Maharashtra Board Class 11 Geography Important Questions Chapter 9 Disaster Management

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Geography Important Questions Chapter 9 Disaster Management Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 11th Geography Important Questions Chapter 9 Disaster Management

Complete the chain.

Question 1.

Type of disaster	Name of Disaster	Place
(1) Tectonic	(1) Flood	(1) Malin
(2) Geological	(2) Plague	(2) Kerala
(3) Metrological	(3) Tsunami	(3) Surat
(4) Biological	(4) Mudslide	(4) Indonesia

Answer:

Type of disaster	Name of Disaster	Place
(1) Tectonic	(1) Tsunami	(1) Indonesia
(2) Geological	(2) Mudslide	(2) Malin
(3) Metrological	(3) Flood	(3) Kerala
(4) Biological	(4) Plague	(4) Surat

Question 2.

Measures	Pre-disaster/ Post-disaster	Structural or Non-Structural
(1) Public awareness	(1) Post-disaster	(1) Structural
(2) Preparedness of hospital	(2) Post-disaster	(2) Non-structural
(3) Providing food and shelter to people	(3) Pre-disaster	(3) Structural
(4) Construction of river embankments	(4) Post-disaster	(4) Non-structural

Answer:

Measures	Pre-disaster/ Post-disaster	Structural or Non-Structural
(1) Public awareness	(1) Pre-disaster	(1) Non-structural
(2) Preparedness of hospital	(2) Pre-disaster	(2) Structural
(3) Providing food and shelter to people	(3) Post-disaster	(3) Non-structural
(4) Construction of river embankments	(4) Pre-disaster	(4) Structural

Question 3.

Measures	Pre-disaster/ Post-disaster	Structural or Non-Structural
(1) Community level disaster planning	(1) Post-disaster	(1) Structural
(2) Providing financial support	(2) Post-disaster	(2) Structural
(3) Rebuilding of roads and bridges	(3) Pre-disaster	(3) Non-structural
(4) Providing houses to affected people	(4) Pre-disaster	(4) Non-structural

Answer:

Measures	Pre-disaster/ Post-disaster	Structural or Non-Structural
(1) Community level disaster planning	(1) Pre-disaster	(1) Non-structural
(2) Providing financial support	(2) Post-disaster	(2) Non-structural
(3) Rebuilding of roads and bridges	(3) Post-disaster	(3) Structural
(4) Providing houses to affected people	(4) Post-disaster	(4) Structural

Choose the correct option by identifying the correct correlation in the sentences.

Question 1.
Loss of homes, permanent changes in the position of river channel and adverse effects on tourism in an affected area due to an earthquake etc., are ……………..
(a) tertiary effects of a disaster
(b) quaternary effects of a disaster, me
(c) primary effects of a disaster
(d) secondary effects of a disaster
Answer:
(a) tertiary effects of a disaster

Question 2.
Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984 was a ……………….
(a) Geological disaster
(b) Biological disaster
(c) Anthropogenic disaster
(d) Tectonic disaster
Answer:
(c) Anthropogenic disaster

Question 3.
People living in ………………….. areas are more likely to be affected by Tsunamis.
(a) mountainous
(b) coastal
(c) plateau
(d) plain
Answer:
(b) coastal

Question 4.
The geographical conditions and circumstances of people or region that make them susceptible to a disaster is known as ………………..
(a) ability
(b) society
(c) vulnerability
(d) capacity
Answer:
(c) vulnerability

Question 5.
…………………. is the process of preparing in advance, to face disasters in future.
(a) Pre-disaster planning
(b) Strengthening
(c) Recovery
(d) Rehabilitation
Answer:
(a) Pre-disaster planning

Question 6.
The last phase of disaster management is ………………..
(a) recovery
(b) disaster preparedness
(c) rehabilitation
(d) mitigation
Answer:
(c) rehabilitation

Question 7.
The measure taken to bring life back to normal in affected areas is ………………
(a) recovery
(b) disaster preparedness
(c) rehabilitation
(d) mitigation
Answer:
(c) rehabilitation

