son seated in a big hall among a group of Europeans and the goddess of Namakkal had commanded her not to stand in the way of her son fulfilling his life’s purpose.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you believe in superstitions?
Answer:
I don’t believe in silly superstitions: like black cats crossing the path, walking under a ladder, etc. But I believe in God and that good things happen to good people. I also believe that ‘God helps those who help themselves’. We must work hard if we want something, and not just sit back and expect God and ‘luck’ to do things for us.

Question 2.
Ramanujan did not have a proper formal education. Yet he became a famous mathematician. Does this mean that proper education is not necessary?
Answer:
I think Ramanujan’s case was a very rare case, where he became famous even though there were so many defects in his education. This was because he was very highly talented. However, if he had received a proper education, he would probably have done much, much more, and contributed more in the field of maths. A proper education always helps, and one must always go for it.

Question 3.
In the earlier days, people used to die of illnesses like tuberculosis and pneumonia. Do you think that is still the case?
Answer:
Though these diseases are still prevalent, the rate of cure is high, and the percentage of people dying from them has gone down. Different medicines have – been found for them. Today people die of cardiac problems, cancer, etc.

Write if the following statements are True or False:

Question 1.
Ramanujan was a bad-tempered person.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Hardy thought that Ramanujan was an untrained genius.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Ramanujan did not get admission to Madras University.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Ramanujan was sometimes confused with Hardy’s conversation.
Answer:
True

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Pick out two compound words from the lesson.
Answer:
timetable, superhuman

Question 2.
Make a word pyramid of at least four words beginning with U.
Answer:

Question 3.
Give the noun forms of:
amiable, fulfilling
Answer:
amiability, fulfillment

Question 4.
Find out four hidden words from the given word: miserably (Each word should have at least 4 letters.)
Answer:
miserably: miser, able, miserly, bleary

Question 5.
Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: sent
Answer:
(i) Harsha sent the little boy home immediately.
(ii) The scent of the jasmine flowers was simply wonderful.

Question 6.
Rewrite as a negative sentence:
It seemed impossible that he could break the ban and cross the water.
Answer:
It did not seem possible that he could break the ban and cross the water.

Question 7.
Underline the adjectives in the following sentence:
He seems to have listened with a patient smile on his good, friendly, homely face.
Answer:
He seems to have listened with a patient smile on his good, friendly, homely, face.

Question 8.
Say whether the sentence is Simple, Compound, or Complex:
If it had been summer, he would have walked down to Fenner’s to watch cricket.
Answer:
Complex

Question 9.
Change the voice:
They needed a certain amount of help from a superhuman agency.
Answer:
A certain amount of help was needed from a superhuman agency (by them).

Question 10.
Rewrite using the underlined word as a verb:
He sent word to Littlewood that they must have a discussion.
Answer:
He sent word to Littlewood that they must discuss.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery

Class 8 English Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up

1. Discuss in your class:

Question 1.
Do you like to study science?
Answer:
(Points: yes, no, the reasons why)

Question 2.
What are the advantages of learning science?
Answer:
(Points: knowledge, information- more career opportunities, etc.)

Question 3.
Are robots truly useful to human beings?
Answer:
(Points: yes, no, why – examples of robots you have read of, seen in movies, etc.)

Question 4.
How can we take the help of robots in our daily life?
Answer:
(Points: household chores – boring,monotonous work – heavy manual jobs very intricate, minute jobs – dangerous; jobs – operations, surgeries, etc.)

Question 5.
Name some gadgets and: appliances we use in day-to-day life.
Answer:
(Points: washing machine, mixer, grinder, gas stoves, TV, dishwasher, heaters, etc.)

2. Imagine that one of your family members I friends I classmates has recently undergone a surgery. You were curious and wanted to learn about his/her experience.
Match the questions you asked with their answers.

Question 1.
What health problem did you suffer from?
Answer:
I had fractured my ankle while playing hockey.

Question 2.
Whom did you Inform about It first?
Answer:
Our school hockey coach.

Question 3.
What type of doctor did you consult?
Answer:
I consulted an orthopedic surgeon.

Question 4.
How did he/she find out that you needed surgery?
Answer:
The doctor took an X-ray of my ankle, and he found a fracture In my ankle.

Question 5.
What preparation was done before the surgery?
Answer:
I was given a bath and I wore a surgical gown.

Question 6.
How did you feel when you were taken to the operation theatre?
Answer:
I was very nervous.

Question 7.
What was the first step before the actual surgery?
Answer:
I was given an injection of anesthesia.

Question 8.
Did you feel any pain during the surgery?
Answer:
No, I did not feel anything. I was fast asleep.

Question 9.
What did you feel when you opened your eyes after the operation?
Answer:
I was relieved and happy that the operation was over.

Question 10.
How soon did you recover?
Answer:
I recovered and I could walk normally after three weeks.

3. We have learned that sentences may have two, three or more sets of subject + predicate, joined by a conjunction. Each set of subject and predicate.
that is a part of a larger sentence is culled clause.
Separate the clauses in the following sentences and write the conjunction.

Question 1.
The thief stole the money and he ran away.
Answer:
Clause (i): The thief stole the money.
Clause (ii): he ran away
Conjunction: and

Question 2.
She told me that she was a doctor.
Answer:
Clause (i): She told me
Clause (ii): that she was a doctor
Conjunction: that

Question 3.
He ran fast but he did not win the race.
Answer:
Clause (i): He ran fast
Clause (ii): he did not win the race
Conjunction: but

Question 4.
The traveller arrived at the station after the train had left.
Answer:
Clause (i): The traveller arrived at the station
Clause (ii): after the train had left
Conjunction: after

4. Coordination
Observe the clauses in the following sentences.
(1) He is intelligent and he is hardworking.
(2) Asit was tired but he could not rest.
(3) You can go for a walk or you can exercise at home.
(4) Seerna has recovered from fever, so she can attend school.
Each of the above sentences have clauses which do not depend on each other for complete sense. They are called Independant or Co-ordinate clauses. They are joined by conjunctions like and, but, o, so. Such conjunctions are called Co-ordinators.
Other Co-ordinators are:

• as well as / not only but also
• yet / still I however / nevertheless
• or / nor / else / either or / neither nor
• so / therefore / thus / hence / for

From the sentences given in Activity 2 pick out two sentences having Co-ordinate Clauses. Point out the Co-ordinators:

Question 1.
I was given a bath and I wore a surgical gown.
Answer:
Coordinate Clause (i): I was given a bath.
Coordinate Clause (ii): I wore a surgical gown.
Conjunction: and

Question 2.
The doctor took an X-ray of my ankle and he found a fracture in my ankle.
Answer:
Coordinate Clause (i): The doctor took an X-ray of my ankle.
Coordinate Clause (ii): He found a fracture in my ankle.
Conjunction: and

1. Read the lesson and name the following:

Question a.
First surgeon to perform operations
Answer:
Sushruta

Question b.
Anaesthetics used from mid 19th century
Answer:
Ether and chloroform

Question c.
First successful Cardiac Surgeon
Answer:
Dr. Williams

Question d.
A sack around the heart
Answer:
pericardium

Question e.
Father of modern neurosurgery
Answer:
Harvey Cushing

Question f.
World’s most advanced surgical robot
Answer:
the Da Vinci.

2. Match the terms in ‘A’ with their explanation in ‘B’:

Question 1.

Answer:
(1) – (f).
(2) – (d).
(3) – (g).
(4) – (h).
(5) – (a).
(6) – (e).
(7) – (b).
(8) – (i).

3. Fill in the web with words related to ‘Surgery’:

Answer:

4. Write 3 to 4 lines about each of the following in your own words:

Question a.
Sushruta Samhita
Answer:
It is thought that Sushruta was probably the first surgeon to perform surgical operations, and the Sushruta Samhita is one of the oldest works In the world that deal with surgery.

Question b.
First Cardiac Surgery
Answer:
The first cardiac surgery was done by Dr Williams. A patient, James Cornish. was suffering from a very serious knife wound, and the knife had cut an artery less than an inch from his heart. It had punctured the pcricardium. Dr Williams and six staff doctors performed a complicated and daring operation and repaired the heart. This became the first successful cardiac surgery.

Question c.
First Neurosurgeon
Answer:
Harvey Cushing was the first neurosurgeon and is considered to be the father of modern neurological surgery. In the early part of the 20g” century, he developed basic techniques and instruments for operating on the brain. Cushing reduced the mortality rate for neurosurgery from 90% to less than 10%. By 1937, when he retired, he had successfully removed more than 2000 tumours. One of his most significant achievements was the development of a method to stem blood loss by inventing a clip called the ‘silver clip’ or the ‘Cushing clip’.

Question d.
The Robotic Surgery
Answer:
Robotic surgery is a type of minimal invasive surgery. Use Is made of miniature surgical Instruments, that fit through quarter-inch Incisions. Robotic surgery gives the surgeon a 3-D view of the operating site. Every movement he makes with the master controls Is replicated accurately by the robot. When necessary. the surgeon can even change the scale of the robot’s movements. Surgeons can use this technology to perform complex surgical procedures.

5. A. Fill in the gap in the table of Degrees of Comparison:

(1) old
(2) healthy
(3) near
(4) fine
(5) ancient

Answer:

(1) old	older	oldest
(2) healthy	healthier	healthiest
(3) near	nearer	nearest
(4) fine	finer	finest
(5) ancient	more ancient	most ancient

5. B. Adjectives which have more than two syllables (long words) take more and most before them to form Comparative and Superlative degrees:
For example : successful – Positive Degree
more successful – Comparative Degree
most successful – Superlative Degree
Give the Comparative and Superlative forms of:

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree	Superlative degree
(1)		Oldest
(2)	Healthier
(3) Near
(4)	Finer
(5)		Earliest
(6) Small
(7)	Faster
(8) High

Answer:

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree	Superlative degree
(1) Old	Older	Oldest
(2) Health	Healthier	Healthiest
(3) Near	Nearer	Nearest
(4) Fine	Finer	Finest
(5) Early	Earlier	Earliest
(6) Small	Smaller	Smallest
(7) Fast	Faster	Fastest
(8) High	Higher	Highest

6. Join the sentences using appropriate Co-ordinators. (but, or, so, and):

Question a.
There was lack of technology. Major surgery could not develop for centuries.
Answer:
There was lack of technology,so Major surgery could not develop for centuries.

Question b.
Cardiac Surgery was tried in the past. Patients did not survive.
Answer:
Cardiac Surgery was tried in the past butPatients did not survive.

Question c.
He places his fingers into the master controls. He operates all four arms of the Da vinci.
Answer:
He places his fingers into the master controls and He operates all four arms of the Da vinci.

Question d.
Open heart surgery can help to repair heart valves. It can also replace them.
Answer:
Open heart surgery can help to repair heart valves or It can also replace them.