Question 8.
Any measure taken to minimize the impact of a disaster before it occurs is ………………..
(a) recovery
(b) disaster preparedness
(c) rehabilitation
(d) mitigation
Answer:
(d) mitigation

Question 9.
Action taken to reduce or avoid disasters and their effects is ………………..
(a) recovery
(b) disaster preparedness
(c) rehabilitation
(d) mitigation
Answer:
(b) disaster preparedness

Question 10.
The Indonesian Tsunami of 2004 is …………………
(a) meteorological disaster
(b) biological disaster
(c) geological disaster
(d) tectonic disaster
Answer:
(d) tectonic disaster

Question 11.
The Malin mudslide of 2014 is …………………
(a) meteorological disaster
(b) biological disaster
(c) geological disaster
(d) tectonic disaster
Answer:
(c) geological disaster

Question 12.
The floods of Kerala of 2018 is ……………………
(a) meteorological disaster
(b) biological disaster
(c) geological disaster
(d) tectonic disaster
Answer:
(a) meteorological disaster

Question 13.
The Surat plague of 1992 is ………………….
(a) meteorological disaster
(b) biological disaster
(c) geological disaster
(d) tectonic disaster
Answer:
(b) biological disaster

Identify the correct correlation.

A : Assertion
R : Reasoning

Question 1.
A – Disasters can be natural or man-made.
R – Disasters may affect human population.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question 2.
A – Generally man-made disasters can be prevented.
R – Man-made disasters happen due to mistakes or carelessness by human,
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 3.
A – Disaster is more of an anthropocentric concept.
R – A hazard is a result of natural process.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question 4.
A – Events like earthquake, volcanic eruption, tsunamis etc., cannot be prevented but their effects can be reduced.
R – Events like earthquake, cyclones, tsunami etc can now be forecasted and people can be evacuated.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 5.
A – Recovery and rehabilitation are included in post disaster management.
R – Evacuation, search and rescue are included in pre-disaster management.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(a) Only A is correct.

Question 6.
A – Structural measures include any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazard.
R – Non- structural measures include the use of technology, practice to reduce disaster risks and impacts.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(a) Only A is correct.

Question 7.
A – Remote sensing is very effective in mapping disaster prone area.
R – Remote sensing satellite monitor the path of cyclone.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 8.
A – Epidemics is an example of meteorological type of disaster.
R – Corona pandemic is an example of biological type of disaster.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(b) Only R is correct.

Question 9.
A – The Malin mudslide of Maharashtra in 2014 is geological type of disaster.
R – Tsunami is tectonic type of disaster.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question 10.
A – The last phase of disaster management is rehabilitation.
R – The first stage of disaster management is mitigation.
(a) Only A is correct.
(b) Only R is correct.
(c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(a) Only A is correct.

Identify the incorrect factor.

Question 1.
Tectonic disasters are-
(a) Tsunami
(b) Earthquake
(c) Volcanic eruptions
(d) Flood
Answer:
(d) Flood

Question 2.
Geological disasters are-
(a) Mudslides
(b) Cyclone
(c) Landslides
(d) Avalanches
Answer:
(b) Cyclone

Question 3.
Meteorological disasters are-
(a) Cyclone
(b) Heat wave
(c) Flood
(d) Cholera
Answer:
(d) Cholera

Question 4.
Biological disasters are-
(a) Storm
(b) Dengue
(c) Flu
(d) Cholera
Answer:
(a) Storm

Question 5.
Anthropogenic or Man-made disasters are-
(a) Industrial accidents
(b) Avalanches
(c) Nuclear accidents
(d) Transportation accidents
Answer:
(b) Avalanches

Question 6.
Effects of disaster are-
(a) Primary effects
(b) Secondary effects
(c) Quaternary effects
(d) Tertiary effects
Answer:
(c) Quaternary effects

Question 7.
Disaster response include-
(a) Preparedness of hospitals
(b) Providing food and shelter
(c) Providing financial support
(d) Restoring normal conditions
Answer:
(a) Preparedness of hospitals

Question 8.
Recovery includes-
(a) Cleaning of debris
(b) Giving financial assistance
(c) Rebuilding of roads and bridges
(d) Public awareness
Answer:
(d) Public awareness

Question 9.
Mitigation includes-
(a) Community level disaster planning
(b) Preparedness of hospitals
(c) Information campaign
(d) Providing housing
Answer:
(d) Providing housing

Question 10.
Disaster preparedness include-
(a) Cleaning of debris
(b) Preparing plans for households
(c) Strengthening the weak structures
(d) Awareness campaigns
Answer:
(a) Cleaning of debris

Give geographical reasons.

Question 1.
People living in certain areas are exposed to particular disasters.
Answer:

People in the coastal areas of India are more likely to be affected by a cyclone than those in the interior.
People living in seismically active areas are prone to earthquakes, volcanic eruption, tsunami, etc.
People living in geologically weak areas are prone to landslide, mudslides, avalanches, etc.
The social, economic and political conditions may make people more likely to be affected by disasters in the same region.
Example, the poor, the old people and the children can easily become victims of disasters.
Densely populated areas are more likely to be affected than sparsely populated areas.

Question 2.
Disaster management seeks to reduce risk to damages or losses.
Answer:

Many disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruption, etc., cannot be prevented but their effect can be reduced due to disaster management.
Disaster management focuses on the hazard that causes the disaster and attempts to minimize the adverse impact of the same on communities.
Now forecast of disasters like cyclone, flooding can be forecasted and people can be evacuated from vulnerable areas.
It involves co-ordination from governments, local self-governments, police, military and para¬military forces, NGOs, doctors, scientists, planners, volunteers and groups or communities.

Question 3.
Effects of many disasters can be reduced these days.
Answer:

Disasters like gas leakage and rail accidents can be prevented.
Disasters like volcanic eruption, tsunamis, earthquakes, etc., cannot be prevented but their effect can be reduced.
Cyclones and floods can now be forecasted and people can be evacuated from vulnerable areas.
Due to awareness created about disasters, steps can be taken to reduce its effects, evaluate the damage caused by the disasters, provide relief, food and medical aid in affected areas.

Differentiate between.

Question 1.
Structural Measures and Non-structural Measures.
Answer:

Structural Measures	Non-structural Measures
(i) They include any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards.	(i) They do not include physical construction.
(ii) It is achieved by the application of engineering or technology.	(ii) It includes mainly the use of knowledge, practice or agreement to reduce disaster risks and impacts. It is achieved through policies and laws, public awareness, training and education.

Question 2.
Hazards and Disasters.
Answer:

Hazards	Disasters
(i) Hazards are phenomena that pose a threat to people, structural or economic assets.	(i) A hazard becomes disaster when it affects human population, settlement and their activities.
(ii) High rainfall is a hazard.	(ii) When high rainfall causes floods, it is a disaster.
(iii) Hazard is defined as a potentially damaging physical event, social and economic disruption or environmental widespread human, material or environmental	(iii) A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning degradation of a society, causing or threatening to cause losses which render the affected community unable to cope using its own resources.
(iv) Hazard is result of natural process.	(iv) Disaster is an anthropocentric concept.

Write short notes on.

Question 1.
Remote Sensing
Answer:

Remote sensing is a very effective tool in mapping disaster prone areas particularly flood- affected areas.
Micro-wave data can provide information on flood-inundated areas.
Remote sensing satellites monitor the path of cyclone and it can provide ample time with warning for evacuation and preparedness in advance.
The data obtained from meteorological satellites is used for cyclone-tracking, intensity and land-fall predictions and forecasting of extreme weather events.
The data obtained from earth observation satellites is used for monitoring disaster events and assessing the damages.
The communication satellites help to establish communication in remote and inaccessible areas.
The Navigation satellites are used for providing location-based services.