Question e.
Heart patients were treated with sedatives. They did not survive.
Answer:
Heart patients were treated with sedatives but They did not survive.

Question f.
These procedures can be performed through very small incisions. Our patients experience a number of benefits.
Answer:
These procedures can be performed through very small incisions so Our patients experience a number of benefits.

7. Write in your notebook an imaginary telephonic conversation between you and your family – secretary, asking for an appointment to consult the doctor for a health problem you are suffering from. Begin with

Secretary: Good morning! This is XYZ Clinic. How can I help you?
Myself: Good morning! I am
(Now continue……)

Class 8 English Chapter 4.2 Revolutionary Steps in Surgery Additional Important Questions and Answers

Write if the following statements True or False:

Question 1.
General anaesthesia makes the whole body numb.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Daniel Williams was a young African American surgeon.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cardiac surgery was unknown after 1893.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Cardiac surgery relates to the nerves and brain.
Answer:
False

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Doctors began to use anesthesia:
Answer:
Doctors could not cut open the part of the body that was not healthy to remove or set right the part, for this would involve a lot of pain to the patient. Hence, doctors began to use general or local anaesthesia, which benumbs the whole body or part of the body. After this, the surgery could be done without pain to the patient.

Question 2.
Cardiac surgery had not developed:
Answer:
Cardiac surgery had not developed because doctors did not have modern medical tools and procedures essential for heart surgery.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Daniel Williams attempted a new medical technique in order to save a patient’s life.
(Pick out the subject and predicate.)
Answer:
subject – Daniel Williams
predicate – attempted a new medical technique in order to save a patient’s life

Question 2.
Sushruta was the first surgeon to perform surgical operations.
(Rewrite as a negative sentence.)
Answer:
No other surgeon had performed surgical operations before Sushruta.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
How do you feel when you are sick and have to go to a doctor?
Answer:
When I am sick and have to go to a doctor, I usually feel a little frightened that he may give me an injection or ask me to have a blood test. I also feel afraid that he may put me on a strict diet.

Name the following:

Question 1.
First successful Cardiac Surgeon:
Answer:
Dr. Williams

Question 2.
A sack around the heart:
Answer:
pericardium

Question 3.
Father of modern neurosurgery:
Answer:
Harvey Cushing

Question 4.
He was suffering from very serious knife wound:
Answer:
James Cornish

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Describe what kind of cardiac surgery is done nowadays.
Answer:
Nowadays, more advanced techniques are used to deal with heart complications. Open heart surgery, which helps to repair heart defects and heart valves and even replace them, is also performed successfully.

Question 2.
Explain who neurosurgeons operate upon and on what body parts.
Answer:
Neurosurgeons treat those who have disorders of the nervous system.
They can treat patients of all ages, from the newborn to the elderly, who have suffered a stroke. They operate on the brain, the spine, or the nerves.

Pick out the main clause and the subordinate clause in the following sentences:

Question 1.
Open heart surgery, which can help to repair heart defects, is also performed successfully.
Answer:
main clause: Open heart surgery is also performed successfully
subordinate clause: which can help to repair heart defects

Question 2.
They can treat patients of all ages who have suffered a stroke.
Answer:
main clause: They can treat patients of all ages.
subordinate clause: who have suffered a stroke

Personal Response:
Question 1.
Name a scientist whom you admire and say why you admire him/her.
Answer:
I admire the scientist Thomas Alva: Edison. He was an American inventor who has been described as America’s greatest inventor. He developed many devices that have greatly influenced our lives, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting electric light bulb.

Complete the following:

Question 1.
Da Vinci is the word’s ______.
Answer:
most advanced surgical robot

Question 2.
The Da Vinci’s miniaturized instruments are mounted on ______.
Answer:
three separate robotic arms

Question 3.
The surgeon controls the instruments from a ______.
Answer:
console located in the operating room

List the advantages of robotic surgery.
Answer:
The advantages of robotic surgery:

• Instead of operating on patients through large incisions, use is made of miniature surgical instruments, that fit through quarter inch incisions.
• Robotic surgery gives the surgeon a 3-D view of the operating site.
• Every movement the surgeon makes with the master controls is replicated accurately by the robot.
• When necessary, the surgeon can even change the scale of the robot’s movements.
• Surgeons can use this technology to perform complex surgical procedures.
• Since the incisions made are very small, the patients too benefit.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Our surgeons are able to perform a growing number of complex surgical procedures. (Pick out the non-Jlnite verbs and say what they are.)
Answer:
to perform – Infinitive;
growing – present participle

Question 2.
The surgeon controls these instruments and the camera from a console, located in the operating room.
(Pick out the prepositions.)
Answer:
from

Personal Response:

What are the qualities needed to be a doctor?
Answer:
To be a doctor, one must be very sincere, intelligent, hardworking and dedicated. A doctor must be prepared to work odd hours. He must be strong- minded and ready to face people who are in pain and distress, and who may be facing death. Finally, last but not the least, the main aim of a doctor should be to cure people. Money should be secondary.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the word chain of 5 nouns:
surgery → …….. → ………. → ……… →
Answer:
surgery → youth → happiness → strength → health

Question 2.
Pick out the antonyms of the following words from those given in brackets:
simple, increased (successful, complicated, reduced, invasive, separate)
Answer:
simple x complicated
increased x reduced

Question 3.
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order:
dramatically, mortality, disorders,magnified.
Answer:
disorders, dramatically, magnified, mortality.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.3 The Bees Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.3 The Bees

Class 8 English Chapter 4.3 The Bees Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. Match the professions with the field of work:

Answer:
(1) Chief Minister – Administration
(2) Magistrate – Law
(3) Soldier – Defence
(4) Trader – BusIness
(5) Builder – Construction
(6) Driver – Transport
(7) Teacher – Education

2. Living creatures, birds, animals, insects, etc. are often used in us – as comparisons, because of some special characteristics they hold.
Fill in the gaps, choosing words from the brackets to make appropriate comparisons.

(tall / quiet / humble / merry / busy / slippery / fast / sly /slow / big)

Question 1.
as _____ as a lark
Answer:
as merry as a lark

Question 2.
as _____ as a snail
Answer:
as slow as a snail

Question 3.
as ______ as a giraffe
Answer:
as tall as a giraffe

Question 4.
as _____ as a bee
Answer:
as busy as a bee

Question 5.
as ______ as an elephant
Answer:
as big as an elephant

Question 6.
as _____ as a mouse
Answer:
as quiet as a mouse

Question 7.
as _____ as an eel
Answer:
as slippery as an eel

Question 8.
as ______ as a fox
Answer:
as sly as a fox

Question 9.
as _____ as a deer
Answer:
as fast as a deer

Question 10.
as ____ as a worm
Answer:
as humble as a worm

1. Honey-bees live unorganized life like human beings. Discuss what work the following honey-bees do, us per the poem. Write it down in your own words, in your notebook.
(a) King / Emperor bee
(b) Magistrate bees
(c) Merchant bees
(d) Soldier bees
(e) Mason bees
(f) Civilian bees
(g) Porter bees
(h) Judge bee
Answer:
(a) King/Emperor bee – supervises the building of the beehive
(b) Magistrate bees – do corrective work
(c) Merchant bees – go out to trade for nectar
(d) Soldier bees – loot nectar from flowers and protect the hive
(e) Mason bees – build the hive
(f) Civilian bees – make honey from nectar
(g) Porter bees – carry the nectar brought by the other bees
(h) Judge bee – delivers his sentence

2. Complete the following choosing the appropriate option:

Question 1.
Human beings can learn from honey bees _________.
(i) How to make food
(ii) how to live joyfully
(iii) how to lead an organized nation
Answer:
how to lead an organized nation

Question 2.
The soldier-bees carry home _______.
(i) the velvet buds
(ii) nector, looted from flowers
(iii) their weapons
Answer:
nector, looted from flowers

Question 3.
The emperor-bee supervises the building of _________.
(i) the beehive
(ii) bridges
(iii) a tower
Answer:
the beehive

Question 4.
The ________ bees make honey from nectar
(i) officers
(ii) civilian citizens
(iii) magistrates
Answer:
civilian citizens

Question 5.
The drone is given a death sentence because he _______.
(i) attacked the emperor
(ii) killed other bees
(iii) does not do any work
Answer:
does not do any work

3. A. Complete the phrases using words from the poem:

(i) _______ march
Answer:
merry march

(ii) ________ tent
Answer:
royal tent

(iii) ________masons
Answer:
singing masons

(iv) ________ porters
Answer:
poor porters

(v) ________ burdens
Answer:
heavy burdens

(vi) ________ executors
Answer:
pale executors

3. B.
(i) Find any two Alliterative lines.
Answer:
Which pillage they with merry march bring home.Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘m’.
The civil citizens kneading up the honey. Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘c’.

(ii) Pick out the line that contains an Onomatopoetic word.
Answer:
The singing masons building roofs of gold. The word ‘singing’ indicates sound.

3. C.Pick out three tines that create an Imuqe In your mind of bees, busy at work.
Answer:
(i) Make boot upon the summer’s velvet buds.
(ii) The singing masons building roofs of gold.
(iii) The civil citizens kneading up the honey.

4. A. Refer to a good dictionur which carries phonetic transcriptions printed next to words. The words below are familiar to you. Copy their phonetic transcription from the dictionary and sa it aloud us ou write. (You may take our teacher’s help, if needed)

• work
• bees
• boot
• home
• mason
• citizen
• porters

Stress – Stress is the extra force we use when pronouncing a syllable in a word.
For example: In the word ‘King-dom’ the syllable ‘king’ is stressed.
In the word re-li-gion the second syllable is stressed.
Stress upon a syllable can be shown with short vertical line above the syllable that is stressed.

4. B. Say the following words aloud and put the stress mark on the stressed syllables:

1. crea-tures
2. bur-den
3. me-cha-nic
4. e-xe-cu-tor
5. de-li-ve-ring
6. ma-gis-trate

Answer:

1. crea-tures
2. bur-den
3. me-cha-nic
4. e-xe-cu-tor
5. de-li–ve-ring
6. ma-gis-trate

5. Project:

Gather information about the following insects. Draw their images or get pictures.
On one sheet each. fix the image I picture and below it write the information. Compile these pages and make a file of ‘Insects – our friends’.
Insects: Bee / Praying mantis / Butterfly
Beetle / Wasp / Dragon-fly

Class 8 English Chapter 4.3 The Bees Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following:

Question 1.
The honey bees teach us the ______.
Answer:
art of organization and living in order

Question 2.
Roofs of gold refer to _______.
Answer:
the structure of the golden beehive

Question 3.
The death sentence is given to ________.
Answer:
the drones

Question 4.
The bee-hive is being built by _________.
Answer:
the mason bees

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Where does the emperor-bee sit and what does he do?
Answer:
The emperor-bee sits in a tent and supervises the building of the bee-hive.

Question 2.
Analysis/Appreciation Of The Poem
Answer:

• Poem and poet: ‘The Bees’ by William Shakespeare.
• Theme: The organized, disciplined lives of the bees, with death penalty to those who do nothing.
• Tone: Reflective and serious: shows admiration for the organization of the bees.
• Structure and stanzas: No separate stanzas; lines of unequal length
• Rhyme and Rhythm: No rhymescheme or rhythm free verse
• Language and Imagery: Language is old English Vivid images created of the activities of the bees.
• Figures of Speech: Onomatopoeia, Alliteration, Inversion.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 The Vet Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 The Vet

Class 8 English Chapter 4.1 The Vet Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Question 1.
Where do we find all types of wild animals in urban areas?
Answer:
In the zoo.

Question 2.
Do you have a pet?
Answer:
No, I don’t have a pet.

Question 3.
How do we help animals and birds?
Answer:
We help animals and birds by providing them with food, water, and shelter. We also help them by taking them to vets when they are ill.

Question 4.
How do we realize that animals are not feeling well?
Answer:
When animals are not well, they become quiet and inactive. Some may even groan. They also stop eating food.

Question 5.
Who gives medicines/treatment to sick animals and birds?
Answer:
The veterinarian.

1. Doctor who does the special advanced study of specific parts of the body have special terms.
In your group try to match the specialist doctors with who I what they treat.

Answer:

1. dentist – teeth
2. cardiologist – heart
3. ophthalmologist – eye
4. orthopedic – bone
5. pediatrician – small kids
6. neurologist – brain/spine
7. veterinarian – animals/birds

2. Discuss in your group and write down the most important reason, why Pediatrician and Veterinarians have, a tougher job to diagnose their patients’ illnesses.
Answer:
Pediatricians and veterinarians have a tougher job to diagnose their patients’ Illnesses as their patients cannot communicate their problems clearly.

1. What is the Rhyme scheme of stanzas I to 3 and the last ho stanzas? How does it differ in the remaining stanzas 4 to 7?
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of:
(i) stanza 1: abab
(ii) stanza 2: abab
(iii) stanza 3: abab

2. Write any five illnesses of the animals in the poem, that you find most amusing/laughable.
Answer:

3. A. Out of all names of birds and animals given in the poem, pick out 4 names that are similar in English as well as in Hindi / Marathi or your Mother tongue.

3. B. Write four reasons why animals in u zoo suffer more than those who live free in the wild.
Answer:
Animals in a zoo suffer more than those who live free in the wild because of:

1. lack of free space to move around.
2. easy transmission of diseases.
3. food limited in quantity and variety.
4. trouble from human visitors.

4. Think deeply and write. Is the poet really discouraging the youth from becoming sets? Explain your response.
Answer:
No, the poet is not really discouraging the youth. The poem is a light-hearted one. However, the poet wants the reader to know how difficult the work of a vet is, and what a wide variety of patients he has to cure. They have different types of illnesses and different types of organs. They cannot even discuss their problems with him. We must acknowledge all this and respect the vet.

5. Find out from a vet or from a website, what precaution a vet has to take, when he/she is culled to treat wild, dangerous animals? Make point-wise flutes of the same.
Answer:
Points: must be aware of the signals they give – their body language – must not be distracted – protect against being attacked – precautions against allergies and transmission of diseases – wear protective gear, etc.

6. Select any four zoo – animals mentioned in the poem. Imagine they are able to talk in English. Compose a dialogue among the four animals discussing their discomfort and illnesses.
Answer:
Answer:
Animals: giraffe, tortoise, bear, kangaroo
Giraffe: Ouch, my neck hurts! The whole length of it! How lucky you are, tortoise to have such a short neck!
Tortoise: Lucky! Do you know what it means to take ages to move afoot? How difficult it is to permanently carry your home on your back?
Kangaroo: Oh, you find it difficult to move your feet. What about me? My legs are of unequal length; I cannot walk comfortably. I’m expected to jump around. I’m sick and tired of jumping. I want to walk regally like you, madam hippo.
Hippo: Regally, my foot! I’m walking so slowly because I’m feeling ill, and I do not know which part of this huge body is actually painting. You, tortoise, have such a small body. Not much searching is needed to find out the cause of the problem.
Tortoise: Problem! I only want to be able to move quickly, so that I can escape my enemies, and exercise my limbs.
Giraffe: I agree with madam hippo. The bigger the body, the more the area that has to be investigated to find out the problem. My doctor is never able to find out which part of my neck actually aches.
Kangaroo: Try balancing yourself on legs of unequal length and having to jump all the time, keeping your baby in your pouch.
Hippo: Ok, we all have our own problems. Let’s hope that the doctor who looks after us has enough knowledge and experience to cure us. He cannot even understand what we say!
All the others: How true!

Class 8 English Chapter 4.1 The Vet Additional Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss in your class and write down the most important reason why pediatricians and veterinarians have a tougher job to diagnose their patients’ illnesses.
Answer:
Pediatricians and veterinarians have a tougher job to diagnose their patients’ illnesses as their patients cannot communicate their problems clearly.

Complete the following:

Question 1.
It is difficult to be a successful vet because _________.
Answer:
every patient has different internal organs, and a vet has to possess an extremely wide knowledge of his subject to treat them successfully.

Question 2.
The ducks and chicken are ______.
Answer:
not laying any eggs.

Question 3.
The giraffes have got stiff necks because _______.
Answer:
they have been quarreling with each other

Question 4.
The poet calls the vet ‘omniscient’ because ________.
Answer:
people expect him to know everything about animals’ illnesses and cure all sick animals

Question 5.
The opposite health problems of ______.
Answer:
the lion and Arctic fox are that the lion has caught a cold and the Arctic fox is suffering from heat

Answer the following:

Question 1.
What is the rhyme scheme of stanzas 4 and 5?
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of:

• stanza 4 : aabccb
• stanza 5 : aabccb

Question 2.
Pick out an example of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
‘If the bear’s too full of buns’ Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘a’.

Question 3.
Pick out an example of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
Why the parrot does nothing but groan’. The word ‘groan’ indicates the sound.

Question 4.
From the extract, pick out the words that mean the same as the following words:

1. make a sound of pain.
2. moved
3. very much
4. capable

Answer:

1. groan
2. stirred
3. exceedingly
4. competent

Question 5.
What is the poet’s advice to you? Do you think he means it?
Answer:
The poet advises the reader not to become a vet but to earn his/her living in an easier way. He advises the reader to become a doctor and treat the illnesses of human beings. No, I don’t think he means it. It is just said in a light-hearted way.

Question 6.
Is the poet really discouraging the youth from becoming vets? Explain your response.
Answer:
No, the poet is not really discouraging the youth. The poem is a light-hearted one. However, the poet wants:
the reader to know how difficult the work of a vet is, and what a wide variety of patients he has to cure. They have different types of illnesses and different types of organs. They cannot even discuss their problems with him. We must acknowledge all this and respect the vet.

Question 7.
What is the rhyme scheme of stanzas 6 and 7?
Answer:
Rhyme scheme of:
(i) stanza 6: aabccb (Note: the last line of the 6’ stanza is ‘If the elephant eats….’.)
(ii) stanza 7: aabccb (Note: thefirst line of the 7th stanza is ‘If the camel hurts….’.)

Question 8.
What is the rhyme scheme of the last two stanzas :
Answer:
(i) stanza 8: abab (Note: the last line of the 81h stanza Is ‘Your livtng in….’.)
(ii) stanza 9: abab (Note: the first line of the 9th stanza is ‘Don’t attempt to….’.)

Question 9.
PIck out an example of Alliteration from the extract.
Answer:
‘If the camel hurts his hump’.Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘h’.

Question 10.
Pick out an eximple of Onomatopoeia from the extract.
Answer:
‘If the elephant eats paper-bags and chokes’. The word ‘chokes’ indicates the sound.

Question 11.
What is the rhyme scheme of stanzas 1 to 3 and the last two stanzas? How does it differ In the remaining stanzas 4 to 7?
Answer:
In stanzas 1 to 3 and the last two stanzas, the alternate lines rhyme i.e. the rhyme scheme Is abab, cdcd, and so on. However, In the stanzas 4 to 7, the rhyme scheme is aab ccb I.e. the first two lines rhyme, then the third and sixth lines rhyme, and the fourth and fifth lines rhyme.

Question 12.
Analysis/Appreciation Of A Poem
Answer:

• Poem and poet: ‘The Vet’ by Guy Boas
• Theme: The illnesses various animals suffer from and the difficulties of a vet.
• Tone: witty and light-hearted
• Structure and stanzas: stanzas and lines of unequal length: stanzas 1, 2, 3 and 8, 9 similar, and 4, 5, 6, 7 similar.
• Rhyme and Rhythm: rhyme scheme ahab, cdcd, and so on for stanzas 1, 2, 3 and 8, 9. eefggf and so on for stanzas 4, 5,6, 7
• Language and Imagery: Simple and witty language; vivid Images of animals with different problems, all based on their body structures and abilities.
• Figures of Speech: Alliteration, Onomatopoeia

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.4 Three Visions for India Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.4 Three Visions for India

Class 8 English Chapter 2.4 Three Visions for India Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the Preamble of the Constitution of India given in your textbook. Pick out words that refer to the following.

1. Brotherhood
2. Freedom
3. Earnestly and seriously
4. Fair and impartial treatment
5. Having supreme authority
6. Unity and oneness
7. A promise made to oneself

Answer:

1. Brotherhood: fraternity
2. Freedom: liberty
3. Earnestly and seriously: solemnly
4. Fair and impartial treatment: equality
5. Having supreme authority: sovereign
6. Unity and oneness: integrity
7. A promise made to oneself: resolve

2. Finite and Non- finite Verbs:
Verbs are action words. They can be Finite or Non-finite.
Read the sentences below, focusing on the verbs.
(a) I play football.
(b) He plays football.
(c) They play football.
(d) Manish plays football.
We notice that the verb ‘play’ as we change the person (First I Second /Third) or Number (Singular/Plural) of the Subject.
When the use of a verb is limited by the Person or Number of the Noun/Pronoun in the Subject, we call it a Finite Verb.
Now read the sentences below.
(a) I like to play football.
(b) He likes to play football.
(c) They like playing football.
(d) Manish likes to play football.
In the sentences above the verb ‘to play’ or ‘playing’ does not change or take ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ after them, even when we change the Person or Number of the Subject.
to + verb, I verb + ing/verb + en I ed/having + verb + en I ed are not limited by their Subject. Such verbs are called Non-finite Verbs.

1. Complete Dr APJ Abdul Kolum’s profile with information picked from the lesson:
Profile – Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
a. Title: …….
b. Profession: ………
c. Branch of science: ……..
d. Important position in Government held: ………..
e. His three visions for India: ……..
Answer:
a. Title: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
b. Profession: Missile scientist.
c. Branch of Science: Physics and Aerospace Engineering.
d. An important position in government-held: 11th President of India.
e. His three visions for India: Freedom, Development, and Standing Up to the rest of the World.

2. Using a dictionary/internet note down the main differences between:

Question a.
a developing nation and a developed nation
Answer:
(i) a developing nation: a country that is poor and whose citizens are mostly agricultural workers, and the average income is very low.
(ii) a developed nation: a country with a lot of industrial activity, high economic growth and where people have high incomes.

Question b.
self-reliant and self-assured
Answer:
(i) self-reliant: not needing help or support from other peoples
(ii) self-assured-having confidence in yourself.

Question c.
our strengths and our achievements
Answer:
(i) our strengths – the qualities and abilities that we have which are an advantage to us, or which make us successful.
(ii) our achievements – our successes or accomplishments.

Question d.
farm and granary
Answer:
(i) farm – a large area used for growing crops/flowers, etc.
(ii) granary – a storehouse for grain

Question e.
a remote-sensing satellite and a natural satellite
Answer:
(i) a remote-sensing satellite – artificial (man-made) satellites with remote sensors which have been launched into space to measure various things.
(ii) a natural satellite – any celestial body in space that orbits around a larger body.

3. Find evidence from the lesson and write in your own words:

Question a.
Indians respect the freedom of others.
Answer:
India has not tried to conquer anyone, or grab their land, culture and history. We have not tried to force our way of life on anyone. This is because Indians respect the freedom of others.

Question b.
It is time to see ourselves as a developed nation.
Answer:
We have been a developing nation ‘ for 50 years. Now we are among the top five nations of the world in terms of GDP we have ten percent growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels are falling and our achievements are being recognized globally. It is time to see ourselves as a developed nation.

Question c.
We Indians are obsessed with foreign things.
Answer:
We Indians are obsessed with foreign things and we want to have things like foreign TVs, foreign shirts and foreign l technology.

Question d.
In Israel, the media have a positive outlook and self-respect.
Answer:
In Israel, it was the day after Hamas had struck and a lot of attacks, bombardments and deaths had taken place. However, the front page of the newspaper had an inspiring picture of a Jewish gentleman who in five years had transformed his desert land into an orchid farm and granary. The gory details of the killings, bombardments, deaths, etc. were inside the newspaper, buried among other news. This showed that in Israel the media have a positive outlook and self-respect.

Question e.
India has many amazing success stories.
Answer:
India has many amazing success stories. We are not only the second largest producer of wheat in the world, but also the second largest producer of rice. We are the first in milk production and are number one in remote sensing satellites. We have great personalities like Dr. Sudarshan, who has transformed a tribal village into a self-sustaining, self-driving unit.

4. Pick out some sentences from (he Iesson that coney u general truth.
(i) If we are not free, no one will respect us.
(ii) …………
Answer:
(i) If we are not free, no one will respect us.
(ii) We must stand up to the world or no one will respect us.
(iii) Only strength respects strength.
(iv) Military power and economic power-both must go hand in hand.

5. Find out from the Internet the poem Song of Youth’ by Dr APJ Abdul Kulam.
(A) Copy it down in your notebook and write its theme in your own words.
(B) Using information from our school library or the Internet, prepare a
Profile of any great Indian Scientist. (Refer to Activity 1 for points.)

6. Say whether each of the verbs, underlined below, is Finite or Non-finite.

Question a.
We lack the confidence to see ourselves as a developed nation.
Answer:
lack – Finite
to see – Non-finite
developed – Non-finite

Question b.
We stand first in producing milk.
Answer:
stand – Finite
producing – Non-finite

Question c.
I want to live in a developed India.
Answer:
want – Finite
to live – Non-finite

Question d.
We prefer buying imported things.
Answer:
prefer – Finite
buying – Non-finite

Question e.
Indians never try to force their way of life on others.
Answer:
to force – Non-finite

Question f.
Having invaded India, they captured our land.
Answer:
captured – Finite

7. Phrases and Clauses:
Study the underlined groups of words.

(i)
(a) He wore a shirt made of cotton.
(b) He wore a shirt which was made of cotton.

(ii)
(a) Are you sure of your innocence?
(b) Are you sure that you are innocent?

(iii)
(a) This is the exact reason for his failure.
(b) This is exactly why he has failed.

(iv)
(a) Pay careful attention to my words.
(b) Pay careful attention to what I say.

(v)
(a) After finishing his work, he went home.
(b) He finished his work and he went home.

You will notice that all underlined groups of words in sentences marked (a) merely
refer to a concept or expression. They do not contain a Subject or a Main or Principal
Verb. Such a group of words or unit of a sentence is called a PHRASE
Each of the underlined groups of words in sentences marked (bi convey a thought/concept and have a Subject and a Principal or Main Verb.
This unit /part of a sentence is called a CLAUSE.

Say whether the underlined parts of the following sentences are Phrases or Clauses:

(i)
People from all over the world have invaded us.
Answer:
Phrase

(ii)
I believe that Indio had its first vision of freedom in 1857.
Answer:
Clauses

(iii)
It is this freedom that we must respect.
Answer:
Clauses

(iv)
We are a great nation.
Answer:
Phrase

(v)
I want to live in a developed India.
Answer:
Phrase

(vi)
We have so many amazing success stories but we refuse to acknowledge them.
Answer:
Clauses

(vii)
We have a 10 percent growth rate in most areas.
Answer:
Phrase

Replace the underlined Phrases with Clauses:

Question a.
Do you know his place of birth?
Answer:
Do you know where he was born?

Question b.
In his absence, the thieves looted his house.
Answer:
When he was absent, the thieves looted his house.

Question c.
I am a citizen of India. I am a citizen.
Answer:
I am a citizen who belongs to India.

Class 8 English Chapter 2.4 Three Visions for India Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the webs:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Pick out a sentence from the extract that conveys a general truth.
Answer:
If we are not free, no one will respect us.

Question 2.
What helped Dr. Kalam fix the three visions for India?
Answer:
Dr. Kalam fixed the three visions for India based on the achievements and progress he had witnessed in the history of the nation and during his own career as a missile scientist.

Question 3.
How should we handle our freedom?
Answer:
We should protect and nurture our freedom and build on it.

Write the past tense forms of the following words:

1. grab
2. build
3. conquer
4. try

Answer:

1. grabbed
2. built
3. conquered
4. tried

Rewrite the following sentences as affirmative sentences:

Question 1.
We have not done this to any other nation.
Answer:
We have refused to do this to any other nation.

Question 2.
If we are not free, no one will respect us.
Answer:
We will be respected only if we are free.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What, do you think, will happen if everyone in the world respected the freedom of others?
Answer:
If everyone in the world respected the freedom of others, there would be complete peace and harmony in the world. There would be no wars and no bloodshed. Everyone would be happy and free to develop his full potential

Question 2.
Pick out two compound words from the passage.
Answer:
self-reliant, self-assured

Question 3.
Do you agree that ‘our media is obsessed only with bad news, failures and disasters’?
Answer:
Yes, I agree. The front pages of all leading newspapers carries only bad news. The good news is carried in very fine print somewhere deep in the paper. It can be very depressing. Only when we read detailed articles or actually visit places can we see the amazing success stories and the development.

Complete the following:

Question 1.
The prerequisite of self-respect is _______.
Answer:
self-reliance.

Question 2.
The foreign stuff we Indians are crazy about is foreign TVs, ______.
Answer:
foreign shirts and foreign technology.

Question 3.
The dream of the fourteen-year-old girl in Hyderabad is _____.
Answer:
to live in a developed India.

Question 4.
Pick out a sentence from the extract that conveys a general truth.
Answer:
Self-respect comes with self-reliance.

Write the antonyms of the following words using prefixes:

1. respect
2. developed
3. inspiring
4. imported

Answer:

1. respect x disrespect
2. developed x undeveloped
3. inspiring x uninspiring
4. imported x exported

Pick out the relative pronouns from the following sentences:

Question 1.
The front page had the picture of a gentleman who had transformed his desert land into an orchid farm.
Answer:
who

Question 2.
It was this inspiring picture that everyone woke up to.
Answer:
that

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Would you too like to live in a developed India? What will be the advantages?
Answer:
Yes, I too would like to live in a developed India. Then there will be no crowds, no queues, admissions to schools and colleges will be easy, there will be no dearth of natural resources, and everyone will be able to live in luxury.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Write the root words of the following words : achievement, inspiring
Answer:
achieve, inspire

Question 2.
Use the following phrase in your own sentence : stand up to
Answer:
We must have the courage to stand up to any injustice that we see around us.

Question 3.
Spot the error and rewrite correctly : potentail, self-sustenning
Answer:
potential, self-sustaining

Question 4.
Find out four hidden words from the given word : (Each word should have at least 3 letters.) satellite
Answer:
satellite – state, late, least, steal

Question 5.
Write the anagrams of the following words :
(i) bleats
(ii) asleep
Answer:
(i) bleats – stable, tables
(ii) asleep – elapse, please

Question 6.
Replace the underlined phrase with a clause : After finishing her studies, she ran off to play.
Answer:
After she had finished her studies, she ran off to play.She finished her studies 1 and ran off to play.

Question 7.
Pick out the non-finite verb from the following sentence :
Why are we so embarrassed to recognize our own strength?
Answer:
to recognize

Question 8.
Pick out the pronouns from the sentence :
She replied, “I want to live in a developed India.”
Answer:
She replied, “I want to live in a developed India.”

Question 9.
Rewrite as a negative sentence :
Our media is obsessed with only bad news and failures.
Answer:
Our media is obsessed with nothing but bad news and failures.

Question 10.
Use the following word as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences :
attack
Answer:
(i) The attack came when Aurangzeb had least expected it. (norm)
(ii) Aurangzeb was attacked when he least expected it. (verb)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.3 The Worm Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.3 The Worm

Class 8 English Chapter 2.3 The Worm Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

1. ‘Worms play a very important role; in maintaining ecological balance. They are friends of farmers.’ Form groups and discuss the significance; of worms in the above two roles.
(Point: worms – loosen the soil-bring up fertile soil-turn organic garbage into organic fertilizers-provide/proteins, etc.)
(Students can discuss this as Oral Work.)

2. Think and write down how the following creatures can be useful:

Question a.
DragonFly:
Answer:
eats mosquitoes and flies; controls unwanted insects.

Question b.
Spider:
Answer:
keeps insect population under control.

Question c.
Ants:
Answer:
turn and aerate the soil; help; in seed dispersal.

Question d.
Honeybees:
Answer:
provide honey; help in pollination.

Question e.
Earthworms:
Answer:
loosen the soil; turn organic garbage into fertilizer.

3. Little creatures in nature can also be your teachers. Think and write: what we can learn from the following:

Question a.
Bees:
Answer:
organization; hard work self-sacrifice

Question b.
Ants:
Answer:
team work hard work discipline

Question c.
Spiders:
Answer:
patience perseverance

Question d.
Caterpillars:
Answer:
patience acceptance of change

4. Breeding worms to convert organic waste into fertilizer is called Vermiculture or Vermicomposting.
Find out more about Vermiculture and how you can carry out the same in your garden/backyard to fertilize your plants at home.
(Students can attempt this on their own as a project.)

1. Read the poem aloud and you ill find some old outdated words that we do not use in everyday language now.
However, some writers poets use them to impart an old-fashioned flavour to suit the background of their write-up. Such words are called Archaic words.
Give the modem words for the archaic words from the poem.

1. thy
2. being
3. bestow’d
4. thee
5. thou
6. canst

Answer:

1. thy – your
2. being – life
3. bestow’d – gifted/given as a gift
4. thee – you
5. thou – you
6. cans’t – can

Read any poem I sonnet by William Shakespeare. Pick out archaic words and guess what they mean.

2. The poet uses a device where he directly addresses someone absent or abstarct. Such a device is the Figure of Speech called ‘Apostrophe’.
For example: Turn, turn, thy, hasty, foot aside.

Pick out any two other lines from the poem that on1uin an Apostrophe.
Answer:
(i)Turn, turn thy hasty foot aside
(ii) Let them enjoy their little day
(iii) O do not lightly take away
The life thou canst not give.

3. Think and answer in your own words ¡n your notebook:

Question a.
Why does the poet appeal to us to respect the life of worms?
OR
Why should we take care even of small worms?
Answer:
The poet urges us to remember that every creature on this earth is created by God for some purpose. We must hence respect every creature, big or small, for each has its own role to play in this universe. Besides, we have no right to lightly take away a life which we cannot give back.

Question b.
Why had God created worms? What is their ecological importance?
Answer:
Every creature on this earth is created by God for some purpose. Worms play a very important role in maintaining ecological balance. They loosen and aerate the mud and bring up fertile, nutrient-rich soil. They turn organic garbage into organic fertilizers. Their bodies provide proteins.
Thus, though they are so small, they play a huge role in maintaining ecological balance, and this is the purpose for which God created them.

Question c.
Live and let live’ is a famous proverb. Which lines from the poem support this proverb?
Answer:
The lines from the poem that support the proverb ‘Live and let live’ Eire:

(i) Turn, turn thy hasty foot aside Nor crush that helpless worm
(ii) Let them enjoy their little day
(iii) Do not lightly take away The life thou canst not give

Question d.
Does the poem urge us to protect I only worms ? What is the general message conveyed through the poem?
Answer:
Though the poem is about the worm, the general message is that God has created all the creatures on earth, big ? and small, and every creature has a role to play. All beings have equal rights over the bounties of the earth. No one can take away a life that he/she cannot give.

4. Find from the library or internet other poems composed on tiny Hing creatures. Try to understand the message in each of them.

5. ‘Even small things in nature play a big role. So protect nature!’
Frame some solgans based on the above topic.
Draft a short speech on the abose topic, which you could give at your school assembly.
Use the following steps while drafting.
(1) Greeting
(2) Salutation
(3) Self-introduction
(4) Introduction of the topic
(5) Body of the speech
(6) Conclusion
(7) Expression of gratitude to audience
Answer:

Small But Important

Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, Good morning. Today is 5th June, World Environment Day, and on this important day I, Smruti Kamath, would like to say a few words on the huge role played by the small things in nature.

Let me begin with the earthworm. The earthworm is rightly called the friend of the farmer for it helps the farmer in immeasurable ways. It not only loosens and turns up the soil, it converts garbage into organic fertilizer too. Those minute creatures, ants, help in aerating the soil and in seed dispersal. Bees, in addition to providing honey, are indispensable in pollination. We owe our food to the work done by these little insects. Dragonflies and spiders keep down the insect population by eating insects. Frogs and fish eat the larvae of mosquitoes.

I could go on and on, extolling the virtues and the uses of every little being on this earth. However, time does not permit me to do this, and I end my speech by requesting all of you here to understand and respect the importance and the place of every little creature on this earth. Thank you.

6. Puruphrase the poem in your own simple language. Write it down in your notebook.
Answer:
In this poem, the poet tells the reader, who is in a hurry, to turn his foot aside so that he does not crush the helpless worm. The reader may be filled with scorn and hatred for the worm, but it was created by God.

The same God who made human beings and all other things that move has also given a portion of His unlimited love to the poor worm.
God has given the sun, the moon and the stars free to all the creatures He created. The grass that grows over the earth was made for worms as well as for human beings. The poet urges the reader to allow the worms to enjoy their brief life with its humble pleasures. He tells us not to take away a life which we cannot give.

7. Frame a pointwise Analysis of the poem ‘The worm’. Use the following points.
Answer:

(a) Poem and poet: ‘The Worm’ by Thomas Gisborne.
(b) Theme: Respect every creature big or small, for each has its own role to play in this universe.
(c) Tone: Serious and thought-provoking in the imperative.
(d) Structure and stanzas: Stanzas of four lines each short lines.
(e) Rhyme and Rhythm: Rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, and so on. The last words of the first and third line and second and fourth line of every stanza rhyme, Rhythm is smooth.
(f) Language and Imagery: Archaic language; no imagery.
(g) Figures of Speech: Apostrophe, Inversion.

Class 8 English Chapter 2.3 The Worm Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following:

Question 1.
The other creations of God that are mentioned in the poem are the sun, _____.
Answer:
the moon, the stars, the earth, blades of grass and humans.

Question 2.
The thought in the last two lines is that _____.
Answer:
we have no right to lightly take away a life that we cannot give back.

Question 3.
Pick out examples of Inversion from the poem.
Answer:
(i) On that poor worm bestow’d
(ii) The sun, the moon the stars He made To all His creatures free.

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Even small things in nature play a big role. So protect nature Frame some slogans based on the above topic.
Answer:
(i) Nurture nature and get/nurtured by nature.
(ii) All creatures great and small.
The good Lord made them all.
(iii) Take care of one and all.
All creatures great and small.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals

Class 8 English Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up

A. Study the pictures given on page 30 of the textbook and note the differences :

Answer:
Set (i) In the first panel a boy is going to school while a girl of the same age is doing household chores. In the next panel, both the boy and the girl are going to school.

Answer:
Set (ii) In the first panel, a woman is trudging along balancing pots of water on her head and a baby on her hip. In the next panel, a woman is teaching children at a school.

B. Now write what you observe in the following two pictures:

Answer:
(i) In the first panel a boy and a man are shown sharing the household chores, leaving the women to do other work.
(ii) In the next panel, men and women are working in an office together at an equal level.

C. Which pictures reflect gender equality? Write their numbers.
Answer:
The pictures on the right-hand side of:
(A) and both the pictures of
(B) reflect gender equality.

D. Write down any two slogans on gender equality.
Answer:
(i) Let’s have peace and unity
For all, give equal opportunity.

(ii) Men and women, Are all the same.
Please stop playing, This discrimination game.

1. A. Find from the lesson words/phrases that mean the following:

Question a.
colours …………
Answer:
Hues.

Question b.
a person who writes for newspapers/magazines …………
Answer:
Journalist.

Question c.
make a difference between ………
Answer:
Discriminate.

Question d.
cryover ………
Answer:
Lament

Question e.
explain in detail ………
Answer:
Throw light on.

Question f.
abilities and qualities ……….
Answer:
Potential

Question g.
same availability ……….
Answer:
Equal Access

Question h.
a person who brings about a social/political change …………
Answer:
Activist.

1. B. Pick out five Compound words from the lesson.
Answer:

• anywhere
• household crystal-clear
• courtyard
• reading room
• middle-aged

2. Answer in your own words:

Question a.
Read and write down 5 points which prove that Tomba, (Lanthoi’s father) firmly believes in gender equality.
Answer:
The facts which prove that Tomba firmly believes in gender equality are:

1. Tomba is supportive of Ashang bis activities as a woman’s rights activist.
2. He advocates the cause of women.
3. He does not discriminate between a man’s work and a woman’s work.
4. He shares equally with Ashangbi in doing the household chores like cooking, washing, etc.
5. He tells Lanthoi that the world is still full of inequalities and they have to find a way to bring equality between men and women.

Question b.
In what ways is Ashangbi different from other women of her community?
Answer:
Ashangbi is different from other women of her community:

• she is a woman’s rights activist
• she is a journalist is different

Question c.
What are the provisions in the Declaration of the United Nations, to ensure equality of men and women?
Answer:
The provisions In the Declaration of the United Nations to ensure equality of men and women are:

• equal access to basic social services including health and education.
• equal participation in political and economic decision-making.
• equal reward for equal work, and
• elimination of discrimination and violence against women.

3. Who said to whom and when / why?

	Who said?	To Whom?	When/why?
………the world is full of inequalities
I want to do something interesting
It is against the will of God
Our home is full of love……..
……….we can affirm along with United Nations that men and women are equal.

Answer:

	Who said?	To Whom?	When/why?
………the world is full of inequalities	Tomba	Lanthoi	When he is discussing gender equality with his daughter.
I want to do something interesting	Lanthoi	Ashangbi	When she wants to discuss something with her mother.
It is against the will of God	Ashangbi	Lanthoi	When she is talking about the subjugation of women.
Our home is full of love……..	Lanthoi	Ashangbi	When she is discussing gender equality with her mother.
……….we can affirm along with United Nations that men and women are equal.	Ashangbi	Lanthoi	When Lanthol asked her about the provisions available to enable women to express their potential and set themselves free from suppression.

4. We have studied in previous classes that Pronouns are nords used instead of Nouns.

We also know about Personal Pronouns like I, you, he, she, my, your, his, her, they etc.
There are other words also which are used in place of nouns.
(i) This, that, these, those point to some noun.
For example: ‘Ihi is a kingfisher.’ Those are herons.’ Such Pronouns are called Demonstrative Pronouns.

(ii) Some pronouns not only replace nouns, but also connect two sentences.
For example : Biology is a science. It studies living organisms.’
Biology is a science which / th studies living organisms.
Some other such pronouns are who, whose, whom etc.
They are called Relative Pronouns.

(iii) Some pronouns are used to ask questions.
For example: What is your name?
Which is your coat?
Who is your coach?
The underlined words are Interrogative Pronouns.

Underline the Pronouns in the following sentences and name their types:

Question 1.
What do you want to do?
Answer:
What do you want to do?
What – Interrogative Pronoun
you – Personal Pronoun

Question 2.
It is because of your father that I feel no inequality.
Answer:
It is because of your father that I feel no inequality.
your, I-Personal Pronoun

Question 3.
This is what your topic means.
Answer:
This is what your topic means.
This – Demonstrative Pronoun;
your-Personal Pronoun

Question 4.
She is fascinated by the small trail, which winds up the mountain.
Answer:
She is fascinated by the small trail, which winds up the mountain.
She – Personal Pronoun
which – Interrogative Pronoun

5. Read the following lines. Imagine it is the beginning of an instance you have experienced. Complete the incident using your imagination. Give it u positise ending. I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to ………….

Continue the write-ups with your own ideas, in about 12 – 15 lines.
Answer:
I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter, Meera, was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to do something about it. I knew that as a young girl, I could not go in and give them advice. It had to be done diplomatically. I decided to make a folder of stories of successful women who had scaled wonderful heights and were greatly respected. I also made a list of women entrepreneurs and their lives. It took me a long time to do this, but it also became my project at school and I got guidance from my teacher and my mother. They asked me to make a power-point presentation too, in addition to the folder. After about three months of hard work. my project was complete.

One afternoon, when I knew that Meera’s mother would be alone at home, I took my presentation and my folder. Pretending that I wanted her opinion on my school project, I showed her the entire presentation. My plan was successful. At the end of two anxious hours, Meera’s mother turned round and hugged me. “I get your message,” she said through her tears. “We have been unfair to Meera. We will rectify it immediately. Thanks, dear.”
I don’t know the marks I will get in school for my project, but according to me, it is already in the A+ category. It has made a positive impact. And that’s enough reward for me.

6. Project :
From your school library or internet collect quotations/slogans promoting gender equality. Make decorative posters with pictures of outstanding women or sketches or illustrations of your choice. With permission, put up the posters in your school surroundings.

Class 8 English Chapter 2.2 Nature Created Man and Woman as Equals Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Make a list of the beautiful natural surroundings of the house.
Answer:

• A small stream of crystal clear water.
• The green mountains
• A stretch of hundreds of acres of fertile land with yellow mustard flowers.
• A garden in front of the house.
• Many kinds of trees bearing flowers of different colours and fruits.
• Fragrant jasmine.

Question 2.
Write down the ways in which Ashangbi is different from other women of her community.
Answer:

Question 3.
What help did Lanthoi need from her mother?
Answer:
Lanthoi was going to speak on the topic ‘God created men and women as equals’ at her school. She wanted to have some discussion with her mother on the topic.

State what kind of sentences the following are:

Question 1.
Tell me what you want to do.
Answer:
Imperative

Question 2.
Will you spare some time to have a discussion with me ?
Answer:
Interrogative

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think that a woman should have a paid job outside the house or stay at home as a full-time homemaker?
Answer:
I think that depends on the woman and the circumstances. If she is qualified and wants to pursue a career, she should do so. If she wishes to stay at home, she should do that. It is important that she should have the freedom to choose and do as she wishes.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What did Lanthoi’s father work as?
Answer:
Lanthoi’s father Tomba is a lawyer and a social wrorker, who advocates the cause of women.

Question 2.
What does Ashangbi feel about Tomba’s views on gender equality?
Answer:
Ashangbi is appreciative of Tomba’s view on gender equality.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
List the ways in which Tomba contributes towards Ashangbi’s success.
Answer:
The ways in which Tomba contributes towards Ashangbi’s success are:

• Tomba is supportive of Ashangbi’s activities.
• He is always proud of his wife and children.
• In times of need, he helps his wife and children.
• He does not discriminate between a man’s work and woman’s work.
• He shares equally with Ashangbi in doing the household chores like cooking, washing, etc.

Question 2.
Describe how mother explained Lanthoi’s topic for her speech at school.
Answer:
Lanthoi’s topic for her speech was ‘God created men and women as equals.’ Ashangbi explained to Lanthoi that God has sent men and women to our earth to share the joys and sorrows of life equally, to share His blessings and to enjoy the bounty of nature equally. Hence, men and women are equals and should be treated as such.

Question 3.
Write down five points which prove that Tomba firmly believes in gender equality.
Answer:
The facts which prove that Tomba firmly believes in gender equality are:

• Tomba is supportive of Ashangbi’s activities as a woman’s rights activist.
• He advocates the cause of women.
• He does not discriminate between a man’s work and woman’s work.
• He shares equally with Ashangbi in doing the household chores like cooking, washing, etc.
• He tells Lanthoi that the world is still full of inequalities and they have to find a way to bring equality between men and women.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
In olden days, men and women had ‘fixed’ roles to play, and ‘fixed’ jobs to do. Do you think there should be a change in this today?
Answer:
Yes, as society changes and progresses we must change the ‘fixed’ roles and ‘fixed’ jobs too. Today, when women are going out, working and adding to the family income, men too should help in the house. Women have learnt to do many jobs which were earlier done only by men. Men too should learn to do jobs which were earlier done only by women.

Write whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 1.
Lanthoi’s grandmother has narrated many stories about brave queens to her.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Lanthoi found the topic of pioneer women boring.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Linthoingambi and Kuranganayani were brave kings.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Lanthoi has a lot of respect for Ashangbi.
Answer:
True

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Describe how the role of a mother is honoured and praised.
Answer:
The mother is said to be the fountain of love in the family. This bond of love cannot be compared to anything else in the world. Motherhood has been glorified because of this and therefore women accept the challenges in life to become a mother.

Question 2.
Complete the web showing the achievements of modern women.

Answer:

Write the noun forms of the following words:

• know
• qual
• narrated
• brave

Answer:

• knowledge
• equality
• narration/narrator
• bravery

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
This bond of love Is beyond comparison with anything else in the world.
(Make the sentence negative.)
Answer:
This bond of love cannot be compared with anything else In the world.

Question 2.
Life is not possible without both women and men.
(Make the sentence affirmative.)
Answer:
Life is impossible without both women and men.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you read stories/biographies of successful women? Did you like them?
Answer:
Yes, I have. I have read about Rani Laxmlbal. I have also read short stories and articles about women like Marie Curie, Sudha Chandran, Annie Besant, Mother Teresa, etc. like them and find them motivating.

Write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’:

Question 1.
Lanthoi finally understands what the topic of the symposium means.
Answer:
Yes

Question 2.
Ashangbi satisfies her daughter’s curiosity.
Answer:
Yes

Question 3.
Lanthoi is unsure and nervous about her presentation.
Answer:
No

Question 4.
The United Nations has affirmed that men and women are equals.
Answer:
Yes

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Write down the provisions in the Declaration of the United Nations to ensure equality of men and women. OR What social justice does the aegis of the United Nations guarantee?
Answer:
The provisions In the Declaration of the United Nations to ensure equality of men and women are:

• equal access to basic social services including health and education.
• equal participation in political and economic decision-making.
• equal reward for equal work, and
• elimination of discrimination and violence against women.

Question 2.
Describe the vision that meets Lanthoi’s eyes when she rushes outdoor.
Answer:
When Lanthoi rushes outdoors, she is welcomed by the bright morning sun. The blue sky and the range of mountains : appear to meet. Lanthoi is fascinated by a small trail which goes winding up the ; distant purple mountain.

Pick out the subject and predicate:

Question 1.
He extends his helping hand to his wife and children and to the society at large.
Answer:
He-subject
extends his helping hand to his wife and children and to the society at large-predicate

Question 2.
Use the word ‘share’ as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences:
Answer:
(i) The wicked brother wanted his share in the property, (noun)
(ii) The poor woman shared the loaf of bread with her children, (verb)

Writing Skills

Read the following lines. Imagine that it is the beginning of an instance you have experienced. Continue the write-up with your own ideas, in about 12-15 lines and complete the incident using your imagination. Give it a positive ending.
I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to ……………..
Answer:
I had often noticed that in my neighbour’s family, the son was greatly pampered, but the daughter, Meera, was treated unfairly. I could not bear this. So one day I decided to do something about it.

I knew that as a young girl, I could not go in and give them advice. It had to be done diplomatically. I decided to make a folder of stories of successful women who had scaled wonderful heights and were greatly respected. I also made a list of women entrepreneurs and their lives. It took me a long time to do this, but it also became my project at school and I got j guidance from my teacher and my mother.

They asked me to make a power-point presentation too, in addition to the folder. After about three months of hard work, my project was complete. One afternoon, when I knew that Meera’s mother would be alone at home, I took my presentation and my folder. Pretending that I wanted her opinion on my school project, I showed her the entire presentation.

My plan was successful. At the end of two anxious hours, Meera’s mother turned round and hugged me. “I get your message,” she said through her tears. “We have been unfair to Meera. We will rectify l it immediately. Thanks, dear.” I don’t know the marks I will get in ; school for my project, but according to me, it is already in the A+ category. It has made a positive impact. And that’s enough reward for me.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 Revathi’s Musical Plants Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 Revathi’s Musical Plants

Class 8 English Chapter 1.4 Revathi’s Musical Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up

1. Discuss in groups and share your answers with the class:

Question 1.
Can you name the famous musician in Emperor Akbar’s court, who could perform miracles, when he sang different Ragas?
Answer:
Tansen

Question 2.
What miracles could he perform with his music?
Answer:
It is said that Tansen could create rain and fire just through his music. If he sang the Raga Deepak, the area around ; him would catch fire. If he sang Megha ; Malhar, it would begin to rain. If he sang an evening raga during daytime, the sunlight i would diminish and it would look like it j was dusk already.

Question 3.
What impact does music have on ! human beings?
Answer:
Music can make human beings happy, sad, nostalgic, mournful, etc. It can soothe them when they are stressed. It can also convey a lot of emotions like love, anger, etc. that may not be conveyed easily through words.

Question 4.
Do you think that music can have an impact on animals, birds and even | plants?
Answer:
Yes, definitely. It has already been proved by Jagdish Chandra Bose that plants respond to music. It is said that cows give more milk if they listen to good music. Our folklore is full of instances of snakes swaying to the music played by snake charmers.

2. Affirmative and Negative sentences:

Read the sentences below and spot the difference in their framing:
1. (a) I could not complete the work.
(b) I failed to complete the work.

2. (a) There is no sense in what you say.
(b) There is hardly any sense in what you say.

3. (a) He said he wouldn’t go.
(b) He refused to go.

You will observe that sentences marked (a) and (b) convey the same meaning. But in all sentences marked (a) there are negative words (no, not, wouldn’t) whereas the ones marked (b) do not have them.
Negative words are those that convey a negative meaning.
For example: never, no, neither, nor, not, cannot, don’t, isn’t, nothing etc.
If a sentence contains Negative words, it is called a Negative Sentence.
If a sentence does not contain any Negative word, it is called Affirmative sentence.

Note: While interchanging Negative and Affirmative sentence, the meaning and tense must not change.
You must use Negative words in the sentence, while transforming from Affirmative to Negative.
You may use words like hardly I fail to I refuse / reject / avoid / prohibit / without / ban etc., while changing Negative sentences to Affirmative.

Say whether the following sentences are Affirmative or Negative ones:

Question 1.
We must avoid hurting others.
Answer:
Affirmative

Question 2.
She didn’t offer me any help.
Answer:
Negative

Question 3.
Never give up hope.
Answer:
Negative

Question 4.
You must keep away from bad company.
Answer:
Affirmative

Question 5.
There is nothing in the bag.
Answer:
Negative

Question 6.
Entry is prohibited, without permission.
Answer:
Affirmative

1. Read the story and complete the following:

Question a.
At first, Revathi’s plants did not look normal and healthy because of _______.
Answer:
they had pale green leaves and their growth was stunted due to insufficient sunlight.

Question b.
When Revathi played her favourite raga, the plants began to move because _____.
Answer:
they liked the music she was playing.

Question c.
Revathi’s grief knew no bounds because _________.
Answer:
she could not find her pot of balsam plants.

Question d.
Revathi was confident of proving her ownership of her pot of plants because________.
Answer:
she knew that her plants loved music and would respond to her favorite raga. They would bend their stems towards her, proving that they were hers.

Question e.
Revathi won the prize for the ‘Best Plant’ because of ______.
Answer:
her plants were the best looking and the healthiest.

2. Answer in your own words:

Question a.
What did Revathi discover about her balsam plants?
Answer:
Revathi discovered that her balsam plants were not only taller and healthier than the other balsam plants, but they had started flowering earlier too. The flowers were big and brightly coloured, and one of the plants had an unusual kind of flower. She also discovered that while the plants liked her favourite tune, they did not like the tune with a quick rhythm.

Question b.
Why did Revathi decide to keep her new knowledge ‘a secret’?
Answer:
Revathi decided to keep her new knowledge a secret perhaps because she felt that it was something only between her and her beloved plants, whom she considered her friends. or perhaps she felt that nobody would believe her if she mentioned that her plants were music lovers.

Question c.
How did the plants respond when Revathi played her favourite tune?
Answer:
When Revathi played her favourite tune on her violin, the plants all bent their stems towards her even though there was no breeze.

Question d.
How did the plants react to the fast rhythmic music?
Answer:
When Revathi played a tune with a quick rhythm, the plants turned away from her as though they did not like what she was playing.

Question e.
How did Revathi prove to the organisers of the competition that the plants truly belonged to her?
Answer:
When Revathi played her favourite tune, the plants bent their stems towards her as though they wanted to touch her in their happiness. This convinced the organisers that the plants were hers.

Question f.
What helped Revathi to claim her plants her belief in magic or the belief in her convictions? Explain your choice.
Answer:
Her belief in her convictions helped Revathi to claim her plants. She was sure that her plants were music lovers and would respond to her favourite raga as they had done before. There was no magic involved. It was a fact.

3. A. An ord chain consists of words of a certain category that begin with the letter, that the previous word has ended with.
Complete the word chain adding Four Nouns from the text.
Music → courtyard → ………
Answer:
music → courtyard → days → surprise → evening → grief.

3. B. Add the appropriate Prefix to make the following words opposite in meaning.

1. continue
2. possible
3. certain
4. definite
5. believe
6. important
7. place
8. known
9. regular

Answer:

1. Discontinue
2. Impossible
3. Uncertain
4. Indefinite
5. Disbelieve
6. Unimportant
7. Displace/Misplace
8. Unknown
9. Irregular

3. C. Use the following expressions to make sentences of your own:

Question 1.
make up one’s mind
Answer:
make up one’s mind – One should think carefully before one makes up one’s mind about anything important.

Question 2.
struck as odd
Answer:
struck as odd: My friend’s continuous laughter on seeing her marks struck me as odd.

Question 3.
knew no bounds
Answer:
knew no bounds: My joy knew no bounds when I saw the little puppy on my bed.

Question 4.
flash across one’s mind
Answer:
Flash across one’s mind: When Sonam saw the tears in Dia’s eyes, it flashed across her mind that there was some problem.

Question 5.
to surmise
Answer:
to surmise: When the teacher saw Naomi crying, she surmised that she had failed ¡n the test.

Question 6.
not to deter
Answer:
not to deter: The loss of a leg did not deter Sudha Chandran from dancing.

4. Imagine there is a ‘Best Plant’ Competition in the locality /colony where you live. Frame a Notice about the same, in the form of an attracti’e poster.
Cover the following points.

Name of the organisation.
Name of the Contest.
Day, Date, Venue.
Who can participate.
Prizes.
Contact details for further enquiry.
Answer:

5. Types of sentences:

Study the following sentences.
Set (A)
Revathi was a student of music.
The flowers were big and brightly coloured; indeed.
They were requested to believe her.
All the above sentences are statements or assertions, and called Assertie or Declarative sentences.

Set (B)
Wasn’t Revathi a student of music?
How can we doubt her?
Do plants have ears?
The above sentences in Set (B) are Questions. They are called Interrogatie sentences.

Set (C)
Please believe me.
Let us rutch the fun.
Sit straight.
Excuse me.
In Set (C) the sentences are either requests, appeals, commands, suggestions etc. Such sentences are called Imperative Sentences.

Set (D)
How big and bright the flowers were!
What a surprise!
Ah, what beautiful music that is!
Set (D) has sentences that express strong feelings. They are called Exclamatory Sentences

State the kinds of the following sentences:

• How happily she played the violin!
• They all bent towards her.
• Don’t play that quick tune.
• She kept the knowledge a secret.
• How can plants enjoy music?
• How proudly did Revathi carry home her prize!
  What could have token my plants?
• The organisers were not convinced.

6. Make the following Negative using the negative words given:

Question 1.
There were a few potted plants in the courtyard. (not many)
Answer:
There were not many potted plants in the courtyard.

Question 2.
They looked healthier than the other plants. (not as healthy as)
Answer:
The other plants did not look as healthy as these plants.

Question 3.
She refused to share her secret. (would not)
Answer:
She would not share her secret.

Question 4.
She went around asking everyone about her plants. (No one / did not)
Answer:
She did not omit anyone when she went around asking about her plants.

7. Make the following Affirmutie using the words given:

Question 1.
There was no breeze. (hardly)
Answer:
There was hardly any breeze.

Question 2.
Their ridicule did not deter her. (failed to)
Answer:
Their ridicule failed to deter her.

Question 3.
Her mother knew nothing about it. (denied)
Answer:
Her mother denied knowing anything about it.

Question 4.
She did not give up. (refuse to)
Answer:
She refused to give up.

8. Imagine that Revathi’s father is abroad on business and she wishes to convey the news of her prize-winning plants. Draft un email for the above subject.
Answer:

Hi Dad,
How are you? How is your trip? Have you done a lot of sightseeing the past weekend? Please don’t forget to send some pics. I wish we could all have been in Paris with you.

I have some excellent news for you. Do you know those potted balsam plants in the corner of our courtyard? Well, I took one pot and gave it a lot of love and care. And guess what! It won the first prize in the ‘Best Plant’ contest in our colony!
But more important than that, Dad, is the fact that I have discovered that my plants love music, especially my favourite raga, Mohanam. They bend towards me when

I play that raga on my violin, and move I away when I play some music with a quick rhythm. No, it is not my imagination; I proved it to the organisers of the contest, and they have praised me for my discovery.I They will certainly talk to you about it when you come back.
Dad, I want to prove my discovery to you too. Please come back soon. Rest everything is fine. Lots of hugs and kisses from all of us.

Revathi.

Class 8 English Chapter 1.4 Revathi’s Musical Plants Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activity:
Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The instrument Revathi played was the _____.
Answer:
violin

Question 2.
Revathi’s favourite raga was ______.
Answer:
Mohanam

Question 3.
One day, she saw that there was a pot of ______ plants near the wall.
Answer:
balsam

Question 4.
Revathi decided to participate in the ______ contest to be held in her colony.
Answer:
Best Plant

Question 5.
Use the expression ‘to surmise’ to make a sentence of your own :
Answer:
When the teacher saw Naomi crying, she surmised that she had failed the test.

Pick out the conjunctions in the following sentences:

Question 1.
Her mother said she knew nothing either about the pot or the plants.
Answer:
either…or

Question 2.
The flowers were big and brightly coloured and one of the plants had an unusual kind of flower.
Answer:
and, and.

Complete the table and write who said the given words and to whom:
Answer:

The Words	Who said	To whom
(1) Do plants have ears?	The organisers	Revathi
(2) I know my plants.	Revathi	The organisers

Give reasons:

Question 1.
What shock did Revathi receive on prize distribution day?
Answer:
On prize distribution day, Revathi saw her lost pot of plants on a bench, with the name of a distant neighbour of hers as the competitor. She got a shock when she saw this.

Question 2.
Explain how Revathi planned to convince the organisers that the plants were hers.
Answer:
Revathi knew that her plants were music lovers. She planned to play : the violin and show the organizers how her plants responded to her music and bent their stems towards her. This would convince them that the plants were hers.

Question 3.
The organisers refused to believe that Revathi’s plants were music lovers.
Answer:
The organisers said that plants did not have ears like ours to listen to music. They had never heard of plants enjoying music. Hence, they refused to believe that Revathi’s plants were music lovers.

Punctuate the sentence:

they asked her do plants have ears like ours to enjoy your music
Answer:
They asked her, “Do plants have ears like ours to enjoy your music?”

Underline the nouns in the following sentence :

There was her pot of plants on a bench, with the name of a distant neighbour written on a small piece of cardboard and placed in the soil.
Answer:
There was her pot of plants on a bench, with the name of a distant neighbour written on a small piece of cardboard and placed in the soil.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What would have been your reaction if you had been in Revathi’s place, and seen someone else’s name on your pot of plants? What would you have done?
Answer:
I would have been furious. I would have gone up to the person whose name was on my plants and shouted at her and tried to make her admit her theft. I would also have complained loudly to the organisers, hoping to shame her into admitting her guilt.

Rewrite the following sentences in the correct order of occurrence in the passage:

1. The organisers were stunned.
2. The neighbour accepted that she had stolen Revathi’s plants.
3. Revathi started playing her favourite raga.
4. Everyone applauded Revathi.

Answer:

1. Revathi started playing her favourite raga.
2. The organisers were stunned.
3. Everyone applauded Revathi.
4. The neighbour accepted that she had stolen Revathi’s plants.

Complex Factual Activities :

Give reasons :

Question 1.
No one suspected that the neighbour had stolen the plants.
Answer:
The neighbour was a regular participant In the competition. Hence, no one suspected that she had stolen the plants.

Question 2.
What is the happy end?
Answer:
In the end, the neighbour admitted j that she had stolen the plants, and that the plants were actually Revathi’s. The plants got the first prize. Everyone applauded Revathi’s discovery. Thus, the end of the story is a happy one.

Activities based on Vocabulary :

Write the noun forms of the following words :

• dejected
• favourite
• applauded
• submitted

Answer:

• dejection
• favour/ favouritism
• applause
• submission

Write the adjective forms of the following words:

• argument
• forgot
• responding
• proudly

Answer:

• argumentative
• forgettable/forgetful
• responsive
• proud

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Underline the adverbs in the following sentence:

She felt very dejected but was determined to win her plants back.
Answer:
She felt very dejected but was I determined to win her plants back.

Underline the conjunctions in the following sentence :

The authorities decided that Revathi’s plants deserved the first prize as they were the best-looking and healthy.
Answer:
The authorities decided that Revathi’s plants deserved the first prize as they were the best-looking and healthy.

Personal Response:

What helped Revathi to claim her plants-her belief in magic or her belief in her convictions? Explain your choice.
Answer:
Her belief in her convictions helped Revathi to claim her plants. She was sure that her plants were music lovers and would respond to her favourite raga as they had done before. There was no magic involved. It was a fact.

Grammar

Say whether the following sentences are Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative or Exclamatory:

Question 1.
How happily she played the violin!
Answer:
Exclamatory

Question 2.
They all bent towards her.
Answer:
Assertive

Question 3.
Don’t play that quick tune.
Answer:
Imperative

Question 4.
She kept the knowledge a secret.
Answer:
Assertive

Question 5.
How can plants enjoy music?
Answer:
Interrogative

Question 6.
How proudly did Revathi carry home her prize!
Answer:
Exclamatory

Question 7.
Who could have taken my plants?
Answer:
Interrogative

Question 8.
The organisers were not convinced.
Answer:
Assertive

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Prepare a word register of about 4 words from the lesson for ‘music’.
Answer:
Music – rhythm, tune, violin, raga

Question 2.
Use the phrase ‘pulled up’ in your own sentence :
Answer:
The watchman was pulled up for sleeping when he was on duty.

Question 3.
Spot the error and correct the sentence :That evening, all her friends was going to the prize distribution ceremony.
Answer:
That evening, all her friends were going to the prize distribution ceremony.

Question 4.
Find out four hidden words from the given word : (Each word should have at least 3 letters.) displayed
Answer:
displayed: display, play, plea, leap

Question 5.
Make a pair of sentences to show the difference between two meanings of the following word (homographs) : stem
Answer:
(i) The stem of a plant holds it up to sunlight
(ii) “All your health problems stem from poor eating habits,” said the doctor to Roshan.

Question 6.
Underline the adverbs in the following sentence :
They were slowly moving their stems, bending slightly towards her.
Answer:
They were slowly moving their stems, bending slightly towards her.

Question 7.
Pick out the prepositions in the following sentence :
She had been busy inside the house and had not been to the courtyard.
Answer:
She had been busy inside the house and had not been to the courtyard.

Question 8.
Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word :
She kept her knowledge a secret.
Answer:
She kept what she knew a secret.

Question 9.
Rewrite using the word ‘normally’ in the sentence:
Plants need light for normal growth.
Answer:
Plants need light to grow normally.

Question 10.
She saw all her plants turn away from her as though they did not like what she was playing.
(Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
Answer:
She saw all her plants turn away from her as though they disliked what she was playing.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim

Class 8 English Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming Up:

Make groups and discuss the following using the given points:

Question a.
What fatal dangers/problems did mankind face centuries ago, but are no longer a threat today?
Answer:
(Points : wild animals – lack of food – certain diseases – climate etc.)

Question b.
Name a few scientists/explorers/ social reformers / inventors / discoverers, who spent most of their lives to find solutions to some major problems/ setbacks that mankind faced.
Answer:
(Points : Alexander Fleming, Edison, Ronald Ross, Christopher Columbus, Wright brothers, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Galileo, Marie Curie, Savitribai Phule, Babasaheb Ambedkar, etc.)

Question c.
Did they themselves suffer from those problems/setbacks?
Answer:
(Points : most did not)

Question d.
What inspired them to spend the best part of their lives to research and share their findings?
Answer:
(Points : a passion for well-being of ! mankind – personal goals and aims – interest in the subject – curiosity – the urge to improve society and help others – etc.)

2. Read and understand the following poetic devices:

(A) If two or more words in the same line convey the some meaning, the Figure of Speech in thut line is called Tautology.
For example: It brought joy and cheer.
They groaned with aches and pains.

(B) ‘Poets often change the proper grammatical order of words in the ¡inc of a poem, in order to make the lines rhyme or to emphasize upon something. The Figure of Speech in such lines is called inersion’ or Anastrophe.’
For example: Up came the sun. Down the hill, it flowed.

(C) When a question is asked in order to create a dramatic effect and not to get an answer, in a line of the poem, the Figure of Speech used is called
Interrogation / Rhetorical Questions:
For example: What is this life, if full of care?
When can their glory fade?

1.Pick out words from the poem to fill in the web diagram. They should be related to the theme in the web.

Answer:

2.The entire poem is metaphorical (Implied comparison).
Match the words in Column A with what they imply in Column B.

Answer:
(1) pilgrim – a dutiful man
(2) journey – life
(3) evening or close of day – old age
(4) chasm, deep and wide – threat to life
(5) building a bridge – solving a problem /getting rid of a threat to life
(6) pitfall – trap
(7) close of day – death

3. A. Read the poem and write 3 qualities of each of the following.

Answer:

3. B. Answer in your own words.

Question a.
Why did the old man have no need to build the bridge, across the chasm?
Answer:
The old pilgrim had already crossed the chasm and would never pass that way again. Hence, the old man had no need to build the bridge across the chasm.

Question b.
What explanation did he give to the fellow- pilgrim for his thoughtful deed?
Answer:
The old man said that though he had already crossed the chasm, there was a fair-haired youth who was about to pass that way. The old man was experienced and was not afraid of the chasm. However, the young man was inexperienced and the chasm could prove to be a pitfall for him.
He too had to cross it at twilight, and the old man was building a bridge to help this youth.

Question c.
What message does the poem convey to all of us?
Answer:
The message that the poem conveys to us is that we must be generous ) and unselfish and think of others. We must try to help others who are not as experienced as we are.

4. A. Note the rhyming words in the first stanza:
way – gray I wide-side- tide / dim -him.
Poet has used a deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme with other lines in the poem or
the stanza. This pattern can be identified by giving the rhyming pairs of words the
same letter of the alphabet.
For example: l stanza of this poem has the pattern AABCCBB
So, AABCCBB is called the Rhyme Scheme of the 1stanza of the poem
‘The Pilgrim’.
Answer:
(i) the 2nd stanza : ddaabb
(ii) the 3rd stanza: eeaaffcc

4. B. Now write the Rhyme Scheme of the 2stanza and 3 stanza
Remember that a line in the 2d or stanza may rhyme with lines in P’ stanza,
too. You may use the sanie letter of the alphabet as used in the 1 stanza.
Answer:
(i) Came at evening, cold and gray. To a chasm, deep and vast and wide.
(The correct prose order Is: Came on a cold and gray evening to a deep and wide and vast chasm.)
(ii) To the fair-haired youth. may a pitfall be.
(The correct prose order is : To the fair-haired youth, It may be a pitfall.)

4. C. Find two lines from the poem that j contain the figure of speech ‘Inversion’.
Answer:
(i) Came at evening, cold and gray, To a chasm, deep and vast and wide.
(The correct prose order is : Came on j a cold and gray evening to a deep and wide and vast chasm.)
(ii) To the fair-haired youth, may a pitfall be.
(The correct prose order is : To the fair-haired youth, it may be a pitfall.)

Pick out one line each that contains the following figures of speech:
(Note: Refer to the next page for the explanation.)

Question a.
Tautology:
Answer:
To a chasm, deep and vast and wide.
The words vast and wide have similar meaning.

Question b.
Personification:
Answer:
A pilgrim, going a lone highway.
The highway is given the human quality of being lonely.

Question c.
Interrogation:
Answer:
Why waste your time in building here?
A question is asked to emphasize an idea.

5. Imagine that you are the fellow – pilgrim and you wish to share your experience of the incident in the poem. Write a short article about it for a magazine / journal. Also convey what change it has brought in our life.

Class 8 English Chapter 1.3 The Pilgrim Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following:

Question 1.
Although he had already crossed the chasm, the pilgrim ________.
Answer:
paused and built a bridge across the waters.

Question 2.
The old pilgrim built the bridge to to __________.
Answer:
help the Inexperienced youth who was following on the same path.

Complex Factual Activities:
Give reasons:

Question a.
The fellow pilgrim was puzzled.
Answer:
The old pilgrim had already crossed the chasm and would never pass that way again. Yet, he was building a bridge across the chasm. The fellow pilgrim could not understand the reason for this and was hence puzzled.

Question b.
What/Who could be the third pilgrim?
Answer:
The third pilgrim could be a young, inexperienced youth.

Analysis/Appreciation Of A Poem
Answer:
(1) Poem and poet: ‘The Pilgrim’ by Will Allan Dromgoole
(2) Theme: Those who have faced the difficulties of life successfully and are experienced must be unselfish and help those who are inexperienced and may face difficulties.
(3) Tone: Serious.
(4) Structure and stanzas: Stanzas of unequal length; 1st stanza – 7 lines; 2nd stanza – 6 lines; 3rd stanza – 8 lines;
(5) Rhyme and Rhythm: 1st stanza – AABCCBB; 2nd stanza – ddaabb; 3rd stanza – eeaaffcc
(6) Language and Imagery: The narrative is direct with some archaic language used; there is a strong underlying message. The descriptions are vivid.
(7) Figures of Speech: Inversion, Tautology, Personification, Interrogation.

Writing Skills:

“Imagine that you are the fellow-pilgrim and you wish to share your experience of \ the incident in the poem. Write a short j article about it for a magazine/journal.
Also convey what change it has brought in your life.
Answer:

The Turning Point

There are certain incidents in one’s life which have an impact on a person and prove to be a turning point in their lives. Let me narrate the incident which shook me awake.

I was on a hike in some hilly places when I had to cross a deep ravine which had a gushing river flowing through it. I managed to cross without any difficulty to my surprise, an old man ahead of me also crossed it nimbly. As I was about to continue on my way, I saw the old man turn back and build a rough bridge across the water. It took a lot of effort and I stood by wondering. Finally, I asked him, “Sir, it is late evening and you Eire not likely to cross this way again. Why are you building a bridge now?”

The old man’s answer floored me. “You confused child,” he said with a smile. “I have completed my journey – true. But behind me is a young boy who is inexperienced.

He will soon reach this chasm, and he may have difficulty in crossing it. I am building this bridge to help him.”
I stood still, amazed at the generosity and unselfishness of the old man, who was putting in the time and effort to help someone he did not even know. He was building a bridge that he would never ever cross.

This incident left an indelible mark on my mind. Since that time, I always try to help others even though it may not be beneficial to me in any way. However, it gives me something immeasurable – peace and happiness. Try it out, won’t you? (indelible – permanent; unfading)