Question 2.
Disaster Response
Answer:

‘Disaster Response’ is the way the community responds to the disaster.
It is a post-disaster process but it reflects the preparedness of the community.
It includes the immediate period after the disaster strikes.
It is concerned with providing food and shelter to the disaster victims, restoring normal conditions and providing financial support.
Under this stage, initiatives are taken to ensure that the needs and provisions of victims are met and suffering is minimised.
The main focus in this phase is making people safe till further measures are taken.

Question 3.
Capacity to Cope
Answer:

The ability of people, organisation and systems, using available skills and resources to face and manage disasters is known as their capacity to cope.
Vulnerability is reduced if the capacity to cope with the disaster is high.
The capacity to cope has improved over the years. Example, the cyclone in 1999 had caused 10,000 deaths while cyclone in 2019 had caused only 89 deaths.

Question 4.
Tasks in Disaster Management
Answer:
Disaster Management is a multi-disciplinary task which includes the following tasks:

Preparedness.
Monitoring, early warning and mitigation.
Evacuation, search and rescue.
Providing relief in terms of medical help, basic needs such as food, clothes and shelter.
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation.

Draw a neat and labelled diagram for

Disaster Management Cycle
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Geography Important Questions Chapter 9 Disaster Management 1

Answer in Detail

Question 1.
What is meant by Disaster Preparedness?
Answer:

Disaster preparedness involves measures taken to prepare for and reduce effect of disasters.
This includes carrying out awareness campaigns, strengthening the weak structures, preparing plans for households and community level, etc.
Example, if a building catches fire, its residents should know how to escape. For this to occur, they should be trained beforehand.
People living in the flood-prone areas should be prepared with items such as medicine, food, water, etc.
It is the action taken to reduce or avoid disasters and their effects.
It should be included in development policy and planning at regional, national and international levels.
It is a continuous process.

Question 2.
Explain what is meant by mitigation and how is it implemented?
Answer:

Mitigation means any measure taken to minimize the impact of a disaster before it occurs. In other words, it is an action taken against the potential disasters.
It is carried out for those disasters which cannot be prevented.
Mitigation is helpful to the people because it creates safer communities and reduces loss of life and property of people.
Remote sensing satellites can forecast floods or cyclones so people know about their timings. People can be evacuated from vulnerable areas. Example, when cyclone Fani occurred in India, mitigation efforts helped to reduce loss of life and property.
Thus, mitigation helps to reduce the financial impact of disaster on Government agencies.

Some mitigation measures can be as per the following:

Community level disaster planning.
Public awareness and information campaigns.
Preparedness of hospitals.
Construction of houses away from hazardous areas.
Mitigation efforts can be categorized as structural and non-structural mitigations.
Structural mitigation efforts include construction of river embankments or strengthening of the existing buildings.
Non-structural mitigation efforts include area training in disaster management, regulating land use, public education, etc.

Question 3.
Explain what is disaster management and how is it carried?
Answer:

After every disaster there is a great loss to life and property of people, therefore disaster management is necessary.
Some disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, etc., cannot be prevented but their effects can be reduced by disaster management.
Disaster management focuses on the hazard that causes the disaster and attempts are made to minimize the adverse effects on communities in the following ways:
With the help of remote sensing now we can forecast disasters like cyclones, earthquakes, or volcanoes and disaster management can be done.
Disaster management includes creating awareness about the disaster, taking steps to reduce its effects, providing relief, food, and medical aid in affected areas, and evaluating the damage caused by the disaster.
It is a joint effort of government, local self-government, police, doctors, military, and paramilitary forces, scientists, planners, NGOs, volunteers, and communities. Their perfect coordination is necessary.

Disaster management is a multi-disciplinary task that includes the following tasks:

Preparedness.
Monitoring, early warning, and mitigation.
Evacuation, search and rescue.
Providing relief in terms of medical help, basic needs such as food, clothes and shelter.
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation